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Zheng J, Dooge HC, Valdivia HH, Alvarado FJ. Ablation of three major phospho-sites in RyR2 preserves the global adrenergic response but creates an arrhythmogenic substrate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602617. [PMID: 39026734 PMCID: PMC11257526 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) is one of the first substrates undergoing phosphorylation upon catecholaminergic stimulation. Yet, the role of RyR2 phosphorylation in the adrenergic response remains debated. To date, three residues in RyR2 are known to undergo phosphorylation upon adrenergic stimulation. We generated a model of RyR2 phospho-ablation of all three canonical phospho-sites (RyR2-S2031A/S2808A/S2814A, triple phospho-mutant, TPM) to elucidate the role of phosphorylation at these residues in the adrenergic response. Methods Cardiac structure and function, cellular Ca 2+ dynamics and electrophysiology, and RyR2 channel activity both under basal conditions and under isoproterenol (Iso) stimulation were systematically evaluated. We used echocardiography and electrocardiography in anesthetized mice, single-cell Ca 2+ imaging and whole-cell patch clamp in isolated adult cardiomyocytes, and biochemical assays. Results Iso stimulation produced normal chronotropic and inotropic responses in TPM mice as well as an increase in the global Ca 2+ transients in isolated cardiomyocytes. Functional studies revealed fewer Ca 2+ sparks in permeabilized TPM myocytes, and reduced RyR2-mediated Ca 2+ leak in intact myocytes under Iso stimulation, suggesting that the canonical sites may regulate RyR2-mediated Ca 2+ leak. TPM mice also displayed increased propensity for arrhythmia. TPM myocytes were prone to develop early afterdepolarizations (EADs), which were abolished by chelating intracellular Ca 2+ with EGTA, indicating that EADs require SR Ca 2+ release. EADs were also blocked by a low concentration of tetrodotoxin, further suggesting reactivation of the sodium current ( I Na ) as the underlying cause. Conclusion Phosphorylation of the three canonical residues on RyR2 may not be essential for the global adrenergic responses. However, these sites play a vital role in maintaining electrical stability during catecholamine stimulation by fine-tuning RyR2-mediated Ca 2+ leak. These findings underscore the importance of RyR2 phosphorylation and a finite diastolic Ca 2+ leak in maintaining electrical stability during catecholamine stimulation.
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Seitz A, Busch M, Kroemer J, Schneider A, Simon S, Jungmann A, Katus HA, Most P, Ritterhoff J. S100A1's single cysteine is an indispensable redox switch for the protection against diastolic calcium waves in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H000. [PMID: 38819384 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00634.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The EF-hand calcium (Ca2+) sensor protein S100A1 combines inotropic with antiarrhythmic potency in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Oxidative posttranslational modification (ox-PTM) of S100A1's conserved, single-cysteine residue (C85) via reactive nitrogen species (i.e., S-nitrosylation or S-glutathionylation) has been proposed to modulate conformational flexibility of intrinsically disordered sequence fragments and to increase the molecule's affinity toward Ca2+. Considering the unknown biological functional consequence, we aimed to determine the impact of the C85 moiety of S100A1 as a potential redox switch. We first uncovered that S100A1 is endogenously glutathionylated in the adult heart in vivo. To prevent glutathionylation of S100A1, we generated S100A1 variants that were unresponsive to ox-PTMs. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) and C85-deficient S100A1 protein variants in isolated CM demonstrated equal inotropic potency, as shown by equally augmented Ca2+ transient amplitudes under basal conditions and β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation. However, in contrast, ox-PTM defective S100A1 variants failed to protect against arrhythmogenic diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ waves and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) hypernitrosylation during βAR stimulation. Despite diastolic performance failure, C85-deficient S100A1 protein variants exerted similar Ca2+-dependent interaction with the RyR2 than WT-S100A1. Dissecting S100A1's molecular structure-function relationship, our data indicate for the first time that the conserved C85 residue potentially acts as a redox switch that is indispensable for S100A1's antiarrhythmic but not its inotropic potency in CMs. We, therefore, propose a model where C85's ox-PTM determines S100A1's ability to beneficially control diastolic but not systolic RyR2 activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY S100A1 is an emerging candidate for future gene-therapy treatment of human chronic heart failure. We aimed to study the significance of the conserved single-cysteine 85 (C85) residue in cardiomyocytes. We show that S100A1 is endogenously glutathionylated in the heart and demonstrate that this is dispensable to increase systolic Ca2+ transients, but indispensable for mediating S100A1's protection against sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ waves, which was dependent on the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) nitrosylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seitz
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Kroemer
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schneider
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Simon
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Informatics for Life consortium, Klaus Tschira Foundation, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Julia Ritterhoff
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Informatics for Life consortium, Klaus Tschira Foundation, Heidelberg, Germany
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Dubois M, Boulghobra D, Rochebloine G, Pallot F, Yehya M, Bornard I, Gayrard S, Coste F, Walther G, Meyer G, Gaillard JC, Armengaud J, Alpha-Bazin B, Reboul C. Hyperglycemia triggers RyR2-dependent alterations of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in response to cardiac ischemia-reperfusion: Key role of DRP1 activation. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103044. [PMID: 38266577 PMCID: PMC10835010 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia increases the heart sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion (IR), but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Mitochondrial dynamics (the processes that govern mitochondrial morphology and their interactions with other organelles, such as the reticulum), has emerged as a key factor in the heart vulnerability to IR. However, it is unknown whether mitochondrial dynamics contributes to hyperglycemia deleterious effect during IR. We hypothesized that (i) the higher heart vulnerability to IR in hyperglycemic conditions could be explained by hyperglycemia effect on the complex interplay between mitochondrial dynamics, Ca2+ homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; and (ii) the activation of DRP1, a key regulator of mitochondrial dynamics, could play a central role. Using transmission electron microscopy and proteomic analysis, we showed that the interactions between sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and mitochondrial fission were increased during IR in isolated rat hearts perfused with a hyperglycemic buffer compared with hearts perfused with a normoglycemic buffer. In isolated mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, hyperglycemia increased mitochondrial ROS production and Ca2+ uptake. This was associated with higher RyR2 instability. These results could contribute to explain the early mPTP activation in mitochondria from isolated hearts perfused with a hyperglycemic buffer and in hearts from streptozotocin-treated rats (to increase the blood glucose). DRP1 inhibition by Mdivi-1 during the hyperglycemic phase and before IR induction, normalized Ca2+ homeostasis, ROS production, mPTP activation, and reduced the heart sensitivity to IR in streptozotocin-treated rats. In conclusion, hyperglycemia-dependent DRP1 activation results in higher reticulum-mitochondria calcium exchange that contribute to the higher heart vulnerability to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Dubois
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | | | - Florian Pallot
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Marc Yehya
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Isabelle Bornard
- UR407 INRAE Pathologie Végétale, INRAE, 84140, Montfavet, France
| | | | - Florence Coste
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | | | - Gregory Meyer
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gaillard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Béatrice Alpha-Bazin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, 30200, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- LAPEC UPR-4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France.
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Gumede NAC, Khathi A. The Role of Pro-Opiomelanocortin Derivatives in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Myocardial Infarction: Possible Links with Prediabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:314. [PMID: 38397916 PMCID: PMC10887103 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major contributor to CVD-related mortality. T2DM is a risk factor for MI. Stress activates the HPA axis, SNS, and endogenous OPS. These POMC derivatives increase the blood glucose and cardiovascular response by inhibiting the PI3K/AkT insulin signaling pathway and increasing cardiac contraction. Opioids regulate the effect of the HPA axis and SNS and they are cardioprotective. The chronic activation of the stress response may lead to insulin resistance, cardiac dysfunction, and MI. Stress and T2DM, therefore, increase the risk of MI. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes. Studies have shown that prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of MI because of inflammation, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. The HPA axis is reported to be dysregulated in prediabetes. However, the SNS and the OPS have not been explored during prediabetes. The effect of prediabetes on POMC derivatives has yet to be fully explored and understood. The impact of stress and prediabetes on the cardiovascular response needs to be investigated. This study sought to review the potential impact of prediabetes on the POMC derivatives and pathways that could lead to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompumelelo Anna-Cletta Gumede
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa;
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5
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Joshi P, Estes S, DeMazumder D, Knollmann BC, Dey S. Ryanodine receptor 2 inhibition reduces dispersion of cardiac repolarization, improves contractile function, and prevents sudden arrhythmic death in failing hearts. eLife 2023; 12:RP88638. [PMID: 38078905 PMCID: PMC10712946 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) from ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) is a leading cause of death, but current therapies are limited. Despite extensive research on drugs targeting sarcolemmal ion channels, none have proven sufficiently effective for preventing SCD. Sarcoplasmic ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca2+ release channels, the downstream effectors of sarcolemmal ion channels, are underexplored in this context. Recent evidence implicates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidation and hyperactivity of RyR2s in the pathophysiology of SCD. We tested the hypothesis that RyR2 inhibition of failing arrhythmogenic hearts reduces sarcoplasmic Ca2+ leak and repolarization lability, mitigates VT/VF/SCD and improves contractile function. We used a guinea pig model that replicates key clinical aspects of human nonischemic HF, such as a prolonged QT interval, a high prevalence of spontaneous arrhythmic SCD, and profound Ca2+ leak via a hyperactive RyR2. HF animals were randomized to receive dantrolene (DS) or placebo in early or chronic HF. We assessed the incidence of VT/VF and SCD (primary outcome), ECG heart rate and QT variability, echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) structure and function, immunohistochemical LV fibrosis, and sarcoplasmic RyR2 oxidation. DS treatment prevented VT/VF and SCD by decreasing dispersion of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias. Compared to placebo, DS lowered resting heart rate, preserved chronotropic competency during transient β-adrenergic challenge, and improved heart rate variability and cardiac function. Inhibition of RyR2 hyperactivity with dantrolene mitigates the vicious cycle of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ leak-induced increases in diastolic Ca2+ and ROS-mediated RyR2 oxidation, thereby reducing repolarization lability and protecting against VT/VF/SCD. Moreover, the consequent increase in sarcoplasmic Ca2+ load improves contractile function. These potentially life-saving effects of RyR2 inhibition warrant further investigation, such as clinical studies of repurposing dantrolene as a potential new therapy for heart failure and/or SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Joshi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Shanea Estes
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Deeptankar DeMazumder
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health SystemPittsburghUnited States
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Swati Dey
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
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6
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Chakraborty P, Po SS, Yabluchanskiy A, Dasari TW. Protein kinase A: A potential marker of sympathovagal imbalance in heart failure. Life Sci 2023; 331:122069. [PMID: 37666387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of cardiac autonomic dysregulation by neuromodulation technologies is emerging as a new therapeutic modality of heart failure (HF). This recent progress has necessitated the identification of a biomarker for the quantification of sympathovagal balance, the potential target of 'neuromodulation' strategies. The currently available autonomic nervous system assessment parameters do not truly reflect the sympathovagal balance of the ventricle. Protein kinase A (PKA) is an intracellular enzyme that plays a major role in the pathophysiology of functional and structural ventricular remodeling in HF. Interestingly, sympathetic and parasympathetic activations exert reciprocal influence on the activity of PKA. The current review attempts to evaluate the potential concept and feasibility of using in vitro assessment of PKA activity as a marker of sympathovagal balance in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praloy Chakraborty
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sunny S Po
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tarun W Dasari
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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7
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Hu L, Liang M, Jiang Q, Jie Y, Chen L, Zhang F. Proteomic analysis of neonatal mouse hearts shows PKA functions as a cardiomyocyte replication regulator. Proteome Sci 2023; 21:16. [PMID: 37821903 PMCID: PMC10566114 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-023-00219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the adult mammalian heart to regenerate can save the cardiac muscle from a loss of function caused by injury. Cardiomyocyte regeneration is a key aspect of research for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The mouse heart shows temporary regeneration in the first week after birth; thus, the newborn mouse heart is an ideal model to study heart muscle regeneration. In this study, proteomic analysis was used to investigate the differences in protein expression in the hearts of neonatal mice at days 1 (P1 group), 4 (P4 group), and 7 (P7 group). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed changes in several groups of proteins, including the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. Moreover, it was found that PKA inhibitors and agonists regulated cardiomyocyte replication in neonatal mouse hearts. These findings suggest that PKA may be a target for the regulation of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youming Jie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Chen
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Sharma AK, Singh S, Bhat M, Gill K, Zaid M, Kumar S, Shakya A, Tantray J, Jose D, Gupta R, Yangzom T, Sharma RK, Sahu SK, Rathore G, Chandolia P, Singh M, Mishra A, Raj S, Gupta A, Agarwal M, Kifayat S, Gupta A, Gupta P, Vashist A, Vaibhav P, Kathuria N, Yadav V, Singh RP, Garg A. New drug discovery of cardiac anti-arrhythmic drugs: insights in animal models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16420. [PMID: 37775650 PMCID: PMC10541452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rhythm regulated by micro-macroscopic structures of heart. Pacemaker abnormalities or disruptions in electrical conduction, lead to arrhythmic disorders may be benign, typical, threatening, ultimately fatal, occurs in clinical practice, patients on digitalis, anaesthesia or acute myocardial infarction. Both traditional and genetic animal models are: In-vitro: Isolated ventricular Myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscles, Patch-Clamp Experiments, Porcine Atrial Myocytes, Guinea pig ventricular myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscle: action potential and refractory period, Langendorff technique, Arrhythmia by acetylcholine or potassium. Acquired arrhythmia disorders: Transverse Aortic Constriction, Myocardial Ischemia, Complete Heart Block and AV Node Ablation, Chronic Tachypacing, Inflammation, Metabolic and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia. In-Vivo: Chemically induced arrhythmia: Aconitine antagonism, Digoxin-induced arrhythmia, Strophanthin/ouabain-induced arrhythmia, Adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, and Calcium-induced arrhythmia. Electrically induced arrhythmia: Ventricular fibrillation electrical threshold, Arrhythmia through programmed electrical stimulation, sudden coronary death in dogs, Exercise ventricular fibrillation. Genetic Arrhythmia: Channelopathies, Calcium Release Deficiency Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Short QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome. Genetic with Structural Heart Disease: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atrial Fibrillation, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Atrioventricular Block, Preexcitation Syndrome. Arrhythmia in Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Both traditional and genetic, experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias' characteristics and significance help in development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India.
| | - Shivam Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mehvish Bhat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Kartik Gill
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohammad Zaid
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anjali Shakya
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Junaid Tantray
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Divyamol Jose
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Tsering Yangzom
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | | | - Gulshan Rathore
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Priyanka Chandolia
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Shobhit Raj
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sumaiya Kifayat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ankit Vashist
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Parth Vaibhav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Nancy Kathuria
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Vipin Yadav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Arun Garg
- MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India
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Joshi P, Estes S, DeMazumder D, Knollmann BC, Dey S. Ryanodine receptor 2 inhibition reduces dispersion of cardiac repolarization, improves contractile function and prevents sudden arrhythmic death in failing hearts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.29.526151. [PMID: 37662391 PMCID: PMC10473608 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.29.526151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Sudden cardiac death (SCD) from ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) are a leading cause of death, but current therapies are limited. Despite extensive research on drugs targeting sarcolemmal ion channels, none have proven sufficiently effective for preventing SCD. Sarcoplasmic ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca 2+ release channels, the downstream effectors of sarcolemmal ion channels, are underexplored in this context. Recent evidence implicates reactive oxygen species (ROS)- mediated oxidation and hyperactivity of RyR2s in the pathophysiology of SCD. Objective To test the hypothesis that RyR2 inhibition of failing arrhythmogenic hearts reduces sarcoplasmic Ca 2+ leak and repolarization lability, mitigates VT/VF/SCD and improves contractile function. Methods We used a guinea pig model that replicates key clinical aspects of human nonischemic HF, such as a prolonged QT interval, a high prevalence of spontaneous arrhythmic SCD, and profound Ca 2+ leak via a hyperactive RyR2. HF animals were randomized to receive dantrolene (DS) or placebo in early or chronic HF. We assessed the incidence of VT/VF and SCD (primary outcome), ECG heart rate and QT variability, echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) structure and function, immunohistochemical LV fibrosis, and sarcoplasmic RyR2 oxidation. Results DS treatment prevented VT/VF and SCD by decreasing dispersion of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias. Compared to placebo, DS lowered resting heart rate, preserved chronotropic competency during transient β-adrenergic challenge, and improved heart rate variability and cardiac function. Conclusion Inhibition of RyR2 hyperactivity with dantrolene mitigates the vicious cycle of sarcoplasmic Ca 2+ leak-induced increases in diastolic Ca 2+ and ROS-mediated RyR2 oxidation, thereby increasing repolarization lability and protecting against VT/VF/SCD. Moreover, the consequent increase in sarcoplasmic Ca 2+ load improves contractile function. These potentially life-saving effects of RyR2 inhibition warrant further investigation, such as clinical studies of repurposing dantrolene as a potential new therapy for heart failure and/or SCD.
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Walweel K, Beard N, van Helden DF, Laver DR. Dantrolene inhibition of ryanodine channels (RyR2) in artificial lipid bilayers depends on FKBP12.6. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213277. [PMID: 37279522 PMCID: PMC10244881 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dantrolene is a neutral hydantoin that is clinically used as a skeletal muscle relaxant to prevent overactivation of the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (RyR1) in response to volatile anesthetics. Dantrolene has aroused considerable recent interest as a lead compound for stabilizing calcium release due to overactive cardiac calcium release channels (RyR2) in heart failure. Previously, we found that dantrolene produces up to a 45% inhibition RyR2 with an IC50 of 160 nM, and that this inhibition requires the physiological association between RyR2 and CaM. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that dantrolene inhibition of RyR2 in the presence of CaM is modulated by RyR2 phosphorylation at S2808 and S2814. Phosphorylation was altered by incubations with either exogenous phosphatase (PP1) or kinases; PKA to phosphorylate S2808 or endogenous CaMKII to phosphorylate S2814. We found that PKA caused selective dissociation of FKBP12.6 from the RyR2 complex and a loss of dantrolene inhibition. Rapamycin-induced FKBP12.6 dissociation from RyR2 also resulted in the loss of dantrolene inhibition. Subsequent incubations of RyR2 with exogenous FKBP12.6 reinstated dantrolene inhibition. These findings indicate that the inhibitory action of dantrolene on RyR2 depends on RyR2 association with FKBP12.6 in addition to CaM as previously found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafa Walweel
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Nicole Beard
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Dirk F. van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Derek R. Laver
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, Australia
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11
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Schmeckpeper J, Kim K, George SA, Blackwell DJ, Brennan JA, Efimov IR, Knollmann BC. RyR2 inhibition with dantrolene is antiarrhythmic, prevents further pathological remodeling, and improves cardiac function in chronic ischemic heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 181:67-78. [PMID: 37285929 PMCID: PMC10526741 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic Ca2+ leak due to cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) hyperactivity has been widely documented in chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) and may contribute to ventricular tachycardia (VT) risk and progressive left-ventricular (LV) remodeling. Here we test the hypothesis that targeting RyR2 hyperactivity can suppress VT inducibility and progressive heart failure in CIHD by the RyR2 inhibitor dantrolene. METHODS AND RESULTS: CIHD was induced in C57BL/6 J mice by left coronary artery ligation. Four weeks later, mice were randomized to either acute or chronic (6 weeks via implanted osmotic pump) treatment with dantrolene or vehicle. VT inducibility was assessed by programmed stimulation in vivo and in isolated hearts. Electrical substrate remodeling was assessed by optical mapping. Ca2+ sparks and spontaneous Ca2+ releases were measured in isolated cardiomyocytes. Cardiac remodeling was quantified by histology and qRT-PCR. Cardiac function and contractility were measured using echocardiography. Compared to vehicle, acute dantrolene treatment reduced VT inducibility. Optical mapping demonstrated reentrant VT prevention by dantrolene, which normalized the shortened refractory period (VERP) and prolonged action potential duration (APD), preventing APD alternans. In single CIHD cardiomyocytes, dantrolene normalized RyR2 hyperactivity and prevented spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ release. Chronic dantrolene treatment not only reduced VT inducibility but also reduced peri-infarct fibrosis and prevented further progression of LV dysfunction in CIHD mice. CONCLUSIONS: RyR2 hyperactivity plays a mechanistic role for VT risk, post-infarct remodeling, and contractile dysfunction in CIHD mice. Our data provide proof of concept for the anti-arrhythmic and anti-remodeling efficacy of dantrolene in CIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sharon A George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Richardson SJ, Thekkedam CG, Casarotto MG, Beard NA, Dulhunty AF. FKBP12 binds to the cardiac ryanodine receptor with negative cooperativity: implications for heart muscle physiology in health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220169. [PMID: 37122219 PMCID: PMC10150220 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) release the Ca2+ from intracellular stores that is essential for cardiac myocyte contraction. The ion channel opening is tightly regulated by intracellular factors, including the FK506 binding proteins, FKBP12 and FKBP12.6. The impact of these proteins on RyR2 activity and cardiac contraction is debated, with often apparently contradictory experimental results, particularly for FKBP12. The isoform that regulates RyR2 has generally been considered to be FKBP12.6, despite the fact that FKBP12 is the major isoform associated with RyR2 in some species and is bound in similar proportions to FKBP12.6 in others, including sheep and humans. Here, we show time- and concentration-dependent effects of adding FKBP12 to RyR2 channels that were partly depleted of FKBP12/12.6 during isolation. The added FKBP12 displaced most remaining endogenous FKBP12/12.6. The results suggest that FKBP12 activates RyR2 with high affinity and inhibits RyR2 with lower affinity, consistent with a model of negative cooperativity in FKBP12 binding to each of the four subunits in the RyR tetramer. The easy dissociation of some FKBP12/12.6 could dynamically alter RyR2 activity in response to changes in in vivo regulatory factors, indicating a significant role for FKBP12/12.6 in Ca2+ signalling and cardiac function in healthy and diseased hearts. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Richardson
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - C G Thekkedam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - M G Casarotto
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - N A Beard
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - A F Dulhunty
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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13
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Abstract
This Review provides an update on ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and their role in human diseases of heart, muscle, and brain. Calcium (Ca2+) is a requisite second messenger in all living organisms. From C. elegans to mammals, Ca2+ is necessary for locomotion, bodily functions, and neural activity. However, too much of a good thing can be bad. Intracellular Ca2+ overload can result in loss of function and death. Intracellular Ca2+ release channels evolved to safely provide large, rapid Ca2+ signals without exposure to toxic extracellular Ca2+. RyRs are intracellular Ca2+ release channels present throughout the zoosphere. Over the past 35 years, our knowledge of RyRs has advanced to the level of atomic-resolution structures revealing their role in the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of human disorders of heart, muscle, and brain. Stress-induced RyR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ leak in the heart can promote heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. In skeletal muscle, RyR1 leak contributes to muscle weakness in inherited myopathies, to age-related loss of muscle function and cancer-associated muscle weakness, and to impaired muscle function in muscular dystrophies, including Duchenne. In the brain, leaky RyR channels contribute to cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, posttraumatic stress disorder, and Huntington's disease. Novel therapeutics targeting dysfunctional RyRs are showing promise.
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14
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Keefe JA, Moore OM, Ho KS, Wehrens XHT. Role of Ca 2+ in healthy and pathologic cardiac function: from normal excitation-contraction coupling to mutations that cause inherited arrhythmia. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:73-92. [PMID: 36214829 PMCID: PMC10122835 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are a key second messenger involved in the rhythmic excitation and contraction of cardiomyocytes throughout the heart. Proper function of Ca2+-handling proteins is required for healthy cardiac function, whereas disruption in any of these can cause cardiac arrhythmias. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of the roles of Ca2+-handling proteins and their regulators in healthy cardiac function and the mechanisms by which mutations in these proteins contribute to inherited arrhythmias. Major Ca2+ channels and Ca2+-sensitive regulatory proteins involved in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling are discussed, with special emphasis on the function of the RyR2 macromolecular complex. Inherited arrhythmia disorders including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome, and arrhythmogenic right-ventricular cardiomyopathy are discussed with particular emphasis on subtypes caused by mutations in Ca2+-handling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Keefe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Oliver M Moore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kevin S Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Neves JS, Vasques-Nóvoa F, Borges-Canha M, Leite AR, Sharma A, Carvalho D, Packer M, Zannad F, Leite-Moreira A, Ferreira JP. Risk of adverse events with liraglutide in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A post hoc analysis of the FIGHT trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:189-197. [PMID: 36082522 PMCID: PMC9742170 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To perform a post hoc analysis of the FIGHT trial, evaluating the effect of liraglutide (vs. placebo) on the totality of events in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). MATERIALS AND METHODS FIGHT was a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) that studied liraglutide versus placebo in 300 recently hospitalized patients with HFrEF followed for 180 days. The main outcome of the present analysis was total events of hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) or all-cause death. Secondary outcomes included total arrhythmic events and prespecified total events of interest (arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, worsening HF, cerebrovascular event, venous thromboembolism, lightheadedness, presyncope/syncope or worsening renal function). Treatment effect was evaluated with negative binomial regression. RESULTS Compared to placebo, there was a trend towards increased risk with liraglutide of total HF hospitalizations or all-cause deaths (96 vs. 143 events, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-2.04; P = 0.064) and total arrhythmias (21 vs. 39, IRR 1.76, 95% CI 0.92-3.37; P = 0.088). Total prespecified events of interest were increased with liraglutide compared to placebo (196 vs. 295, IRR 1.43, 95% CI 1.06-1.92; P = 0.018). The risk of HF hospitalizations or all-cause deaths with liraglutide was higher among patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III to IV (IRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.21-2.85) than in those in NYHA Class I to II (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.31-1.23; interaction P = 0.008), and among patients with diabetes (interaction P = 0.051). The risk of arrhythmic events was higher among those without an implanted cardiac device (interaction P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS In patients with HFrEF, liraglutide might increase the risk of cardiovascular adverse effects, an effect possibly driven by excess risk of arrhythmias and worsening HF events. As this was a post hoc analysis, these results should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating. Further RCTs must be conducted before drawing definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Sérgio Neves
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Borges-Canha
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Leite
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, DREAM-CV Lab, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Davide Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques, - Plurithématique 14-33, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre - Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d’Investigations Cliniques, - Plurithématique 14-33, and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
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16
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Liu M, Lv J, Pan Z, Wang D, Zhao L, Guo X. Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure and its therapeutic implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:945142. [PMID: 36093152 PMCID: PMC9448986 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.945142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP consumption in heart is very intensive to support muscle contraction and relaxation. Mitochondrion is the power plant of the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been believed as the primary mechanism responsible for the inability of energy generation and utilization in heart failure. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to calcium dysregulation, oxidative stress, proteotoxic insults and cardiomyocyte death. These elements interact with each other to form a vicious circle in failing heart. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of heart failure has attracted increasing attention. The complex signaling of mitochondrial quality control provides multiple targets for maintaining mitochondrial function. Design of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction holds promise for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaosen Liu
- Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialan Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liding Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Guo,
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17
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Lioncino M, Fusco A, Monda E, Colonna D, Sibilio M, Caiazza M, Magri D, Borrelli AC, D’Onofrio B, Mazzella ML, Colantuono R, Arienzo MR, Sarubbi B, Russo MG, Chello G, Limongelli G. Severe Lymphatic Disorder and Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia Treated with Trametinib in a Patient with Noonan Syndrome and SOS1 Mutation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091503. [PMID: 36140671 PMCID: PMC9498305 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a multisystemic disorder caused by germline mutations in the Ras/MAPK cascade, causing a broad spectrum of phenotypical abnormalities, including abnormal facies, developmental delay, bleeding diathesis, congenital heart disease (mainly pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), lymphatic disorders, and uro-genital abnormalities. Multifocal atrial tachycardia has been associated with NS, where it may occur independently of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Trametinib, a highly selective MEK1/2 inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of cancer, has been shown to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy in two RIT1-mutated newborns with NS and severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Severe lymphatic abnormalities may contribute to decreased pulmonary compliance in NS, and pulmonary lymphangiectasias should be included in the differential diagnosis of a newborn requiring prolonged oxygen administration. Herein we report the case of a pre-term newborn who was admitted to our unit for the occurrence of severe respiratory distress and subentrant MAT treated with trametinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lioncino
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Fusco
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Colonna
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Michelina Sibilio
- Department of Pediatrics, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Magri
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Barbara D’Onofrio
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mazzella
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Colantuono
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Berardo Sarubbi
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Russo
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, “L.Vanvitelli” University—Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chello
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81031 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College of London and St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- Correspondence:
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18
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Blackwell DJ, Schmeckpeper J, Knollmann BC. Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ Res 2022; 130:1926-1964. [PMID: 35679367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 10% to 15% of all deaths. Although most arrhythmias are due to acquired heart disease, inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies disproportionately affect children and young adults. Arrhythmogenesis is complex, involving anatomic structure, ion channels and regulatory proteins, and the interplay between cells in the conduction system, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and the immune system. Animal models of arrhythmia are powerful tools for studying not only molecular and cellular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis but also more complex mechanisms at the whole heart level, and for testing therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes basic and clinical arrhythmia mechanisms followed by an in-depth review of published animal models of genetic and acquired arrhythmia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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19
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Synchronizing systolic calcium release with azumolene in an experimental model. Heart Rhythm O2 2022; 3:568-576. [PMID: 36340488 PMCID: PMC9626747 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-defibrillation myocardial contractile dysfunction adversely affects the survival of patients after cardiac arrest. Attenuation of diastolic calcium (Ca2+) overload by stabilization of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is found to reduce refibrillation after long-duration ventricular fibrillation (LDVF). Objective In the present study, we explored the effects of RyR2 stabilization by azumolene on systolic Ca2+ release synchrony and myocardial contractility. Methods After completion of baseline optical mapping, Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were subjected to global ischemia followed by reperfusion with azumolene or deionized distilled water (vehicle). Following reperfusion, LDVF was induced with burst pacing. In the first series of experiments (n = 16), epicardial Ca2+ transient was analyzed for Ca2+ transient amplitude alternans and dispersion of Ca2+ transient amplitude alternans index (CAAI). In the second series of experiments following the same protocol (n = 12), ventricular contractility was assessed by measuring the left ventricular pressure. Results Ischemic LDVF led to greater CAAI (0.06 ± 0.02 at baseline vs 0.12 ± 0.02 post-LDVF, P < .01) and magnitude of dispersion of CAAI (0.04 ± 0.01 vs 0.09 ± 0.01, P < .01) in control hearts. In azumolene-treated hearts, no significant changes in CAAI (0.05 ± 0.01 vs 0.05 ± 0.01, P = .84) and dispersion of CAAI (0.04 ± 0.01 vs 0.04 ± 0.01, P = .99) were noted following ischemic LDVF. Ischemic LDVF was associated with reduction in left ventricular developed pressure (100% vs 36.8% ± 6.1%, P = .002) and dP/dtmax (100% vs 45.3% ± 6.5%, P = .003) in control hearts, but these reductions were mitigated (left ventricular developed pressure: 100% vs 74.0% ± 8.1%, P = .052, dP/dtmax: 100% vs 80.8% ± 7.9%, P = .09) in azumolene-treated hearts. Conclusion Treatment with azumolene is associated with improvement of systolic Ca2+ release synchrony and myocardial contractility following ischemic LDVF.
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20
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Melville Z, Dridi H, Yuan Q, Reiken S, Wronska A, Liu Y, Clarke OB, Marks AR. A drug and ATP binding site in type 1 ryanodine receptor. Structure 2022; 30:1025-1034.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Lu F, Ma Q, Xie W, Liou CL, Zhang D, Sweat ME, Jardin BD, Naya FJ, Guo Y, Cheng H, Pu WT. CMYA5 establishes cardiac dyad architecture and positioning. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2185. [PMID: 35449169 PMCID: PMC9023524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling requires dyads, the nanoscopic microdomains formed adjacent to Z-lines by apposition of transverse tubules and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. Disruption of dyad architecture and function are common features of diseased cardiomyocytes. However, little is known about the mechanisms that modulate dyad organization during cardiac development, homeostasis, and disease. Here, we use proximity proteomics in intact, living hearts to identify proteins enriched near dyads. Among these proteins is CMYA5, an under-studied striated muscle protein that co-localizes with Z-lines, junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins, and transverse tubules in mature cardiomyocytes. During cardiac development, CMYA5 positioning adjacent to Z-lines precedes junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum positioning or transverse tubule formation. CMYA5 ablation disrupts dyad architecture, dyad positioning at Z-lines, and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, leading to cardiac dysfunction and inability to tolerate pressure overload. These data provide mechanistic insights into cardiomyopathy pathogenesis by demonstrating that CMYA5 anchors junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum to Z-lines, establishes dyad architecture, and regulates dyad Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenjun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Carter L Liou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, 430062, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mason E Sweat
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Blake D Jardin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Naya
- Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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22
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Therapeutic Approaches of Ryanodine Receptor-Associated Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084435. [PMID: 35457253 PMCID: PMC9031589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the leading causes of death, with a growing number of cases worldwide, posing a challenge for both healthcare and research. Therefore, the most relevant aim of cardiac research is to unravel the molecular pathomechanisms and identify new therapeutic targets. Cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), the Ca2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, is believed to be a good therapeutic target in a group of certain heart diseases, collectively called cardiac ryanopathies. Ryanopathies are associated with the impaired function of the RyR, leading to heart diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia type 2 (ARVD2), and calcium release deficiency syndrome (CRDS). The aim of the current review is to provide a short insight into the pathological mechanisms of ryanopathies and discuss the pharmacological approaches targeting RyR2.
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23
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Regulation of cardiac ryanodine receptor function by the cyclic-GMP dependent protein kinase G. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:171-178. [PMID: 35356048 PMCID: PMC8958330 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) phosphorylates the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) in vitro. We aimed to determine whether modulation of endogenous PKG alters RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ release and whether this effect is linked to a change in RyR2 phosphorylation. Methods & Results: Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells with inducible RyR2 expression were treated with the cGMP analogue 8-Br-cGMP (100 μM) to activate endogenous PKG. In cells transfected with luminal Ca2+ sensor, D1ER, PKG activation significantly reduced the threshold for RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ release (93.9 ± 0.4% of store size with vehicle vs. 91.7 ± 0.8% with 8-Br-cGMP, P = 0.04). Mutation of the proposed PKG phosphorylation sites, S2808 and S2030, either individually or as a combination, prevented the decrease in Ca2+ release threshold induced by endogenous PKG activation. Interestingly, despite a functional dependence on expression of RyR2 phosphorylation sites, 8-Br-cGMP activation of PKG did not promote a detectable change in S2808 phosphorylation (P = 0.9). Paradoxically, pharmacological inhibition of PKG with KT 5823 (1 μM) also reduced the threshold for spontaneous Ca2+ release through RyR2 without affecting S2808 phosphorylation. Silencing RNA knockdown of endogenous PKG expression also had no quantifiable effect on RyR2 S2808 phosphorylation (P = 0.9). However, unlike PKG inhibition with KT 5823, PKG knockdown did not alter spontaneous Ca2+ release propensity or luminal Ca2+ handling. Conclusion In an intact cell model, activation of endogenous PKG reduces the threshold for RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca2+ release in a manner dependent on the RyR2 phosphorylation sites S2808 and S2030. This study clarifies the regulation of RyR2 Ca2+ release by endogenous PKG and functionally implicates the role of RyR2 phosphorylation. PKG regulation of RyR2 has been under-researched relative to other kinases. Endogenous PKG activation reduced the threshold for spontaneous RyR2 Ca2+ release. Regulation of RyR2 by PKG required expression of serine residues 2808 and 2030. Knockdown of PKG found minimal basal regulation of RyR2 by PKG.
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24
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Attachaipanich T, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Potential roles of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in attenuating cardiac arrhythmias in diabetes and heart failure. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2404-2419. [PMID: 35324001 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are antidiabetic drugs that have been shown to exert cardiovascular benefits. Their benefits including a reduction of cardiovascular events and worsening heart failure have been extended to nondiabetic patients with high-risk. Although both heart failure and diabetes are known to increase risk of cardiac arrhythmias, the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on arrhythmia reduction and their underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This review aims to summarize the current available evidence ranging from basic research to clinical reports regarding the potential benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors against cardiac arrhythmias. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies using various models including heart failure and diabetes are comprehensively summarized to examine the evidence of how SGLT-2 inhibitors affect cardiac action potential, cellular ion currents, calcium ion homeostasis, and cardiac mitochondrial function. Clinical reports investigating the association between SGLT-2 inhibitors and arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias are also comprehensively summarized. Valuable information obtained from this review can be used to encourage further clinical investigations to warrant the potential use of SGLT-2 inhibitors against cardiac arrhythmias in both diabetic and heart failure settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Attachaipanich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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25
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Liu J, Lian H, Yu J, Wu J, Chen X, wang P, tian L, Yang Y, Yang J, Li D, Guo S. Study on diverse pathological characteristics of heart failure in different stages based on proteomics. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1169-1182. [PMID: 35048506 PMCID: PMC8831959 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a process characterized by significant disturbance of protein turnover. To elucidate the alterations in cardiac protein expression during the various phases of heart failure and to understand the nature of the processes involved, we analysed the proteome in an established heart failure model at different time points to monitor thousands of different proteins simultaneously. Here, heart failure was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in KM mice. At 2, 4 and 12 weeks after operation, protein expression profiles were determined in sham‐operated (controls) and TAC mice, using label‐free quantitative proteomics, leading to identification and quantification of almost 4000 proteins. The results of the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and GO function annotation revealed critical pathways associated with the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure, such as energy pathways and matrix reorganization. Our study suggests that in the pathophysiology of heart failure, alterations of protein groups related to cardiac energy substrate metabolism and cytoskeleton remodelling could play the more dominant roles for the signalling that eventually results in contractile dysfunction and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengde Medical University Chengde Hebei Province China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Hongjian Lian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
- Alexa League Central Hospital Inner Mongolia China
| | - Jiang Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengde Medical University Chengde Hebei Province China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Youcare Pharmaceutical Group Drug Research Institute Beijing China
| | - Peng wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengde Medical University Chengde Hebei Province China
| | - Lei tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Beijing Qinglian Biotech Co., Ltd Beijing China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengde Medical University Chengde Hebei Province China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics Beijing Proteome Research Center National Center for Protein Sciences (PHOENIX Center) Beijing Institute of Lifeomics Beijing China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing China
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26
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Wang R, Wang M, Liu B, Xu H, Ye J, Sun X, Sun G. Calenduloside E protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induced calcium overload by enhancing autophagy and inhibiting L-type Ca 2+ channels through BAG3. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112432. [PMID: 34798472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calenduloside E (CE) is a saponin isolated from Aralia elata (Miq) Seem, which has anti-cardiovascular disease effects. This study aims to evaluate the anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) mechanisms of CE and regulation of BAG3 on calcium overload. We adopted siRNA to interfere with BAG3 expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and used adenovirus to interfere with BAG3 expression (Ad-BAG3) in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (PNRCMs) to clarify the role of BAG3 in mitigating MIRI by CE. The results showed that CE reduced calcium overload, and Ad-BAG3 had a significant regulatory effect on L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) but no effects on other calcium-related proteins. And BAG3 and LTCC were colocalized in myocardial tissue and BAG3 inhibited LTCC expression. Surprisingly, CE had no regulatory effect on LTCC mRNA, but CE promoted LTCC degradation through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway rather than the ubiquitination-protease pathway. Autophagy inhibitor played a negative regulation of cardiomyocyte contraction rhythm and field potential signals. Ad-BAG3 inhibited autophagy by regulating the expression of autophagy-related proteins and autophagy agonist treatment suppressed calcium overload. Therefore, CE promoted autophagy through BAG3, thereby regulating LTCC expression, inhibiting calcium overload, and ultimately reducing MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361015, Fujian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huibo Xu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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27
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Avula UMR, Dridi H, Chen BX, Yuan Q, Katchman AN, Reiken SR, Desai AD, Parsons S, Baksh H, Ma E, Dasrat P, Ji R, Lin Y, Sison C, Lederer WJ, Joca HC, Ward CW, Greiser M, Marks AR, Marx SO, Wan EY. Attenuating persistent sodium current-induced atrial myopathy and fibrillation by preventing mitochondrial oxidative stress. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e147371. [PMID: 34710060 PMCID: PMC8675199 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistically driven therapies for atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, are urgently needed, the development of which requires improved understanding of the cellular signaling pathways that facilitate the structural and electrophysiological remodeling that occurs in the atria. Similar to humans, increased persistent Na+ current leads to the development of an atrial myopathy and spontaneous and long-lasting episodes of AF in mice. How increased persistent Na+ current causes both structural and electrophysiological remodeling in the atria is unknown. We crossbred mice expressing human F1759A-NaV1.5 channels with mice expressing human mitochondrial catalase (mCAT). Increased expression of mCAT attenuated mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the structural remodeling that was induced by persistent F1759A-Na+ current. Despite the heterogeneously prolonged atrial action potential, which was unaffected by the reduction in ROS, the incidences of spontaneous AF, pacing-induced after-depolarizations, and AF were substantially reduced. Expression of mCAT markedly reduced persistent Na+ current-induced ryanodine receptor oxidation and dysfunction. In summary, increased persistent Na+ current in atrial cardiomyocytes, which is observed in patients with AF, induced atrial enlargement, fibrosis, mitochondrial dysmorphology, early after-depolarizations, and AF, all of which can be attenuated by resolving mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Clyde & Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bi-xing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Clyde & Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Steven R. Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Clyde & Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Haajra Baksh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elaine Ma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Ruiping Ji
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yejun Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and Department of Physiology and
| | - Humberto C. Joca
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and Department of Physiology and
| | - Christopher W. Ward
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and Department of Physiology and
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maura Greiser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and Department of Physiology and
| | - Andrew R. Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and Clyde & Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven O. Marx
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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28
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Benitah JP, Perrier R, Mercadier JJ, Pereira L, Gómez AM. RyR2 and Calcium Release in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:734210. [PMID: 34690808 PMCID: PMC8533677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.734210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) is defined as the inability of the heart to efficiently pump out enough blood to maintain the body's needs, first at exercise and then also at rest. Alterations in Ca2+ handling contributes to the diminished contraction and relaxation of the failing heart. While most Ca2+ handling protein expression and/or function has been shown to be altered in many models of experimental HF, in this review, we focus in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel, the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2). Various modifications of this channel inducing alterations in its function have been reported. The first was the fact that RyR2 is less responsive to activation by Ca2+ entry through the L-Type calcium channel, which is the functional result of an ultrastructural remodeling of the ventricular cardiomyocyte, with fewer and disorganized transverse (T) tubules. HF is associated with an elevated sympathetic tone and in an oxidant environment. In this line, enhanced RyR2 phosphorylation and oxidation have been shown in human and experimental HF. After several controversies, it is now generally accepted that phosphorylation of RyR2 at the Calmodulin Kinase II site (S2814) is involved in both the depressed contractile function and the enhanced arrhythmic susceptibility of the failing heart. Diminished expression of the FK506 binding protein, FKBP12.6, may also contribute. While these alterations have been mostly studied in the left ventricle of HF with reduced ejection fraction, recent studies are looking at HF with preserved ejection fraction. Moreover, alterations in the RyR2 in HF may also contribute to supraventricular defects associated with HF such as sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana M. Gómez
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology—UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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29
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Durak A, Akkus E, Canpolat AG, Tuncay E, Corapcioglu D, Turan B. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment of high carbohydrate intake-induced metabolic syndrome provides pleiotropic effects on cardiac dysfunction through alleviations in electrical and intracellular Ca 2+ abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:46-59. [PMID: 34519087 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists on the heart have been recognised in obese or diabetic patients. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of these agonists in cardioprotective actions under metabolic disturbances. We evaluated the effects of GLP-1R agonist liraglutide treatment on left ventricular cardiomyocytes from high-carbohydrate induced metabolic syndrome rats (MetS rats), characterised with insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction with a long-QT. Liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg for 4 weeks) treatment of MetS rats significantly reversed long-QT, through a shortening the prolonged action potential duration and recovering inhibited K+ -currents. We also determined a significant recovery in the leaky sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and high cytosolic Ca2+ -level, which are confirmed with a full recovery in activated Na+ /Ca2+ -exchanger currents (INCX ). Moreover, the liraglutide treatment significantly reversed the depolarised mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased production of oxidant markers, and cellular acidification together with the depressed ATP production. Our light microscopy analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes showed marked recoveries in the liraglutide-treated MetS group such as marked reverses in highly dilated T-tubules and SR-mitochondria junctions. Moreover, we determined a significant increase in depressed GLUT4 protein level in liraglutide-treated MetS group, possibly associated with recovery in casein kinase 2α. Overall, the study demonstrated a molecular mechanism of liraglutide-induced cardioprotection in MetS rats, at most, via its pleiotropic effects, such as alleviation in the electrical abnormalities, Ca2+ -homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Durak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Akkus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asena Gokcay Canpolat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Corapcioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Guo W, Zhu C, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Wang C, Walk AS, Lin Y, McKinsey TA, Woulfe KC, Ren J, Chew HG. The ryanodine receptor stabilizer S107 ameliorates contractility of adult Rbm20 knockout rat cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15011. [PMID: 34523260 PMCID: PMC8440945 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) cardiomyopathy has been detected in approximately 3% of populations afflicted with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). It is well conceived that RBM20 cardiomyopathy is provoked by titin isoform switching in combination with resting Ca2+ leaking. In this study, we characterized the cardiac function in Rbm20 knockout (KO) rats at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months of age and examined the effect of the ryanodine receptor stabilizer S107 on resting intracellular levels and cardiomyocyte contractile properties. Our results revealed that even though Rbm20 depletion promoted expression of larger titin isoform and reduced myocardial stiffness in young rats (3 months of age), the established DCM phenotype required more time to embellish. S107 restored elevated intracellular Ca2+ to normal levels and ameliorated cardiomyocyte contractile properties in isolated cardiomyocytes from 6-month-old Rbm20 KO rats. However, S107 failed to preserve cardiac homeostasis in Rbm20 KO rats at 12 months of age, unexpectedly, likely due to the existence of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. Taken together, our data suggest the therapeutic promises of S107 in the management of RBM20 cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Chaoqun Zhu
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia95616USA
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical University15 Changle West RoadXi'anShanxiChina
| | - Yanghai Zhang
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Animal and Dairy SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Ying‐Hsi Lin
- Division of Cardiology, and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & TranslationDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & TranslationDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Kathleen C. Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & TranslationDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Jun Ren
- School of PharmacyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Herbert G. Chew
- Department of BiologyWestern Wyoming CollegeRock SpringsWyomingUSA
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31
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Arnsten AFT, Datta D, Wang M. The genie in the bottle-magnified calcium signaling in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3684-3700. [PMID: 33319854 PMCID: PMC8203737 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the association cortices are particularly vulnerable in cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, while those in primary visual cortex remain relatively resilient. This review proposes that the special molecular mechanisms needed for higher cognitive operations confer vulnerability to dysfunction, atrophy, and neurodegeneration when regulation is lost due to genetic and/or environmental insults. Accumulating data suggest that higher cortical circuits rely on magnified levels of calcium (from NMDAR, calcium channels, and/or internal release from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum) near the postsynaptic density to promote the persistent firing needed to maintain, manipulate, and store information without "bottom-up" sensory stimulation. For example, dendritic spines in the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) express the molecular machinery for feedforward, cAMP-PKA-calcium signaling. PKA can drive internal calcium release and promote calcium flow through NMDAR and calcium channels, while in turn, calcium activates adenylyl cyclases to produce more cAMP-PKA signaling. Excessive levels of cAMP-calcium signaling can have a number of detrimental effects: for example, opening nearby K+ channels to weaken synaptic efficacy and reduce neuronal firing, and over a longer timeframe, driving calcium overload of mitochondria to induce inflammation and dendritic atrophy. Thus, calcium-cAMP signaling must be tightly regulated, e.g., by agents that catabolize cAMP or inhibit its production (PDE4, mGluR3), and by proteins that bind calcium in the cytosol (calbindin). Many genetic or inflammatory insults early in life weaken the regulation of calcium-cAMP signaling and are associated with increased risk of schizophrenia (e.g., GRM3). Age-related loss of regulatory proteins which result in elevated calcium-cAMP signaling over a long lifespan can additionally drive tau phosphorylation, amyloid pathology, and neurodegeneration, especially when protective calcium binding proteins are lost from the cytosol. Thus, the "genie" we need for our remarkable cognitive abilities may make us vulnerable to cognitive disorders when we lose essential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Val‐Blasco A, Gil‐Fernández M, Rueda A, Pereira L, Delgado C, Smani T, Ruiz Hurtado G, Fernández‐Velasco M. Ca 2+ mishandling in heart failure: Potential targets. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13691. [PMID: 34022101 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ mishandling is a common feature in several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF). In many cases, impairment of key players in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been identified as the underlying mechanism of cardiac dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias associated with HF. In this review, we summarize primary novel findings related to Ca2+ mishandling in HF progression. HF research has increasingly focused on the identification of new targets and the contribution of their role in Ca2+ handling to the progression of the disease. Recent research studies have identified potential targets in three major emerging areas implicated in regulation of Ca2+ handling: the innate immune system, bone metabolism factors and post-translational modification of key proteins involved in regulation of Ca2+ handling. Here, we describe their possible contributions to the progression of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angélica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV‐IPN) México City Mexico
| | - Laetitia Pereira
- INSERM UMR‐S 1180 Laboratory of Ca Signaling and Cardiovascular Physiopathology University Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols Madrid Spain
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics University of Seville Seville Spain
- Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Institute of Biomedicine of Seville University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory Institute of Research i+12 University Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
- CIBER‐CV University Hospita1 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Fernández‐Velasco
- La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
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33
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Complex functionality of protein phosphatase 1 isoforms in the heart. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110059. [PMID: 34062239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1(PP1) is a key regulator of cardiac function through dephosphorylating serine/threonine residues within target proteins to oppose the function of protein kinases. Studies from failing hearts of animal models and human patients have demonstrated significant increase of PP1 activity in myocardium, while elevated PP1 activity in transgenic mice leads to cardiac dysfunction, suggesting that PP1 might be a therapeutic target to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in failing hearts. In fact, cardiac overexpression of inhibitor 1, the endogenous inhibitor of PP1, increases cardiac contractility and suppresses heart failure progression. However, this notion of PP1 inhibition for heart failure treatment has been challenged by recent studies on the isoform-specific roles of PP1 in the heart. PP1 is a holoenzyme composed of catalytic subunits (PP1α, PP1β, or PP1γ) and regulatory proteins that target them to distinct subcellular locations for functional specificity. This review will summarize how PP1 regulates phosphorylation of some of the key cardiac proteins involved in Ca2+ handling and cardiac contraction, and the potential role of PP1 isoforms in controlling cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Datta D, Leslie SN, Wang M, Morozov YM, Yang S, Mentone S, Zeiss C, Duque A, Rakic P, Horvath TL, van Dyck CH, Nairn AC, Arnsten AFT. Age-related calcium dysregulation linked with tau pathology and impaired cognition in non-human primates. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:920-932. [PMID: 33829643 PMCID: PMC8195842 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The etiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires non‐genetically modified animal models. Methods The relationship of tau phosphorylation to calcium‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐protein kinase A (PKA) dysregulation was analyzed in aging rhesus macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and rat primary cortical neurons using biochemistry and immuno‐electron microscopy. The influence of calcium leak from ryanodine receptors (RyRs) on neuronal firing and cognitive performance was examined in aged macaques. Results Aged monkeys naturally develop hyperphosphorylated tau, including AD biomarkers (AT8 (pS202/pT205) and pT217) and early tau pathology markers (pS214 and pS356) that correlated with evidence of increased calcium leak (pS2808‐RyR2). Calcium also regulated early tau phosphorylation in vitro. Age‐related reductions in the calcium‐binding protein, calbindin, and in phosphodiesterase PDE4D were seen within dlPFC pyramidal cell dendrites. Blocking RyRs with S107 improved neuronal firing and cognitive performance in aged macaques. Discussion Dysregulated calcium signaling confers risk for tau pathology and provides a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadeep Datta
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shannon N Leslie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yury M Morozov
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - SueAnn Mentone
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher H van Dyck
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
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35
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Lemos FO, Bultynck G, Parys JB. A comprehensive overview of the complex world of the endo- and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-leak channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119020. [PMID: 33798602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inside cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms the largest Ca2+ store. Ca2+ is actively pumped by the SERCA pumps in the ER, where intraluminal Ca2+-binding proteins enable the accumulation of large amount of Ca2+. IP3 receptors and the ryanodine receptors mediate the release of Ca2+ in a controlled way, thereby evoking complex spatio-temporal signals in the cell. The steady state Ca2+ concentration in the ER of about 500 μM results from the balance between SERCA-mediated Ca2+ uptake and the passive leakage of Ca2+. The passive Ca2+ leak from the ER is often ignored, but can play an important physiological role, depending on the cellular context. Moreover, excessive Ca2+ leakage significantly lowers the amount of Ca2+ stored in the ER compared to normal conditions, thereby limiting the possibility to evoke Ca2+ signals and/or causing ER stress, leading to pathological consequences. The so-called Ca2+-leak channels responsible for Ca2+ leakage from the ER are however still not well understood, despite over 20 different proteins have been proposed to contribute to it. This review has the aim to critically evaluate the available evidence about the various channels potentially involved and to draw conclusions about their relative importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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36
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Pan Y, Xu L, Yang X, Chen M, Gao Y. The common characteristics and mutual effects of heart failure and atrial fibrillation: initiation, progression, and outcome of the two aging-related heart diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:837-847. [PMID: 33768377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are common chronic diseases noted in humans. AF and HF share several risk factors, such as age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. They can interact with each other, while both their morbidity and mortality have been considerably increased. And AF and HF often occur together, suggesting a strong association between the two. However, the underlying mechanism behind this association is not well understood. Among them, aging is the most significant common risk factor, which represents an aging heart and is characterized by fibrosis and decreased number of cardiomyocytes, known as senescence-related cardiac remodeling for both atria and ventricles. Finally, it is proposed that cardiac remodeling is the key link between AF and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Pan
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li Xu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mulei Chen
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Gao
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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37
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Dridi H, Wu W, Reiken SR, Ofer RM, Liu Y, Yuan Q, Sittenfeld L, Kushner J, Muchir A, Worman HJ, Marks AR. Ryanodine receptor remodeling in cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy caused by lamin A/C gene mutation. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3919-3934. [PMID: 33388782 PMCID: PMC7906753 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA), which encodes A-type lamins, cause several diseases called laminopathies, the most common of which is dilated cardiomyopathy with muscular dystrophy. The role of Ca2+ regulation in these diseases remain poorly understood. We now show biochemical remodeling of the ryanodine receptor (RyR)/intracellular Ca2+ release channel in heart samples from human subjects with LMNA mutations, including protein kinase A-catalyzed phosphorylation, oxidation and depletion of the stabilizing subunit calstabin. In the LmnaH222P/H222P murine model of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy caused by LMNA mutation, we demonstrate an age-dependent biochemical remodeling of RyR2 in the heart and RyR1 in skeletal muscle. This RyR remodeling is associated with heart and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Defective heart and muscle function are ameliorated by treatment with a novel Rycal small molecule drug (S107) that fixes 'leaky' RyRs. SMAD3 phosphorylation is increased in hearts and diaphragms of LmnaH222P/H222P mice, which enhances NADPH oxidase binding to RyR channels, contributing to their oxidation. There is also increased generalized protein oxidation, increased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation of RyRs and increased protein kinase A activity in these tissues. Our data show that RyR remodeling plays a role in cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle dysfunction caused by LMNA mutation and identify these Ca2+ channels as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven R Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel M Ofer
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leah Sittenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jared Kushner
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Stress-driven cardiac calcium mishandling via a kinase-to-kinase crosstalk. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:363-375. [PMID: 33590296 PMCID: PMC7940337 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis in the cardiomyocyte is critical to the regulation of normal cardiac function. Abnormal calcium dynamics such as altered uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase and increased diastolic SR calcium leak are involved in the development of maladaptive cardiac remodeling under pathological conditions. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-δ (CaMKIIδ) is a well-recognized key molecule in calcium dysregulation in cardiomyocytes. Elevated cellular stress is known as a common feature during pathological remodeling, and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is an important stress kinase that is activated in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stress stimuli. Our lab recently identified specific actions of JNK isoform 2 (JNK2) in CaMKIIδ expression, activation, and CaMKIIδ-dependent SR Ca2+ mishandling in the stressed heart. This review focuses on the current understanding of cardiac SR calcium handling under physiological and pathological conditions as well as the newly identified contribution of the stress kinase JNK2 in CaMKIIδ-dependent SR Ca2+ abnormal mishandling. The new findings identifying dual roles of JNK2 in CaMKIIδ expression and activation are also discussed in this review.
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39
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McCabe KJ, Rangamani P. Computational modeling approaches to cAMP/PKA signaling in cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:32-40. [PMID: 33548239 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP/PKA pathway is a fundamental regulator of excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. Activation of cAMP has a variety of downstream effects on cardiac function including enhanced contraction, accelerated relaxation, adaptive stress response, mitochondrial regulation, and gene transcription. Experimental advances have shed light on the compartmentation of cAMP and PKA, which allow for control over the varied targets of these second messengers and is disrupted in heart failure conditions. Computational modeling is an important tool for understanding the spatial and temporal complexities of this system. In this review article, we outline the advances in computational modeling that have allowed for deeper understanding of cAMP/PKA dynamics in the cardiomyocyte in health and disease, and explore new modeling frameworks that may bring us closer to a more complete understanding of this system. We outline various compartmental and spatial signaling models that have been used to understand how β-adrenergic signaling pathways function in a variety of simulation conditions. We also discuss newer subcellular models of cardiovascular function that may be used as templates for the next phase of computational study of cAMP and PKA in the heart, and outline open challenges which are important to consider in future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J McCabe
- Simula Research Laboratory, Department of Computational Physiology, PO Box 134, 1325 Lysaker, Norway.
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- University of California San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
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40
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Mechanisms underlying pathological Ca 2+ handling in diseases of the heart. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:331-347. [PMID: 33399957 PMCID: PMC10070045 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte contraction relies on precisely regulated intracellular Ca2+ signaling through various Ca2+ channels and transporters. In this article, we will review the physiological regulation of Ca2+ handling and its role in maintaining normal cardiac rhythm and contractility. We discuss how inherited variants or acquired defects in Ca2+ channel subunits contribute to the development or progression of diseases of the heart. Moreover, we highlight recent insights into the role of protein phosphatase subunits and striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG) in atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and cardiomyopathies. Finally, this review summarizes current drug therapies and new advances in genome editing as therapeutic strategies for the cardiac diseases caused by aberrant intracellular Ca2+ signaling.
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41
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Park SJ, Li C, Chen YM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis in Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:256-265. [PMID: 33245915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is a crucial determinant of cellular function and survival. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as the largest intracellular Ca2+ store that maintains Ca2+ homeostasis through the ER Ca2+ uptake pump, sarco/ER Ca2+ ATPase, ER Ca2+ release channels, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor channel, ryanodine receptor, and Ca2+-binding proteins inside of the ER lumen. Alterations in ER homeostasis trigger ER Ca2+ depletion and ER stress, which have been associated with the development of a variety of diseases. In addition, recent studies have highlighted the role of ER Ca2+ imbalance caused by dysfunction of sarco/ER Ca2+ ATPase, ryanodine receptor, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor channel in various kidney diseases. Despite progress in the understanding of the importance of these ER Ca2+ channels, pumps, and binding proteins in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, treatment is still lacking. This mini-review is focused on: i) Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER, ii) ER Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and apoptosis, and iii) altered ER Ca2+ homeostasis in kidney disease, including podocytopathy, diabetic nephropathy, albuminuria, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ji Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chuang Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ying Maggie Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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42
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Multisite phosphorylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor: a random or coordinated event? Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1793-1807. [PMID: 33078311 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins are phosphorylated at more than one phosphorylation site to achieve precise tuning of protein function and/or integrate a multitude of signals into the activity of one protein. Increasing the number of phosphorylation sites significantly broadens the complexity of molecular mechanisms involved in processing multiple phosphorylation sites by one or more distinct kinases. The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2) is a well-established multiple phospho-target of kinases activated in response to β-adrenergic stimulation because this Ca2+ channel is a critical component of Ca2+ handling machinery which is responsible for β-adrenergic enhancement of cardiac contractility. Our review presents a selective overview of the extensive, often conflicting, literature which focuses on identifying reliable lines of evidence to establish if multiple RYR2 phosphorylation is achieved randomly or in a specific sequence, and whether phosphorylation at individual sites is functionally specific and additive or similar and can therefore be substituted.
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43
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Campbell H, Aguilar-Sanchez Y, Quick AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT. SPEG: a key regulator of cardiac calcium homeostasis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:2175-2185. [PMID: 33067609 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis is essential for normal excitation-contraction coupling. Perturbations in cardiac Ca2+ handling through altered kinase activity has been implicated in altered cardiac contractility and arrhythmogenesis. Thus, a better understanding of cardiac Ca2+ handling regulation is vital for a better understanding of various human disease processes. 'Striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase' (SPEG) is a member of the myosin light chain kinase family that is key for normal cardiac function. Work within the last 5 years has revealed that SPEG has a crucial role in maintaining normal cardiac Ca2+ handling through maintenance of transverse tubule formation and phosphorylation of junctional membrane complex proteins. Additionally, SPEG has been causally impacted in human genetic diseases such as centronuclear myopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy as well as in common acquired cardiovascular disease such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Given the rapidly emerging role of SPEG as a key cardiac Ca2+ regulator, we here present this review in order to summarize recent findings regarding the mechanisms of SPEG regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in both physiology and human disease. A better understanding of the roles of SPEG will be important for a more complete comprehension of cardiac Ca2+ regulation in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Campbell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ann P Quick
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Dridi H, Kushnir A, Zalk R, Yuan Q, Melville Z, Marks AR. Reply to 'Mechanisms of ryanodine receptor 2 dysfunction in heart failure'. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:749-750. [PMID: 32901149 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kushnir
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ran Zalk
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zephan Melville
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Kilfoil PJ, Lotteau S, Zhang R, Yue X, Aynaszyan S, Solymani RE, Cingolani E, Marbán E, Goldhaber JI. Distinct features of calcium handling and β-adrenergic sensitivity in heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction. J Physiol 2020; 598:5091-5108. [PMID: 32829489 PMCID: PMC7693093 DOI: 10.1113/jp280425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Heart failure (HF), the leading cause of death in developed countries, occurs in the setting of reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Unlike HFrEF, there are no effective treatments for HFpEF, which accounts for ∼50% of heart failure. Abnormal intracellular calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes have major implications for contractility and rhythm, but compared to HFrEF, very little is known about calcium cycling in HFpEF. We used rat models of HFpEF and HFrEF to reveal distinct differences in intracellular calcium regulation and excitation‐contraction (EC) coupling. While HFrEF is characterized by defective EC coupling at baseline, HFpEF exhibits enhanced coupling fidelity, further aggravated by a reduction in β‐adrenergic sensitivity. These differences in EC coupling and β‐adrenergic sensitivity may help explain why therapies that work in HFrEF are ineffective in HFpEF.
Abstract Heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (respectively, HFrEF and HFpEF) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Although numerous therapies improve outcomes in HFrEF, there are no effective treatments for HFpEF. We studied phenotypically verified rat models of HFrEF and HFpEF to compare excitation‐contraction (EC) coupling and protein expression in these two forms of heart failure. Dahl salt‐sensitive rats were fed a high‐salt diet (8% NaCl) from 7 weeks of age to induce HFpEF. Impaired diastolic relaxation and preserved ejection fraction were confirmed in each animal echocardiographically, and clinical signs of heart failure were documented. To generate HFrEF, Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats underwent permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation which, 8–10 weeks later, led to systolic dysfunction (verified echocardiographically) and clinical signs of heart failure. Calcium (Ca2+) transients were measured in isolated cardiomyocytes under field stimulation or patch clamp. Ultra‐high‐speed laser scanning confocal imaging captured Ca2+ sparks evoked by voltage steps. Western blotting and PCR were used to assay changes in EC coupling protein and RNA expression. Cardiomyocytes from rats with HFrEF exhibited impaired EC coupling, including decreased Ca2+ transient (CaT) amplitude and defective couplon recruitment, associated with transverse (t)‐tubule disruption. In stark contrast, HFpEF cardiomyocytes showed saturated EC coupling (increased ICa, high probability of couplon recruitment with greater Ca2+ release synchrony, increased CaT) and preserved t‐tubule integrity. β‐Adrenergic stimulation of HFpEF myocytes with isoprenaline (isoproterenol) failed to elicit robust increases in ICa or CaT and relaxation kinetics. Fundamental differences in EC coupling distinguish HFrEF from HFpEF. Heart failure (HF), the leading cause of death in developed countries, occurs in the setting of reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Unlike HFrEF, there are no effective treatments for HFpEF, which accounts for ∼50% of heart failure. Abnormal intracellular calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes have major implications for contractility and rhythm, but compared to HFrEF, very little is known about calcium cycling in HFpEF. We used rat models of HFpEF and HFrEF to reveal distinct differences in intracellular calcium regulation and excitation‐contraction (EC) coupling. While HFrEF is characterized by defective EC coupling at baseline, HFpEF exhibits enhanced coupling fidelity, further aggravated by a reduction in β‐adrenergic sensitivity. These differences in EC coupling and β‐adrenergic sensitivity may help explain why therapies that work in HFrEF are ineffective in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Kilfoil
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sabine Lotteau
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Stephan Aynaszyan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan E Solymani
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eugenio Cingolani
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua I Goldhaber
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Njegic A, Wilson C, Cartwright EJ. Targeting Ca 2 + Handling Proteins for the Treatment of Heart Failure and Arrhythmias. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 33013458 PMCID: PMC7498719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the heart, such as heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, are a growing socio-economic burden. Calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation is key hallmark of the failing myocardium and has long been touted as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the heart, Ca2+ is essential for maintaining normal cardiac function through the generation of the cardiac action potential and its involvement in excitation contraction coupling. As such, the proteins which regulate Ca2+ cycling and signaling play a vital role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. Changes to the expression levels and function of Ca2+-channels, pumps and associated intracellular handling proteins contribute to altered Ca2+ homeostasis in CVD. The remodeling of Ca2+-handling proteins therefore results in impaired Ca2+ cycling, Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and reduced Ca2+ clearance, all of which contributes to increased intracellular Ca2+. Currently, approved treatments for targeting Ca2+ handling dysfunction in CVD are focused on Ca2+ channel blockers. However, whilst Ca2+ channel blockers have been successful in the treatment of some arrhythmic disorders, they are not universally prescribed to heart failure patients owing to their ability to depress cardiac function. Despite the progress in CVD treatments, there remains a clear need for novel therapeutic approaches which are able to reverse pathophysiology associated with heart failure and arrhythmias. Given that heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are closely associated with altered Ca2+ homeostasis, this review will address the molecular changes to proteins associated with both Ca2+-handling and -signaling; their potential as novel therapeutic targets will be discussed in the context of pre-clinical and, where available, clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Njegic
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Dashwood A, Cheesman E, Beard N, Haqqani H, Wong YW, Molenaar P. Understanding How Phosphorylation and Redox Modifications Regulate Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 Activity to Produce an Arrhythmogenic Phenotype in Advanced Heart Failure. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:563-582. [PMID: 32832863 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic with significant mortality and morbidity. Despite current medications, 50% of individuals die within 5 years of diagnosis. Of these deaths, 30-50% will be a result of sudden cardiac death from ventricular arrhythmias. This review discusses two stress-induced mechanisms, phosphorylation from chronic β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) stimulation and thiol modifications from oxidative stress, and how they modulate the cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and foster an arrhythmogenic phenotype. Calcium (Ca2+) is the ubiquitous secondary messenger of excitation-contraction coupling and provides a common pathway for contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia genesis. In a healthy heart, Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by RyR2. The open probability of RyR2 is under the dynamic influence of co-proteins, ions, and kinases that are in strict balance to ensure normal physiological functioning. In HF, chronic β-AR activity and production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species provide two stress-induced mechanisms uncoupling RyR2 control, resulting in pathological diastolic SR Ca2+ leak. This increased cytosolic [Ca2+] promotes Ca2+ extrusion via the local Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, resulting in net sarcolemmal depolarization, delayed after depolarization and ventricular arrhythmia. Experimental models researching oxidative stress and phosphorylation have aimed to identify how post-translational modifications to the RyR2 macromolecular complex, and the associated Na+/Ca2+ cycling proteins, result in pathological Ca2+ handling and diastolic leak. However, the causative molecular changes remain controversial and undefined. Through understanding the molecular mechanisms that produce an arrhythmic phenotype, novel therapeutic targets to treat HF and prevent its malignant course can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dashwood
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Cheesman
- Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Nicole Beard
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Haris Haqqani
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Yee Weng Wong
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
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Bai J, Xue N, Lawal O, Nyati A, Santos‐Sacchi J, Navaratnam D. Calcium-induced calcium release in proximity to hair cell BK channels revealed by PKA activation. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14449. [PMID: 32748549 PMCID: PMC7399380 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels play a critical role in electrical resonance, a mechanism of frequency selectivity in chicken hair cells. We determine that BK currents are dependent on inward flow of Ca2+ , and intracellular buffering of Ca2+ . Entry of Ca2+ is further amplified locally by calcium-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) in close proximity to plasma membrane BK channels. Ca2+ imaging reveals peripheral clusters of high concentrations of Ca2+ that are suprathreshold to that needed to activate BK channels. Protein kinase A (PKA) activation increases the size of BK currents likely by recruiting more BK channels due to spatial spread of high Ca2+ concentrations in turn from increasing CICR. STORM imaging confirms the presence of nanodomains with ryanodine and IP3 receptors in close proximity to the Slo subunit of BK channels. Together, these data require a rethinking of how electrical resonance is brought about and suggest effects of CICR in synaptic release. Both genders were included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐ping Bai
- Department of NeurologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Na Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Omolara Lawal
- Department of NeurologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Anda Nyati
- Undergraduate ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Joseph Santos‐Sacchi
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of Cell and Molecular PhysiologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Dhasakumar Navaratnam
- Department of NeurologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
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