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Chen L, Brustad N, Luo Y, Wang T, Ali M, Ebrahimi P, Schoos AMM, Vahman N, Lovrić M, Rasmussen MA, Kolmert J, Wheelock CE, Lasky-Su JA, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Chawes B. Prenatal Fish Oil Supplementation, Maternal COX1 Genotype, and Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2024:2823065. [PMID: 39196551 PMCID: PMC11359109 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Importance Eicosanoids have a pathophysiological role in atopic dermatitis (AD), but it is unknown whether this is affected by prenatal ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA; ie, fish oil) supplementation and genetic variations in the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX1) pathway. Objective To explore the association of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy with risk of childhood AD overall and by maternal COX1 genotype. Design, Setting, and Participants This prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial included mother-child pairs from the Danish Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 birth cohort, with prospective follow-up until children were aged 10 years. In the trial, maternal and child COX1 genotypes were determined, and urinary eicosanoids were quantified when the child was 1 year of age. The present study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2021, and data were analyzed from January to September 2023. Intervention A total of 736 pregnant women at 24 weeks' gestation were randomized 1:1 to 2.4 g of n-3 LCPUFA (fish oil) or placebo (olive oil) per day until 1 week post partum. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk of childhood AD until age 10 years overall and by maternal COX1 genotype. Results At age 10 years, 635 children (91%; 363 [57%] female) completed the clinical follow-up, and these mother-child pairs were included in this study; 321 (51%) were in the intervention group and 314 (49%) in the control group. Pregnancy n-3 LCPUFA supplementation was associated with lower urinary thromboxane A2 metabolites at age 1 year (β, -0.46; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.13; P = .006), which was also associated with COX1 rs1330344 genotype (β per C allele, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.20-0.73; P = .001). Although neither n-3 LCPUFA supplementation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.76-1.33; P = .97) nor maternal COX1 genotype (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74-1.19; P = .60) was associated with risk of childhood AD until age 10 years, there was evidence of an interaction between these variables (P < .001 for interaction). Among mothers with the TT genotype, risk of AD was reduced in the n-3 LCPUFA group compared with the placebo group (390 mother-child pairs [61%]; HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98; P = .04); there was no association for mothers with the CT genotype (209 [33%]; HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.79-2.10; P = .31), and risk was increased among offspring of mothers with the CC genotype (37 [6%]; HR, 5.77; 95% CI, 1.63-20.47; P = .007). There was a significant interaction between n-3 LCPUFA supplementation and child COX1 genotype and development of AD (P = .002 for interaction). Conclusions and Relevance In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, the association of prenatal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation with risk of childhood AD varied by maternal COX1 genotype. The findings could be used to inform a personalized prevention strategy of providing supplementation only to pregnant individuals with the TT genotype. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00798226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Brustad
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yang Luo
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tingting Wang
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mina Ali
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Parvaneh Ebrahimi
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ann-Marie M. Schoos
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Nilo Vahman
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mario Lovrić
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Morten A. Rasmussen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Johan Kolmert
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica A. Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Food Microbiology, Gut Health, and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Prasanth T, Singh H, Krishna A, Saravanan S, Satisha T, Anand K, Bahal V. Clinico-immunological evaluation of use of omega-3 fatty acids as nutraceutical approach in management of patients with chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. Med J Armed Forces India 2024; 80:449-457. [PMID: 39071748 PMCID: PMC11280262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Subgingival bacterial colonization and biofilm formation are known to be the main etiology of periodontal disease progression. This biofilm elicits host response and the interaction between host defence mechanisms with plaque microorganisms and their products results in periodontal disease. Host modulatory therapy (HMT) is a form of treatment of periodontitis that focuses on treatment of the host in the host-bacteria interaction. Omega-3 fatty acids have emerged as a potential HMT agent to treat inflammation associated with periodontal disease. Methods A total of 60 cases of chronic periodontitis were allocated into two groups; the test group (n = 30) were treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and given a dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid while the control group were treated with SRP alone. Clinical parameters carried out were plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) and immunological parameter included interleukin-1β level in saliva at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after therapy. Results At 6 months, both the groups showed significant improvements with regards to all clinical and immunological parameters compared to baseline (all p < 0.05). However, test group presented with more favourable statistically significant results. Conclusion The use of omega-3 fatty acid as nutraceutical agent to conventional method acted as beneficial therapeutic measures and effective in patients with chronic periodontitis when compared with SRP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Prasanth
- Senior Specialist & Professor (Periodontology), Army Dental Centre (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| | - H. Singh
- Associate Professor (Periodontology), Army Dental Centre (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| | - A. Krishna
- Resident, Department of Dental Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - S.P. Saravanan
- Assistant Professor (Periodontology), Army Dental Centre (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| | - T.S. Satisha
- Classified Specialist (Periodontology), Command Military Dental Centre, Lucknow, India
| | - K.B. Anand
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - V.A. Bahal
- Professor (Pathology), Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
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Masle AM, Kibel A, Jukić I, Čičak P, Selthofer-Relatić K, Stupin A, Mihaljević Z, Šušnjara P, Breškić Ćurić Ž, Bačun T, Drenjančević I. Enhancing Endothelial Function with Nutrient-Enriched Table Hen Eggs: A Randomized Study in Patients Recovering from Acute Coronary Syndrome. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:953-970. [PMID: 38807636 PMCID: PMC11131953 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s461821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the effect of consumption of table eggs enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), lutein, vitamin E and selenium on microvascular function, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients and Methods In a prospective, randomized, interventional, double-blind clinical trial, ACS patients were assigned to either the Nutri4 (N=15, mean age: 57.2 ± 9.2 years), or the Control group (N=13; mean age 56.8 ± 9.6 years). The Nutri4 group consumed three enriched hen eggs daily for three weeks, providing approximately 1.785 mg of vitamin E, 0.330 mg of lutein, 0.054 mg of selenium and 438 mg of n-3 PUFAs. Biochemical parameters, including serum lipids, liver enzymes, nutrient concentrations, serum antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)), and markers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing ability (FRAP)), were assessed before and after the dietary interventions. Additionally, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, body composition, fluid status, anthropometric measurements, and skin microvascular blood flow responses to various stimuli (postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH), acetylcholine- (Ach ID), and sodium nitroprusside- (SNP ID)) were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) throughout the study. Results The intake of Nutri4 eggs led to a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol levels, while the levels of total cholesterol remained within the established reference values. Consuming Nutri4 eggs resulted in a 12.7% increase in serum vitamin E levels, an 8.6% increase in selenium levels, and demonstrated a favorable impact on microvascular reactivity, as evidenced by markedly improved PORH and ACh ID. Nutri4 eggs exerted a significant influence on the activity of GPx and SOD, with no observed changes in TBARS or FRAP values. Conclusion The consumption of Nutri4 eggs positively influenced microvascular function in individuals with ACS, without eliciting adverse effects on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marija Masle
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Heart and Vascular Diseases, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petra Čičak
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Heart and Vascular Diseases, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Breškić Ćurić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Vinkovci, Vinkovci, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Bačun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Baldacchino F, Spagnoletta A, Lamaj F, Vitale ML, Verrastro V. Validation of Diets with Tomato Pomace in Complete Cycle Breeding of Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). INSECTS 2024; 15:287. [PMID: 38667417 PMCID: PMC11050266 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
By-product-based diets have the potential to improve the environmental and economic sustainability of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) production. However, evaluations of the efficacy of new diets are generally focused on larval performance, while the effect on adults is poorly understood. This aim of this study was to evaluate diets enriched with tomato pomace over a complete breeding cycle. The results showed that when used as an oviposition substrate, all the tested diets, including tomato pomace (T), outperformed the control bran-yeast diet (WY, 95:5 ratio), possibly due to the presence of cholesterol and linoleic acid. The adults fed with the bran-tomato pomace-brewer's spent grain diet (WTB, 50:27:23 ratio), the bran-tomato pomace-yeast diet (WTY, 50:41:9 ratio), and the bran-tomato pomace diet (WT, 50:50 ratio) produced significantly more larvae than those fed with the WY diet. The WTB diet (despite being yeast-free) performed similarly to the WY control diet during the subsequent larval growth phase, making it suitable for the entire production cycle. In conclusion, the results show that tomato pomace can be used a valid by-product in the formulation of efficient diets for the breeding of T. molitor and also provide an alternative to expensive yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Baldacchino
- Laboratory of Bioproducts and Bioprocess, ENEA-. Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Jonica 106, km 419.5, I-75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- Laboratory of Bioproducts and Bioprocess, ENEA-. Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Jonica 106, km 419.5, I-75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Flutura Lamaj
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy; (F.L.); (M.L.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Maria Luisa Vitale
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy; (F.L.); (M.L.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Verrastro
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy; (F.L.); (M.L.V.); (V.V.)
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Lin C, Lee SH, Huang CM, Wu YW, Chang YX, Liu HL, Ng SH, Cheng YC, Chiu CC, Wu SC. Cognitive protection and brain entropy changes from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplement in late-life depression: A 52-week randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:15-23. [PMID: 38281596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with risk of dementia, yet intervention of LLD provides an opportunity to attenuate subsequent cognitive decline. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplement is a potential intervention due to their beneficial effect in depressive symptoms and cognitive function. To explore the underlying neural mechanism, we used resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) before and after omega-3 PUFAs supplement in older adults with LLD. METHODS A 52-week double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. We used multi-scale sample entropy to analyze rs-fMRI data. Comprehensive cognitive tests and inflammatory markers were collected to correlate with brain entropy changes. RESULTS A total of 20 patients completed the trial with 11 under omega-3 PUFAs and nine under placebo. While no significant global cognitive improvement was observed, a marginal enhancement in processing speed was noted in the omega-3 PUFAs group. Importantly, participants receiving omega-3 PUFAs exhibited decreased brain entropy in left posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), multiple visual areas, the orbital part of the right middle frontal gyrus, and the left Rolandic operculum. The brain entropy changes of the PCG in the omega-3 PUFAs group correlated with improvement of language function and attenuation of interleukin-6 levels. LIMITATIONS Sample size is small with only marginal clinical effect. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that omega-3 PUFAs supplement may mitigate cognitive decline in LLD through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and modulation of brain entropy. Larger clinical trials are warranted to validate the potential therapeutic implications of omega-3 PUFAs for deterring cognitive decline in patients with late-life depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chemin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan.; Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Hua Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan.; Department of Psychiatry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - You-Xun Chang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ling Liu
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Shu-Hang Ng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Group, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Cheng
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Research Center of Big Data and Meta-analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Chi Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Plath M, Plath K. [Medical examination: Preparation for ENT specialisation : Part 71]. HNO 2024; 72:283-290. [PMID: 38448664 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-024-01439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M Plath
- Kopfklinik, Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - K Plath
- HNO-Praxis Bensheim, Bensheim, Deutschland
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Tan C, Peng K, Lim T, Liu J, Ye Y, Lim L, Gao P, Oblong JE, Lam T. The combination of allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate mitigates UVB-induced PGE 2 synthesis by keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38433250 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erythema, characterized by the redness of the skin, is a common skin reaction triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors. This response is often a result of the activation of underlying inflammatory mechanisms within the skin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of applying a combination of skincare ingredients, namely allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (AB5D), in the modulation of inflammatory factors associated with erythema. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which these ingredients exert their combined actions to alleviate erythema-associated inflammation. METHODS Human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and subsequently treated with AB5D. Transcriptomics profiling was performed to analyse the dose-response effect of AB5D treatment on keratinocytes. The quantitation of inflammatory mediators, including PGE2 , IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα, was performed on cultured media. Additionally, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of both individual ingredients and the AB5D combination. To assess the in-vitro antioxidant effects of AB5D against UVB-induced oxidative stress in hTERT keratinocytes, real-time quantitation of mitochondrial superoxide was measured through live-cell imaging. RESULTS The application of AB5D to UVB-exposed keratinocytes downregulated gene sets associated with inflammatory responses, highlighting the anti-inflammatory properties of AB5D. Specifically, AB5D effectively reduced the production of PGE2 , leading to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our findings indicate that AB5D exhibits antioxidative capabilities, functioning as both an antioxidant agent and a regulator of antioxidant enzyme expression to counteract the detrimental effects of cellular oxidative stress. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that AB5D can reduce UVB-induced PGE2 , IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα as well as mitochondrial superoxide. These findings suggest that AB5D may alleviate erythema by modulating inflammation via PGE2 and through antioxidation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Tan
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Peng
- Tian Zhu Kong Gang Development Zone, Beijing Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Beijing, China
| | - TianYong Lim
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Procter & Gamble (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Tian Zhu Kong Gang Development Zone, Beijing Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Beijing, China
| | - Linda Lim
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Gao
- Procter & Gamble (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | | | - TzeHau Lam
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
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Catherine Prater M, Polley KR, Cooper JA. Improvements in markers of inflammation and coagulation potential following a 5-day high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil vs. Olive oil in healthy males. Cytokine 2024; 175:156494. [PMID: 38171039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is believed to be a risk factor for chronic diseases and is nutritionally responsive. Cottonseed oil (CSO), which is rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats, has been shown to lower cholesterol and other chronic disease risk factors. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine the comparative responses of markers of inflammation and coagulation potential of healthy adult males consuming diets rich in CSO vs. olive oil (OO). METHODS Fifteen normal-weight males, ages 21.7 ± 2.58y, completed a randomized crossover trial. Each intervention consisted of a 3-day lead-in diet and a 5-day outpatient, controlled feeding intervention (CSO or OO). There was a 2 to 4-week washout period between interventions. The 5-day intervention diets were 35 % carbohydrate, 15 % protein, and 50 % fat, enriched with either CSO or OO (44 % of total energy from oil). At pre- and post- diet intervention visits, a fasting blood draw was collected for analysis of markers of inflammation (Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-Reactive Protein (CRP)) and coagulation potential (Tissue Factor (TF), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)). RESULTS The CSO-enriched diets reduced TNF-α (CSO: -0.12 ± 0.02 pg/ml, OO: -0.01 ± 0.05 pg/ml; p < 0.01) and TF (CSO: -0.59 ± 0.68 pg/ml, OO: 1.13 ± 0.83 pg/ml; p = 0.02) compared to OO diets. There were no differences in IL-6, CRP, or PAI-1 between diets. CONCLUSION A 5-day, CSO-enriched diet may be sufficient to reduce inflammation and coagulation potential compared to OO-enriched diets in a healthy male population which could have implications in chronic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catherine Prater
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristine R Polley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Potter DA, Guo Z, Lei J, Antonarakis ES. Cooling inflammation while potentiating immune checkpoint inhibition: Enhancing the benefit-risk ratio of immuno-oncology therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400431121. [PMID: 38354255 PMCID: PMC10907316 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400431121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Potter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
- Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Jianxun Lei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
- Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN55455
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Prater MC, Scheurell AR, Paton CM, Cooper JA. No Observed Difference in Inflammatory and Coagulation Markers Following Diets Rich in n-6 Polyunsaturated Fat vs Monounsaturated Fat in Adults With Untreated Hypercholesterolemia: A Randomized Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:205-214.e1. [PMID: 37619782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory and prothrombotic responses are hallmark to the progression of cardiovascular disease and may be influenced by the type of dietary fat. Cottonseed oil (CSO) is rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats and improves traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors such as cholesterol profiles. However, some clinicians are still hesitant to promote n-6 polyunsaturated fats consumption despite growing evidence suggesting they may not be independently pro-inflammatory. OBJECTIVE To investigate the inflammatory and coagulation marker responses to an 8-week diet intervention rich in either CSO or olive oil (OO) (OO is rich in monounsaturated fat) in adults with untreated hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of a parallel-arm randomized clinical trial with the main outcome of cholesterol measures. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included in this analysis were 42 sedentary adults aged 30 to 75 years (62% women) in the Athens, GA, area, between May 2018 and June 2021, with untreated hypercholesterolemia or elevated blood lipids and body mass index >18.5. Hypercholesterolemia was defined as at least two blood lipid levels in a borderline undesirable/at risk range (total cholesterol level ≥180 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≥110 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <50 mg/dL, or triglyceride level ≥130 mg/dL), or at least one in an undesirable range (total cholesterol level ≥240 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level ≥160 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <40 mg/dL, or triglyceride level ≥200 mg/dL). INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to either the CSO or OO group in a partial outpatient feeding trial. Meals from the study provided approximately 60% of their energy needs with 30% of energy needs from either CSO or OO for 8 weeks. Participants fulfilled their remaining energy needs with meals of their choosing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Markers of coagulation potential, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue factor were measured at the same time points. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Repeated measures linear mixed models were used with treatment and visit in the model for analyses of all biochemical markers. RESULTS There were no significant differences in fasting C-reactive protein (P = 0.70), tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.98), interleukin-6 (P = 0.21), interleukin-1β (P = 0.13), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (P = 0.29), or tissue factor (P = 0.29) between groups across the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation and coagulation marker responses to diets rich in CSO vs OO were not significantly different between groups, and neither group showed changes in these markers in adults with untreated hypercholesterolemia. This provides additional evidence suggesting that dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fats may not promote inflammation compared with monounsaturated fatty acids, even in adults at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catherine Prater
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Alexis R Scheurell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
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11
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Peng D, Wang Y, Yao Y, Yang Z, Wu S, Zeng K, Hu X, Zhao Y. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids influence colorectal cancer progression via the interactions between the intestinal microflora and the macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04904-y. [PMID: 38217838 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) is closely associated with the risk and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This paper aims to investigate the role of LCPUFA in the crosstalk between intestinal microflora and macrophages, as well as the effects of these three parties on the progression of CRC. The metabolism and function of LCPUFA play important roles in regulating the composition of the human gut microflora and participating in the regulation of inflammation, ultimately affecting macrophage function and polarization, which is crucial in the tumor microenvironment. The effects of LCPUFA on cellular interactions between the two species can ultimately influence the progression of CRC. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of LCPUFA in the interactions between intestinal microflora and intestinal macrophages, as well as its significance for CRC progression. Furthermore, we reveal the role of LCPUFA in the construction of the CRC microenvironment and explore the key nodes of the interactions between intestinal flora and intestinal macrophages in the environment. It provides potential targets for the metabolic diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Peng
- Pathology Department of The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523713, China
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Pathology Department of The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523713, China
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yunhong Yao
- Pathology Department of The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523713, China
- Pathology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zisha Yang
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Pathology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Kaijing Zeng
- Pathology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xinrong Hu
- Pathology Department of The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523713, China.
- Pathology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Pathology Department of The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523713, China.
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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12
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Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Li A, Yan L, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Su KP, Su H. Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:335-355. [PMID: 37914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represent major public health challenges but effective therapeutic options are limited. Pathological brain aging is associated with microvascular changes and impaired clearance systems. The application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 or omega-3 PUFAs) is one of the most promising nutritional interventions in neurodegenerative disorders from epidemiological data, clinical and pre-clinical studies. As essential components of neuronal membranes, n-3 PUFAs have shown neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as modulatory effects through microvascular pathophysiology, amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and glymphatic pathways. This review meticulously explores these underlying mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs against AD and dementia, synthesizing evidence from both animal and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Ziai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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13
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Dhanker R, Saxena A, Tiwari A, Kumar Singh P, Kumar Patel A, Dahms HU, Hwang JS, González-Meza GM, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Towards sustainable diatom biorefinery: Recent trends in cultivation and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129905. [PMID: 37923226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms, with their complex cellular architecture, have been recognized as a source of limitless potential. These microbes are common in freshwater and marine habitats and are essential for primary production and carbon sequestration. They are excellent at utilizing nutrients, providing a sustainable method of treating wastewater while also producing biomass rich in beneficial substances like vitamins, carotenoids, polysaccharides, lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, pigments, and novel bioactive molecules. Additionally, they are highly efficient organisms that can be employed to monitor the environment by acting as trustworthy indicators of water quality. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted applications of diatoms in a variety of fields, such as bioremediation, aquaculture, value-added products, and other applications. The review set out on a path towards greener, more sustainable methods amicable to both industry and the environment by utilizing theenormous diverse biotechnological potentials of diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Dhanker
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City-804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- National Taiwan Ocean University, Institute of Marine Biology, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Georgia Maria González-Meza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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14
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Akbar S, Rahman A, Ahmad N, Imran M, Hafeez Z. Understanding the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Development and Prevention of Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2024; 191:57-93. [PMID: 39133404 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55622-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), have received much attention owing to their multifaceted effects not only in the management of diverse pathological conditions but also in the maintenance of overall health of an individual. A disproportionately high n-6 to n-3 ratio contributes to the development of various disorders including cancer, which ranks as a leading cause of death worldwide with profound social and economic burden. Epidemiological studies and clinical trials combined with the animal and cell culture models have demonstrated the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in reducing the risk of various cancer types including breast, prostate and colon cancer. The anti-cancer actions of n-3 PUFAs are mainly attributed to their role in the modulation of a wide array of cellular processes including membrane dynamics, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, gene expression and signal transduction pathways. On the contrary, n-6 PUFAs have been shown to exert pro-tumor actions; however, the inconsistent findings and controversial data emphasize upon the need to further investigation. Nevertheless, one of the biggest challenges in future is to optimize the n-6 to n-3 ratio despite the genetic predisposition, age, gender and disease severity. Moreover, a better understanding of the potential risks and benefits as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the basic actions of these PUFAs is required to explore their role as adjuvants in cancer therapy. All these aspects will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Akbar
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Hafeez
- CALBINOTOX, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
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15
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Morin S, Tremblay A, Dumais E, Julien P, Flamand N, Pouliot R. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Influences the Lipid Profile of an In Vitro Psoriatic Skin Model Produced with T Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1413. [PMID: 37759812 PMCID: PMC10526348 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and an inappropriate activation of the adaptive immunity. A dysregulation of the skin's lipid mediators is reported in the disease with a predominance of the inflammatory cascade derived from n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs). Bioactive lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) are involved in the inflammatory functions of T cells in psoriasis, whereas n-3 PUFAs' derivatives are anti-inflammatory metabolites. Here, we sought to evaluate the influence of a supplementation of the culture media with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the lipid profile of a psoriatic skin model produced with polarized T cells. Healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes were produced following the auto-assembly technique. Psoriatic skin substitutes produced with or without T cells presented increased epidermal and dermal linolenic acid (LA) and AA levels. N-6 PUFA lipid mediators were strongly measured in psoriatic substitutes, namely, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). The added EPA elevated the amounts of EPA, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the epidermal and dermal phospholipids. The EPA supplementation balanced the production of epidermal lipid mediators, with an increase in prostaglandin E3 (PGE3), 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE) and N-eicosapentaenoyl-ethanolamine (EPEA) levels. These findings show that EPA modulates the lipid composition of psoriatic skin substitutes by encouraging the return to a cutaneous homeostatic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 1401 18e Rue, Québec, QC G1J 2Z4, Canada; (S.M.); (A.T.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Andréa Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 1401 18e Rue, Québec, QC G1J 2Z4, Canada; (S.M.); (A.T.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (E.D.); (N.F.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; (E.D.); (N.F.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 1401 18e Rue, Québec, QC G1J 2Z4, Canada; (S.M.); (A.T.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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16
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Donati Zeppa S, Natalucci V, Agostini D, Vallorani L, Amatori S, Sisti D, Rocchi MBL, Pazienza V, Perri F, Villani A, Binda E, Panebianco C, Mencarelli G, Ciuffreda L, Ferri Marini C, Annibalini G, Lucertini F, Bartolacci A, Imperio M, Virgili E, Catalano V, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Emili R, Barbieri E. Changes in gut microbiota composition after 12 weeks of a home-based lifestyle intervention in breast cancer survivors during the COVID-19 lockdown. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1225645. [PMID: 37727203 PMCID: PMC10505708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week home-based lifestyle intervention (based on nutrition and exercise) on gut microbial composition in twenty BC survivors of the MoviS clinical trial (protocol: NCT04818359). Methods Gut microbiota analysis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, anthropometrics, Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence, and cardiometabolic parameters were evaluated before (Pre) and after (Post) the lifestyle intervention (LI). Results Beneficial effects of the LI were observed on MD adherence, and cardiometabolic parameters (pre vs post). A robust reduction of Proteobacteria was observed after LI, which is able to reshape the gut microbiota by modulating microorganisms capable of decreasing inflammation and others involved in improving the lipid and glycemic assets of the host. A significant negative correlation between fasting glucose and Clostridia_vadinBB60 (r = -0.62), insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index and Butyricicoccus genera (r = -0.72 and -0.66, respectively), and HDL cholesterol and Escherichia/Shigella (r = -0.59) have been reported. Moreover, positive correlations were found between MD adherence and Lachnospiraceae_ND3007 (r = 0.50), Faecalibacterium (r = 0.38) and Butyricimonas (r = 0.39). Conclusion These data suggest that adopting a healthy lifestyle, may contribute to ameliorate several biological parameters that could be involved in the prevention of cancer relapses through the modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valentina Natalucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luciana Vallorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco B. L. Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Annacandida Villani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gandino Mencarelli
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Luigi Ciuffreda
- Breast Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giosué Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessia Bartolacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marta Imperio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Edy Virgili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Catalano
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, ASUR Area Vasta 1, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Rita Emili
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, ASUR Area Vasta 1, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Rasaei N, Khadem A, Masihi LS, Mirzaei K. Interaction of fatty acid quality indices and genes related to lipid homeostasis on mental health among overweight and obese women. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9580. [PMID: 37311812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction of fatty acid quality indices and genes related to lipid homeostasis on mental health among overweight and obese women. This cross-sectional study included 279 overweight and obese women for N6/N3 ratio and 378 overweight and obese women for CSI aged 18-58 years. Mental health were evaluated using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). The anthropometric indices, biochemical parameters, body composition and dietary fat quality were measured. MC4R (rs17782313) and Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) (rs3807992) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The results of the study showed that after adjusting for age, energy intake, thyroid disease, physical activity, and BMI, a positive interaction between TC genotype of MC4R and CSI on depression (β = 0.39, CI = 0.12, 0.66, P = 0.004), and DASS-21 (β = 0.074, CI = 0.04, 1.44, P = 0.036). Also, there were a marginal significant interactions between AG genotype of CAV-1 and N6/N3 ratio on depression in adjustment model1 (β = 16.83, CI = - 0.19, 33.85, P = 0.053). Our findings showed that increasing adherence to fatty acid quality indices by considering genes related to lipid homeostasis was related to increasing depression in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lilit Sardari Masihi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Wang X, Liang T, Mao Y, Li Z, Li X, Zhu X, Cao F, Zhang J. Nervonic acid improves liver inflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease by inhibiting proinflammatory signaling pathways and regulating metabolic pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154911. [PMID: 37276724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nervonic acid (NA) - a type of bioactive fatty acid that is found in natural sources - can inhibit inflammatory reactions and regulate immune system balance. Therefore, the use of NA for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has received considerable attention. Our previous study found that NA inhibited inflammatory responses in the brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse models. In addition to the brain, PD is also associated with visceral organ dysfunction, especially impaired liver function. Thus, studying the role of NA in PD-mediated inflammation of the liver is particularly important. METHODS A combined transcriptome and metabolomic approach was utilized to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of NA on the liver of PD mice. Inflammatory signaling molecules and metabolic pathway-related genes were examined in the liver using real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Liver transcriptome analysis revealed that NA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by controlling several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, such as the down-regulation of the tumor necrosis factor and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, both of which were essential in the development of inflammatory disease. In addition, liver metabolomic results revealed that metabolites related to steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism were up-regulated and those related to valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation pathways were down-regulated in NA treatment groups compared with the PD model. The integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic results showed NA significantly exerted its anti-inflammatory function by regulating the transcription and metabolic pathways of multiple genes. Particularly, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis were the crucial pathways of the anti-inflammatory action of NA. Key genes in these metabolic pathways and key molecules in inflammatory signaling pathways were also verified, which were consistent with transcriptomic results. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel insights into the liver protective effects of NA against PD mice. This study also showed that NA could be a useful dietary element for improving and treating PD-induced liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Tingyu Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Ying Mao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Zhengdou Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Xinliang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China; Institute of Rural Development and Research, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center for Gansu Distinctive Plants, Lanzhou 730070, China; Institute of Rural Development and Research, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China.
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19
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DeBalsi KL, Newman JH, Sommerville LJ, Phillips JA, Hamid R, Cogan J, Fessel JP, Evans AM, Network UD, Kennedy AD. A Case Study of Dysfunctional Nicotinamide Metabolism in a 20-Year-Old Male. Metabolites 2023; 13:399. [PMID: 36984839 PMCID: PMC10055858 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case study of a 20-year-old male with an unknown neurodegenerative disease who was referred to the Undiagnosed Diseases Network Vanderbilt Medical Center site. A previous metabolic panel showed that the patient had a critical deficiency in nicotinamide intermediates that are generated during the biosynthesis of NAD(H). We followed up on these findings by evaluating the patient's ability to metabolize nicotinamide. We performed a global metabolic profiling analysis of plasma samples that were collected: (1) under normal fed conditions (baseline), (2) after the patient had fasted, and (3) after he was challenged with a 500 mg nasogastric tube bolus of nicotinamide following the fast. Our findings showed that the patient's nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a key enzyme in NAD(H) biosynthesis and methionine metabolism, was not functional under normal fed or fasting conditions but was restored in response to the nicotinamide challenge. Altered levels of metabolites situated downstream of NNMT and in neighboring biochemical pathways provided further evidence of a baseline defect in NNMT activity. To date, this is the only report of a critical defect in NNMT activity manifesting in adulthood and leading to neurodegenerative disease. Altogether, this study serves as an important reference in the rare disease literature and also demonstrates the utility of metabolomics as a diagnostic tool for uncharacterized metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John H. Newman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | | | - Rizwan Hamid
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Joy Cogan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Joshua P. Fessel
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Damaiyanti DW, Tsai ZY, Masbuchin AN, Huang CY, Liu PY. Interplay between fish oil, obesity and cardiometabolic diabetes. J Formos Med Assoc 2023:S0929-6646(23)00098-0. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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21
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Paik B, Tong L. Polymorphisms in Lymphotoxin-Alpha as the "Missing Link" in Prognosticating Favourable Response to Omega-3 Supplementation for Dry Eye Disease: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044236. [PMID: 36835647 PMCID: PMC9965360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Elements of inflammation are found in almost all chronic ocular surface disease, such as dry eye disease. The chronicity of such inflammatory disease speaks to the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. There has been a rising interest in omega-3 fatty acids to attenuate inflammation. While many cell-based (in vitro) studies verify the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3, different human trials report discordant outcomes after supplementation. This may be due to underlying inter-individual differences in inflammatory cytokine metabolism (such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), in which genetic differences might play a role, such as polymorphisms in the lymphotoxin alpha (LT-α) gene. Inherent TNF-α production affects omega-3 response and is also associated with LT-α genotype. Therefore, LT-α genotype might predict omega-3 response. Using the NIH dbSNP, we analyzed the relative frequency of LT-α polymorphisms among various ethnicities, each weighted by the genotype's probability of positive response. While the probability of response for unknown LT-α genotypes are 50%, there is greater distinction in response rates between various genotypes. Hence, there is value in genetic testing to prognosticate an individual's response to omega-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Paik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6227-7255
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22
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Shabbir MA, Mehak F, Khan MR, Ahmed W, Nawaz MF, Hassoun A, Bhat ZF, Aadil RM. Unraveling the role of natural functional oils in modulating osteoarthritis related complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6881-6901. [PMID: 36762672 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2176815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease and has been studied extensively in recent years as no promising therapy available so far for its treatment and remains a great challenge for health care specialists. Although the identification of some major mechanisms that contribute to this disease suggests a plethora of bioactive agents in tackling the associated complications yet OA's pathophysiology is still poorly understood owing to complex mechanistic changes observed. Experimental research is now exploring a wide range of therapeutically effective agents in an effort to find a way to repair OA-related joint degeneration and halt it from getting worse. Data was acquired and reviewed from most relevant and recent studies. This review summarizes the studies that are currently available and focuses on how various unconventional functional oils affect osteoarthritis and the affected joint tissues. An analysis of the recent scientific literature allowed us to highlight the potential anti-arthritic properties of edible oils and their main constituents, which seems to suggest an interesting new potential therapeutic application. Due to eccentric nature of OA, it is necessary to concentrate initially on the management of symptoms. The evidence supporting functional oils chondroprotective potential is still accumulating, underpinning a global need for more sustainable natural sources of treatment. More clinical research that focuses on the consequences of long-term treatment, possible negative effects, and epigenetic implications is necessary to get optimistic results. However, different animal or clinical studies suggest that linolenic and linoleic fatty acids decreased chondrocyte oxidative stress, cartilage breakdown, and expression of inflammatory markers. Distinct fatty acids along with minor components of oils also reduced the generation of prostaglandins and decreased oxidative stress. Furthermore, the potential roles of the main components of edible oils and possible negative results (if any) are also reported. While no severe side effects have been reported for any edible oils. Overall, these studies identify and support the use of functional oils as an adjuvant therapy for the management of OA and as a means of symptomatic alleviation for OA patients. However, to prove the effectiveness or to draw precise conclusions, high-quality clinical trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Mehak
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan Nawaz
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Zuhaib F Bhat
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, SKUAST-J, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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23
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Panezai J, van Dyke T. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Immunomodulatory Actions in Periodontal Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040821. [PMID: 36839179 PMCID: PMC9965392 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a diverse set of molecules with remarkable contributions to human physiology. They not only serve as sources of fuel but also cellular structural components as well as substrates that provide bioactive metabolites. A growing body of evidence demonstrates their role in inflammation. Inflammation in the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm contributes to the pathology of periodontitis. The role PUFAs in modulating immuno-inflammatory reactions in periodontitis is only beginning to be uncovered as research continues to unravel their far-reaching immunologic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Panezai
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Thomas van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Centre for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard Faculty of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and corneal nerve health: Current evidence and future directions. Ocul Surf 2023; 27:1-12. [PMID: 36328309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Corneal nerves play a key role in maintaining ocular surface integrity. Corneal nerve damage, from local or systemic conditions, can lead to ocular discomfort, pain, and, if poorly managed, neurotrophic keratopathy. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential dietary components that play a key role in neural development, maintenance, and function. Their potential application in modulating ocular and systemic inflammation has been widely reported. Omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites also have neuroprotective properties and can confer benefit in neurodegenerative disease. Several preclinical studies have shown that topical administration of omega-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators promote corneal nerve recovery following corneal surgery. Dietary omega-3 PUFA supplementation can also reduce corneal epithelial nerve loss and promote corneal nerve regeneration in diabetes. Omega-3 PUFAs and their lipid mediators thus show promise as therapeutic approaches to modulate corneal nerve health in ocular and systemic disease. This review discusses the role of dietary omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining ocular surface health and summarizes the possible applications of omega-3 PUFAs in the management of ocular and systemic conditions that cause corneal nerve damage. In examining the current evidence, this review also highlights relatively underexplored applications of omega-3 PUFAs in conferring neuroprotection and addresses their therapeutic potential in mediating corneal nerve regeneration.
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25
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West AL, von Gerichten J, Irvine NA, Miles EA, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. Fatty acid composition and metabolic partitioning of α-linolenic acid are contingent on life stage in human CD3 + T lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079642. [PMID: 36582247 PMCID: PMC9792684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune function changes across the life course; the fetal immune system is characterised by tolerance while that of seniors is less able to respond effectively to antigens and is more pro-inflammatory than in younger adults. Lipids are involved centrally in immune function but there is limited information about how T cell lipid metabolism changes during the life course. Methods and Results We investigated whether life stage alters fatty acid composition, lipid droplet content and α-linolenic acid (18:3ω-3) metabolism in human fetal CD3+ T lymphocytes and in CD3+ T lymphocytes from adults (median 41 years) and seniors (median 70 years). Quiescent fetal T cells had higher saturated (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than adults or seniors. Activation-induced changes in fatty acid composition differed between life stages. The principal metabolic fates of [13C]18:3ω-3 were constitutive hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid synthesis and β-oxidation and carbon recycling into SFA and MUFA. These processes declined progressively across the life course. Longer chain ω-3 PUFA synthesis was a relatively minor metabolic fate of 18:3ω-3 at all life stages. Fetal and adult T lymphocytes had similar lipid droplet contents, which were lower than in T cells from seniors. Variation in the lipid droplet content of adult T cells accounted for 62% of the variation in mitogen-induced CD69 expression, but there was no significant relationship in fetal cells or lymphocytes from seniors. Discussion Together these findings show that fatty acid metabolism in human T lymphocytes changes across the life course in a manner that may facilitate the adaptation of immune function to different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna von Gerichten
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A. Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Graham C. Burdge,
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26
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Domínguez-Balmaseda D, Del-Blanco-Muñiz JÁ, González-de-la-Flor A, García-Pérez-de-Sevilla G. Associations between Fatty Acid Intake and Tension-Type Headache: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237139. [PMID: 36498721 PMCID: PMC9736193 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with tension-type headache (TTH) are characterized by recurrent pain that can become disabling. Identifying the dietary triggers of headaches has led to defining dietary strategies to prevent this disease. In fact, excessive dietary intake of Omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids, or an ω-6: ω3 ≥ 5 ratio, typical of Western diets, has been associated with a higher prevalence of headaches. The objectives of the present study were to compare dietary fatty acid intake between participants with and without chronic TTH and to investigate the association between dietary fatty acid intake, pain characteristics, and quality of life in patients with chronic TTH. METHODS An observational study was conducted, comparing healthy participants (n = 24) and participants diagnosed with chronic TTH for more than six months (n = 24). The variables analyzed were dietary fatty acid intake variables, the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and the characteristics of the headache episodes (intensity, frequency, and duration). RESULTS The TTH group reported a significantly higher intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) but similar intakes of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and ω-6: ω-3 ratio when compared to controls. Furthermore, in the TTH group, the Ω-6 fatty acid intake was associated with more intense headache episodes. In addition, the TTH group reported a significant impact of headaches on their activities of daily living according to the HIT-6. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of SFAs and Ω-6 fatty acids were associated with more severe headache episodes in patients with TTH. Therefore, the characteristics of the diet, in particular the dietary fatty acid intake, should be considered when treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - José Ángel Del-Blanco-Muñiz
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Angel González-de-la-Flor
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
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Liu S, Xing J, Zheng Z, Liu Z, Song F, Liu S. Effect of Qishen granules on isoproterenol-induced chronic heart failure in rats evaluated by comprehensive metabolomics. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4573-4586. [PMID: 35906729 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Qishen granules (QSG), a Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used in the treatment of myocardial ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF) for many years, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, comprehensive metabolomics was used to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of QSG in an isoproterenol-induced CHF rat model. A total of 14 biomarkers were identified in serum and 34 biomarkers in urine, which were mainly related to fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and inflammation. Finally, 22 markers were selected for quantitative analysis of serum, urine, and fecal samples to verify the reliability of the results of untargeted metabolomics, and the results were similar to those of untargeted metabolomics. The correlation analysis showed that the targeted quantitative endogenous metabolites and CHF-related indexes were closely related. QSG might alleviate myocardial inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and amino acid metabolism disorder in CHF by regulating the level of endogenous metabolites. This study revealed QSG could regulate potential biomarkers and correlated metabolic pathway, which provided support for the further application of QSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junpeng Xing
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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28
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Elisia I, Yeung M, Kowalski S, Wong J, Rafiei H, Dyer RA, Atkar-Khattra S, Lam S, Krystal G. Omega 3 supplementation reduces C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E 2 and the granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio in heavy smokers: An open-label randomized crossover trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1051418. [PMID: 36532545 PMCID: PMC9751896 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1051418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the current controversy concerning the efficacy of omega 3 supplements at reducing inflammation, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of omega 3 on reducing inflammation in people with a 6-year lung cancer risk >1.5% and a C reactive protein (CRP) level >2 mg/L in a phase IIa cross-over study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine healthy participants ages 55 to 80, who were still smoking or had smoked in the past with ≥30 pack-years smoking history, living in British Columbia, Canada, were randomized in an open-label trial to receive 2.4 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 1.2 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/day for 6 months followed by observation for 6 months or observation for 6 months first and then active treatment for the next 6 months. Blood samples were collected over 1 year for measurement of plasma CRP, plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane levels of EPA, DHA and other fatty acids, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and an inflammatory marker panel. RESULTS Twenty one participants who began the trial within the active arm completed the trial while 20 participants who started in the control arm completed the study. Taking omega 3 resulted in a significant decrease in plasma CRP and PGE2 but not LTB4 levels. Importantly, the effect size for the primary outcome, CRP values, at the end of the intervention relative to baseline was medium (Cohen's d = 0.56). DHA, but not EPA levels in RBC membranes inversely correlated with PGE2 levels. Omega 3 also led to a significant reduction in granulocytes and an increase in lymphocytes. These high-dose omega 3 supplements were well tolerated, with only minor gastrointestinal symptoms in a subset of participants. CONCLUSION Omega 3 fatty acids taken at 3.6 g/day significantly reduce systemic inflammation with negligible adverse health effects in people who smoke or have smoked and are at high risk of lung cancer.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT number: NCT03936621.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Elisia
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Yeung
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sara Kowalski
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wong
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Roger A. Dyer
- Analytical Core for Metabolomics and Nutrition, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- The Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Lê A, Mantel M, Marchix J, Bodinier M, Jan G, Rolli-Derkinderen M. Inflammatory bowel disease therapeutic strategies by modulation of the microbiota: how and when to introduce pre-, pro-, syn-, or postbiotics? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G523-G553. [PMID: 36165557 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00002.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), a heterogeneous group of inflammatory conditions that encompass both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, represent a major public health concern. The etiology of IBD is not yet fully understood and no cure is available, with current treatments only showing long-term effectiveness in a minority of patients. A need to increase our knowledge on IBD pathophysiology is growing, to define preventive measures, to improve disease outcome, and to develop new effective and lasting treatments. IBD pathogenesis is sustained by aberrant immune responses, associated with alterations of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), modifications of the enteric nervous system, and changes in microbiota composition. Currently, most of the treatments target the inflammation and the immune system, but holistic approaches targeting lifestyle and diet improvements are emerging. As dysbiosis is involved in IBD pathogenesis, pre-, pro-, syn-, and postbiotics are used/tested to reduce the inflammation or strengthen the IEB. The present review will resume these works, pointing out the stage of life, the duration, and the environmental conditions that should go along with microbiota or microbiota-derived treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Lê
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes Université, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Marine Mantel
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes Université, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut Agro, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Rennes, France
| | - Justine Marchix
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes Université, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Bodinier
- Unité de Recherche 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, I Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf, Agrocampus Ouest, Institut Agro, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Rennes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes Université, Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, Nantes, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Basile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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31
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Aravagiri K, Ali A, Wang HC, Candido KD, Knezevic NN. Identifying molecular mechanisms of acute to chronic pain transition and potential drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:801-810. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2137404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Aravagiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam Ali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hank C Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Candido
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Spahr A, Divnic‐Resnik T. Impact of health and lifestyle food supplements on periodontal tissues and health. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:146-175. [PMID: 35916868 PMCID: PMC9804634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the new classification, periodontitis is defined as a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. This definition, based on the current scientific evidence, clearly indicates and emphasizes, beside the microbial component dental biofilm, the importance of the inflammatory reaction in the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. The idea to modulate this inflammatory reaction in order to decrease or even cease the progressive destruction was, therefore, a logical consequence. Attempts to achieve this goal involve various kinds of anti-inflammatory drugs or medications. However, there is also an increasing effort in using food supplements or so-called natural food ingredients to modulate patients' immune responses and maybe even improve the healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of this chapter of Periodontology 2000 is to review the evidence of various food supplements and ingredients regarding their possible effects on periodontal inflammation and wound healing. This review may help researchers and clinicians to evaluate the current evidence and to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Spahr
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tihana Divnic‐Resnik
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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33
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Association of Serum Lipid Level with Meibum Biosynthesis and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144010. [PMID: 35887773 PMCID: PMC9323051 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary role of meibomian glands (MGs) is to actively synthesize and secret lipids and proteins spread onto the tear film, and the glandular lipids promote tear stability, prevent evaporation, and reduce friction. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye disease and one of the most common ophthalmic problems worldwide. MGs are densely innervated and regulated by hormones and growth factors. However, since the polar and nonpolar lipids are produced through processes in MGs that are not completely understood, a relevant question has been raised: Would the altered systemic lipids metabolism affect the physiology and structure of MGs? This review introduces the recent update regarding the relationships between serum lipid and MGD in clinical and basic research while providing answers to this question. A causal relationship remains to be established; however, serum lipid level or dyslipidemia may be related to MGD directly or indirectly, or both. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of serum lipid level and meibocyte differentiation/maturation and lipid synthesis.
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34
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Fu Y, Yang Y, Zhu L, Chen J, Yu N, Zhao M. Effect of dietary n-6: n-3 Poly-Unsaturated fatty acids ratio on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:583-587. [PMID: 35549805 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2073995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary n-6: n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 pregnant women were prospectively included for detailed information on dietary intake at 16-18 weeks evaluated using a three-day food record, and subsequent GDM diagnosis at 24-28 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups for analysis: GDM group (n = 22) and control group (n = 78) based on oral glucose tolerance test results performed between 24 and 28 weeks. RESULTS The average dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio in the control group was 5.63 ± 2.12 and that in the GDM group was 8.35 ± 3.45, within a significant difference (p < .05). A significant difference was associated with a higher dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio and GDM (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29, 95%confidence interval:1.303, 14.124). CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with higher odds of GDM. Given the small sample, further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Fu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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35
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Yang T, Zhao J, Liu F, Li Y. Lipid metabolism and endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:858-889. [PMID: 35639910 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has now been recognized as a high-risk factor for reproductive health. Although remarkable advancements have been made in ART, a considerable number of infertile obese women still suffer from serial implantation failure, despite the high quality of embryos transferred. Although obesity has long been known to exert various deleterious effects on female fertility, the underlying mechanisms, especially the roles of lipid metabolism in endometrial receptivity, remain largely elusive. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes current evidence on the impacts of several major lipids and lipid-derived mediators on the embryonic implantation process. Emerging methods for evaluating endometrial receptivity, for example transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis, are also discussed. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the following keywords: (lipid or fatty acid or prostaglandin or phospholipid or sphingolipid or endocannabinoid or lysophosphatidic acid or cholesterol or progesterone or estrogen or transcriptomic or lipidomic or obesity or dyslipidemia or polycystic ovary syndrome) AND (endometrial receptivity or uterine receptivity or embryo implantation or assisted reproductive technology or in vitro fertilization or embryo transfer). A comprehensive literature search was performed on the roles of lipid-related metabolic pathways in embryo implantation published between January 1970 and March 2022. Only studies with original data and reviews published in English were included in this review. Additional information was obtained from references cited in the articles resulting from the literature search. OUTCOMES Recent studies have shown that a fatty acids-related pro-inflammatory response in the embryo-endometrium boundary facilitates pregnancy via mediation of prostaglandin signaling. Phospholipid-derived mediators, for example endocannabinoids, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are associated with endometrial receptivity, embryo spacing and decidualization based on evidence from both animal and human studies. Progesterone and estrogen are two cholesterol-derived steroid hormones that synergistically mediate the structural and functional alterations in the uterus ready for blastocyst implantation. Variations in serum cholesterol profiles throughout the menstrual cycle imply a demand for steroidogenesis at the time of window of implantation (WOI). Since 2002, endometrial transcriptomic analysis has been serving as a diagnostic tool for WOI dating. Numerous genes that govern lipid homeostasis have been identified and, based on specific alterations of lipidomic signatures differentially expressed in WOI, lipidomic analysis of endometrial fluid provides a possibility for non-invasive diagnosis of lipids alterations during the WOI. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Given that lipid metabolic dysregulation potentially plays a role in infertility, a better understanding of lipid metabolism could have significant clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
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Shen J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ma J, Fang X, Das UN, Yao K. Beneficial Actions of Essential Fatty Acids in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890277. [PMID: 35669071 PMCID: PMC9164285 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential fatty acids (EFA), n3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and n6 linoleic acid (LA) are of benefit in diabetes mellitus, but their mechanisms of action are unknown. We, therefore, examined the effects of EFAs on the metabolism, gut microbiota, and inflammatory and retinal histopathology indices in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) animals, and we assessed the levels of vitreal lipoxin A4 (LXA4)-derived from LA-in subjects with diabetic retinopathy (DR). STZ-induced T1DM rats received LA or ALA 100 μg/day intraperitoneally on alternate days for 21 days, and their blood glucose; lipid profile; plasma, hepatic, and retinal fatty acid profiles (by gas chromatography); retinal histology; activities of hepatic and retinal desaturases; and inflammatory markers (by qRT-PCR) were evaluated. Gut microbiota composition was assayed by 16S rDNA sequencing technology of the fecal samples, and their short-chain fatty acids and bile acids were assayed by gas chromatography, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The human vitreal fatty acid profiles of subjects with proliferative DR and LXA4 levels were measured. LA and ALA significantly improved the plasma glucose and lipid levels; increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae (the ALA-treated group), Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_010, and Ruminococcus_1 (the LA-treated group) bacteria; enhanced acetate and butyrate levels; and augmented fecal and hepatic concentrations of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and tauro ursodeoxycholic acid in ALA- and LA-treated animals. Significant STZ-induced decreases in plasma LA, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and ALA levels reverted to near normal, following LA and ALA treatments. Significant changes in the expression of desaturases; COX-2, 5-LOX, and 12-LOX enzymes; and cytokines in T1DM were reverted to near normal by EFAs. DR subjects also had low retinal LXA4 levels. The results of the present study show that ALA and LA are of significant benefit in reversing metabolism, gut microbiota, and inflammatory and retinal index changes seen in T1DM, suggesting that EFAs are of benefit in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Shen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kandi, India
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Johnson WT, Dorn NC, Ogbonna DA, Bottini N, Shah NJ. Lipid-based regulators of immunity. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10288. [PMID: 35600637 PMCID: PMC9115682 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids constitute a diverse class of molecular regulators with ubiquitous physiological roles in sustaining life. These carbon-rich compounds are primarily sourced from exogenous sources and may be used directly as structural cellular building blocks or as a substrate for generating signaling mediators to regulate cell behavior. In both of these roles, lipids play a key role in both immune activation and suppression, leading to inflammation and resolution, respectively. The simple yet elegant structural properties of lipids encompassing size, hydrophobicity, and molecular weight enable unique biodistribution profiles that facilitate preferential accumulation in target tissues to modulate relevant immune cell subsets. Thus, the structural and functional properties of lipids can be leveraged to generate new materials as pharmacological agents for potently modulating the immune system. Here, we discuss the properties of three classes of lipids: polyunsaturated fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, and lipid adjuvants. We describe their immunoregulatory functions in modulating disease pathogenesis in preclinical models and in human clinical trials. We conclude with an outlook on harnessing the diverse and potent immune modulating properties of lipids for immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade T. Johnson
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas C. Dorn
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dora A. Ogbonna
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Program in ImmunologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nisarg J. Shah
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Program in ImmunologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Papadopoulos PD, Tsigalou C, Valsamaki PN, Konstantinidis TG, Voidarou C, Bezirtzoglou E. The Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050948. [PMID: 35625685 PMCID: PMC9139035 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The collection of normally non-pathogenic microorganisms that mainly inhabit our gut lumen shapes our health in many ways. Structural and functional perturbations in the gut microbial pool, known as “dysbiosis”, have been proven to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although therapeutic regimes are available to treat this group of diseases, they have long been the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. While age, sex, genetics, diet, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption are major contributors (World Health Organization, 2018), they cannot explain all of the consequences of CVD. In addition to the abovementioned traditional risk factors, the constant search for novel preventative and curative tools has shed light on the involvement of gut bacteria and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of CVD. In this narrative review, we will discuss the established interconnections between the gut microbiota and CVD, as well as the plausible therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis D. Papadopoulos
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Pipitsa N. Valsamaki
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | | | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Master Programme Food, Nutrition and Microbiome, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (P.D.P.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Miao LH, Remø SC, Espe M, Philip AJP, Hamre K, Fjelldal PG, Skjærven K, Holen E, Vikeså V, Sissener NH. Dietary plant oil supplemented with arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid affects the fatty acid composition and eicosanoid metabolism of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during smoltification. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:194-206. [PMID: 35227881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate whether a "natural diet" (mimicking the fatty acid composition of freshwater aquatic insects eaten by salmon parr) during the freshwater (FW) life stage of pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) affected red blood cells and gill fatty acid composition as well as eicosanoid metabolism in gill during smolting at different temperatures. Before being transferred to seawater (SW), salmon parr were fed with a modified (MO) diet containing vegetable oils (rapeseed, palm, and linseed oils) supplemented with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) to completely replace the fish oil (FO). Fatty acid composition in red blood cells and gill tissues was determined before SW transfer and six weeks after. Additionally, the expression of genes associated with eicosanoid metabolism and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in salmon gill was examined at different temperatures before SW transfer and 24 h after. The results showed the changes in fatty acid composition, including sum monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ARA, EPA, and sum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in both red blood cells and gill tissues at the FW stage were consistent with the fatty acid profiles of the supplied MO and FO fish diets; however sum EPA and DHA composition exhibited opposite trends to those of the FO diet. The proportion of ARA, EPA, and n-6 PUFA increased, whereas sum MUFAs and DHA decreased in the red blood cells and gill tissues of MO-fed fish compared to those fed with the FO diet at FW stage. Additionally, 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (Flap) expression was downregulated in MO-fed fish prior to SW transfer. During the process of SW transfer at different temperatures, the MO diet remarkably suppressed NKAα1a expression in MO-fed fish both at 12 and 16 °C. The MO diet also upregulated phospholipase A2 group IV (PLA2g4) expression in gills at 8, 12, and 16 °C, but suppressed phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2g6) expression in gills at 12 °C compared to FO-fed fish at 12 °C and MO-fed fish at 8 °C. The MO diet also upregulated Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) expression at 8 °C compared to FO-fed fish and increased Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) expression in MO-fed fish at 16 °C compared to both FO-fed fish at 16 °C and MO-fed fish at 8 °C. Our study also determined that both SW transfer water temperatures and diets during the FW period jointly influenced the mRNA expression of PLA2g4, PLA2g6, and Lpl, whereas 5-Lox was more sensitive to dietary changes. In conclusion, the MO diet affected the fatty acid composition in gill and in red blood cells. When transferred to SW, dietary ARA supplementation could promote the bioavailability for eicosanoid synthesis in gill mainly via PLA2g4 activation, and potentially inhibit the stress and inflammatory response caused by different water temperatures through dietary EPA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Miao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), No. 9 East Shanshui Road, Wuxi Jiangsu, 214081, PR China; Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
| | - S C Remø
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Espe
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - A J P Philip
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Hamre
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - P G Fjelldal
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Skjærven
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Holen
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - V Vikeså
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway; Skretting ARC (Aquaculture Research Centre), Sjøhagen 3, 4016, Stavanger, Norway
| | - N H Sissener
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Postboks 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
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Qin Y, He L, Wang Y, Li D, Chen W, Ye J. Growth performance, fatty acid composition, and lipid metabolism are altered in groupers ( Epinephelus coioides) by dietary fish oil replacement with palm oil. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:102-113. [PMID: 34977380 PMCID: PMC8669253 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a 56-d feeding trial to investigate the effects of replacing the fish oil (FO) with palm oil (PO) on the performance, tissue fatty acid (FA) composition, and mRNA levels of genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Five isolipidic (13% crude lipid) and isonitrogenous (48% CP) diets were formulated by incrementally adding PO to the control diet (25% fish meal and 9% added FO) to replace FO in the control diets. Triplicate groups of 30 groupers (initial weight: 12.6 ± 0.1 g) were fed one of the diets twice daily, to apparent satiety. The replacement of FO with 50% PO revealed maximum growth without affecting the performance and whole-body proximate compositions, and replacing FO with 100% PO revealed a comparable (P > 0.05) growth with that of the control diet, suggesting PO as a suitable alternative to FO. The analysis of FA profiles in the dorsal muscle and liver though reflected the FA profile of the diet, PO substitutions above 50% could compromise (P < 0.05) the FA profile in the liver and flesh of the fish species in comparison with the control diet. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of FAS, G6PD, LPL, PPARΑ, and Δ6FAD genes in the liver had positive linear and/or quadratic responses, but the SCD, HSL, ATGL, FABP, SREBP-1C and ELOVL5 had the opposite trend, with increasing dietary PO inclusion levels, whereas the mRNA level of ACC was not affected by dietary treatments. The optimal level of PO substitution for FO was estimated to be 47.1% of the feed, based on the regression analysis of percent weight gains against dietary PO inclusion levels; however, it might affect the FA profile in the liver and flesh of the fish species, and further study is required to investigate whether the changes in tissue FA composition will affect the welfare and market value over a production cycle of grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanfei Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Dong Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jidan Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Al-Alaiyan S, Elsaidawi W, Alanazi AM, Qeretli RA, Abdulaziz NA, Alfattani A. Ursodeoxycholic Acid and SMOFlipid for Treating Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis in Infants. Cureus 2022; 14:e22060. [PMID: 35295369 PMCID: PMC8916914 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) is frequently seen in preterm infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for a long duration. The pathogenesis of PNAC is believed to be multifactorial; however, phytosterols are hepatotoxic, resulting in cholestasis. A novel lipid emulsion consisting of a mixture of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil (SMOFlipid) with a low level of phytosterols has been shown to improve cholestasis. Moreover, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has improved bile flow and normalized liver function tests. This study aimed to determine the effect of UDCA and SMOFlipid in preventing and treating PNAC in infants. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all infants who received TPN for at least five days between January 2010 and December 2018, who also received UDCA for the treatment of cholestasis, and infants who developed cholestasis but were not treated with UDCA. In addition, any infants who received SMOFlipid for parenteral nutrition during the same period were included. We recorded multiple variables, including neonatal demographic data, major medical diagnosis, liver function, medications, and maternal variables. Results: A total of 58 infants with cholestasis who received UDCA for treatment were identified. The infants were divided into two groups, Group 1 infants had gestational age (GA) of ≤32 weeks, and Group 2 had GA of >32 weeks. We found that combining SMOFlipid with UDCA resulted in a significant reduction in cholestasis duration in both groups. Infants in Group 1 who received SMOFlipid had cholestasis for a mean of 67 ± 57 days, and those who did not receive SMOFlipid had cholestasis for a mean of 145 ± 102 days (p=0.04). Infants in Group 2 who received SMOFlipid had cholestasis for a mean of 38.2 ± 28 days, and those who did not receive SMOFlipid had cholestasis for a mean of 117 ± 119 days (p=0.02). Conclusions: According to our results, the use of UDCA and SMOFlipid reduced the duration of parenteral nutrition-associated with cholestasis in very low birth weight infants.
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal Fatty Acid Metabolism in Pregnancy and Its Consequences in the Feto-Placental Development. Front Physiol 2022; 12:787848. [PMID: 35126178 PMCID: PMC8811195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.787848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal plasma fatty acids are critically required for cell growth and development, cell signaling, and the development of critical structural and functional aspects of the feto-placental unit. In addition, the fatty acids modulate the early stages of placental development by regulating angiogenesis in the first-trimester human placenta. Preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the third trimester is critical for optimal fetal brain development. Maternal status such as obesity, diabetes, and dietary intakes may affect the functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in maternal-fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Fatty acids traverse the placental membranes via several plasma membrane fatty acid transport/binding proteins (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, and FFARs) and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). This review discusses the maternal metabolism of fatty acids and their effects on early placentation, placental fatty acid transport and metabolism, and their roles in feto-placental growth and development. The review also highlights how maternal fat metabolism modulates lipid processing, including transportation, esterification, and oxidation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Asim K. Duttaroy,
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
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Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Lower Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020278. [PMID: 35057462 PMCID: PMC8780598 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of disability, yet current prevention and treatment approaches have only had modest effects. It is important to better understand the role of dietary patterns on depressive symptoms, which may help prevent depression or complement current treatments. This study examined whether adherence to a Mediterranean diet (Med Diet), determined by the Alternate Med Diet score (aMED), was associated with depressive symptoms in a representative sample of U.S. adults. The aMED score (range 0–9) was calculated from a 24-h diet recall with gender-specific quartiles (Q) estimated. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to define depressive symptoms, which was dichotomized as no to mild (0–9) versus moderate to severe symptoms (10–27). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between quartiles of aMED and depressive symptoms when controlling for sociodemographics, total calories, and the time of year of diet recall; 7.9% of the sample had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Compared to individuals with the lowest aMED (Q1), individuals in Q3 and Q4 had 40% and 45% lower odds of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50, 0.74; OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.84, respectively). This study provides modest support of Med Diet’s role in supporting positive mental health.
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Fan Y, Zhao L, Deng Z, Li M, Huang Z, Zhu M, Xu W. Non-linear association between Mediterranean diet and depressive symptom in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:936283. [PMID: 35911213 PMCID: PMC9334730 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.936283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MED), a dietary pattern rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, fish, and olive oil, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Although some data suggest that MED adherence is associated with decreased manifestation of depressive symptoms, it remains necessary to further analyze this apparent non-linear association as well as the influence of different factors on the relationship between MED and depression. Here, we investigated associations between the alternate MED (aMED) score and depressive symptom via multivariate logistic regression, weighted generalized additive (GAM) and two-step linear regression models, analyzing data from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The most important factor relevant to aMED score that contributed to the prevalence of depressive symptom was assessed using random forest. Furthermore, we examined whether the relationship between aMED score and depressive symptom differs by age, race, sex, socioeconomic variables, lifestyle- and health-related variables, and chronic medical conditions, via subgroup analyses. A total of 19,477 participants (20-80 years of age) were included in this cross-sectional study. In crude and adjusted (1-5) multivariate logistic regression models, increased aMED score was noted to associate with non-depressive status, as defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (P < 0.05). Data analyses via GAM and two-piecewise linear regression revealed a non-linear association between aMED and depressive symptom, which had an inflection point of 3. Random forest results revealed that vegetable score contributes greatest to the relationship between aMED and depressive symptom. Subgroup analyses revealed that aMED score is significantly negatively related with depressive symptom in most different populations (P < 0.05) with the exception of high annual income, diabetes, borderline blood glucose level and Parkinson's disease (PD) (P > 0.05). In conclusion, we observed a non-linear association between aMED score and depressive symptom. Further studies are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Fan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyuan Deng
- Gaozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaozhou, China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Chatterjee D, Chatterjee A, Kalra D, Kapoor A, Vijay S, Jain S. Role of adjunct use of omega 3 fatty acids in periodontal therapy of periodontitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:55-62. [PMID: 34760614 PMCID: PMC8566999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host modulation therapy has emerged as a new concept for the treatment of periodontal disease. Recently, a lot of research is being done in product containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA). Omega-3 PUFA have therapeutic, anti-inflammatory and protective properties. This systematic review analysed the adjunctive use of omega-3 fatty acids in periodontal therapy of periodontitis patients. METHODS PICO question (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) was formed. Keywords were generated and were fed in databases. The databases were Pubmed, Cochrane library and LIVIVO. Studies selected are Randomized clinical trial, clinical studies, and longitudinal studies. Meta -analysis were performed for Pocket depth (PD), Clinical attachment level (CAL), Gingival index (GI) and Plaque Index (PI). Risk of bias was also assessed. RESULTS On analysis of all the 8 studies at 3 months showed significant effect of omega -3 fatty acid on clinical attachment level (CAL), Pocket depth (PD). There was significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids in 4 studies at 6 months. CONCLUSION Within the limitation of the review, omega- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids seems to have a positive effect on periodontal healing following periodontal therapy. Chronic periodontitis patient should be counselled to incorporate omega -3 fatty acid in their diet along with standard periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dheeraj Kalra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, YMT Dental College, Mumbai, India
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Abachi S, Pilon G, Marette A, Bazinet L, Beaulieu L. Immunomodulatory effects of fish peptides on cardiometabolic syndrome associated risk factors: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2014861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Magalhães R, Guardiola F, Guerreiro I, Fontinha F, Moutinho S, Olsen R, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A. Effect of different dietary arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid content on selected immune parameters in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Strath LJ, Totsch SK, Quinn TL, Menard M, Philip George A, Lukens SL, Simmons J, Zhang Y, Sorge RE. The effect of the Standard American Diet on Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the spinal cord before and after peripheral inflammatory injury in rats. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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A target lipidomics approach to investigate the acute inflammatory irritation induced by indolealkylamines from Chansu water fraction in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:856-867. [PMID: 34844724 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chansu has demonstrated adverse reactions in clinical settings, which is associated with its toxicity and limits its clinical applications. But there are methodological limitations for drug safety evaluation. In the current study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, lipidomic profiling, and molecular docking were used to systemically assess Chansu-induced acute inflammatory irritation and further identify the underlying drug targets. Compared with the EtOAc extract, Chansu water fraction containing indolealkylamines caused acute inflammatory irritation in rats, including acute pain (spontaneous raising foot reaction), and inflammation (paw edema). At the molecular level, lipids analysis revealed significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators of the COX and LOX pathways. However, anti-inflammatory mediators from the CYP 450, ALA, and DHA pathways markedly decreased after exposure to Chansu water fraction. Moreover, four indolealkylamines from Chansu showed a high theoretical affinity to a known irritation target, 5-HT2AR. These results suggest that Chansu-induced inflammatory irritation is related to the distinct dysregulation of inflammatory lipids, and peripheral 5-HT2AR is a potential target for irritation therapy. The strategy used in this study can be a crucial approach in the safety evaluation of natural medicinal substances.
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50
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von Gerichten J, West AL, Irvine NA, Miles EA, Calder PC, Lillycrop KA, Fielding BA, Burdge GC. The Partitioning of Newly Assimilated Linoleic and α-Linolenic Acids Between Synthesis of Longer-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Hydroxyoctadecaenoic Acids Is a Putative Branch Point in T-Cell Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740749. [PMID: 34675928 PMCID: PMC8523940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) ≥20 carbons long are required for leukocyte function. These can be obtained from the diet, but there is some evidence that leukocytes can convert essential fatty acids (EFAs) into LCPUFAs. We used stable isotope tracers to investigate LCPUFA biosynthesis and the effect of different EFA substrate ratios in human T lymphocytes. CD3+ T cells were incubated for up to 48 h with or without concanavalin A in media containing a 18:2n-6:18:3n-3 (EFA) ratio of either 5:1 or 8:1 and [13C]18:3n-3 plus [d5]18:2n-6. Mitogen stimulation increased the amounts of 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6, 18:3n-3, and 20:5n-3 in T cells. Expression of the activation marker CD69 preceded increased FADS2 and FADS1 mRNA expression and increased amounts of [d5]20:2n-6 and [13C]20:3n-3 at 48 h. In addition, 22-carbon n-6 or n-3 LCPUFA synthesis was not detected, consistent with the absence of ELOVL2 expression. An EFA ratio of 8:1 reduced 18:3n-3 conversion and enhanced 20:2n-6 synthesis compared to a 5:1 ratio. Here, [d5]9- and [d5]-13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE) and [13C]9- and [13C]13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acids (HOTrE) were the major labelled oxylipins in culture supernatants; labelled oxylipins ≥20 carbons were not detected. An EFA ratio of 8:1 suppressed 9- and 13-HOTrE synthesis, but there was no significant effect on 9- and 13-HODE synthesis. These findings suggest that partitioning of newly assimilated EFA between LCPUFA synthesis and hydroxyoctadecaenoic acid may be a metabolic branch point in T-cell EFA metabolism that has implications for understanding the effects of dietary fats on T lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna von Gerichten
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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