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Sandgaard AD, Shemesh N, Østergaard L, Kiselev VG, Jespersen SN. The Larmor frequency shift of a white matter magnetic microstructure model with multiple sources. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5150. [PMID: 38553824 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic susceptibility imaging may provide valuable information about chemical composition and microstructural organization of tissue. However, its estimation from the MRI signal phase is particularly difficult as it is sensitive to magnetic tissue properties ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic scale. The MRI Larmor frequency shift measured in white matter (WM) tissue depends on the myelinated axons and other magnetizable sources such as iron-filled ferritin. We have previously derived the Larmor frequency shift arising from a dense medium of cylinders with scalar susceptibility and arbitrary orientation dispersion. Here, we extend our model to include microscopic WM susceptibility anisotropy as well as spherical inclusions with scalar susceptibility to represent subcellular structures, biologically stored iron, and so forth. We validate our analytical results with computer simulations and investigate the feasibility of estimating susceptibility using simple iterative linear least squares without regularization or preconditioning. This is done in a digital brain phantom synthesized from diffusion MRI measurements of an ex vivo mouse brain at ultra-high field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dyhr Sandgaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Valerij G Kiselev
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sune Nørhøj Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Krokengen OC, Touma C, Mularski A, Sutinen A, Dunkel R, Ytterdal M, Raasakka A, Mertens HDT, Simonsen AC, Kursula P. The cytoplasmic tail of myelin protein zero induces morphological changes in lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184368. [PMID: 38971517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The major myelin protein expressed by the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells is protein zero (P0), which represents 50% of the total protein content in myelin. This 30-kDa integral membrane protein consists of an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain, a transmembrane helix, and a 69-residue C-terminal cytoplasmic tail (P0ct). The basic residues in P0ct contribute to the tight packing of myelin lipid bilayers, and alterations in the tail affect how P0 functions as an adhesion molecule necessary for the stability of compact myelin. Several neurodegenerative neuropathies are related to P0, including the more common Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS) as well as rare cases of motor and sensory polyneuropathy. We found that high P0ct concentrations affected the membrane properties of bicelles and induced a lamellar-to-inverted hexagonal phase transition, which caused bicelles to fuse into long, protein-containing filament-like structures. These structures likely reflect the formation of semicrystalline lipid domains with potential relevance for myelination. Not only is P0ct important for stacking lipid membranes, but time-lapse fluorescence microscopy also shows that it might affect membrane properties during myelination. We further describe recombinant production and low-resolution structural characterization of full-length human P0. Our findings shed light on P0ct effects on membrane properties, and with the successful purification of full-length P0, we have new tools to study the role of P0 in myelin formation and maintenance in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oda C Krokengen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christine Touma
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Mularski
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ryan Dunkel
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Ytterdal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Haydyn D T Mertens
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL, Hamburg Site, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam Cohen Simonsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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3
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Boseley RE, Sylvain NJ, Peeling L, Kelly ME, Pushie MJ. A review of concepts and methods for FTIR imaging of biomarker changes in the post-stroke brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184287. [PMID: 38266967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Stroke represents a core area of study in neurosciences and public health due to its global contribution toward mortality and disability. The intricate pathophysiology of stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic events, involves the interruption in oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain. Disruption of these crucial processes in the central nervous system leads to metabolic dysregulation and cell death. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can simultaneously measure total protein and lipid content along with a number of key biomarkers within brain tissue that cannot be observed using conventional techniques. FTIR imaging provides the opportunity to visualize this information in tissue which has not been chemically treated prior to analysis, thus retaining the spatial distribution and in situ chemical information. Here we present a review of FTIR imaging methods for investigating the biomarker responses in the post-stroke brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon E Boseley
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Nicole J Sylvain
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Lissa Peeling
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - M Jake Pushie
- Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada.
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4
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Hsieh CCJ, Lo YC, Wang HH, Shen HY, Chen YY, Lee YC. Amelioration of the brain structural connectivity is accompanied with changes of gut microbiota in a tuberous sclerosis complex mouse model. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38296969 PMCID: PMC10830571 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease that causes benign tumors and dysfunctions in many organs, including the brain. Aside from the brain malformations, many individuals with TSC exhibit neuropsychiatric symptoms. Among these symptoms, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common co-morbidities, affecting up to 60% of the population. Past neuroimaging studies strongly suggested that the impairments in brain connectivity contribute to ASD, whether or not TSC-related. Specifically, the tract-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis provides information on the fiber integrity and has been used to study the neuropathological changes in the white matter of TSC patients with ASD symptoms. In our previous study, curcumin, a diet-derived mTOR inhibitor has been shown to effectively mitigate learning and memory deficits and anxiety-like behavior in Tsc2+/- mice via inhibiting astroglial proliferation. Recently, gut microbiota, which is greatly influenced by the diet, has been considered to play an important role in regulating several components of the central nervous system, including glial functions. In this study, we showed that the abnormal social behavior in the Tsc2+/- mice can be ameliorated by the dietary curcumin treatment. Second, using tract-based DTI analysis, we found that the Tsc2+/- mice exhibited altered fractional anisotropy, axial and radial diffusivities of axonal bundles connecting the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, and amygdala, indicating a decreased brain network. Third, the dietary curcumin treatment improved the DTI metrics, in accordance with changes in the gut microbiota composition. At the bacterial phylum level, we showed that the abundances of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Tenericutes were significantly correlated with the DTI metrics FA, AD, and RD, respectively. Finally, we revealed that the expression of myelin-associated proteins, myelin bassic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) was increased after the treatment. Overall, we showed a strong correlation between structural connectivity alterations and social behavioral deficits, as well as the diet-dependent changes in gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Shen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Maleš P, Brkljača Z, Crnolatac I, Petrov D, Bakarić D. Phase-Dependent Adsorption of Myelin Basic Protein to Phosphatidylcholine Lipid Bilayers. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:15. [PMID: 38248705 PMCID: PMC10819005 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The dense packing of opposite cytoplasmic surfaces of the lipid-enriched myelin membrane, responsible for the proper saltatory conduction of nerve impulses through axons, is ensured by the adhesive properties of myelin basic protein (MBP). Although preferentially interacting with negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids, as an intrinsically disordered protein, it can easily adapt its shape to its immediate environment and thus adsorb to domains made of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids. As the molecular-level interaction pattern between MBP and PC lipid membranes suffers from scarce characterization, an experimental and computational study of multilamellar liposomes (MLVs) composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in the presence of bovine MBP is presented here. Calorimetric and temperature-dependent UV-Vis measurements identified DPPC pretransition temperature (Tp) and calorimetric enthalpy (ΔHcal) as the physicochemical parameters most responsive to the presence of MBP. Besides suggesting an increase in β-sheet fractions of structured MBP segments as DPPC lipids undergo from the gel (20 °C) to the fluid (50 °C) phase, FTIR spectra unraveled the significant contribution of lysine (Lys) residues in the adsorption pattern, especially when DPPC is in the fluid (50 °C) phase. In addition to highlighting the importance of Lys residues in the MBP adsorption on DPPC lipid bilayer, employing salt bridges (SBs) and hydrogen bonds (HBs), MD data suggest the crucial importance of the orientation of MBP with respect to the surface of the DPPC lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Maleš
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (Z.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (Z.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (Z.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Dražen Petrov
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Danijela Bakarić
- Division for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.M.); (Z.B.); (I.C.)
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Zhang Y, Huang R, Iepure M, Merriman S, Min Y. Geocolloidal interactions and relaxation dynamics under nanoconfinement: Effects of salinity and particle concentration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 656:200-213. [PMID: 37989053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Energy-related contaminants are frequently associated with geocolloids that translocate in underground fissures with dimensions comparable with geocolloids. To assess the transport and impact of energy-related contaminants in geological systems, fundamental understandings of interfacial behaviors of nanoparticles under confinement is imperative. We hypothesize that the dynamic properties of geocolloids, as well as their dependence on aqueous medium conditions would deviate from bulk behaviors under nanoconfinement. EXPERIMENTS Force profiles and rheological properties of 50 nm silica nanoparticles in aqueous media confined between mica surfaces as a function of surface separation, particle concentrations, and salinity were measured utilizing the surface forces apparatus. FINDINGS Force profiles revealed the critical surface separation for nonlinear rheological behaviors coincides with the onset of exponential repulsion between mica surfaces. When salts were absent, the normal forces and viscosity values of colloidal suspensions resembled pure water. In contrast, with salts, the force profiles and corresponding critical length scales were found to be highly sensitive to the particle concentration and the degree of confinement. A Newtonian to shear-thinning transition was captured with increasing degrees of confinement. Our results show that the interplay among confinement, particle, and ionic concentrations can alter the interparticle forces and rheological responses of true nanosized-colloidal suspensions and thus their transport behaviors under nanoconfinement for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521 CA, USA
| | - Rundong Huang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521 CA, USA
| | - Monica Iepure
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521 CA, USA
| | - Stephen Merriman
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 44325 OH, USA
| | - Younjin Min
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside 92521 CA, USA; Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 92521 CA, USA.
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7
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Träger J, Meister A, Hause G, Harauz G, Hinderberger D. Shaping membrane interfaces in lipid vesicles mimicking the cytoplasmic leaflet of myelin through variation of cholesterol and myelin basic protein contents. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184179. [PMID: 37244538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is an intrinsically disordered protein and in the central nervous system (CNS) mainly responsible for connecting the cytoplasmic surfaces of the multilamellar, compact myelin. Increased posttranslational modification of MBP is linked to both, the natural development (from adolescent to adult brains) of myelin, and features of multiple sclerosis. Here, we study how a combination of this intrinsically disordered myelin protein with varying the natural cholesterol content may alter the characteristics of myelin-like membranes and interactions between these membranes. Large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) with a composition mimicking the cytoplasmic leaflet of myelin were chosen as the model system, in which different parameters contributing to the interactions between the lipid membrane and MBP were investigated. While we use cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for imaging, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic measurements through continuously-monitored phase-analysis light scattering (cmPALS) were used for a more global overview of particle size and charge, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was utilized for local behavior of lipids in the vesicles' membranes in aqueous solution. The cholesterol content was varied from 060 % in these LUVs and measurements were performed in the presence and absence of MBP. We find that the composition of the lipid layers is relevant to the interaction with MBP. Not only the size, the shape and the aggregation behavior of the vesicles depend on the cholesterol content, but also within each membrane, cholesterol's freedom of movement, its environmental polarity and its distribution were found to depend on the content using the EPR-active spin-labeled cholesterol (CSOSL). In addition, DLS and EPR measurements probing the transition temperatures of the lipid phases allow a correlation of specific behavior with the human body temperature of 37 °C. Overall, our results aid in understanding the importance of the native cholesterol content in the healthy myelin membrane, which serves as the basis for stable and optimum protein-bilayer interactions. Although studied in this specific myelin-like system, from a more general and materials science-oriented point of view, we could establish how membrane and vesicle properties depend on cholesterol and/or MBP content, which might be useful generally when specific membrane and vesicle characteristics are sought for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennica Träger
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry - Complex Self-organizing Systems, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Physical Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biocenter, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry - Complex Self-organizing Systems, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem at the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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8
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Dong X, Sun S, Li J, Shen S, Chen W, Li T, Li X. Identification of potential functional peptides involved in demyelinating injury in the central nervous system. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15846. [PMID: 37637167 PMCID: PMC10448882 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurologic disease characterized by the demyelinating injury of the central nervous system (CNS). It was reported that the mutant peptide came from myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) might play a critical role in immunotherapy function of MS. However, endogenous peptides in demyelinating brain tissue of MS and their role in the pathologic process of MS have not been revealed. Here, we performed peptidomic analysis of freshly isolated corpus callosum (CC) from the brains of CPZ-treated mice and normal diet controls of male C57BL/6 mice by LC-MS/MS. Identified a total of 217 peptides were expressed at different levels in MS mice model compared with controls. By performed GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis, we found that the precursor protein of these differently expressed peptides (DEPs) were associated with myelin sheath and oxidative phosphorylation. Our study is the first brain peptidomic of MS mice model, revealing the distinct features of DEPs in demyelination brain tissue. These DPEs may provide further insight into the pathogenesis and complexity of MS, which would facilitate the discovery of the potential novel and effective strategy for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Tongqi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Louie AY, Kim JS, Drnevich J, Dibaeinia P, Koito H, Sinha S, McKim DB, Soto-Diaz K, Nowak RA, Das A, Steelman AJ. Influenza A virus infection disrupts oligodendrocyte homeostasis and alters the myelin lipidome in the adult mouse. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:190. [PMID: 37596606 PMCID: PMC10439573 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that myelin may be altered by physiological events occurring outside of the central nervous system, which may cause changes to cognition and behavior. Similarly, peripheral infection by non-neurotropic viruses is also known to evoke changes to cognition and behavior. METHODS Mice were inoculated with saline or influenza A virus. Bulk RNA-seq, lipidomics, RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, immunostaining, and western blots were used to determine the effect of infection on OL viability, protein expression and changes to the lipidome. To determine if microglia mediated infection-induced changes to OL homeostasis, mice were treated with GW2580, an inhibitor of microglia activation. Additionally, conditioned medium experiments using primary glial cell cultures were also used to test whether secreted factors from microglia could suppress OL gene expression. RESULTS Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses revealed temporal downregulation of OL-specific transcripts with concurrent upregulation of markers characteristic of cellular stress. OLs isolated from infected mice had reduced cellular expression of myelin proteins compared with those from saline-inoculated controls. In contrast, the expression of these proteins within myelin was not different between groups. Similarly, histological and immunoblotting analysis performed on various brain regions indicated that infection did not alter OL viability, but increased expression of a cellular stress marker. Shot-gun lipidomic analysis revealed that infection altered the lipid profile within the prefrontal cortex as well as in purified brain myelin and that these changes persisted after recovery from infection. Treatment with GW2580 during infection suppressed the expression of genes associated with glial activation and partially restored OL-specific transcripts to baseline levels. Finally, conditioned medium from activated microglia reduced OL-gene expression in primary OLs without altering their viability. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that peripheral respiratory viral infection with IAV is capable of altering OL homeostasis and indicate that microglia activation is likely involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y Louie
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 3306, IBB, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, 315 Fernst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3516 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Bldg., 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Payam Dibaeinia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 201 North Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hisami Koito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado-shi, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 201 North Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Daniel B McKim
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Katiria Soto-Diaz
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 201 North Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aditi Das
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 3306, IBB, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, 315 Fernst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 3516 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Bldg., 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Neuroscience Program, 2325/21 Beckman Institute, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Center at Illinois, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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10
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Paquola C, Hong SJ. The Potential of Myelin-Sensitive Imaging: Redefining Spatiotemporal Patterns of Myeloarchitecture. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:442-454. [PMID: 36481065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have paved the way for approximation of myelin content in vivo. In this review, our main goal was to determine how to best capitalize on myelin-sensitive imaging. First, we briefly overview the theoretical and empirical basis for the myelin sensitivity of different MRI markers and, in doing so, highlight how multimodal imaging approaches are important for enhancing specificity to myelin. Then, we discuss recent studies that have probed the nonuniform distribution of myelin across cortical layers and along white matter tracts. These approaches, collectively known as myelin profiling, have provided detailed depictions of myeloarchitecture in both the postmortem and living human brain. Notably, MRI-based profiling studies have recently focused on investigating whether it can capture interindividual variability in myelin characteristics as well as trajectories across the lifespan. Finally, another line of recent evidence emphasizes the contribution of region-specific myelination to large-scale organization, demonstrating the impact of myelination on global brain networks. In conclusion, we suggest that combining well-validated MRI markers with profiling techniques holds strong potential to elucidate individual differences in myeloarchitecture, which has important implications for understanding brain function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Paquola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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11
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Timmermann A, Tascio D, Jabs R, Boehlen A, Domingos C, Skubal M, Huang W, Kirchhoff F, Henneberger C, Bilkei-Gorzo A, Seifert G, Steinhäuser C. Dysfunction of NG2 glial cells affects neuronal plasticity and behavior. Glia 2023; 71:1481-1501. [PMID: 36802096 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
NG2 glia represents a distinct type of macroglial cells in the CNS and is unique among glia because they receive synaptic input from neurons. They are abundantly present in white and gray matter. While the majority of white matter NG2 glia differentiates into oligodendrocytes, the physiological impact of gray matter NG2 glia and their synaptic input are still ill defined. Here, we asked whether dysfunctional NG2 glia affect neuronal signaling and behavior. We generated mice with inducible deletion of the K+ channel Kir4.1 in NG2 glia and performed comparative electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, molecular and behavioral analyses. Kir4.1 was deleted at postnatal day 23-26 (recombination efficiency about 75%) and mice were investigated 3-8 weeks later. Notably, these mice with dysfunctional NG2 glia demonstrated improved spatial memory as revealed by testing new object location recognition while working and social memory remained unaffected. Focussing on the hippocampus, we found that loss of Kir4.1 potentiated synaptic depolarizations of NG2 glia and stimulated the expression of myelin basic protein while proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal NG2 glia remained largely unaffected. Mice with targeted deletion of the K+ channel in NG2 glia showed impaired long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 synapses, which could be fully rescued by extracellular application of a TrkB receptor agonist. Our data demonstrate that proper NG2 glia function is important for normal brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Timmermann
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dario Tascio
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald Jabs
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Boehlen
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Catia Domingos
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Magdalena Skubal
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Henneberger
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Seifert
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Lai JHC, Liu J, Yang T, Huang J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Lee Y, Leung GKK, Chan KWY. Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Longitudinal Assessment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Deferoxamine Treatment at 3T in a Mouse Model. Stroke 2023; 54:255-264. [PMID: 36416125 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive imaging of molecular alterations after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) could provide valuable information to guide and monitor treatments. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated promises in identifying proliferation, necrosis, and changes in cellularity in brain tumors. Here, we applied CEST magnetic resonance imaging to monitor molecular changes in hematoma without and with treatment noninvasively over 2 weeks at 3T using endogenous contrast. METHODS CEST contrast related to proteins at 3.5 ppm (amide proton transfer) and proteins/lipids at -3.5 ppm (relayed nuclear overhauser effect [rNOE]) were examined over 14 days in a collagenase-induced ICH mouse model. Imaging findings were validated with immunohistochemistry based on the ICH neuropathology. We also examined iron-containing phantoms that mimicked iron concentrations in hematoma to ensure the iron will not attenuate the CEST contrast during disease progression. Based on the validity of the CEST contrast of hematoma, we further examined related molecular alterations under iron-chelation treatment with deferoxamine. RESULTS We observed the temporal and spatial differences of CEST contrasts between rNOE at -3.5 ppm and amide proton transfer at 3.5 ppm, in which the core and perihematoma could be identified by rNOE on day 3 and day 14, and amide proton transfer on day 1, day 7, and day 14. Moreover, we observed a 25.7% significant reduction (P<0.05) of rNOE contrast after deferoxamine treatment to the ICH mice on day 3, which was not observable in amide proton transfer contrast. Our histology data indicated that rNOE primarily correlated with the myelin pathology, and amide proton transfer could reflect the cellularity increase at hematoma up to day 7. CONCLUSIONS Significant rNOE changes correlated well with histologic findings, especially myelin lipids, and regional characteristics in hematoma indicate the uniqueness of CEST magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring molecular changes during ICH and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H C Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.H.C.L., J.H., Y. Liu, Z.C., K.W.Y.C.), City University of Hong Kong
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (J.L., T.Y., Y. Liu)
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (J.L., T.Y., Y. Liu)
| | - Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.H.C.L., J.H., Y. Liu, Z.C., K.W.Y.C.), City University of Hong Kong
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.H.C.L., J.H., Y. Liu, Z.C., K.W.Y.C.), City University of Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (J.L., T.Y., Y. Liu)
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.H.C.L., J.H., Y. Liu, Z.C., K.W.Y.C.), City University of Hong Kong
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Neuroscience (Y. Lee), City University of Hong Kong
| | | | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.H.C.L., J.H., Y. Liu, Z.C., K.W.Y.C.), City University of Hong Kong.,Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre (K.W.Y.C.), City University of Hong Kong.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.W.Y.C.).,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, China (K.W.Y.C.).,Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (K.W.Y.C.)
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13
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Springer CS, Baker EM, Li X, Moloney B, Pike MM, Wilson GJ, Anderson VC, Sammi MK, Garzotto MG, Kopp RP, Coakley FV, Rooney WD, Maki JH. Metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI): II. Noninvasive, high-resolution human brain mapping of sodium pump flux and cell metrics. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4782. [PMID: 35654761 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new 1 H2 O magnetic resonance approach: metabolic activity diffusion imaging (MADI). Numerical diffusion-weighted imaging decay simulations characterized by the mean cellular water efflux (unidirectional) rate constant (kio ), mean cell volume (V), and cell number density (ρ) are produced from Monte Carlo random walks in virtual stochastically sized/shaped cell ensembles. Because of active steady-state trans-membrane water cycling (AWC), kio reflects the cytolemmal Na+ , K+ ATPase (NKA) homeostatic cellular metabolic rate (c MRNKA ). A digital 3D "library" contains thousands of simulated single diffusion-encoded (SDE) decays. Library entries match well with disparate, animal, and human experimental SDE decays. The V and ρ values are consistent with estimates from pertinent in vitro cytometric and ex vivo histopathological literature: in vivo V and ρ values were previously unavailable. The library allows noniterative pixel-by-pixel experimental SDE decay library matchings that can be used to advantage. They yield proof-of-concept MADI parametric mappings of the awake, resting human brain. These reflect the tissue morphology seen in conventional MRI. While V is larger in gray matter (GM) than in white matter (WM), the reverse is true for ρ. Many brain structures have kio values too large for current, invasive methods. For example, the median WM kio is 22s-1 ; likely reflecting mostly exchange within myelin. The kio •V product map displays brain tissue c MRNKA variation. The GM activity correlates, quantitatively and qualitatively, with the analogous resting-state brain 18 FDG-PET tissue glucose consumption rate (t MRglucose ) map; but noninvasively, with higher spatial resolution, and no pharmacokinetic requirement. The cortex, thalamus, putamen, and caudate exhibit elevated metabolic activity. MADI accuracy and precision are assessed. The results are contextualized with literature overall homeostatic brain glucose consumption and ATP production/consumption measures. The MADI/PET results suggest different GM and WM metabolic pathways. Preliminary human prostate results are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric M Baker
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brendan Moloney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory J Wilson
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Valerie C Anderson
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Manoj K Sammi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark G Garzotto
- Department of Urology, Portland VA Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ryan P Kopp
- Department of Urology, Portland VA Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Fergus V Coakley
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Maki
- Department of Radiology, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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14
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Sarmah RJ, Kundu S. Stable layers of pure myelin basic protein (MBP): Structure, morphology and hysteresis behaviours. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.130973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Ma J, Zheng Z, Hoque MJ, Li L, Rabbi KF, Ho JY, Braun PV, Wang P, Miljkovic N. A Lipid-Inspired Highly Adhesive Interface for Durable Superhydrophobicity in Wet Environments and Stable Jumping Droplet Condensation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4251-4262. [PMID: 35275638 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Creating thin (<100 nm) hydrophobic coatings that are durable in wet conditions remains challenging. Although the dropwise condensation of steam on thin hydrophobic coatings can enhance condensation heat transfer by 1000%, these coatings easily delaminate. Designing interfaces with high adhesion while maintaining a nanoscale coating thickness is key to overcoming this challenge. In nature, cell membranes face this same challenge where nanometer-thick lipid bilayers achieve high adhesion in wet environments to maintain integrity. Nature ensures this adhesion by forming a lipid interface having two nonpolar surfaces, demonstrating high physicochemical resistance to biofluids attempting to open the interface. Here, developing an artificial lipid-like interface that utilizes fluorine-carbon molecular chains can achieve durable nanometric hydrophobic coatings. The application of our approach to create a superhydrophobic material shows high stability during jumping-droplet-enhanced condensation as quantified from a continual one-year steam condensation experiment. The jumping-droplet condensation enhanced condensation heat transfer coefficient up to 400% on tube samples when compared to filmwise condensation on bare copper. Our bioinspired materials design principle can be followed to develop many durable hydrophobic surfaces using alternate substrate-coating pairs, providing stable hydrophobicity or superhydrophobicity to a plethora of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Ma
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zhuoyuan Zheng
- Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Muhammad Jahidul Hoque
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Longnan Li
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kazi Fazle Rabbi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jin Yao Ho
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Pingfeng Wang
- Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nenad Miljkovic
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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16
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Meschkat M, Steyer AM, Weil MT, Kusch K, Jahn O, Piepkorn L, Agüi-Gonzalez P, Phan NTN, Ruhwedel T, Sadowski B, Rizzoli SO, Werner HB, Ehrenreich H, Nave KA, Möbius W. White matter integrity in mice requires continuous myelin synthesis at the inner tongue. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1163. [PMID: 35246535 PMCID: PMC8897471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin, the electrically insulating sheath on axons, undergoes dynamic changes over time. However, it is composed of proteins with long lifetimes. This raises the question how such a stable structure is renewed. Here, we study the integrity of myelinated tracts after experimentally preventing the formation of new myelin in the CNS of adult mice, using an inducible Mbp null allele. Oligodendrocytes survive recombination, continue to express myelin genes, but they fail to maintain compacted myelin sheaths. Using 3D electron microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging we visualize myelin-like membranes failing to incorporate adaxonally, most prominently at juxta-paranodes. Myelinoid body formation indicates degradation of existing myelin at the abaxonal side and the inner tongue of the sheath. Thinning of compact myelin and shortening of internodes result in the loss of about 50% of myelin and axonal pathology within 20 weeks post recombination. In summary, our data suggest that functional axon-myelin units require the continuous incorporation of new myelin membranes. Myelin is formed of proteins of long half-lives. The mechanisms of renewal of such a stable structure are unclear. Here, the authors show that myelin integrity requires continuous myelin synthesis at the inner tongue, contributing to the maintenance of a functional axon-myelin unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meschkat
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences (GGNB), Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Abberior Instruments GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M Steyer
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Imaging Centre, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Weil
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational Neuroproteomics Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paola Agüi-Gonzalez
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nhu Thi Ngoc Phan
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Boguslawa Sadowski
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. .,Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. .,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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17
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Cho H, Lee H, Gong Y, Kim YR, Cho J, Cho HJ. Quantitative susceptibility mapping and R1 measurement: Determination of the myelin volume fraction in the aging ex vivo rat corpus callosum. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4645. [PMID: 34739153 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In studies of the white matter (WM) in aging brains, both quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and direct R1 measurement offer potentially useful ex vivo MRI tools that allow volumetric characterization of myelin content changes. Despite the technical importance of such MRI methods in numerous age-related diseases, the supposed linear relationship between the estimates of either the QSM or R1 method and age-affected myelin contents has not been validated. In this study, the absolute myelin volume fraction (MVF) was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as a gold standard measure for comparison with the values obtained by the aforementioned MR methods. To theoretically evaluate and understand the MR signal characteristics, QSM simulations were performed using the finite perturber method (FPM). Specifically, the simulation geometry modeling was based on TEM-derived structures aligned orthogonally to the main magnetic field, the construct of which was used to estimate the magnetic field shift (ΔB) changes arising from the conjectured myelin structures. Experimentally, ex vivo corpus callosum (CC) samples from rat brains obtained at 6 weeks (n = 3), 4 months (n = 3), and 20 months (n = 3) after birth were used to establish the relationship between changes quantified by either QSM or R1 with the absolute MVF by TEM. From the ex vivo brain samples, the scatterplot of mean MVF versus R1 was fitted to a linear equation, where R1mean = 0.7948 × MVFmean + 0.8118 (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.9138; p < 0.01), while the scatterplot of mean MVF versus MRI-derived magnetic susceptibility (χ) was also fitted to a line where χmeasured,mean = -0.1218 × MVFmean - 0.006345 (r = -0.8435; p < 0.01). As a result of the FPM-based QSM simulations, a linearly proportional relationship between the simulated magnetic susceptibility, χsimulated,mean , and MVF (r = -0.9648; p < 0.01) was established. Such a statistically significant linear correlation between MRI-derived values by the QSM (or R1 ) method and MVF demonstrated that variable myelin contents in the WM (i.e., CC) can be quantified across multiple stages of aging. These findings further support that both techniques based on QSM and R1 provide an efficient means of studying the brain-aging process with accurate volumetric quantification of the myelin content in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwapyeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yelim Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Young Ro Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junghun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyung Joon Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
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18
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In Vitro Application of Langmuir Monolayer Model: The interfacial Behavior of Myelin Basic Protein with a Plasma Membrane Model. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:71-78. [PMID: 35084527 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The stability and compactness of myelin structure and brain homeostasis depend on MBP and glial cell plasma membrane interactions. In order to get more detailed mechanisms of this interaction, the MBP of different concentrations interacting with plasma membrane (POPC/POPE/POPS/Cholesterol (Chol)) model to form bionic membrane was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Langmuir monolayer technology. The surface pressure(π)-area(A) curve is analyzed by the elastic modulus ([Formula: see text]) and two-dimensional virial equation of state (2D-VES), and the second virial coefficient of the interaction between MBP and plasma membrane molecules was calculated. (i) According to two-dimensional virial equation, it could be analyzed that with the increase of MBP concentration in the subphase, the value of the second virial coefficient increases also, which indicates that MBP is absorbed into lipid membrane of the plasma membrane model at low surface pressure and that the interaction between the molecules is spatial repulsive force, and (ii) in the monolayers with MBP, resulting in an increasing mean molecular area and monolayer stability due to hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the positively charged MBP with hydrophobic residues and negatively charged POPS and neutral lipid (POPC, POPE). AFM surface topographic results correspond to the results of the curve analysis, indicating that MBP of different concentrations has significant influences on alignment and conformation of plasma membrane, which is of great medical value and biological significance to the application of interaction between MBP and myelin lipid membrane in treatment of central nervous diseases. Adsorption model of interaction between MBP and plasma membrane model.
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19
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Cruz-Méndez JS, Herrera-Sánchez MP, Céspedes-Rubio ÁE, Rondón-Barragán IS. Molecular characterization of myelin basic protein a (mbpa) gene from red-bellied pacu (Piaractus brachypomus). JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:8. [PMID: 35024999 PMCID: PMC8758815 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the most important structural components of the myelin sheaths in both central and peripheral nervous systems. MBP has several functions including organization of the myelin membranes, reorganization of the cytoskeleton during the myelination process, and interaction with the SH3 domain in signaling pathways. Likewise, MBP has been proposed as a marker of demyelination in traumatic brain injury and chemical exposure. Methods The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize the myelin basic protein a (mbpa) gene from the Colombian native fish, red-bellied pacu, Piaractus brachypomus. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify the phylogenetic relationships, physicochemical characteristics, exons, intrinsically disordered regions, and conserved domains of the protein. Gene expression was assessed by qPCR in three models corresponding to sublethal chlorpyrifos exposure, acute brain injury, and anesthesia experiments. Results mbpa complete open reading frame was identified with 414 nucleotides distributed in 7 exons that encode 137 amino acids. MBPa was recognized as belonging to the myelin basic protein family, closely related with orthologous proteins, and two intrinsically disordered regions were established within the sequence. Gene expression of mbpa was upregulated in the optic chiasm of the chlorpyrifos exposed fish in contrast to the control group. Conclusions The physicochemical computed features agree with the biological functions of MBP, and basal gene expression was according to the anatomical distribution in the tissues analyzed. This study is the first molecular characterization of mbpa from the native species Piaractus brachypomus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Cruz-Méndez
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - María Paula Herrera-Sánchez
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Ángel Enrique Céspedes-Rubio
- Research Group in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia. .,Research Group in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena Highs, 730006299, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia. .,Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, University of Tolima, Ibague, 730006299, Colombia.
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20
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Ozen I, Arkan S, Clausen F, Ruscher K, Marklund N. Diffuse traumatic injury in the mouse disrupts axon-myelin integrity in the cerebellum. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:411-422. [PMID: 35018831 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly suspected based on clinical symptoms, although cerebellar pathology has rarely been investigated. To address the hypothesis that the cerebellar axon-myelin unit is altered by diffuse TBI, we used the central fluid percussion injury (cFPI) model in adult mice to create wide-spread axonal injury by delivering the impact to the forebrain. We specifically focused on changes in myelin components (myelin basic protein (MBP), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), nodal/paranodal domains (neurofascin, ankyrin G), and phosphorylated neurofilaments (SMI-31, SMI-312) in the cerebellum, remote from the impact, at 2, 7 and 30-day post-injury. When compared to sham-injured controls, cerebellar MBP and CNPase protein levels were decreased at 2 days post-injury (dpi) that remained reduced up to 30 dpi. Diffuse TBI induced different effects on neuronal (Nfasc 186, Nfasc 140) and glial (Nfasc 155) neurofascin isoforms that play a key role in the assembly of the nodes of Ranvier. Expression of Nfasc 140 in the cerebellum increased at 7 dpi, in contrast to Nfasc 155 levels which were decreased. Although neurofascin binding partner ankyrin G protein levels decreased acutely after cFPI, its expression levels increased at 7 dpi and remained unchanged up to 30 dpi. TBI-induced reduction in neurofilament phosphorylation (SMI-31) observed in the cerebellum was closely associated with decreased levels of the myelin proteins MBP and CNPase. This is the first evidence of temporal and spatial structural changes in the axon-myelin unit in the cerebellum, remote from the location of the impact site in a diffuse TBI model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Ozen
- Lund University, 5193, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden;
| | - Sertan Arkan
- Lund University, 5193, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden;
| | - Fredrik Clausen
- Uppsala University, 8097, Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Lund University, 5193, Dept of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund, Sweden;
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Lund University, 5193, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Neurosurgery, Lund, Sweden, Lund, Sweden;
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21
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Kister A, Kister I. Overview of myelin, major myelin lipids, and myelin-associated proteins. Front Chem 2022; 10:1041961. [PMID: 36896314 PMCID: PMC9989179 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1041961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin is a modified cell membrane that forms a multilayer sheath around the axon. It retains the main characteristics of biological membranes, such as lipid bilayer, but differs from them in several important respects. In this review, we focus on aspects of myelin composition that are peculiar to this structure and differentiate it from the more conventional cell membranes, with special attention to its constituent lipid components and several of the most common and important myelin proteins: myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, and myelin protein zero. We also discuss the many-fold functions of myelin, which include reliable electrical insulation of axons to ensure rapid propagation of nerve impulses, provision of trophic support along the axon and organization of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier, as well as the relationship between myelin biology and neurologic disease such as multiple sclerosis. We conclude with a brief history of discovery in the field and outline questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kister
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ilya Kister
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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22
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Huang J, Xu J, Lai JHC, Chen Z, Lee CY, Mak HKF, Chan KH, Chan KWY. Relayed nuclear Overhauser effect weighted (rNOEw) imaging identifies multiple sclerosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102867. [PMID: 34751151 PMCID: PMC8569719 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which the immune system attacks the myelin and axons, consequently leading to demyelination and axonal injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of MS, and currently various types of MRI techniques have been used to detect the pathology of MS based on unique mechanisms. In this study, we applied the relayed nuclear Overhauser effect weighted (rNOEw) imaging to study human MS at clinical 3T. Three groups of subjects, including 20 normal control (NC) subjects, 14 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) patients and 21 MS patients, were examined at a clinical 3T MRI scanner. Whole-brain rNOEw images of each subject were obtained by acquiring a control and a labeled image within four minutes. Significantly lower brain rNOEw contrast was detected in MS group compared to NC (P = 0.008) and NMOSD (P = 0.014) groups, while no significant difference was found between NC and NMOSD groups (P = 0.939). The lower rNOEw contrast of MS group compared to NC/NMOSD group was significant in white matter (P = 0.041/0.021), gray matter (P = 0.004/0.020) and brain parenchyma (P = 0.015/0.021). Moreover, MS lesions showed higher number and larger size but lower rNOEw contrast than NMOSD lesions (P = 0.002). Our proposed rNOEw imaging scheme has potential to serve as a new method for assisting MS diagnosis. Importantly, it may be used to identify MS from NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph H C Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Yan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Henry K F Mak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Koon Ho Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China; Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong, China.
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23
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Enriched Environment Enhances the Myelin Regulatory Factor by mTOR Signaling and Protects the Myelin Membrane Against Oxidative Damage in Rats Exposed to Chronic Immobilization Stress. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3314-3324. [PMID: 34449011 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term consequences of stress intervene in normal signaling of the brain leading to many psychological complications. The enriched environment (EE) may potentially ameliorate the stress response in rats. However, the mechanistic understanding of the enriched environment in protecting the myelin membrane from oxidative damage after prolonged exposure to immobilization stress (IS) remains vague. In the current study, we examined the impact of EE by exposing the rats to IS (4 h/day) followed by EE treatment (2 h/day) for 28 days and the activities of ROS, lipid peroxides, and phospholipids were studied, and its influence on the myelin regulatory factor (MyRF) and enzymes linked to sphingolipid was assessed in the forebrain region of myelin membrane. The ROS and lipid peroxidation was increased, and a significant decrease in the antioxidant activities was found in the IS group. IS + EE could reduce oxidative damage and increase the levels of antioxidant activities. The individual phospholipids including sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidic acid (PA) were decreased in the IS group, while IS + EE exhibited significant increase in the phospholipid classes regardless of the exposure to IS. There was down-regulation in the mRNA levels of MyRF, CERS2, SPLTC2, UGT8, and GLTP, while IS + EE could mitigate the up-regulation in the levels of mRNA of MyRF, CERS2, SPLTC2, UGT8, and GLTP. The protein expression of MOG, PLP1, and mTOR was found to be reduced in the IS group of rats, however, IS + EE revealed significant increase in the expression of these signaling molecules. These results suggest that EE had a positive effect on chronic stress response by protecting the myelin membrane against oxidative damage and increasing the protein synthesis required for myelin membrane plasticity via activation of MyRF and mTOR signaling in the forebrain region of IS exposed rats.
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24
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Saeedimasine M, Montanino A, Kleiven S, Villa A. Elucidating Axonal Injuries Through Molecular Modelling of Myelin Sheaths and Nodes of Ranvier. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:669897. [PMID: 34250015 PMCID: PMC8260694 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.669897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Around half of the traumatic brain injuries are thought to be axonal damage. Disruption of the cellular membranes, or alternatively cytoskeletal damage has been suggested as possible injury trigger. Here, we have used molecular models to have a better insight on the structural and mechanical properties of axon sub-cellular components. We modelled myelin sheath and node of Ranvier as lipid bilayers at a coarse grained level. We built ex-novo a model for the myelin. Lipid composition and lipid saturation were based on the available experimental data. The model contains 17 different types of lipids, distributed asymmetrically between two leaflets. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the myelin and node-of-Ranvier bilayers at equilibrium and under deformation and compared to previous axolemma simulations. We found that the myelin bilayer has a slightly higher area compressibility modulus and higher rupture strain than node of Ranvier. Compared to the axolemma in unmyelinated axon, mechanoporation occurs at 50% higher strain in the myelin and at 23% lower strain in the node of Ranvier in myelinated axon. Combining the results with finite element simulations of the axon, we hypothesizes that myelin does not rupture at the thresholds proposed in the literature for axonal injury while rupture may occur at the node of Ranvier. The findings contribute to increases our knowledge of axonal sub-cellular components and help to understand better the mechanism behind axonal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saeedimasine
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Annaclaudia Montanino
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svein Kleiven
- Division of Neuronic Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Villa
- PDC-Center for High Performance Computing, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Hoxha E, Balbo I, Parolisi R, Audano M, Montarolo F, Ravera F, Guglielmotto M, Muratori L, Raimondo S, DiGregorio E, Buffo A, Brusco A, Borroni B, Mitro N, Caruso D, Tempia F. Elovl5 is required for proper action potential conduction along peripheral myelinated fibers. Glia 2021; 69:2419-2428. [PMID: 34139039 PMCID: PMC8453547 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elovl5 elongates fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms and in cooperation with other enzymes guarantees the normal levels of very long‐chain fatty acids, which are necessary for a proper membrane structure. Action potential conduction along myelinated axons depends on structural integrity of myelin, which is maintained by a correct amount of fatty acids and a proper interaction between fatty acids and myelin proteins. We hypothesized that in Elovl5−/− mice, the lack of elongation of Elovl5 substrates might cause alterations of myelin structure. The analysis of myelin ultrastructure showed an enlarged periodicity with reduced G‐ratio across all axonal diameters. We hypothesized that the structural alteration of myelin might affect the conduction of action potentials. The sciatic nerve conduction velocity was significantly reduced without change in the amplitude of the nerve compound potential, suggesting a myelin defect without a concomitant axonal degeneration. Since Elovl5 is important in attaining normal amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are the principal component of myelin, we performed a lipidomic analysis of peripheral nerves of Elovl5‐deficient mice. The results revealed an unbalance, with reduction of fatty acids longer than 18 carbon atoms relative to shorter ones. In addition, the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was strongly increased. These findings point out the essential role of Elovl5 in the peripheral nervous system in supporting the normal structure of myelin, which is the key element for a proper conduction of electrical signals along myelinated nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Balbo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Parolisi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department. of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ravera
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Michela Guglielmotto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora DiGregorio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and Dept. of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department. of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department. of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Tempia
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,National Neuroscience Institute, Torino, Italy
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26
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Ma C, Sun J, Li B, Feng Y, Sun Y, Xiang L, Wu B, Xiao L, Liu B, Petrovskii VS, Bin Liu, Zhang J, Wang Z, Li H, Zhang L, Li J, Wang F, Gӧstl R, Potemkin II, Chen D, Zeng H, Zhang H, Liu K, Herrmann A. Ultra-strong bio-glue from genetically engineered polypeptides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3613. [PMID: 34127656 PMCID: PMC8203747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of biomedical glues is an important, yet challenging task as seemingly mutually exclusive properties need to be combined in one material, i.e. strong adhesion and adaption to remodeling processes in healing tissue. Here, we report a biocompatible and biodegradable protein-based adhesive with high adhesion strengths. The maximum strength reaches 16.5 ± 2.2 MPa on hard substrates, which is comparable to that of commercial cyanoacrylate superglue and higher than other protein-based adhesives by at least one order of magnitude. Moreover, the strong adhesion on soft tissues qualifies the adhesive as biomedical glue outperforming some commercial products. Robust mechanical properties are realized without covalent bond formation during the adhesion process. A complex consisting of cationic supercharged polypeptides and anionic aromatic surfactants with lysine to surfactant molar ratio of 1:0.9 is driven by multiple supramolecular interactions enabling such strong adhesion. We demonstrate the glue's robust performance in vitro and in vivo for cosmetic and hemostasis applications and accelerated wound healing by comparison to surgical wound closures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Baiheng Wu
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of energy engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Baimei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Vladislav S Petrovskii
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Robert Gӧstl
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany.,National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of energy engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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27
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Kumashiro M, Izumi Y, Matsuo K. Conformation of myelin basic protein bound to phosphatidylinositol membrane characterized by vacuum-ultraviolet circular-dichroism spectroscopy and molecular-dynamics simulations. Proteins 2021; 89:1251-1261. [PMID: 33998060 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The 18.5-kDa isoform of myelin basic protein (MBP) interacts with the membrane surface of the myelin sheath to construct its compact multilamellar structure. This study characterized the conformation of MBP in the membrane by measuring the vacuum-ultraviolet circular-dichroism (VUVCD) spectra of MBP in the bilayer liposome comprising the following essential lipid constituents of the myelin sheath: phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The spectra of MBP exhibited the characteristic peaks of the helix structure in the presence of PI liposome, and the intensity increased markedly in the presence of PIP and PIP2 liposomes to show an isodichroic point. This suggests that the amount of the membrane-bound conformation of MBP enhanced due to the increased number of negative net charges on the liposome surfaces. Secondary-structure analysis revealed that MBP in the membrane comprised approximately 40% helix contents and eight helix segments. Molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of the eight segments were conducted for 250 ns in the presence of PI membrane, which predicted two amphiphilic and three nonamphiphilic helices as the membrane-interaction sites. Further analysis of the distances of the amino-acid residues in each segment from the phosphate group suggested that the nonamphiphilic helices interact with the membrane surface electrostatically, while the amphiphilic ones invade the inside of the membrane to produce electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. These results show that MBP can interact with the PI membrane via amphiphilic and nonamphiphilic helices under the control of a delicate balance between electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kumashiro
- Department of Physical Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yudai Izumi
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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28
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Krugmann B, Koutsioubas A, Haris L, Micciulla S, Lairez D, Radulescu A, Förster S, Stadler AM. Adhesion Process of Biomimetic Myelin Membranes Triggered by Myelin Basic Protein. Front Chem 2021; 9:631277. [PMID: 34017815 PMCID: PMC8129001 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.631277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelin sheath-a multi-double-bilayer membrane wrapped around axons-is an essential part of the nervous system which enables rapid signal conduction. Damage of this complex membrane system results in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The process in which myelin is generated in vivo is called myelination. In our study, we investigated the adhesion process of large unilamellar vesicles with a supported membrane bilayer that was coated with myelin basic protein (MBP) using time-resolved neutron reflectometry. Our aim was to mimic and to study the myelination process of membrane systems having either a lipid-composition resembling that of native myelin or that of the standard animal model for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which represents MS-like conditions. We were able to measure the kinetics of the partial formation of a double bilayer in those systems and to characterize the scattering length density profiles of the initial and final states of the membrane. The kinetics could be modeled using a random sequential adsorption simulation. By using a free energy minimization method, we were able to calculate the shape of the adhered vesicles and to determine the adhesion energy per MBP. For the native membrane the resulting adhesion energy per MBP is larger than that of the EAE modified membrane type. Our observations might help in understanding myelination and especially remyelination-a process in which damaged myelin is repaired-which is a promising candidate for treatment of the still mostly incurable demyelinating diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Krugmann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - Luman Haris
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information Processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Didier Lairez
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, École Polytechnique, CEA, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan Förster
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information Processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Stadler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute for Biological Information Processing (IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Tahir U, Hussam A, Roy P, Hashmi I. Noncovalent Association and Partitioning of Some Perfume Components at Infinite Dilution with Myelin Basic Protein Pseudophase in Normal Saline. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4793-4801. [PMID: 33851853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP), one of the major protein constituents of the myelin sheath, possesses unique ligand-binding features. We present a novel equilibrium headspace gas chromatographic technique to examine the thermodynamics of noncovalent interactions between common perfume components: Lilial, Hedione, Hexylcinnamic aldehyde, and Versalide with MBP monomers and its hexameric MBP-pseudophase. A general theoretical model is used to calculate the critical aggregation concentration (cac) of MBP, perfume component binding constants with monomeric MBP, K11, and MBP as pseudophase, Kn1, and free energies for perfume component binding with monomeric MBP, ΔGb,11, and MBP as pseudophase, ΔGb,n1. In addition, the pseudophase-water partition coefficients, Kx, the free energies of transfer of perfume from bulk water to the MBP-pseudophase, ΔGt, and the intra-aggregate activity coefficients, γm∞, at infinite dilution were also determined. The cac value measured by the method of fractional distribution is a unique and precise approach in understanding the aggregation phenomenon. Within the experimental error, the 1:1 binding free energies did not differ by more than 1 kJ/mol among the perfume components but favored the MBP pseudophase binding by 6 kJ/mol. Therefore, that protein aggregation can enhance the binding of small molecules is probably a general conclusion. While the magnitudes of K11, Kn1, ΔGb, Kx, and ΔGt show weak trends, the γm∞ values show a strong and distinct trend in interaction, spanning 4 orders of magnitude among the perfume components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irina Hashmi
- Department of Information Science and Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
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30
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Eliav U, Shinar H, Navon G. Identification of water compartments in spinal cords by 2 H double quantum filtered NMR. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4452. [PMID: 33345362 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2 H double quantum filtered (DQF) NMR, the various water compartments are characterized by their different residual quadrupolar interactions. The spectral separation between the different signals enables the measurement of the relaxation of each compartment and the magnetization transfer (MT) between them. In the current study, five water compartments were identified in the 2 H DQF spectra of porcine spinal cord. The most prominent signal was the pair of satellites with a quadrupolar splitting of about 550 Hz. 2 H DQF MRI optimized for the 550 Hz quadrupolar splitting indicated that this signal originated mainly from the white matter and it was assigned to the myelin water. This splitting does not change upon changing the orientation of the spinal cord relative to the magnetic field, indicating a liquid crystalline nature. Another site exhibiting splitting of about 1500 Hz was assigned to collagenous connective tissue. The narrow central peak was assigned to a combination of intra- and inter-axonal water. The assignment of the other two sites is not certain and requires further study. The rates of MT between the various sites were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzi Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Gil Navon
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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31
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Benkowska-Biernacka D, Smalyukh II, Matczyszyn K. Morphology of Lyotropic Myelin Figures Stained with a Fluorescent Dye. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11974-11979. [PMID: 33347307 PMCID: PMC7872420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lyotropic myelin figures (MFs), i.e., long cylindrical structures formed by certain surfactants, owe their name to their resemblance to the biological membrane that covers nerve fibers. Herein, we used a strong bilayer-forming zwitterionic phospholipid stained by the Nile Red dye to study lamellar mesophases. Polarized optical microscopy and fluorescence confocal microscopy allowed us to investigate the morphology of myelin structures and determine the orientational order of amphiphilic molecules. The cross-sectional views reveal significant differences in the configurations of MFs within the liquid crystalline cell, as well as the details of a spontaneous and stimulated formation of branched lipid tubes. Our results provide insights into small-scale morphology and out-of-equilibrium structural changes in the multilamellar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Benkowska-Biernacka
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ivan I. Smalyukh
- Department
of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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32
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-2 in Murine Development, Metabolism, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228619. [PMID: 33207603 PMCID: PMC7697999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-2 (SCD2) is a member of the Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) family of enzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting step in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) synthesis. The MUFAs palmitoleoyl-CoA (16:1n7) and oleoyl-CoA (18:1n9) are the major products of SCD2. Palmitoleoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA have various roles, from being a source of energy to signaling molecules. Under normal feeding conditions, SCD2 is ubiquitously expressed and is the predominant SCD isoform in the brain. However, obesogenic diets highly induce SCD2 in adipose tissue, lung, and kidney. Here we provide a comprehensive review of SCD2 in mouse development, metabolism, and various diseases, such as obesity, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer′s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson′s disease. In addition, we show that bone mineral density is decreased in SCD2KO mice under high-fat feeding conditions and that SCD2 is not required for preadipocyte differentiation or the expression of PPARγ in vivo despite being required in vitro.
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33
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Membrane stiffness and myelin basic protein binding strength as molecular origin of multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16691. [PMID: 33028889 PMCID: PMC7542173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin basic protein (MBP) and its interaction with lipids of the myelin sheath plays an important part in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies observed that changes in the myelin lipid composition lead to instabilities and enhanced local curvature of MBP-lipid multilayer structures. We investigated the molecular origin of the instability and found that the diseased lipid membrane has a 25% lower bending rigidity, thus destabilizing smooth \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$>1\,$$\end{document}>1µm curvature radius structures such as in giant unilamellar vesicles. MBP-mediated assembling of lipid bilayers proceeds in two steps, with a slow second step occurring over many days where native lipid membranes assemble into well-defined multilayer structures, whereas diseased lipid membranes form folded assemblies with high local curvature. For both native and diseased lipid mixtures we find that MBP forms dense liquid phases on top of the lipid membranes mediating attractive membrane interactions. Furthermore, we observe MBP to insert into its bilayer leaflet side in case of the diseased lipid mixture, whereas there is no insertion for the native mixture. Insertion increases the local membrane curvature, and could be caused by a decrease of the sphingomyelin content of the diseased lipid mixture. These findings can help to open a pathway to remyelination strategies.
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34
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Yoo SW, Agarwal A, Smith MD, Khuder SS, Baxi EG, Thomas AG, Rojas C, Moniruzzaman M, Slusher BS, Bergles DE, Calabresi PA, Haughey NJ. Inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 promotes remyelination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/40/eaba5210. [PMID: 33008902 PMCID: PMC7852391 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelination requires a highly organized synthesis of multiple lipid species that regulate myelin curvature and compaction. For reasons that are not understood, central nervous system remyelinated axons often have thin myelin sheaths with a disorganized structure susceptible to secondary demyelination. We found that expression of the sphingomyelin hydrolase neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) during the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to myelinating oligodendrocytes changes their response to inflammatory cytokines. OPCs do not express nSMase2 and exhibit a protective/regenerative response to tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Oligodendrocytes express nSMase2 and exhibit a stress response to cytokine challenge that includes an overproduction of ceramide, a sphingolipid that forms negative curvatures in membranes. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of nSMase2 in myelinating oligodendrocytes normalized the ceramide content of remyelinated fibers and increased thickness and compaction. These results suggest that inhibition of nSMase2 could improve the quality of myelin and stabilize structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amit Agarwal
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Saja S Khuder
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emily G Baxi
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Camilo Rojas
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mohammed Moniruzzaman
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Johns Hopkins University Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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35
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Piredda GF, Hilbert T, Thiran JP, Kober T. Probing myelin content of the human brain with MRI: A review. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:627-652. [PMID: 32936494 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient transmission of electric signals among neurons of vertebrates is ensured by myelin-insulating sheaths surrounding axons. Human cognition, sensation, and motor functions rely on the integrity of these layers, and demyelinating diseases often entail serious cognitive and physical impairments. Magnetic resonance imaging radically transformed the way these disorders are monitored, offering an irreplaceable tool to noninvasively examine the brain structure. Several advanced techniques based on MRI have been developed to provide myelin-specific contrasts and a quantitative estimation of myelin density in vivo. Here, the vast offer of acquisition strategies developed to date for this task is reviewed. Advantages and pitfalls of the different approaches are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Franco Piredda
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Thiran
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Pezzotti G, Adachi T, Miyamoto N, Yamamoto T, Boschetto F, Marin E, Zhu W, Kanamura N, Ohgitani E, Pizzi M, Sowa Y, Mazda O. Raman Probes for In Situ Molecular Analyses of Peripheral Nerve Myelination. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2327-2339. [PMID: 32603086 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelinating activity of living Schwann cells in coculture with neuronal cells was examined in situ in a Raman microprobe spectroscope. The Raman label-free approach revealed vibrational fingerprints directly related to the activity of Schwann cells' metabolites and identified molecular species peculiar to myelinating cells. The identified chemical species included antioxidants, such as hypotaurine and glutathione, and compartmentalized water, in addition to sphingolipids, phospholipids, and nucleoside triphosphates also present in neuronal and nonmyelinating Schwann cells. Raman maps at specific frequencies could be collected, which clearly visualized the myelinating action of Schwann cells and located the demyelinated ones. An important finding was the spectroscopic visualization of confined water in the myelin structure, which exhibited a quite pronounced Raman signal at ∼3470 cm-1. This peculiar signal, whose spatial location precisely corresponded to a low-frequency fingerprint of hypotaurine, was absent in unmyelinating cells and in bulk water. Raman enhancement was attributed to frustration in the hydrogen-bond network as induced by interactions with lipids in the myelin sheaths. According to a generally accepted morphological model of myelin, an explanation was offered of the peculiar Raman scattering of water confined in intraperiod lines, according to an ordered hydrogen bonding structure. The possibility of concurrently mapping antioxidant molecules and compartmentalized water structure with high spectral accuracy and microscopic spatial resolution enables probing myelinating activity and might play a key-role in future studies of neuronal pathologies. Compatible with life, Raman microprobe spectroscopy with the newly discovered probes could be suitable for developing advanced strategies in the reconstruction of injured nerves and nerve terminals at neuromuscular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0854, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Nao Miyamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Francesco Boschetto
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eriko Ohgitani
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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37
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Tandon A, Singh SJ, Gupta M, Singh N, Shankar J, Arjaria N, Goyal S, Chaturvedi RK. Notch pathway up-regulation via curcumin mitigates bisphenol-A (BPA) induced alterations in hippocampal oligodendrogenesis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122052. [PMID: 32151947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
CNS myelination process involves proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Defective myelination causes onset of neurological disorders. Bisphenol-A (BPA), a component of plastic items, exerts adverse effects on human health. Our previous studies indicated that BPA impairs neurogenesis and myelination process stimulating cognitive dysfunctions. But, the underlying mechanism(s) of BPA induced de-myelination and probable neuroprotection by curcumin remains elusive. We found that curcumin protected BPA mediated adverse effects on oligosphere growth kinetics. Curcumin significantly improved proliferation and differentiation of OPCs upon BPA exposure both in-vitro and in-vivo. Curcumin enhanced the mRNA expression and protein levels of myelination markers in BPA treated rat hippocampus. Curcumin improved myelination potential via increasing β-III tubulin-/MBP+ cells (neuron-oligodendrocyte co-culture) and augmented fluoromyelin intensity and neurofilament/MBP+ neurons in vivo. In silico docking studies suggested Notch pathway genes (Notch-1, Hes-1 and Mib-1) as potential targets of BPA and curcumin. Curcumin reversed BPA mediated myelination inhibition via increasing the Notch pathway gene expression. Genetic and pharmacological Notch pathway inhibition by DAPT and Notch-1 siRNA exhibited decreased curcumin mediated neuroprotection. Curcumin improved BPA mediated myelin sheath degeneration and neurobehavioral impairments. Altogether, results suggest that curcumin protected BPA induced de-myelination and behavioural deficits through Notch pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Tandon
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226 028, U.P., India
| | - Sangh Jyoti Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Manjeet Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow 226 028, U.P., India
| | - Jai Shankar
- Advanced Imaging Facility, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India
| | - Nidhi Arjaria
- Advanced Imaging Facility, CSIR-IITR, Lucknow, India
| | - Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. We review the two core MS features, myelin instability, fragmentation, and remyelination failure, and dominance of pathogenic CD4+ Th17 cells over protective CD4+ Treg cells. To better understand myelin pathology, we describe myelin biosynthesis, structure, and function, then highlight stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in nervonic acid biosynthesis and nervonic acid's contribution to myelin stability. Noting that vitamin D deficiency decreases SCD in the periphery, we propose it also decreases SCD in oligodendrocytes, disrupting the nervonic acid supply and causing myelin instability and fragmentation. To better understand the distorted Th17/Treg cell balance, we summarize Th17 cell contributions to MS pathogenesis, then highlight how 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 signaling from microglia to CD4+ T cells restores Treg cell dominance. This signaling rapidly increases flux through the methionine cycle, removing homocysteine, replenishing S-adenosyl-methionine, and improving epigenetic marking. Noting that DNA hypomethylation and inappropriate DRB1*1501 expression were observed in MS patient CD4+ T cells, we propose that vitamin D deficiency thwarts epigenetic downregulation of DRB1*1501 and Th17 cell signature genes, and upregulation of Treg cell signature genes, causing dysregulation within the CD4+ T cell compartment. We explain how obesity reduces vitamin D status, and how estrogen and vitamin D collaborate to promote Treg cell dominance in females. Finally, we discuss the implications of this new knowledge concerning myelin and the Th17/Treg cell balance, and advocate for efforts to address the global epidemics of obesity and vitamin D deficiency in the expectation of reducing the impact of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E. Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Poitelon Y, Kopec AM, Belin S. Myelin Fat Facts: An Overview of Lipids and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040812. [PMID: 32230947 PMCID: PMC7226731 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is critical for the proper function of the nervous system and one of the most complex cell–cell interactions of the body. Myelination allows for the rapid conduction of action potentials along axonal fibers and provides physical and trophic support to neurons. Myelin contains a high content of lipids, and the formation of the myelin sheath requires high levels of fatty acid and lipid synthesis, together with uptake of extracellular fatty acids. Recent studies have further advanced our understanding of the metabolism and functions of myelin fatty acids and lipids. In this review, we present an overview of the basic biology of myelin lipids and recent insights on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and functions in myelinating cells. In addition, this review may serve to provide a foundation for future research characterizing the role of fatty acids and lipids in myelin biology and metabolic disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system.
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Di Gioacchino M, Bianconi A, Burghammer M, Ciasca G, Bruni F, Campi G. Myelin basic protein dynamics from out-of-equilibrium functional state to degraded state in myelin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183256. [PMID: 32145283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Living matter is a quasi-stationary out-of-equilibrium system; in this physical condition, structural fluctuations at nano- and meso-scales are needed to understand the physics behind its biological functionality. Myelin has a simple ultrastructure whose fluctuations show correlated disorder in its functional out-of-equilibrium state. However, there is no information on the relationship between this correlated disorder and the dynamics of the intrinsically disordered Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) which is expected to influence the membrane structure and overall functionality. In this work, we have investigated the role of this protein structural dynamics in the myelin ultrastructure fluctuations in various conditions, by using synchrotron Scanning micro X Ray Diffraction and Small Angle X ray Scattering. We have induced the crossover from out-of-equilibrium functional state to in-equilibrium degeneration changing the pH to values far from physiological condition. The observed compression of the cytosolic layer thickness probes that the intrinsic large MBP fluctuations preserve the cytosol structure also in the degraded state. Thus, the transition of myelin ultrastructure from correlated to uncorrelated disordered state, is principally affected by the deformation of the membrane and extracellular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Di Gioacchino
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy; Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria, Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy; Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes (RICMASS), Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bianconi
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria, Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy; Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes (RICMASS), Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Roma, Italy; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Physics Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Bruni
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria, Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
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Warnock A, Toomey LM, Wright AJ, Fisher K, Won Y, Anyaegbu C, Fitzgerald M. Damage Mechanisms to Oligodendrocytes and White Matter in Central Nervous System Injury: The Australian Context. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:739-769. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Warnock
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lillian M. Toomey
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander J. Wright
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katherine Fisher
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yerim Won
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chidozie Anyaegbu
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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42
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Lee J, Hyun JW, Lee J, Choi EJ, Shin HG, Min K, Nam Y, Kim HJ, Oh SH. So You Want to Image Myelin Using MRI: An Overview and Practical Guide for Myelin Water Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:360-373. [PMID: 32009271 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin water imaging (MWI) is an MRI imaging biomarker for myelin. This method can generate an in vivo whole-brain myelin water fraction map in approximately 10 minutes. It has been applied in various applications including neurodegenerative disease, neurodevelopmental, and neuroplasticity studies. In this review we start with a brief introduction of myelin biology and discuss the contributions of myelin in conventional MRI contrasts. Then the MRI properties of myelin water and four different MWI methods, which are categorized as T2 -, T2 *-, T1 -, and steady-state-based MWI, are summarized. After that, we cover more practical issues such as availability, interpretation, and validation of these methods. To illustrate the utility of MWI as a clinical research tool, MWI studies for two diseases, multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, are introduced. Additional topics about imaging myelin in gray matter and non-MWI methods for myelin imaging are also included. Although technical and physiological limitations exist, MWI is a potent surrogate biomarker of myelin that carries valuable and useful information of myelin. Evidence Level: 5 Technical Efficacy: 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:360-373.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Hyun
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Choi
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geol Shin
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongseon Min
- Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonho Nam
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Saint Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Se-Hong Oh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Radulescu CI, Garcia-Miralles M, Sidik H, Bardile CF, Yusof NABM, Lee HU, Ho EXP, Chu CW, Layton E, Low D, De Sessions PF, Pettersson S, Ginhoux F, Pouladi MA. Reprint of: Manipulation of microbiota reveals altered callosal myelination and white matter plasticity in a model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 135:104744. [PMID: 31931139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and molecular myelination deficits represent early pathological features of Huntington disease (HD). Recent evidence from germ-free (GF) animals suggests a role for microbiota-gut-brain bidirectional communication in the regulation of myelination. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of microbiota on myelin plasticity and oligodendroglial population dynamics in the mixed-sex BACHD mouse model of HD. Ultrastructural analysis of myelin in the corpus callosum revealed alterations of myelin thickness in BACHD GF compared to specific-pathogen free (SPF) mice, whereas no differences were observed between wild-type (WT) groups. In contrast, myelin compaction was altered in all groups when compared to WT SPF animals. Levels of myelin-related proteins were generally reduced, and the number of mature oligodendrocytes was decreased in the prefrontal cortex under GF compared to SPF conditions, regardless of genotype. Minor differences in commensal bacteria at the family and genera levels were found in the gut microbiota of BACHD and WT animals housed in standard living conditions. Our findings indicate complex effects of a germ-free status on myelin-related characteristics, and highlight the adaptive properties of myelination as a result of environmental manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola I Radulescu
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore; Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Harwin Sidik
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Nur Amirah Binte Mohammad Yusof
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Hae Ung Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Eliza Xin Pei Ho
- GIS Efficient Rapid Microbial Sequencing, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 138672, Singapore
| | - Collins Wenhan Chu
- GIS Efficient Rapid Microbial Sequencing, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 138672, Singapore
| | - Emma Layton
- GIS Efficient Rapid Microbial Sequencing, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 138672, Singapore
| | - Donovan Low
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648, Singapore
| | - Paola Florez De Sessions
- GIS Efficient Rapid Microbial Sequencing, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 138672, Singapore
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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44
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Kristiansen K, Donaldson SH, Berkson ZJ, Scott J, Su R, Banquy X, Lee DW, de Aguiar HB, McGraw JD, Degen GD, Israelachvili JN. Multimodal Miniature Surface Forces Apparatus (μSFA) for Interfacial Science Measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15500-15514. [PMID: 31362502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the research of intermolecular and surface interactions result from the development of new and improved measurement techniques and combinations of existing techniques. Here, we present a new miniature version of the surface forces apparatus-the μSFA-that has been designed for ease of use and multimodal capabilities with the retention of the capabilities of other SFA models including accurate measurements of the surface separation distance and physical characterization of dynamic and static physical forces (i.e., normal, shear, and friction) and interactions (e.g., van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrophobic, steric, and biospecific). The small physical size of the μSFA, compared to previous SFA models, makes it portable and suitable for integration into commercially available optical and fluorescence light microscopes, as demonstrated here. The large optical path entry and exit ports make it ideal for concurrent force measurements and spectroscopy studies. Examples of the use of the μSFA in combination with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Raman spectroscopy measurements are presented. Because of the short working distance constraints associated with Raman spectroscopy, an interferometric technique was developed and applied to calculate the intersurface separation distance based on Newton's rings. The introduction of the μSFA will mark a transition in SFA usage from primarily physical characterization to concurrent physical characterization with in situ chemical and biological characterization to study interfacial phenomena, including (but not limited to) molecular adsorption, fluid flow dynamics, the determination of surface species and morphology, and (bio)molecular binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kristiansen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Stephen H Donaldson
- Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure/PSL , Research University , CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Zachariah J Berkson
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Jeffrey Scott
- SurForce LLC , Goleta , California 93117 , United States
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Université de Montréal , Succursale Centre Ville , Montréal , Quebec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Dong Woog Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hilton B de Aguiar
- Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure/PSL , Research University , CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Joshua D McGraw
- Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure/PSL , Research University , CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond , 75005 Paris , France
- Gulliver CNRS UMR 7083 , PSL Research University, ESPCI Paris , 10 rue Vauquelin , 75005 Paris , France
| | - George D Degen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
| | - Jacob N Israelachvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara , California 93106 , United States
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45
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Widder K, Harauz G, Hinderberger D. Myelin basic protein (MBP) charge variants show different sphingomyelin-mediated interactions with myelin-like lipid monolayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183077. [PMID: 31805269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is correlated with increased deimination of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the central nervous system. Here, the interaction of MBP C1 (charge: +19) and MBP C8 (charge: +13) with the major lipids of the cytoplasmic side of the oligodendrocyte membrane is analysed using monolayer adsorption experiments and epifluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged proteins and negatively charged lipids in the myelin-like monolayers competes with the incorporation of MBP into regions directly bordering cholesterol-rich domains. The latter is favoured to avoid additional lipid condensation and reduction in fluidity of the phospholipid layer. We find that MBP C1 does not incorporate at the cholesterol-rich domains if sphingomyelin (SM) is absent from the lipid composition. In contrast, MBP C8 is still incorporated near cholesterol-enriched regions without SM. Thus, the highly charged C1 variant needs a specific interaction with SM, whereas for C8 the incorporation at the cholesterol-rich regions is ensured due to its reduced net positive charge. This phenomenon may be relevant for the correlation of higher amounts of MBP C8 in brains of adult MS patients and healthy children, in which the amount of SM is reduced compared to healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Widder
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - George Harauz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany.
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46
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Therapeutic intervention in relapsing autoimmune demyelinating disease through induction of myelin-specific regulatory CD8 T cell responses. J Transl Autoimmun 2019; 2. [PMID: 32161909 PMCID: PMC7065686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). We have shown that CNS-specific CD8 T cells (CNS-CD8) possess a disease suppressive function in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Previous studies have focused on the role of these cells predominantly in chronic models of disease, but the majority of MS patients present with a relapsing-remitting disease course. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic role of CD8 T cells in the context of relapsing-remitting disease (RR-EAE), using SJL mice. We found that PLP178-191- and MBP84-104-CD8 ameliorated disease severity in an antigen-specific manner. In contrast, PLP139-151-CD8 did not suppress disease. PLP178-191-CD8 were able to reduce the number of relapses even when transferred during ongoing disease. We further ascertained that the suppressive subset of CD8 T cells was contained within the CD25 + CD8 T cell compartment post-in vitro activation with PLP178-191. Using Listeria monocytogenes (LM) encoding CNS antigens to preferentially prime suppressive CD8 T cells in vivo, we show that LM infection induced disease suppressive CD8 T cells that protected and treated PLP178-191 disease. Importantly, a combination of PLP178-191-CD8 transfer boosted by LM-PLP175-194 infection effectively treated ongoing disease induced by a non-cognate peptide (PLP139-151), indicating that this approach could be effective even in the context of epitope spreading. These data support a potential immunotherapeutic strategy using CD8 transfer and/or LM vaccination to boost disease regulatory CD8 T cells. Adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells ameliorates RR-EAE in an antigen specific manner . Listeria monocytogenes (LM) can be used to prime disease-ameliorating CD8 T cells in RR-EAE . Activated CD25 + CD8 T cells preferentially harbor the disease-suppressive activity . Relapses in RR-EAE can be curbed using a dual strategy of CD8 T cell transfer and LM boosting .
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47
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Radulescu CI, Garcia-Miralles M, Sidik H, Bardile CF, Yusof NABM, Lee HU, Ho EXP, Chu CW, Layton E, Low D, De Sessions PF, Pettersson S, Ginhoux F, Pouladi MA. Manipulation of microbiota reveals altered callosal myelination and white matter plasticity in a model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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48
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Möller HE, Bossoni L, Connor JR, Crichton RR, Does MD, Ward RJ, Zecca L, Zucca FA, Ronen I. Iron, Myelin, and the Brain: Neuroimaging Meets Neurobiology. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:384-401. [PMID: 31047721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although iron is crucial for neuronal functioning, many aspects of cerebral iron biology await clarification. The ability to quantify specific iron forms in the living brain would open new avenues for diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and understanding pathogenesis of diseases. A modality that allows assessment of brain tissue composition in vivo, in particular of iron deposits or myelin content on a submillimeter spatial scale, is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multimodal strategies combining MRI with complementary analytical techniques ex vivo have emerged, which may lead to improved specificity. Interdisciplinary collaborations will be key to advance beyond simple correlative analyses in the biological interpretation of MRI data and to gain deeper insights into key factors leading to iron accumulation and/or redistribution associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald E Möller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lucia Bossoni
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Mark D Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roberta J Ward
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Itamar Ronen
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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A novel myelin basic protein transcript variant in the murine central nervous system. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2547-2553. [PMID: 30747386 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Myelin basic protein is a multifunctional protein whose primary role is to adhere membranes of the myelin sheath. There are various isoforms that have been identified, 6 distinct isoforms in human and 13 distinct isoforms in mice. These distinct isoforms are the product of alternative splicing of a single gene. The present study sought out to identify the different isoforms found in the murine central nervous system. Neuronal tissue (brain) from five different C57BL6/J mice at 2 months of age was harvested and used for mRNA extraction. mRNA was reversed transcribed to cDNA and transcripts were detected through PCR amplification and DNA agarose gel separation. Primers for exon 1, exon 5b and exon 11 of the myelin basic protein gene were used to capture all the possible transcripts that are naturally found in the murine central nervous system. Unknown transcript was sequenced at Genewiz facilities (South Plainfield, NJ) and mass spectrometry protein sequence analysis demonstrated the presence of a novel myelin basic protein transcript variant. We identified a novel transcript variant of myelin basic protein. This novel transcript variant corresponds to a myelin basic protein of 32.5 kDa which has not been previously reported. This novel transcript variant presents relevant clinical significance to various demyelinating diseases due to its contribution to the understanding of the natural state of the murine central nervous system.
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50
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Raasakka A, Ruskamo S, Kowal J, Han H, Baumann A, Myllykoski M, Fasano A, Rossano R, Riccio P, Bürck J, Ulrich AS, Stahlberg H, Kursula P. Molecular structure and function of myelin protein P0 in membrane stacking. Sci Rep 2019; 9:642. [PMID: 30679613 PMCID: PMC6345808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compact myelin forms the basis of nerve insulation essential for higher vertebrates. Dozens of myelin membrane bilayers undergo tight stacking, and in the peripheral nervous system, this is partially enabled by myelin protein zero (P0). Consisting of an immunoglobulin (Ig)-like extracellular domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic extension (P0ct), P0 harbours an important task in ensuring the integrity of compact myelin in the extracellular compartment, referred to as the intraperiod line. Several disease mutations resulting in peripheral neuropathies have been identified for P0, reflecting its physiological importance, but the arrangement of P0 within the myelin ultrastructure remains obscure. We performed a biophysical characterization of recombinant P0ct. P0ct contributes to the binding affinity between apposed cytoplasmic myelin membrane leaflets, which not only results in changes of the bilayer properties, but also potentially involves the arrangement of the Ig-like domains in a manner that stabilizes the intraperiod line. Transmission electron cryomicroscopy of native full-length P0 showed that P0 stacks lipid membranes by forming antiparallel dimers between the extracellular Ig-like domains. The zipper-like arrangement of the P0 extracellular domains between two membranes explains the double structure of the myelin intraperiod line. Our results contribute to the understanding of PNS myelin, the role of P0 therein, and the underlying molecular foundation of compact myelin stability in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Julia Kowal
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huijong Han
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Baumann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Matti Myllykoski
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Fasano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rocco Rossano
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Riccio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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