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Swanstrom AE, Gorelick RJ, Welker JL, Schmidt F, Lu B, Wang K, Rowe W, Breed MW, Killoran KE, Kramer JA, Donohue D, Roser JD, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T, Pyle C, Thomas JA, Trubey CM, Zheng J, Blair W, Yant SR, Lifson JD, Del Prete GQ. Long-acting lenacapavir protects macaques against intravenous challenge with simian-tropic HIV. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104764. [PMID: 37625266 PMCID: PMC10470178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-acting subcutaneous lenacapavir (LEN), a first-in-class HIV capsid inhibitor approved by the US FDA for the treatment of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 with twice yearly dosing, is under investigation for HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We previously derived a simian-tropic HIV-1 clone (stHIV-A19) that encodes an HIV-1 capsid and replicates to high titres in pigtail macaques (PTM), resulting in a nonhuman primate model well-suited for evaluating LEN PrEP in vivo. METHODS Lenacapavir potency against stHIV-A19 in PTM peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro was determined and subcutaneous LEN pharmacokinetics were evaluated in naïve PTMs in vivo. To evaluate the protective efficacy of LEN PrEP, naïve PTMs received either a single subcutaneous injection of LEN (25 mg/kg, N = 3) or vehicle (N = 4) 30 days before a high-dose intravenous challenge with stHIV-A19, or 7 daily subcutaneous injections of a 3-drug control PrEP regimen starting 3 days before stHIV-A19 challenge (N = 3). FINDINGS In vitro, LEN showed potent antiviral activity against stHIV-A19, comparable to its potency against HIV-1. In vivo, subcutaneous LEN displayed sustained plasma drug exposures in PTMs. Following stHIV-A19 challenge, while all vehicle control animals became productively infected, all LEN and 3-drug control PrEP animals were protected from infection. INTERPRETATION These findings highlight the utility of the stHIV-A19/PTM model and support the clinical development of long-acting LEN for PrEP in humans. FUNDING Gilead Sciences as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Gilead Sciences and Frederick National Lab; federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. 75N91019D00024/HHSN261201500003I; NIH grant R01AI078788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Swanstrom
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jorden L Welker
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Schmidt
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bing Lu
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew W Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristin E Killoran
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joshua A Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Duncan Donohue
- DMS Applies Information Management Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - James D Roser
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cathi Pyle
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - James A Thomas
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Charles M Trubey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jim Zheng
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Q Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
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2
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Lu Y, Pang W, Zhang MD, Song JH, Shen F, He WQ, Zheng YT. A Novel Vpu Adaptive Mutation of HIV-1 Degrades Tetherin in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaques (Macaca leonina) Mainly via the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Increases Viral Release. J Virol 2023; 97:e0020023. [PMID: 36971578 PMCID: PMC10134834 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00200-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetherin prevents viral cross-species transmission by inhibiting the release of multiple enveloped viruses from infected cells. With the evolution of simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz), a pandemic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) precursor, its Vpu protein can antagonize human tetherin (hTetherin). Macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaque [NPM]) is susceptible to HIV-1, but host-specific restriction factors limit virus replication in vivo. In this study, we isolated the virus from NPMs infected with strain stHIV-1sv (with a macaque-adapted HIV-1 env gene from simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV-KB9, a vif gene replaced by SIVmac239, and other genes originating from HIV-1NL4.3) and found that a single acidic amino acid substitution (G53D) in Vpu could increase its ability to degrade the tetherin of macaques (mTetherin) mainly through the proteasome pathway, resulting in an enhanced release and resistance to interferon inhibition of the mutant stHIV-1sv strain, with no influence on the other functions of Vpu. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 has obvious host specificity, which has greatly hindered the construction of animal models and severely restricted the development of HIV-1 vaccines and drugs. To overcome this barrier, we attempted to isolate the virus from NPMs infected with stHIV-1sv, search for a strain with an adaptive mutation in NPMs, and develop a more appropriate nonhuman primate model of HIV-1. This is the first report identifying HIV-1 adaptations in NPMs. It suggests that while tetherin may limit HIV-1 cross-species transmission, the Vpu protein in HIV-1 can overcome this species barrier through adaptive mutation, increasing viral replication in the new host. This finding will be beneficial to building an appropriate animal model for HIV-1 infection and promoting the development of HIV-1 vaccines and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Man-Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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3
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Samsel J, Boswell KL, Watkins T, Ambrozak DR, Mason R, Yamamoto T, Ko S, Yang Y, Zhou T, Doria-Rose NA, Foulds KE, Roederer M, Mascola JR, Kwong PD, Gama L, Koup RA. Rhesus macaque Bcl-6/Bcl-xL B cell immortalization: Discovery of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies from lymph node. J Immunol Methods 2023; 516:113445. [PMID: 36848985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Many HIV-1 vaccines are designed to elicit neutralizing antibodies, and pre-clinical testing is often carried out in rhesus macaques (RMs). We have therefore adapted a method of B cell immortalization for use with RM B cells. In this system, RM B cells are activated with CD40 ligand and RM IL-21 before transduction with a retroviral vector encoding Bcl-6, Bcl-xL, and green fluorescent protein. Importantly, RM B cells from lymph nodes are more effectively immortalized by this method than B cells from PBMC, a difference not seen in humans. We suggest the discrepancy between these two tissues is due to increased expression of CD40 on RM lymph node B cells. Immortalized RM B cells expand long-term, undergo minimal somatic hypermutation, express surface B cell receptor, and secrete antibodies into culture. This allows for the identification of cells based on antigen specificity and/or functional assays. Here, we show the characterization of this system and its application for the isolation of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies from a SHIV.CH505-infected animal, both with and without antigen probe. Taken together, we show that Bcl-6/xL immortalization is a valuable and flexible tool for antibody discovery in RMs, but with important distinctions from application of the system in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Samsel
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Timothy Watkins
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - David R Ambrozak
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie Mason
- ImmunoTechnology Section, VRC; Humoral Immunology Section, VRC
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucio Gama
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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4
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Liu Z, Julius P, Kang G, West JT, Wood C. Subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs throughout the body in ART-suppressed individuals. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162604. [PMID: 36278485 PMCID: PMC9714794 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtype B HIV-1 reservoirs have been intensively investigated, but reservoirs in other subtypes and how they respond to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is substantially less established. To characterize subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs, we implemented postmortem frozen, as well as formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sampling of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. HIV-1 LTR, gag, envelope (env) DNA and RNA was quantified using genomic DNA and RNA extracted from frozen tissues. RNAscope was used to localize subtype C HIV-1 DNA and RNA in FFPE tissue. Despite uniform viral load suppression in our cohort, PCR results showed that subtype C HIV-1 proviral copies vary both in magnitude and tissue distribution, with detection primarily in secondary lymphoid tissues. Interestingly, the appendix harbored proviruses in all subjects. Unlike subtype B, subtype C provirus was rarely detectable in the CNS, and there was no detectable HIV-1 RNA. HIV-1 RNA was detected in peripheral lymphoid tissues of 6 out of 8 ART-suppressed cases. In addition to active HIV-1 expression in lymphoid tissues, RNAscope revealed HIV RNA detection in CD4-expressing cells in the appendix, suggesting that this tissue was a previously unreported potential treatment-resistant reservoir for subtype C HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Peter Julius
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Guobin Kang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - John T. West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles Wood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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5
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Apetrei C, Marx PA, Mellors JW, Pandrea I. The COVID misinfodemic: not new, never more lethal. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:948-958. [PMID: 35945120 PMCID: PMC9356696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
'Infodemia' is a portmanteau between 'information' and 'epidemics', referring to wide and rapid accumulation and dissemination of information, misinformation, and disinformation about a given subject, such as a disease. As facts, rumors and fears mix and disperse, the misinfodemic creates loud background noise, preventing the general public from discerning between accurate and false information. We compared and contrasted key elements of the AIDS and COVID-19 misinfodemics, to identify common features, and, based on experience with the AIDS pandemic, recommend actions to control and reverse the SARS-CoV-2 misinfodemic that contributed to erode the trust between the public and scientists and governments and has created barriers to control of COVID-19. As pandemics emerge and evolve, providing robust responses to future misinfodemics must be a priority for society and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Apetrei
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Preston A Marx
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - John W Mellors
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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6
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Ode H, Saito A, Washizaki A, Seki Y, Yoshida T, Harada S, Ishii H, Shioda T, Yasutomi Y, Matano T, Miura T, Akari H, Iwatani Y. Development of a novel Macaque-Tropic HIV-1 adapted to cynomolgus macaques. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36205476 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaque-tropic HIV-1 (HIV-1mt) variants have been developed to establish preferable primate models that are advantageous in understanding HIV-1 infection pathogenesis and in assessing the preclinical efficacy of novel prevention/treatment strategies. We previously reported that a CXCR4-tropic HIV-1mt, MN4Rh-3, efficiently replicates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cynomolgus macaques homozygous for TRIMCyp (CMsTC). However, the CMsTC challenged with MN4Rh-3 displayed low viral loads during the acute infection phase and subsequently exhibited short-term viremia. These virological phenotypes in vivo differed from those observed in most HIV-1-infected people. Therefore, further development of the HIV-1mt variant was needed. In this study, we first reconstructed the MN4Rh-3 clone to produce a CCR5-tropic HIV-1mt, AS38. In addition, serial in vivo passages allowed us to produce a highly adapted AS38-derived virus that exhibits high viral loads (up to approximately 106 copies ml-1) during the acute infection phase and prolonged periods of persistent viremia (lasting approximately 16 weeks postinfection) upon infection of CMsTC. Whole-genome sequencing of the viral genomes demonstrated that the emergence of a unique 15-nt deletion within the vif gene was associated with in vivo adaptation. The deletion resulted in a significant increase in Vpr protein expression but did not affect Vif-mediated antagonism of antiretroviral APOBEC3s, suggesting that Vpr is important for HIV-1mt adaptation to CMsTC. In summary, we developed a novel CCR5-tropic HIV-1mt that can induce high peak viral loads and long-term viremia and exhibits increased Vpr expression in CMsTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ode
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (A. S.), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan (A. W.); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Y.S. and T.Y.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Washizaki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (A. S.), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan (A. W.); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Y.S. and T.Y.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Seki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (A. S.), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan (A. W.); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Y.S. and T.Y.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (A. S.), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan (A. W.); National Institute of Infectious Diseases (Y.S. and T.Y.), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Harada
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Basic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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7
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Rodríguez‐Izquierdo I, Sepúlveda‐Crespo D, Lasso JM, Resino S, Muñoz‐Fernández MÁ. Baseline and time-updated factors in preclinical development of anionic dendrimers as successful anti-HIV-1 vaginal microbicides. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1774. [PMID: 35018739 PMCID: PMC9285063 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of topical microbicides provide promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy, most of them failed to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in human clinical trials. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models must be optimized, considering the knowledge acquired from unsuccessful and successful clinical trials to improve the current gaps and the preclinical development protocols. To date, dendrimers are the only nanotool that has advanced to human clinical trials as topical microbicides to prevent HIV-1 transmission. This fact demonstrates the importance and the potential of these molecules as microbicides. Polyanionic dendrimers are highly branched nanocompounds with potent activity against HIV-1 that disturb HIV-1 entry. Herein, the most significant advancements in topical microbicide development, trying to mimic the real-life conditions as closely as possible, are discussed. This review also provides the preclinical assays that anionic dendrimers have passed as microbicides because they can improve current antiviral treatments' efficacy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda‐Crespo
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | | | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Ma Ángeles Muñoz‐Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
- Spanish HIV HGM BioBankMadridSpain
- Section of Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología MolecularHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM)MadridSpain
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8
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He WQ, He XY, Lu Y, Zhang S, Zhang MX, Zheng YT, Pang W. HIV-1 but not SIV mac239 induces higher interferon-α antiviral state in chronic infected northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104970. [PMID: 35331910 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that interferon (IFN)-α has an inhibitory effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in the acute infection stage, but its role in chronic infection is still unclear. We previously established a nonpathogenic HIV-1 and pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model in northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs, Macaca leonina). In the current study, we detected viral RNA and DNA in various tissues (axillary lymph nodes (LNs), inguinal LNs, and spleen) in HIV-1NL4-3- and SIVmac239-infected NPM during the chronic stage of infection. Results indicated that the levels of viral DNA and RNA were higher in the tested tissues (LNs and spleen) of the SIVmac239-infected NPMs than in the HIV-1NL4-3 infected NPMs. Furthermore, IFN-α expression was higher in the HIV-infected tissues than in the SIV-infected controls. The HIV restriction factors induced by IFN-α (i.e., tetherin and MX2), as well as inflammatory factors IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence staining assays. Results showed that their expression levels were much higher in the HIV-infected tissues than in the SIV-infected controls. These findings were confirmed by in vitro experiments on healthy NPM peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with HIV-1NL4-3, which showed lower viral replication, higher IFN-α expression, and an antiviral status. This study demonstrated that HIV-1 infection, but not SIVmac239 infection, in NPMs caused higher expression of IFN-α and induced a higher antiviral status. This may be one of the reasons why HIV-1 cannot replicate at a high level or develop into AIDS in NPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ming-Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
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9
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Thippeshappa R, Polacino P, Chandrasekar SS, Truong K, Misra A, Aulicino PC, Hu SL, Kaushal D, Kimata JT. In vivo Serial Passaging of Human-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Clones Identifies Characteristics for Persistent Viral Replication. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:779460. [PMID: 34867922 PMCID: PMC8636705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.779460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with a simian immunodeficiency virus vif substitution (HSIV-vifNL4-3) could replicate in pigtailed macaques (PTMs), demonstrating that Vif is a species-specific tropism factor of primate lentiviruses. However, infections did not result in high-peak viremia or setpoint plasma viral loads, as observed during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of PTMs. Here, we characterized variants isolated from one of the original infected animals with CD4 depletion after nearly 4years of infection to identify determinants of increased replication fitness. In our studies, we found that the HSIV-vif clones did not express the HIV-1 Vpr protein due to interference from the vpx open reading frame (ORF) in singly spliced vpr mRNA. To examine whether these viral genes contribute to persistent viral replication, we generated infectious HSIV-vif clones expressing either the HIV-1 Vpr or SIV Vpx protein. And then to determine viral fitness determinants of HSIV-vif, we conducted three rounds of serial in vivo passaging in PTMs, starting with an initial inoculum containing a mixture of CXCR4-tropic [Vpr-HSIV-vifNL4-3 isolated at 196 (C/196) and 200 (C/200) weeks post-infection from a PTM with depressed CD4 counts] and CCR5-tropic HSIV (Vpr+ HSIV-vif derivatives based NL-AD8 and Bru-Yu2 and a Vpx expressing HSIV-vifYu2). Interestingly, all infected PTMs showed peak plasma viremia close to or above 105 copies/ml and persistent viral replication for more than 20weeks. Infectious molecular clones (IMCs) recovered from the passage 3 PTM (HSIV-P3 IMCs) included mutations required for HIV-1 Vpr expression and those mutations encoded by the CXCR4-tropic HSIV-vifNL4-3 isolate C/196. The data indicate that the viruses selected during long-term infection acquired HIV-1 Vpr expression, suggesting the importance of Vpr for in vivo pathogenesis. Further passaging of HSIV-P3 IMCs in vivo may generate pathogenic variants with higher replication capacity, which will be a valuable resource as challenge virus in vaccine and cure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Patricia Polacino
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shaswath S Chandrasekar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Khanghy Truong
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anisha Misra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paula C Aulicino
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Broeckel RM, Feldmann F, McNally KL, Chiramel AI, Sturdevant GL, Leung JM, Hanley PW, Lovaglio J, Rosenke R, Scott DP, Saturday G, Bouamr F, Rasmussen AL, Robertson SJ, Best SM. A pigtailed macaque model of Kyasanur Forest disease virus and Alkhurma hemorrhagic disease virus pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009678. [PMID: 34855915 PMCID: PMC8638978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) and the closely related Alkhurma hemorrhagic disease virus (AHFV) are emerging flaviviruses that cause severe viral hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Increasing geographical expansion and case numbers, particularly of KFDV in southwest India, class these viruses as a public health threat. Viral pathogenesis is not well understood and additional vaccines and antivirals are needed to effectively counter the impact of these viruses. However, current animal models of KFDV pathogenesis do not accurately reproduce viral tissue tropism or clinical outcomes observed in humans. Here, we show that pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) infected with KFDV or AHFV develop viremia that peaks 2 to 4 days following inoculation. Over the course of infection, animals developed lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes. Infected animals exhibited hallmark signs of human disease characterized by a flushed appearance, piloerection, dehydration, loss of appetite, weakness, and hemorrhagic signs including epistaxis. Virus was commonly present in the gastrointestinal tract, consistent with human disease caused by KFDV and AHFV where gastrointestinal symptoms (hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea) are common. Importantly, RNAseq of whole blood revealed that KFDV downregulated gene expression of key clotting factors that was not observed during AHFV infection, consistent with increased severity of KFDV disease observed in this model. This work characterizes a nonhuman primate model for KFDV and AHFV that closely resembles human disease for further utilization in understanding host immunity and development of antiviral countermeasures.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/genetics
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/immunology
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/pathogenicity
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/immunology
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/pathology
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/virology
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/pathology
- Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/virology
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/virology
- Macaca nemestrina
- Vero Cells
- Viremia
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Broeckel
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Kristin L. McNally
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Abhilash I. Chiramel
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Gail L. Sturdevant
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Leung
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Dana P. Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Fadila Bouamr
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angela L. Rasmussen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Shelly J. Robertson
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Sonja M. Best
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Bruijnesteijn J, van der Wiel M, de Groot NG, Bontrop RE. Rapid Characterization of Complex Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Regions Using Cas9 Enrichment and Nanopore Sequencing. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722181. [PMID: 34594334 PMCID: PMC8476923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-read sequencing approaches have considerably improved the quality and contiguity of genome assemblies. Such platforms bear the potential to resolve even extremely complex regions, such as multigenic immune families and repetitive stretches of DNA. Deep sequencing coverage, however, is required to overcome low nucleotide accuracy, especially in regions with high homopolymer density, copy number variation, and sequence similarity, such as the MHC and KIR gene clusters of the immune system. Therefore, we have adapted a targeted enrichment protocol in combination with long-read sequencing to efficiently annotate complex KIR gene regions. Using Cas9 endonuclease activity, segments of the KIR gene cluster were enriched and sequenced on an Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform. This provided sufficient coverage to accurately resolve and phase highly complex KIR haplotypes. Our strategy eliminates PCR-induced amplification errors, facilitates rapid characterization of large and complex multigenic regions, including its epigenetic footprint, and is applicable in multiple species, even in the absence of a reference genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Bruijnesteijn
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Marit van der Wiel
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Natasja G de Groot
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Li J, Fan Z, Shen F, Pendleton AL, Song Y, Xing J, Yue B, Kidd JM, Li J. Genomic Copy Number Variation Study of Nine Macaca Species Provides New Insights into Their Genetic Divergence, Adaptation, and Biomedical Application. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:2211-2230. [PMID: 32970804 PMCID: PMC7846157 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) can promote phenotypic diversification and adaptive evolution. However, the genomic architecture of CNVs among Macaca species remains scarcely reported, and the roles of CNVs in adaptation and evolution of macaques have not been well addressed. Here, we identified and characterized 1,479 genome-wide hetero-specific CNVs across nine Macaca species with bioinformatic methods, along with 26 CNV-dense regions and dozens of lineage-specific CNVs. The genes intersecting CNVs were overrepresented in nutritional metabolism, xenobiotics/drug metabolism, and immune-related pathways. Population-level transcriptome data showed that nearly 46% of CNV genes were differentially expressed across populations and also mainly consisted of metabolic and immune-related genes, which implied the role of CNVs in environmental adaptation of Macaca. Several CNVs overlapping drug metabolism genes were verified with genomic quantitative polymerase chain reaction, suggesting that these macaques may have different drug metabolism features. The CNV-dense regions, including 15 first reported here, represent unstable genomic segments in macaques where biological innovation may evolve. Twelve gains and 40 losses specific to the Barbary macaque contain genes with essential roles in energy homeostasis and immunity defense, inferring the genetic basis of its unique distribution in North Africa. Our study not only elucidated the genetic diversity across Macaca species from the perspective of structural variation but also provided suggestive evidence for the role of CNVs in adaptation and genome evolution. Additionally, our findings provide new insights into the application of diverse macaques to drug study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feichen Shen
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Michigan
| | | | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jeffrey M Kidd
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Michigan
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Stefanoni D, Shin HKH, Baek JH, Champagne DP, Nemkov T, Thomas T, Francis RO, Zimring JC, Yoshida T, Reisz JA, Spitalnik SL, Buehler PW, D’Alessandro A. Red blood cell metabolism in Rhesus macaques and humans: comparative biology of blood storage. Haematologica 2020; 105:2174-2186. [PMID: 31699790 PMCID: PMC7395274 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.229930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaques are emerging as a critical animal model in transfusion medicine, because of their evolutionary similarity to humans and perceived utility in discovery and translational science. However, little is known about the metabolism of Rhesus macaque red blood cells (RBC) and how this compares to human RBC metabolism under standard blood banking conditions. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses, and tracing experiments with [1,2,3-13C3]glucose, were performed using fresh and stored RBC (sampled weekly until storage day 42) obtained from Rhesus macaques (n=20) and healthy human volunteers (n=21). These results were further validated with targeted quantification against stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Metabolomic analyses demonstrated inter-species differences in RBC metabolism independent of refrigerated storage. Although similar trends were observed throughout storage for several metabolic pathways, species- and sex-specific differences were also observed. The most notable differences were in glutathione and sulfur metabolites, purine and lipid oxidation metabolites, acylcarnitines, fatty acyl composition of several classes of lipids (including phosphatidylserines), glyoxylate pathway intermediates, and arginine and carboxylic acid metabolites. Species-specific dietary and environmental compounds were also detected. Overall, the results suggest an increased basal and refrigerator-storage-induced propensity for oxidant stress and lipid remodeling in Rhesus macaque RBC cells, as compared to human red cells. The overlap between Rhesus macaque and human RBC metabolic phenotypes suggests the potential utility of a translational model for simple RBC transfusions, although inter-species storage-dependent differences need to be considered when modeling complex disease states, such as transfusion in trauma/hemorrhagic shock models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Stefanoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Hye Kyung H. Shin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Jin Hyen Baek
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Devin P. Champagne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Richard O. Francis
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Paul W. Buehler
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD,PAUL W. BUEHLER,
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Correspondence:ANGELO D’ALESSANDRO
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14
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Adachi A, Koma T, Doi N, Nomaguchi M. Commentary: Derivation of Simian Tropic HIV-1 Infectious Clone Reveals Virus Adaptation to a New Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:235. [PMID: 32500043 PMCID: PMC7243179 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Koma
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoya Doi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, Japan
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15
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Thippeshappa R, Kimata JT, Kaushal D. Toward a Macaque Model of HIV-1 Infection: Roadblocks, Progress, and Future Strategies. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32477302 PMCID: PMC7237640 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human-specific tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) has complicated the development of a macaque model of HIV-1 infection/AIDS that is suitable for preclinical evaluation of vaccines and novel treatment strategies. Several innate retroviral restriction factors, such as APOBEC3 family of proteins, TRIM5α, BST2, and SAMHD1, that prevent HIV-1 replication have been identified in macaque cells. Accessory proteins expressed by Simian Immunodeficiency virus (SIV) such as viral infectivity factor (Vif), viral protein X (Vpx), viral protein R (Vpr), and negative factor (Nef) have been shown to play key roles in overcoming these restriction factors in macaque cells. Thus, substituting HIV-1 accessory genes with those from SIV may enable HIV-1 replication in macaques. We and others have constructed macaque-tropic HIV-1 derivatives [also called simian-tropic HIV-1 (stHIV-1) or Human-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (HSIV)] carrying SIV vif to overcome APOBEC3 family proteins. Additional modifications to HIV-1 gag in some of the macaque-tropic HIV-1 have also been done to overcome TRIM5α restriction in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. Although these viruses replicate persistently in macaque species, they do not result in CD4 depletion. Thus, these studies suggest that additional blocks to HIV-1 replication exist in macaques that prevent high-level viral replication. Furthermore, serial animal-to-animal passaging of macaque-tropic HIV-1 in vivo has not resulted in pathogenic variants that cause AIDS in immunocompetent macaques. In this review, we discuss recent developments made toward developing macaque model of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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16
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Bucsan AN, Mehra S, Khader SA, Kaushal D. The current state of animal models and genomic approaches towards identifying and validating molecular determinants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease. Pathog Dis 2020; 77:5543892. [PMID: 31381766 PMCID: PMC6687098 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models are important in understanding both the pathogenesis of and immunity to tuberculosis (TB). Unfortunately, we are beginning to understand that no animal model perfectly recapitulates the human TB syndrome, which encompasses numerous different stages. Furthermore, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a very heterogeneous event at both the levels of pathogenesis and immunity. This review seeks to establish the current understanding of TB pathogenesis and immunity, as validated in the animal models of TB in active use today. We especially focus on the use of modern genomic approaches in these models to determine the mechanism and the role of specific molecular pathways. Animal models have significantly enhanced our understanding of TB. Incorporation of contemporary technologies such as single cell transcriptomics, high-parameter flow cytometric immune profiling, proteomics, proteomic flow cytometry and immunocytometry into the animal models in use will further enhance our understanding of TB and facilitate the development of treatment and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Bucsan
- Tulane Center for Tuberculosis Research, Covington, LA, USA.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | | | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane Center for Tuberculosis Research, Covington, LA, USA.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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17
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Adachi A. Grand Challenge in Human/Animal Virology: Unseen, Smallest Replicative Entities Shape the Whole Globe. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:431. [PMID: 32256480 PMCID: PMC7093566 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.,Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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18
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Topical Inserts: A Versatile Delivery Form for HIV Prevention. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080374. [PMID: 31374941 PMCID: PMC6723036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of topical inserts for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), represents a promising alternative to oral and parenteral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) dosage forms. They may be used for vaginal and/or rectal administration of a variety of agents with antiviral activity. Topical inserts deliver drugs to the portal of viral entry, i.e., the genital or rectal mucosa, with low systemic exposure, and therefore are safer and have fewer side effects than systemic PrEP agents. They may dissolve fast, releasing the active drugs within minutes of insertion, or slowly for long-acting drug delivery. Furthermore, they are user-friendly being easy to administer, discreet and highly portable. They are also economical and easy to manufacture at scale and to distribute, with excellent stability and shelf-life. Altogether, topical inserts represent a particularly promising form of drug delivery for HIV and STI prevention. Highlighted within this review are end-user acceptability research dedicated to understanding preferred attributes for this form of drug delivery, advantages and disadvantages of the formulation platform options, considerations for their development, clinical assessment of select placebo prototypes, future directions, and the potential impact of this dosage form on the HIV prevention landscape.
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19
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Infectious Virus Persists in CD4 + T Cells and Macrophages in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00065-19. [PMID: 31118264 PMCID: PMC6639293 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00065-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study suggests that CD4+ T cells found throughout tissues in the body can contain replication-competent SIV and contribute to rebound of the virus after treatment interruption. In addition, this study demonstrates that macrophages in tissues are another cellular reservoir for SIV and may contribute to viral rebound after treatment interruption. This new insight into the size and location of the SIV reservoir could have great implications for HIV-infected individuals and should be taken into consideration for the development of future HIV cure strategies. Understanding the cellular and anatomical sites of latent virus that contribute to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rebound is essential for eradication. In HIV-positive patients, CD4+ T lymphocytes comprise a well-defined functional latent reservoir, defined as cells containing transcriptionally silent genomes able to produce infectious virus once reactivated. However, the persistence of infectious latent virus in CD4+ T cells in compartments other than blood and lymph nodes is unclear. Macrophages (Mϕ) are infected by HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and are likely to carry latent viral genomes during antiretroviral therapy (ART), contributing to the reservoir. Currently, the gold standard assay used to measure reservoirs containing replication-competent virus is the quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA). Using an SIV-macaque model, the CD4+ T cell and Mϕ functional latent reservoirs were measured in various tissues using cell-specific QVOAs. Our results showed that blood, spleen, and lung in the majority of suppressed animals contain latently infected Mϕs. Surprisingly, the numbers of CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and Mϕs carrying infectious genomes in blood and spleen were at comparable frequencies (∼1 infected cell per million). We also demonstrate that ex vivo viruses produced in the Mϕ QVOA are capable of infecting activated CD4+ T cells. These results strongly suggest that latently infected tissue Mϕs can reestablish productive infection upon treatment interruption. This study provides the first comparison of CD4+ T cell and Mϕ functional reservoirs in a macaque model. It is the first confirmation of the persistence of latent genomes in monocytes in blood and Mϕs in the spleen and lung of SIV-infected ART-suppressed macaques. Our results demonstrate that transcriptionally silent genomes in Mϕs can contribute to viral rebound after ART interruption and should be considered in future HIV cure strategies. IMPORTANCE This study suggests that CD4+ T cells found throughout tissues in the body can contain replication-competent SIV and contribute to rebound of the virus after treatment interruption. In addition, this study demonstrates that macrophages in tissues are another cellular reservoir for SIV and may contribute to viral rebound after treatment interruption. This new insight into the size and location of the SIV reservoir could have great implications for HIV-infected individuals and should be taken into consideration for the development of future HIV cure strategies.
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Schmidt F, Keele BF, Del Prete GQ, Voronin D, Fennessey CM, Soll S, Kane M, Raymond A, Gifford RJ, KewalRamani V, Lifson JD, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T. Derivation of simian tropic HIV-1 infectious clone reveals virus adaptation to a new host. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10504-10509. [PMID: 31048506 PMCID: PMC6535013 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818059116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To replicate in a new host, lentiviruses must adapt to exploit required host factors and evade species-specific antiviral proteins. Understanding how host protein variation drives lentivirus adaptation allowed us to expand the host range of HIV-1 to pigtail macaques. We have previously derived a viral swarm (in the blood of infected animals) that can cause AIDS in this new host. To further exploit this reagent, we generated infectious molecular clones (IMCs) from the viral swarm. We identified clones with high replicative capacity in pigtail peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro and used in vivo replication to select an individual IMC, named stHIV-A19 (for simian tropic HIV-1 clone A19), which recapitulated the phenotype obtained with the viral swarm. Adaptation of HIV-1 in macaques led to the acquisition of amino acid changes in viral proteins, such as capsid (CA), that are rarely seen in HIV-1-infected humans. Using stHIV-A19, we show that these CA changes confer a partial resistance to the host cell inhibitor Mx2 from pigtail macaques, but that complete resistance is associated with a fitness defect. Adaptation of HIV-1 to a new host will lead to a more accurate animal model and a better understanding of virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schmidt
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Gregory Q Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Dennis Voronin
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Christine M Fennessey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Steven Soll
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Melissa Kane
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Alice Raymond
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Robert J Gifford
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vineet KewalRamani
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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Rational design and in vivo selection of SHIVs encoding transmitted/founder subtype C HIV-1 envelopes. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007632. [PMID: 30943274 PMCID: PMC6447185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (SHIVs) are an important tool for evaluating anti-HIV Env interventions in nonhuman primate (NHP) models. However, most unadapted SHIVs do not replicate well in vivo limiting their utility. Furthermore, adaptation in vivo often negatively impacts fundamental properties of the Env, including neutralization profiles. Transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses are particularly important to study since they represent viruses that initiated primary HIV-1 infections and may have unique attributes. Here we combined in vivo competition and rational design to develop novel subtype C SHIVs containing T/F envelopes. We successfully generated 19 new, infectious subtype C SHIVs, which were tested in multiple combinatorial pools in Indian-origin rhesus macaques. Infected animals attained peak viremia within 5 weeks ranging from 103 to 107 vRNA copies/mL. Sequence analysis during primary infection revealed 7 different SHIVs replicating in 8 productively infected animals with certain clones prominent in each animal. We then generated 5 variants each of 6 SHIV clones (3 that predominated and 3 undetectable after pooled in vivo inoculations), converting a serine at Env375 to methionine, tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan or phenylalanine. Overall, most Env375 mutants replicated better in vitro and in vivo than wild type with both higher and earlier peak viremia. In 4 of these SHIV clones (with and without Env375 mutations) we also created mutations at position 281 to include serine, alanine, valine, or threonine. Some Env281 mutations imparted in vitro replication dynamics similar to mutations at 375; however, clones with both mutations did not exhibit incremental benefit. Therefore, we identified unique subtype C T/F SHIVs that replicate in rhesus macaques with improved acute phase replication kinetics without altering phenotype. In vivo competition and rational design can produce functional SHIVs with globally relevant HIV-1 Envs to add to the growing number of SHIV clones for HIV-1 research in NHPs. Nonhuman primates provide useful models for studying HIV transmission, pathogenesis and cure strategies. Due to species-specific antiviral factors, however, HIV cannot replicate in Asian macaques directly. Some chimeric viruses incorporating HIV Envelope genes in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) backbone can replicate to sufficient levels in Asian macaques to permit evaluation of anti-HIV interventions. Here we describe the generation of new SHIV clones unique to the field in 4 important ways. First, these clones were generated from the globally relevant HIV-1 subtype C, which is the most prevalent form of HIV globally and is found predominately in sub-Saharan Africa where the pandemic is particularly devastating but is poorly represented among SHIVs studied to date. Second, we utilized Envelope genes from viruses that established primary infection, making these clones particularly useful in transmission studies. Third, these clones were not generated by animal passage, which may alter some of the unique properties of these Envelopes. Finally, we used direct within animal competition studies and two targeted mutations to select highly replicative clones. We provide here both the discovery of new SHIV clones, and also a process to generate additional clones in the future.
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Doi N, Miura T, Mori H, Sakawaki H, Koma T, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M. CXCR4- and CCR5-Tropic HIV-1 Clones Are Both Tractable to Grow in Rhesus Macaques. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2510. [PMID: 30405570 PMCID: PMC6200915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A major issue for present HIV-1 research is to establish model systems that reflect or mimic viral replication and pathogenesis actually observed in infected humans. To this end, various strategies using macaques as infection targets have long been pursued. In particular, experimental infections of rhesus macaques by HIV-1 derivatives have been believed to be best suited, if practicable, for studies on interaction of HIV-1 and humans under various circumstances. Recently, through in vitro genetic manipulations and viral cell-adaptations, we have successfully generated a series of HIV-1 derivatives with CXCR4-tropism or CCR5-tropism that grow in macaque cells to various degrees. Of these viruses, those with best replicative potentials can grow comparably with a pathogenic SIVmac in macaque cells by counteracting major restriction factors TRIM5, APOBEC3, and tetherin proteins. In this study, rhesus macaques were challenged with CXCR4-tropic (MN4/LSDQgtu) or CCR5-tropic (gtu + A4CI1) virus. The two viruses were found to productively infect rhesus macaques, being rhesus macaque-tropic HIV-1 (HIV-1rmt). However, plasma viral RNA was reduced to be an undetectable level in infected macaques at 5–6 weeks post-infection and thereafter. While replicated similarly well in rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells, MN4/LSDQgtu grew much better than gtu + A4CI1 in the animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that HIV-1 derivatives (variants) grow in rhesus macaques. These viruses certainly constitute firm bases for generating HIV-1rmt clones pathogenic for rhesus monkeys, albeit they grow more poorly than pathogenic SIVmac and SHIV clones reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Doi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mori
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakawaki
- Non-human Primate Experimental Facility, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Koma
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Comparative genome-wide survey of single nucleotide variation uncovers the genetic diversity and potential biomedical applications among six Macaca species. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103123. [PMID: 30314376 PMCID: PMC6212917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaca is of great importance in evolutionary and biomedical research. Aiming at elucidating genetic diversity patterns and potential biomedical applications of macaques, we characterized single nucleotide variations (SNVs) of six Macaca species based on the reference genome of Macaca mulatta. Using eight whole-genome sequences, representing the most comprehensive genomic SNV study in Macaca to date, we focused on discovery and comparison of nonsynonymous SNVs (nsSNVs) with bioinformatic tools. We observed that SNV distribution patterns were generally congruent among the eight individuals. Outlier tests of nsSNV distribution patterns detected 319 bins with significantly distinct genetic divergence among macaques, including differences in genes associated with taste transduction, homologous recombination, and fat and protein digestion. Genes with specific nsSNVs in various macaques were differentially enriched for metabolism pathways, such as glycolysis, protein digestion and absorption. On average, 24.95% and 11.67% specific nsSNVs were putatively deleterious according to PolyPhen2 and SIFT4G, respectively, among which the shared deleterious SNVs were located in 564–1981 genes. These genes displayed enrichment signals in the ‘obesity-related traits’ disease category for all surveyed macaques, confirming that they were suitable models for obesity related studies. Additional enriched disease categories were observed in some macaques, exhibiting promising potential for biomedical application. Positively selected genes identified by PAML in most tested Macaca species played roles in immune and nervous system, growth and development, and fat metabolism. We propose that metabolism and body size play important roles in the evolutionary adaptation of macaques.
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Pang W, Song JH, Lu Y, Zhang XL, Zheng HY, Jiang J, Zheng YT. Host Restriction Factors APOBEC3G/3F and Other Interferon-Related Gene Expressions Affect Early HIV-1 Infection in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaque ( Macaca leonina). Front Immunol 2018; 9:1965. [PMID: 30210504 PMCID: PMC6120991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs) lack TRIM5α, an antiviral restriction factor, and instead have TRIM5-CypA. In our previous study, we demonstrated that HIV-1NL4-3 successfully infected NPMs and formed a long-term viral reservoir in vivo. However, the HIV-1-infected NPMs showed relatively high viremia in the first 6 weeks of infection, which declined thereafter suggesting that HIV-1 NL4-3 infection in these animals was only partly permissive. To optimize HIV-1 infection in NPMs therefore, we generated HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv, and infected NPMs with these viruses. HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv can replicate persistently in NPMs during 41 weeks of acute infection stage. Compared to the HIV-1NL4-R3A, stHIV-1sv showed a notably higher level of replication, and the NPMs infected with the latter induced a more robust neutralizing antibody but a weaker cellular immune response. In addition, IFN-I signaling was significantly up-regulated with the viral replication, and was higher in the stHIV-1sv infected macaques. Consequently, the sequences of pro-viral env showed fewer G-A hyper-mutations in stHIV-1sv, suggesting that vif gene of SIV could antagonize the antiviral effects of APOBEC3 proteins in NPMs. Taken together, NPMs infected with HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv show distinct virological and immunological features. Furthermore, interferon-related gene expression might play a role in controlling primary HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv replication in NPMs. This result suggests NPM is a potential HIV/AIDS animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Semler MR, Wiseman RW, Karl JA, Graham ME, Gieger SM, O'Connor DH. Novel full-length major histocompatibility complex class I allele discovery and haplotype definition in pig-tailed macaques. Immunogenetics 2018; 70:381-399. [PMID: 29134258 PMCID: PMC7153738 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina, Mane) are important models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies. Their infectability with minimally modified HIV makes them a uniquely valuable animal model to mimic human infection with HIV and progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, variation in the pig-tailed macaque major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the impact of individual transcripts on the pathogenesis of HIV and other infectious diseases is understudied compared to that of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. In this study, we used Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time circular consensus sequencing to describe full-length MHC class I (MHC-I) transcripts for 194 pig-tailed macaques from three breeding centers. We then used the full-length sequences to infer Mane-A and Mane-B haplotypes containing groups of MHC-I transcripts that co-segregate due to physical linkage. In total, we characterized full-length open reading frames (ORFs) for 313 Mane-A, Mane-B, and Mane-I sequences that defined 86 Mane-A and 106 Mane-B MHC-I haplotypes. Pacific Biosciences technology allows us to resolve these Mane-A and Mane-B haplotypes to the level of synonymous allelic variants. The newly defined haplotypes and transcript sequences containing full-length ORFs provide an important resource for infectious disease researchers as certain MHC haplotypes have been shown to provide exceptional control of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication and prevention of AIDS-like disease in nonhuman primates. The increased allelic resolution provided by Pacific Biosciences sequencing also benefits transplant research by allowing researchers to more specifically match haplotypes between donors and recipients to the level of nonsynonymous allelic variation, thus reducing the risk of graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Semler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Roger W Wiseman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Julie A Karl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael E Graham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Samantha M Gieger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
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26
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Dutta D, Johnson S, Dalal A, Deymier MJ, Hunter E, Byrareddy SN. High throughput generation and characterization of replication-competent clade C transmitter-founder simian human immunodeficiency viruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196942. [PMID: 29758076 PMCID: PMC5951672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional restriction endonuclease-based cloning has been routinely used to generate replication-competent simian-human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) and simian tropic HIV (stHIV). This approach requires the existence of suitable restriction sites or the introduction of nucleotide changes to create them. Here, using an In-Fusion cloning technique that involves homologous recombination, we generated SHIVs and stHIVs based on epidemiologically linked clade C transmitted/founder HIV molecular clones from Zambia. Replacing vif from these HIV molecular clones with vif of SIVmac239 resulted in chimeric genomes used to generate infectious stHIV viruses. Likewise, exchanging HIV env genes and introducing N375 mutations to enhance macaque CD4 binding site and cloned into a SHIVAD8-EO backbone. The generated SHIVs and stHIV were infectious in TZMbl and ZB5 cells, as well as macaque PBMCs. Therefore, this method can replace traditional methods and be a valuable tool for the rapid generation and testing of molecular clones of stHIV and SHIV based on primary clinical isolates will be valuable to generate rapid novel challenge viruses for HIV vaccine/cure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Samuel Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Alisha Dalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Martin J Deymier
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eric Hunter
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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Leviyang S, Griva I, Ita S, Johnson WE. A penalized regression approach to haplotype reconstruction of viral populations arising in early HIV/SIV infection. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:2455-2463. [PMID: 28379346 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been increasingly applied to characterize viral evolution during HIV and SIV infections. In particular, NGS datasets sampled during the initial months of infection are characterized by relatively low levels of diversity as well as convergent evolution at multiple loci dispersed across the viral genome. Consequently, fully characterizing viral evolution from NGS datasets requires haplotype reconstruction across large regions of the viral genome. Existing haplotype reconstruction algorithms have not been developed with the particular characteristics of early HIV/SIV infection in mind, raising the possibility that better performance could be achieved through a specifically designed algorithm. Results Here, we introduce a haplotype reconstruction algorithm, RegressHaplo, specifically designed for low diversity and convergent evolution regimes. The algorithm uses a penalized regression that balances a data fitting term with a penalty term that encourages solutions with few haplotypes. The regression covariates are a large set of potential haplotypes and fitting the regression is made computationally feasible by the low diversity setting. Using simulated and in vivo datasets, we compare RegressHaplo to PredictHaplo and QuRe, two existing haplotype reconstruction algorithms. RegressHaplo performs better than these algorithms on simulated datasets with relatively low diversity levels. We suggest RegressHaplo as a novel tool for the investigation of early infection HIV/SIV datasets and, more generally, low diversity viral NGS datasets. Contact sr286@georgetown.edu. Availability and Implementation https://github.com/SLeviyang/RegressHaplo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Leviyang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Igor Griva
- Department of Mathematics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Sergio Ita
- Department of Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Welkin E Johnson
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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Pang W, Zhang GH, Jiang J, Zheng HY, Zhang LT, Zhang XL, Song JH, Zhang MX, Zhu JW, Lei AH, Tian RR, Liu XM, Zhang L, Gao G, Su L, Zheng YT. HIV-1 can infect northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina) and form viral reservoirs in vivo. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1315-1324. [PMID: 36659293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Viral reservoirs of HIV-1 are a major obstacle for curing AIDS. The novel animal models that can be directly infected with HIV-1 will contribute to develop effective strategies for eradicating infections. Here, we inoculated 4 northern pig-tailed macaques (NPM) with the HIV-1 strain HIV-1NL4.3 and monitored the infection for approximately 3years (150weeks). The HIV-1-infected NPMs showed transient viremia for about 10weeks after infection. However, cell-associated proviral DNA and viral RNA persisted in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs for about 3years. Moreover, replication-competent HIV-1 could be successfully recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during long-term infection. The numbers of resting CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected NPMs harboring proviruses fell within a range of 2- to 3-log10 per million cells, and these proviruses could be reactivated both ex vivo and in vivo in response to co-stimulation with the latency-reversing agents JQ1 and prostratin. Our results suggested that NPMs can be infected with HIV-1 and a long-term viral reservoir was formed in NPMs, which might serve asa potential model for HIV-1 reservoir research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Gao-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jia-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ming-Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jia-Wu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ai-Hua Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- South China Institute of Endangered Animal, Guandong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guangxia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lishan Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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Lian XD, Zhang XH, Dai ZX, Zheng YT. Identification of the major histocompatibility complex class-II DM and DO alleles in a cohort of northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). Immunogenetics 2017; 70:271-277. [PMID: 29030661 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonina) has been considered as an independent species from the pig-tailed macaque group. We have previously reported that this species macaque has the potential to be a useful animal model in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis and vaccine studies due to its susceptibility to HIV-1. To develop this animal into a potential HIV/AIDS model, we have studied the classical MHC genes of this animal. In this study, the non-classical MHC genes Malo-DM and Malo-DO alleles were first characterized by sequencing and cloning in 12 unrelated northern pig-tailed macaques. A total of 20 full-length sequences identified include 4 Malo-DMA, 5 Malo-DMB, 7 Malo-DOA, and 4 Malo-DOB alleles. Most of these allele sequences were shared between northern pig-tailed macaque and other macaque species in exon 2. The full-length MHC-DM and MHC-DO sequences provide more comprehensive analysis of immunogenetics of northern pig-tailed macaques and increase the value of the macaques in further biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Lian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi-He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Xi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China. .,Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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Complete Genome Sequences of Human Immunodeficiency Type 1 Viruses Genetically Engineered To Be Tropic for Rhesus Macaques. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/39/e01063-17. [PMID: 28963223 PMCID: PMC5624769 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01063-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed two human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) derivatives, CXCR4 tropic and CCR5 tropic, that replicate in rhesus macaques. They are genetically engineered to be resistant to macaque restriction factors against HIV-1, including TRIM5α, APOBEC3, and tetherin proteins. The two HIV-1 variants described here are fundamental clones aiming for rhesus infection studies of HIV-1.
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Del Prete GQ, Keele BF, Fode J, Thummar K, Swanstrom AE, Rodriguez A, Raymond A, Estes JD, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, KewalRamani VN, Lifson JD, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T. A single gp120 residue can affect HIV-1 tropism in macaques. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006572. [PMID: 28945790 PMCID: PMC5629034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Species-dependent variation in proteins that aid or limit virus replication determines the ability of lentiviruses to jump between host species. Identifying and overcoming these differences facilitates the development of animal models for HIV-1, including models based on chimeric SIVs that express HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins, (SHIVs) and simian-tropic HIV-1 (stHIV) strains. Here, we demonstrate that the inherently poor ability of most HIV-1 Env proteins to use macaque CD4 as a receptor is improved during adaptation by virus passage in macaques. We identify a single amino acid, A281, in HIV-1 Env that consistently changes during adaptation in macaques and affects the ability of HIV-1 Env to use macaque CD4. Importantly, mutations at A281 do not markedly affect HIV-1 Env neutralization properties. Our findings should facilitate the design of HIV-1 Env proteins for use in non-human primate models and thus expedite the development of clinically relevant reagents for testing interventions against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Q. Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeannine Fode
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Keyur Thummar
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Adrienne E. Swanstrom
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Anthony Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alice Raymond
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Vineet N. KewalRamani
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Theodora Hatziioannou
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
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32
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Zhang X, Kanthaswamy S, Trask JS, Ng J, Oldt RF, Mankowski JL, Adams RJ, Smith DG. Genetic Characterization of a Captive Colony of Pigtailed Macaques ( Macaca nemestrina). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2017; 56:390-395. [PMID: 28724488 PMCID: PMC5517328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective colony management is critical to guarantee the availability of captive NHP as subjects for biomedical research. Pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) are an important model for the study of human and nonhuman primate diseases and behavior. Johns Hopkins University hosts one of the largest captive colonies of pigtailed macaques in the United States. In this study, we used 56 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to characterize this population of pigtailed macaques, understand their population structure, and assess the effectiveness of their colony management. The results demonstrate that the colony has maintained a high level of genetic diversity, with no loss of heterozygosity since its origin, and low levels of inbreeding and genetic subdivision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Zhang
- Department of Anthropology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Sree Kanthaswamy
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Jessica S Trask
- Department of Anthropology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jillian Ng
- Department of Anthropology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Robert F Oldt
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert J Adams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David G Smith
- Department of Anthropology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California;,
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Nonhuman Primate Models for Studies of AIDS Virus Persistence During Suppressive Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 417:69-109. [PMID: 29026923 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primate (NHP) models of AIDS represent a potentially powerful component of the effort to understand in vivo sources of AIDS virus that persist in the setting of suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and to develop and evaluate novel strategies for more definitive treatment of HIV infection (i.e., viral eradication "cure", or sustained off-cART remission). Multiple different NHP models are available, each characterized by a particular NHP species, infecting virus, and cART regimen, and each with a distinct capacity to recapitulate different aspects of HIV infection. Given these different biological characteristics, and their associated strengths and limitations, different models may be preferred to address different questions pertaining to virus persistence and cure research, or to evaluate different candidate intervention approaches. Recent developments in improved cART regimens for use in NHPs, new viruses, a wider array of sensitive virologic assay approaches, and a better understanding of pathogenesis should allow even greater contributions from NHP models to this important area of HIV research in the future.
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Höglind A, Areström I, Ehrnfelt C, Masjedi K, Zuber B, Giavedoni L, Ahlborg N. Systematic evaluation of monoclonal antibodies and immunoassays for the detection of Interferon-γ and Interleukin-2 in old and new world non-human primates. J Immunol Methods 2016; 441:39-48. [PMID: 27889562 PMCID: PMC5563966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHP) provide important animal models for studies on immune responses to infections and vaccines. When assessing cellular immunity in NHP, cytokines are almost exclusively analyzed utilizing cross-reactive anti-human antibodies. The functionality of antibodies has to be empirically established for each assay/application as well as NHP species. A rational approach was employed to identify monoclonal antibodies (mAb) cross-reactive with many NHP species. Panels of new and established mAbs against human Interferon (IFN)-γ and Interleukin (IL)-2 were assessed for reactivity with eukaryotically expressed recombinant IFN-γ and IL-2, respectively, from Old (rhesus, cynomolgus and pigtail macaques, African green monkey, sooty mangabey and baboon) and New World NHP (Ma's night monkey, squirrel monkey and common marmoset). Pan-reactive mAbs, recognizing cytokines from all NHP species, were further analyzed in capture assays and flow cytometry with NHP peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Pan-reactive mAb pairs for IFN-γ well as IL-2 were identified and used in ELISA to measure IFN-γ and IL-2, respectively, in Old and New World NHP PBMC supernatants. The same mAb pairs displayed high functionality in ELISpot and FluoroSpot for the measurement of antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-2 responses using cynomolgus PBMC. Functionality of pan-reactive mAbs in flow cytometry was also verified with cynomolgus PBMC. The development of well-defined immunoassays functional with a panel of NHP species facilitates improved analyses of cellular immunity and enables inclusion in multiplex cytokine assays intended for a variety of NHP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bartek Zuber
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Departments of Virology and Immunology and Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA
| | - Niklas Ahlborg
- Mabtech, Box 1233, SE-131 28, Nacka Strand, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Deriabin PG. [Natural reservoirs of viruses of the genus Hepacivirus, Flaviviridae]. Vopr Virusol 2016; 61:101-106. [PMID: 36494942 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2016-61-3-101-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HCV is a cause of acute and chronic liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Under natural conditions, HCV is able to infect only humans, and only chimpanzees are sensitive to experimental infection. In recent years, viruses genetically related to HCV were discovered in wild mammals (rodents, bats, rabbits), as well as in domestic animals living in close contact with humans (dogs, horses, cows). The hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae, previously represented only by HCV and, presumably, by GBV-B, now includes new related viruses of animals. The results of the study of molecular-genetic and biological properties of the hepaciviruses provide an opportunity to understand the history, evolution, and the origin of HCV. It also opens up the prospect of using HCV homologues of non-primates as a laboratory model for preclinical medical and prophylactic drugs against hepatitis c. It was found that the hepacivirus of horses is the most closely related to HCV among currently known HCV homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Deriabin
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology «Federal Research Centre of Epidemilogy and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya»
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36
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Portilho DM, Fernandez J, Ringeard M, Machado AK, Boulay A, Mayer M, Müller-Trutwin M, Beignon AS, Kirchhoff F, Nisole S, Arhel NJ. Endogenous TRIM5α Function Is Regulated by SUMOylation and Nuclear Sequestration for Efficient Innate Sensing in Dendritic Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 14:355-69. [PMID: 26748714 PMCID: PMC4713866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During retroviral infection, viral capsids are subject to restriction by the cellular factor TRIM5α. Here, we show that dendritic cells (DCs) derived from human and non-human primate species lack efficient TRIM5α-mediated retroviral restriction. In DCs, endogenous TRIM5α accumulates in nuclear bodies (NB) that partly co-localize with Cajal bodies in a SUMOylation-dependent manner. Nuclear sequestration of TRIM5α allowed potent induction of type I interferon (IFN) responses during infection, mediated by sensing of reverse transcribed DNA by cGAS. Overexpression of TRIM5α or treatment with the SUMOylation inhibitor ginkgolic acid (GA) resulted in enforced cytoplasmic TRIM5α expression and restored efficient viral restriction but abrogated type I IFN production following infection. Our results suggest that there is an evolutionary trade-off specific to DCs in which restriction is minimized to maximize sensing. TRIM5α regulation via SUMOylation-dependent nuclear sequestration adds to our understanding of how restriction factors are regulated. Primate dendritic cells (DCs) lack efficient TRIM5α-mediated retroviral restriction In DCs TRIM5α is sequestered in the nucleus in a SUMOylation-dependent manner TRIM5α nuclear sequestration allows DC sensing of retroviral DNA by cGAS
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora M Portilho
- INSERM U941, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Fernandez
- INSERM U941, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Anthony K Machado
- INSERM U941, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Aude Boulay
- INSERM U941, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Martha Mayer
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- CEA-iMETI/Division of Immuno-Virology, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sébastien Nisole
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie J Arhel
- INSERM U941, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France.
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The KT Jeang Retrovirology prize 2015: Paul Bieniasz. Retrovirology 2015; 12:84. [PMID: 26438335 PMCID: PMC4595249 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
HIV type 1 (HIV-1) has a very narrow host range that is limited to humans and chimpanzees. HIV-1 cannot replicate well in Old World monkey cells such as rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. Tripartite motif (TRIM)5α is a key molecule that confers potent resistance against HIV-1 infection and is composed of really interesting new gene, B-box2, coiled-coil and PRYSPRY domains. Interaction between TRIM5α PRYSPRY domains and HIV-1 capsid core triggers the anti-HIV-1 activity of TRIM5α. Analysis of natural HIV variants and extensive mutational experiments has revealed the presence of critical amino acid residues in both the PRYSPRY domain and HIV capsid for potent HIV suppression by TRIM5α. Genetic manipulation of the human TRIM5 gene could establish human cells totally resistant to HIV-1, which may lead to a cure for HIV-1 infection in the future.
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39
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Scull MA, Shi C, de Jong YP, Gerold G, Ries M, von Schaewen M, Donovan BM, Labitt RN, Horwitz JA, Gaska JM, Hrebikova G, Xiao JW, Flatley B, Fung C, Chiriboga L, Walker CM, Evans DT, Rice CM, Ploss A. Hepatitis C virus infects rhesus macaque hepatocytes and simianized mice. Hepatology 2015; 62:57-67. [PMID: 25820364 PMCID: PMC4482775 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED At least 170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Owing to the narrow host range of HCV and restricted use of chimpanzees, there is currently no suitable animal model for HCV pathogenesis studies or the development of a HCV vaccine. To identify cellular determinants of interspecies transmission and establish a novel immunocompetent model system, we examined the ability of HCV to infect hepatocytes from a small nonhuman primate, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). We show that the rhesus orthologs of critical HCV entry factors support viral glycoprotein-dependent virion uptake. Primary hepatocytes from rhesus macaques are also permissive for HCV-RNA replication and particle production, which is enhanced when antiviral signaling is suppressed. We demonstrate that this may be owing to the diminished capacity of HCV to antagonize mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein-dependent innate cellular defenses. To test the ability of HCV to establish persistent replication in vivo, we engrafted primary rhesus macaque hepatocytes into immunocompromised xenorecipients. Inoculation of resulting simian liver chimeric mice with either HCV genotype 1a or 2a resulted in HCV serum viremia for up to 10 weeks. CONCLUSION Together, these data indicate that rhesus macaques may be a viable model for HCV and implicate host immunity as a potential species-specific barrier to HCV infection. We conclude that suppression of host immunity or further viral adaptation may allow robust HCV infection in rhesus macaques and creation of a new animal model for studies of HCV pathogenesis, lentivirus coinfection, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Scull
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Chao Shi
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ype P. de Jong
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Moritz Ries
- AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Markus von Schaewen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Bridget M. Donovan
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Rachael N. Labitt
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Joshua A. Horwitz
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jenna M. Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Gabriela Hrebikova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jing W. Xiao
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Brenna Flatley
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Canny Fung
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - David T. Evans
- AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Correspondence to: Alexander Ploss, Ph.D., Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, LTL 110, Princeton, NJ 08544, Phone: (609) 258-7128, Fax: (609) 258-1701,
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40
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Zheng HY, Zhang MX, Zhang LT, Zhang XL, Pang W, Lyu LB, Zheng YT. Flow cytometric characterizations of leukocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 35:465-73. [PMID: 25465082 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2014.6.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemistrina group) have been extensively used as non-human primate animal models for various human diseases in recent years, notably for AIDS research due to their sensitivity to HIV-1. Northern pig-tailed macaques (M. leonina) are distributed in China and other surrounding Southeast Asia countries. Although northern pig-tailed macaques have been bred on a large scale as experimental animals since 2012, the reference value of normal levels of leukocytes is not available. To obtain such information, 62 blood samples from male and female healthy northern pig-tailed macaques at different ages were collected. The normal range of major leukocyte subpopulations, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, and the expression levels of activation or differentiation related molecules (CD38, HLA-DR, CCR5, CD21, IgD, CD80 and CD86) on lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The counts of B cells decreased with age, but those of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells and the frequency of CD38(+)HLA-DR(+)CD4(+) T cells were positively correlated with age. The counts of leukocyte subpopulations were higher in males than those in females except for CD4(+) T cells. Males also showed higher expression levels of IgD and CD21 within B cells. This study provides basic data about the leukocyte subpopulations of northern pig-tailed macaques and compares this species with commonly used Chinese rhesus macaques (M. mulatta), which is meaningful for the biomedical application of northern pig-tailed macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming-Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Long-Bao Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China;Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650204, China;Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China.
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Abstract
Many of the viral pathogens that cause infectious diseases in humans have a highly restricted species tropism, making the study of their pathogenesis and the development of clinical therapies difficult. The improvement of humanized mouse models over the past 30 years has greatly facilitated researchers' abilities to study host responses to viral infections in a cost effective and ethical manner. From HIV to hepatotropic viruses to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, humanized mice have led to the identification of factors crucial to the viral life cycle, served as an outlet for testing candidate therapies, and improved our abilities to analyze human immune responses to infection. In tackling both new and old viruses as they emerge, humanized mice will continue to be an indispensable tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Gaska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA.
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Kimata JT. Stepping toward a macaque model of HIV-1 induced AIDS. Viruses 2014; 6:3643-51. [PMID: 25256394 PMCID: PMC4189042 DOI: 10.3390/v6093643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 exhibits a narrow host range, hindering the development of a robust animal model of pathogenesis. Past studies have demonstrated that the restricted host range of HIV-1 may be largely due to the inability of the virus to antagonize and evade effector molecules of the interferon response in other species. They have also guided the engineering of HIV-1 clones that can replicate in CD4 T-cells of Asian macaque species. However, while replication of these viruses in macaque hosts is persistent, it has been limited and without progression to AIDS. In a new study, Hatziioannou et al., demonstrate for the first time that adapted macaque-tropic HIV-1 can persistently replicate at high levels in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), but only if CD8 T-cells are depleted at the time of inoculation. The infection causes rapid disease and recapitulates several aspects of AIDS in humans. Additionally, the virus undergoes genetic changes to further escape innate immunity in association with disease progression. Here, the importance of these findings is discussed, as they relate to pathogenesis and model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM385, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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43
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Lei AH, Zhang GH, Tian RR, Zhu JW, Zheng HY, Pang W, Zheng YT. Replication potentials of HIV-1/HSIV in PBMCs from northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonina). DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 35:186-95. [PMID: 24866489 DOI: 10.11813/j.issn.0254-5853.2014.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The northern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca leonina) has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which may be due to the absence of a TRIM5 protein restricting HIV-1 replication. Here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains and three primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs from M. leonina. The results indicate that these strains are characterized by various but low replication levels, and among which, HIV-1NL4-3 shows the highest replication ability. Based on the abundant evidence of species-specific interactions between restriction factors APOBEC3 and HIV/SIV-derived Vif protein, we subsequently examined the replication potentials of vif-substituted HIV-1 (HSIV) in M. leonina PBMCs. Notably, HSIV-vifmac and stHIV-1SV chimeras, two HIV-1NL4-3-derived viruses encoding the viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein from SIVmac239, replicated robustly in cells from M. leonina, which suggests that HSIV could effectively antagonize the antiviral activity of APOBEC3 proteins expressed in cells of M. leonina. Therefore, our data demonstrate that M. leonina has the potential to be developed into a promising animal model for human AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Gao-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Jia-Wu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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44
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Del Prete GQ, Eilers B, Moldt B, Keele BF, Estes JD, Rodriguez A, Sampias M, Oswald K, Fast R, Trubey CM, Chertova E, Smedley J, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Burton DR, Shaw GM, Markowitz M, Piatak M, KewalRamani VN, Bieniasz PD, Lifson JD, Hatziioannou T. Selection of unadapted, pathogenic SHIVs encoding newly transmitted HIV-1 envelope proteins. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 16:412-8. [PMID: 25211081 PMCID: PMC4268878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection of macaques with chimeric viruses based on SIVMAC but expressing the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins (SHIVs) remains the most powerful model for evaluating prevention and therapeutic strategies against AIDS. Unfortunately, only a few SHIVs are currently available. Furthermore, their generation has required extensive adaptation of the HIV-1 Env sequences in macaques so they may not accurately represent HIV-1 Env proteins circulating in humans, potentially limiting their translational utility. We developed a strategy for generating large numbers of SHIV constructs expressing Env proteins from newly transmitted HIV-1 strains. By inoculating macaques with cocktails of multiple SHIV variants, we selected SHIVs that can replicate and cause AIDS-like disease in immunologically intact rhesus macaques without requiring animal-to-animal passage. One of these SHIVs could be transmitted mucosally. We demonstrate the utility of the SHIVs generated by this method for evaluating neutralizing antibody administration as a protection against mucosal SHIV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Q Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Braiden Eilers
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Brian Moldt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Anthony Rodriguez
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marissa Sampias
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelli Oswald
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Randy Fast
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Charles M Trubey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Elena Chertova
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marty Markowitz
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Vineet N KewalRamani
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Laboratory of Retrovirology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Theodora Hatziioannou
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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45
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Phillips KA, Bales KL, Capitanio JP, Conley A, Czoty PW, ‘t Hart BA, Hopkins WD, Hu SL, Miller LA, Nader MA, Nathanielsz PW, Rogers J, Shively CA, Voytko ML. Why primate models matter. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:801-27. [PMID: 24723482 PMCID: PMC4145602 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) has played a vital role in many of the medical and scientific advances of the past century. NHPs are used because of their similarity to humans in physiology, neuroanatomy, reproduction, development, cognition, and social complexity-yet it is these very similarities that make the use of NHPs in biomedical research a considered decision. As primate researchers, we feel an obligation and responsibility to present the facts concerning why primates are used in various areas of biomedical research. Recent decisions in the United States, including the phasing out of chimpanzees in research by the National Institutes of Health and the pending closure of the New England Primate Research Center, illustrate to us the critical importance of conveying why continued research with primates is needed. Here, we review key areas in biomedicine where primate models have been, and continue to be, essential for advancing fundamental knowledge in biomedical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A. Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio TX 78212
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX
| | - Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
| | - John P. Capitanio
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
| | - Alan Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Paul W. Czoty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Bert A. ‘t Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswick, The Netherlands
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Neuroscience Institute and Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30302
- Division of Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta GA 30030
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio TX 78229
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Mary Lou Voytko
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
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46
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Karl JA, Heimbruch KE, Vriezen CE, Mironczuk CJ, Dudley DM, Wiseman RW, O'Connor DH. Survey of major histocompatibility complex class II diversity in pig-tailed macaques. Immunogenetics 2014; 66:613-23. [PMID: 25129472 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-014-0797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) serve as important models for human infectious disease research. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are important to this research since they present peptides to CD4+ T cells. Despite the importance of characterizing the MHC-II alleles expressed in model species like pig-tailed macaques, to date, less than 150 MHC-II alleles have been named for the six most common classical class II loci (DRA, DRB, DQA, DQB, DPA, and DPB) in this population. Additionally, only a small percentage of these alleles are full-length, making it impossible to use the known sequence for reagent development. To address this, we developed a fast, high-throughput method to discover full-length MHC-II alleles and used it to characterize alleles in 32 pig-tailed macaques. By this method, we identified 128 total alleles across all six loci. We also performed an exon 2-based genotyping assay to validate the full-length sequencing results; this genotyping assay could be optimized for use in determining MHC-II allele frequencies in large cohorts of pig-tailed macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Karl
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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47
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Hatziioannou T, Del Prete GQ, Keele BF, Estes JD, McNatt MW, Bitzegeio J, Raymond A, Rodriguez A, Schmidt F, Mac Trubey C, Smedley J, Piatak M, KewalRamani VN, Lifson JD, Bieniasz PD. HIV-1-induced AIDS in monkeys. Science 2014; 344:1401-5. [PMID: 24948736 PMCID: PMC4266393 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Primate lentiviruses exhibit narrow host tropism, reducing the occurrence of zoonoses but also impairing the development of optimal animal models of AIDS. To delineate the factors limiting cross-species HIV-1 transmission, we passaged a modified HIV-1 in pigtailed macaques that were transiently depleted of CD8(+) cells during acute infection. During adaptation over four passages in macaques, HIV-1 acquired the ability to antagonize the macaque restriction factor tetherin, replicated at progressively higher levels, and ultimately caused marked CD4(+) T cell depletion and AIDS-defining conditions. Transient treatment with an antibody to CD8 during acute HIV-1 infection caused rapid progression to AIDS, whereas untreated animals exhibited an elite controller phenotype. Thus, an adapted HIV-1 can cause AIDS in macaques, and stark differences in outcome can be determined by immunological perturbations during early infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Q Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Matthew W McNatt
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julia Bitzegeio
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alice Raymond
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anthony Rodriguez
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fabian Schmidt
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - C Mac Trubey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Vineet N KewalRamani
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 455 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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48
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Otsuki H, Yoneda M, Igarashi T, Miura T. Generation of a monkey-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carrying env from a CCR5-tropic subtype C clinical isolate. Virology 2014; 460-461:1-10. [PMID: 25010265 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several derivatives of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that evade macaque restriction factors and establish infection in pig-tailed macaques (PtMs) have been described. These monkey-tropic HIV-1s utilize CXCR4 as a co-receptor that differs from CCR5 used by most currently circulating HIV-1 strains. We generated a new monkey-tropic HIV-1 carrying env from a CCR5-tropic subtype C HIV-1 clinical isolate. Using intracellular homologous recombination, we generated an uncloned chimeric virus consisting of at least seven types of recombination breakpoints in the region between vpr and env. The virus increased its replication capacity while maintaining CCR5 tropism after in vitro passage in PtM primary lymphocytes. PtM infection with the adapted virus exhibited high peak viremia levels in plasma while the virus was undetectable at 12-16 weeks. This virus serves as starting point for generating a pathogenic monkey-tropic HIV-1 with CCR5-tropic subtype C env, perhaps through serial passage in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Otsuki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mai Yoneda
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Igarashi
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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49
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Enhanced antiretroviral therapy in rhesus macaques improves RT-SHIV viral decay kinetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3927-33. [PMID: 24777106 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02522-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an established nonhuman primate model, rhesus macaques were infected intravenously with a chimeric simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) consisting of SIVmac239 with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase from clone HXBc2 (RT-SHIV). The impacts of two enhanced (four- and five-drug) highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) on early viral decay and rebound were determined. The four-drug combination consisted of an integrase inhibitor, L-870-812 (L-812), together with a three-drug regimen comprising emtricitabine [(-)-FTC], tenofovir (TFV), and efavirenz (EFV). The five-drug combination consisted of one analog for each of the four DNA precursors {using TFV, (-)-FTC, (-)-β-D-(2R,4R)-1,3-dioxolane-2,6-diaminopurine (amdoxovir [DAPD]), and zidovudine (AZT)}, together with EFV. A cohort treated with a three-drug combination of (-)-FTC, TFV, and EFV served as treated controls. Daily administration of a three-, four-, or five-drug combination of antiretroviral agents was initiated at week 6 or 8 after inoculation and continued up to week 50, followed by a rebound period. Plasma samples were collected routinely, and drug levels were monitored using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Viral loads were monitored with a standard TaqMan quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. Comprehensive analyses of replication dynamics were performed. RT-SHIV infection in rhesus macaques produced typical viral infection kinetics, with untreated controls establishing persistent viral loads of >10(4) copies of RNA/ml. RT-SHIV loads at the start of treatment (V0) were similar in all treated cohorts (P > 0.5). All antiretroviral drug levels were measureable in plasma. The four-drug and five-drug combination regimens (enhanced HAART) improved suppression of the viral load (within 1 week; P < 0.01) and had overall greater potency (P < 0.02) than the three-drug regimen (HAART). Moreover, rebound viremia occurred rapidly following cessation of any treatment. The enhanced HAART (four- or five-drug combination) showed significant improvement in viral suppression compared to the three-drug combination, but no combination was sufficient to eliminate viral reservoirs.
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50
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McNicholl JM, Henning TC, Vishwanathan SA, Kersh EN. Non-human primate models of hormonal contraception and HIV. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 71:513-22. [PMID: 24716832 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Recent concerns that hormonal contraception (HC) may increase risk of HIV acquisition has led to keen interest in using non-human primates (NHP) to understand the underlying mechanism and the magnitude of the risk. This is, in part, because some experiments which would be difficult or logistically impossible in women are more easily conducted in NHP. METHOD OF STUDY NHP models of HIV can inform HIV acquisition and pathogenesis research and identify and evaluate biomedical preventions and treatments for HIV/AIDS. Widely used species include rhesus, pigtail, and cynomolgous macaques. RESULTS This paper reviews past, current and proposed NHP research around the intersection of HIV and HC. CONCLUSION NHP research may lead to the identification of hormonally regulated biomarkers that correlate with HIV-acquisition risk, to a ranking of existing or next-generation HC along an HIV-acquisition risk profile, and inform research around new biomedical preventions for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M McNicholl
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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