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Stepanchick E, Wilson A, Sulentic AM, Choi K, Hueneman K, Starczynowski DT, Chlon TM. DDX41 haploinsufficiency causes inefficient hematopoiesis under stress and cooperates with p53 mutations to cause hematologic malignancy. Leukemia 2024:10.1038/s41375-024-02304-9. [PMID: 38937548 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Germline heterozygous mutations in DDX41 predispose individuals to hematologic malignancies in adulthood. Most of these DDX41 mutations result in a truncated protein, leading to loss of protein function. To investigate the impact of these mutations on hematopoiesis, we generated mice with hematopoietic-specific knockout of one Ddx41 allele. Under normal steady-state conditions, there was minimal effect on lifelong hematopoiesis, resulting in a mild yet persistent reduction in red blood cell counts. However, stress induced by transplantation of the Ddx41+/- BM resulted in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) defects and onset of hematopoietic failure upon aging. Transcriptomic analysis of HSPC subsets from the transplanted BM revealed activation of cellular stress responses, including upregulation of p53 target genes in erythroid progenitors. To understand how the loss of p53 affects the phenotype of Ddx41+/- HSPCs, we generated mice with combined Ddx41 and Trp53 heterozygous deletions. The reduction in p53 expression rescued the fitness defects in HSPC caused by Ddx41 heterozygosity. However, the combined Ddx41 and Trp53 mutant mice were prone to developing hematologic malignancies that resemble human myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. In conclusion, DDX41 heterozygosity causes dysregulation of the response to hematopoietic stress, which increases the risk of transformation with a p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stepanchick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Analise M Sulentic
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Hueneman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Timothy M Chlon
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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2
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Nai A, Cordero-Sanchez C, Tanzi E, Pagani A, Silvestri L, Di Modica SM. Cellular and animal models for the investigation of β-thalassemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 104:102761. [PMID: 37271682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is a genetic form of anemia due to mutations in the β-globin gene, that leads to ineffective and extramedullary erythropoiesis, abnormal red blood cells and secondary iron-overload. The severity of the disease ranges from mild to lethal anemia based on the residual levels of globins production. Despite being a monogenic disorder, the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia is multifactorial, with different players contributing to the severity of anemia and secondary complications. As a result, the identification of effective therapeutic strategies is complex, and the treatment of patients is still suboptimal. For these reasons, several models have been developed in the last decades to provide experimental tools for the study of the disease, including erythroid cell lines, cultures of primary erythroid cells and transgenic animals. Years of research enabled the optimization of these models and led to decipher the mechanisms responsible for globins deregulation and ineffective erythropoiesis in thalassemia, to unravel the role of iron homeostasis in the disease and to identify and validate novel therapeutic targets and agents. Examples of successful outcomes of these analyses include iron restricting agents, currently tested in the clinics, several gene therapy vectors, one of which was recently approved for the treatment of most severe patients, and a promising gene editing strategy, that has been shown to be effective in a clinical trial. This review provides an overview of the available models, discusses pros and cons, and the key findings obtained from their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Nai
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy.
| | - Celia Cordero-Sanchez
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Tanzi
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Pagani
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Di Modica
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
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3
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Arsenic impairs the lineage commitment of hematopoietic progenitor cells through the attenuation of GATA-2 DNA binding activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 452:116193. [PMID: 35961411 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure produces significant hematotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Our previous work shows that arsenic (in the form of arsenite, AsIII) interacts with the zinc finger domains of GATA-1, inhibiting the function of this critical transcription factor, and resulting in the suppression of erythropoiesis. In addition to GATA-1, GATA-2 also plays a key role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. GATA-1 and GATA-2 have similar zinc finger domains (C4-type) that are structurally favorable for AsIII interactions. Taking this into consideration, we hypothesized that early stages of hematopoietic differentiation that are dependent on the function of GATA-2 may also be disrupted by AsIII exposure. We found that in vitro AsIII exposures disrupt the erythromegakaryocytic lineage commitment and differentiation of erythropoietin-stimulated primary mouse bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), producing an aberrant accumulation of cells in early stages of hematopoiesis and subsequent reduction of committed erythro-megakaryocyte progenitor cells. Arsenic significantly accumulated in the GATA-2 protein, causing the loss of zinc, and disruption of GATA-2 function, as measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation and the expression of GATA-2 responsive genes. Our results show that the attenuation of GATA-2 function is an important mechanism contributing to the aberrant lineage commitment and differentiation of early HPCs. Collectively, findings from the present study suggest that the AsIII-induced disruption of erythro-megakaryopoiesis may contribute to the onset and/or exacerbation of hematological disorders, such as anemia.
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4
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Jaako P, Faille A, Tan S, Wong CC, Escudero-Urquijo N, Castro-Hartmann P, Wright P, Hilcenko C, Adams DJ, Warren AJ. eIF6 rebinding dynamically couples ribosome maturation and translation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1562. [PMID: 35322020 PMCID: PMC8943182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is a cyclical process consisting of translation initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling. The release factors SBDS and EFL1—both mutated in the leukemia predisposition disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome — license entry of nascent 60S ribosomal subunits into active translation by evicting the anti-association factor eIF6 from the 60S intersubunit face. We find that in mammalian cells, eIF6 holds all free cytoplasmic 60S subunits in a translationally inactive state and that SBDS and EFL1 are the minimal components required to recycle these 60S subunits back into additional rounds of translation by evicting eIF6. Increasing the dose of eIF6 in mice in vivo impairs terminal erythropoiesis by sequestering post-termination 60S subunits in the cytoplasm, disrupting subunit joining and attenuating global protein synthesis. These data reveal that ribosome maturation and recycling are dynamically coupled by a mechanism that is disrupted in an inherited leukemia predisposition disorder. Jaako et al. discover a conserved tier of translational control that dynamically couples ribosome assembly and recycling. This mechanism is corrupted in an inherited bone marrow failure disorder associated with an increased risk of blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Jaako
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Faille
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Shengjiang Tan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Chi C Wong
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Norberto Escudero-Urquijo
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Pablo Castro-Hartmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Penny Wright
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christine Hilcenko
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK. .,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK. .,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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5
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Medina S, Bolt AM, Zhou X, Wan G, Xu H, Lauer FT, Liu KJ, Burchiel SW. Arsenite and monomethylarsonous acid disrupt erythropoiesis through combined effects on differentiation and survival pathways in early erythroid progenitors. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:111-120. [PMID: 34274428 PMCID: PMC8487637 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Strong epidemiological evidence demonstrates an association between chronic arsenic exposure and anemia. We recently found that As+3 impairs erythropoiesis by disrupting the function of GATA-1; however the downstream pathways impacted by the loss of GATA-1 function have not been evaluated. Additionally, our previous findings indicate that the predominant arsenical in the bone marrow of mice exposed to As+3 in their drinking water for 30 days was MMA+3, but the impacts of this arsenical on erythorpoisis also remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to address these critical knowledge gaps by evaluating the comparative effects of arsenite (As+3) and the As+3 metabolite, monomethyarsonous acid (MMA+3) on two critical regulatory pathways that control the differentiation and survival of early erythroid progenitor cells. We found that 500 nM As+3 and 100 and 500 nM MMA+3 suppress erythropoiesis by impairing the differentiation of early stage erythroid progenitors. The suppression of early erythroid progenitor cell development was attributed to combined effects on differentiation and survival pathways mediated by disruption of GATA-1 and STAT5. Our results show that As+3 primarily disrupted GATA-1 function; whereas, MMA+3 suppressed both GATA-1 and STAT5 activity. Collectively, these findings provide novel mechanistic insights into arsenic-induced dyserythropoiesis and suggest that MMA+3 may be more toxic than As+3 to early developing erythroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Medina
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; New Mexico Highlands University, Department of Biology, Las Vegas, NM, 87701, USA
| | - Alicia M Bolt
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Xixi Zhou
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Guanghua Wan
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Huan Xu
- East China University of Science and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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6
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Raundhal M, Ghosh S, Myers SA, Cuoco MS, Singer M, Carr SA, Waikar SS, Bonventre JV, Ritz J, Stone RM, Steensma DP, Regev A, Glimcher LH. Blockade of IL-22 signaling reverses erythroid dysfunction in stress-induced anemias. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:520-529. [PMID: 33753942 PMCID: PMC8026551 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) display severe anemia but the mechanisms underlying this phenotype are incompletely understood. Right open-reading-frame kinase 2 (RIOK2) encodes a protein kinase located at 5q15, a region frequently lost in patients with MDS del(5q). Here we show that hematopoietic cell-specific haploinsufficient deletion of Riok2 (Riok2f/+Vav1cre) led to reduced erythroid precursor frequency leading to anemia. Proteomic analysis of Riok2f/+Vav1cre erythroid precursors suggested immune system activation, and transcriptomic analysis revealed an increase in p53-dependent interleukin (IL)-22 in Riok2f/+Vav1cre CD4+ T cells (TH22). Further, we discovered that the IL-22 receptor, IL-22RA1, was unexpectedly present on erythroid precursors. Blockade of IL-22 signaling alleviated anemia not only in Riok2f/+Vav1cre mice but also in wild-type mice. Serum concentrations of IL-22 were increased in the subset of patients with del(5q) MDS as well as patients with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease. This work reveals a possible therapeutic opportunity for reversing many stress-induced anemias by targeting IL-22 signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia/blood
- Anemia/immunology
- Anemia/metabolism
- Anemia/prevention & control
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Microenvironment
- Disease Models, Animal
- Erythroid Cells/immunology
- Erythroid Cells/metabolism
- Erythropoiesis/drug effects
- Humans
- Interleukins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/immunology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Interleukin-22
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Raundhal
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shrestha Ghosh
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael S Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meromit Singer
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Renal Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laurie H Glimcher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Mei Y, Liu Y, Ji P. Understanding terminal erythropoiesis: An update on chromatin condensation, enucleation, and reticulocyte maturation. Blood Rev 2021; 46:100740. [PMID: 32798012 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of terminal erythropoiesis in mammals is extrusion of the highly condensed nucleus out of the cytoplasm. Other vertebrates, including fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds, undergo nuclear condensation but do not enucleate. Enucleation provides mammals evolutionary advantages by gaining extra space for hemoglobin and being more flexible to migrate through capillaries. Nascent reticulocytes further mature into red blood cells through membrane and proteome remodeling and organelle clearance. Over the past decade, novel molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways have been uncovered that play important roles in chromatin condensation, enucleation, and reticulocyte maturation. These advances not only increase understanding of the physiology of erythropoiesis, but also facilitate efforts in generating in vitro red blood cells for various translational application. In the present review, recent studies in epigenetic modification and release of histones during chromatin condensation are highlighted. New insights in enucleation, including protein sorting, vesicle trafficking, transcriptional regulation, noncoding RNA, cytoskeleton remodeling, erythroblastic islands, and cytokinesis, are summarized. Moreover, organelle clearance and proteolysis mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome degradation during reticulocytes maturation is also examined. Perspectives for future directions in this rapidly evolving research area are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Sheng Y, Ma R, Yu C, Wu Q, Zhang S, Paulsen K, Zhang J, Ni H, Huang Y, Zheng Y, Qian Z. Role of c-Myc haploinsufficiency in the maintenance of HSCs in mice. Blood 2021; 137:610-623. [PMID: 33538795 PMCID: PMC8215193 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the dosage effect of c-Myc on hematopoiesis and its distinct role in mediating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and bone marrow niche cells. c-Myc haploinsufficiency led to ineffective hematopoiesis by inhibiting HSC self-renewal and quiescence and by promoting apoptosis. We have identified Nr4a1, Nr4a2, and Jmjd3, which are critical for the maintenance of HSC functions, as previously unrecognized downstream targets of c-Myc in HSCs. c-Myc directly binds to the promoter regions of Nr4a1, Nr4a2, and Jmjd3 and regulates their expression. Our results revealed that Nr4a1 and Nr4a2 mediates the function of c-Myc in regulating HSC quiescence, whereas all 3 genes contribute to the function of c-Myc in the maintenance of HSC survival. Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) is a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We have provided the first evidence that Apc haploinsufficiency induces a blockage of erythroid lineage differentiation through promoting secretion of IL6 in bone marrow endothelial cells. We found that c-Myc haploinsufficiency failed to rescue defective function of Apc-deficient HSCs in vivo but it was sufficient to prevent the development of severe anemia in Apc-heterozygous mice and to significantly prolong the survival of those mice. Furthermore, we showed that c-Myc-mediated Apc loss induced IL6 secretion in endothelial cells, and c-Myc haploinsufficiency reversed the negative effect of Apc-deficient endothelial cells on erythroid cell differentiation. Our studies indicate that c-Myc has a context-dependent role in mediating the function of Apc in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sheng
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Medicine and
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chunjie Yu
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Medicine and
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Medicine and
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kimberly Paulsen
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Hongyu Ni
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Zhijian Qian
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Medicine and
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9
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Perron-Deshaies G, St-Louis P, Romero H, Scorza T. Impact of Erythropoietin Production by Erythroblastic Island Macrophages on Homeostatic Murine Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238930. [PMID: 33255601 PMCID: PMC7728051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an essential hormone for erythropoiesis, protecting differentiating erythroblasts against apoptosis. EPO has been largely studied in stress or pathological conditions but its regulatory role in steady state erythropoiesis has been less documented. Herein, we report production of EPO by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro, and its further enhancement in BMDM conditioned with media from apoptotic cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed EPO production in erythroblastic island (EBI)-associated macrophages, and analysis of mice depleted of EBI macrophages by clodronate liposomes revealed drops in EPO levels in bone marrow (BM) cell lysates, and decreased percentages of EPO-responsive erythroblasts in the BM. We hypothesize that EBI macrophages are an in-situ source of EPO and sustain basal erythropoiesis in part through its secretion. To study this hypothesis, mice were injected with clodronate liposomes and were supplied with exogenous EPO (1-10 IU/mouse) to evaluate potential rescue of the deficiency in erythroid cells. Our results show that at doses of 5 and 10 IU, EPO significantly rescues BM steady state erythropoiesis in mice deficient of macrophages. We propose existence of a mechanism by which EBI macrophages secrete EPO in response to apoptotic erythroblasts, which is in turn controlled by the numbers of erythroid precursors generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genève Perron-Deshaies
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (G.P.-D.); (P.S.-L.); (H.R.)
| | - Philippe St-Louis
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (G.P.-D.); (P.S.-L.); (H.R.)
| | - Hugo Romero
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (G.P.-D.); (P.S.-L.); (H.R.)
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Tatiana Scorza
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (G.P.-D.); (P.S.-L.); (H.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-9873000 (ext. 1918)
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10
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Inhibition of red blood cell development by arsenic-induced disruption of GATA-1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19055. [PMID: 33149232 PMCID: PMC7643154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a hematological disorder that adversely affects the health of millions of people worldwide. Although many variables influence the development and exacerbation of anemia, one major contributing factor is the impairment of erythropoiesis. Normal erythropoiesis is highly regulated by the zinc finger transcription factor GATA-1. Disruption of the zinc finger motifs in GATA-1, such as produced by germline mutations, compromises the function of this critical transcription factor and causes dyserythropoietic anemia. Herein, we utilize a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies to provide evidence that arsenic, a widespread environmental toxicant, inhibits erythropoiesis likely through replacing zinc within the zinc fingers of the critical transcription factor GATA-1. We found that arsenic interacts with the N- and C-terminal zinc finger motifs of GATA-1, causing zinc loss and inhibition of DNA and protein binding activities, leading to dyserythropoiesis and an imbalance of hematopoietic differentiation. For the first time, we show that exposures to a prevalent environmental contaminant compromises the function of a key regulatory factor in erythropoiesis, producing effects functionally similar to inherited GATA-1 mutations. These findings highlight a novel molecular mechanism by which arsenic exposure may cause anemia and provide critical insights into potential prevention and intervention for arsenic-related anemias.
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11
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Li C, Zhu F, Xu C, Xiao P, Wen J, Zhang X, Wu B. Dangguibuxue decoction abolishes abnormal accumulation of erythroid progenitor cells induced by melanoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112035. [PMID: 31226383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Dangguibuxue decoction (DGBX), is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that contains two types of materials used to treat anemia. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of DGBX on abolishing erythroid progenitor cell (Ter119+CD71+) accumulation induced by melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS B16/F10 melanoma cells were used to establish transplanted and metastatic melanoma models. DGBX or normal saline were administered intragastrically daily after the models were established. Tumor sizes and metastatic nodules were observed after tumor cell inoculation. To further test the function of DGBX on erythroid progenitor cell (EPC) accumulation and immunosuppressive abilities, the percentage of EPCs in the blood, and spleen were quantified with flow cytometry. The proportion of CD8+ T cells and related functional mediators, IFN-γ and TNF-α,were also quantified with flow cytometry. To further strengthen our in vivo observations, DGBX serum was prepared from the rats three days after DGBX was administered. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was carried out to control the quality of the experiments. B16/F10 melanomacells were cultured with DGBX serum, and proliferation and apoptosis were observed with the CCK8 assay and AnnexinV/7AAD staining, respectively. EPCs were isolated from B16/F10-bearing mice and cultured under erythroid differentiation conditions. EPCs were treated with DGBX serum, and mature red cell proportions and cell denucleations were tested with flow cytometry and Giemsa staining of the cultured EPCs. Flow cytometry and qPCR were used to analyze the effects of DGBX on the expression of key molecules involved in erythroid development and to explore the mechanism by which DGBX relieves abnormal EPC accumulation. RESULTS DGBX treatments significantly reduced B16 melanoma tumor sizes and metastatic nodules. Most importantly, our study strongly suggested that DGBX could alleviate anemia, and systematically enhance anti-tumor immune responses by reducing abnormal EPC accumulation. Moreover, DGBX serum treatments had no direct effect on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, but could promote EPCs to differentiate into mature red blood cells, in vitro. Mechanistically, at least in part, DGBX relieved abnormal EPC accumulation by altering the "master switch" transcription factors, Pu.1 and Gata-1. CONCLUSIONS DGBX significantly alleviates abnormal tumor-induced EPC accumulation, inhibits B16 melanoma progression, and enhances anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyin Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China; No.4 Clinical Medicine School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Fenglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China; No.4 Clinical Medicine School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Chong Xu
- No.4 Clinical Medicine School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China; Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junsong Wen
- No.4 Clinical Medicine School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China; No.4 Clinical Medicine School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
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12
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Inhibition of LSD1 by small molecule inhibitors stimulates fetal hemoglobin synthesis. Blood 2019; 133:2455-2459. [PMID: 30992270 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018892737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
The new strategy for chemical toxicity testing and modeling is to use in vitro human cell-based assays in conjunction with quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) technology, to identify molecular mechanisms and predict in vivo responses. Stem cells are more physiologically relevant than immortalized cell lines because of their unique proliferation and differentiation potentials. We established a robust two stem cells-two lineages assay system, encompassing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) along osteogenesis and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) along hepatogenesis. We performed qHTS phenotypic screening of LOPAC1280 and identified 38 preliminary hits for hMSCs. This was followed by validation of a selected number of hits and determination of their IC50 values and mechanistic studies of idarubicin and cantharidin treatments using proteomics and bioinformatics. In general, hiPSCs were more sensitive than hMSCs to chemicals, and differentiated progenies were less sensitive than their progenitors. We showed that chemical toxicity depends on both stem cell types and their differentiation stages. Proteomics identified and quantified over 3000 proteins for both stem cells. Bioinformatics identified apoptosis and G2/M as the top pathways conferring idarubicin toxicity. Our Omics-based assays of stem cells provide mechanistic insights into chemical toxicity and may help prioritize chemicals for in-depth toxicological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- Newomics Inc., Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Jinghua Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Han CR, Park S, Cheng SY. NCOR1 modulates erythroid disorders caused by mutations of thyroid hormone receptor α1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18080. [PMID: 29273766 PMCID: PMC5741760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor α (THRA) gene mutations, via dominant negative mode, cause erythroid abnormalities in patients. Using mice expressing a dominant negative TRα1 mutant (TRα1PV; Thra1PV/+ mice), we showed that TRα1PV acted directly to suppress the expression of key erythroid genes, causing erythroid defects. The nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) was reported to mediate the dominant negative effects of mutated TRα1. However, how NCOR1 could regulate TRα1 mutants in erythroid defects in vivo is not known. In the present study, we crossed Thra1PV/+ mice with mice expressing a mutant Ncor1 allele (NCOR1ΔID; Ncor1ΔID mice). TRα1PV mutant cannot bind to NCOR1ΔID. The expression of NCOR1ΔID ameliorated abnormalities in the peripheral blood indices, and corrected the defective differentiation potential of progenitors in the erythroid lineage. The defective terminal erythropoiesis of lineage-negative bone marrow cells of Thra1PV/+ mice was rescued by the expression of NCOR1ΔID. De-repression of key erythroid genes in Thra1PV/+Ncor1ΔID/ΔID mice led to partial rescue of terminal erythroid differentiation. These results indicate that the inability of TRα1PV to recruit NCOR1ΔID to form a repressor complex relieved the deleterious actions of TRα1 mutants in vivo. NCOR1 is a critical novel regulator underpining the pathogenesis of erythroid abnormalities caused by TRα1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sunmi Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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15
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Park S, Han CR, Park JW, Zhao L, Zhu X, Willingham M, Bodine DM, Cheng SY. Defective erythropoiesis caused by mutations of the thyroid hormone receptor α gene. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006991. [PMID: 28910278 PMCID: PMC5621702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with mutations of the THRA gene exhibit classical features of hypothyroidism, including erythroid disorders. We previously created a mutant mouse expressing a mutated TRα1 (denoted as PV; Thra1PV/+ mouse) that faithfully reproduces the classical hypothyroidism seen in patients. Using Thra1PV/+ mice, we explored how the TRα1PV mutant acted to cause abnormalities in erythropoiesis. Thra1PV/+ mice exhibited abnormal red blood cell indices similarly as reported for patients. The total bone marrow cells and erythrocytic progenitors were markedly reduced in the bone marrow of Thra1PV/+ mice. In vitro terminal differentiation assays showed a significant reduction of mature erythrocytes in Thra1PV/+ mice. In wild-type mice, the clonogenic potential of progenitors in the erythrocytic lineage was stimulated by thyroid hormone (T3), suggesting that T3 could directly accelerate the differentiation of progenitors to mature erythrocytes. Analysis of gene expression profiles showed that the key regulator of erythropoiesis, the Gata-1 gene, and its regulated genes, such as the Klf1, β-globin, dematin genes, CAII, band3 and eALAS genes, involved in the maturation of erythrocytes, was decreased in the bone marrow cells of Thra1PV/+ mice. We further elucidated that the Gata-1 gene was a T3-directly regulated gene and that TRα1PV could impair erythropoiesis via repression of the Gata-1 gene and its regulated genes. These results provide new insights into how TRα1 mutants acted to cause erythroid abnormalities in patients with mutations of the THRA gene. Importantly, the Thra1PV/+ mouse could serve as a preclinical mouse model to identify novel molecular targets for treatment of erythroid disorders. Patients with mutations of the THRA gene exhibit erythroid disorders. The molecular pathogenesis underlying erythroid abnormalities is poorly understood. In Thra1PV/+ mice expressing a dominant negative mutant TRα1PV, we found abnormal red blood cell indices similar to patients. Total bone marrow cells, the clonogenic potential of erythrocytic progenitors, and terminal differentiation of erythrocytes were markedly decreased in Thra1PV/+ mice. We elucidated that Gata-1, a key erythroid gene, was directly positively regulated by TRα1. The erythroid defects in Thra1PV/+ mice were due, at least partly, to the TRα1PV-mediated suppression of the Gata-1 gene and its down-stream target genes. Over-expression of Gata-1 rescued impaired terminal differentiation. Our studies elucidated molecular mechanisms by which TRα1 mutants caused erythroid disorders in patients. The present study suggests that therapies aimed at GATA1 could be tested as a potential target in treating erythroid abnormalities in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cho Rong Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeong Won Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark Willingham
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Bodine
- Hematopoiesis Section, National Human Geneome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Hvastkovs EG, Rusling JF. Modern Approaches to Chemical Toxicity Screening. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2017; 3:18-22. [PMID: 29250606 PMCID: PMC5729768 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical toxicity has a serious impact on public health, and toxicity failures of drug candidates drive up drug development costs. Many in vitro bioassays exist for toxicity screening, and newer versions of these tend to be high throughput or high content assays, some of which rely on electrochemical detection. Toxicity very often results from metabolites of the chemicals we are exposed to, so it is important that assays feature metabolic conversion. Combining bioassays, computational predictions, and accurate chemical pathway elucidation presents our best chance for reliable toxicity prediction. Employing electrochemical and electrochemiluminescent approaches, cell-free microfluidic arrays can measure relative rates of formation of DNA-metabolite adduct formation (a measure of genotoxicity) as well as DNA oxidation levels resulting from enzyme-generated metabolites. Enzymes for several organ types can be studied simultaneously. These arrays can be used to identify the most reactive metabolites, and subsequent mechanistic details can then be investigated with high throughput LC-HPLC using enzyme/DNA-coated magnetic beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland
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17
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Wu H, D'Alessandro A, Yegutkin GG, Song A, Sun K, Li J, Cheng NY, Huang A, Edward Wen Y, Weng TT, Luo F, Nemkov T, Sun H, Kellems RE, Karmouty-Quintana H, Hansen KC, Zhao B, Subudhi AW, Jameson-Van Houten S, Julian CG, Lovering AT, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR, Roach RC, Xia Y. Beneficial Role of Erythrocyte Adenosine A2B Receptor-Mediated AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in High-Altitude Hypoxia. Circulation 2016; 134:405-21. [PMID: 27482003 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High altitude is a challenging condition caused by insufficient oxygen supply. Inability to adjust to hypoxia may lead to pulmonary edema, stroke, cardiovascular dysfunction, and even death. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of adaptation to high altitude may reveal novel therapeutics to counteract the detrimental consequences of hypoxia. METHODS Using high-throughput, unbiased metabolomic profiling, we report that the metabolic pathway responsible for production of erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), a negative allosteric regulator of hemoglobin-O2 binding affinity, was significantly induced in 21 healthy humans within 2 hours of arrival at 5260 m and further increased after 16 days at 5260 m. RESULTS This finding led us to discover that plasma adenosine concentrations and soluble CD73 activity rapidly increased at high altitude and were associated with elevated erythrocyte 2,3-BPG levels and O2 releasing capacity. Mouse genetic studies demonstrated that elevated CD73 contributed to hypoxia-induced adenosine accumulation and that elevated adenosine-mediated erythrocyte A2B adenosine receptor activation was beneficial by inducing 2,3-BPG production and triggering O2 release to prevent multiple tissue hypoxia, inflammation, and pulmonary vascular leakage. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that erythrocyte AMP-activated protein kinase was activated in humans at high altitude and that AMP-activated protein kinase is a key protein functioning downstream of the A2B adenosine receptor, phosphorylating and activating BPG mutase and thus inducing 2,3-BPG production and O2 release from erythrocytes. Significantly, preclinical studies demonstrated that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase enhanced BPG mutase activation, 2,3-BPG production, and O2 release capacity in CD73-deficient mice, in erythrocyte-specific A2B adenosine receptor knockouts, and in wild-type mice and in turn reduced tissue hypoxia and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Together, human and mouse studies reveal novel mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and potential therapeutic approaches for counteracting hypoxia-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Yujin Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Hongyu Wu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Gennady G Yegutkin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Anren Song
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Kaiqi Sun
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Jessica Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Ning-Yuan Cheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Aji Huang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Yuan Edward Wen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Ting Ting Weng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Fayong Luo
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Travis Nemkov
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Hong Sun
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Bihong Zhao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Andrew W Subudhi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Sonja Jameson-Van Houten
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Colleen G Julian
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Andrew T Lovering
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Robert C Roach
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.)
| | - Yang Xia
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (H.L., Y.Z., H.W., A.S., K.S., J.L., N.-Y.C., A.H., Y.E.W., T.T.W., F.L., R.E.K., H.K.-Q., M.R.B., Y.X.), Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (H.L., K.S., R.E.K., M.R.B., Y.X.), and Department of Pathology (B.Z.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Departments of Otolaryngology (H.L., H.S.) and Nephrology (Y.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (A.D., T.N., K.C.H.); Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (G.G.Y.); Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine (A.W.S., S.J.-V.H., C.G.J., R.C.R.), and Organ Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology (H.K.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; and Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene (A.TL.).
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Abstract
Routine in vitro bioassays and animal toxicity studies of drug and environmental chemical candidates fail to reveal toxicity in ∼30% of cases. This Feature article addresses research on new approaches to in vitro toxicity testing as well as our own efforts to produce high-throughput genotoxicity arrays and LC-MS/MS approaches to reveal possible chemical pathways of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G. Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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19
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Rps14 haploinsufficiency causes a block in erythroid differentiation mediated by S100A8 and S100A9. Nat Med 2016; 22:288-97. [PMID: 26878232 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired erythropoiesis in the deletion 5q (del(5q)) subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been linked to heterozygous deletion of RPS14, which encodes the ribosomal protein small subunit 14. We generated mice with conditional inactivation of Rps14 and demonstrated an erythroid differentiation defect that is dependent on the tumor suppressor protein p53 (encoded by Trp53 in mice) and is characterized by apoptosis at the transition from polychromatic to orthochromatic erythroblasts. This defect resulted in age-dependent progressive anemia, megakaryocyte dysplasia and loss of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence. As assessed by quantitative proteomics, mutant erythroblasts expressed higher levels of proteins involved in innate immune signaling, notably the heterodimeric S100 calcium-binding proteins S100a8 and S100a9. S100a8--whose expression was increased in mutant erythroblasts, monocytes and macrophages--is functionally involved in the erythroid defect caused by the Rps14 deletion, as addition of recombinant S100a8 was sufficient to induce a differentiation defect in wild-type erythroid cells, and genetic inactivation of S100a8 expression rescued the erythroid differentiation defect of Rps14-haploinsufficient HSCs. Our data link Rps14 haploinsufficiency in del(5q) MDS to activation of the innate immune system and induction of S100A8-S100A9 expression, leading to a p53-dependent erythroid differentiation defect.
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Mei Y, Zhao B, Yang J, Gao J, Wickrema A, Wang D, Chen Y, Ji P. Ineffective erythropoiesis caused by binucleated late-stage erythroblasts in mDia2 hematopoietic specific knockout mice. Haematologica 2015; 101:e1-5. [PMID: 26471482 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.134221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amittha Wickrema
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dehua Wang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | - Yihua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Glutathione peroxidase 4 prevents necroptosis in mouse erythroid precursors. Blood 2015; 127:139-48. [PMID: 26463424 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-654194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining cellular redox balance is vital for cell survival and tissue homoeostasis because imbalanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may lead to oxidative stress and cell death. The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) is a key regulator of oxidative stress-induced cell death. We show that mice with deletion of Gpx4 in hematopoietic cells develop anemia and that Gpx4 is essential for preventing receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3)-dependent necroptosis in erythroid precursor cells. Absence of Gpx4 leads to functional inactivation of caspase 8 by glutathionylation, resulting in necroptosis, which occurs independently of tumor necrosis factor α activation. Although genetic ablation of Rip3 normalizes reticulocyte maturation and prevents anemia, ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation in Gpx4-deficient cells remain high. Our results demonstrate that ROS and lipid hydroperoxides function as not-yet-recognized unconventional upstream signaling activators of RIP3-dependent necroptosis.
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The LSD1 inhibitor RN-1 induces fetal hemoglobin synthesis and reduces disease pathology in sickle cell mice. Blood 2015; 126:386-96. [PMID: 26031919 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-626259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been shown to induce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in cultured human erythroid cells in vitro. Here we report the in vivo effects of LSD1 inactivation by a selective and more potent inhibitor, RN-1, in a sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse model. Compared with untreated animals, RN-1 administration leads to induced HbF synthesis and to increased frequencies of HbF-positive cells and mature erythrocytes, as well as fewer reticulocytes and sickle cells, in the peripheral blood of treated SCD mice. In keeping with these observations, histologic analyses of the liver and spleen of treated SCD mice verified that they do not exhibit the necrotic lesions that are usually associated with SCD. These data indicate that RN-1 can effectively induce HbF levels in red blood cells and reduce disease pathology in SCD mice, and may therefore offer new therapeutic possibilities for treating SCD.
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Compound loss of function of nuclear receptors Tr2 and Tr4 leads to induction of murine embryonic β-type globin genes. Blood 2015; 125:1477-87. [PMID: 25561507 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-605022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors TR2 and TR4 have been shown to play key roles in repressing the embryonic and fetal globin genes in erythroid cells. However, combined germline inactivation of Tr2 and Tr4 leads to periimplantation lethal demise in inbred mice. Hence, we have previously been unable to examine the consequences of their dual loss of function in adult definitive erythroid cells. To circumvent this issue, we generated conditional null mutants in both genes and performed gene inactivation in vitro in adult bone marrow cells. Compound Tr2/Tr4 loss of function led to induced expression of the embryonic εy and βh1 globins (murine counterparts of the human ε- and γ-globin genes). Additionally, TR2/TR4 function is required for terminal erythroid cell maturation. Loss of TR2/TR4 abolished their occupancy on the εy and βh1 gene promoters, and concurrently impaired co-occupancy by interacting corepressors. These data strongly support the hypothesis that the TR2/TR4 core complex is an adult stage-specific, gene-selective repressor of the embryonic globin genes. Detailed mechanistic understanding of the roles of TR2/TR4 and their cofactors in embryonic and fetal globin gene repression may ultimately enhance the discovery of novel therapeutic agents that can effectively inhibit their transcriptional activity and be safely applied to the treatment of β-globinopathies.
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24
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Ishikawa Y, Maeda M, Pasham M, Aguet F, Tacheva-Grigorova SK, Masuda T, Yi H, Lee SU, Xu J, Teruya-Feldstein J, Ericsson M, Mullally A, Heuser J, Kirchhausen T, Maeda T. Role of the clathrin adaptor PICALM in normal hematopoiesis and polycythemia vera pathophysiology. Haematologica 2014; 100:439-51. [PMID: 25552701 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is an essential cellular process shared by all cell types. Despite this, precisely how endocytosis is regulated in a cell-type-specific manner and how this key pathway functions physiologically or pathophysiologically remain largely unknown. PICALM, which encodes the clathrin adaptor protein PICALM, was originally identified as a component of the CALM/AF10 leukemia oncogene. Here we show, by employing a series of conditional Picalm knockout mice, that PICALM critically regulates transferrin uptake in erythroid cells by functioning as a cell-type-specific regulator of transferrin receptor endocytosis. While transferrin receptor is essential for the development of all hematopoietic lineages, Picalm was dispensable for myeloid and B-lymphoid development. Furthermore, global Picalm inactivation in adult mice did not cause gross defects in mouse fitness, except for anemia and a coat color change. Freeze-etch electron microscopy of primary erythroblasts and live-cell imaging of murine embryonic fibroblasts revealed that Picalm function is required for efficient clathrin coat maturation. We showed that the PICALM PIP2 binding domain is necessary for transferrin receptor endocytosis in erythroblasts and absolutely essential for erythroid development from mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in an erythroid culture system. We further showed that Picalm deletion entirely abrogated the disease phenotype in a Jak2(V617F) knock-in murine model of polycythemia vera. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of cell-type-specific transferrin receptor endocytosis in vivo. They also suggest a new strategy to block cellular uptake of transferrin-bound iron, with therapeutic potential for disorders characterized by inappropriate red blood cell production, such as polycythemia vera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Manami Maeda
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mithun Pasham
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Francois Aguet
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia K Tacheva-Grigorova
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hai Yi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Sung-Uk Lee
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julie Teruya-Feldstein
- Department of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Heuser
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Kim W, Klarmann KD, Keller JR. Gfi-1 regulates the erythroid transcription factor network through Id2 repression in murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 2014; 124:1586-96. [PMID: 25051963 PMCID: PMC4155270 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-556522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor independence 1 (Gfi-1) is a part of the transcriptional network that regulates the development of adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Gfi-1-null (Gfi-1(-/-)) mice have reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), impaired radioprotective function of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), and myeloid and erythroid hyperplasia. We found that the development of HPCs and erythropoiesis, but not HSC function, was rescued by reducing the expression of inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2 (Id2) in Gfi-1(-/-) mice. Analysis of Gfi-1(-/-);Id2(+/-) mice revealed that short-term HSCs, common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), erythroid burst-forming units, colony-forming units in spleen, and more differentiated red cells were partially restored by reducing Id2 levels in Gfi-1(-/-) mice. Moreover, short-term reconstituting cells, and, to a greater extent, CMP and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor development, and red blood cell production (anemia) were rescued in mice transplanted with Gfi-1(-/-);Id2(+/-) bone marrow cells (BMCs) in comparison with Gfi-1(-/-) BMCs. Reduction of Id2 expression in Gfi-1(-/-) mice increased the expression of Gata1, Eklf, and EpoR, which are required for proper erythropoiesis. Reducing the levels of other Id family members (Id1 and Id3) in Gfi-1(-/-) mice did not rescue impaired HPC function or erythropoiesis. These data provide new evidence that Gfi-1 is linked to the erythroid gene regulatory network by repressing Id2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonil Kim
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Mouse Cancer and Genetics Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Mouse Cancer and Genetics Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Mouse Cancer and Genetics Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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Inactivation of Rb and E2f8 synergizes to trigger stressed DNA replication during erythroid terminal differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2833-47. [PMID: 24865965 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01651-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rb is critical for promoting cell cycle exit in cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Here we show that during erythroid terminal differentiation, Rb plays a previously unappreciated and unorthodox role in promoting DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Specifically, inactivation of Rb in erythroid cells led to stressed DNA replication, increased DNA damage, and impaired cell cycle progression, culminating in defective terminal differentiation and anemia. Importantly, all of these defects associated with Rb loss were exacerbated by the concomitant inactivation of E2f8. Gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed that Rb and E2F8 cosuppressed a large array of E2F target genes that are critical for DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Remarkably, inactivation of E2f2 rescued the erythropoietic defects resulting from Rb and E2f8 deficiencies. Interestingly, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) on E2F2 ChIPs indicated that inactivation of Rb and E2f8 synergizes to increase E2F2 binding to its target gene promoters. Taken together, we propose that Rb and E2F8 collaborate to promote DNA replication and erythroid terminal differentiation by preventing E2F2-mediated aberrant transcriptional activation through the ability of Rb to bind and sequester E2F2 and the ability of E2F8 to compete with E2F2 for E2f-binding sites on target gene promoters.
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27
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and PGC-1β have been shown to be intimately involved in the transcriptional regulation of cellular energy metabolism as well as other biological processes, but both coactivator proteins are expressed in many other tissues and organs in which their function is, in essence, unexplored. Here, we found that both PGC-1 proteins are abundantly expressed in maturing erythroid cells. PGC-1α and PGC-1β compound null mutant (Pgc-1(c)) animals express less β-like globin mRNAs throughout development; consequently, neonatal Pgc-1(c) mice exhibit growth retardation and profound anemia. Flow cytometry shows that the number of mature erythrocytes is markedly reduced in neonatal Pgc-1(c) pups, indicating that erythropoiesis is severely compromised. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed necrotic cell death and cell loss in Pgc-1(c) livers and spleen. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that both PGC-1α and -1β, as well as two nuclear receptors, TR2 and TR4, coordinately bind to the various globin gene promoters. In addition, PGC-1α and -1β can interact with TR4 to potentiate transcriptional activation. These data provide new insights into our understanding of globin gene regulation and raise the interesting possibility that the PGC-1 coactivators can interact with TR4 to elicit differential stage-specific effects on globin gene transcription.
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28
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Ji Z, Li X, Fromowitz M, Mutter-Rottmayer E, Tung J, Smith MT, Zhang L. Formaldehyde induces micronuclei in mouse erythropoietic cells and suppresses the expansion of human erythroid progenitor cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 224:233-9. [PMID: 24188930 PMCID: PMC3891867 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although formaldehyde (FA) has been classified as a human leukemogen, the mechanisms of leukemogenesis remain elusive. Previously, using colony-forming assays in semi-solid media, we showed that FA exposure in vivo and in vitro was toxic to human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In the present study, we have applied new liquid in vitro erythroid expansion systems to further investigate the toxic effects of FA (0-150 μM) on cultured mouse and human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We determined micronucleus (MN) levels in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) differentiated from mouse bone marrow. We measured cell growth, cell cycle distribution, and chromosomal instability, in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) expanded from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. FA significantly induced MN in mouse PCEs and suppressed human EPC expansion in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated controls. In the expanded human EPCs, FA slightly increased the proportion of cells in G2/M at 100 μM and aneuploidy frequency in chromosomes 7 and 8 at 50 μM. Our findings provide further evidence of the toxicity of FA to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and support the biological plausibility of FA-induced leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Fromowitz
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Elizabeth Mutter-Rottmayer
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Judy Tung
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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29
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Modulation of Ras signaling alters the toxicity of hydroquinone, a benzene metabolite and component of cigarette smoke. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:6. [PMID: 24386979 PMCID: PMC3898384 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Benzene is an established human leukemogen, with a ubiquitous environmental presence leading to significant population exposure. In a genome-wide functional screen in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inactivation of IRA2, a yeast ortholog of the human tumor suppressor gene NF1 (Neurofibromin), enhanced sensitivity to hydroquinone, an important benzene metabolite. Increased Ras signaling is implicated as a causal factor in the increased pre-disposition to leukemia of individuals with mutations in NF1. Methods Growth inhibition of yeast by hydroquinone was assessed in mutant strains exhibiting varying levels of Ras activity. Subsequently, effects of hydroquinone on both genotoxicity (measured by micronucleus formation) and proliferation of WT and Nf1 null murine hematopoietic precursors were assessed. Results Here we show that the Ras status of both yeast and mammalian cells modulates hydroquinone toxicity, indicating potential synergy between Ras signaling and benzene toxicity. Specifically, enhanced Ras signaling increases both hydroquinone-mediated growth inhibition in yeast and genotoxicity in mammalian hematopoetic precursors as measured by an in vitro erythroid micronucleus assay. Hydroquinone also increases proliferation of CFU-GM progenitor cells in mice with Nf1 null bone marrow relative to WT, the same cell type associated with benzene-associated leukemia. Conclusions Together our findings show that hydroquinone toxicity is modulated by Ras signaling. Individuals with abnormal Ras signaling could be more vulnerable to developing myeloid diseases after exposure to benzene. We note that hydroquinone is used cosmetically as a skin-bleaching agent, including by individuals with cafe-au-lait spots (which may be present in individuals with neurofibromatosis who have a mutation in NF1), which could be unadvisable given our findings.
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30
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Ramesh B, Guhathakurta S. Large-scale in-vitro expansion of RBCs from hematopoietic stem cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 41:42-51. [PMID: 22834784 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.702315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The quest for RBCs in transfusion medicine has prompted scientists to explore the large-scale expansion of human RBCs from various sources. The successful production of RBCs in the laboratory depends on the selection of potential cell source, optimized culture, bio-physiological parameters, clinically applicable culture media that yields a scalable, contamination-free, non-reactive, non-tumorogenic, stable and functional end product. The expansion protocol considering the in vivo factors involved in homeostasis can generate a cost-effective and readily available cell source for transfusion. This review paper discusses several approaches used to expand RBCs from various sources of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasundari Ramesh
- Department of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Frontier Life Line Pvt Ltd., Mugappair, Chennai, India
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31
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Fromowitz M, Shuga J, Wlassowsky AY, Ji Z, North M, Vulpe CD, Smith MT, Zhang L. Bone marrow genotoxicity of 2,5-dimethylfuran, a green biofuel candidate. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:488-491. [PMID: 22730236 DOI: 10.1002/em.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) is being considered as a potential green transportation biofuel, but there is limited information about its toxicity and safety. We examined DMF toxicity in the bone marrow using a murine in vitro erythropoietic micronucleus assay and found that exposure to DMF (0.1 mM, 1 hr) induced an increase in micronuclei frequency compared with controls. These data suggest that DMF may be genotoxic to hematopoietic cells and that more thorough toxicological studies on DMF should be conducted to ensure public and occupational safety before it is considered a viable biofuel and produced in mass quantities. As well as specific data on DMF, our study further validates an in vitro cell culture system that captures the essential features of the in vivo mammalian micronucleus genotoxicity assay, enabling increased throughput and controlled studies on hematopoietic DNA damage response, while reducing animal sacrifice. In vitro assays, such as the in vitro micronucleus assay, will be essential as international chemical policy is increasingly utilizing green chemistry principles that require more toxicological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fromowitz
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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32
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Hvastkovs EG, Schenkman JB, Rusling JF. Metabolic toxicity screening using electrochemiluminescence arrays coupled with enzyme-DNA biocolloid reactors and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2012; 5:79-105. [PMID: 22482786 PMCID: PMC3399491 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
New chemicals or drugs must be guaranteed safe before they can be marketed. Despite widespread use of bioassay panels for toxicity prediction, products that are toxic to a subset of the population often are not identified until clinical trials. This article reviews new array methodologies based on enzyme/DNA films that form and identify DNA-reactive metabolites that are indicators of potentially genotoxic species. This molecularly based methodology is designed in a rapid screening array that utilizes electrochemiluminescence (ECL) to detect metabolite-DNA reactions, as well as biocolloid reactors that provide the DNA adducts and metabolites for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. ECL arrays provide rapid toxicity screening, and the biocolloid reactor LC-MS approach provides a valuable follow-up on structure, identification, and formation rates of DNA adducts for toxicity hits from the ECL array screening. Specific examples using this strategy are discussed. Integration of high-throughput versions of these toxicity-screening methods with existing drug toxicity bioassays should allow for better human toxicity prediction as well as more informed decision making regarding new chemical and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G. Hvastkovs
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858;
| | - John B. Schenkman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06269;
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06269;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269;
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Kumar G, Wood AW, Anderson V, McIntosh RL, Chen YY, Mckenzie RJ. Evaluation of hematopoietic system effects after in vitro radiofrequency radiation exposure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.518212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Kumar G, Wood AW, Anderson V, McIntosh RL, Chen YY, Mckenzie RJ. Evaluation of hematopoietic system effects after in vitro radiofrequency radiation exposure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:231-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.518212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Sun H, Tsai Y, Nowak I, Dertinger SD, Wu JHD, Chen Y. Response kinetics of radiation-induced micronucleated reticulocytes in human bone marrow culture. Mutat Res 2010; 718:38-43. [PMID: 21056116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) in the bone marrow or peripheral blood is a sensitive indicator of cytogenetic damage. While the kinetics of MN-RET induction in rodent models following irradiation has been investigated and reported, information about MN-RET induction of human bone marrow after radiation exposure is sparse. In this report, we describe a human long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC), established in three-dimensional (3D) bioreactors, which sustains long-term erythropoiesis. Using this system, we measured the kinetics of human bone marrow red blood cell (RBC) and reticulocyte (RET) production, as well as the kinetics of human MN-RET induction following radiation exposure up to 6Gy. Human bone marrow established in the 3D bioreactor demonstrated an average percentage of RBCs among total viable cells peaking at 21% on day 21. The average percentage of RETs among total viable cells reached a maximum of 11% on day 14, and remained above 5% by day 28, suggesting that terminal erythroid differentiation was still active. Time- and dose-dependent induction of MN-RET by gamma radiation was observed in the human 3D LTBMC, with peak values occurring at approximately 3 days following 1Gy irradiation. A trend towards delayed peak to 3-5 days post-radiation was observed with radiation doses ≥2Gy. Our data reveal valuable information on the kinetics of radiation-induced MN-RET of human bone marrow cultured in the 3D bioreactor, a synthetic bioculture system, and suggest that this model may serve as a promising tool for studying MN-RET formation in human bone marrow, thereby providing opportunities to study bone marrow genotoxicity testing, mitigating agent effects, and other conditions that are not ordinarily feasible to experimental manipulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 647, Rochester, NY 14642-8647, United States.
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Lee HJ, Cha KE, Hwang SG, Kim JK, Kim GJ. In vitro screening system for hepatotoxicity: Comparison of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and Placenta-derived stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 112:49-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Oshida K, Iwanaga E, Miyamoto K, Miyamoto Y. Comet assay in murine bone-marrow cell line (FDC-P2). Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1039-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Seaman V, Dearwent SM, Gable D, Lewis B, Metcalf S, Orloff K, Tierney B, Zhu J, Logue J, Marchetto D, Ostroff S, Hoffman R, Xu M, Carey D, Erlich P, Gerhard G, Roda P, Iannuzzo J, Lewis R, Mellow J, Mulvihill L, Myles Z, Wu M, Frank A, Gross-Davis CA, Klotz J, Lynch A, Weissfeld J, Weinberg R, Cole H. A multidisciplinary investigation of a polycythemia vera cancer cluster of unknown origin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:1139-52. [PMID: 20617023 PMCID: PMC2872321 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7031139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cluster investigations rarely receive significant public health resource allocations due to numerous inherent challenges and the limited success of past efforts. In 2008, a cluster of polycythemia vera, a rare blood cancer with unknown etiology, was identified in northeast Pennsylvania. A multidisciplinary group of federal and state agencies, academic institutions, and local healthcare providers subsequently developed a multifaceted research portfolio designed to better understand the cause of the cluster. This research agenda represents a unique and important opportunity to demonstrate that cancer cluster investigations can produce desirable public health and scientific outcomes when necessary resources are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Seaman
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA; E-Mails:
(S.D.);
(D.G.);
(B.L.);
(S.M.);
(K.O.);
(B.T.);
(J.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +1-770-488-3682; Fax: +1-770-488-1537
| | - Steve M Dearwent
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA; E-Mails:
(S.D.);
(D.G.);
(B.L.);
(S.M.);
(K.O.);
(B.T.);
(J.Z.)
| | - Debra Gable
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA; E-Mails:
(S.D.);
(D.G.);
(B.L.);
(S.M.);
(K.O.);
(B.T.);
(J.Z.)
| | - Brian Lewis
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA; E-Mails:
(S.D.);
(D.G.);
(B.L.);
(S.M.);
(K.O.);
(B.T.);
(J.Z.)
| | - Susan Metcalf
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA; E-Mails:
(S.D.);
(D.G.);
(B.L.);
(S.M.);
(K.O.);
(B.T.);
(J.Z.)
| | - Ken Orloff
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA; E-Mails:
(S.D.);
(D.G.);
(B.L.);
(S.M.);
(K.O.);
(B.T.);
(J.Z.)
| | - Bruce Tierney
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA; E-Mails:
(S.D.);
(D.G.);
(B.L.);
(S.M.);
(K.O.);
(B.T.);
(J.Z.)
| | - Jane Zhu
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA; E-Mails:
(S.D.);
(D.G.);
(B.L.);
(S.M.);
(K.O.);
(B.T.);
(J.Z.)
| | - James Logue
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, 7 & Forster Streets, Harrisburg, PA 17120, USA; E-Mails:
(J.L.);
(D.M.);
(S.O.)
| | - David Marchetto
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, 7 & Forster Streets, Harrisburg, PA 17120, USA; E-Mails:
(J.L.);
(D.M.);
(S.O.)
| | - Stephen Ostroff
- Pennsylvania Department of Health, 7 & Forster Streets, Harrisburg, PA 17120, USA; E-Mails:
(J.L.);
(D.M.);
(S.O.)
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; E-Mails:
(R.H.);
(M.X.)
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; E-Mails:
(R.H.);
(M.X.)
| | - David Carey
- Geisinger Health System/Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA; E-Mails:
(D.C.);
(P.E.);
(G.G.);
(P.R.)
| | - Porat Erlich
- Geisinger Health System/Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA; E-Mails:
(D.C.);
(P.E.);
(G.G.);
(P.R.)
| | - Glenn Gerhard
- Geisinger Health System/Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA; E-Mails:
(D.C.);
(P.E.);
(G.G.);
(P.R.)
| | - Paul Roda
- Geisinger Health System/Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA; E-Mails:
(D.C.);
(P.E.);
(G.G.);
(P.R.)
| | - Joseph Iannuzzo
- Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, 2 Public Square, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18711, USA; E-Mails:
(J.I.);
(R.L.);
(J.M.)
| | - Robert Lewis
- Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, 2 Public Square, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18711, USA; E-Mails:
(J.I.);
(R.L.);
(J.M.)
| | - John Mellow
- Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, 2 Public Square, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18711, USA; E-Mails:
(J.I.);
(R.L.);
(J.M.)
| | - Linda Mulvihill
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Program of Cancer Registries, 1600 Clifton, Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails:
(L.M.);
(Z.M.);
(M.W.)
| | - Zachary Myles
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Program of Cancer Registries, 1600 Clifton, Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails:
(L.M.);
(Z.M.);
(M.W.)
| | - Manxia Wu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Program of Cancer Registries, 1600 Clifton, Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; E-Mails:
(L.M.);
(Z.M.);
(M.W.)
| | - Arthur Frank
- Drexel University School of Public Health, 1505 Race Street, Bellet Building 13th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA; E-Mails:
(A.F.);
(C.A.G);
(J.K.)
| | - Carol Ann Gross-Davis
- Drexel University School of Public Health, 1505 Race Street, Bellet Building 13th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA; E-Mails:
(A.F.);
(C.A.G);
(J.K.)
| | - Judith Klotz
- Drexel University School of Public Health, 1505 Race Street, Bellet Building 13th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA; E-Mails:
(A.F.);
(C.A.G);
(J.K.)
| | - Adam Lynch
- Drexel University School of Public Health, 1505 Race Street, Bellet Building 13th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA; E-Mails:
(A.F.);
(C.A.G);
(J.K.)
| | - Joel Weissfeld
- UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 3rd Floor, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Rona Weinberg
- New York Blood Center, 310 East 67th Street, 2-47B, New York, NY 10065, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Henry Cole
- Henry S. Cole & Associates, 7611 S. Osborne Rd, Ste 201, Upper Marlboro, MD 20772, USA; E-Mail:
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Sun H, Dertinger SD, Hyrien O, David Wu JH, Chen Y. Gamma-radiation induces micronucleated reticulocytes in 3D bone marrow bioreactors in vitro. Mutat Res 2009; 680:49-55. [PMID: 19786117 PMCID: PMC2843784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation injury to the bone marrow is potentially lethal due to the potent DNA-damaging effects on cells of the hematopoietic system, including bone marrow stem cell, progenitor, and the precursor cell populations. Investigation of radiation genotoxic effects on bone marrow progenitor/precursor cells has been challenged by the lack of optimal in vitro surrogate organ culture systems, and the overall difficulty to sustain lineage-specific proliferation and differentiation of hematopoiesis in vitro. We report the investigation of radiation genotoxic effects in bone marrow cultures of C57Bl/6 mice established in 3D bioreactors, which sustain long-term bone marrow cultures. For these studies, genotoxicity is measured by the induction of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs). The kinetics and dose-response relationship of MN-RET induction in response to gamma-radiation of bioreactor-maintained bone marrow cultures are presented. Our data showed that 3D long-term bone marrow cultures had sustained erythropoiesis capable of generating reticulocytes up to 8 weeks. The peak time-interval of viable cell output and percentage of reticulocytes increased steadily and reached the initial peak between the 14th and 21st days after inoculations. This was followed by a rebound or staying relatively constant until week 8. The percentage of MN-RET reached the maximum between 24 h and 32 h post 1 Gy gamma-ray. There was a near linear MN-RET induction by gamma-radiation from 0 Gy to 1.0 Gy, followed by an attenuated increase to 1.5-2.0 Gy. The MN-RET response showed a downtrend beyond 2 Gy. Our data suggest that bone marrow culture in the 3D bioreactor may be a useful organ culture system for the investigation of radiation genotoxic effect in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - J. H. David Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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Migliaccio G, Sanchez M, Leblanc A, Masiello F, Tirelli V, Migliaccio AR, Najfeld V, Whitsett C. Long-term storage does not alter functionality of in vitro generated human erythroblasts: implications for ex vivo generated erythroid transfusion products. Transfusion 2009; 49:2668-79. [PMID: 19659677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultured human erythroid cells derived in vitro may represent alternative transfusion products. It is unknown, however, if these ex vivo expanded erythroid cells remain functional or develop genetic abnormalities after storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using mononuclear cells from four adult blood donors, erythroblasts were generated ex vivo in expansion cultures supplemented with stem cell factor, interleukin-3, erythropoietin (EPO), dexamethasone, and estradiol. The viability and in vitro function of freshly expanded or short (1-2 months)- and long (8 years)-term-stored erythroblasts cryopreserved in dimethyl sulfoxide were compared. Erythroblast function was defined as ability to proliferate in expansion media and mature in response to EPO. Cell number was determined manually and expressed as fold increase. Viability was assessed by trypan blue and propidium iodide exclusion. Maturation was evaluated by morphologic analyses and CD36/CD235a expression profiling. Cytogenetic evaluation included karyotype and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. RESULTS Equivalent numbers (>80%) of erythroblasts were viable after short- and long-term storage. Freshly expanded and short- and long-term-stored erythroblasts equally doubled in number (fold increase, 2.4) retaining an immature phenotype (23% of the cells were CD36(high)CD235a(neg)) when cultured for 4 days under expansion conditions. The numbers of freshly expanded and short-term-stored erythroblasts that matured when exposed for 4 days to EPO were also similar (approx. 22% of the cells became CD36(neg)CD235a(high)). In spite of the massive amplification, ex vivo generated erythroblasts demonstrated a normal (46,XY) karyotype with no obvious genomic rearrangements. CONCLUSION Ex vivo expanded erythroblasts remain functional and genetically normal after long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Migliaccio
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Arab K, Pedersen M, Nair J, Meerang M, Knudsen LE, Bartsch H. Typical signature of DNA damage in white blood cells: a pilot study on etheno adducts in Danish mother-newborn child pairs. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:282-5. [PMID: 19037091 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of DNA damage commonly thought to be involved in chronic degenerative disease causation is particularly detrimental during fetal development. Within a multicenter study, we analyzed 77 white blood cell (WBC) samples from mother-newborn child pairs to see if imprinting of DNA damage in mother and newborn shows a similar pattern. Two adducts 1,N(6)-ethenodeoxyadenosine (epsilondA) and 3,N(4)-ethenodeoxycytidine (epsilondC) were measured by our ultrasensitive immunoaffinity (32)P-post-labeling method. These miscoding etheno-DNA adducts are generated by the reaction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) end products such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal with DNA bases. Mean epsilondA and epsilondC levels when expressed per 10(9) parent nucleotides in WBC-DNA from cord blood were 138 and 354, respectively; in maternal WBC-DNA, the respective values were 317 and 916. Thus, the DNA-etheno adduct levels were reliably detectable and about two times lower in child cord blood, the difference being significant at P < 0.0004. Analysis of epsilondA and epsilondC levels in cord versus maternal blood WBC showed strong positive correlations (R(2) approximately 0.9, P < 0.00001). In conclusion, LPO-induced DNA damage arising from endogenous reactive aldehydes in WBC of both mother and newborn can be reliably assessed by epsilondA and epsilondC as biomarkers. The high correlation of etheno adduct levels in mother and child WBC suggests that a typical signature of DNA damage is induced similarly in fetus and mother. Prospective cohort studies have to reveal whether these two WBC-DNA adducts could serve as risk indicator for developing hematopoietic cancers and other disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Arab
- Division of Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Vikram A, Tripathi D, Pawar A, Ramarao P, Jena G. Pre-bled-young-rats in genotoxicity testing: A model for peripheral blood micronucleus assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 52:147-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kramer JA, Sagartz JE, Morris DL. The application of discovery toxicology and pathology towards the design of safer pharmaceutical lead candidates. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:636-49. [PMID: 17643090 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity is a leading cause of attrition at all stages of the drug development process. The majority of safety-related attrition occurs preclinically, suggesting that approaches to identify 'predictable' preclinical safety liabilities earlier in the drug development process could lead to the design and/or selection of better drug candidates that have increased probabilities of becoming marketed drugs. In this Review, we discuss how the early application of preclinical safety assessment--both new molecular technologies as well as more established approaches such as standard repeat-dose rodent toxicology studies--can identify predictable safety issues earlier in the testing paradigm. The earlier identification of dose-limiting toxicities will provide chemists and toxicologists the opportunity to characterize the dose-limiting toxicities, determine structure-toxicity relationships and minimize or circumvent adverse safety liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Kramer
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, USA.
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