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Liang H, Li D, Zhu Y, Zhou X, Lin F, Jing D, Su X, Pan P, Zhang Y. Associations Between Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Adult-Onset Asthma: A Prospective Cohort Study of European Ancestry. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:2354-2363. [PMID: 36988870 PMCID: PMC10407004 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies showed sex discrepancies in the prevalence, incidence, and disease control of asthma. The relationships between different reproductive factors and the risk of asthma in females remain uncertain. DESIGN A prospective cohort study recruited 239,701 female participants from the UK Biobank. The Cox proportional hazard model and multiple adjusted restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association between each reproductive factor and the risk of adult-onset asthma. KEY RESULTS We observed that the association of age at menarche and age of menopause with adult-onset asthma risk presented as U-shaped, with multiple adjusted HRs for age at menarche being 1.129 (95% CI, 1.038-1.228) for ≤ 11 years old and 1.157 (95% CI, 1.058-1.265) for ≥ 15 years old referenced to 13 years old, and for age at menopause being 1.368 (1.237-1.512) for ≤ 46 years old and 1.152 (1.026-1.294) for ≥ 55 years old referenced to 50-52 years old. Early age at first live birth (≤ 20 years old), a greater number of miscarriages (≥ 2) or stillbirths (≥ 2), more children (≥ 4), and shorter reproductive years (≤ 32 years) were associated with elevated risk of asthma. In addition, history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy was associated with increased risk of adult-onset asthma, particularly in those with simultaneous hysterectomy and oophorectomy (HR, 1.239; 95% CI, 1.063-1.445). For exogenous sex hormones, hormone replacement therapy (HR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.394-1.574) was identified to be associated with elevated risk of adult-onset asthma. CONCLUSIONS This study not only demonstrated significant associations between multiple reproductive factors and the risk of adult-onset asthma in a female's later life, but also found that history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy, as well as hormone replacement therapy, was linked to an elevated incidence of adult-onset asthma. Our findings highlighted the significance of reproductive factors in the development of asthma in female populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dianwu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412001, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fengyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Liu Y, Cao L, Liu J, Zhang Z, Fan P, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Gu Y, Li Q, Xiong Y. Increased Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression and Reduced Anxiety-Like Behavior Following Tuina in a Rat Model With Allergic Airway Inflammation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2022; 45:586-594. [PMID: 37294215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the influence mechanism of Tuina on anxiety-like behavior in immature rats with allergic airway inflammation (AAI). METHODS A total of 27 Sprague-Dawley male rats (aged ∼5 weeks) were divided randomly into control, AAI, and AAI with Tuina groups (9 rats per group). The anxiety-like behavior was assessed by an open field test and elevated plus-maze test. Allergic airway inflammation was assessed based on the pathological score of the lung, plasma ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E, interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) messenger RNA and protein expression in the hippocampus and lung were detected by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Meanwhile, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) messenger RNA in the hypothalamus, the plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone were also determined respectively by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) function. RESULTS The AAI group had obvious anxiety-like behavior and hyperactive HPA axis, along with decreased GR expression in the hippocampus and lung. Following Tuina, AAI and the anxiety-like behavior were efficiently reduced, and the hyperactivity of HPA axis was efficiently inhibited, along with enhanced GR expression in the hippocampus and lung. CONCLUSION Glucocorticoid receptor expression in the hippocampus and lung was enhanced, and anxiety-like behavior was reduced following Tuina in rats with AAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaPing Liu
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - LiYue Cao
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Pediatric Massage Department, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - ZhongYuan Zhang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pu Fan
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Massage Department, Huai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - ShuYing Zhang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Uçar C, Bülbül M, Yıldız S. Cesarean delivery is associated with suppressed activities of the stress axes. Stress 2022; 25:67-73. [PMID: 34931594 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.2015318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal pre- and post-delivery stress levels might be different for vaginal or cesarean deliveries. This study aimed to investigate the effects of type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean) and time of delivery (pre- and post-delivery) on the stress axes of the body, namely the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) and autonomic nervous system (ANS).Ninety-one pregnant women were volunteered to participate this prospective study. In these women, pre- and post-delivery HPA and ANS activities were measured noninvasively by salivary cortisol and heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. HRV was measured by 5-min electrocardiogram recording and time- and frequency-domain parameters were computed.Salivary cortisol concentration and HRV parameters were higher in women having vaginal delivery than those having cesarean delivery (p < 0.05). Cortisol levels did not differ between pre- and post-delivery (p > 0.05) but the time-domain parameters of HRV decreased post-delivery (p < 0.05). No interactions were observed between the types and times of delivery (p > 0.05).HPA and ANS axes had different activity patterns throughout the delivery process and they were higher during vaginal delivery, suggesting that they are integral parts of normal birth process and that cesarean delivery perturbs the activity of both axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihat Uçar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yıldız
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
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Cardet JC, Bulkhi AA, Lockey RF. Nonrespiratory Comorbidities in Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3887-3897. [PMID: 34492402 PMCID: PMC8631133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic heterogeneous airway disease. Common comorbid conditions are often disproportionately present in severe asthma. Optimal care of patients with asthma requires the recognition and treatment of these comorbid conditions. This review outlines the pathophysiological mechanisms between nonrespiratory comorbid conditions and asthma and their effect on asthma outcomes. They include: type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, adrenal and thyroid gland diseases, pregnancy, osteoporosis, adverse effects from medications, and mental health disorders. Studies indicate how poor glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with not only greater health care utilization but poorer asthma outcomes. Also, a large health care claims database indicates that a substantial proportion of pregnant women have uncontrolled asthma and are prescribed suboptimal controller therapy. Additional data about these nonrespiratory comorbidities and medications known to benefit both nonrespiratory comorbidities and asthma are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Cardet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Adeeb A Bulkhi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla; Department of Internal Medicine, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Fla.
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Saitoh BY, Tanaka E, Yamamoto N, Kruining DV, Iinuma K, Nakamuta Y, Yamaguchi H, Yamasaki R, Matsumoto K, Kira JI. Early postnatal allergic airway inflammation induces dystrophic microglia leading to excitatory postsynaptic surplus and autism-like behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:362-380. [PMID: 33862170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play key roles in synaptic pruning, which primarily occurs from the postnatal period to adolescence. Synaptic pruning is essential for normal brain development and its impairment is implicated in neuropsychiatric developmental diseases such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Recent epidemiological surveys reported a strong link between ASD and atopic/allergic diseases. However, few studies have experimentally investigated the relationship between allergy and ASD-like manifestations, particularly in the early postnatal period, when allergic disorders occur frequently. Therefore, we aimed to characterize how allergic inflammation in the early postnatal period influences microglia and behavior using mouse models of short- and long-term airway allergy. Male mice were immunized by an intraperitoneal injection of aluminum hydroxide and ovalbumin (OVA) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) on postnatal days (P) 3, 7, and 11, followed by intranasal challenge with OVA or phosphate-buffered saline solution twice a week until P30 or P70. In the hippocampus, Iba-1-positive areas, the size of Iba-1-positive microglial cell bodies, and the ramification index of microglia by Sholl analysis were significantly smaller in the OVA group than in the control group on P30 and P70, although Iba-1-positive microglia numbers did not differ significantly between the two groups. In Iba-1-positive cells, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95)-occupied areas and CD68-occupied areas were significantly decreased on P30 and P70, respectively, in the OVA group compared with the control group. Immunoblotting using hippocampal tissues demonstrated that amounts of PSD95, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor 2, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B were significantly increased in the OVA group compared with the control group on P70, and a similar increasing trend for PSD95 was observed on P30. Neurogenesis was not significantly different between the two groups on P30 or P70 by doublecortin immunohistochemistry. The social preference index was significantly lower in the three chamber test and the number of buried marbles was significantly higher in the OVA group than in the control group on P70 but not on P30, whereas locomotion and anxiety were not different between the two groups. Compared with the control group, serum basal corticosterone levels were significantly elevated and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) amounts and nuclear GR translocation in microglia, but not in neurons or astrocytes, were significantly decreased in the OVA group on P70 but not on P30. Gene set enrichment analysis of isolated microglia revealed that genes related to immune responses including Toll-like receptor signaling and chemokine signaling pathways, senescence, and glucocorticoid signaling were significantly upregulated in the OVA group compared with the control group on P30 and P70. These findings suggest that early postnatal allergic airway inflammation induces dystrophic microglia that exhibit defective synaptic pruning upon short- and long-term allergen exposure. Furthermore, long-term allergen exposure induced excitatory postsynaptic surplus and ASD-like behavior. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and the compensatory downregulation of microglial GR during long-term allergic airway inflammation may also facilitate these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban-Yu Saitoh
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eizo Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daan van Kruining
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kyoko Iinuma
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamuta
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Ookawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan; Department of Neurology, Brain and Nerve Center, Fukuoka Central Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 2-6-11 Yakuin, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0022, Japan.
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Kroll JL, Brown ES, Ritz T. Cortisol awakening response and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1150-1153. [PMID: 31161674 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet L Kroll
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - E Sherwood Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Bavishi AA, Grammer LC, Pongracic J, Rychlik K, Kumar R, Zee P, Greenberger PA, Fishbein AB. Diurnal variations in subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy reactions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 118:103-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fishbein AB, Vitaterna O, Haugh IM, Bavishi AA, Zee PC, Turek FW, Sheldon SH, Silverberg JI, Paller AS. Nocturnal eczema: Review of sleep and circadian rhythms in children with atopic dermatitis and future research directions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1170-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Luo QL, Nurahmat M, Li MH, Sun J, Chen MX, Liu F, Wei Y, Dong JC. Pharmacological investigation of a HPLC/MS standardized three herbal extracts containing formulae (Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi-Tang) on airway inflammation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in asthmatic mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1439-1450. [PMID: 25022211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi-Tang (BSYQT) which is prescribed on the basis of clinical experience is commonly used in clinic of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for asthma treatment. The components of BSYQT include Radix Astragali (RA), Herba Epimedii (HE) and Radix Rehmanniae (RR). The aim of this study was to screen extracts of BSYQT with best anti-inflammatory activity in asthmatic mice, and separate and identify the chemical compounds in them. Our results suggested that 60% ethanol extract of herbs (H60) and granules (G60) of BSYQT were the two extracts with best anti-inflammatory activity and effects of H60 were a little better than that of G60. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis of the major chemical compounds of H60 and G60 revealed that 56 and 42 peaks were identified separately in H60 and G60. Further analysis revealed that 38 compounds were identified shared by H60 and G60, and 18 compounds were only in H60. There were 25 compounds in HE, 6 compounds in RR and 7 compounds in RA in the 38 compounds shared by G60 and H60. These 38 chemical components were tentatively considered the material basis of the anti-inflammatory activity of G60 and H60. The differences in the amount of the 38 chemical components as well as the 18 chemical components only in H60 were tentatively considered responsible for the activity differences between H60 and G60. In conclusion, these results suggested that extracts of BSYQT had inhibitory effects on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice, and H60 and G60 demonstrated the best anti-inflammatory activity. The 38 chemical compounds shared by H60 and G60 were responsible for their anti-inflammatory activity in asthmatic mice, and the differences in chemical compounds contents and amounts between H60 and G60 were responsible for this activity differences. This work would provide support for further pharmacodynamic material basis study of BSYQT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Luo
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - M Nurahmat
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Xinjiang Uygur Medical College, 370 West Beijing Road, Hotan, Xinjiang, China
| | - M H Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - M X Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Y Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - J C Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Conn KM, Swanson D, McQuaid E, Douthit K, Fisher SG. The relationship between helplessness and the child's asthma symptoms: the role of social support. J Asthma 2014; 52:135-45. [PMID: 25212630 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2014.952437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Objectives of this study were to survey parents and children independently regarding feelings of helplessness specific to asthma and to examine the relationship between helplessness and the child's symptom-free days. METHODS Parent-child dyads (children 7-12 years) from Rochester, NY were enrolled (November 2011-August 2012) from general pediatric clinics, pulmonary clinics, an Emergency Department, and area youth and asthma programs. Assessments included demographics, symptoms, ratings of helplessness related to asthma and parent social support. A multivariate linear regression was conducted to examine the relationship between feelings of helplessness and symptoms-free days: post hoc analysis assessed the moderating role of social support. RESULTS Overall, 107 parent-child dyads enrolled (participation rate: 72%); 104 were included in analysis. Most children were male (58%), 7-9 years (58%) and White (46%). The child's feelings of helplessness scores were positively correlated with symptom-free days indicating less feelings of helplessness as symptom-free days increased (rs = 0.273, p = 0.01). In a stratified analysis, among parents who reported minimal social support (<1 sources of support), child's helplessness scores were positively correlated with symptom-free days (rs = 0.335, p = 0.02). Conversely, among parents reporting >2 supports, no relationship was found (rs = 0.195, p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS This study found less feelings of helplessness among children with asthma as symptom-free days increased. Social support appears to moderate this relationship; however further studies to confirm these findings are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Conn
- University of Rochester Warner School Rochester , New York , USA
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Abstract
Currently, chromatography (GC but more commonly HPLC) is the analytical method of choice for several hormones, either because the immunoassays suffer from extensive crossreactivity or because chromatography permits simultaneous measurements of hormones. However, sometimes the conventional detection systems with HPLC methods do not meet desired specificity. With the increase of robust and affordable LC–MS/MS systems, the next step forward in specificity was taken. LC–MS/MS is rapidly being incorporated in the endocrine laboratories. To be useful in the clinical diagnostic practice, it is of utmost importance that methods are both analytically and clinically vaidated, as until now, the majority of applications of LC–MS/MS in the clinical laboratories are ‘home-made’ methods, therefore special case must be taken. This review aims to focus on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute or comparable validated LC–MS/MS methods for targeted hormone analysis used for diagnostic purposes in human samples, published in the last 5 years.
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Chung DH, Lee KH, Kim SW, Shin SY, Cho JS. Comparison of pre- and post-operative stress levels in patients with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 269:2355-9. [PMID: 22331256 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-1946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of stressful events, such as surgery, on patients with allergic diseases are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) are more susceptible to stress and oxidative stress than non-allergic individuals. 20 AR patients and 20 non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) patients were recruited to this study and underwent nasal septoplasty. To evaluate the degrees of stress and oxidative stress, we collected urine and blood samples 1 day before and 1 day after surgery. Stress was assessed by measuring urine cortisol levels. Oxidative stress was assessed by calculating the balance of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) measured by the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites test, and antioxidant capacity (AC) was measured by the biological antioxidant potential test. In both groups, the level of post-operative urine cortisol was significantly higher than the pre-operative level, with no significant difference between the two groups. ROM levels were significantly higher in both groups after surgery than before surgery. The antioxidant capacity of the AR group was lower after surgery than before surgery, while it was greater in the NAR group after surgery. There were no significant differences in pre- or post-operative ROM or AC levels between the two groups. The ROM/AC ratio was significantly higher after surgery in the AR group than it was in the NAR group. The post-operative ROM/AC imbalance of AR patients suggests that these patients might be vulnerable to stress, especially oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Han Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Stenius F, Borres M, Bottai M, Lilja G, Lindblad F, Pershagen G, Scheynius A, Swartz J, Theorell T, Alm J. Salivary cortisol levels and allergy in children: The ALADDIN birth cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:1335-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Simultaneous measurement of endogenous cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in nails by use of UPLC–MS–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1153-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Bakkeheim E, Mowinckel P, Carlsen KH, Burney P, Lødrup Carlsen KC. Reduced basal salivary cortisol in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:1705-11. [PMID: 19912147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Reduced basal cortisol is reported in allergic disease. We investigated if basal salivary cortisol levels were reduced in children with asthma or allergic rhinitis, controlling for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) use. METHODS Morning and evening saliva of asthmatic children aged 7-12 years (n = 50) and that of controls (n = 52) were sampled. A total of 19 asthmatics and four controls had allergic rhinitis. Healthy children were controls without rhinitis. Of all, 14 asthmatic children used low, and 12 used moderate or high doses of ICS. Cortisol was analysed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Morning salivary cortisol median (95% CI) was lower in asthmatics (8.7 (7.1, 9.7)) compared with that in controls (10.4 (9.6, 11.8); p = 0.006), which was similar for evening cortisol levels. Regression analyses demonstrated that asthmatics using moderate or high doses of ICS had reduced morning salivary cortisol adjusted (for age and gender) odds ratio (aOR) (95% CI) (0.54 (0.37, 0.80); p = 0.002) and reduced evening cortisol aOR (0.09 (0.01, 0.6); p = 0.02) compared with that in healthy children. Asthmatics with rhinitis on no or low doses of ICS had reduced morning cortisol aOR (0.73 (0.56, 0.96); p = 0.02) compared with that in healthy children. CONCLUSION Asthmatic children on moderate or high doses of inhaled corticosteroids had reduced salivary cortisol, but co-morbidity of asthma and rhinitis was also associated with reduced cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bakkeheim
- Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Lowder T, Dugger K, Deshane J, Estell K, Schwiebert LM. Repeated bouts of aerobic exercise enhance regulatory T cell responses in a murine asthma model. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:153-9. [PMID: 19781626 PMCID: PMC2787986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported previously that moderate intensity aerobic exercise training attenuates airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. Recent studies implicate regulatory T (Treg) cells in decreasing asthma-related airway inflammation; as such, the current study examined the effect of exercise on Treg cell function in a murine asthma model. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) prior to the start of exercise training at a moderate intensity 3x/week for 4weeks; exercise was performed as treadmill running (13.5m/min, 0% grade). Mice were OVA challenged repeatedly throughout the exercise protocol. At protocol completion, mice were analyzed for changes in the number and suppressive function of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells isolated from lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and spleens. Results show that exercise increased significantly the number of Foxp3(+) cells within the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes, but not the spleens, of OVA-treated mice as compared with sedentary controls. Exercise also enhanced the suppression function of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells derived from OVA-treated mice as compared with sedentary controls. Specifically, Treg cells from exercised, OVA-treated mice more effectively suppressed CD4(+)CD25(-) cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine production in vitro. Enhanced suppression was associated with increased protein levels of TGF-beta and lesser amounts of IL-10 and IL-17; however, blocking TGF-beta had no effect on suppressive functions. These data demonstrate that exercise-mediated increases in Treg cell function may play a role in the attenuation of airway inflammation. Further, these results indicate that moderate intensity aerobic exercise training may alter the Treg cell function within the asthmatic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lowder
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kari Dugger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessy Deshane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kim Estell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lisa M. Schwiebert
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Van Hove CL, Maes T, Joos GF, Tournoy KG. Chronic inflammation in asthma: a contest of persistence vs resolution. Allergy 2008; 63:1095-109. [PMID: 18616676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have highlighted that endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators and immune regulating mechanisms are important for the resolution of inflammatory processes. A disruption of these mechanisms can be causally related not only to the initiation of unnecessary inflammation, but also to the persistence of several chronic inflammatory diseases. In asthma, chronic Th-2 driven eosinophilic inflammation of the airways is one of the central abnormalities. To date, elucidating the role of the different pro-inflammatory mediators involved in orchestrating the inflammatory processes in asthma has been the subject of intense research in both humans and animal models. However, the counter-regulatory mechanisms that co-determine the outcome in the contest of resolution vs persistence of the eosinophilic airway inflammation remain poorly understood. These are currently being investigated in animal models of chronic asthma. Elucidating these mechanisms is of relevance, since it can give rise to a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of chronic airway inflammation in asthmatics. This novel concept of treatment involves the stimulation of endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways, rather than solely antagonising the various pro-inflammatory mediators. Here, we review and discuss the current knowledge about these endogenous anti-inflammatory mediators in clinical and experimental asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Van Hove
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Cuzzocrea S, Bruscoli S, Mazzon E, Crisafulli C, Donato V, Di Paola R, Velardi E, Esposito E, Nocentini G, Riccardi C. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Contributes to the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Glucocorticoids. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:323-337. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.041475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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19
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Ahn RS, Lee YJ, Choi JY, Kwon HB, Chun SI. Salivary cortisol and DHEA levels in the Korean population: age-related differences, diurnal rhythm, and correlations with serum levels. Yonsei Med J 2007; 48:379-88. [PMID: 17594144 PMCID: PMC2628086 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.3.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to examine the changes of basal cortisol and DHEA levels present in saliva and serum with age, and to determine the correlation coefficients of steroid concentrations between saliva and serum. The secondary objective was to obtain a standard diurnal rhythm of salivary cortisol and DHEA in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the first objective, saliva and blood samples were collected between 10 and 11 AM from 359 volunteers ranging from 21 to 69 years old (167 men and 192 women). For the second objective, four saliva samples (post-awakening, 11 AM, 4 PM, and bedtime) were collected throughout a day from 78 volunteers (42 women and 36 men) ranging from 20 to 40 years old. Cortisol and DHEA levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS The morning cortisol and DHEA levels, and the age- related steroid decline patterns were similar in both genders. Serum cortisol levels significantly decreased around forty years of age (p < 0.001, when compared with people in their 20s), and linear regression analysis with age showed a significant declining pattern (slope=-2.29, t=-4.297, p < 0.001). However, salivary cortisol levels did not change significantly with age, but showed a tendency towards decline (slope=-0.0078, t=-0.389, p=0.697). The relative cortisol ratio of serum to saliva was 3.4-4.5% and the ratio increased with age (slope=0.051, t=3.61, p < 0.001). DHEA levels also declined with age in saliva (slope=-0.007, t=-3.76, p < 0.001) and serum (slope=-0.197 t=-4.88, p < 0.001). In particular, DHEA levels in saliva and serum did not start to significantly decrease until ages in the 40s, but then decreased significantly further at ages in the 50s (p < 0.001, when compared with the 40s age group) and 60s (p < 0.001, when compared with the 50 age group). The relative DHEA ratio of serum to saliva was similar throughout the ages examined (slop=0.0016, t=0.344, p=0.73). On the other hand, cortisol and DHEA levels in saliva reflected well those in serum (r=0.59 and 0.86, respectively, p < 0.001). The highest salivary cortisol levels appeared just after awakening (about two fold higher than the 11 AM level), decreased throughout the day, and reached the lowest levels at bedtime (p < 0.001, when compared with PM cortisol levels). The highest salivary DHEA levels also appeared after awakening (about 1.5 fold higher than the 11 AM level) and decreased by 11 AM (p < 0.001). DHEA levels did not decrease further until bedtime (p=0.11, when compared with PM DHEA levels). CONCLUSION This study showed that cortisol and DHEA levels change with age and that the negative slope of DHEA was steeper than that of cortisol in saliva and serum. As the cortisol and DHEA levels in saliva reflected those in serum, the measurement of steroid levels in saliva provide a useful and practical tool to evaluate adrenal functions, which are essential for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryun-Sup Ahn
- Graduate School of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Pochon CHA Medical University, 605 Yuksam-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-913, Korea
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20
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Höglund CO, Axén J, Kemi C, Jernelöv S, Grunewald J, Müller-Suur C, Smith Y, Grönneberg R, Eklund A, Stierna P, Lekander M. Changes in immune regulation in response to examination stress in atopic and healthy individuals. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 36:982-92. [PMID: 16911354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress can aggravate the allergic inflammation, but determinants of disturbed immune regulation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine systemic immunological, local inflammatory and functional airway responses to stress in healthy and atopic individuals. METHODS Forty-one undergraduate students, 22 with allergy of whom 16 had asthma, and 19 healthy controls, were studied in a low-stress period and in association with a large exam. Subjects completed questionnaires on stress and health behaviours, underwent lung function tests, bronchial methacholine challenge, measurements of exhaled nitric oxide and urine cortisol. Blood cells were phenotyped, and cytokines from mononuclear blood cells were analysed. RESULTS Perceived stress and anxiety increased in both groups during the exam period while cortisol increased only in the atopy group. Cytokine production decreased broadly in response to stress in both groups, which was paralleled by an increase in the proportion of regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD25(bright)). Interestingly, atopic individuals, but not controls, reacted with a decreased T-helper type 1/T-helper type 2 (Th1/Th2) ratio and a decrease in natural killer (NK) cell numbers in response to stress. In control subjects only, exhaled nitric oxide decreased and forced expiratory volume in one second increased during stress. CONCLUSION Atopic and non-atopic subjects shared some immune changes in response to stress, such as a dramatic decline in cytokines and an increase in the number of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood. However, other stress-induced immune changes were unique to atopic individuals, such as a skewed Th1/Th2 ratio and reduced NK cell numbers, indicating that some pathogenic mechanisms in atopics may be more strongly affected by stress than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Olgart Höglund
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Kalogeromitros D, Syrigou EKI, Makris M, Kempuraj D, Stavrianeas NG, Vasiadi M, Theoharides TC. Nasal provocation of patients with allergic rhinitis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007; 98:269-73. [PMID: 17378259 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is a common problem involving activation of nasal mast cells and irritability. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is stimulated in cases of emotional or environmental stress, and mast cells have been implicated in stress-induced immune responses. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether intranasal challenge of patients allergic to a single antigen would stimulate the HPA axis. METHODS Plasma corticotropin and cortisol levels were measured 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 minutes after intranasal antigen administration in healthy volunteers (n=3) and in patients with rhinitis who are allergic to Parietaria (n=10). RESULTS Mean +/- SD corticotropin levels were 24.43 +/- 14.38 pg/mL in patients compared with 8.83 + 5.02 pg/mL in controls, and this increase was statistically significant (P = .049). Patient cortisol levels also increased to a mean +/- SD of 8.87 +/- 4.90 pg/mL (at 40 minutes) compared with 4.36 +/- 1.72 pg/mL in controls (P = .11 due to 1 outlier). Compared with individual patient prechallenge levels, corticotropin levels increased in 7 patients and cortisol levels increased in 5 at 40 minutes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that allergic rhinitis may activate the HPA axis. A larger study with additional controls is required for definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Kalogeromitros
- Allergy Clinical Research Center, Allergy Section, Attikon Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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22
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Novac N, Baus D, Dostert A, Heinzel T. Competition between glucocorticoid receptor and NFκB for control of the human FasL promoter. FASEB J 2006; 20:1074-81. [PMID: 16770006 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-5457com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids mediate a variety of biological effects via binding their intracellular receptor. Ligand-bound glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translocates to the nucleus and regulates gene transcription in a DNA binding-dependent or independent manner. The predominant biological effect of glucocorticoids on peripheral T cells is immunosupression via transcriptional repression of genes induced during T cell activation. Glucocorticoids have been implicated in the inhibition of activation-induced T cell apoptosis by virtue of their down-regulation of Fas ligand (fasL) expression. It is believed that FasL, similar to other cytokines, is repressed by glucocorticoids via GR interaction with other transcription factors, interfering with their transactivation ability. Here, we show that human fasL is directly regulated by GR in a DNA binding-dependent manner. A negative GR element found at position -990 in the fasL promoter binds GR in vitro as well as in the chromatin context. This negative glucocorticoid response element overlaps with a known NFkappaB binding site. GR down-regulates fasL promoter by competing with NFkappaB for binding to the common response element. Thus, fasL is the first gene described whose repression by GR is mediated by sterical occlusion of NFkappaB DNA binding. This type of repression represents an additional mechanism for the GR-NFkappaB mutual antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Novac
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Biomedical Research, Frankfurt, Germany
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23
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Ball TM. Cortisol circadian rhythms and stress responses in infants at risk of allergic disease. Neuroimmunomodulation 2006; 13:294-300. [PMID: 17709951 DOI: 10.1159/000104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function associated with allergic disease has generally been thought to be secondary to the stress of chronic disease. However, recent studies suggest that altered cortisol circadian rhythm and cortisol stress hyper-responsiveness precede the inception of allergic disease and are possible links between preventive factors associated with the hygiene hypothesis and the development of allergies. Elevated endogenous cortisol responses to stressful stimuli could predispose susceptible hosts to atopy and allergic disease by biasing the developing immune system to a T helper 2-predominant immune response, greater total and allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E responses, and/or inhibition of peripheral immune tolerance. Because glucocorticoid receptors are present throughout the human body and many genes contain glucocorticoid response elements, variances in endogenous cortisol concentrations could have an impact on the phenotypic plasticity of a wide range of immunologically active genes during early human immune development. Here, recent findings related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in infants predisposed to developing allergic disease are discussed along with speculation regarding the potential causal role of endogenous cortisol in the inception of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Ball
- Department of Pediatrics and Steele Memorial Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, USA.
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24
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Pastva A, Estell K, Schoeb TR, Schwiebert LM. RU486 blocks the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in a murine model of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2005; 19:413-22. [PMID: 15922554 PMCID: PMC2891236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ovalbumin (OVA)-driven murine model of allergic pulmonary inflammation, we have shown previously that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training attenuates inflammatory responses, disease progression, and NF-kappaB activation within the sensitized lung. Glucocorticoids (GCs), potent anti-inflammatory agents, have been shown to alter transcriptional events that are important in asthmatic pathogenesis, such as NF-kappaB activation. Notably, exercise training can alter the production and signaling capacity of endogenous GCs. Because GCs exert their anti-inflammatory effects through binding to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), we examined the role of the GR in facilitating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. Results show that, in exercised OVA-sensitized mice, treatment with the GR antagonist RU486 blocked the exercise-induced reductions in cellular infiltration of the airways (p < .05), KC and soluble VCAM-1 protein levels in the bronchoalveloar lavage fluid (p < .05), and NF-kappaB translocation and DNA binding within the lung to levels similar to those observed in sedentary OVA-sensitized mice. Importantly, RU486 treatment also blocked exercise-induced increases in GR nuclear translocation to the levels seen in sensitized control mice. Together, these results suggest that GR nuclear translocation and NF-kappaB activation play roles in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in allergen-mediated lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pastva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
| | - Kim Estell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
| | - Trenton R. Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
| | - Lisa M. Schwiebert
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
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25
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Wamboldt MZ, Laudenslager M, Wamboldt FS, Kelsay K, Hewitt J. Adolescents with atopic disorders have an attenuated cortisol response to laboratory stress. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:509-14. [PMID: 12642830 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with allergic disorders have been noted to have variations in cortisol patterns under natural conditions as well as a differential cortisol response to stress. OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study was to examine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis differences in atopic adolescents. METHODS Subjects were a community sample of 202 adolescents (52% male; mean age, 16.2 years). Atopic status was determined by skin testing and clinical history. Saliva samples for cortisol assay were obtained 4 times during a "typical day" and at 4 time points during laboratory procedures. RESULTS One third of the sample (33%) had a clinical atopic disorder, primarily allergic rhinitis; 39% had positive skin test results without clinical symptoms; and 27% had no signs or symptoms of allergic disorders. There were no significant effects of atopic status on home cortisol patterns. Presence of clinical atopy was significantly (P <.05) associated with lower cortisol levels in response to laboratory stressors. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with a history of atopic illnesses had an attenuated cortisol response to the stress of laboratory procedures compared with adolescents with positive skin test results alone or nonatopic adolescents. An attenuated cortisol response to a stressor may help us understand the link between stress and exacerbation of atopic illness.
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26
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Fineman SM. Comorbid associations with allergy: expanding our observational capabilities. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002; 89:435-6. [PMID: 12452197 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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