1
|
Beckmann D, Krause A, Hansen U, Kiener HP, Karonitsch T, Blüml S, Kremerskothen J, Pavenstädt H, Pap T, Korb-Pap A. Focal adhesion protein Lasp1 links the Arp2/3 complex to adherens junctions and promotes motility of arthritic fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:816-819. [PMID: 38373844 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Beckmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Annika Krause
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans P Kiener
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Karonitsch
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Kremerskothen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Adelheid Korb-Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lawson-Keister E, Zhang T, Nazari F, Fagotto F, Manning ML. Differences in boundary behavior in the 3D vertex and Voronoi models. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011724. [PMID: 38181065 PMCID: PMC10796063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An important open question in the modeling of biological tissues is how to identify the right scale for coarse-graining, or equivalently, the right number of degrees of freedom. For confluent biological tissues, both vertex and Voronoi models, which differ only in their representation of the degrees of freedom, have effectively been used to predict behavior, including fluid-solid transitions and cell tissue compartmentalization, which are important for biological function. However, recent work in 2D has hinted that there may be differences between the two models in systems with heterotypic interfaces between two tissue types, and there is a burgeoning interest in 3D tissue models. Therefore, we compare the geometric structure and dynamic sorting behavior in mixtures of two cell types in both 3D vertex and Voronoi models. We find that while the cell shape indices exhibit similar trends in both models, the registration between cell centers and cell orientation at the boundary are significantly different between the two models. We demonstrate that these macroscopic differences are caused by changes to the cusp-like restoring forces introduced by the different representations of the degrees of freedom at the boundary, and that the Voronoi model is more strongly constrained by forces that are an artifact of the way the degrees of freedom are represented. This suggests that vertex models may be more appropriate for 3D simulations of tissues with heterotypic contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lawson-Keister
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fatemeh Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Centrale de Lille, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - François Fagotto
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - M. Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naser AN, Lu Q, Chen YH. Trans-Compartmental Regulation of Tight Junction Barrier Function. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2133880. [PMID: 36220768 PMCID: PMC10606786 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2133880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are the most apical components of junctional complexes in epithelial and endothelial cells. Barrier function is one of the major functions of TJ, which restricts the ions and small water-soluble molecules from passing through the paracellular pathway. Adherens junctions (AJs) play an important role in cell-cell adhesion and cell signaling. Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels regulating electrical and metabolic signals between cells. It is well known that TJ integral membrane proteins, such as claudins and occludins, are the molecular building blocks responsible for TJ barrier function. However, recent studies demonstrate that proteins of other junctional complexes can influence and regulate TJ barrier function. Therefore, the crosstalk between different cell junctions represents a common means to modulate cellular activities. In this review, we will discuss the interactions among TJ, AJ, and GJ by focusing on how AJ and GJ proteins regulate TJ barrier function in different biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna N. Naser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gamil H, Assaf M, Khater M, Fawzy M. Abnormal nuclear expression of aquaporin-3 in lesional and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients: A novel immunohistochemical finding. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1063-1070. [PMID: 36437598 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by a complex etiopathogenesis. Keratinocyte apoptosis may play a role in vitiligo pathogenesis. Aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) is an aqua-glyceroporin that controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. AIM To assess the immunohistochemical expression of AQP-3 in lesional and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients compared to healthy control skin. METHODS A total of 20 patients with generalized non-segmental vitiligo and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Lesional and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients, as well as normal skin of control subjects, were biopsied. The immunohistochemical expression of AQP3 in the epidermis was examined. RESULTS Compared to control skin, both lesional and perilesional skin showed a significant reduction in the intensity of membranous staining of AQP-3 (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, the membrano-cytoplasmic pattern of AQP-3 staining was significantly detected in 80% of lesions and 85% of perilesional biopsies, while it was absent in control skin (p < 0.001). Additionally, nuclear AQP-3 expression was significantly detected in 35% of lesions and 55% of perilesional biopsies, while it was not detected in control skin (p = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). No statistically significant difference was detected between lesional and perilesional skin. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first immunohistochemical research to show a significant abnormal nuclear expression of AQP-3 in lesional and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients. This abnormality may reflect impaired functions of AQP-3, leading to keratinocyte apoptosis with subsequent melanocyte death and development of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hend Gamil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Magda Assaf
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Khater
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manal Fawzy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prado-Mantilla A, Lechler T. Polarity in skin development and cancer. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:317-336. [PMID: 37100522 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium that forms the outermost layer of the skin. Its primary function is to act as a barrier, keeping pathogens and toxins out and moisture in. This physiological role has necessitated major differences in the organization and polarity of the tissue as compared to simple epithelia. We discuss four aspects of polarity in the epidermis - the distinctive polarities of basal progenitor cells as well as differentiated granular cells, the polarity of adhesions and the cytoskeleton across the tissue as keratinocytes differentiate, and the planar cell polarity of the tissue. These distinctive polarities are essential for the morphogenesis and the function of the epidermis and have also been implicated in regulating tumor formation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kanadome T, Hayashi K, Seto Y, Eiraku M, Nakajima K, Nagai T, Matsuda T. Development of intensiometric indicators for visualizing N-cadherin interaction across cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1065. [PMID: 36207396 PMCID: PMC9546846 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin (NCad) is a classical cadherin that mediates cell–cell interactions in a Ca2+-dependent manner. NCad participates in various biological processes, from ontogenesis to higher brain functions, though the visualization of NCad interactions in living cells remains limited. Here, we present intensiometric NCad interaction indicators, named INCIDERs, that utilize dimerization-dependent fluorescent proteins. INCIDERs successfully visualize reversible NCad interactions across cells. Compared to FRET-based indicators, INCIDERs have a ~70-fold higher signal contrast, enabling clear identification of NCad interactions. In primary neuronal cells, NCad interactions are visualized between closely apposed processes. Furthermore, visualization of NCad interaction at cell adhesion sites in dense cell populations is achieved by two-photon microscopy. INCIDERs are useful tools in the spatiotemporal investigation of NCad interactions across cells; future research should evaluate the potential of INCIDERs in mapping complex three-dimensional architectures in multi-cellular systems. Intensiometric N-cadherin (NCad) interaction indicators, named INCIDERs, visualize reversible NCad-mediated cell-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanadome
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seto
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Eiraku
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Department of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
P-Cadherin Is Expressed by Epithelial Progenitor Cells and Melanocytes in the Human Corneal Limbus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121975. [PMID: 35741104 PMCID: PMC9221557 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC) and surrounding niche cells, which include limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSC) and melanocytes (LM), are essential for the maintenance of the limbal stem cell niche required for a transparent corneal surface. P-cadherin (P-cad) is a critical stem cell niche adhesion molecule at various epithelial stem cell niches; however, conflicting observations were reported on the presence of P-cad in the limbal region. To explore this issue, we assessed the location and phenotype of P-cad+ cells by confocal microscopy of human corneoscleral tissue. In subsequent fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) experiments, we used antibodies against P-cad along with CD90 and CD117 for the enrichment of LEPC, LMSC and LM, respectively. The sorted cells were characterized by immunophenotyping and the repopulation of decellularized limbal scaffolds was evaluated. Our findings demonstrate that P-cad is expressed by epithelial progenitor cells as well as melanocytes in the human limbal epithelial stem cell niche. The modified flow sorting addressing P-cad as well as CD90 and CD117 yielded enriched LEPC (CD90−CD117−P-cad+) and pure populations of LMSC (CD90+CD117−P-cad−) and LM (CD90−CD117+P-cad+). The enriched LEPC showed the expression of epithelial progenitor markers and better colony-forming ability than their P-cad− counterparts. The cultured LEPC and LM exhibited P-cad expression at intercellular junctions and successfully repopulated decellularized limbal scaffolds. These data suggest that P-cad is a critical cell–cell adhesion molecule, connecting LEPC and LM, which may play an important role in the long-term maintenance of LEPC at the limbal stem cell niche; moreover, these findings led to further improvement of cell enrichment protocols to enhance the yield of LEPC.
Collapse
|
8
|
Harmon RM, Devany J, Gardel ML. Dia1 coordinates differentiation and cell sorting in a stratified epithelium. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213092. [PMID: 35323863 PMCID: PMC8958268 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although implicated in adhesion, only a few studies address how the actin assembly factors guide cell positioning in multicellular tissues. The formin, Dia1, localizes to the proliferative basal layer of the epidermis. In organotypic cultures, Dia1 depletion reduced basal cell density and resulted in stratified tissues with disorganized differentiation and proliferative markers. Since crowding induces differentiation in epidermal tissues, we hypothesized that Dia1 is essential to reach densities amenable to differentiation before or during stratification. Consistent with this, forced crowding of Dia1-deficient cells rescued transcriptional abnormalities. We find Dia1 promotes rapid growth of lateral cell–cell adhesions, necessary for the construction of a highly crowded monolayer. In aggregation assays, cells sorted into distinct layers based on Dia1 expression status. These results suggest that as basal cells proliferate, reintegration and packing of Dia1-positive daughter cells is favored, whereas Dia1-negative cells tend to delaminate to a suprabasal compartment. This work elucidates the role of formin expression patterns in constructing distinct cellular domains within stratified epithelia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Harmon
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John Devany
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shang W, Quan Tan AY, van Steensel MAM, Lim X. ABERRANT WNT SIGNALING INDUCES COMEDO-LIKE CHANGES IN THE MURINE UPPER HAIR FOLLICLE. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:2603-2612.e6. [PMID: 34929175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell proliferation and differentiation must be carefully balanced to support tissue maintenance and growth. Defective stem cell regulation may underpin diseases in many organs, including the skin. Lrig1-expressing stem cells residing in the HF junction zone (JZ) support sebaceous gland (SG) homeostasis. An emerging hypothesis from observations in both mouse and human holds that imbalances in key stem cell regulatory pathways such as Wnt signaling may lead to abnormal fate determination of these Lrig1+ve cells. They accumulate and form cystic structures in the JZ that are similar to the comedones found in human acne. To test the possible involvement of Wnt signals in this scenario, we used the Lrig1-CreERT2 mouse line to modulate Wnt signaling in JZ stem cells. We observed that persistent activation of Wnt signaling leads to JZ cyst formation with associated SG atrophy. The cysts strongly express stem cell markers and can be partially reduced by all-trans retinoic acid treatment as well as by Hedgehog signaling inhibition. Conversely, loss of Wnt signaling leads to enlargement of JZ, infundibulum and SGs. These data implicate abnormal Wnt signaling in the generation of mouse pathologies that resemble human acne and respond to acne treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research
| | - Alvin Yong Quan Tan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research;; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research;.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lefèvre-Utile A, Braun C, Haftek M, Aubin F. Five Functional Aspects of the Epidermal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11676. [PMID: 34769105 PMCID: PMC8583944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is a living, multilayered barrier with five functional levels, including a physical, a chemical, a microbial, a neuronal, and an immune level. Altogether, this complex organ contributes to protect the host from external aggression and to preserve its integrity. In this review, we focused on the different functional aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Lefèvre-Utile
- Sce de Pédiatrie Générale et Urgence pédiatrique, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93140 Bondy, France;
- Unité 976 HIPI, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Inserm, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Camille Braun
- Centre international de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France;
- Sce de Pneumologie Pédiatrique et Allergie, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Marek Haftek
- CNRS UMR5305, Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, LBTI, Lyon1 University, 69100 Lyon, France;
| | - François Aubin
- Inserm U1098, Université de Franche Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Sce de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25000 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fan J, Zhao XH, Zhao JR, Li BR. Galangin and Kaempferol Alleviate the Indomethacin-Caused Cytotoxicity and Barrier Loss in Rat Intestinal Epithelial (IEC-6) Cells Via Mediating JNK/Src Activation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15046-15056. [PMID: 34151085 PMCID: PMC8210432 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like indomethacin and others are widely used in clinics, but they have the potential to cause severe gastrointestinal damage including intestinal barrier dysfunction. Thus, two flavonols galangin and kaempferol with or without heat treatment (100 °C, 30 min) were assessed for their effect on indomethacin-damaged rat intestine epithelial (IEC-6) cells. In total, the cell exposure of 300 μmol/L indomethacin for 24 h caused cell toxicity efficiently, resulting in decreased cell viability, enhanced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and obvious barrier loss. Meanwhile, pretreatment of the cells with these flavonols for 24 and 48 h before the indomethacin exposure could alleviate cytotoxicity and especially barrier loss, resulting in increased cell viability and transepithelial resistance, decreased LDH release, ROS production, and paracellular permeability, together with the promoted expression of three tight junction proteins zonula occluden-1, occludin, and claudin-1. Moreover, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and expression levels of p-JNK and p-Src arisen from the indomethacin damage were also reduced by the flavonols, suggesting an inhibited calcium-mediated JNK/Src activation. Consistently, galangin showed higher activity than kaempferol to the cells, while the heated flavonols were less efficient than the unheated counterparts. It is thus highlighted that the two flavonols could alleviate indomethacin cytotoxicity and combat against the indomethacin-induced barrier loss in IEC-6 cells, but heat treatment of the flavonols would weaken the two beneficial functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Huai Zhao
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Maoming
Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ren Zhao
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Ru Li
- School
of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong
University of Petrochemical Technology, 525000 Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shafraz O, Xie B, Yamada S, Sivasankar S. Mapping transmembrane binding partners for E-cadherin ectodomains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31157-31165. [PMID: 33229577 PMCID: PMC7733791 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010209117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We combine proximity labeling and single molecule binding assays to discover transmembrane protein interactions in cells. We first screen for candidate binding partners by tagging the extracellular and cytoplasmic regions of a "bait" protein with BioID biotin ligase and identify proximal proteins that are biotin tagged on both their extracellular and intracellular regions. We then test direct binding interactions between proximal proteins and the bait, using single molecule atomic force microscope binding assays. Using this approach, we identify binding partners for the extracellular region of E-cadherin, an essential cell-cell adhesion protein. We show that the desmosomal proteins desmoglein-2 and desmocollin-3, the focal adhesion protein integrin-α2β1, the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand ephrin-B1, and the classical cadherin P-cadherin, all directly interact with E-cadherin ectodomains. Our data shows that combining extracellular and cytoplasmic proximal tagging with a biophysical binding assay increases the precision with which transmembrane ectodomain interactors can be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Shafraz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bin Xie
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sanjeevi Sivasankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cell culture dimensionality influences mesenchymal stem cell fate through cadherin-2 and cadherin-11. Biomaterials 2020; 254:120127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Ji Y, Garland MA, Sun B, Zhang S, Reynolds K, McMahon M, Rajakumar R, Islam MS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhou CJ. Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1558-1587. [PMID: 32725806 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ratheya Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jin Y, Blikslager AT. The Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Myosin Light Chain Kinase/Rho Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103550. [PMID: 32443411 PMCID: PMC7278945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial apical junctional complex, which includes tight and adherens junctions, contributes to the intestinal barrier function via their role in regulating paracellular permeability. Myosin light chain II (MLC-2), has been shown to be a critical regulatory protein in altering paracellular permeability during gastrointestinal disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of MLC-2 is a biochemical marker for perijunctional actomyosin ring contraction, which increases paracellular permeability by regulating the apical junctional complex. The phosphorylation of MLC-2 is dominantly regulated by myosin light chain kinase- (MLCK-) and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase- (ROCK-) mediated pathways. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of MLCK- and ROCK-mediated pathways in the regulation of the intestinal barrier during normal homeostasis and digestive diseases. Additionally, we will also suggest potential therapeutic targeting of MLCK- and ROCK-associated pathways in gastrointestinal disorders that compromise the intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younggeon Jin
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arora P, Dongre S, Raman R, Sonawane M. Stepwise polarisation of developing bilayered epidermis is mediated by aPKC and E-cadherin in zebrafish. eLife 2020; 9:49064. [PMID: 31967543 PMCID: PMC6975926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis, a multilayered epithelium, surrounds and protects the vertebrate body. It develops from a bilayered epithelium formed of the outer periderm and underlying basal epidermis. How apicobasal polarity is established in the developing epidermis has remained poorly understood. We show that both the periderm and the basal epidermis exhibit polarised distribution of adherens junctions in zebrafish. aPKC, an apical polarity regulator, maintains the robustness of polarisation of E-cadherin- an adherens junction component- in the periderm. E-cadherin in one layer controls the localisation of E-cadherin in the second layer in a layer non-autonomous manner. Importantly, E-cadherin controls the localisation and levels of Lgl, a basolateral polarity regulator, in a layer autonomous as well non-autonomous manner. Since periderm formation from the enveloping layer precedes the formation of the basal epidermis, our analyses suggest that peridermal polarity, initiated by aPKC, is transduced in a stepwise manner by E-cadherin to the basal layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Arora
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shivali Dongre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Renuka Raman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Mahendra Sonawane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Priest AV, Koirala R, Sivasankar S. Single-molecule studies of classical and desmosomal cadherin adhesion. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019; 12:43-50. [PMID: 31742239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical cadherin and desmosomal cadherin cell-cell adhesion proteins play essential roles in tissue morphogenesis and in maintaining tissue integrity. Deficiencies in cadherin adhesion are hallmarks of diseases like cancers, skin diseases and cardiomyopathies. Structural studies and single molecule biophysical measurements have revealed critical similarities and surprising differences between these key adhesion proteins. This review summarizes our current understanding of the biophysics of classical and desmosomal cadherin adhesion and the molecular basis for their cross-talk. We focus on recent single molecule measurements, highlight key insights into the adhesion of cadherin extracellular regions and their relation to associated diseases, and identify major open questions in this exciting area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Vae Priest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Ramesh Koirala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Sanjeevi Sivasankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tsai CR, Galko MJ. Casein kinase 1α decreases β-catenin levels at adherens junctions to facilitate wound closure in Drosophila larvae. Development 2019; 146:dev175133. [PMID: 31511254 PMCID: PMC6826034 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin wound repair is essential to restore barrier function and prevent infection after tissue damage. Wound-edge epidermal cells migrate as a sheet to close the wound. However, it is still unclear how cell-cell junctions are regulated during wound closure (WC). To study this, we examined adherens junctions during WC in Drosophila larvae. β-Catenin is reduced at the lateral cell-cell junctions of wound-edge epidermal cells in the early healing stages. Destruction complex components, including Ck1α, GSK3β and β-TrCP, suppress β-catenin levels in the larval epidermis. Tissue-specific RNAi targeting these genes also caused severe WC defects. The Ck1αRNAi -induced WC defect is related to adherens junctions because loss of either β-catenin or E-cadherin significantly rescued this WC defect. In contrast, TCFRNAi does not rescue the Ck1αRNAi -induced WC defect, suggesting that Wnt signaling is not related to this defect. Direct overexpression of β-catenin recapitulates most of the features of Ck1α reduction during wounding. Finally, loss of Ck1α also blocked junctional E-cadherin reduction around the wound. Our results suggest that Ck1α and the destruction complex locally regulate cell adhesion to facilitate efficient wound repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ru Tsai
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael J Galko
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Genetics & Epigenetics Graduate Program, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Doshi A, Khamishon R, Rawson R, Duong L, Dohil L, Myers SJ, Bell B, Dohil R, Newbury RO, Barrett KE, Kurten RC, Aceves SS. Interleukin 9 Alters Epithelial Barrier and E-cadherin in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:225-231. [PMID: 30211842 PMCID: PMC6344288 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic TH2-assocated inflammatory condition accompanied by substantial impairments in epithelial barrier function and increased numbers of interleukin 9 (IL-9) expressing inflammatory cells. While IL-9 is known to affect barrier function in the intestine, the functional effects of IL-9 on the esophagus are unclear. Herein we aimed to understand the expression of the IL-9 receptor and effects of IL-9 on the epithelium in EoE. METHODS We used esophageal biopsies from pediatric EoE patients with active and inactive disease to analyze the expression of the IL-9 receptor, the adherens junction protein E-cadherin and the tight junction protein claudin-1. We treated primary human esophageal epithelial cells with IL-9 to understand its effects on E-cadherin expression and function. RESULTS Active EoE subjects had increased epithelial expression of IL-9 receptor mRNA and protein (P < 0.05) and decreased membrane bound E-cadherin (P < 0.01) and claudin-1 (P < 0.05) expression. IL-9 receptor expression and mislocalized claudin-1 positively correlated and while membrane bound E-cadherin expression negatively correlated with the degree of histologic epithelial remodeling (P < 0.05). IL-9 decreased epithelial resistance in stratified primary human esophageal epithelial cells (P < 0.01) and membrane bound E-cadherin in epithelial cell monolayers (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IL-9, its receptor, and its effects on E-cadherin may be important mechanisms for epithelial barrier disruption in EoE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashmi Doshi
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Rebecca Khamishon
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Renee Rawson
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Loan Duong
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Lucas Dohil
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Stephen J. Myers
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Braxton Bell
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Ranjan Dohil
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Robert O. Newbury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Kim E. Barrett
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| | - Richard C. Kurten
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Seema S. Aceves
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Buechner SA, Resink TJ. T-Cadherin Expression in Actinic Keratosis Transforming to Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2019; 6:12-19. [PMID: 31049318 PMCID: PMC6489029 DOI: 10.1159/000495609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Clinical and histological features of actinic keratosis (AK) cannot predict malignant transformation to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (iSCC) in individual lesions. We investigated whether patterns/distribution of T-cadherin in AK lesions have biomarker value in predicting transformation to iSCC. METHODS 28 specimens of cutaneous iSCC exhibiting adjacent or overlying AK were immunostained for T-cadherin and classified according to AK histological grade (AK I-III) and basal growth pattern (PRO I-III). RESULTS T-cadherin staining was absent/very weak in 16 and strongly positive in 12 cases. iSSCs lacking T-cadherin expression were most commonly (12/16 cases) associated with type AK I or PRO I lesions, whereas the majority (10/12 cases) of T-cadherin-positive iSCCs originated from AK II and AK III/PRO II and PRO III. In T-cadherin-negative iSCCs, T-cadherin expression was absent in overlying AK and early invasive tumour but retained in AK areas adjacent to the tumour. In contrast, T-cadherin-positive iSCCs displayed expression of T-cadherin in the adjacent AK and early invasive tumour. CONCLUSION T-cadherin-negative iSCC arises from AK showing partial or extensive regional loss of T-cadherin in the basal layer of the epidermis. We speculate that T-cadherin loss in individual AK lesions could indicate potential transformation of AK into aggressive iSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Therese J. Resink
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lay K, Yuan S, Gur-Cohen S, Miao Y, Han T, Naik S, Pasolli HA, Larsen SB, Fuchs E. Stem cells repurpose proliferation to contain a breach in their niche barrier. eLife 2018; 7:41661. [PMID: 30520726 PMCID: PMC6324878 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are responsible for life-long tissue maintenance. They reside in and interact with specialized tissue microenvironments (niches). Using murine hair follicle as a model, we show that when junctional perturbations in the niche disrupt barrier function, adjacent stem cells dramatically change their transcriptome independent of bacterial invasion and become capable of directly signaling to and recruiting immune cells. Additionally, these stem cells elevate cell cycle transcripts which reduce their quiescence threshold, enabling them to selectively proliferate within this microenvironment of immune distress cues. However, rather than mobilizing to fuel new tissue regeneration, these ectopically proliferative stem cells remain within their niche to contain the breach. Together, our findings expose a potential communication relay system that operates from the niche to the stem cells to the immune system and back. The repurposing of proliferation by these stem cells patch the breached barrier, stoke the immune response and restore niche integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lay
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Shaopeng Yuan
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Shiri Gur-Cohen
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Yuxuan Miao
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Tianxiao Han
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Shruti Naik
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Shared Resource, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Virginia, United States
| | - Samantha B Larsen
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Camacho Leal MDP, Costamagna A, Tassone B, Saoncella S, Simoni M, Natalini D, Dadone A, Sciortino M, Turco E, Defilippi P, Calautti E, Cabodi S. Conditional ablation of p130Cas/BCAR1 adaptor protein impairs epidermal homeostasis by altering cell adhesion and differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:73. [PMID: 30390666 PMCID: PMC6215608 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130CAS; also known as BCAR1) is a scaffold protein that modulates many essential cellular processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation, survival, cell migration, and intracellular signaling. p130Cas has been shown to be highly expressed in a variety of human cancers of epithelial origin. However, few data are available regarding the role of p130Cas during normal epithelial development and homeostasis. Methods To this end, we have generated a genetically modified mouse in which p130Cas protein was specifically ablated in the epidermal tissue. Results By using this murine model, we show that p130Cas loss results in increased cell proliferation and reduction of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. In addition, epidermal deletion of p130Cas protein leads to premature expression of “late” epidermal differentiation markers, altered membrane E-cadherin/catenin proteins localization and aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation of E-cadherin/catenin complexes. Interestingly, these alterations in adhesive properties in absence of p130Cas correlate with abnormalities in progenitor cells balance resulting in the amplification of a more committed cell population. Conclusion Altogether, these results provide evidence that p130Cas is an important regulator of epidermal cell fate and homeostasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0289-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Pilar Camacho Leal
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Costamagna
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Tassone
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Saoncella
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Matilde Simoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Dora Natalini
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Aurora Dadone
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Marianna Sciortino
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Enzo Calautti
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rübsam M, Broussard JA, Wickström SA, Nekrasova O, Green KJ, Niessen CM. Adherens Junctions and Desmosomes Coordinate Mechanics and Signaling to Orchestrate Tissue Morphogenesis and Function: An Evolutionary Perspective. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029207. [PMID: 28893859 PMCID: PMC6211388 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadherin-based adherens junctions (AJs) and desmosomes are crucial to couple intercellular adhesion to the actin or intermediate filament cytoskeletons, respectively. As such, these intercellular junctions are essential to provide not only integrity to epithelia and other tissues but also the mechanical machinery necessary to execute complex morphogenetic and homeostatic intercellular rearrangements. Moreover, these spatially defined junctions serve as signaling hubs that integrate mechanical and chemical pathways to coordinate tissue architecture with behavior. This review takes an evolutionary perspective on how the emergence of these two essential intercellular junctions at key points during the evolution of multicellular animals afforded metazoans with new opportunities to integrate adhesion, cytoskeletal dynamics, and signaling. We discuss known literature on cross-talk between the two junctions and, using the skin epidermis as an example, provide a model for how these two junctions function in concert to orchestrate tissue organization and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rübsam
- University of Cologne, Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) at the CECAD Research Center, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua A Broussard
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group, Skin Homeostasis and Ageing, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oxana Nekrasova
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Carien M Niessen
- University of Cologne, Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) at the CECAD Research Center, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Noethel B, Ramms L, Dreissen G, Hoffmann M, Springer R, Rübsam M, Ziegler WH, Niessen CM, Merkel R, Hoffmann B. Transition of responsive mechanosensitive elements from focal adhesions to adherens junctions on epithelial differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2317-2325. [PMID: 30044710 PMCID: PMC6249805 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin’s epidermis is a multilayered epithelial tissue and the first line of defense against mechanical stress. Its barrier function depends on an integrated assembly and reorganization of cell–matrix and cell–cell junctions in the basal layer and on different intercellular junctions in suprabasal layers. However, how mechanical stress is recognized and which adhesive and cytoskeletal components are involved are poorly understood. Here, we subjected keratinocytes to cyclic stress in the presence or absence of intercellular junctions. Both states not only recognized but also responded to strain by reorienting actin filaments perpendicular to the applied force. Using different keratinocyte mutant strains that altered the mechanical link of the actin cytoskeleton to either cell–matrix or cell–cell junctions, we show that not only focal adhesions but also adherens junctions function as mechanosensitive elements in response to cyclic strain. Loss of paxillin or talin impaired focal adhesion formation and only affected mechanosensitivity in the absence but not presence of intercellular junctions. Further analysis revealed the adherens junction protein α-catenin as a main mechanosensor, with greatest sensitivity conferred on binding to vinculin. Our data reveal a mechanosensitive transition from cell–matrix to cell–cell adhesions on formation of keratinocyte monolayers with vinculin and α-catenin as vital players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Noethel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lena Ramms
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Dreissen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco Hoffmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ronald Springer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Ziegler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-7: Biomechanics, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shafraz O, Rübsam M, Stahley SN, Caldara AL, Kowalczyk AP, Niessen CM, Sivasankar S. E-cadherin binds to desmoglein to facilitate desmosome assembly. eLife 2018; 7:37629. [PMID: 29999492 PMCID: PMC6066328 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are adhesive junctions composed of two desmosomal cadherins: desmocollin (Dsc) and desmoglein (Dsg). Previous studies demonstrate that E-cadherin (Ecad), an adhesive protein that interacts in both trans (between opposing cells) and cis (on the same cell surface) conformations, facilitates desmosome assembly via an unknown mechanism. Here we use structure-function analysis to resolve the mechanistic roles of Ecad in desmosome formation. Using AFM force measurements, we demonstrate that Ecad interacts with isoform 2 of Dsg via a conserved Leu-175 on the Ecad cis binding interface. Super-resolution imaging reveals that Ecad is enriched in nascent desmosomes, supporting a role for Ecad in early desmosome assembly. Finally, confocal imaging demonstrates that desmosome assembly is initiated at sites of Ecad mediated adhesion, and that Ecad-L175 is required for efficient Dsg2 and desmoplakin recruitment to intercellular contacts. We propose that Ecad trans interactions at nascent cell-cell contacts initiate the recruitment of Dsg through direct cis interactions with Ecad which facilitates desmosome assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Shafraz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara N Stahley
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Amber L Caldara
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjeevi Sivasankar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang L, Yang Y, Yang F, Liu S, Zhu Z, Lei Z, Guo J. Functions of EpCAM in physiological processes and diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1771-1785. [PMID: 30015855 PMCID: PMC6108866 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, which was originally identified as a tumor-associated antigen due to its high expression level in rapidly growing epithelial tumors. Germ line mutations of the human EpCAM gene have been indicated as the cause of congenital tufting enteropathy. Previous studies based on cell models have revealed that EpCAM contributes to various biological processes including cell adhesion, signaling, migration and proliferation. Due to the previous lack of genetic animal models, the in vivo functions of EpCAM remain largely unknown. However, EpCAM genetic animal models have recently been generated, and are useful for understanding the functions of EpCAM. The authors here briefly review the functions and mechanisms of EpCAM in physiological processes and different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ziqin Zhu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hsu CY, Lecland N, Pendaries V, Viodé C, Redoulès D, Paul C, Merdes A, Simon M, Bierkamp C. Stabilization of microtubules restores barrier function after cytokine-induced defects in reconstructed human epidermis. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:87-96. [PMID: 29691121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of human skin disorders is characterized by defects in the epidermal barrier, leading to dehydration, itchiness, and rashes. Previously published literature suggests that microtubule stabilization at the cortex of differentiating keratinocytes is necessary for the formation of the epidermal barrier. OBJECTIVES We tested whether stabilization of microtubules with paclitaxel or epothilone B can repair barrier defects that were experimentally induced in three-dimensional culture models of epidermis. METHODS We established two models of defective epidermis in vitro, using three-dimensional cultures of primary human keratinocytes on filter supports: immature reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), and RHE that was compromised by treatment with inflammatory cytokines, the latter mimicking defects seen in atopic dermatitis. RESULTS Both paclitaxel and epothilone B promoted keratinocyte differentiation, accumulation of junctional proteins at the cell cortex, and the early appearance of lamellar bodies in immature RHE, whereas destabilization of microtubules by nocodazole had the reverse effect. Moreover, stabilization of microtubules rescued the barrier after cytokine treatment. The rescued barrier function correlated with the restoration of filaggrin and loricrin protein levels, the cortical accumulation of junctional proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin, and claudin-1), and with the secretion of lamellar bodies. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the microtubule network is important for the formation of the epidermis, and that stabilization of microtubules promotes barrier formation. Microtubule stabilization may support regeneration of damaged skin, by restoring or improving the barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yueh Hsu
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Lecland
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Pendaries
- INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier U1056, UDEAR, CHU Purpan, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Viodé
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Redoulès
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, 3 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Carle Paul
- INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier U1056, UDEAR, CHU Purpan, 31059, Toulouse, France; Dermatologie, Hôpital Larrey, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Andreas Merdes
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Simon
- INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier U1056, UDEAR, CHU Purpan, 31059, Toulouse, France.
| | - Christiane Bierkamp
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Garcia MA, Nelson WJ, Chavez N. Cell-Cell Junctions Organize Structural and Signaling Networks. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029181. [PMID: 28600395 PMCID: PMC5773398 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions link cells to each other in tissues, and regulate tissue homeostasis in critical cell processes that include tissue barrier function, cell proliferation, and migration. Defects in cell-cell junctions give rise to a wide range of tissue abnormalities that disrupt homeostasis and are common in genetic abnormalities and cancers. Here, we discuss the organization and function of cell-cell junctions primarily involved in adhesion (tight junction, adherens junction, and desmosomes) in two different epithelial tissues: a simple epithelium (intestine) and a stratified epithelium (epidermis). Studies in these tissues reveal similarities and differences in the organization and functions of different cell-cell junctions that meet the requirements for the specialized functions of each tissue. We discuss cell-cell junction responses to genetic and environmental perturbations that provide further insights into their roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Garcia
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Natalie Chavez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang X, Chung JY, Rai U, Esumi N. Cadherins in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) revisited: P-cadherin is the highly dominant cadherin expressed in human and mouse RPE in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191279. [PMID: 29338041 PMCID: PMC5770047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) supports the health and function of retinal photoreceptors and is essential for normal vision. RPE cells are post-mitotic, terminally differentiated, and polarized epithelial cells. In pathological conditions, however, they lose their epithelial integrity, become dysfunctional, even dedifferentiate, and ultimately die. The integrity of epithelial cells is maintained, in part, by adherens junctions, which are composed of cadherin homodimers and p120-, β-, and α-catenins linking to actin filaments. While E-cadherin is the major cadherin for forming the epithelial phenotype in most epithelial cell types, it has been reported that cadherin expression in RPE cells is different from other epithelial cells based on results with cultured RPE cells. In this study, we revisited the expression of cadherins in the RPE to clarify their relative contribution by measuring the absolute quantity of cDNAs produced from mRNAs of three classical cadherins (E-, N-, and P-cadherins) in the RPE in vivo. We found that P-cadherin (CDH3) is highly dominant in both mouse and human RPE in situ. The degree of dominance of P-cadherin is surprisingly large, with mouse Cdh3 and human CDH3 accounting for 82-85% and 92-93% of the total of the three cadherin mRNAs, respectively. We confirmed the expression of P-cadherin protein at the cell-cell border of mouse RPE in situ by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we found that oxidative stress induces dissociation of P-cadherin and β-catenin from the cell membrane and subsequent translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus, resulting in activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This is the first report of absolute comparison of the expression of three cadherins in the RPE, and the results suggest that the physiological role of P-cadherin in the RPE needs to be reevaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jin-Yong Chung
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Usha Rai
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noriko Esumi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lough KJ, Byrd KM, Spitzer DC, Williams SE. Closing the Gap: Mouse Models to Study Adhesion in Secondary Palatogenesis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1210-1220. [PMID: 28817360 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517726284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary palatogenesis occurs when the bilateral palatal shelves (PS), arising from maxillary prominences, fuse at the midline, forming the hard and soft palate. This embryonic phenomenon involves a complex array of morphogenetic events that require coordinated proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and adhesion in the PS epithelia and underlying mesenchyme. When the delicate process of craniofacial morphogenesis is disrupted, the result is orofacial clefting, including cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/P). Through human genetic and animal studies, there are now hundreds of known genetic alternations associated with orofacial clefts; so, it is not surprising that CL/P is among the most common of all birth defects. In recent years, in vitro cell-based assays, ex vivo palate cultures, and genetically engineered animal models have advanced our understanding of the developmental and cell biological pathways that contribute to palate closure. This is particularly true for the areas of PS patterning and growth as well as medial epithelial seam dissolution during palatal fusion. Here, we focus on epithelial cell-cell adhesion, a critical but understudied process in secondary palatogenesis, and provide a review of the available tools and mouse models to better understand this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Lough
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K M Byrd
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D C Spitzer
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Williams
- 1 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Crawford M, Dagnino L. Scaffolding proteins in the development and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1341969. [PMID: 28665776 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1341969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of mammals and other terrestrial vertebrates protects the organism against the external environment, preventing heat, water and electrolyte loss, as well as entry of chemicals and pathogens. Impairments in the epidermal permeability barrier function are associated with the genesis and/or progression of a variety of pathological conditions, including genetic inflammatory diseases, microbial and viral infections, and photodamage induced by UV radiation. In mammals, the outside-in epidermal permeability barrier is provided by the joint action of the outermost cornified layer, together with assembled tight junctions in granular keratinocytes found in the layers underneath. Tight junctions serve as both outside-in and inside-out barriers, and impede paracellular movements of ions, water, macromolecules and microorganisms. At the molecular level, tight junctions consist of integral membrane proteins that form an extracellular seal between adjacent cells, and associate with cytoplasmic scaffold proteins that serve as links with the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we address the roles that scaffold proteins play specifically in the establishment and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier, and how various pathologies alter or impair their functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Crawford
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dor-On E, Raviv S, Cohen Y, Adir O, Padmanabhan K, Luxenburg C. T-plastin is essential for basement membrane assembly and epidermal morphogenesis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/481/eaal3154. [PMID: 28559444 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of epithelial architecture is a complex process involving cross-talk between cells and the basement membrane. Basement membrane assembly requires integrin activity but the role of the associated actomyosin cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Here, we identify the actin-bundling protein T-plastin (Pls3) as a regulator of basement membrane assembly and epidermal morphogenesis. In utero depletion of Pls3 transcripts in mouse embryos caused basement membrane and polarity defects in the epidermis but had little effect on cell adhesion and differentiation. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that the apicobasal polarity defects were secondary to the disruption of the basement membrane. However, the basement membrane itself was profoundly sensitive to subtle perturbations in the actin cytoskeleton. We further show that Pls3 localized to the cell cortex, where it was essential for the localization and activation of myosin II. Inhibition of myosin II motor activity disrupted basement membrane organization. Our results provide insights into the regulation of cortical actomyosin and its importance for basement membrane assembly and skin morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Dor-On
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shaul Raviv
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yonatan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mescher M, Jeong P, Knapp SK, Rübsam M, Saynisch M, Kranen M, Landsberg J, Schlaak M, Mauch C, Tüting T, Niessen CM, Iden S. The epidermal polarity protein Par3 is a non-cell autonomous suppressor of malignant melanoma. J Exp Med 2017; 214:339-358. [PMID: 28096290 PMCID: PMC5294851 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mescher et al. uncover a novel tissue-borne tumor suppression mechanism, engaging polarity proteins in the epithelial microenvironment that prevent malignant outgrowth of neighboring cell types through control of heterologous cell–cell contacts. Moreover, their data support an emerging role of P-cadherin, which is frequently amplified in human carcinoma, as a protumorigenic and proinvasive adhesion molecule, thus placing it as a promising druggable target to disrupt tumor–microenvironment interactions for anticancer therapy. Melanoma, an aggressive skin malignancy with increasing lifetime risk, originates from melanocytes (MCs) that are in close contact with surrounding epidermal keratinocytes (KCs). How the epidermal microenvironment controls melanomagenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we identify an unexpected non–cell autonomous role of epidermal polarity proteins, molecular determinants of cytoarchitecture, in malignant melanoma. Epidermal Par3 inactivation in mice promotes MC dedifferentiation, motility, and hyperplasia and, in an autochthonous melanoma model, results in increased tumor formation and lung metastasis. KC-specific Par3 loss up-regulates surface P-cadherin that is essential to promote MC proliferation and phenotypic switch toward dedifferentiation. In agreement, low epidermal PAR3 and high P-cadherin expression correlate with human melanoma progression, whereas elevated P-cadherin levels are associated with reduced survival of melanoma patients, implying that this mechanism also drives human disease. Collectively, our data show that reduced KC Par3 function fosters a permissive P-cadherin–dependent niche for MC transformation, invasion, and metastasis. This reveals a previously unrecognized extrinsic tumor-suppressive mechanism, whereby epithelial polarity proteins dictate the cytoarchitecture and fate of other tissue-resident cells to suppress their malignant outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mescher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Jeong
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Sina K Knapp
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Michael Saynisch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Marina Kranen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schlaak
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Role of thymosin beta 4 in hair growth. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1639-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
35
|
The role of barrier genes in epidermal malignancy. Oncogene 2016; 35:5705-5712. [PMID: 27041586 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The outermost layer of the mammalian skin, the epidermis, forms a protective barrier against pathogenic microbes and tissue dehydration. This barrier is formed and maintained by complex genetic networks that connect cellular differentiation processes, enzymatic activities and cellular junctions. Disruption in these networks affects the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation resulting in barrier function impairment, epidermal hyperproliferation and in some cases, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Recent studies in wound-induced inflammation-mediated cancers in mice have identified dysregulation of core barrier components as tumor drivers. We therefore propose a hypothesis in which loss of key barrier genes, induce barrier dysfunction, and promote inflammation-driven epidermal hyperplasia and carcinogenesis over time. This emerging vision suggests that under specific genetic circumstances, localized barrier impairment could be considered as a hallmark of initiating lesions in epidermal SCC.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tuncay H, Ebnet K. Cell adhesion molecule control of planar spindle orientation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1195-207. [PMID: 26698907 PMCID: PMC11108431 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polarized epithelial cells align the mitotic spindle in the plane of the sheet to maintain tissue integrity and to prevent malignant transformation. The orientation of the spindle apparatus is regulated by the immobilization of the astral microtubules at the lateral cortex and depends on the precise localization of the dynein-dynactin motor protein complex which captures microtubule plus ends and generates pulling forces towards the centrosomes. Recent developments indicate that signals derived from intercellular junctions are required for the stable interaction of the dynein-dynactin complex with the cortex. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate planar spindle orientation in polarized epithelial cells and we illustrate how different cell adhesion molecules through distinct and non-overlapping mechanisms instruct the cells to align the mitotic spindle in the plane of the sheet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Tuncay
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, 48419, Muenster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Epigenetic Regulation of Epidermal Stem Cell Biomarkers and Their Role in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010016. [PMID: 26712738 PMCID: PMC4730263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an actively renewable tissue, changes in skin architecture are subjected to the regulation of stem cells that maintain the population of cells responsible for the formation of epidermal layers. Stems cells retain their self-renewal property and express biomarkers that are unique to this population. However, differential regulation of the biomarkers can initiate the pathway of terminal cell differentiation. Although, pockets of non-clarity in stem cell maintenance and differentiation in skin still exist, the influence of epigenetics in epidermal stem cell functions and differentiation in skin homeostasis and wound healing is clearly evident. The focus of this review is to discuss the epigenetic regulation of confirmed and probable epidermal stem cell biomarkers in epidermal stratification of normal skin and in diseased states. The role of epigenetics in wound healing, especially in diseased states of diabetes and cancer, will also be conveyed.
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhong S, Sun N, Liu H, Niu Y, Chen C, Wu Y. Topical tranexamic acid improves the permeability barrier in rosacea. DERMATOL SIN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
39
|
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesions are necessary for structural integrity and barrier formation of the epidermis. Here, we discuss insights from genetic and cell biological studies into the roles of individual cell-cell junctions and their composite proteins in regulating epidermal development and function. In addition to individual adhesive functions, we will discuss emerging ideas on mechanosensation/transduction of junctions in the epidermis, noncanonical roles for adhesion proteins, and crosstalk/interdependencies between the junctional systems. These studies have revealed that cell adhesion proteins are connected to many aspects of tissue physiology including growth control, differentiation, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaelyn D Sumigray
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Epidermal cell junctions and their regulation by p63 in health and disease. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:513-28. [PMID: 25645146 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the outermost tissue of the body, the epidermis is the first physical barrier for any pressure, stress or trauma. Several specialized cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion structures, together with an intracellular network of dedicated intermediate filaments, are required to confer critical resilience to mechanical stress. The transcription factor p63 is a master regulator of gene expression in the epidermis and in other stratified epithelia. It has been extensively demonstrated that p63 positively controls a large number of tissue-specific genes, including those encoding a large fraction of tissue-restricted cell adhesion molecules. Consistent with p63 functions in cell adhesion and in epidermal differentiation, heterozygous mutations clustered mainly in the p63 C-terminus are causative of AEC syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cleft palate, ankyloblepharon and ectodermal dysplasia associated with severe skin erosions, bleeding and infections. The molecular basis of skin erosions in AEC patients is not fully understood, although defects in desmosomes and in other cell junctions are likely to be involved. Here, we provide an extensive review of the different epidermal cell junctions that cooperate to withstand mechanical stress and on the mechanisms by which p63 regulates gene expression of their components in healthy skin and in AEC syndrome. Collectively, advancement in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which epidermal cell junctions precisely exert their functions and how p63 orchestrates their coordinated expression, will ultimately lead to insight into developing future strategies for the treatment of AEC syndrome and more in generally for diseases that share an overlapping phenotype.
Collapse
|
41
|
Mollo MR, Antonini D, Mitchell K, Fortugno P, Costanzo A, Dixon J, Brancati F, Missero C. p63-dependent and independent mechanisms of nectin-1 and nectin-4 regulation in the epidermis. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:114-9. [PMID: 25387952 PMCID: PMC4329386 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nectins are immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules mainly localized in adherens junctions. The transcription factor p63 is a master regulator of gene expression in stratified epithelia and controls several molecular processes. As mutations in the Pvrl1 and Pvrl4 genes encoding for nectins cause genetic disorders with phenotypes similar to p63-related syndromes, we investigated whether these proteins might be under p63 transcriptional control. Here, we show that in p63-null skin, Pvrl1 gene expression is strongly reduced, whereas Pvrl4 expression is unaffected. In human and mouse primary keratinocytes p63 depletion leads to a specific downregulation of the Pvrl1 gene. Consistent with a direct regulation, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments (ChIP) indicate that p63 binds to two conserved intronic Pvrl1 enhancer regions. Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, caused by mutations in p63 gene, mainly characterized by skin fragility. To test whether nectins may be affected in AEC syndrome, their expression was measured in keratinocytes obtained from patients with AEC or from a conditional mouse model for AEC syndrome. Pvrl1 expression was reduced in AEC keratinocytes, consistent with impaired p63 function. Surprisingly, Pvrl4 expression was similarly affected, in parallel with decreased expression of the transcription factor Irf6. Consistent with the well-characterized role of Irf6 in keratinocyte differentiation and its strong downregulation in AEC syndrome, Irf6 depletion caused reduced expression of Pvrl4 in wild-type keratinocytes. Taken together, our results indicate that Pvrl1 is a bona fide target gene of the transcription factor p63, whereas Pvrl4 regulation is linked to epidermal differentiation and is under Irf6 control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Mollo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie AvanzateNapoli, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico IINapoli, Italy
| | | | - Karen Mitchell
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Paola Fortugno
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRome, Italy
| | - Antonio Costanzo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Jill Dixon
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Aging Research Center, Gabriele d'Annunzio UniversityChieti, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University HospitalRome, Italy
| | - Caterina Missero
- CEINGE Biotecnologie AvanzateNapoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico IINapoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schneider MR, Kolligs FT. E-cadherin's role in development, tissue homeostasis and disease: Insights from mouse models: Tissue-specific inactivation of the adhesion protein E-cadherin in mice reveals its functions in health and disease. Bioessays 2014; 37:294-304. [PMID: 25449798 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies uncovered critical roles of the adhesion protein E-cadherin in health and disease. Global inactivation of Cdh1, the gene encoding E-cadherin in mice, results in early embryonic lethality due to an inability to form the trophectodermal epithelium. To unravel E-cadherin's functions beyond development, numerous mouse lines with tissue-specific disruption of Cdh1 have been generated. The consequences of E-cadherin loss showed great variability depending on the tissue in question, ranging from nearly undetectable changes to a complete loss of tissue structure and function. This review focuses on these studies and discusses how they provided important insights into E-cadherin's role in cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and its consequences for biological processes as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, vascularization, and carcinogenesis. Lastly, we present some perspectives and possible approaches for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tatari MN, De Craene B, Soen B, Taminau J, Vermassen P, Goossens S, Haigh K, Cazzola S, Lambert J, Huylebroeck D, Haigh JJ, Berx G. ZEB2-transgene expression in the epidermis compromises the integrity of the epidermal barrier through the repression of different tight junction proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3599-609. [PMID: 24573695 PMCID: PMC11113794 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial homeostasis within the epidermis is maintained by means of multiple cell-cell adhesion complexes such as adherens junctions, tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes. These complexes co-operate in the formation and the regulation of the epidermal barrier. Disruption of the epidermal barrier through the deregulation of the above complexes is the cause behind a number of skin disorders such as psoriasis, dermatitis, keratosis, and others. During epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cells lose their adhesive capacities and gain mesenchymal properties. ZEB transcription factors are key inducers of EMT. In order to gain a better understanding of the functional role of ZEB2 in epidermal homeostasis, we generated a mouse model with conditional overexpression of Zeb2 in the epidermis. Our analysis revealed that Zeb2 expression in the epidermis leads to hyperproliferation due to the combined downregulation of different tight junction proteins compromising the epidermal barrier. Using two epidermis-specific in vivo models and in vitro promoter assays, we identified occludin as a new Zeb2 target gene. Immunohistological analysis performed on human skin biopsies covering various pathogeneses revealed ZEB2 expression in the epidermis of pemphigus vulgaris. Collectively, our data support the notion for a potential role of ZEB2 in intracellular signaling of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianthi N. Tatari
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram De Craene
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bieke Soen
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Taminau
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Vermassen
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Unit of Vascular Cell Biology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katharina Haigh
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Unit of Vascular Cell Biology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Cazzola
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit Embryo and Stem Cells, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Lambert
- Department of Dermatology 2K4, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit Embryo and Stem Cells, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jody J. Haigh
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Unit of Vascular Cell Biology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Berx
- Unit of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
An exciting frontier in biology is understanding the functions of basic cell biological machinery in complex tissues. This approach is expected to uncover novel modes of regulation as well as reveal how core machinery is repurposed by different tissues to accomplish different physiological outputs. F-actin plays roles in cell shape, adhesion, migration and signaling – diverse functions that require a specific organization established by a myriad of regulators. Here, we discuss the role of the actin nucleating Arp2/3 complex and the unexpected roles that it plays in a stratified epithelial tissue, the epidermis. While many expected phenotypes such as defects in architecture and cell adhesion were lacking, loss of the Arp2/3 complex activity resulted in epidermal barrier and differentiation defects. This teaches us that, while informative, cell culture approaches are limiting and that studies of the Arp2/3 complex in diverse tissues are expected to yield many more surprises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lechler
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University ; Durham, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen A, Beetham H, Black MA, Priya R, Telford BJ, Guest J, Wiggins GAR, Godwin TD, Yap AS, Guilford PJ. E-cadherin loss alters cytoskeletal organization and adhesion in non-malignant breast cells but is insufficient to induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BMC Cancer 2014. [PMID: 25079037 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-552%2010.1186/1471-2407-14-552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cadherin is an adherens junction protein that forms homophilic intercellular contacts in epithelial cells while also interacting with the intracellular cytoskeletal networks. It has roles including establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, differentiation, migration and signalling in cell proliferation pathways. Its downregulation is commonly observed in epithelial tumours and is a hallmark of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS To improve our understanding of how E-cadherin loss contributes to tumorigenicity, we investigated the impact of its elimination from the non-tumorigenic breast cell line MCF10A. We performed cell-based assays and whole genome RNAseq to characterize an isogenic MCF10A cell line that is devoid of CDH1 expression due to an engineered homozygous 4 bp deletion in CDH1 exon 11. RESULTS The E-cadherin-deficient line, MCF10A CDH1-/- showed subtle morphological changes, weaker cell-substrate adhesion, delayed migration, but retained cell-cell contact, contact growth inhibition and anchorage-dependent growth. Within the cytoskeleton, the apical microtubule network in the CDH1-deficient cells lacked the radial pattern of organization present in the MCF10A cells and F-actin formed thicker, more numerous stress fibres in the basal part of the cell. Whole genome RNAseq identified compensatory changes in the genes involved in cell-cell adhesion while genes involved in cell-substrate adhesion, notably ITGA1, COL8A1, COL4A2 and COL12A1, were significantly downregulated. Key EMT markers including CDH2, FN1, VIM and VTN were not upregulated although increased expression of proteolytic matrix metalloprotease and kallikrein genes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results demonstrated that E-cadherin loss alone was insufficient to induce an EMT or enhance transforming potential in the non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells but was associated with broad transcriptional changes associated with tissue remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Parry J Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen A, Beetham H, Black MA, Priya R, Telford BJ, Guest J, Wiggins GAR, Godwin TD, Yap AS, Guilford PJ. E-cadherin loss alters cytoskeletal organization and adhesion in non-malignant breast cells but is insufficient to induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:552. [PMID: 25079037 PMCID: PMC4131020 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background E-cadherin is an adherens junction protein that forms homophilic intercellular contacts in epithelial cells while also interacting with the intracellular cytoskeletal networks. It has roles including establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, differentiation, migration and signalling in cell proliferation pathways. Its downregulation is commonly observed in epithelial tumours and is a hallmark of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods To improve our understanding of how E-cadherin loss contributes to tumorigenicity, we investigated the impact of its elimination from the non-tumorigenic breast cell line MCF10A. We performed cell-based assays and whole genome RNAseq to characterize an isogenic MCF10A cell line that is devoid of CDH1 expression due to an engineered homozygous 4 bp deletion in CDH1 exon 11. Results The E-cadherin-deficient line, MCF10A CDH1-/- showed subtle morphological changes, weaker cell-substrate adhesion, delayed migration, but retained cell-cell contact, contact growth inhibition and anchorage-dependent growth. Within the cytoskeleton, the apical microtubule network in the CDH1-deficient cells lacked the radial pattern of organization present in the MCF10A cells and F-actin formed thicker, more numerous stress fibres in the basal part of the cell. Whole genome RNAseq identified compensatory changes in the genes involved in cell-cell adhesion while genes involved in cell-substrate adhesion, notably ITGA1, COL8A1, COL4A2 and COL12A1, were significantly downregulated. Key EMT markers including CDH2, FN1, VIM and VTN were not upregulated although increased expression of proteolytic matrix metalloprotease and kallikrein genes was observed. Conclusions Overall, our results demonstrated that E-cadherin loss alone was insufficient to induce an EMT or enhance transforming potential in the non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells but was associated with broad transcriptional changes associated with tissue remodelling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-552) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Parry J Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen A, Beetham H, Black MA, Priya R, Telford BJ, Guest J, Wiggins GAR, Godwin TD, Yap AS, Guilford PJ. E-cadherin loss alters cytoskeletal organization and adhesion in non-malignant breast cells but is insufficient to induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BMC Cancer 2014. [PMID: 25079037 PMCID: PMC4131020 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-552 10.1186/1471-2407-14-552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cadherin is an adherens junction protein that forms homophilic intercellular contacts in epithelial cells while also interacting with the intracellular cytoskeletal networks. It has roles including establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, differentiation, migration and signalling in cell proliferation pathways. Its downregulation is commonly observed in epithelial tumours and is a hallmark of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS To improve our understanding of how E-cadherin loss contributes to tumorigenicity, we investigated the impact of its elimination from the non-tumorigenic breast cell line MCF10A. We performed cell-based assays and whole genome RNAseq to characterize an isogenic MCF10A cell line that is devoid of CDH1 expression due to an engineered homozygous 4 bp deletion in CDH1 exon 11. RESULTS The E-cadherin-deficient line, MCF10A CDH1-/- showed subtle morphological changes, weaker cell-substrate adhesion, delayed migration, but retained cell-cell contact, contact growth inhibition and anchorage-dependent growth. Within the cytoskeleton, the apical microtubule network in the CDH1-deficient cells lacked the radial pattern of organization present in the MCF10A cells and F-actin formed thicker, more numerous stress fibres in the basal part of the cell. Whole genome RNAseq identified compensatory changes in the genes involved in cell-cell adhesion while genes involved in cell-substrate adhesion, notably ITGA1, COL8A1, COL4A2 and COL12A1, were significantly downregulated. Key EMT markers including CDH2, FN1, VIM and VTN were not upregulated although increased expression of proteolytic matrix metalloprotease and kallikrein genes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results demonstrated that E-cadherin loss alone was insufficient to induce an EMT or enhance transforming potential in the non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells but was associated with broad transcriptional changes associated with tissue remodelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Chen
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Henry Beetham
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Bryony J Telford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Joanne Guest
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - George A R Wiggins
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Tanis D Godwin
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072 Australia
| | - Parry J Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gay DL, Yang CC, Plikus MV, Ito M, Rivera C, Treffeisen E, Doherty L, Spata M, Millar SE, Cotsarelis G. CD133 expression correlates with membrane beta-catenin and E-cadherin loss from human hair follicle placodes during morphogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:45-55. [PMID: 25010141 PMCID: PMC4465595 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies suggest that the major events of human hair follicle development are similar to those in mice, but detailed analyses of this process are lacking. In mice, hair follicle placode ‘budding’ is initiated by invagination of Wnt-induced epithelium into the underlying mesenchyme. Modification of adherens junctions is clearly required for budding. Snail-mediated downregulation of adherens junction component E-cadherin is important for placode budding in mice. Beta-catenin, another adherens junction component, has been more difficult to study due to its essential functions in Wnt signaling, a prerequisite for hair follicle placode induction. Here, we show that a subset of human invaginating hair placode cells expresses the stem cell marker CD133 during early morphogenesis. CD133 associates with membrane beta-catenin in early placodes and its continued expression correlates with loss of beta-catenin and E-cadherin from the cell membrane at a time when E-cadherin transcriptional repressors Snail and Slug are not implicated. Stabilization of CD133 via anti-CD133 antibody treatment of human fetal scalp explants depresses beta-catenin and E-cadherin membrane localization. We discuss this unique correlation and suggest a hypothetical model whereby CD133 promotes morphogenesis in early hair follicle placodes through the localized removal of membrane beta-catenin proteins and subsequent adherens junction dissolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Gay
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chao-Chun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charlotte Rivera
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elsa Treffeisen
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Doherty
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle Spata
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Shahbazi MN, Megias D, Epifano C, Akhmanova A, Gundersen GG, Fuchs E, Perez-Moreno M. CLASP2 interacts with p120-catenin and governs microtubule dynamics at adherens junctions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 203:1043-61. [PMID: 24368809 PMCID: PMC3871427 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201306019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule plus end–binding protein CLASP2 localizes to adherens junctions via direct interaction with p120-catenin and is required for adherens junction stability. Classical cadherins and their connections with microtubules (MTs) are emerging as important determinants of cell adhesion. However, the functional relevance of such interactions and the molecular players that contribute to tissue architecture are still emerging. In this paper, we report that the MT plus end–binding protein CLASP2 localizes to adherens junctions (AJs) via direct interaction with p120-catenin (p120) in primary basal mouse keratinocytes. Reductions in the levels of p120 or CLASP2 decreased the localization of the other protein to cell–cell contacts and altered AJ dynamics and stability. These features were accompanied by decreased MT density and altered MT dynamics at intercellular junction sites. Interestingly, CLASP2 was enriched at the cortex of basal progenitor keratinocytes, in close localization to p120. Our findings suggest the existence of a new mechanism of MT targeting to AJs with potential functional implications in the maintenance of proper cell–cell adhesion in epidermal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, BBVA (Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria) Foundation-CNIO (Spanish National Cancer Research Center) Cancer Cell Biology Program; and 2 Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Program; CNIO, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|