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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wei F. Research progress on the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza a virus. Virulence 2024; 15:2359470. [PMID: 38918890 PMCID: PMC11210920 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2359470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is the leading cause of highly contagious respiratory infections, which poses a serious threat to public health. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is encoded by segment 8 of IAV genome and is expressed in high levels in host cells upon IAV infection. It is the determinant of virulence and has multiple functions by targeting type Ι interferon (IFN-I) and type III interferon (IFN-III) production, disrupting cell apoptosis and autophagy in IAV-infected cells, and regulating the host fitness of influenza viruses. This review will summarize the current research on the NS1 including the structure and related biological functions of the NS1 as well as the interaction between the NS1 and host cells. It is hoped that this will provide some scientific basis for the prevention and control of the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Fanhua Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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2
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Song W, Bian WJ, Li H, Guo QH, Wang J, Tang B, Zhang JY, Wei W, Liu XR, Liao WP, Li B, He N. IFIH1 variants are associated with generalised epilepsy preceded by febrile seizures. J Med Genet 2024; 61:895-903. [PMID: 38964834 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFIH1 variants have been reported to be associated with immune-related disorders with/without seizures. It is unknown whether IFIH1 variants are associated with common epilepsy without acquired causes and the mechanism underlying phenotypic variation remains elusive. METHODS Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed on patients with febrile seizures or epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. Previously reported variants were systematically reviewed to investigate genotype-phenotype associations. RESULTS Two de novo heterozygous and three biallelic missense variants were identified in five patients with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The variants were predicted to be damaging by in silico tools and were associated with hydrogen bonding changes to neighbouring amino acids or decreased protein stability. Patients exhibited an early onset age and became seizure-free with favourable outcome. Further analysis revealed that de novo missense variants located in the Hel region resulted in seizures with multiple neurological abnormalities, while those in the pincer domain or C-terminal domain led to seizures with normal neurodevelopment, suggesting a sub-molecular effect. Biallelic missense variants, which were inherited from unaffected parents and presented low allele frequencies in general populations, were associated with seizures without neurological abnormalities. Truncation variants were related to refractory epilepsy and severe developmental delay, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. IFIH1 is predominantly expressed in the neonatal stage and decreases dramatically in the adulthood, which is consistent with the early onset age and favourable outcome of the patients. CONCLUSIONS IFIH1 variants are potentially associated with generalised epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures. The sub-molecular implication and genotype-phenotype association help explain phenotype variations of IFIH1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Song
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jun Bian
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, The Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na He
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu Y, Hou D, Chen W, Lu X, Komaniecki GP, Xu Y, Yu T, Zhang SM, Linder ME, Lin H. MAVS Cys508 palmitoylation promotes its aggregation on the mitochondrial outer membrane and antiviral innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403392121. [PMID: 39141356 PMCID: PMC11348129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403392121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine palmitoylation or S-palmitoylation catalyzed by the ZDHHC family of acyltransferases regulates the biological function of numerous mammalian proteins as well as viral proteins. However, understanding of the role of S-palmitoylation in antiviral immunity against RNA viruses remains very limited. The adaptor protein MAVS forms functionally essential prion-like aggregates upon activation by viral RNA-sensing RIG-I-like receptors. Here, we identify that MAVS, a C-terminal tail-anchored mitochondrial outer membrane protein, is S-palmitoylated by ZDHHC7 at Cys508, a residue adjacent to the tail-anchor transmembrane helix. Using superresolution microscopy and other biochemical techniques, we found that the mitochondrial localization of MAVS at resting state mainly depends on its transmembrane tail-anchor, without regulation by Cys508 S-palmitoylation. However, upon viral infection, MAVS S-palmitoylation stabilizes its aggregation on the mitochondrial outer membrane and thus promotes subsequent propagation of antiviral signaling. We further show that inhibition of MAVS S-palmitoylation increases the host susceptibility to RNA virus infection, highlighting the importance of S-palmitoylation in the antiviral innate immunity. Also, our results indicate ZDHHC7 as a potential therapeutic target for MAVS-related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Dan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Wenzhe Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | | | - Yilai Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Sophia M. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Maurine E. Linder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
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Guney MH, Nagalekshmi K, McCauley SM, Carbone C, Aydemir O, Luban J. IFIH1 (MDA5) is required for innate immune detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404349121. [PMID: 38985764 PMCID: PMC11260138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404349121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus activates type 1 interferon in primary human blood cells, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. To identify the innate immune receptor required for detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus, a loss-of-function screen was performed with short hairpin RNA-expressing lentivectors targeting twenty-one candidate genes in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Among the candidate genes tested, only knockdown of XPO1 (CRM1), IFIH1 (MDA5), or MAVS prevented activation of the interferon-stimulated gene ISG15. The importance of IFIH1 protein was demonstrated by rescue of the knockdown with nontargetable IFIH1 coding sequence. Inhibition of HIV-1-induced ISG15 by the IFIH1-specific Nipah virus V protein, and by IFIH1-transdominant 2-CARD domain-deletion or phosphomimetic point mutations, indicates that IFIH1 (MDA5) filament formation, dephosphorylation, and association with MAVS are all required for innate immune activation in response to HIV-1 transduction. Since both IFIH1 (MDA5) and DDX58 (RIG-I) signal via MAVS, the specificity of HIV-1 RNA detection by IFIH1 was demonstrated by the fact that DDX58 knockdown had no effect on activation. RNA-Seq showed that IFIH1 knockdown in dendritic cells globally disrupted the induction of IFN-stimulated genes by HIV-1. Finally, specific enrichment of unspliced HIV-1 RNA by IFIH1 (MDA5), over two orders of magnitude, was revealed by formaldehyde cross-linking immunoprecipitation (f-CLIP). These results demonstrate that IFIH1 is the innate immune receptor for intron-containing RNA from the HIV-1 provirus and that IFIH1 potentially contributes to chronic inflammation in people living with HIV-1, even in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Hakan Guney
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Karthika Nagalekshmi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Sean Matthew McCauley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Ozkan Aydemir
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02139
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA02115
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Ito F, Yang H, Zhou ZH, Chen XS. Structural basis for polyuridine tract recognition by SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15. Protein Cell 2024; 15:547-552. [PMID: 38613382 PMCID: PMC11214832 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ito
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, United States
| | - Hanjing Yang
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, United States
| | - Xiaojiang S Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Genetic, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Center of Excellence in NanoBiophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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Wang G, Xue T, Zheng Q, Song X, Zhang Y, Shen F, Wang X, Jiang W, Kuai L, Xie S, Ma X, Chen X, Li B. Qinzhuliangxue mixture ameliorates psoriasis by restraining apoptosis in psoriasis via downregulating the MDA-5 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118059. [PMID: 38508430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoriasis is characterized by hyperkeratosis that produces the classic silvery scales, and the pathogenesis of psoriasis involves abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. Emerging evidence supports that apoptosis regulates keratinocyte proliferation and formation of stratum corneum, which maintains the homeostasis of the skin. Qinzhuliangxue mixture (QZLX) is a representative formula for the treatment of psoriasis, which was earliest recorded in the classic Chinese medicine book Xia's Surgery. In our previous clinical studies, QZLX demonstrated 83.33% efficacy with few side effects in the treatment of psoriasis. Furthermore, our published basic research has also proved that the QZLX mixture effectively inhibits the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, thus exerting therapeutic effects on psoriasis. However, whether QZLX mixture can regulate keratinocytes apoptosis requires further clarification. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of QZLX in the treatment of psoriasis from the perspective of keratinocyte apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, psoriasis-like mice with imiquimod (IMQ)-induced were given QZLX intragastric administration and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores were recored for 11 consecutive days to appraise the efficacy. Then, tissue samples were collected for transcriptome analysis. The DEseq2 method detected significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway databases were used to analyze the functions and pathway enrichment of DEGs. After that, the therapeutic mechanisms of QZLX in intervening with psoriasis were explored using TUNEL, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. RESULTS QZLX ameliorated the symptoms and pathological characteristics of IMQ-induced psoriasis in mice. The epidermal cell hyperplasia in the skin was inhibited, in accordance with the suppressed expression of PCNA and Ki67 after treatment. Transcriptome sequencing showed that melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 (MDA-5) was downregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the signaling pathways indicated that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in apoptosis pathways. Besides, QZLX treatment decreased the apoptosis of keratinocyte as shown by reduced TUNEL-positive cells. As MDA-5 protein levels decreased, so did the expression of the downstream protein Caspase-8, which indicates that the apoptotic pathway was triggered. Furthermore, QZLX therapy might also help to balance the apoptotic Bcl-2 family expression. CONCLUSION QZLX restrains the apoptosis of keratinocyte in psoriasis-like mice by downregulating the MDA-5 pathway. The restoration of the balance between cell apoptosis and proliferation in the skin may lead to considerable psoriasis relief. Our study reveals the possible molecular processes behind the effects of QZLX therapy on the skin lesions of psoriasis, and lends support to its clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomi Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Tingting Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China; China Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaoqiong Xie
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China; China Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Okamoto M, Zaizen Y, Kaieda S, Nouno T, Koga T, Matama G, Mitsuoka M, Akiba J, Yamada S, Kato H, Hoshino T. Soluble form of the MDA5 protein in human sera. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31727. [PMID: 38845920 PMCID: PMC11153190 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is sensed by toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), including melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). MDA5 recognizes the genome of dsRNA viruses and replication intermediates of single-stranded RNA viruses. MDA5 also plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and type I diabetes. Patients with dermatomyositis with serum MDA5 autoantibodies (anti-CADM-140) are known to have a high risk of developing rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and poor prognosis. However, there have been no reports on the soluble form of MDA5 in human serum. In the present study, we generated in-house monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human MDA5. We then performed immunohistochemical analysis and sensitive sandwich immunoassays to detect the MDA5 protein using two different mAbs (clones H27 and H46). As per the immunohistochemical analysis, the MDA5 protein was moderately expressed in the alveolar epithelia of normal lungs and was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of lymphoid cells in the tonsils and acinar cells of the pancreas. Interestingly, soluble MDA5 protein was detectable in the serum, but not in the urine, of healthy donors. Soluble MDA5 protein was also detectable in the serum of patients with dermatomyositis. Immunoblot analysis showed that human cells expressed a 120 kDa MDA5 protein, while the 60 kDa MDA5 protein increased in the supernatant of peripheral mononuclear cells within 15 min after MDA5 agonist/double-strand RNA stimulation. Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry revealed that an anti-MDA5 mAb (clone H46) bound to the epitope (415QILENSLLNL424) derived from the helicase domain of MDA5. These results indicate that a soluble MDA5 protein containing the helicase domain of MDA5 could be rapidly released from the cytoplasm of tissues after RNA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okamoto
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Zaizen
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kaieda
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Nouno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takuma Koga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Goushi Matama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mitsuoka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
- National Cancer Institute (NCI) – Frederick, 1050 Boyles St, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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Ishibashi HK, Nakamura Y, Saruga T, Imaizumi T, Kurose A, Kawaguchi S, Seya K, Sasaki E, Ishibashi Y. TLR3 signaling-induced interferon-stimulated gene 56 plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10122. [PMID: 38881847 PMCID: PMC11176439 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RFLS) have an important role in the inflammatory pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is upregulated in RFLS; its activation leads to the production of interferon-β (IFN-β), a type I IFN. IFN-stimulated gene 56 (ISG56) is induced by IFN and is involved in innate immune responses; however, its role in RA remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TLR3-induced ISG56 in human RFLS. RFLS were treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), which served as a TLR3 ligand. ISG56, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) expression were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that ISG56 was expressed in synovial tissues of patients with RA and osteoarthritis. Under poly I:C treatment, ISG56 was upregulated in RFLS. In addition, we found that the type I IFN-neutralizing antibody mixture suppressed ISG56 expression. ISG56 knockdown decreased CXCL10 expression and MDA5 knockdown decreased ISG56 expression. In addition, we found that ISG56 was strongly expressed in the synovial cells of patients with RA. TLR3 signaling induced ISG56 expression in RFLS and type I IFN was involved in ISG56 expression. ISG56 was also found to be associated with CXCL10 expression, suggesting that ISG56 may be involved in TLR3/type I IFN/CXCL10 axis, and play a role in RA synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kristi Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Saruga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Akira Kurose
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Eiji Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Rizk SK, Farag AGA, El-Ghlban S, Eldin Metwally IS. Identifying the association between polymorphisms in the GZMB and IFIH1 genes and psoriasis in Egyptians. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:189-209. [PMID: 38733267 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2352496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine whether the genetic variants in the genes for Granzyme B (GZMB) and Interferon Induced with Helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) were associated with psoriasis. BACKGROUND Psoriasis, a papulosquamous skin disease, was initially thought of as a disorder primarily of epidermal keratinocytes but is now recognized as one of the most common immune-mediated disorders. It is caused by the interplay between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This case-control study has 65 participants with psoriasis and 65 healthy controls. Real-time PCR was used to genotype GZMB (rs8192917) and IFIH1 (rs35667974). RESULTS Genotype occurrence and allelic spreading for both SNPs are in Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype and allele distributions of rs35667974 showed no differences between the studied groups. Regarding rs8192917, compared to Group II, there is a statistically significant rise in the CC genotype and C allele in Group I. Higher PASI scores are detected in the C/C and C/T genotypes more than the T/T genotype. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that BMI, catalase, MDA, and rs8192917 (C/C) are associated with psoriasis. CONCLUSION GZMB rs8192917 was significantly related to psoriasis risk; its C allele is likewise associated with psoriasis vulnerability. However, our investigation found no link between rs35667974 and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kamal Rizk
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Samah El-Ghlban
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Adams CS, Kim H, Burtner AE, Lee DS, Dobbins C, Criswell C, Coventry B, Kim HM, King NP. De novo design of protein minibinder agonists of TLR3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.17.589973. [PMID: 38659926 PMCID: PMC11042314 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) is a pattern recognition receptor that initiates antiviral immune responses upon binding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Several nucleic acid-based TLR3 agonists have been explored clinically as vaccine adjuvants in cancer and infectious disease, but present substantial manufacturing and formulation challenges. Here, we use computational protein design to create novel miniproteins that bind to human TLR3 with nanomolar affinities. Cryo-EM structures of two minibinders in complex with TLR3 reveal that they bind the target as designed, although one partially unfolds due to steric competition with a nearby N-linked glycan. Multimeric forms of both minibinders induce NF-κB signaling in TLR3-expressing cell lines, demonstrating that they may have therapeutically relevant biological activity. Our work provides a foundation for the development of specific, stable, and easy-to-formulate protein-based agonists of TLRs and other pattern recognition receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S. Adams
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, South Korea
| | - Abigail E. Burtner
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Dong Sun Lee
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, South Korea
| | - Craig Dobbins
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Cameron Criswell
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Brian Coventry
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Neil P. King
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
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11
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Xu C, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Huang J, Ou X, Sun D, He Y, Wu Z, Wu Y, Zhang S, Tian B, Zhao X, Liu M, Zhu D, Jia R, Chen S. Multiple functions of the nonstructural protein 3D in picornavirus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365521. [PMID: 38629064 PMCID: PMC11018997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
3D polymerase, also known as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is encoded by all known picornaviruses, and their structures are highly conserved. In the process of picornavirus replication, 3D polymerase facilitates the assembly of replication complexes and directly catalyzes the synthesis of viral RNA. The nuclear localization signal carried by picornavirus 3D polymerase, combined with its ability to interact with other viral proteins, viral RNA and cellular proteins, indicate that its noncatalytic role is equally important in viral infections. Recent studies have shown that 3D polymerase has multiple effects on host cell biological functions, including inducing cell cycle arrest, regulating host cell translation, inducing autophagy, evading immune responses, and triggering inflammasome formation. Thus, 3D polymerase would be a very valuable target for the development of antiviral therapies. This review summarizes current studies on the structure of 3D polymerase and its regulation of host cell responses, thereby improving the understanding of picornavirus-mediated pathogenesis caused by 3D polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu He
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Yuan X, Shi J, Peng Z, Peng L, Zhou S, Wu C, Zhao J, Xu D, Li M, Wang Q, Zeng X. Global trends in research of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5: a bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2022. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1111-1126. [PMID: 38182800 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), as a cytoplasmic sensor for viral double-stranded RNAs, has received increasing attention in recent years. Although considerable headway has been made on the functional role of MDA5 in antiviral immunity and autoimmune disease, the available literature is insufficient to assess the vast field. METHODS This study performed a bibliometric analysis to investigate current hotspots in the global scientific output of MDA5 over the past two decades. Related publications and recorded information from 2002 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database were retrieved. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for quantitative evaluation and visualization. RESULTS A total of 2267 original articles and reviews were obtained, and the annual number of publications related to MDA5 was increasing rapidly. China has published the most papers, while the USA was the most influential country with the most citations and the highest H-index. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and the Journal of Virology were the most prolific research affiliation, funding source, and journal, respectively. Fujita T (Kyoto University) was the most productive author with the highest H-index and had close cooperation with Kato H and Yoneyama M. The keywords "RIG-I," "MDA5," "innate immunity," "double-stranded-RNA," and "recognition" had the highest frequency, while "dermatomyositis" as well as "autoantibody" seemed to be the emerging hotspots. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively demonstrated the research frontiers of MDA5 and will provide a useful resource for scholars to conduct future decisions. KEY POINTS We conducted the first in-depth survey of the research frontiers on melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) over the past two decades via bibliometric analysis. We found that many early breakthroughs have been made in the mechanism of MDA5-mediated antiviral immune responses, and the role of MDA5 in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases has raised the recent concern. We identified that the virus infection-associated pathogenesis and effective therapeutic strategy of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis will remain the hotspots in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chanyuan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China.
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13
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Goddard AM, Cho MG, Lerner LM, Gupta GP. Mechanisms of Immune Sensing of DNA Damage. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168424. [PMID: 38159716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Genomic stability relies on a multifaceted and evolutionarily conserved DNA damage response (DDR). In multicellular organisms, an integral facet of the DDR involves the activation of the immune system to eliminate cells with persistent DNA damage. Recent research has shed light on a complex array of nucleic acid sensors crucial for innate immune activation in response to oncogenic stress-associated DNA damage, a process vital for suppressing tumor formation. Yet, these immune sensing pathways may also be co-opted to foster tolerance of chromosomal instability, thereby driving cancer progression. This review aims to provide an updated overview of how the innate immune system detects and responds to DNA damage. An improved understanding of the regulatory intricacies governing this immune response may uncover new avenues for cancer prevention and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Goddard
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Min-Guk Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lynn M Lerner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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14
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Yang D, Geng T, Harrison AG, Cahoon JG, Xing J, Jiao B, Wang M, Cheng C, Hill RE, Wang H, Vella AT, Cheng G, Wang Y, Wang P. UBR5 promotes antiviral immunity by disengaging the transcriptional brake on RIG-I like receptors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:780. [PMID: 38278841 PMCID: PMC10817939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) are the major viral RNA sensors essential for the initiation of antiviral immune responses. RLRs are subjected to stringent transcriptional and posttranslational regulations, of which ubiquitination is one of the most important. However, the role of ubiquitination in RLR transcription is unknown. Here, we screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligase knockout cell lines and identify Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 5 (UBR5) as a positive regulator of RLR transcription. UBR5 deficiency reduces antiviral immune responses to RNA viruses, while increases viral replication in primary cells and mice. Ubr5 knockout mice are more susceptible to lethal RNA virus infection than wild type littermates. Mechanistically, UBR5 mediates the Lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of Tripartite Motif Protein 28 (TRIM28), an epigenetic repressor of RLRs. This modification prevents intramolecular SUMOylation of TRIM28, thus disengages the TRIM28-imposed brake on RLR transcription. In sum, UBR5 enables rapid upregulation of RLR expression to boost antiviral immune responses by ubiquitinating and de-SUMOylating TRIM28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jason G Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mark Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert E Hill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4, 2XU, UK
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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15
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Liu S, Xu P. Advancements in tyrosine kinase-mediated regulation of innate nucleic acid sensing. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 53:35-46. [PMID: 38426691 PMCID: PMC10945499 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Innate nucleic acid sensing is a ubiquitous and highly conserved immunological process, which is pivotal for monitoring and responding to pathogenic invasion and cellular damage, and central to host defense, autoimmunity, cell fate determination and tumorigenesis. Tyrosine phosphorylation, a major type of post-translational modification, plays a critical regulatory role in innate immune sensing pathway. Core members of nucleic acid sensing signaling pathway, such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING), and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), are all subject to activity regulation triggered by tyrosine phosphorylation, thereby affecting the host antiviral defense and anti-tumor immunity under physiological or pathological conditions. This review summarizes the recent advances in research on tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphorylation in regulation of nucleic acid sensing. The function and potential applications of targeting tyrosine phosphorylation in anti-tumor immunity is disussed to provide insights for understanding and expanding new anti-tumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengduo Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Ge J, Zhang L. RNF5: inhibiting antiviral immunity and shaping virus life cycle. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1324516. [PMID: 38250078 PMCID: PMC10796512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
RNF5 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in various physiological processes such as protein localization and cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that RNF5 significantly inhibits antiviral innate immunity by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of STING and MAVS, which are essential adaptor proteins, as well as their downstream signal IRF3. The abundance of RNF5 is delicately regulated by both host factors and viruses. Host factors have been found to restrict RNF5-mediated ubiquitination, maintaining the stability of STING or MAVS through distinct mechanisms. Meanwhile, viruses have developed ingenious strategies to hijack RNF5 to ubiquitinate and degrade immune proteins. Moreover, recent studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of RNF5 in the life cycle of various viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and KSHV. Based on these emerging discoveries, RNF5 represents a novel means of modulating antiviral immunity. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the roles of RNF5 in antiviral immunity and virus life cycle. This comprehensive understanding could offer valuable insights into exploring potential therapeutic applications focused on targeting RNF5 during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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17
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Holicek P, Guilbaud E, Klapp V, Truxova I, Spisek R, Galluzzi L, Fucikova J. Type I interferon and cancer. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:115-127. [PMID: 37667466 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is a class of proinflammatory cytokines with a dual role on malignant transformation, tumor progression, and response to therapy. On the one hand, robust, acute, and resolving type I IFN responses have been shown to mediate prominent anticancer effects, reflecting not only their direct cytostatic/cytotoxic activity on (at least some) malignant cells, but also their pronounced immunostimulatory functions. In line with this notion, type I IFN signaling has been implicated in the antineoplastic effects of various immunogenic therapeutics, including (but not limited to) immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). On the other hand, weak, indolent, and non-resolving type I IFN responses have been demonstrated to support tumor progression and resistance to therapy, reflecting the ability of suboptimal type I IFN signaling to mediate cytoprotective activity, promote stemness, favor tolerance to chromosomal instability, and facilitate the establishment of an immunologically exhausted tumor microenvironment. Here, we review fundamental aspects of type I IFN signaling and their context-dependent impact on malignant transformation, tumor progression, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holicek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vanessa Klapp
- Tumor Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Fujiwara Y, Oroku K, Zhou Y, Takahashi M, Katayama T, Wada K, Tsutsumi N, Sato T, Kabuta T. Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-9. [PMID: 38200692 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2291610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a molecular pattern uniquely produced in cells infected with various viruses as a product or byproduct of replication. Cells detect such molecules, which indicate non-self invasion, and induce diverse immune responses to eliminate them. The degradation of virus-derived molecules can also play a role in the removal of pathogens and suppression of their replication. RNautophagy and DNautophagy are cellular degradative pathways in which RNA and DNA are directly imported into a hydrolytic organelle, the lysosome. Two lysosomal membrane proteins, SIDT2 and LAMP2C, mediate nucleic acid uptake via this pathway. Here, we showed that the expression of both SIDT2 and LAMP2C is selectively upregulated during the intracellular detection of poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of dsRNA that mimics viral infection. The upregulation of these two gene products upon poly(I:C) introduction was transient and synchronized. We also observed that the induction of SIDT2 and LAMP2C expression by poly(I:C) was dependent on MDA5, a cytoplasmic innate immune receptor that directly recognizes poly(I:C) and induces various antiviral responses. Finally, we showed that lysosomes can target viral RNA for degradation via RNautophagy and may suppress viral replication. Our results revealed a novel degradative pathway in cells as a downstream component of the innate immune response and provided evidence suggesting that the degradation of viral nucleic acids via RNautophagy/DNautophagy contributes to the suppression of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Fujiwara
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Oroku
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yinping Zhou
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiichi Katayama
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sato
- Research Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kabuta
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Ramos-Martinez E, Rodríguez-Vega EA, Rivera-Matias PA, Falfán-Valencia R, Pérez-Rubio G, Mejia M, González-Pérez MI, Buendia-Roldán I, Mateos-Toledo HN, Serrano JR. Clinical risk factors in patients with interstitial lung disease associated with anti-MDA5 autoantibodies. Med Clin (Barc) 2023; 161:515-522. [PMID: 37567825 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anti-MDA5-associated autoimmune disease represents a poorly understood entity. The study's objectives were to describe a cohort of interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients who were positive for anti-MDA5 autoantibody and identify clinical risk factors associated with survival. METHODS This single-center cohort study included ILD patients positive for anti-MDA5 autoantibody. Baseline clinical features were registered, and survival analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with worse survival. RESULTS Fifty-three ILD-MDA5 positive patients were included; twelve died during follow-up due to rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). Dermatological signs of anti-MDA5 (Gottron papules, Gottron sign, palmar papules, V-neck sign, facial dermatomyositis rashes, and skin ulcers) were strongly associated with death secondary to RP-ILD (HR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.02-13.35). Patients with dermatological signs were younger, had higher anti-MDA5 autoantibodies titers, more frequent inflammatory patterns in HRCT evaluation, and less fibrosis extent in HRCT. CONCLUSION Dermatological manifestation in ILD patients to anti-MDA5 autoantibodies are associated with RP-ILD and short-term fatal outcomes. Dermatological signs may identify a subgroup of ILD-positive to anti-MDA5 patients with a high risk of RP-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espiridión Ramos-Martinez
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México. Mexico
| | - Eric A Rodríguez-Vega
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pedro A Rivera-Matias
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Becario de la Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gloria Pérez-Rubio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mayra Mejia
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Montserrat I González-Pérez
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ivette Buendia-Roldán
- Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Heidegger N Mateos-Toledo
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rojas Serrano
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México. Mexico.
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20
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Guney MH, Nagalekshmi K, McCauley SM, Carbone C, Aydemir O, Luban J. IFIH1 (MDA5) is required for innate immune detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567619. [PMID: 38014177 PMCID: PMC10680824 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 viremia and prevents progression to AIDS. Nonetheless, chronic inflammation is a common problem for people living with HIV-1 on ART. One possible cause of inflammation is ongoing transcription from HIV-1 proviruses, whether or not the sequences are competent for replication. Previous work has shown that intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus in primary human blood cells, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, activates type 1 interferon. This activation required HIV-1 rev and was blocked by the XPO1 (CRM1)-inhibitor leptomycin. To identify the innate immune receptor required for detection of intron-containing RNA expressed from the HIV-1 provirus, a loss-of-function screen was performed with shRNA-expressing lentivectors targeting twenty-one candidate genes in human monocyte derived dendritic cells. Among the candidate genes tested, only knockdown of XPO1 (CRM1), IFIH1 (MDA5), or MAVS prevented activation of the IFN-stimulated gene ISG15. The importance of IFIH1 protein was demonstrated by rescue of the knockdown with non-targetable IFIH1 coding sequence. Inhibition of HIV-1-induced ISG15 by the IFIH1-specific Nipah virus V protein, and by IFIH1-transdominant inhibitory CARD-deletion or phosphomimetic point mutations, indicates that IFIH1 filament formation, dephosphorylation, and association with MAVS, are all required for innate immune activation in response to HIV-1 transduction. Since both IFIH1 and DDX58 (RIG-I) signal via MAVS, the specificity of HIV-1 RNA detection by IFIH1 was demonstrated by the fact that DDX58 knockdown had no effect on activation. RNA-Seq showed that IFIH1-knockdown in dendritic cells globally disrupted the induction of IFN-stimulated genes. Finally, specific enrichment of unspliced HIV-1 RNA by IFIH1 was revealed by formaldehyde crosslinking immunoprecipitation (f-CLIP). These results demonstrate that IFIH1 is required for innate immune activation by intron-containing RNA from the HIV-1 provirus, and potentially contributes to chronic inflammation in people living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Hakan Guney
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Karthika Nagalekshmi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sean Matthew McCauley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ozkan Aydemir
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Sameni M, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Dadashkhan S, Ghani S, Abbasi M, Noori E, Zali H. COVID-19: A novel holistic systems biology approach to predict its molecular mechanisms (in vitro) and repurpose drugs. Daru 2023; 31:155-171. [PMID: 37597114 PMCID: PMC10624792 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 strangely kills some youth with no history of physical weakness, and in addition to the lungs, it may even directly harm other organs. Its complex mechanism has led to the loss of any significantly effective drug, and some patients with severe forms still die daily. Common methods for identifying disease mechanisms and drug design are often time-consuming or reductionist. Here, we use a novel holistic systems biology approach to predict its molecular mechanisms (in vitro), significant molecular relations with SARS, and repurpose drugs. METHODS We have utilized its relative phylogenic similarity to SARS. Using the available omics data for SARS and the fewer data for COVID-19 to decode the mechanisms and their significant relations, We applied the Cytoscape analyzer, MCODE, STRING, and DAVID tools to predict the topographically crucial molecules, clusters, protein interaction mappings, and functional analysis. We also applied a novel approach to identify the significant relations between the two infections using the Fischer exact test for MCODE clusters. We then constructed and analyzed a drug-gene network using PharmGKB and DrugBank (retrieved using the dgidb). RESULTS Some of the shared identified crucial molecules, BPs and pathways included Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, Influenza A, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Besides, our identified crucial molecules specific to host response against SARS-CoV-2 included FGA, BMP4, PRPF40A, and IFI16. CONCLUSION We also introduced seven new repurposed candidate drugs based on the drug-gene network analysis for the identified crucial molecules. Therefore, we suggest that our newly recommended repurposed drugs be further investigated in Vitro and in Vivo against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dadashkhan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sepideh Ghani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Zhino-Gene Research Services Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Noori
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Li Q, Xie L, Pan J, He Y, Wang E, Wu H, Xiao J, Feng H. Black carp RIOK3 suppresses MDA5-mediated IFN signaling in the antiviral innate immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105059. [PMID: 37722630 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, right open reading frame kinase 3 (RIOK3) is related with cancer development and immune regulation. To explore the role of teleost RIOK3 in the antiviral innate immunity, the homolog of RIOK3 (bcRIOK3) from black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized in this study. Sequence analysis revealed that bcRIOK3 is conserved in vertebrates. The transcription of bcRIOK3 varied in host cells in response to the stimulation of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), poly (I:C), and LPS. Immunoblotting (IB) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays identified bcRIOK3 as a cytoplasmic protein with a molecular weight of ∼60 kDa. It was interesting that bcRIOK3 knockdown led to the decreased basal mRNA levels of IFNa, IFNb and Viperin; however, triggered obviously higher mRNA levels of the above genes after viral infection and enhanced host resistance to SVCV. Like its mammalian counterpart, bcRIOK3 overexpression in EPC cells showed a significant inhibitory effect on black carp MDA5 (bcMDA5)-mediated transcription of interferon promoters and antiviral activity. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent assays identified the association between bcRIOK3 and bcMDA5. Further analysis revealed that bcRIOK3 enhanced the K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of bcMDA5, and it weakened the oligomerization of bcMDA5 under poly (I:C) stimulation. In summary, our data conclude that RIOK3 dampens MDA5-mediated IFN signaling by promoting its degradation in black carp, which provide new insights into the regulation of IFN signaling in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lixia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jiaji Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yixuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Enhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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23
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Ren J, Yu P, Liu S, Li R, Niu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Deubiquitylating Enzymes in Cancer and Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303807. [PMID: 37888853 PMCID: PMC10754134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome by removing the post-translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous DUBs have been demonstrated specificity for cleaving a certain type of ubiquitin linkage or positions within ubiquitin chains. Moreover, several DUBs perform functions through specific protein-protein interactions in a catalytically independent manner, which further expands the versatility and complexity of DUBs' functions. Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of ubiquitome and causes various diseases, especially cancer and immune disorders. This review summarizes the Janus-faced roles of DUBs in cancer including proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as in immunity involving innate immune receptor signaling and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The prospects and challenges for the clinical development of DUB inhibitors are further discussed. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faced roles of DUBs in cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug DiscoveryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310058China
| | - Ran Li
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Xin Niu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450003P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
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24
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Ito F, Yang H, Zhou ZH, Chen XS. Structural basis for polyuridine tract recognition by SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567629. [PMID: 38045375 PMCID: PMC10690159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 15 (Nsp15) is critical for productive viral replication and evasion of host immunity. The uridine-specific endoribonuclease activity of Nsp15 mediates the cleavage of the polyuridine [poly(U)] tract of the negative-strand coronavirus genome to minimize the formation of dsRNA that activates the host antiviral interferon signaling. However, the molecular basis for the recognition and cleavage of the poly(U) tract by Nsp15 is incompletely understood. Here, we present cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) structures of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 bound to viral replication intermediate dsRNA containing poly(U) tract at 2.7-3.3 Å resolution. The structures reveal one copy of dsRNA binds to the sidewall of an Nsp15 homohexamer, spanning three subunits in two distinct binding states. The target uracil is dislodged from the base-pairing of the dsRNA by amino acid residues W332 and M330 of Nsp15, and the dislodged base is entrapped at the endonuclease active site center. Up to 20 A/U base pairs are anchored on the Nsp15 hexamer, which explains the basis for a substantially shortened poly(U) sequence in the negative strand coronavirus genome compared to the long poly(A) tail in its positive strand. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the unique immune evasion strategy employed by coronavirus Nsp15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ito
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA
| | - Hanjing Yang
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA
| | - Xiaojiang S. Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Genetic, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089, USA
- Center of Excellence in NanoBiophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089, USA
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25
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Liu A, Ying S. Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: A monogenic type I interferonopathy. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13314. [PMID: 37515439 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare monogenic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the brains of children patients. Its main clinical features include encephalatrophy, basal ganglia calcification, leukoencephalopathy, lymphocytosis and increased interferon-α (IFN-α) levels in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. AGS may be caused by mutations in any one of nine genes (TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR1, IFIH1, LSM11 and RNU7-1) that result in accumulation of self-nucleic acids in the cytoplasm or aberrant sensing of self-nucleic acids. This triggers overproduction of type I interferons (IFNs) and subsequently causes AGS, the prototype of type I interferonopathies. This review describes the discovery history of AGS with various genotypes and provides the latest knowledge of clinical manifestations and causative genes of AGS. The relationship between AGS and type I interferonopathy and potential therapeutic methods for AGS are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Zheng J, Shi W, Yang Z, Chen J, Qi A, Yang Y, Deng Y, Yang D, Song N, Song B, Luo D. RIG-I-like receptors: Molecular mechanism of activation and signaling. Adv Immunol 2023; 158:1-74. [PMID: 37453753 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
During RNA viral infection, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize the intracellular pathogenic RNA species derived from viral replication and activate antiviral innate immune response by stimulating type 1 interferon expression. Three RLR members, namely, RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 are homologous and belong to a subgroup of superfamily 2 Helicase/ATPase that is preferably activated by double-stranded RNA. RLRs are significantly different in gene architecture, RNA ligand preference, activation, and molecular functions. As switchable macromolecular sensors, RLRs' activities are tightly regulated by RNA ligands, ATP, posttranslational modifications, and cellular cofactors. We provide a comprehensive review of the structure and function of the RLRs and summarize the molecular understanding of sensing and signaling events during the RLR activation process. The key roles RLR signaling play in both anti-infection and immune disease conditions highlight the therapeutic potential in targeting this important molecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjia Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyuan Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Risal U, Pandey S, Pangeni R, Pandey R, Bhattarai D, Adhikari S, Basnyat B. Case Report: Anti-MDA-5 dermatomyositis in a resource-limited setting. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:5. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18728.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated gene 5 (Anti-MDA-5) dermatomyositis is a rare subtype of inflammatory myopathy characterized by unique skin lesions, rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease, and skeletal muscle inflammation. It has a high mortality rate in the absence of early treatment. However, diagnosis of this entity is challenging in a country like Nepal because of various constraints such as lack of expert rheumatologists and resource limitations. Here we describe a case of one patient who had presented to us with generalized weakness, cough and shortness of breath who was finally diagnosed as anti-MDA-5 dermatomyositis. He responded to combination of immunosuppressives and is currently doing well. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in managing such cases in a resource-limited setting.
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Song JX, Villagomes D, Zhao H, Zhu M. cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076784. [PMID: 36591232 PMCID: PMC9797516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first barrier of host defense, innate immunity sets up the parclose to keep out external microbial or virus attacks. Depending on the type of pathogens, several cytoplasm pattern recognition receptors exist to sense the attacks from either foreign or host origins, triggering the immune response to battle with the infections. Among them, cGAS-STING is the major pathway that mainly responds to microbial DNA, DNA virus infections, or self-DNA, which mainly comes from genome instability by-product or released DNA from the mitochondria. cGAS was initially found functional in the cytoplasm, although intriguing evidence indicates that cGAS exists in the nucleus where it is involved in the DNA damage repair process. Because the close connection between DNA damage response and immune response and cGAS recognizes DNA in length-dependent but DNA sequence-independent manners, it is urgent to clear the function balance of cGAS in the nucleus versus cytoplasm and how it is shielded from recognizing the host origin DNA. Here, we outline the current conception of immune response and the regulation mechanism of cGAS in the nucleus. Furthermore, we will shed light on the potential mechanisms that are restricted to be taken away from self-DNA recognition, especially how post-translational modification regulates cGAS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xian Song
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deana Villagomes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhu,
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Schafer JB, Lucas ED, Dzieciatkowska M, Forward T, Tamburini BAJ. Programmed death ligand 1 intracellular interactions with STAT3 and focal adhesion protein Paxillin facilitate lymphatic endothelial cell remodeling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102694. [PMID: 36375639 PMCID: PMC9761386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) comprise lymphatic capillaries and vessels that guide immune cells to lymph nodes (LNs) and form the subcapsular sinus and cortical and medullary lymphatic structures of the LN. During an active immune response, the lymphatics remodel to accommodate the influx of immune cells from the tissue, but factors involved in remodeling are unclear. Here, we determined that a TSS motif within the cytoplasmic domain of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed by LECs in the LN, participates in lymphatic remodeling. Mutation of the TSS motif to AAA does not affect surface expression of PD-L1, but instead causes defects in LN cortical and medullary lymphatic organization following immunostimulant, Poly I:C, administration in vivo. Supporting this observation, in vitro treatment of the LEC cell line, SVEC4-10, with cytokines TNFα and IFNα significantly impeded SVEC4-10 movement in the presence of the TSS-AAA cytoplasmic mutation. The cellular movement defects coincided with reduced F-actin polymerization, consistent with differences previously found in dendritic cells. Here, in addition to loss of actin polymerization, we define STAT3 and Paxillin as important PD-L1 binding partners. STAT3 and Paxillin were previously demonstrated to be important at focal adhesions for cellular motility. We further demonstrate the PD-L1 TSS-AAA motif mutation reduced the amount of pSTAT3 and Paxillin bound to PD-L1 both before and after exposure to TNFα and IFNα. Together, these findings highlight PD-L1 as an important component of a membrane complex that is involved in cellular motility, which leads to defects in lymphatic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tadg Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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30
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Małkowska P, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. Factors affecting RIG-I-Like receptors activation - New research direction for viral hemorrhagic fevers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010635. [PMID: 36248895 PMCID: PMC9557057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a term referring to a group of life-threatening infections caused by several virus families (Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae and Flaviviridae). Depending on the virus, the infection can be mild and can be also characterized by an acute course with fever accompanied by hypervolemia and coagulopathy, resulting in bleeding and shock. It has been suggested that the course of the disease is strongly influenced by the activation of signaling pathways leading to RIG-I-like receptor-dependent interferon production. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are one of two major receptor families that detect viral nucleic acid. RLR receptor activation is influenced by a number of factors that may have a key role in the differences that occur during the antiviral immune response in VHF. In the present study, we collected data on RLR receptors in viral hemorrhagic fevers and described factors that may influence the activation of the antiviral response. RLR receptors seem to be a good target for VHF research, which may contribute to better therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. However, due to the difficulty of conducting such studies in humans, we suggest using Lagovirus europaeus as an animal model for VHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Małkowska
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Paulina Małkowska,
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Arefinia N, Ramezani A, Farokhnia M, Arab Zadeh AM, Yaghobi R, Sarvari J. Association between expression of ZBP1, AIM2, and MDA5 genes and severity of COVID-19. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:1171-1183. [PMID: 36320810 PMCID: PMC9618740 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral and inflammatory responses following the detection of the virus genome by nucleic acid sensors play a vital role in the pathogenesis and outcome of diseases. In this study, we investigated the ZBP1, AIM2, and MDA5 expression levels in COVID-19 patients with different intensities of the disease. 75 quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included consecutively and divided into 3 groups of mild, severe, and critical based on the severity of the disease. Also, 25 healthy volunteer subjects were included. PBMCs were collected from the whole blood, and RNA was extracted using commercial kit. The expression of ZBP1, AIM2, and MDA5 genes was investigated using qRT-PCR technique. The mean age of the patients and healthy volunteers was 52.73±13.78 and 49.120±12.490, respectively. In each group, 13 out of 25 participants were male. The expression levels of ZBP1 (P=0.001), AIM2 (P=0.001), and MDA5 (P= 0.003) transcript were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than the control group. The results also revealed that the expression levels of ZBP1, AIM2, and MDA5 were significantly higher in the critical and severe COVID-19 patients compared to those with mild disease (P<0.05). Moreover, regarding the gender, the expression levels of AIM2 and MDA5 were significantly elevated in male severe (P=0.04 and P=0.003, respectively) and critical (P=0.005 and P=0.0004, respectively) patients than the female ones. The results indicated that ZBP1, AIM2, and MDA5 genes might have an important role in the severity of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, the severity of COVID-19 disease in male and female patients might be related to AIM2, and MDA5 expression levels. More studies are recommended to be conducted to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Arefinia
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Farokhnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Arab Zadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Transplant Research Center, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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32
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Jin R, Cao X, Lu M, Gao Q, Ma T. The intersection molecule MDA5 in Cancer and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963051. [PMID: 36119095 PMCID: PMC9471860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The connections between pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) constitutes the crucial signaling pathways in the innate immune system. Cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensor melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) serves as an important pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system by recognizing viral RNA. MDA5 also plays a role in identifying the cytoplasmic RNA from damaged, dead cancer cells or autoimmune diseases. MDA5’s recognition of RNA triggers innate immune responses, induces interferon (IFN) response and a series of subsequent signaling pathways to produce immunomodulatory factors and inflammatory cytokines. Here we review the latest progress of MDA5 functions in triggering anti-tumor immunity by sensing cytoplasmic dsRNA, and recognizing SARS-CoV-2 virus infection for antiviral response, in which the virus utilizes multiple ways to evade the host defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjing Jin
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjun Lu
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Cancer Research Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Teng Ma,
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33
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Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
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Zuo W, Wakimoto M, Kozaiwa N, Shirasaka Y, Oh SW, Fujiwara S, Miyachi H, Kogure A, Kato H, Fujita T. PKR and TLR3 trigger distinct signals that coordinate the induction of antiviral apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:707. [PMID: 35970851 PMCID: PMC9378677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), protein kinase R (PKR), and endosomal Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) sense viral non-self RNA and are involved in cell fate determination. However, the mechanisms by which intracellular RNA induces apoptosis, particularly the role of each RNA sensor, remain unclear. We performed cytoplasmic injections of different types of RNA and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying viral dsRNA-induced apoptosis. The results obtained revealed that short 5'-triphosphate dsRNA, the sole ligand of RIG-I, induced slow apoptosis in a fraction of cells depending on IRF-3 transcriptional activity and IFN-I production. However, intracellular long dsRNA was sensed by PKR and TLR3, which activate distinct signals, and synergistically induced rapid apoptosis. PKR essentially induced translational arrest, resulting in reduced levels of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein and functioned in the TLR3/TRIF-dependent activation of caspase 8. The present results demonstrated that PKR and TLR3 were both essential for inducing the viral RNA-mediated apoptosis of infected cells and the arrest of viral production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zuo
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Mai Wakimoto
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kozaiwa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yutaro Shirasaka
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Seong-Wook Oh
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Shiori Fujiwara
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Amane Kogure
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute for Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
| | - Takashi Fujita
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Regulatory Information, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan ,grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute for Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127 Germany
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Stilp AC, Scherer M, König P, Fürstberger A, Kestler HA, Stamminger T. The chromatin remodeling protein ATRX positively regulates IRF3-dependent type I interferon production and interferon-induced gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010748. [PMID: 35939517 PMCID: PMC9387936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling protein alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) is a component of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) and thereby mediates intrinsic immunity against several viruses including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). As a consequence, viruses have evolved different mechanisms to antagonize ATRX, such as displacement from PML-NBs or degradation. Here, we show that depletion of ATRX results in an overall impaired antiviral state by decreasing transcription and subsequent secretion of type I IFNs, which is followed by reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). ATRX interacts with the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and associates with the IFN-β promoter to facilitate transcription. Furthermore, whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that ATRX is required for efficient IFN-induced expression of a distinct set of ISGs. Mechanistically, we found that ATRX positively modulates chromatin accessibility specifically upon IFN signaling, thereby affecting promoter regions with recognition motifs for AP-1 family transcription factors. In summary, our study uncovers a novel co-activating function of the chromatin remodeling factor ATRX in innate immunity that regulates chromatin accessibility and subsequent transcription of interferons and ISGs. Consequently, ATRX antagonization by viral proteins and ATRX mutations in tumors represent important strategies to broadly compromise both intrinsic and innate immune responses. ATRX is a member of a family of chromatin remodeling proteins required for deposition of the histone variant H3.3 at specific genomic regions. This is important to maintain silencing at these sites. Furthermore, ATRX represents a component of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) which are considered as enigmatic nuclear protein accumulations exhibiting a tight link to cell-intrinsic restriction of viral infections. Previous studies demonstrated that many viruses target ATRX by either displacement or degradation. So far, it is believed that this serves to alleviate ATRX-instituted silencing of viral gene expression. Our results reveal a novel and unexpectedly broad function of ATRX as a co-activator of the innate immune response. We show that ATRX is required for both DNA and RNA sensing pathways to activate interferon (IFN) gene expression as well as for upregulation of a distinct set of interferon-stimulated genes. Assessment of chromatin accessibility detected that IFN acts as a switch to regulate the function of ATRX in heterochromatin remodeling. ATRX positively modulates chromatin accessibility specifically upon IFN signaling, thereby affecting promoter regions with recognition motifs for AP-1 family transcription factors. Loss of ATRX due to viral infection or due to tumor mutations may thus broadly compromise cellular innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myriam Scherer
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick König
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Fürstberger
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stamminger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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36
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Al-Rashedi NAM, Munahi MG, AH ALObaidi L. Prediction of potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease: RNA immunity sensing. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:4879-4892. [PMID: 33357040 PMCID: PMC7784835 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1863265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has classified the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and declared it a global health emergency. Repurposing drugs with minimum side effects are one approach to quickly respond in attempt to prevent the spread of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 encodes several RNA processing enzymes that are unusual and unique for single-stranded RNA viruses, including Nsp15, a hexameric endoribonuclease that discriminatory cleaves immediately 3' of uridines. The structure of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15 is reported to be homologous to that of the Nsp15 endoribonucleases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but it exhibits differences that may contribute to the greater virulence of SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to identify drugs that targeted SARS-COV-2 Nsp15 using a molecular docking-based virtual screening of a library containing 10,000 approved and experimental drugs. The molecular docking results revealed 19 medications that demonstrated a good ability to inhibit Nsp15. Among all the candidated 19 drugs only five FDA approved drugs were used for further investigation by molecular dynamics simulation, the stability of Nsp15-ligand system was evaluated by calculating the RMSD, RMSF, radius of gyration and hydrogen bond profile. Furthermore, MM-PBSA method was employed to validate the binding affinity. According to the obtained results of MD, the complex of Olaparib was showed more stability and lower binding free energy than the control inhibitor during MD simulation time. Finally, we suggest that Olaparib is a potential drug for treating patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and provide insight into the host immune response to viral RNA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murad G. Munahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Laith AH ALObaidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
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37
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Rasa SMM, Annunziata F, Krepelova A, Nunna S, Omrani O, Gebert N, Adam L, Käppel S, Höhn S, Donati G, Jurkowski TP, Rudolph KL, Ori A, Neri F. Inflammaging is driven by upregulation of innate immune receptors and systemic interferon signaling and is ameliorated by dietary restriction. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111017. [PMID: 35767948 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation known as inflammaging in multiple tissues, representing a risk factor for age-related diseases. Dietary restriction (DR) is the best-known non-invasive method to ameliorate aging in many organisms. However, the molecular mechanism and the signaling pathways that drive inflammaging across different tissues and how they are modulated by DR are not yet understood. Here we identify a multi-tissue gene network regulating inflammaging. This network is characterized by chromatin opening and upregulation in the transcription of innate immune system receptors and by activation of interferon signaling through interferon regulatory factors, inflammatory cytokines, and Stat1-mediated transcription. DR ameliorates aging-induced alterations of chromatin accessibility and RNA transcription of the inflammaging gene network while failing to rescue those alterations on the rest of the genome. Our results present a comprehensive understanding of the molecular network regulating inflammation in aging and DR and provide anti-inflammaging therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Krepelova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany; Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Suneetha Nunna
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Omid Omrani
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Nadja Gebert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Adam
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Käppel
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Höhn
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany; Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Liu Q, Chi S, Dmytruk K, Dmytruk O, Tan S. Coronaviral Infection and Interferon Response: The Virus-Host Arms Race and COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071349. [PMID: 35891331 PMCID: PMC9325157 DOI: 10.3390/v14071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in unprecedented morbidity and mortality worldwide. The host cells use a number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for early detection of coronavirus infection, and timely interferon secretion is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the virus has developed many strategies to delay interferon secretion and disarm cellular defense by intervening in interferon-associated signaling pathways on multiple levels. As a result, some COVID-19 patients suffered dramatic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while another part of the population showed only mild or no symptoms. One hypothesis suggests that functional differences in innate immune integrity could be the key to such variability. This review tries to decipher possible interactions between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and human antiviral interferon sensors. We found that SARS-CoV-2 actively interacts with PRR sensors and antiviral pathways by avoiding interferon suppression, which could result in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis. Finally, we summarize data on available antiviral pharmaceutical options that have shown potential to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Sensen Chi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China;
| | - Kostyantyn Dmytruk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (K.D.); (O.D.)
| | - Olena Dmytruk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine; (K.D.); (O.D.)
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Shuai Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (S.T.)
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Kano N, Ong GH, Ori D, Kawai T. Pathophysiological Role of Nucleic Acid-Sensing Pattern Recognition Receptors in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:910654. [PMID: 35734577 PMCID: PMC9207338 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.910654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play critical roles in recognizing pathogen-derived nucleic acids and inducing innate immune responses, such as inflammation and type I interferon production. PRRs that recognize nucleic acids include members of endosomal Toll-like receptors, cytosolic retinoic acid inducible gene I-like receptors, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase, absent in melanoma 2-like receptors, and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptors. Aberrant recognition of self-derived nucleic acids by these PRRs or unexpected activation of downstream signaling pathways results in the constitutive production of type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines, which lead to the development of autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the nucleic acid-sensing machinery and its pathophysiological roles in various inflammatory diseases.
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Coutant F, Bachet R, Pin JJ, Alonzo M, Miossec P. Monoclonal antibodies from B cells of patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis directly stimulate interferon gamma production. J Autoimmun 2022; 130:102831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Interplay between A-to-I Editing and Splicing of RNA: A Potential Point of Application for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095240. [PMID: 35563631 PMCID: PMC9105294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is a system of post-transcriptional modification widely distributed in metazoans which is catalyzed by ADAR enzymes and occurs mostly in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) before splicing. This type of RNA editing changes the genetic code, as inosine generally pairs with cytosine in contrast to adenosine, and this expectably modulates RNA splicing. We review the interconnections between RNA editing and splicing in the context of human cancer. The editing of transcripts may have various effects on splicing, and resultant alternatively spliced isoforms may be either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic. Dysregulated RNA splicing in cancer often causes the release of excess amounts of dsRNA into cytosol, where specific dsRNA sensors provoke antiviral-like responses, including type I interferon signaling. These responses may arrest cell division, causing apoptosis and, externally, stimulate antitumor immunity. Thus, small-molecule spliceosome inhibitors have been shown to facilitate the antiviral-like signaling and are considered to be potential cancer therapies. In turn, a cytoplasmic isoform of ADAR can deaminate dsRNA in cytosol, thereby decreasing its levels and diminishing antitumor innate immunity. We propose that complete or partial inhibition of ADAR may enhance the proapoptotic and cytotoxic effects of splicing inhibitors and that it may be considered a promising addition to cancer therapies targeting RNA splicing.
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Surgical Strikes on Host Defenses: Role of the Viral Protease Activity in Innate Immune Antagonism. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050522. [PMID: 35631043 PMCID: PMC9145062 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a frontline defense mechanism against viral infections, the innate immune system is the primary target of viral antagonism. A number of virulence factors encoded by viruses play roles in circumventing host defenses and augmenting viral replication. Among these factors are viral proteases, which are primarily responsible for maturation of viral proteins, but in addition cause proteolytic cleavage of cellular proteins involved in innate immune signaling. The study of these viral protease-mediated host cleavages has illuminated the intricacies of innate immune networks and yielded valuable insights into viral pathogenesis. In this review, we will provide a brief summary of how proteases of positive-strand RNA viruses, mainly from the Picornaviridae, Flaviviridae and Coronaviridae families, proteolytically process innate immune components and blunt their functions.
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Yan J, Zhao Y, Du J, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Q, Zhao X, Xu W, Zhao K. RNA sensor MDA5 suppresses LINE-1 retrotransposition by regulating the promoter activity of LINE-1 5'-UTR. Mob DNA 2022; 13:10. [PMID: 35414110 PMCID: PMC9003951 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-022-00268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 long interspersed elements, or LINE-1, are the only retroelements that replicate autonomously in human cells. The retrotransposition process of LINE-1 can trigger the activation of the innate immune system and has been proposed to play a role in the development of several autoimmune diseases, including Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). In contrast, all known AGS-associated proteins, except MDA5, have been reported to affect LINE-1 activity. Thus, MDA5 is likely to also function as a LINE-1 suppressor. Results MDA5 was found to potently suppress LINE-1 activity in a reporter-based LINE-1 retrotransposition assay. Although MDA5 is an endogenous RNA sensor able to activate the innate immune system, increased interferon (IFN) expression only contributed in part to MDA5-mediated LINE-1 suppression. Instead, MDA5 potently regulated the promoter activity of LINE-1 5′-UTR, as confirmed by transiently expressed myc-tagged MDA5 or knockdown of endogenous MDA5 expression. Consequently, MDA5 effectively reduced the generation of LINE-1 RNA and the subsequent expression of LINE-1 ORF1p and ORF2p. Interestingly, despite MDA5 being a multi-domain protein, the N-terminal 2CARD domain alone is sufficient to interact with LINE-1 5′-UTR and inhibit LINE-1 promoter activity. Conclusion Our data reveal that MDA5 functions as a promoter regulator; it directly binds to the LINE-1 5′-UTR and suppresses its promoter activity. Consequently, MDA5 reduces LINE-1 RNA and protein levels, and ultimately inhibits LINE-1 retrotransposition. In contrast, MDA5-induced IFN expression only plays a mild role in MDA5-mediated LINE-1 suppression. In addition, the N-terminal 2CARD domain was found to be a functional region for MDA5 upon inhibition of LINE-1 replication. Thus, our data suggest that besides being an initiator of the innate immune system, MDA5 is also an effector against LINE-1 activity, potentially forming a feedback loop by suppressing LINE-1-induced innate immune activation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13100-022-00268-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiu Yan
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Neonatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Hepatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Lin SH, Chen SCC. RNA Editing in Glioma as a Sexually Dimorphic Prognostic Factor That Affects mRNA Abundance in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Inflammation Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071231. [PMID: 35406793 PMCID: PMC8997934 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing alters the nucleotide sequence and has been associated with cancer progression. However, little is known about its prognostic and regulatory roles in glioma, one of the most common types of primary brain tumors. We characterized and analyzed RNA editomes of glioblastoma and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutated (IDH-MUT) gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). We showed that editing change during glioma progression was another layer of molecular alterations and that editing profiles predicted the prognosis of glioblastoma and IDH-MUT gliomas in a sex-dependent manner. Hyper-editing was associated with poor survival in females but better survival in males. Moreover, noncoding editing events impacted mRNA abundance of the host genes. Genes associated with inflammatory response (e.g., EIF2AK2, a key mediator of innate immunity) and fatty acid oxidation (e.g., acyl-CoA oxidase 1, the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation) were editing-regulated and associated with glioma progression. The above findings were further validated in CGGA samples. Establishment of the prognostic and regulatory roles of RNA editing in glioma holds promise for developing editing-based therapeutic strategies against glioma progression. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism at the epitranscriptional level highlights the importance of developing sex-specific treatments for glioma.
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Divergences of the RLR Gene Families across Lophotrochozoans: Domain Grafting, Exon-Intron Structure, Expression, and Positive Selection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073415. [PMID: 35408776 PMCID: PMC8998645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates do not possess adaptive immunity but have evolved a variety of unique repertoires of innate immune sensors. In this study, we explored the immune diversity and specificity of invertebrates based on the lophotrochozoan RLRs, a major component in antiviral immune recognition. By annotating RLRs in the genomes of 58 representative species across metazoan evolution, we explored the gene expansion of RLRs in Lophotrochozoa. Of note, the N-terminal domains of lophotrochozoan RLRs showed the most striking diversity which evolved independently by domain grafting. Exon–intron structures were revealed to be prevalent in the domain grafting of lophotrochozoan RLRs based on an analysis of sibling paralogs and orthologs. In more than half of the cases, the mechanism of ‘exonization/pseudoexonization’ led to the generation of non-canonical N-terminal domains. Transcriptomic studies revealed that many non-canonical RLRs display immune-related expression patterns. Two of these RLRs showed obvious evidence of positive selection, which may be the result of host defense selection pressure. Overall, our study suggests that the complex and unique domain arrangement of lophotrochozoan RLRs might result from domain grafting, exon–intron divergence, expression diversification, and positive selection, which may have led to functionally distinct lophotrochozoan RLRs.
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Chowdhury A, Witte S, Aich A. Role of Mitochondrial Nucleic Acid Sensing Pathways in Health and Patho-Physiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:796066. [PMID: 35223833 PMCID: PMC8873532 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.796066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, in symbiosis with the host cell, carry out a wide variety of functions from generating energy, regulating the metabolic processes, cell death to inflammation. The most prominent function of mitochondria relies on the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. OXPHOS heavily influences the mitochondrial-nuclear communication through a plethora of interconnected signaling pathways. Additionally, owing to the bacterial ancestry, mitochondria also harbor a large number of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). These molecules relay the information about the state of the mitochondrial health and dysfunction to the innate immune system. Consequently, depending on the intracellular or extracellular nature of detection, different inflammatory pathways are elicited. One group of DAMPs, the mitochondrial nucleic acids, hijack the antiviral DNA or RNA sensing mechanisms such as the cGAS/STING and RIG-1/MAVS pathways. A pro-inflammatory response is invoked by these signals predominantly through type I interferon (T1-IFN) cytokines. This affects a wide range of organ systems which exhibit clinical presentations of auto-immune disorders. Interestingly, tumor cells too, have devised ingenious ways to use the mitochondrial DNA mediated cGAS-STING-IRF3 response to promote neoplastic transformations and develop tumor micro-environments. Thus, mitochondrial nucleic acid-sensing pathways are fundamental in understanding the source and nature of disease initiation and development. Apart from the pathological interest, recent studies also attempt to delineate the structural considerations for the release of nucleic acids across the mitochondrial membranes. Hence, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the different aspects of mitochondrial nucleic acid-sensing. It attempts to summarize the nature of the molecular patterns involved, their release and recognition in the cytoplasm and signaling. Finally, a major emphasis is given to elaborate the resulting patho-physiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chowdhury
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Witte
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek Aich
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging, from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Woo SJ, Choi HJ, Park YH, Rengaraj D, Kim JK, Han JY. Amplification of immunity by engineering chicken MDA5 combined with the C terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1599-1613. [PMID: 35129655 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune system is triggered by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognition. Retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) is a major sensor that recognizes RNA ligands. However, chickens have no homologue of RIG-I; instead, they rely on melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) to recognize RNA ligands, which renders chickens susceptible to infection by influenza A viruses (IAVs). Here, we engineered the cMDA5 viral RNA sensing domain (C-terminal domain, CTD) such that it functions similarly to human RIG-I (hRIG-I) by mutating histidine 925 into phenylalanine, a key residue for hRIG-I RNA binding loop function, or by swapping the CTD of cMDA5 with that of hRIG-I or duck RIG-I (dRIG-I). The engineered cMDA5 gene was expressed in cMDA5 knockout DF-1 cells, and interferon-beta (IFN-β) activity and expression of interferon-related genes were measured after transfection of cells with RNA ligands of hRIG-I or human MDA5 (hMDA5). We found that both mutant cMDA5 and engineered cMDA5 triggered significantly stronger interferon-mediated immune responses than wild-type cMDA5. Moreover, engineered cMDA5 reduced the IAV titer by 100-fold compared with that in control cells. Collectively, engineered cMDA5/RIG-I CTD significantly enhanced interferon-mediated immune responses, making them invaluable strategies for production of IAV-resistant chickens. KEY POINTS: • Mutant chicken MDA5 with critical residue of RIG-I (phenylalanine) enhanced immunity. • Engineered chicken MDA5 with CTD of RIG-I increased IFN-mediated immune responses. • Engineered chicken MDA5 reduced influenza A virus titers by up to 100-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Blasi G, Bortoletto E, Gasparotto M, Filippini F, Bai CM, Rosani U, Venier P. A glimpse on metazoan ZNFX1 helicases, ancient players of antiviral innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:456-466. [PMID: 35063603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The human zinc finger NFX1-type containing 1 (ZNFX1) is an interferon-stimulated protein associated to the outer mitochondrial membrane, able to bind dsRNAs and interact with MAVS proteins, promoting type I IFN response in the early stage of viral infection. An N-terminal Armadillo (ARM)-type fold and a large helicase core (P-loop) and zinc fingers confer RNA-binding and ATPase activities to ZNFX1. We studied the phylogenetic distribution of metazoan ZNFX1s, ZNFX1 gene expression trends and genomic and protein signatures during viral infection of invertebrates. Based on 221 ZNFX1 sequences, we obtained a polyphyletic tree with a taxonomy-consistent branching at the phylum-level only. In metazoan genomes, ZNFX1 genes were found either in single copy, with up to some tens of exons in vertebrates, or in multiple copies, with one or a few exons and one of them sometimes encompassing most of the coding sequence, in invertebrates like sponges, sea urchins and mollusks. Structural analyses of selected ZNFX1 proteins showed high conservation of the helicase region (P-loop), an overall conserved region and domain architecture, an ARM-fold mostly traceable, and the presence of intrinsically disordered regions of varying length and position. The remarkable over-expression of ZNFX1 in bivalve and gastropod mollusks infected with dsDNA viruses underscores the antiviral role of ZNFX1, whereas nothing similar was found in virus-infected nematodes and corals. Whether the functional diversification reported in the C. elegans ZNFX1 occurs in other metazoan proteins remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Blasi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Chang-Ming Bai
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Umberto Rosani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Paola Venier
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
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Xiao J, Zhong H, Yan J, Li Z, Liu S, Feng H. Identification and comparative study of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 homologues of triploid hybrid fish and its parents. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104294. [PMID: 34655618 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sterile triploid fish (3n = 150), derived from the hybridization between red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var., ♀, 2n = 100) and allotetraploid (♂, 4n = 200), exhibits the improved disease resistance compared with its parents, but the current knowledge of the immunity of triploid fish is limited. Here, we report the identification and characterization of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) homologues from red crucian carp, triploid fish and allotetraploid. In this study, one red crucian carp MDA5 transcript (2nMDA5), two triploid fish MDA5 transcripts (3nMDA5-a and 3nMDA5-b) and two allotetraploid fish MDA5 transcripts (4nMDA5-a and 4nMDA5-b) have been cloned and identified separately. Immunofluorescence staining assay displayed that these MDA5 proteins were cytoplasmic proteins. RT-qPCR assay showed that, in response to spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and poly (I:C) stimuli, the increase of 3nMDA5 mRNA level was obviously higher than those of 2nMDA5 and 4nMDA5. Interestingly, the reporter assay and plaque assay revealed collectively that 3nMDA5-b, a shorter splicing form of MDA5, exhibited the strongest IFN promoter-inducing ability and antiviral activity. Additionally, when co-expressed with 3nMAVS, 3nMDA5-b induced a considerably higher level of IFN promoter activation than 3nMDA5-a; and the interactions between 3nMAVS/3nMDA5-a and 3nMAVS/3nMDA5-b were verified by co-IP assay. Taken together, our findings support the conclusion that in triploid fish, 3nMDA5-b mediates a robust antiviral signaling in host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Huijuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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He C, Li W, Xie Q, Yin G. Rituximab in the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases Related to Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Dermatomyositis: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:820163. [PMID: 35116041 PMCID: PMC8803653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.820163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The effectiveness of rituximab in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) dermatomyositis (DM) with interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been explored only in isolated case reports and small series. This paper aims to review the current evidence regarding rituximab (RTX) use in the treatment of ILD related to anti-MDA5 DM (anti-MDA5 DM-ILD). Methods We conducted a review by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane for articles with information on patients with anti-MDA5 DM and RTX treatment, published until August 2021, in English language. The selected studies listed variation in chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and/or pulmonary function test (PFT) as a primary outcome, in patients with anti-MDA5 DM-related ILD after using RTX. Results Of the 145 potentially eligible articles, 17 were selected. The information gathered from a total of 35 patients with anti-MDA5 DM-ILD was reviewed, including 13 men and 22 women. Patient age at onset was 47.60 ± 13.72 years old. A total of 11.43% (4/35) of the patients were found to have chronic ILD (C-ILD) and 88.57% (31/30) exhibited rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD). Most patients (29/30) had typical DM rashes. Prior to RTX administration, the majority of patients (27/35) were treated with medium- or high-dose glucocorticoids and at least one additional immunotherapeutic agent. With regard to RTX efficacy for ILD in anti-MDA5 DM, 71.43% (25/35) of the patients responded to treatment. Skin rash also improved in more than half of the patients after RTX treatment. The most common side effects were infections, reported by 37.14% (13/35) of the patients after using RTX. Conclusion As a CD20 targeting drug, RTX is a promising therapeutic tool for anti-MDA5 DM-ILD, although the risk of infections should be considered before treatment. Further prospective controlled studies are required to evaluate the optimal RTX treatment regimen. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021289714, identifier CRD42021289714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjia He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Geng Yin, ; Qibing Xie,
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Geng Yin, ; Qibing Xie,
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