1
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Lloyd MD, Gregory KS, Acharya KR. Functional implications of unusual NOS and SONOS covalent linkages found in proteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9463-9471. [PMID: 39109843 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
The tertiary and quaternary structures of many proteins are stabilized by strong covalent forces, of which disulfide bonds are the most well known. A new type of intramolecular and intermolecular covalent bond has been recently reported, consisting of the Lys and Cys side-chains linked by an oxygen atom (NOS). These post-translational modifications are widely distributed amongst proteins, and are formed under oxidative conditions. Similar linkages are observed during antibiotic biosynthesis, where hydroxylamine intermediates are tethered to the sulfur of enzyme active site Cys residues. These linkages open the way to understanding protein structure and function, give new insights into enzyme catalysis and natural product biosynthesis, and offer new strategies for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Lloyd
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Kyle S Gregory
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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2
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Xie R, Li J, Zhao M, Wu F. Recent advances in the development of poly(ester amide)s-based carriers for drug delivery. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102123. [PMID: 38911279 PMCID: PMC11190562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials have several important applications in drug delivery. The biomaterial family known as poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) has garnered considerable interest because it exhibits the benefits of both polyester and polyamide, as well as production from readily available raw ingredients and sophisticated synthesis techniques. Specifically, α-amino acid-based PEAs (AA-PEAs) are promising carriers because of their structural flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Herein, we summarize the latest applications of PEAs in drug delivery systems, including antitumor, gene therapy, and protein drugs, and discuss the prospects of drug delivery based on PEAs, which provides a reference for designing safe and efficient drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
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3
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Malikidogo KP, Charnay T, Ndiaye D, Choi JH, Bridou L, Chartier B, Erbek S, Micouin G, Banyasz A, Maury O, Martel-Frachet V, Grichine A, Sénèque O. Efficient cytosolic delivery of luminescent lanthanide bioprobes in live cells for two-photon microscopy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9694-9702. [PMID: 38939128 PMCID: PMC11206396 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lanthanide(iii) (Ln3+) complexes have desirable photophysical properties for optical bioimaging. However, despite their advantages over organic dyes, their use for microscopy imaging is limited by the high-energy UV excitation they require and their poor ability to cross the cell membrane and reach the cytosol. Here we describe a novel family of lanthanide-based luminescent probes, termed dTAT[Ln·L], based on (i) a DOTA-like chelator with a picolinate moiety, (ii) a two-photon absorbing antenna to shift the excitation to the near infrared and (ii) a dimeric TAT cell-penetrating peptide for cytosolic delivery. Several Tb3+ and Eu3+ probes were prepared and characterized. Two-photon microscopy of live cells was attempted using a commercial microscope with the three probes showing the highest quantum yields (>0.15). A diffuse Ln3+ emission was detected in most cells, which is characteristic of cytosolic delivery of the Ln3+ complex. The cytotoxicity of these three probes was evaluated and the IC50 ranged from 7 μM to >50 μM. The addition of a single positive or negative charge to the antenna of the most cytotoxic compound was sufficient to lower significantly or suppress its toxicity under the conditions used for two-photon microscopy. Therefore, the design reported here provides excellent lanthanide-based probes for two-photon microscopy of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyangwi P Malikidogo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM (UMR 5249) F-38000 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM (UMR 5250) F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Thibault Charnay
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM (UMR 5249) F-38000 Grenoble France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM (UMR 5250) F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Daouda Ndiaye
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM (UMR 5249) F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Ji-Hyung Choi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM (UMR 5249) F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Lucile Bridou
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie Lyon F-69342 France
| | - Baptiste Chartier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM (UMR 5249) F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Sule Erbek
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38000 Grenoble France
- EPHE, PSL Research University 4-14 rue Ferrus 75014 Paris France
| | - Guillaume Micouin
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie Lyon F-69342 France
| | - Akos Banyasz
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie Lyon F-69342 France
| | - Olivier Maury
- Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie Lyon F-69342 France
| | - Véronique Martel-Frachet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38000 Grenoble France
- EPHE, PSL Research University 4-14 rue Ferrus 75014 Paris France
| | - Alexei Grichine
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Olivier Sénèque
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, LCBM (UMR 5249) F-38000 Grenoble France
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4
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Chen P, Cabral H. Enhancing Targeted Drug Delivery through Cell-Specific Endosomal Escape. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400274. [PMID: 38830827 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Endosome is a major barrier in the intracellular delivery of drugs, especially for biologics, such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. After being endocytosed, these cargos will be trapped inside the endosomal compartments and finally degraded in the lysosomes. Thus, various strategies have been developed to facilitate the escape of cargos from the endosomes to improve the intracellular delivery efficiency. While the majority of the studies are focusing on strengthening the endosomal escape capability to maximize the delivery outcome, recent evidence suggests that a careful control of the endosomal escape process could provide opportunity for targeted drug delivery. In this concept review, we examined current delivery systems that can sense intra-endosomal factors or external stimuli for controlling endosomal escape toward a targeted intracellular delivery of cargos. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of such strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Kostyuk AI, Rapota DD, Morozova KI, Fedotova AA, Jappy D, Semyanov AV, Belousov VV, Brazhe NA, Bilan DS. Modern optical approaches in redox biology: Genetically encoded sensors and Raman spectroscopy. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 217:68-115. [PMID: 38508405 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the current review is to summarize the current state of optical methods in redox biology. It consists of two parts, the first is dedicated to genetically encoded fluorescent indicators and the second to Raman spectroscopy. In the first part, we provide a detailed classification of the currently available redox biosensors based on their target analytes. We thoroughly discuss the main architecture types of these proteins, the underlying engineering strategies for their development, the biochemical properties of existing tools and their advantages and disadvantages from a practical point of view. Particular attention is paid to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy as a possible readout technique, since it is less prone to certain artifacts than traditional intensiometric measurements. In the second part, the characteristic Raman peaks of the most important redox intermediates are listed, and examples of how this knowledge can be implemented in biological studies are given. This part covers such fields as estimation of the redox states and concentrations of Fe-S clusters, cytochromes, other heme-containing proteins, oxidative derivatives of thiols, lipids, and nucleotides. Finally, we touch on the issue of multiparameter imaging, in which biosensors are combined with other visualization methods for simultaneous assessment of several cellular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana D Rapota
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kseniia I Morozova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anna A Fedotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey V Semyanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, 143025, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Brazhe
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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6
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van der Vlies AJ, Yamane S, Hasegawa U. Recent advance in self-assembled polymeric nanomedicines for gaseous signaling molecule delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1934. [PMID: 37904284 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) have recently been recognized as essential signal mediators that regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes in the human body. With the evolution of gaseous signaling molecule biology, their therapeutic applications have attracted growing attention. One of the challenges in translational research of gaseous signaling molecules is the lack of efficient and safe delivery systems. To tackle this issue, researchers developed a library of gas donors, which are low molecular weight compounds that can release gaseous signaling molecules upon decomposition under physiological conditions. Despite the significant efforts to control gaseous signaling molecule release from gas donors, the therapeutic potential of gaseous signaling molecules cannot be fully explored due to their unfavorable pharmacokinetics and toxic side effects. Recently, the use of nanoparticle-based gas donors, especially self-assembled polymeric gas donors, have emerged as a promising approach. In this review, we describe the development of conventional small gas donors and the challenges in their therapeutic applications. We then illustrate the concepts and critical aspects for designing self-assembled polymeric gas donors and discuss the advantages of this approach in gasotransmistter delivery. We also highlight recent efforts to develop the delivery systems for those molecules based on self-assembled polymeric nanostructures. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J van der Vlies
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Setsuko Yamane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- National Institute of Technology, Numazu College, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Urara Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Oerlemans RAF, Shao J, van Stevendaal MHME, Wu H, Patiño Padial T, Abdelmohsen LKEA, van Hest JCM. Biodegradable Grubbs-Loaded Artificial Organelles for Endosomal Ring-Closing Metathesis. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4148-4155. [PMID: 37589683 PMCID: PMC10498438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of transition-metal catalysts in living cells presents a promising approach to facilitate reactions that otherwise would not occur in nature. However, the usage of metal complexes is often restricted by their limited biocompatibility, toxicity, and susceptibility to inactivation and loss of activity by the cell's defensive mechanisms. This is especially relevant for ruthenium-mediated reactions, such as ring-closing metathesis. In order to address these issues, we have incorporated the second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst (HGII) into polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which were composed of biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(caprolactone-g-trimethylene carbonate) [PEG-b-P(CL-g-TMC)] block copolymers. The catalyst was either covalently or non-covalently introduced into the polymersome membrane. These polymersomes were able to act as artificial organelles that promote endosomal ring-closing metathesis for the intracellular generation of a fluorescent dye. This is the first example of the use of a polymersome-based artificial organelle with an active ruthenium catalyst for carbon-carbon bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A.
J. F. Oerlemans
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jingxin Shao
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen H. M. E. van Stevendaal
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Patiño Padial
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for
Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Ortiz Peña N, Cherukula K, Even B, Ji DK, Razafindrakoto S, Peng S, Silva AKA, Ménard-Moyon C, Hillaireau H, Bianco A, Fattal E, Alloyeau D, Gazeau F. Resolution of MoS 2 Nanosheets-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Driven by Nanoscale Intracellular Transformation and Extracellular-Vesicle Shuttles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209615. [PMID: 36649533 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to some engineered nanomaterials can cause chronic lesions as a result of unresolved inflammation. Among 2D nanomaterials and graphene, MoS2 has received tremendous attention in optoelectronics and nanomedicine. Here an integrated approach is proposed to follow up the transformation of MoS2 nanosheets at the nanoscale and assesss their impact on lung inflammation status over 1 month after a single inhalation in mice. Analysis of immune cells, alveolar macrophages, extracellular vesicles, and cytokine profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) shows that MoS2 nanosheets induced initiation of lung inflammation. However, the inflammation is rapidly resolved despite the persistence of various biotransformed molybdenum-based nanostructures in the alveolar macrophages and the extracellular vesicles for up to 1 month. Using in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy experiments, the dynamics of MoS2 nanosheets transformation triggered by reactive oxygen species could be evidenced. Three main transformation mechanisms are observed directly at the nanoscale level: 1) scrolling of the dispersed sheets leading to the formation of nanoscrolls and folded patches, 2) etching releasing soluble MoO4 - , and 3) oxidation generating oxidized sheet fragments. Extracellular vesicles released in BALF are also identified as a potential shuttle of MoS2 nanostructures and their degradation products and more importantly as mediators of inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Ortiz Peña
- Université Paris Cité, MPQ Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Kondareddy Cherukula
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Even
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Ding-Kun Ji
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Razafindrakoto
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Shiyuan Peng
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Damien Alloyeau
- Université Paris Cité, MPQ Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
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9
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O’Brien RM, Lynam-Lennon N, Olcina MM. Thinking inside the box: intracellular roles for complement system proteins come into focus. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:165-167. [PMID: 36650365 PMCID: PMC9902547 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, perspectives on the complement system in the context of cancer have shifted, with complement proteins now implicated in many of the hallmarks of cancer. Systemically, the generation of complement anaphylatoxin C5a, the most potent inflammatory mediator of the cascade, occurs following convertase-mediated cleavage of complement component C5. In a recent manuscript, Ding et al., propose that in colorectal cancer cells, C5 cleavage can occur intracellularly and in a convertase-independent manner, identifying cathepsin D as an enzyme capable of cleaving C5 into C5a [1]. Intracellular C5a is functional and promotes β-catenin stabilisation via the assembly of a KCTD5/cullin3/Roc-1 complex. Importantly, the blockade of C5aR1 prevents tumorigenesis. This study adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that complement proteins, previously thought to primarily have extracellular or membrane-bound functions, also have important intracellular roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. O’Brien
- grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland ,grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- grid.416409.e0000 0004 0617 8280Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Monica M. Olcina
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
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10
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van der Vlies AJ, Ghasemi M, Adair BM, Adair JH, Gomez ED, Hasegawa U. Reactive Oxygen Species-Triggered Hydrogen Sulfide Release and Cancer-Selective Antiproliferative Effect of Anethole Dithiolethione-Containing Polymeric Micelles. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201836. [PMID: 36495554 PMCID: PMC10125727 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a gaseous signaling molecule in the human body and has attracted attention in cancer therapy due to its regulatory roles in cancer cell proliferation and migration. Accumulating evidence suggests that continuous delivery of H2 S to cancer cells for extended periods of time suppresses cancer progression. However, one major challenge in therapeutic applications of H2 S is its controlled delivery. To solve this problem, polymeric micelles are developed containing H2 S donating-anethole dithiolethione (ADT) groups, with H2 S release profiles optimal for suppressing cancer cell proliferation. The micelles release H2 S upon oxidation by reactive oxygens species (ROS) that are present inside the cells. The H2 S release profiles can be controlled by changing the polymer design. Furthermore, the micelles that show a moderate H2 S release rate exert the strongest anti-proliferative effect in human colon cancer cells in in vitro assays as well as the chick chorioallantoic membrane cancer model, while the micelles do not affect proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This study shows the importance of fine-tuning H2 S release profiles using a micelle approach for realizing the full therapeutic potential of H2 S in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J van der Vlies
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Masoud Ghasemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bernadette M Adair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James H Adair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Urara Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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11
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Wendt S, Johnson S, Weilinger NL, Groten C, Sorrentino S, Frew J, Yang L, Choi HB, Nygaard HB, MacVicar BA. Simultaneous imaging of redox states in dystrophic neurites and microglia at Aβ plaques indicate lysosome accumulation not microglia correlate with increased oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102448. [PMID: 36037587 PMCID: PMC9440309 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inter-relationship between microglia dynamics and oxidative stress (Ox-stress) in dystrophic neurites (DNs) at Alzheimer's Disease (AD) plaques may contribute to the pathological changes in neurons. We developed new in vivo imaging strategies to combine EGFP expression in microglia with neuronal expression of genetically encoded ratiometric redox sensors (rogRFP2 or roGFP1), and immunohistochemistry to investigate how microglia influence Ox-stress at amyloid plaques in 5xFAD AD mice. By simultaneously imaging microglia morphology and neuronal Ox-stress over time in vivo and in fixed brains we found that microglia preferentially enwrapped DNs exhibiting the greatest degree of Ox-stress. After microglia were partially depleted with the CSF1 receptor antagonist PLX3397, Ox-stress in DNs increased in a manner that was inversely correlated to the extent of coverage of the adjacent Aβ plaques by the remaining microglia. These data suggest that microglia do not create Ox-stress at Aβ plaques but instead create protective barriers around Aβ plaques possibly reducing the spread of Aβ. Intracranial injection of Aβ was sufficient to induce neuronal Ox-stress suggesting it to be the initial trigger of Ox-stress generation. Although Ox-stress is increased in DNs, neuronal survival is enhanced following microglia depletion indicating complex and multifactorial roles of microglia with both neurotoxic and neuroprotective components. Increased Ox-stress of DNs was correlated with higher LAMP1 and ubiquitin immunoreactivity supporting proposed mechanistic links between lysosomal accumulation in DNs and their intrinsic generation of Ox-stress. Our results suggest protective as well as neurotoxic roles for microglia at plaques and that the generation of Ox-stress of DNs could intrinsically be generated via lysosomal disruption rather than by microglia. In Brief: Simultaneous imaging of microglia and neuronal Ox-stress revealed a double-edged role for microglia in 5xFAD mice. Plaque associated microglia were attracted to and enwrapped Aβ plaques as well as the most highly oxidized DNs. After partial depletion of microglia, DNs were larger with greater levels of Ox-stress. Despite increased Ox-stress after microglia removal neuronal survival improved. Greater Ox-stress was correlated with increased levels of LAMP1 and ubiquitin thereby linking lysosome accumulation and Ox-stress in DNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wendt
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Sora Johnson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nicholas L Weilinger
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher Groten
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stefano Sorrentino
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jonathan Frew
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lucy Yang
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hyun B Choi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Haakon B Nygaard
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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12
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Artikis E, Kraus A, Caughey B. Structural biology of ex vivo mammalian prions. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102181. [PMID: 35752366 PMCID: PMC9293645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The structures of prion protein (PrP)-based mammalian prions have long been elusive. However, cryo-EM has begun to reveal the near-atomic resolution structures of fully infectious ex vivo mammalian prion fibrils as well as relatively innocuous synthetic PrP amyloids. Comparisons of these various types of PrP fibrils are now providing initial clues to structural features that correlate with pathogenicity. As first indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance and solid-state NMR studies of synthetic amyloids, all sufficiently resolved PrP fibrils of any sort (n > 10) have parallel in-register intermolecular β-stack architectures. Cryo-EM has shown that infectious brain-derived prion fibrils of the rodent-adapted 263K and RML scrapie strains have much larger ordered cores than the synthetic fibrils. These bona fide prion strains share major structural motifs, but the conformational details and the overall shape of the fibril cross sections differ markedly. Such motif variations, as well as differences in sequence within the ordered polypeptide cores, likely contribute to strain-dependent templating. When present, N-linked glycans and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors project outward from the fibril surface. For the mouse RML strain, these posttranslational modifications have little effect on the core structure. In the GPI-anchored prion structures, a linear array of GPI anchors along the twisting fibril axis appears likely to bind membranes in vivo, and as such, may account for pathognomonic membrane distortions seen in prion diseases. In this review, we focus on these infectious prion structures and their implications regarding prion replication mechanisms, strains, transmission barriers, and molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrosini Artikis
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Allison Kraus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Byron Caughey
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA.
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13
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Tian Y, Tirrell MV, LaBelle JL. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Biomacromolecules through Intracellular Delivery of Nucleic Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102600. [PMID: 35285167 PMCID: PMC9232950 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules have long been at the leading edge of academic and pharmaceutical drug development and clinical translation. With the clinical advances of new therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acids, the array of medical applications of biomacromolecules has broadened considerably. A major on-going effort is to expand therapeutic targets within intracellular locations. Owing to their large sizes, abundant charges, and hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors, advanced delivery technologies are required to deliver biomacromolecules effectively inside cells. In this review, strategies used for the intracellular delivery of three major forms of biomacromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides, are highlighted. An emphasis is placed on synthetic delivery approaches and the major hurdles needed to be overcome for their ultimate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - James L LaBelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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14
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Cooper I, Schnaider-Beeri M, Fridkin M, Shechter Y. Albumin-Methotrexate Prodrug Analogues That Undergo Intracellular Reactivation Following Entrance into Cancerous Glioma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:71. [PMID: 35056966 PMCID: PMC8778984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of monomodified bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to methotrexate (MTX) through a variety of spacers was prepared. All analogues were found to be prodrugs having low MTX-inhibitory potencies toward dihydrofolate reductase in a cell-free system. The optimal conjugates regenerated their antiproliferative efficacies following entrance into cancerous glioma cell lines and were significantly superior to MTX in an insensitive glioma cell line. A BSA-MTX conjugate linked through a simple ethylene chain spacer, containing a single peptide bond located 8.7 Å distal to the protein back bone, and apart from the covalently linked MTX by about 12 Å, was most effective. The inclusion of an additional disulfide bond in the spacer neither enhanced nor reduced the killing potency of this analogue. Disrupting the native structure of the carrier protein in the conjugates significantly reduced their antiproliferative activity. In conclusion, we have engineered BSA-MTX prodrug analogues which undergo intracellular reactivation and facilitate antiproliferative activities following their entrance into glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research—The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider-Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mati Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Yoram Shechter
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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15
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Wylie B, Ong F, Belhoul-Fakir H, Priebatsch K, Bogdawa H, Stirnweiss A, Watt P, Cunningham P, Stone SR, Waithman J. Targeting Cross-Presentation as a Route to Improve the Efficiency of Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6189. [PMID: 34944809 PMCID: PMC8699136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presenting dendritic cells (DC) offer an attractive target for vaccination due to their unique ability to process exogenous antigens for presentation on MHC class I molecules. Recent reports have established that these DC express unique surface receptors and play a critical role in the initiation of anti-tumor immunity, opening the way for the development of vaccination strategies specifically targeting these cells. This study investigated whether targeting cross-presenting DC by two complementary mechanisms could improve vaccine effectiveness, in both a viral setting and in a murine melanoma model. Our novel vaccine construct contained the XCL1 ligand, to target uptake to XCR1+ cross-presenting DC, and a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) with endosomal escape properties, to enhance antigen delivery into the cross-presentation pathway. Using a prime-boost regimen, we demonstrated robust expansion of antigen-specific T cells following vaccination with our CPP-linked peptide vaccine and protective immunity against HSV-1 skin infection, where vaccine epitopes were natively expressed by the virus. Additionally, our novel vaccination strategy slowed tumor outgrowth in a B16 murine melanoma model, compared to adjuvant only controls, suggesting antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity was generated following vaccination. These findings suggest that novel strategies to target the antigen cross-presentation pathway in DC may be beneficial for the generation of anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wylie
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Ferrer Ong
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Hanane Belhoul-Fakir
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
| | | | | | - Anja Stirnweiss
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Watt
- Avicena, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Paula Cunningham
- PYC Therapeutics, Harry Perkins Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (F.O.); (A.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Shane R. Stone
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
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16
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Benedetti F, Stadlbauer K, Stadlmayr G, Rüker F, Wozniak-Knopp G. A Tetravalent Biparatopic Antibody Causes Strong HER2 Internalization and Inhibits Cellular Proliferation. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111157. [PMID: 34833033 PMCID: PMC8624325 DOI: 10.3390/life11111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of tyrosine kinase HER2 in numerous cancers, connected with fierce signaling and uncontrolled proliferation, makes it a suitable target for immunotherapy. The acquisition of resistance to currently used compounds and the multiplicity of signaling pathways involved prompted research into the discovery of novel binders as well as treatment options with multiple targeting and multispecific agents. Here we constructed an anti-HER2 tetravalent and biparatopic symmetrical IgG-like molecule by combining the Fab of pertuzumab with a HER2-specific Fcab (Fc fragment with antigen binding), which recognizes an epitope overlapping with trastuzumab. In the strongly HER2-positive cell line SK-BR-3, the molecule induced a rapid and efficient reduction in surface HER2 levels. A potent anti-proliferative effect, specific for the HER2-positive cell line, was observed in vitro, following the induction of apoptosis, and this could not be achieved with treatment with the mixture of pertuzumab and the parental Fcab. The inhibitory cytotoxic effect of our antibody as a single agent makes it a promising contribution to the armory of anti-cancer molecules directed against HER2-addicted cells.
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17
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Cai S, Kumar R, Singh BR. Clostridial Neurotoxins: Structure, Function and Implications to Other Bacterial Toxins. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2206. [PMID: 34835332 PMCID: PMC8618262 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are ancient organisms. Many bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria, produce toxins to manipulate the host, leading to various diseases. While the targets of Gram-positive bacterial toxins are diverse, many of those toxins use a similar mechanism to invade host cells and exert their functions. Clostridial neurotoxins produced by Clostridial tetani and Clostridial botulinum provide a classical example to illustrate the structure-function relationship of bacterial toxins. Here, we critically review the recent progress of the structure-function relationship of clostridial neurotoxins, including the diversity of the clostridial neurotoxins, the mode of actions, and the flexible structures required for the activation of toxins. The mechanism clostridial neurotoxins use for triggering their activity is shared with many other Gram-positive bacterial toxins, especially molten globule-type structures. This review also summarizes the implications of the molten globule-type flexible structures to other Gram-positive bacterial toxins. Understanding these highly dynamic flexible structures in solution and their role in the function of bacterial toxins not only fills in the missing link of the high-resolution structures from X-ray crystallography but also provides vital information for better designing antidotes against those toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuowei Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Botulinum Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; (R.K.); (B.R.S.)
| | - Bal Ram Singh
- Botulinum Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; (R.K.); (B.R.S.)
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18
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Glueck NK, O'Brien KM, Seguin DC, Starai VJ. Legionella pneumophila LegC7 effector protein drives aberrant endoplasmic reticulum:endosome contacts in yeast. Traffic 2021; 22:284-302. [PMID: 34184807 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, causing the severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. Legionella actively alters host organelle trafficking through the activities of "effector" proteins secreted via a type-IVB secretion system, in order to construct the bacteria-laden Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) and prevent lysosomal degradation. The LCV is created with membrane derived from host endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory vesicles and phagosomes, although the precise molecular mechanisms that drive its synthesis remain poorly understood. In an effort to characterize the in vivo activity of the LegC7/YlfA SNARE-like effector protein from Legionella in the context of eukaryotic membrane trafficking in yeast, we find that LegC7 interacts with the Emp46p/Emp47p ER-to-Golgi glycoprotein cargo adapter complex, alters ER morphology and induces aberrant ER:endosome interactions, as measured by visualization of ER cargo degradation, reconstitution of split-GFP proteins and enhanced oxidation of the ER lumen. LegC7-dependent toxicity, disruption of ER morphology and ER:endosome fusion events were dependent upon endosomal VPS class C tethering complexes and the endosomal t-SNARE, Pep12p. This work establishes a model in which LegC7 functions to recruit host ER material to the bacterial phagosome during infection by driving ER:endosome contacts, potentially through interaction with host membrane tethering complexes and/or cargo adapters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Glueck
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin M O'Brien
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Danielle C Seguin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Vincent J Starai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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19
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Ghosal S, Walker JE, Alabi CA. Predictive Platforms of Bond Cleavage and Drug Release Kinetics for Macromolecule–Drug Conjugates. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:241-261. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-091720-030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecule–drug conjugates (MDCs) occupy a critical niche in modern pharmaceuticals that deals with the assembly and combination of a macromolecular carrier, a drug cargo, and a linker toward the creation of effective therapeutics. Macromolecular carriers such as synthetic biocompatible polymers and proteins are often exploited for their inherent ability to improve drug circulation, prevent off-target drug cytotoxicity, and widen the therapeutic index of drugs. One of the most significant challenges in MDC design involves tuning their drug release kinetics to achieve high spatiotemporal precision. This level of control requires a thorough qualitative and quantitative understanding of the bond cleavage event. In this review, we highlight specific research findings that emphasize the importance of establishing a precise structure–function relationship for MDCs that can be used to predict their bond cleavage and drug release kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Javon E. Walker
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Christopher A. Alabi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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20
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Meng J, Lv Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Qiao X, Sun C, Chen Y, Guo M, Han W, Ye A, Xie T, Chu B, Shi C, Yang S, Chen C. Precision Redox: The Key for Antioxidant Pharmacology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1069-1082. [PMID: 33270507 PMCID: PMC8080931 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The redox balance of cells provides a stable microenvironment for biological macromolecules to perform their physiological functions. As redox imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases, antioxidant therapies are an attractive option. However, redox-based therapeutic strategies have not yet shown satisfactory results. To find the key reason is of great significance. Recent Advances: We emphasize the precise nature of redox regulation and elucidate the importance and necessity of precision redox strategies from three aspects: differences in redox status, differences in redox function, and differences in the effects of redox therapy. We then propose the "5R" principle of precision redox in antioxidant pharmacology: "Right species, Right place, Right time, Right level, and Right target." Critical Issues: Redox status must be considered in the context of species, time, place, level, and target. The function of a biomacromolecule and its cellular signaling role are closely dependent on redox status. Accurate evaluation of redox status and specific interventions are critical for the success of redox treatments. Precision redox is the key for antioxidant pharmacology. The precise application of antioxidants as nutritional supplements is also key to the general health of the population. Future Directions: Future studies to develop more accurate methods for detecting redox status and accurately evaluating the redox state of different physiological and pathological processes are needed. Antioxidant pharmacology should consider the "5R" principle rather than continuing to apply global nonspecific antioxidant treatments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1069-1082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Lv
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhe Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Han
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aojun Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boyu Chu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shangpo Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Sun Y, Davis E. Nanoplatforms for Targeted Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery: A Review of Platform Materials and Stimuli-Responsive Release and Targeting Mechanisms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:746. [PMID: 33809633 PMCID: PMC8000772 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the promise of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, they should (1) avoid premature clearance; (2) accumulate in tumors and undergo endocytosis by cancer cells; and (3) exhibit appropriate stimuli-responsive release of the payload. It is challenging to address all of these requirements simultaneously. However, the numerous proof-of-concept studies addressing one or more of these requirements reported every year have dramatically expanded the toolbox available for the design of drug delivery systems. This review highlights recent advances in the targeting and stimuli-responsiveness of drug delivery systems. It begins with a discussion of nanocarrier types and an overview of the factors influencing nanocarrier biodistribution. On-demand release strategies and their application to each type of nanocarrier are reviewed, including both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recent developments in stimuli-responsive targeting strategies are also discussed. The remaining challenges and prospective solutions in the field are discussed throughout the review, which is intended to assist researchers in overcoming interdisciplinary knowledge barriers and increase the speed of development. This review presents a nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems toolbox that enables the application of techniques across platforms and inspires researchers with interdisciplinary information to boost the development of multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Davis
- Materials Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Auburn University, 101 Wilmore Drive, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
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22
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Sadeghi I, Byrne J, Shakur R, Langer R. Engineered drug delivery devices to address Global Health challenges. J Control Release 2021; 331:503-514. [PMID: 33516755 PMCID: PMC7842133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a dire need for innovative solutions to address global health needs. Polymeric systems have been shown to provide substantial benefit to all sectors of healthcare, especially for their ability to extend and control drug delivery. Herein, we review polymeric drug delivery devices for vaccines, tuberculosis, and contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilin Sadeghi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James Byrne
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rameen Shakur
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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23
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Benedetti F, Stracke F, Stadlmayr G, Stadlbauer K, Rüker F, Wozniak-Knopp G. Bispecific antibodies with Fab-arms featuring exchanged antigen-binding constant domains. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100959. [PMID: 33718630 PMCID: PMC7920882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies can acquire the property of engagement of a second antigen via fusion methods or modification of their CDR loops, but also by modification of their constant domains, such as in the mAb2 format where a set of mutated amino acid residues in the CH3 domains enables a high-affinity specific interaction with the second antigen. We tested the possibility of introducing multiple binding sites for the second antigen by replacing the Fab CH1/CL domain pair with a pair of antigen-binding CH3 domains in a model scaffold with trastuzumab variable domains and VEGF-binding CH3 domains. Such bispecific molecules were produced in a “Fab-like” format and in a full-length antibody format. Novel constructs were of expected molecular composition using mass spectrometry. They were expressed at a high level in standard laboratory conditions, purified as monomers with Protein A and gel filtration and were of high thermostability. Their high-affinity binding to both target antigens was retained. Finally, the Her2/VEGF binding domain-exchanged bispecific antibody was able to mediate a potentiated surface Her2-internalization effect on the Her2-overexpressing cell line SK-BR-3 due to improved level of cross-linking with the endogenously secreted cytokine. To conclude, bispecific antibodies with Fabs featuring exchanged antigen-binding CH3 domains offer an alternative solution in positioning and valency of antigen binding sites. Fab constant domains can be efficiently exchanged for antigen-binding CH3 domains. Such mutagenesis results in bispecific antibodies with correct chain pairing. Domain-exchanged bispecific Fab- and IgG-like formats are of favorable biophysical properties. Resulting bispecific antibodies show high-affinity binding to both target antigens.
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Key Words
- Ab, antibody
- BLI, biolayer interferometry
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bispecific antibody
- CDR, complementarity determining region
- DSC, differential scanning calorimetry
- Domain-exchanged antibody
- EC50, half-maximal effective concentration
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Fab constant domain exchange
- Fab, fragment antigen binding
- Fc, fragment crystallizable
- Fcab, Fc with antigen binding properties
- HPLC-SEC, high pressure liquid chromatography-size exclusion chromatography
- Her2 internalization
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LC-ESI-MS, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PE, phycoerythrin
- PEI, polyethylenimine
- PNGase F, Peptide:N-glycosidase F
- RMSD, root mean square deviation
- TRA, trastuzumab
- Tm, melting temperature
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- “Knobs-into-holes” heterodimerization
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Benedetti
- CD Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Stracke
- CD Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- CD Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Stadlbauer
- CD Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Rüker
- CD Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gordana Wozniak-Knopp
- CD Laboratory for Innovative Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Checa J, Aran JM. Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1057-1073. [PMID: 33293849 PMCID: PMC7719303 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s275595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 billion years ago, the Earth is immersed in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it has been proposed that excess oxygen, originally a waste product of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, induced oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have since acted as fundamental drivers of biologic evolution and eukaryogenesis. Indeed, throughout an organism’s lifespan, ROS affect directly (as mutagens) or indirectly (as messengers and regulators) all structural and functional components of cells, and many aspects of cell biology. Whether left unchecked by protective antioxidant systems, excess ROS not only cause genomic mutations but also induce irreversible oxidative modification of proteins (protein oxidation and peroxidation), lipids and glycans (advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products), impairing their function and promoting disease or cell death. Conversely, low-level local ROS play an important role both as redox-signaling molecules in a wide spectrum of pathways involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (MAPK/ERK, PTK/PTP, PI3K-AKT-mTOR), and regulating key transcription factors (NFκB/IκB, Nrf2/KEAP1, AP-1, p53, HIF-1). Consequently, ROS can shape a variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the relevance of ROS in both physiological and pathological processes, particularly inflammation and aging. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of ROS actuation and their influence under steady-state and stressful conditions will pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This will mitigate the harmful outcomes of ROS in the onset and progression of a variety of chronic inflammatory and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Checa
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Josep M Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
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25
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Zuo S, Sun B, Yang Y, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Guo M, Sun M, Luo C, He Z, Sun J. Probing the Superiority of Diselenium Bond on Docetaxel Dimeric Prodrug Nanoassemblies: Small Roles Taking Big Responsibilities. SMALL 2020; 16:e2005039. [PMID: 33078579 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The current state of chemotherapy is far from satisfaction, restricted by the inefficient drug delivery and the off-target toxicity. Prodrug nanoassemblies are emerging as efficient platforms for chemotherapy. Herein, three docetaxel dimeric prodrugs are designed using diselenide bond, disulfide bond, or dicarbide bond as linkages. Interestingly, diselenide bond-bridged dimeric prodrug can self-assemble into stable nanoparticles with impressive high drug loading (≈70%, w/w). Compared with disulfide bond and dicarbide bond, diselenide bond greatly facilitates the self-assembly of dimeric prodrug, and then improves the colloidal stability, blood circulation time, and antitumor efficacy of prodrug nanoassemblies. Furthermore, the redox-sensitive diselenide bond can specifically respond to the overexpressed reactive oxygen species and glutathione in tumor cells, leading to tumor-specific drug release. Therefore, diselenide bond bridged prodrug nanoassemblies exhibit discriminating cytotoxicity between tumor cells and normal cells, significantly alleviating the systemic toxicity of docetaxel. The present work gains in-depth insight into the impact of diselenide bond on the dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies, and provides promising strategies for the rational design of the high efficiency-low toxicity chemotherapeutical nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bingjun Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yinxian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Mengran Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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26
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Scales SJ, Gupta N, De Mazière AM, Posthuma G, Chiu CP, Pierce AA, Hötzel K, Tao J, Foreman O, Koukos G, Oltrabella F, Klumperman J, Lin W, Peterson AS. Apolipoprotein L1-Specific Antibodies Detect Endogenous APOL1 inside the Endoplasmic Reticulum and on the Plasma Membrane of Podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2044-2064. [PMID: 32764142 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOL1 is found in human kidney podocytes and endothelia. Variants G1 and G2 of the APOL1 gene account for the high frequency of nondiabetic CKD among African Americans. Proposed mechanisms of kidney podocyte cytotoxicity resulting from APOL1 variant overexpression implicate different subcellular compartments. It is unclear where endogenous podocyte APOL1 resides, because previous immunolocalization studies utilized overexpressed protein or commercially available antibodies that crossreact with APOL2. This study describes and distinguishes the locations of both APOLs. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, confocal and immunoelectron microscopy, and podocyte fractionation localized endogenous and transfected APOL1 using a large panel of novel APOL1-specific mouse and rabbit monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Both endogenous podocyte and transfected APOL1 isoforms vA and vB1 (and a little of isoform vC) localize to the luminal face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to the cell surface, but not to mitochondria, endosomes, or lipid droplets. In contrast, APOL2, isoform vB3, and most vC of APOL1 localize to the cytoplasmic face of the ER and are consequently absent from the cell surface. APOL1 knockout podocytes do not stain for APOL1, attesting to the APOL1-specificity of the antibodies. Stable re-transfection of knockout podocytes with inducible APOL1-G0, -G1, and -G2 showed no differences in localization among variants. CONCLUSIONS APOL1 is found in the ER and plasma membrane, consistent with either the ER stress or surface cation channel models of APOL1-mediated cytotoxicity. The surface localization of APOL1 variants potentially opens new therapeutic targeting avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie J Scales
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California .,Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California.,Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Ann M De Mazière
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George Posthuma
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia P Chiu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew A Pierce
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kathy Hötzel
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jianhua Tao
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Oded Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Georgios Koukos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Judith Klumperman
- Section of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - WeiYu Lin
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew S Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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27
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Duan J, Zhang T, Gaffrey MJ, Weitz KK, Moore RJ, Li X, Xian M, Thrall BD, Qian WJ. Stochiometric quantification of the thiol redox proteome of macrophages reveals subcellular compartmentalization and susceptibility to oxidative perturbations. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101649. [PMID: 32750668 PMCID: PMC7397701 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of protein cysteine thiols play a significant role in redox regulation and the pathogenesis of human diseases. Herein, we report the characterization of the cellular redox landscape in terms of quantitative, site-specific occupancies of both S-glutathionylation (SSG) and total reversible thiol oxidation (total oxidation) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells under basal conditions. The occupancies of thiol modifications for ~4000 cysteine sites were quantified, revealing a mean site occupancy of 4.0% for SSG and 11.9% for total oxidation, respectively. Correlations between site occupancies and structural features such as pKa, relative residue surface accessibility, and hydrophobicity were observed. Proteome-wide site occupancy analysis revealed that the average occupancies of SSG and total oxidation in specific cellular compartments correlate well with the expected redox potentials of respective organelles in macrophages, consistent with the notion of redox compartmentalization. The lowest average occupancies were observed in more reducing organelles such as the mitochondria (non-membrane) and nucleus, while the highest average occupancies were found in more oxidizing organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosome. Furthermore, a pattern of subcellular susceptibility to redox changes was observed under oxidative stress induced by exposure to engineered metal oxide nanoparticles. Peroxisome, ER, and mitochondria (membrane) are the organelles which exhibit the most significant redox changes; while mitochondria (non-membrane) and Golgi were observed as the organelles being most resistant to oxidative stress. Finally, it was observed that Cys residues at enzymatic active sites generally had a higher level of occupancy compared to non-active Cys residues within the same proteins, suggesting site occupancy as a potential indicator of protein functional sites. The raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019913.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Duan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Brian D Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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28
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Bi X, Yin J, Zhang D, Zhang X, Balamkundu S, Lescar J, Dedon PC, Tam JP, Liu CF. Tagging Transferrin Receptor with a Disulfide FRET Probe To Gauge the Redox State in Endosomal Compartments. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12460-12466. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Bi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Juan Yin
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore169857, Singapore
| | - Dingpeng Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Seetharamsing Balamkundu
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, 1 Create Way, #10-01 Create Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Peter C. Dedon
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, 1 Create Way, #10-01 Create Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - James P. Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Chuan-Fa Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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29
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Leyton JV. Improving Receptor-Mediated Intracellular Access and Accumulation of Antibody Therapeutics-The Tale of HER2. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E32. [PMID: 32668710 PMCID: PMC7551051 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic anti-HER2 antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have undoubtedly benefitted patients. Nonetheless, patients ultimately relapse-some sooner than others. Currently approved anti-HER2 drugs are expensive and their cost-effectiveness is debated. There is increased awareness that internalization and lysosomal processing including subsequent payload intracellular accumulation and retention for ADCs are critical therapeutic attributes. Although HER2 preferential overexpression on the surface of tumor cells is attractive, its poor internalization and trafficking to lysosomes has been linked to poor therapeutic outcomes. To help address such issues, this review will comprehensively detail the most relevant findings on internalization and cellular accumulation for approved and investigational anti-HER2 antibodies and ADCs. The improved clarity of the HER2 system could improve antibody and ADC designs and approaches for next-generation anti-HER2 and other receptor targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Leyton
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
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30
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Sasanian N, Bernson D, Horvath I, Wittung-Stafshede P, Esbjörner EK. Redox-Dependent Copper Ion Modulation of Amyloid-β (1-42) Aggregation In Vitro. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E924. [PMID: 32570820 PMCID: PMC7355640 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque deposits composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although copper ion dyshomeostasis is apparent in AD brains and copper ions are found co-deposited with Aβ peptides in patients' plaques, the molecular effects of copper ion interactions and redox-state dependence on Aβ aggregation remain elusive. By combining biophysical and theoretical approaches, we here show that Cu2+ (oxidized) and Cu+ (reduced) ions have opposite effects on the assembly kinetics of recombinant Aβ(1-42) into amyloid fibrils in vitro. Cu2+ inhibits both the unseeded and seeded aggregation of Aβ(1-42) at pH 8.0. Using mathematical models to fit the kinetic data, we find that Cu2+ prevents fibril elongation. The Cu2+-mediated inhibition of Aβ aggregation shows the largest effect around pH 6.0 but is lost at pH 5.0, which corresponds to the pH in lysosomes. In contrast to Cu2+, Cu+ ion binding mildly catalyzes the Aβ(1-42) aggregation via a mechanism that accelerates primary nucleation, possibly via the formation of Cu+-bridged Aβ(1-42) dimers. Taken together, our study emphasizes redox-dependent copper ion effects on Aβ(1-42) aggregation and thereby provides further knowledge of putative copper-dependent mechanisms resulting in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (N.S.); (D.B.); (I.H.); (P.W.-S.)
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31
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Mao W, Lee S, Shin JU, Yoo HS. Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Polymerized Anionic Corona on Gold Nanoparticles for Anti-Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030261. [PMID: 32183045 PMCID: PMC7150926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) documented a simple but efficient technique to grow a dense polymer layer on any surface. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) give a broad surface to immobilize sulfhyryl group-containing initiators for SI-ATRP; in addition, AuNPs are the major nanoparticulate carriers for delivery of anti-cancer therapeutics, since they are biocompatible and bioinert. In this work, AuNPs with a disulfide initiator were polymerized with sulfoethyl methacrylate by SI-ATRP to decorate the particles with anionic corona, and branched polyethyeleneimine (PEI) and siRNA were sequentially layered onto the anionic corona of AuNP by electrostatic interaction. The in vitro anti-cancer effect confirmed that AuNP with anionic corona showed higher degrees of apoptosis as well as suppression of the oncogene expression in a siRNA dose-dependent manner. The in vivo study of tumor-bearing nude mice revealed that mice treated with c-Myc siRNA-incorporated AuNPs showed dramatically decreased tumor size in comparison to those with free siRNA for 4 weeks. Furthermore, histological examination and gene expression study revealed that the decorated AuNP significantly suppressed c-Myc expression. Thus, we envision that the layer-by-layer assembly on the anionic brushes can be potentially used to incorporate nucleic acids onto metallic particles with high transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.M.); (S.L.); (J.U.S.)
| | - Sol Lee
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.M.); (S.L.); (J.U.S.)
| | - Ji Un Shin
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.M.); (S.L.); (J.U.S.)
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (W.M.); (S.L.); (J.U.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6563
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32
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Tetley GJN, Murphy NP, Bonetto S, Ivanova-Berndt G, Revell J, Mott HR, Cooley RN, Owen D. The discovery and maturation of peptide biologics targeting the small G-protein Cdc42: A bioblockade for Ras-driven signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2866-2884. [PMID: 31959628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Ras signaling drives 30% of cancers, and inhibition of the Rho family small GTPase signaling has been shown to combat Ras-driven cancers. Here, we present the discovery of a 16-mer cyclic peptide that binds to Cdc42 with nanomolar affinity. Affinity maturation of this sequence has produced a panel of derived candidates with increased affinity and modulated specificity for other closely-related small GTPases. The structure of the tightest binding peptide was solved by NMR, and its binding site on Cdc42 was determined. Addition of a cell-penetrating sequence allowed the peptides to access the cell interior and engage with their target(s), modulating signaling pathways. In Ras-driven cancer cell models, the peptides have an inhibitory effect on proliferation and show suppression of both invasion and motility. As such, they represent promising candidates for Rho-family small GTPase inhibitors and therapeutics targeting Ras-driven cancers. Our data add to the growing literature demonstrating that peptides are establishing their place in the biologics arm of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J N Tetley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha P Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Bonetto
- Isogenica Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Ivanova-Berndt
- Isogenica Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Jefferson Revell
- MedImmune, Sir Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom.
| | - R Neil Cooley
- Isogenica Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom.
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33
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Jiang Z, Thayumanavan S. Disulfide-containing Macromolecules for Therapeutic Delivery. Isr J Chem 2020; 60:132-139. [PMID: 34168383 PMCID: PMC8221575 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of macromolecules provides applicable platforms for the delivery of therapeutics. In this general overview, we focus on the design principles of synthetic polymers, with disulfide bonds located in either the polymer backbone or side chains. We also discuss the role of disulfide bonds, as well as the remaining questions to better understand their applications in therapeutic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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34
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Hayat SMG, Sahebkar A. Antibody-drug conjugates: smart weapons against cancer. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1257-1262. [PMID: 32864020 PMCID: PMC7444717 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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35
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Scales SJ, Tsai SP, Zacharias N, Cruz-Chuh JD, Bullen G, Velasquez E, Chang J, Bruguera E, Kozak KR, Sadowsky J. Development of a Cysteine-Conjugatable Disulfide FRET Probe: Influence of Charge on Linker Cleavage and Payload Trafficking for an Anti-HER2 Antibody Conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:3046-3056. [PMID: 31726009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide-linked bioconjugates allow the delivery of pharmacologically active or other cargo to specific tissues in a redox-sensitive fashion. However, an understanding of the kinetics, subcellular distribution, and mechanism of disulfide cleavage in such bioconjugates is generally lacking. Here, we report a modular disulfide-linked TAMRA-BODIPY based FRET probe that can be readily synthesized, modified, and conjugated to a cysteine-containing biomolecule to enable real-time monitoring of disulfide cleavage during receptor-mediated endocytosis in cells. We demonstrate the utility of this probe to study disulfide reduction during HER2 receptor-mediated uptake of a Cys-engineered anti-HER2 THIOMAB antibody. We found that introduction of positive, but not negative, charges in the probe improved retention of the BODIPY catabolite. This permitted the observation of significant disulfide cleavage in endosomes or lysosomes on par with proteolytic cleavage of a similarly charged valine-citrulline peptide-based probe. In general, the FRET probe we describe should enable real-time cellular monitoring of disulfide cleavage in other targeted delivery systems for mechanistic or diagnostic applications. Furthermore, modifications to the released BODIPY moiety permit evaluation of physicochemical properties that govern lysosomal egress or retention, which may have implications for the development of next-generation antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie J Scales
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Siao Ping Tsai
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Neelie Zacharias
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Josefa Dela Cruz-Chuh
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Gordy Bullen
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Erick Velasquez
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julie Chang
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Elise Bruguera
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jack Sadowsky
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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36
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Ibrahim A, Twizeyimana E, Lu N, Ke W, Mukerabigwi JF, Mohammed F, Japir AAWMM, Ge Z. Reduction-Responsive Polymer Prodrug Micelles with Enhanced Endosomal Escape Capability for Efficient Intracellular Translocation and Drug Release. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5099-5109. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi Ibrahim
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Etienne Twizeyimana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Nannan Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wendong Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jean Felix Mukerabigwi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Fathelrahman Mohammed
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Abd Al-Wali Mohammed M. Japir
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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37
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Sharma A, Lee MG, Won M, Koo S, Arambula JF, Sessler JL, Chi SG, Kim JS. Targeting Heterogeneous Tumors Using a Multifunctional Molecular Prodrug. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15611-15618. [PMID: 31509395 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is a molecular construct (K1) designed to overcome hurdles associated with delivering active drugs to heterogeneous tumor environments. Construct K1 relies on two cancer environment triggers (GSH and H2O2) to induce prodrug activation. It releases an active drug form (SN-38) under conditions of both oxidative and reductive stress in vitro. Specific uptake of K1 in COX-2 positive aggressive colon cancer cells (SW620 and LoVo) was seen, along with enhanced anticancer activity compared with the control agent SN-38. These findings are attributed to environmentally triggered drug release, as well as simultaneous scavenging of species giving rise to intracellular redox stress. K1 serves to downregulate various cancer survival signaling pathways (AKT, p38, IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-α) and upregulate an anti-inflammatory response (IL-10). Compared with SN-38 and DMSO as controls, K1 also displayed an improved in vivo therapeutic efficacy in a xenograft tumor regrowth model with no noticeable systematic toxicity at the administrated dose. We believe that the strategy described here presents an attractive approach to addressing solid tumors characterized by intratumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Miae Won
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Institute for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China.,Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712-1224 , United States
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 Korea
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38
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Knewtson K, Perera C, Hymel D, Gao Z, Lee MM, Peterson BR. Antibody-Drug Conjugate that Exhibits Synergistic Cytotoxicity with an Endosome-Disruptive Peptide. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12955-12968. [PMID: 31460422 PMCID: PMC6690568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are an important class of cancer therapeutics. These agents generally bind a specific cell surface receptor, undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis, and enter the endosomal-lysosomal system, where the environment in these organelles facilitates the release of a membrane-permeable cytotoxin. By using a membrane-impermeable cytotoxin, we describe here a method that allows the cytotoxicity of an antibody conjugate to be triggered by co-administration with an endosome-disruptive peptide that exhibits low toxicity. This approach was validated by conjugation of an anionic derivative of the tubulin-binding cytotoxin colchinol methyl ether to lysine residues of the HER2-targeting antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) via a disulfide. When this antibody binds HER2 on SKBR3 breast cancer cells and undergoes endocytosis, the membrane-impermeable cytotoxin is released, but it becomes trapped in endosomes, resulting in relatively low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 1 μM). However, co-administration with an essentially nontoxic (IC50 > 10 μM) cholesterol-linked endosome-disruptive peptide promotes the release of this small molecule into the cytoplasm, conferring subnanomolar cytotoxic potency (IC50 = 0.11 ± 0.07 nM). Studies of a structurally related fluorophore conjugate revealed that the endosome-disruptive peptide does not substantially enhance cleavage of the disulfide (t 1/2 = 8 ± 2 h) within endosomes, suggesting that the mechanism of endosomal escape involves the efflux of some small molecules without facilitating substantial influx of reduced glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey
E. Knewtson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chamani Perera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | | | | | | | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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39
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Zheng Y, Shen Y, Meng X, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Wu C. Stabilizing p-Dithiobenzyl Urethane Linkers without Rate-Limiting Self-Immolation for Traceless Drug Release. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1196-1203. [PMID: 31020782 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the redox sensitivity of disulfide bonds is a prevalent strategy in targeted prodrug designs. In contrast to aliphatic disulfides, p-thiobenzyl-based disulfides have rarely been used for prodrug designs, given their intrinsic instability caused by the low pKa of aromatic thiols. Here, we examined the interplay between steric hindrance and the low-pKa effect on thiol-disulfide exchange reactions and uncovered a new thiol-disulfide exchange process for the self-immolation of p-thiobenzyl-based disulfides. We observed a central leaving group shifting effect in the α,α-dimethyl-substituted p-dithiobenzyl urethane linkers (DMTB linkers), which leads to increased disulfide stability by more than two orders of magnitude, an extent that is significantly greater than that observed with typical aliphatic disulfides. In particular, the DMTB linkers display not only high stability, but also rapid self-immolation kinetics due to the low pKa of the aromatic thiol, which can be used as a general and robust linkage between targeting reagents and cytotoxic drugs for targeted prodrug designs. The unique and promising stability characteristics of the present DMTB linker will likely inspire the development of novel targeted prodrugs to achieve traceless release of drugs into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Yang Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005, China
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40
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Wezynfeld NE, Vileno B, Faller P. Cu(II) Binding to the N-Terminal Model Peptide of the Human Ctr2 Transporter at Lysosomal and Extracellular pH. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7488-7498. [PMID: 31083932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It was shown that His3 of human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) prompts the ATCUN-like Cu(II) coordination for model peptides of the hCtr1 N-terminus. Its high Cu(II) affinity is a potential driving force for the transfer of Cu(II) from extracellular Cu(II) carriers to hCtr1. Having a sequence similar to that of hCtr1, hCtr2 has been proposed as another human copper transporter. However, the N-terminal domain of hCtr2 is much shorter than that of hCtr1, with different copper binding motifs at its N-terminus. Employing a model peptide of the hCtr2 N-terminus, MAMHF-am, we demonstrated that His4 provides a unique pattern of Cu(II) complexes, involving Met sulfurs in their Cu(II) coordination sphere. The affinity of Cu(II) for MAMHF-am is a few orders of magnitude lower than that reported for the hCtr1 model peptides at the extracellular pH of 7.4, suggesting a maximal complementary role of Cu(II) binding to hCtr2 in the import of copper from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm. On the other hand, the ability of the hCtr2 model peptide to capture Cu(II) from amino acids and short peptides (potential degradation products of proteins) at pH 5.0 and the known predominant lysosomal localization of hCtr2 support an important potential role of the Cu(II)-hCtr2 interaction in the recovery of copper from lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina E Wezynfeld
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67000 Strasbourg , France.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Pawińskiego 5a , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Bertrand Vileno
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67000 Strasbourg , France.,French EPR Federation of Research (REseau NAtional de Rpe interDisciplinaire (RENARD) Fédération IR-RPE CNRS #3443) , 67081 Strasbourg , France
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 , CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67000 Strasbourg , France
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41
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Ji Y, Li J, Zhao J, Shan S, Chu CC. A light-facilitated drug delivery system from a pseudo-protein/hyaluronic acid nanocomplex with improved anti-tumor effects. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9987-10003. [PMID: 31080976 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01909j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reduction-sensitive nanomedicine is a promising strategy to achieve controlled release of payloads in response to intracellular reductive milieu. However, endolysosomal sequestration of internalized carriers and insufficient redox potential in endolysosomes may delay the release of payloads and impact their therapeutic efficacy. Photochemical internalization (PCI), which takes advantage of light-induced endolysosomal rupture, is an effective technique for endosomal escape and cytosolic release of cargos. In this study, a biodegradable and reduction-sensitive nanocomplex was developed from arginine based poly(ester amide)s and hyaluronic acid (HA), and the PCI-photosensitizer AlPcS2a was conjugated to the surface of the nanocomplex (ArgPEA-ss-HA(AP)). This nanocomplex was used for the co-delivery of both PCI-photosensitizers and therapeutic agents to eliminate the biodistribution discrepancy resulting from the separated administration of free therapeutics. The PCI effect of the ArgPEA-ss-HA(AP) nanocomplex was validated in both monolayers and 3D spheroid models of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Synergism was detected between the PCI effect and doxorubicin-loaded nanocomplex in the inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, the ArgPEA-ss-HA(AP) nanocomplex also provided enhanced intratumoral penetration in 3D spheroids compared to free AlPcS2a. The in vivo results suggested that the conjugation of AlPCs2a in the nanocomplex enabled the consistent and preferential accumulation of both doxorubicin and AlPcS2a in tumor sites. A light-enhanced anti-tumor effect was observed for the doxorubicin-loaded nanocomplex at well-tolerable dosage. The ArgPEA-ss-HA(AP) nanocomplex, as a reduction-responsive delivery vehicle, can hold great potential to achieve spatio-temporally controllable anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ji
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA.
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Shuo Shan
- Biomedical Engineering Field. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA
| | - Chih-Chang Chu
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA. and Biomedical Engineering Field. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA
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42
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Strategies in the design of endosomolytic agents for facilitating endosomal escape in nanoparticles. Biochimie 2019; 160:61-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Gaugaz FZ, Chicca A, Redondo-Horcajo M, Barasoain I, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Synthesis, Microtubule-Binding Affinity, and Antiproliferative Activity of New Epothilone Analogs and of an EGFR-Targeted Epothilone-Peptide Conjugate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1113. [PMID: 30841526 PMCID: PMC6429585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new simplified, epoxide-free epothilone analog was prepared incorporating an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzimidazole side chain, which binds to microtubules with high affinity and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro with nM potency. Building on this scaffold, a disulfide-linked conjugate with the purported EGFR-binding (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) peptide GE11 was then prepared. The conjugate retained significant microtubule-binding affinity, in spite of the size of the peptide attached to the benzimidazole side chain. The antiproliferative activity of the conjugate was significantly lower than for the parent scaffold and, surprisingly, was independent of the EGFR expression status of cells. Our data indicate that the disulfide-based conjugation with the GE11 peptide is not a viable approach for effective tumor-targeting of highly potent epothilones and probably not for other cytotoxics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Zdenka Gaugaz
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mariano Redondo-Horcajo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Barasoain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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44
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Disease-directed design of biodegradable polymers: Reactive oxygen species and pH-responsive micellar nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2666-2677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Pei Z, Chen C, Chen J, Cruz-Chuh JD, Delarosa R, Deng Y, Fourie-O’Donohue A, Figueroa I, Guo J, Jin W, Khojasteh SC, Kozak KR, Latifi B, Lee J, Li G, Lin E, Liu L, Lu J, Martin S, Ng C, Nguyen T, Ohri R, Lewis Phillips G, Pillow TH, Rowntree RK, Stagg NJ, Stokoe D, Ulufatu S, Verma VA, Wai J, Wang J, Xu K, Xu Z, Yao H, Yu SF, Zhang D, Dragovich PS. Exploration of Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-Dimers Containing Disulfide-Based Prodrugs as Payloads for Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3979-3996. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Pei
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chunjiao Chen
- WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Wuxi Apptec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | | | - Reginald Delarosa
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuzhong Deng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Isabel Figueroa
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Guo
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Weiwei Jin
- WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - S. Cyrus Khojasteh
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brandon Latifi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James Lee
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eva Lin
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Liling Liu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiawei Lu
- WuXi Biologics, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Scott Martin
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Trung Nguyen
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail Lewis Phillips
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicola J. Stagg
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Stokoe
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sheila Ulufatu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vishal A. Verma
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Wuxi Apptec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zijin Xu
- Wuxi Apptec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Wuxi Apptec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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46
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Cabral H, Miyata K, Osada K, Kataoka K. Block Copolymer Micelles in Nanomedicine Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6844-6892. [PMID: 29957926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are demonstrating high potential as nanomedicines capable of controlling the distribution and function of loaded bioactive agents in the body, effectively overcoming biological barriers, and various formulations are engaged in intensive preclinical and clinical testing. This Review focuses on polymeric micelles assembled through multimolecular interactions between block copolymers and the loaded drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids as translationable nanomedicines. The aspects involved in the design of successful micellar carriers are described in detail on the basis of the type of polymer/payload interaction, as well as the interplay of micelles with the biological interface, emphasizing on the chemistry and engineering of the block copolymers. By shaping these features, polymeric micelles have been propitious for delivering a wide range of therapeutics through effective sensing of targets in the body and adjustment of their properties in response to particular stimuli, modulating the activity of the loaded drugs at the targeted sites, even at the subcellular level. Finally, the future perspectives and imminent challenges for polymeric micelles as nanomedicines are discussed, anticipating to spur further innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan.,Policy Alternatives Research Institute , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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47
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Lee BC, Chalouni C, Doll S, Nalle SC, Darwish M, Tsai SP, Kozak KR, Del-Rosario G, Yu SF, Erickson H, Vandlen R. FRET Reagent Reveals the Intracellular Processing of Peptide-Linked Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2468-2477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Chul Lee
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cecile Chalouni
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sophia Doll
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sam C. Nalle
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martine Darwish
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Siao Ping Tsai
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Geoffrey Del-Rosario
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans Erickson
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard Vandlen
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78154-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sangtani A, Petryayeva E, Wu M, Susumu K, Oh E, Huston AL, Lasarte-Aragones G, Medintz IL, Algar WR, Delehanty JB. Intracellularly Actuated Quantum Dot–Peptide–Doxorubicin Nanobioconjugates for Controlled Drug Delivery via the Endocytic Pathway. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:136-148. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmeeta Sangtani
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eleonora Petryayeva
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Miao Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z1
| | | | - Eunkeu Oh
- KeyW Corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, United States
| | | | | | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z1
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Giustarini D, Colombo G, Garavaglia ML, Astori E, Portinaro NM, Reggiani F, Badalamenti S, Aloisi AM, Santucci A, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. Assessment of glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratio and S-glutathionylated proteins in human blood, solid tissues, and cultured cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:360-375. [PMID: 28807817 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the major non-protein thiol in humans and other mammals, which is present in millimolar concentrations within cells, but at much lower concentrations in the blood plasma. GSH and GSH-related enzymes act both to prevent oxidative damage and to detoxify electrophiles. Under oxidative stress, two GSH molecules become linked by a disulphide bridge to form glutathione disulphide (GSSG). Therefore, assessment of the GSH/GSSG ratio may provide an estimation of cellular redox metabolism. Current evidence resulting from studies in human blood, solid tissues, and cultured cells suggests that GSH also plays a prominent role in protein redox regulation via S -glutathionylation, i.e., the conjugation of GSH to reactive protein cysteine residues. A number of methodologies that enable quantitative analysis of GSH/GSSG ratio and S-glutathionylated proteins (PSSG), as well as identification and visualization of PSSG in tissue sections or cultured cells are currently available. Here, we have considered the main methodologies applied for GSH, GSSG and PSSG detection in biological samples. This review paper provides an up-to-date critical overview of the application of the most relevant analytical, morphological, and proteomics approaches to detect and analyse GSH, GSSG and PSSG in mammalian samples as well as discusses their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Astori
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Marcello Portinaro
- Clinica ortopedica e traumatologica, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Badalamenti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aloisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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