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Calzetta L, Page C, Matera MG, Cazzola M, Rogliani P. Use of human airway smooth muscle in vitro and ex vivo to investigate drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:610-639. [PMID: 37859567 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated airway smooth muscle has been extensively investigated since 1840 to understand the pharmacology of airway diseases. There has often been poor predictability from murine experiments to drugs evaluated in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the use of isolated human airways represents a sensible strategy to optimise the development of innovative molecules for the treatment of respiratory diseases. This review aims to provide updated evidence on the current uses of isolated human airways in validated in vitro methods to investigate drugs in development for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders. This review also provides historical notes on the pioneering pharmacological research on isolated human airway tissues, the key differences between human and animal airways, as well as the pivotal differences between human medium bronchi and small airways. Experiments carried out with isolated human bronchial tissues in vitro and ex vivo replicate many of the main anatomical, pathophysiological, mechanical and immunological characteristics of patients with asthma or COPD. In vitro models of asthma and COPD using isolated human airways can provide information that is directly translatable into humans with obstructive lung diseases. Regardless of the technique used to investigate drugs for the treatment of chronic obstructive respiratory disorders (i.e., isolated organ bath systems, videomicroscopy and wire myography), the most limiting factors to produce high-quality and repeatable data remain closely tied to the manual skills of the researcher conducting experiments and the availability of suitable tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Clive Page
- Pulmonary Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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2
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Hanč P, Messou MA, Wang Y, von Andrian UH. Control of myeloid cell functions by nociceptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127571. [PMID: 37006298 PMCID: PMC10064072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to protect the host from infectious agents, parasites, and tumor growth, and to ensure the maintenance of homeostasis. Similarly, the primary function of the somatosensory branch of the peripheral nervous system is to collect and interpret sensory information about the environment, allowing the organism to react to or avoid situations that could otherwise have deleterious effects. Consequently, a teleological argument can be made that it is of advantage for the two systems to cooperate and form an “integrated defense system” that benefits from the unique strengths of both subsystems. Indeed, nociceptors, sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli and elicit the sensation of pain or itch, exhibit potent immunomodulatory capabilities. Depending on the context and the cellular identity of their communication partners, nociceptors can play both pro- or anti-inflammatory roles, promote tissue repair or aggravate inflammatory damage, improve resistance to pathogens or impair their clearance. In light of such variability, it is not surprising that the full extent of interactions between nociceptors and the immune system remains to be established. Nonetheless, the field of peripheral neuroimmunology is advancing at a rapid pace, and general rules that appear to govern the outcomes of such neuroimmune interactions are beginning to emerge. Thus, in this review, we summarize our current understanding of the interaction between nociceptors and, specifically, the myeloid cells of the innate immune system, while pointing out some of the outstanding questions and unresolved controversies in the field. We focus on such interactions within the densely innervated barrier tissues, which can serve as points of entry for infectious agents and, where known, highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hanč
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
| | - Marie-Angèle Messou
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
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3
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Liu R, Meng X, Yu X, Wang G, Dong Z, Zhou Z, Qi M, Yu X, Ji T, Wang F. From 2D to 3D Co-Culture Systems: A Review of Co-Culture Models to Study the Neural Cells Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13116. [PMID: 36361902 PMCID: PMC9656609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) controls and regulates the functional activities of the organ systems and maintains the unity between the body and the external environment. The advent of co-culture systems has made it possible to elucidate the interactions between neural cells in vitro and to reproduce complex neural circuits. Here, we classified the co-culture system as a two-dimensional (2D) co-culture system, a cell-based three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system, a tissue slice-based 3D co-culture system, an organoid-based 3D co-culture system, and a microfluidic platform-based 3D co-culture system. We provide an overview of these different co-culture models and their applications in the study of neural cell interaction. The application of co-culture systems in virus-infected CNS disease models is also discussed here. Finally, the direction of the co-culture system in future research is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiyao Yu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- Department of Histology & Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingran Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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4
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Toyoshima S, Okayama Y. Neuro-allergology: Mast cell-nerve cross-talk. Allergol Int 2022; 71:288-293. [PMID: 35688775 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, and their maturation is regulated by the tissue environment, such as the skin, lung and gut, leading to host defense. Peripheral nerve fibers located in various tissues are involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Anatomical relationships between MCs and nerve fibers were reported to have been observed in various organs. Moreover, MCs are positive for a large number of receptors for classical neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine and corticotropin-releasing hormone) and neuropeptides (e.g., substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptides and hemokinin), and MC's functions are regulated by those nerve-derived factors. Also, histamine and proteases produced and released by MCs modulate nerve fiber functions. This functional cross-talk between MCs and nerve fibers can play physiological and pathological roles. MCs are key effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis, airway inflammation and food allergy. Here, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional and anatomical cross-talk between MCs and nerve fibers in allergic inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Toyoshima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Allergy, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Garcia-Rodriguez KM, Bini EI, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Espitia-Pinzón CI, Huerta-Yepez S, Bulfone-Paus S, Hernández-Pando R. Differential mast cell numbers and characteristics in human tuberculosis pulmonary lesions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10687. [PMID: 34021178 PMCID: PMC8140073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major worldwide health threat and primarily a lung disease. The innate immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is orchestrated by dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells and apparently mast cells (MCs). MCs are located at mucosal sites including the lungs and contribute in host-defence against pathogens, but little is known about their role during Mtb infection. This study investigates the location and characteristics of MCs in TB lesions to assess their contribution to TB pathology. To this purpose, number, location and phenotype of MCs was studied in 11 necropsies of pulmonary TB and 3 necropsies of non-TB infected lungs that were used as controls. MCs were localised at pneumonic areas, in the granuloma periphery and particularly abundant in fibrotic tissue. Furthermore, MCs displayed intracellular Mtb and IL-17A and TGF-β immunostaining. These findings were validated by analysing, post-mortem lung tissue microarrays from 44 individuals with pulmonary TB and 25 control subjects. In affected lungs, increased numbers of MCs expressing intracellularly both tryptase and chymase were found at fibrotic sites. Altogether, our data suggest that MCs are recruited at the inflammatory site and that actively produce immune mediators such as proteases and TGF-β that may be contributing to late fibrosis in TB lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Magdalena Garcia-Rodriguez
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Estela Isabel Bini
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Gamboa-Domínguez
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Inés Espitia-Pinzón
- Departamento de Inmunologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK.,Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Seccion de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran", Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Dwyer DF, Ordovas-Montanes J, Allon SJ, Buchheit KM, Vukovic M, Derakhshan T, Feng C, Lai J, Hughes TK, Nyquist SK, Giannetti MP, Berger B, Bhattacharyya N, Roditi RE, Katz HR, Nawijn MC, Berg M, van den Berge M, Laidlaw TM, Shalek AK, Barrett NA, Boyce JA. Human airway mast cells proliferate and acquire distinct inflammation-driven phenotypes during type 2 inflammation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabb7221. [PMID: 33637594 PMCID: PMC8362933 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a pathobiologic role in type 2 (T2) allergic inflammatory diseases of the airway, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Distinct MC subsets infiltrate the airway mucosa in T2 disease, including subepithelial MCs expressing the proteases tryptase and chymase (MCTC) and epithelial MCs expressing tryptase without chymase (MCT). However, mechanisms underlying MC expansion and the transcriptional programs underlying their heterogeneity are poorly understood. Here, we use flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to conduct a comprehensive analysis of human MC hyperplasia in CRSwNP, a T2 cytokine-mediated inflammatory disease. We link discrete cell surface phenotypes to the distinct transcriptomes of CRSwNP MCT and MCTC, which represent polarized ends of a transcriptional gradient of nasal polyp MCs. We find a subepithelial population of CD38highCD117high MCs that is markedly expanded during T2 inflammation. These CD38highCD117high MCs exhibit an intermediate phenotype relative to the expanded MCT and MCTC subsets. CD38highCD117high MCs are distinct from circulating MC progenitors and are enriched for proliferation, which is markedly increased in CRSwNP patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, a severe disease subset characterized by increased MC burden and elevated MC activation. We observe that MCs expressing a polyp MCT-like effector program are also found within the lung during fibrotic diseases and asthma, and further identify marked differences between MCTC in nasal polyps and skin. These results indicate that MCs display distinct inflammation-associated effector programs and suggest that in situ MC proliferation is a major component of MC hyperplasia in human T2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J Allon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marko Vukovic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tahereh Derakhshan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunli Feng
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juying Lai
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis K Hughes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah K Nyquist
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Giannetti
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel E Roditi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard R Katz
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Respiratory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijn Berg
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Respiratory Research (EXPIRE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Immunology Center, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Ren Y, Lyu Y, Mereness JA, Wang S, Pang J, Mariani TJ. Rare Pulmonary Connective Tissue Type Mast Cells Regulate Lung Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1763-1773. [PMID: 32450152 PMCID: PMC9808505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Within the human lung, mast cells typically reside adjacent to the conducting airway and assume a mucosal phenotype (MCT). In rare pathologic conditions, connective tissue phenotype mast cells (MCTCs) can be found in the lung parenchyma. MCTCs accumulate in the lungs of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic lung disease associated with preterm birth, which is characterized by pulmonary vascular dysmorphia. The human mast cell line (LUVA) was used to model MCTCs or MCTs. The ability of MCTCs to affect vascular organization during fetal lung development was tested in mouse lung explant cultures. The effect of MCTCs on in vitro tube formation and barrier function was studied using primary fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. The mechanistic role of MCTC proteases was tested using inhibitors. MCTCLUVA but not MCTLUVA was associated with vascular dysmorphia in lung explants. In vitro, the addition of MCTCLUVA potentiated fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell interactions, inhibited tube stability, and disrupted endothelial cell junctions. Protease inhibitors ameliorated the ability of MCTCLUVA to alter endothelial cell angiogenic activities in vitro and ex vivo. These data indicate that MCTCs may directly contribute to disrupted angiogenesis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A better understanding of factors that regulate mast cell subtype and their different effector functions is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuyan Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jared A. Mereness
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas J. Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Address correspondence to Thomas J. Mariani, Ph.D., Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 850, Rochester, NY 14642.
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8
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Mak ACY, Sajuthi S, Joo J, Xiao S, Sleiman PM, White MJ, Lee EY, Saef B, Hu D, Gui H, Keys KL, Lurmann F, Jain D, Abecasis G, Kang HM, Nickerson DA, Germer S, Zody MC, Winterkorn L, Reeves C, Huntsman S, Eng C, Salazar S, Oh SS, Gilliland FD, Chen Z, Kumar R, Martínez FD, Wu AC, Ziv E, Hakonarson H, Himes BE, Williams LK, Seibold MA, Burchard EG. Lung Function in African American Children with Asthma Is Associated with Novel Regulatory Variants of the KIT Ligand KITLG/SCF and Gene-By-Air-Pollution Interaction. Genetics 2020; 215:869-886. [PMID: 32327564 PMCID: PMC7337089 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Baseline lung function, quantified as forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation (FEV1), is a standard diagnostic criterion used by clinicians to identify and classify lung diseases. Using whole-genome sequencing data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine project, we identified a novel genetic association with FEV1 on chromosome 12 in 867 African American children with asthma (P = 1.26 × 10-8, β = 0.302). Conditional analysis within 1 Mb of the tag signal (rs73429450) yielded one major and two other weaker independent signals within this peak. We explored statistical and functional evidence for all variants in linkage disequilibrium with the three independent signals and yielded nine variants as the most likely candidates responsible for the association with FEV1 Hi-C data and expression QTL analysis demonstrated that these variants physically interacted with KITLG (KIT ligand, also known as SCF), and their minor alleles were associated with increased expression of the KITLG gene in nasal epithelial cells. Gene-by-air-pollution interaction analysis found that the candidate variant rs58475486 interacted with past-year ambient sulfur dioxide exposure (P = 0.003, β = 0.32). This study identified a novel protective genetic association with FEV1, possibly mediated through KITLG, in African American children with asthma. This is the first study that has identified a genetic association between lung function and KITLG, which has established a role in orchestrating allergic inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel C Y Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Satria Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Jaehyun Joo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Shujie Xiao
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Patrick M Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Marquitta J White
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Eunice Y Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Benjamin Saef
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Kevin L Keys
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
- Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Northwest Genomics Center, Seattle, Washington, 98195
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Sandra Salazar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Sam S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Fernando D Martínez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Precision Medicine Translational Research (PRoMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Max A Seibold
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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9
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Yin Y, Shelke GV, Lässer C, Brismar H, Lötvall J. Extracellular vesicles from mast cells induce mesenchymal transition in airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2020; 21:101. [PMID: 32357878 PMCID: PMC7193353 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the airways, mast cells are present in close vicinity to epithelial cells, and they can interact with each other via multiple factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Mast cell-derived EVs have a large repertoire of cargos, including proteins and RNA, as well as surface DNA. In this study, we hypothesized that these EVs can induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in airway epithelial cells. Methods In this in-vitro study we systematically determined the effects of mast cell-derived EVs on epithelial A549 cells. We determined the changes that are induced by EVs on A549 cells at both the RNA and protein levels. Moreover, we also analyzed the rapid changes in phosphorylation events in EV-recipient A549 cells using a phosphorylated protein microarray. Some of the phosphorylation-associated events associated with EMT were validated using immunoblotting. Results Morphological and transcript analysis of epithelial A549 cells indicated that an EMT-like phenotype was induced by the EVs. Transcript analysis indicated the upregulation of genes involved in EMT, including TWIST1, MMP9, TGFB1, and BMP-7. This was accompanied by downregulation of proteins such as E-cadherin and upregulation of Slug-Snail and matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, our phosphorylated-protein microarray analysis revealed proteins associated with the EMT cascade that were upregulated after EV treatment. We also found that transforming growth factor beta-1, a well-known EMT inducer, is associated with EVs and mediates the EMT cascade induced in the A549 cells. Conclusion Mast cell-derived EVs mediate the induction of EMT in epithelial cells, and our evidence suggests that this is triggered through the induction of protein phosphorylation cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yin
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,The Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Dept. of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, PO Box 1031, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Derakhshan T, Bhowmick R, Meinkoth JH, Ritchey JW, Gappa-Fahlenkamp H. Human Mast Cell Development from Hematopoietic Stem Cells in a Connective Tissue-Equivalent Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1564-1574. [PMID: 30896346 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated immune responses, as well as host defense against parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Due to the effect of extracellular matrix components on tissue morphogenesis and cell behavior, utilizing a tissue model that mimics MC microenvironmental conditions in vivo has greater relevance for in vitro studies. For this work, MCs were developed within a connective tissue-equivalent model and cell function was examined in response to an allergen. MCs are located in proximity to fibroblasts and endothelial cells (ECs) that play a role in MC development and maturity. Accordingly, MC progenitors isolated from human peripheral blood were co-cultured with human primary fibroblasts in a 3D collagen matrix to represent the connective tissue. The matrix was coated with type IV collagen and fibronectin before seeding with primary human ECs, representing the capillary wall. The stem cell-derived cells demonstrated MC characteristics, including typical MC morphology, and the expression of cytoplasmic granules and phenotypic markers. Also, the generated cells released histamine in IgE-mediated reactions, showing typical MC functional phenotype in an immediate-type allergenic response. The created tissue model is applicable to a variety of research studies and allergy testing. Impact Statement Mast cells (MCs) are key effector and immunoregulatory cells in immune disorders; however, their role is not fully understood. Few studies have investigated human ex vivo MCs in culture, due to the difficulties in isolating large numbers. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, the generation of cells exhibiting MC phenotypic and functional characteristics from hematopoietic stem cells within a connective tissue-equivalent model with ancillary cells. Utilizing the 3D matrix-embedded cells can advance our understanding of MC biological profile and immunoregulatory roles. The tissue model can also be used for studying the mechanism of allergic diseases and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Derakhshan
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Rudra Bhowmick
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - James H Meinkoth
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Jerry W Ritchey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Heather Gappa-Fahlenkamp
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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11
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Wilcock A, Bahri R, Bulfone‐Paus S, Arkwright PD. Mast cell disorders: From infancy to maturity. Allergy 2019; 74:53-63. [PMID: 30390314 DOI: 10.1111/all.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are typically linked to immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. This review looks beyond this narrow role, focusing on how these cells have evolved and diversified via natural selection promoting serine protease gene duplication, augmenting their innate host defense function against helminths and snake envenomation. Plasticity of mast cell genes has come at a price. Somatic activating mutations in the mast cell growth factor KIT gene cause cutaneous mastocytosis in young children and systemic mastocytosis with a more guarded prognosis in adults who may also harbor other gene mutations with oncogenic potential as they age. Allelic TPSAB1 gene duplication associated with higher basal mast cell tryptase is possibly one of the commonest autosomal dominantly inherited multi-system diseases affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract, circulation and musculoskeletal system. Mast cells are also establishing a new-found importance in severe asthma, and in remodeling of blood vessels in cancer and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that mast cells sense changes in oxygen tension, particularly in neonates, and that subsequent degranulation may contribute to common lung, eye, and brain diseases of prematurity classically associated with hypoxic insults. One hundred and forty years since Paul Ehrlich's initial description of "mastzellen," this review collates and highlights the complex and diverse roles that mast cells play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wilcock
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Rajia Bahri
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
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12
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Gomez C, Carsin A, Gouitaa M, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Dubus JC, Mège JL, Ranque S, Vitte J. Mast cell tryptase changes with Aspergillus fumigatus – Host crosstalk in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:631-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Klein O, Ngo-Nyekel F, Stefanache T, Torres R, Salomonsson M, Hallgren J, Rådinger M, Bambouskova M, Campbell M, Cohen-Mor S, Dema B, Rose CG, Abrink M, Charles N, Ainooson G, Paivandy A, Pavlova VG, Serrano-Candelas E, Yu Y, Hellman L, Jensen BM, Van Anrooij B, Grootens J, Gura HK, Stylianou M, Tobio A, Blank U, Öhrvik H, Maurer M. Identification of Biological and Pharmaceutical Mast Cell- and Basophil-Related Targets. Scand J Immunol 2017; 83:465-72. [PMID: 27028428 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - F Ngo-Nyekel
- Inserm UMRS-1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL 8252, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - T Stefanache
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - R Torres
- Safety and Sustainability Division, Leitat Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Salomonsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Bambouskova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Campbell
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair and MCCIR, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Cohen-Mor
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - B Dema
- Inserm UMRS-1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL 8252, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C G Rose
- Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Immunopharmacology Group, Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Abrink
- Section of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, VHC, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Charles
- Inserm UMRS-1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL 8252, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - G Ainooson
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Paivandy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V G Pavlova
- Department of Experimental Morphology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - E Serrano-Candelas
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Yu
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - L Hellman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B M Jensen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - B Van Anrooij
- Department of Allergology, Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Grootens
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H K Gura
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Stylianou
- Antifungal Immunity Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Tobio
- Inserm UMRS-1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL 8252, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - U Blank
- Inserm UMRS-1149, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL 8252, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - H Öhrvik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité -Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a central role in tissue homoeostasis, sensing the local environment through numerous innate cell surface receptors. This enables them to respond rapidly to perceived tissue insults with a view to initiating a co-ordinated programme of inflammation and repair. However, when the tissue insult is chronic, the ongoing release of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators, proteases, cytokines and chemokines leads to tissue damage and remodelling. In asthma, there is strong evidence of ongoing MC activation, and their mediators and cell-cell signals are capable of regulating many facets of asthma pathophysiology. This article reviews the evidence behind this.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G Arthur
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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15
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Kritikou E, Kuiper J, Kovanen PT, Bot I. The impact of mast cells on cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 778:103-15. [PMID: 25959384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells comprise an innate immune cell population, which accumulates in tissues proximal to the outside environment and, upon activation, augments the progression of immunological reactions through the release and diffusion of either pre-formed or newly generated mediators. The released products of mast cells include histamine, proteases, as well as a variety of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, which act on the surrounding microenvironment thereby shaping the immune responses triggered in various diseased states. Mast cells have also been detected in the arterial wall and are implicated in the onset and progression of numerous cardiovascular diseases. Notably, modulation of distinct mast cell actions using genetic and pharmacological approaches highlights the crucial role of this cell type in cardiovascular syndromes. The acquired evidence renders mast cells and their mediators as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in a broad spectrum of pathophysiological conditions related to cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kritikou
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Mast cells in airway diseases and interstitial lung disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 778:125-38. [PMID: 25959386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are major effector cells of inflammation and there is strong evidence that mast cells play a significant role in asthma pathophysiology. There is also a growing body of evidence that mast cells contribute to other inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This review discusses the role that mast cells play in airway diseases and highlights how mast cell microlocalisation within specific lung compartments and their cellular interactions are likely to be critical for their effector function in disease.
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17
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are among the first cell types associated with allergies and asthma. Studies in human asthma have identified their presence in the lung submucosa and smooth muscle and also in the airway epithelium. As our understanding of the distribution and location of these MCs in the human airway has increased, it is clear that much remains to be understood regarding the presence and subtype of these MCs in relationship to asthma phenotypes, defined both clinically and on the basis of immunologic pathways. Human MCs have traditionally been divided into two major subtypes based on the protease granule content, with tryptase representing total MCs. There is emerging evidence that in the epithelium, MCs of an altered subtype (with tryptase, chymase, and/or carboxypeptidase A3) may play a role in the pathophysiology of poorly controlled, severe, Th2-associated asthma.
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18
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Rieder F, Nonevski I, Ma J, Ouyang Z, West G, Protheroe C, DePetris G, Schirbel A, Lapinski J, Goldblum J, Bonfield T, Lopez R, Harnett K, Lee J, Hirano I, Falk G, Biancani P, Fiocchi C. T-helper 2 cytokines, transforming growth factor β1, and eosinophil products induce fibrogenesis and alter muscle motility in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1266-77.e1-9. [PMID: 24486052 PMCID: PMC3992171 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) often become dysphagic from the combination of organ fibrosis and motor abnormalities. We investigated mechanisms of dysphagia, assessing the response of human esophageal fibroblasts (HEFs), human esophageal muscle cells (HEMCs), and esophageal muscle strips to eosinophil-derived products. METHODS Biopsy specimens were collected via endoscopy from the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the esophagus of 18 patients with EoE and 21 individuals undergoing endoscopy for other reasons (controls). Primary cultures of esophageal fibroblasts and muscle cells were derived from 12 freshly resected human esophagectomy specimens. Eosinophil distribution was investigated by histologic analyses of full-thickness esophageal tissue. Active secretion of EoE-related mediators was assessed from medium underlying mucosal biopsy cultures. We quantified production of fibronectin and collagen I by HEF and HEMC in response to eosinophil products. We also measured the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by, and adhesion of human eosinophils to, HEFs and HEMCs. Eosinophil products were tested in an esophageal muscle contraction assay. RESULTS Activated eosinophils were present in all esophageal layers. Significantly higher concentrations of eosinophil-related mediators were secreted spontaneously in mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with EoE than controls. Exposure of HEFs and HEMCs to increasing concentrations of eosinophil products or co-culture with eosinophils caused HEFs and HEMCs to increase secretion of fibronectin and collagen I; this was inhibited by blocking transforming growth factor β1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Eosinophil binding to HEFs and HEMCs increased after incubation of mesenchymal cells with eosinophil-derived products, and decreased after blockade of transforming growth factor β1 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase blockade. Eosinophil products reduced electrical field-induced contraction of esophageal muscle strips, but not acetylcholine-induced contraction. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of tissues samples from patients with EoE, we linked the presence and activation state of eosinophils in EoE with altered fibrogenesis and motility of esophageal fibroblasts and muscle cells. This process might contribute to the development of dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ilche Nonevski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jie Ma
- Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Zhufeng Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gail West
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cheryl Protheroe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Giovanni DePetris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Anja Schirbel
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Lapinski
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John Goldblum
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tracey Bonfield
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Karen Harnett
- Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Ikuo Hirano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gary Falk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Piero Biancani
- Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.
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19
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Hallstrand TS, Hackett TL, Altemeier WA, Matute-Bello G, Hansbro PM, Knight DA. Airway epithelial regulation of pulmonary immune homeostasis and inflammation. Clin Immunol 2014; 151:1-15. [PMID: 24503171 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic, structural and functional studies have identified the airway and lung epithelium as a key orchestrator of the immune response. Further, there is now strong evidence that epithelium dysfunction is involved in the development of inflammatory disorders of the lung. Here we review the characteristic immune responses that are orchestrated by the epithelium in response to diverse triggers such as pollutants, cigarette smoke, bacterial peptides, and viruses. We focus in part on the role of epithelium-derived interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), as well as CC family chemokines as critical regulators of the immune response. We cite examples of the function of the epithelium in host defense and the role of epithelium dysfunction in the development of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William A Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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20
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Marcet CW, St Laurent CD, Moon TC, Singh N, Befus AD. Limited replication of influenza A virus in human mast cells. Immunol Res 2013; 56:32-43. [PMID: 23055084 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are important in innate immunity and protective against certain bacterial infections. However, there is limited evidence that mast cells respond to viruses. As mast cells are abundant in mucosal tissues of the lung, they are in a prime location to detect and respond to influenza virus. In this study, we characterized for the first time the replication cycle of influenza A virus in human mast cells by measuring influenza A virus transcription, RNA replication, protein synthesis, and formation of infectious virus as compared to the replication cycle in epithelial cells. We detected the presence of influenza A viral genomic RNA transcription, replication, and protein synthesis in human mast cells and epithelial cells. However, there was no significant release of infectious influenza A virus from mast cells, whereas epithelial cells produce ~100-fold virus compared with the inoculating dose. We confirmed that influenza A virus infects human mast cells, begins to replicate, but the production of new virus is aborted. Thus, mast cells may lack critical factors essential for productive infection or there are intrinsic or inducible anti-influenza A mechanisms in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy W Marcet
- Department of Medicine, HMRC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Beunk L, Verwoerd A, van Overveld FJ, Rijkers GT. Role of mast cells in mucosal diseases: current concepts and strategies for treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 9:53-63. [PMID: 23256764 DOI: 10.1586/eci.12.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are well known for their role in type I hypersensitivity. However, their role in the immune system as well as their pathophysiological role in other diseases is underacknowledged. The role of mast cells in inflammatory bowel disease, allergic contact dermatitis and asthma is illustrated in this review. The contribution of mast cell activation in these diseases is controversial and two alternative means are proposed: activation via stress response pathways and immunoglobulin-free light chains. Activation of the mast cells leads to release of preformed mediators and to generation of other potent biological substances that have both physiological and pathophysiological effects. The role of these mediators in the aforementioned diseases is also outlined in this review. When the roles of mast cells are better understood, drugs specifically targeting mast cells may be developed to effectively treat a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Beunk
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt Academy, Middelburg, The Netherlands
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22
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Human mast cells arise from a common circulating progenitor. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:463-9.e3. [PMID: 23582567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human tissue mast cells (MCs) have the potential to express several neutral granule proteases, which are the most precise markers of the phenotypic heterogeneity of MCs. However, the full extent of such heterogeneity is limited by the fact that MCs containing either tryptase only or tryptase and chymase have long been considered to be the sole MC phenotypes. Moreover, the potential developmental relationship between human MCs of different protease phenotypes has remained a matter of dispute. OBJECTIVE We attempted to define how human MCs with different protease phenotypes relate to their circulating progenitors. METHODS MCs were generated from human peripheral blood-derived CD34(+) progenitors in the presence of kit ligand (KITLG) and the cytokines IL-3, IL-9, and IL-6 under serum-free conditions, or by KITLG alone in the presence or absence of serum. The expression of chymase, carboxypeptidase A3, cathepsin G, granzyme B, and the tryptases derived from the TPSAB1, TPSB2, TPSD1, and TPSG1/PRSS31 genes were determined weekly at the mRNA and/or protein levels. RESULTS Incubation of CD34(+) progenitors in the presence of KITLG and the cytokines IL-3, IL-9, and IL-6 promoted the development of a single population of MCs with a uniform tryptase(+), chymase(+), CPA3(+), cathepsin G(+), and granzyme B(+) phenotype. Interestingly, the presence of KITLG alone was sufficient to induce the expression of all the above proteases. CONCLUSION All circulating human MC progenitors have the potential to differentiate into MCs expressing the complete panel of neutral granule proteases, implying that human MCs originate from a common MC-committed progenitor.
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Martin N, Ruddick A, Arthur GK, Wan H, Woodman L, Brightling CE, Jones DJL, Pavord ID, Bradding P. Primary human airway epithelial cell-dependent inhibition of human lung mast cell degranulation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43545. [PMID: 22970103 PMCID: PMC3428358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic mast cell activation is a characteristic feature of asthma. BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cells (AEC) profoundly inhibit both constitutive and IgE-dependent human lung mast cell (HLMC) histamine release. The aim of this study was to examine the regulation of HLMC degranulation by primary AEC from healthy and asthmatic subjects, and investigate further the inhibitory mechanism. METHODS HLMC were co-cultured with both BEAS-2B and primary AEC grown as monolayers or air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. RESULTS Both constitutive and IgE-dependent HLMC histamine release were attenuated by BEAS-2B, primary AEC monolayers and ALI cultures. This occurred in the absence of HLMC-AEC contact indicating the presence of a soluble factor. Unlike healthy ALI AEC, asthmatic ALI-AEC did not significantly reduce constitutive histamine release. AEC inhibitory activity was transferable in primary AEC monolayer supernatant, but less active than with Transwell co-culture, suggesting that the inhibitory factor was labile. The AEC inhibitory effects were attenuated by both AEC wounding and pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of a G(0)/G(i) receptor coupled mechanism. Solid phase extraction of lipids (<10 kDa) removed the AEC inhibitory activity. The lipid derivatives resolving D1 and D2 and lipoxin A(4) attenuated HLMC histamine release in a dose-dependent fashion but were not detectable in co-culture supernatants. CONCLUSIONS Primary AEC suppress HLMC constitutive and IgE-dependent histamine secretion through the release of a soluble, labile lipid mediator(s) that signals through the G(0)/G(i) receptor coupled mechanism. Manipulation of this interaction may have a significant therapeutic role in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Martin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Shutt JD, Boger P, Neale JR, Patel P, Sampson AP. Activity of the leukotriene pathway in Barrett's metaplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1379-84. [PMID: 22851204 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukotriene (LT) B(4) is a lipid inflammatory mediator implicated in tumorigenesis in animal models of Barrett's oesophagitis, but little is known about the cysteinyl-leukotrienes (LTC(4), LTD(4), LTE(4)), which have distinct inflammatory and tumorigenic actions in other tissues. We recently showed that the terminal enzymes for the synthesis of both LT families are highly expressed in human oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) tissues. This study therefore examined the capacity of Barrett's metaplasia (BM) and OA tissues to synthesise LTs in vitro. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Oesophageal biopsies from patients with BM (n = 14), high-grade dysplasia (n = 2), OA (n = 11), and squamous control tissues (n = 11) were cultured with calcium ionophore A32187 (2 μM) for 60 min. LTB(4) and cysteinyl-leukotrienes were extracted and measured by specific enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS Levels of LTB(4) and cysteinyl-leukotrienes were 8.6-fold (P < 0.01) and 2.4-fold (P < 0.02) higher, respectively, in OA tissues than in squamous control tissues, but levels in BM tissues (n = 14) were not altered. Production of the two LT families correlated across all tissue types (r = 0.62, p < 0.00005). CONCLUSIONS Increased synthesis of LTB(4) and cysteinyl-leukotrienes has not previously been shown in human OA tissue and our results may indicate a role of these lipids in Barrett's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James David Shutt
- Department of Luminal Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Van der Velden J, Barker D, Barcham G, Koumoundouros E, Snibson K. Increased mast cell density and airway responses to allergic and non-allergic stimuli in a sheep model of chronic asthma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37161. [PMID: 22606346 PMCID: PMC3351402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased mast cell (MC) density and changes in their distribution in airway tissues is thought to contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of asthma. However, the time sequence for these changes and how they impact small airway function in asthma is not fully understood. The aim of the current study was to characterise temporal changes in airway MC density and correlate these changes with functional airway responses in sheep chronically challenged with house dust mite (HDM) allergen. Methodology/Principal Findings MC density was examined on lung tissue from four spatially separate lung segments of allergic sheep which received weekly challenges with HDM allergen for 0, 8, 16 or 24 weeks. Lung tissue was collected from each segment 7 days following the final challenge. The density of tryptase-positive and chymase-positive MCs (MCT and MCTC respectively) was assessed by morphometric analysis of airway sections immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against MC tryptase and chymase. MCT and MCTC density was increased in small bronchi following 24 weeks of HDM challenges compared with controls (P<0.05). The MCTC/MCT ratio was significantly increased in HDM challenged sheep compared to controls (P<0.05). MCT and MCTC density was inversely correlated with allergen-induced increases in peripheral airway resistance after 24 weeks of allergen exposure (P<0.05). MCT density was also negatively correlated with airway responsiveness after 24 challenges (P<0.01). Conclusions MCT and MCTC density in the small airways correlates with better lung function in this sheep model of chronic asthma. Whether this finding indicates that under some conditions mast cells have protective activities in asthma, or that other explanations are to be considered requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Van der Velden
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Donna Barker
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Garry Barcham
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Koumoundouros
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kenneth Snibson
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Takabayashi T, Kato A, Peters AT, Suh LA, Carter R, Norton J, Grammer LC, Tan BK, Chandra RK, Conley DB, Kern RC, Fujieda S, Schleimer RP. Glandular mast cells with distinct phenotype are highly elevated in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:410-20.e5. [PMID: 22534535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by T(H)2 inflammation, the role of mast cells is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the presence, localization, and phenotype of mast cells in patients with CRS. METHODS We collected nasal tissue and nasal lavage fluid from patients with CRS and control subjects. We analyzed mRNA for the mast cell proteases tryptase, chymase, and carboxypeptidase A3 by using real-time PCR and measured mast cell protease proteins by using ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Tryptase mRNA was significantly increased in nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with CRSwNP (P< .001) compared with uncinate tissue from patients with CRS or control subjects. Tryptase protein was also elevated in NPs and in nasal lavage fluids from patients with CRSwNP. Immnohistochemistry showed increased numbers of mast cells in epithelium and glands but not within the lamina propria in NPs. The mast cells detected in the epithelium in NPs were characterized by the expression of tryptase and carboxypeptidase A3 but not chymase. Mast cells expressing all the 3 proteases were abundant within the glandular epithelium of NPs but were not found in normal glandular structures. CONCLUSIONS Herein we demonstrated a unique localization of mast cells within the glandular epithelium of NPs and showed that mast cells in NPs have distinct phenotypes that vary by tissue location. Glandular mast cells and the diverse subsets of mast cells detected may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Mast cells in lung inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 716:235-69. [PMID: 21713660 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9533-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in the lung in both health and disease. Their primary role is to initiate an appropriate program of inflammation and repair in response to tissue damage initiated by a variety of diverse stimuli. They are important for host immunity against bacterial infection and potentially in the host immune response to non small cell lung cancer. In situations of ongoing tissue damage, the sustained release of numerous pro-inflammatory mediators, proteases and cytokines, contributes to the pathophysiology of lung diseases such as asthma and interstitial lung disease. A key goal is the development of treatments which attenuate adverse mast cell function when administered chronically to humans in vivo. Such therapies may offer a novel approach to the treatment of many life-threatening diseases.
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Balzar S, Fajt ML, Comhair SAA, Erzurum SC, Bleecker E, Busse WW, Castro M, Gaston B, Israel E, Schwartz LB, Curran-Everett D, Moore CG, Wenzel SE. Mast cell phenotype, location, and activation in severe asthma. Data from the Severe Asthma Research Program. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:299-309. [PMID: 20813890 PMCID: PMC3056228 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201002-0295oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe asthma (SA) remains poorly understood. Mast cells (MC) are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but it remains unknown how their phenotype, location, and activation relate to asthma severity. OBJECTIVES To compare MC-related markers measured in bronchoscopically obtained samples with clinically relevant parameters between normal subjects and subjects with asthma to clarify their pathobiologic importance. METHODS Endobronchial biopsies, epithelial brushings, and bronchoalveolar lavage were obtained from subjects with asthma and normal subjects from the Severe Asthma Research Program (N = 199). Tryptase, chymase, and carboxypeptidase A (CPA)3 were used to identify total MC (MC(Tot)) and the MC(TC) subset (MCs positive for both tryptase and chymase) using immunostaining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Lavage was analyzed for tryptase and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) by ELISA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Submucosal MC(Tot) (tryptase-positive by immunostaining) numbers were highest in "mild asthma/no inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy" subjects and decreased with greater asthma severity (P = 0.002). In contrast, MC(TC) (chymase-positive by immunostaining) were the predominant (MC(TC)/MC(Tot) > 50%) MC phenotype in SA (overall P = 0.005). Epithelial MC(Tot) were also highest in mild asthma/no ICS, but were not lower in SA. Instead, they persisted and were predominantly MC(TC). Epithelial CPA3 and tryptase mRNA supported the immunostaining data (overall P = 0.008 and P = 0.02, respectively). Lavage PGD2 was higher in SA than in other steroid-treated groups (overall P = 0.02), whereas tryptase did not differentiate the groups. In statistical models, PGD2 and MC(TC)/MC(Tot) predicted SA. CONCLUSIONS Severe asthma is associated with a predominance of MC(TC) in the airway submucosa and epithelium. Activation of those MC(TC) may contribute to the increases in PGD2 levels. The data suggest an altered and active MC population contributes to SA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Balzar
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Dougherty RH, Sidhu SS, Raman K, Solon M, Solberg OD, Caughey GH, Woodruff PG, Fahy JV. Accumulation of intraepithelial mast cells with a unique protease phenotype in T(H)2-high asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:1046-1053.e8. [PMID: 20451039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found that mast cell tryptases and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) are differentially expressed in the airway epithelium in asthmatic subjects. We also found that asthmatic subjects can be divided into 2 subgroups ("T(H)2 high" and "T(H)2 low" asthma) based on epithelial cell gene signatures for the activity of T(H)2 cytokines. OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize intraepithelial mast cells (IEMCs) in asthma. METHODS We performed gene expression profiling in epithelial brushings and stereology-based quantification of mast cell numbers in endobronchial biopsy specimens from healthy control and asthmatic subjects before and after treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). We also performed gene expression and protein quantification studies in cultured airway epithelial cells and mast cells. RESULTS By means of unsupervised clustering, mast cell gene expression in the airway epithelium related closely to the expression of IL-13 signature genes. The levels of expression of mast cell genes correlate positively with lung function improvements with ICSs. IEMC density was 2-fold higher than normal in subjects with T(H)2-high asthma compared with that seen in subjects with T(H)2-low asthma or healthy control subjects (P = .015 for both comparisons), and these cells were characterized by expression of tryptases and CPA3 but not chymase. IL-13 induced expression of stem cell factor in cultured airway epithelial cells, and mast cells exposed to conditioned media from IL-13-activated epithelial cells showed downregulation of chymase but no change in tryptase or CPA3 expression. CONCLUSION IEMC numbers are increased in subjects with T(H)2-high asthma, have an unusual protease phenotype (tryptase and CPA3 high and chymase low), and predict responsiveness to ICSs. IL-13-stimulated production of stem cell factor by epithelial cells potentially explains mast cell accumulation in T(H)2-high asthmatic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Dougherty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Swindle EJ, Collins JE, Davies DE. Breakdown in epithelial barrier function in patients with asthma: identification of novel therapeutic approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:23-34; quiz 35-6. [PMID: 19560576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The bronchial epithelium is pivotally involved in the provision of chemical, physical, and immunologic barriers to the inhaled environment. These barriers serve to maintain normal homeostasis, but when compromised, the immunologic barrier becomes activated to protect the internal milieu of the lung. We discuss what is currently understood about abnormalities in these barrier functions in patients with asthma and consider novel therapeutic opportunities that target this key structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Swindle
- Division of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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Hollins F, Kaur D, Yang W, Cruse G, Saunders R, Sutcliffe A, Berger P, Ito A, Brightling CE, Bradding P. Human airway smooth muscle promotes human lung mast cell survival, proliferation, and constitutive activation: cooperative roles for CADM1, stem cell factor, and IL-6. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:2772-80. [PMID: 18684968 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The microlocalization of mast cells within specific tissue compartments is thought to be critical for the pathophysiology of many diverse diseases. This is particularly evident in asthma where they localize to the airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundles. Mast cells are recruited to the ASM by numerous chemoattractants and adhere through CADM1, but the functional consequences of this are unknown. In this study, we show that human ASM maintains human lung mast cell (HLMC) survival in vitro and induces rapid HLMC proliferation. This required cell-cell contact and occurred through a cooperative interaction between membrane-bound stem cell factor (SCF) expressed on ASM, soluble IL-6, and CADM1 expressed on HLMC. There was a physical interaction in HLMC between CADM1 and the SCF receptor (CD117), suggesting that CADM1-dependent adhesion facilitates the interaction of membrane-bound SCF with its receptor. HLMC-ASM coculture also enhanced constitutive HLMC degranulation, revealing a novel smooth muscle-driven allergen-independent mechanism of chronic mast cell activation. Targeting these interactions in asthma might offer a new strategy for the treatment of this common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Hollins
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester Medical School, United Kingdom
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Hashimoto S, Matsumoto K, Gon Y, Ichiwata T, Takahashi N, Kobayashi T. Viral infection in asthma. Allergol Int 2008; 57:21-31. [PMID: 18209504 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.r-07-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In bronchial asthma, respiratory virus infection involves several issues: 1) respiratory virus infection in infancy is a risk factor for, and may predispose to, the development of asthma later in life; 2) respiratory virus infection is associated with the acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma; and, 3) glucocorticosteroids (GC) are not adequate for controlling asthma-related symptoms upon respiratory virus infection. Various cells, inflammatory mediators and cytokines participate in the production of airway inflammation upon respiratory virus infection. Bronchial epithelial cells are a site of infection and replication of respiratory virus. They actively participate in the production of airway inflammation: 1) they produce various proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and mediators; and, 2) they undergo apoptosis, thereby impairing the repair process. It is therefore important to understand the role of bronchial epithelial cells in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma. In this review, the interaction between viral infection and asthma is discussed to elucidate the role of bronchial epithelial cells in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Schmolz M. Functional drug candidate profiling using complex human organotypic cell culture models: a promising way to reduce clinical drug failure. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:935-47. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.7.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lung mast cells (HLMC) lie in close proximity to the bronchial epithelium in asthma and adhere with high affinity to bronchial epithelial monolayers in vitro. We investigated the consequences of this adhesive interaction on HLMC activation in response to Fc epsilon RI cross-linking. METHODS Human lung mast cells were cultured with the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B or plastic control for either 30 min or 16 h and then activated with anti-IgE. Histamine was measured by radioenzymatic assay. RESULTS After co-culture for 30 min, IgE-dependent histamine release from HLMC was identical on both BEAS-2B and plastic. After 16 h of co-culture, there was a marked decrease in constitutive and IgE-dependent histamine release from HLMC cultured on BEAS-2B compared with those cultured on plastic or fibronectin. In contrast, the Ca(2+)/ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin produced concentration-dependent histamine release that was significantly increased on BEAS-2B compared with plastic. IgE-dependent degranulation was not significantly affected by BEAS-2B-conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells attenuate IgE-dependent but not thapsigargin-induced histamine release from HLMC. The differential effect with anti-IgE compared with thapsigargin suggests that the mechanism includes interference with the proximal Fc epsilon RI signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yang
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Leicester Medical School, Leicester, UK
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