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Li H, Seugnet L. Decoding the nexus: branched-chain amino acids and their connection with sleep, circadian rhythms, and cardiometabolic health. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1350-1363. [PMID: 39075896 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle stands as an integrative process essential for sustaining optimal brain function and, either directly or indirectly, overall body health, encompassing metabolic and cardiovascular well-being. Given the heightened metabolic activity of the brain, there exists a considerable demand for nutrients in comparison to other organs. Among these, the branched-chain amino acids, comprising leucine, isoleucine, and valine, display distinctive significance, from their contribution to protein structure to their involvement in overall metabolism, especially in cerebral processes. Among the first amino acids that are released into circulation post-food intake, branched-chain amino acids assume a pivotal role in the regulation of protein synthesis, modulating insulin secretion and the amino acid sensing pathway of target of rapamycin. Branched-chain amino acids are key players in influencing the brain's uptake of monoamine precursors, competing for a shared transporter. Beyond their involvement in protein synthesis, these amino acids contribute to the metabolic cycles of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, as well as energy metabolism. Notably, they impact GABAergic neurons and the excitation/inhibition balance. The rhythmicity of branched-chain amino acids in plasma concentrations, observed over a 24-hour cycle and conserved in rodent models, is under circadian clock control. The mechanisms underlying those rhythms and the physiological consequences of their disruption are not fully understood. Disturbed sleep, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases can elevate branched-chain amino acid concentrations or modify their oscillatory dynamics. The mechanisms driving these effects are currently the focal point of ongoing research efforts, since normalizing branched-chain amino acid levels has the ability to alleviate the severity of these pathologies. In this context, the Drosophila model, though underutilized, holds promise in shedding new light on these mechanisms. Initial findings indicate its potential to introduce novel concepts, particularly in elucidating the intricate connections between the circadian clock, sleep/wake, and metabolism. Consequently, the use and transport of branched-chain amino acids emerge as critical components and orchestrators in the web of interactions across multiple organs throughout the sleep/wake cycle. They could represent one of the so far elusive mechanisms connecting sleep patterns to metabolic and cardiovascular health, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Laurent Seugnet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Integrated Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems (WAKING), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Bron, France
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Malik DM, Rhoades SD, Zhang SL, Sengupta A, Barber A, Haynes P, Arnadottir ES, Pack A, Kibbey RG, Kain P, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Glucose Challenge Uncovers Temporal Fungibility of Metabolic Homeostasis over a day:night cycle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.30.564837. [PMID: 37961230 PMCID: PMC10634956 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmicity is a cornerstone of behavioral and biological processes, especially metabolism, yet the mechanisms behind metabolite cycling remain elusive. This study uncovers a robust oscillation in key metabolite pathways downstream of glucose in humans. A purpose-built 13C6-glucose isotope tracing platform was used to sample Drosophila every 4h and probe these pathways, revealing a striking peak in biosynthesis shortly after lights-on in wild-type flies. A hyperactive mutant (fumin) demonstrates increased Krebs cycle labelling and dawn-specific glycolysis labelling. Surprisingly, neither underlying feeding rhythms nor the presence of food availability explain the rhythmicity of glucose processing across genotypes, suggesting a robust internal mechanism for metabolic control of glucose processing. These results align with clinical data highlighting detrimental effects of mistimed energy intake. Our approach offers a unique insight into the dynamic range of daily metabolic processing and provides a mechanistic foundation for exploring circadian metabolic homeostasis in disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M. Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Seth D. Rhoades
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
- Fulgens Consulting, LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Shirley L. Zhang
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
| | - Annika Barber
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Paula Haynes
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Erna Sif Arnadottir
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Allan Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Richard G. Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Pinky Kain
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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3
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Meier SA, Furrer M, Nowak N, Zenobi R, Sundset MA, Huber R, Brown SA, Wagner G. Uncoupling of behavioral and metabolic 24-h rhythms in reindeer. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1596-1603.e4. [PMID: 38503287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Reindeer in the Arctic seasonally suppress daily circadian patterns of behavior present in most animals.1 In humans and mice, even when all daily behavioral and environmental influences are artificially suppressed, robust endogenous rhythms of metabolism governed by the circadian clock persist and are essential to health.2,3 Disrupted rhythms foster metabolic disorders and weight gain.4 To understand circadian metabolic organization in reindeer, we performed behavioral measurements and untargeted metabolomics from blood plasma samples taken from Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) across 24 h at 2-h intervals in four seasons. Our study confirmed the absence of circadian rhythms of behavior under constant darkness in the Arctic winter and constant daylight in the Arctic summer, as reported by others.1 We detected and measured the intensity of 893 metabolic features in all plasma samples using untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). A core group of metabolites (66/893 metabolic features) consistently displayed 24-h rhythmicity. Most metabolites displayed a robust 24-h rhythm in winter and spring but were arrhythmic in summer and fall. Half of all measured metabolites displayed ultradian sleep-wake dependence in summer. Irrespective of the arrhythmic behavior, metabolism is rhythmic (24 h) in seasons of low food availability, potentially favoring energy efficiency. In seasons of food abundance, 24-h rhythmicity in metabolism is drastically reduced, again irrespective of behavioral rhythms, potentially fostering weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Meier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Furrer
- Child Development Center and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss National Technical University (ETH), 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss National Technical University (ETH), 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica A Sundset
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Wagner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; Division of Forest and Forest Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 9016 Tromsø, Norway.
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Cajka T, Hricko J, Rakusanova S, Brejchova K, Novakova M, Rudl Kulhava L, Hola V, Paucova M, Fiehn O, Kuda O. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange-Mass Spectrometry (HILIC-HDX-MS) for Untargeted Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2899. [PMID: 38474147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics detects thousands of molecular features (retention time-m/z pairs) in biological samples per analysis, yet the metabolite annotation rate remains low, with 90% of signals classified as unknowns. To enhance the metabolite annotation rates, researchers employ tandem mass spectral libraries and challenging in silico fragmentation software. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) may offer an additional layer of structural information in untargeted metabolomics, especially for identifying specific unidentified metabolites that are revealed to be statistically significant. Here, we investigate the potential of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-HDX-MS in untargeted metabolomics. Specifically, we evaluate the effectiveness of two approaches using hypothetical targets: the post-column addition of deuterium oxide (D2O) and the on-column HILIC-HDX-MS method. To illustrate the practical application of HILIC-HDX-MS, we apply this methodology using the in silico fragmentation software MS-FINDER to an unknown compound detected in various biological samples, including plasma, serum, tissues, and feces during HILIC-MS profiling, subsequently identified as N1-acetylspermidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Cajka
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Hricko
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Rakusanova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Brejchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Novakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rudl Kulhava
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hola
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Paucova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ishibashi Y, Harada S, Eitaki Y, Kurihara A, Kato S, Kuwabara K, Iida M, Hirata A, Sata M, Matsumoto M, Shibuki T, Okamura T, Sugiyama D, Sato A, Amano K, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Tomita M, Takebayashi T. A population-based urinary and plasma metabolomics study of environmental exposure to cadmium. Environ Health Prev Med 2024; 29:22. [PMID: 38556356 PMCID: PMC10992994 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of metabolomics-based profiles in environmental epidemiological studies is a promising approach to refine the process of health risk assessment. We aimed to identify potential metabolomics-based profiles in urine and plasma for the detection of relatively low-level cadmium (Cd) exposure in large population-based studies. METHOD We analyzed 123 urinary metabolites and 94 plasma metabolites detected in fasting urine and plasma samples collected from 1,412 men and 2,022 women involved in the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study. Regression analysis was performed for urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), plasma, and urinary metabolites as dependent variables, and urinary Cd (U-Cd, quartile) as an independent variable. The multivariable regression model included age, gender, systolic blood pressure, smoking, rice intake, BMI, glycated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alcohol consumption, physical activity, educational history, dietary energy intake, urinary Na/K ratio, and uric acid. Pathway-network analysis was carried out to visualize the metabolite networks linked to Cd exposure. RESULT Urinary NAG was positively associated with U-Cd, but not at lower concentrations (Q2). Among urinary metabolites in the total population, 45 metabolites showed associations with U-Cd in the unadjusted and adjusted models after adjusting for the multiplicity of comparison with FDR. There were 12 urinary metabolites which showed consistent associations between Cd exposure from Q2 to Q4. Among plasma metabolites, six cations and one anion were positively associated with U-Cd, whereas alanine, creatinine, and isoleucine were negatively associated with U-Cd. Our results were robust by statistical adjustment of various confounders. Pathway-network analysis revealed metabolites and upstream regulator changes associated with mitochondria (ACACB, UCP2, and metabolites related to the TCA cycle). CONCLUSION These results suggested that U-Cd was associated with metabolites related to upstream mitochondrial dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner. Our data will help develop environmental Cd exposure profiles for human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishibashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoko Eitaki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kurihara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suzuka Kato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Kuwabara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Matsumoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Shibuki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kaori Amano
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
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Ohdo S, Koyanagi S, Matsunaga N. Implications of biological clocks in pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of antitumor drugs. J Control Release 2023; 364:490-507. [PMID: 37918485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammalians' circadian pacemaker resides in the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). SCN control biological rhythms such as the sleep-wake rhythm and homeostatic functions of steroid hormones and their receptors. Alterations in these biological rhythms are implicated in the outcomes of pathogenic conditions such as depression, diabetes, and cancer. Chronotherapy is about optimizing treatment to combat risks and intensity of the disease symptoms that vary depending on the time of day. Thus, conditions/diseases such as allergic rhinitis, arthritis, asthma, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, and peptic ulcer disease, prone to manifest severe symptoms depending on the time of day, would be benefited from chronotherapy. Monitoring rhythm, overcoming rhythm disruption, and manipulating the rhythms from the viewpoints of underlying molecular clocks are essential to enhanced chronopharmacotherapy. New drugs focused on molecular clocks are being developed to improve therapeutics. In this review, we provide a critical summary of literature reports concerning (a) the rationale/mechanisms for time-dependent dosing differences in therapeutic outcomes and safety of antitumor drugs, (b) the molecular pathways underlying biological rhythms, and (c) the possibility of pharmacotherapy based on the intra- and inter-individual variabilities from the viewpoints of the clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Li Q, Wang H, Xu R, Su Y, Zhu W. Dynamic analysis of metabolomics reveals the potential associations between colonic peptides and serum appetite-related hormones. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113376. [PMID: 37803714 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut signals, including hormones and metabolites are crucial zeitgebers that regulate the circadian rhythm of host metabolism, but the potential links have been explored more in rodents. Herein, we performed an hour-scale metabolomics analysis of serum and colonic digesta to characterize the circadian rhythmic metabolic patterns using a pig model under ad libitum feeding conditions. Importantly, our findings identified potential associations between colonic and body metabolism, revealing the potential relationships between colonic peptides and host appetite regulation. Concretely, amino acids accounted for the highest proportion in rhythmic serum metabolites, whereas lipids accounted for the highest proportion in rhythmic colonic metabolites. The diurnal difference analysis revealed that the levels of most amino acids and peptides were higher in the light phase, while the levels of most lipids were higher in the dark phase. And more correlations were be checked between serum amino acids, lipids, peptides and colonic metabolites in the light and more correlations were be checked between serum carbohydrates, cofactors and vitamins, energy, nucleotides, xenobiotics and colonic metabolites in the dark. Interestingly, peptides oscillated to a similar extent in serum and colonic digesta. Of note, colonic peptides composed of valine, proline and leucine were checked in positive associations to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in serum. And these peptides were positive with the genera Butyricicoccus, Streptococcus, Clostridioides, Bariatricus and Coriobacteriia_norank, and negative with Prevotella, and showed the potential relationships with colonic microbial biosynthesis of amino acids. Collectively, we mapped the rhythmic profiling on pig serum and colonic metabolites and revealed the relationships between host and gut metabolism. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuke Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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8
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McMillen TS, Leslie A, Chisholm K, Penny S, Gallant J, Cohen A, Drucker A, Fawcett JP, Pinto DM. A large-scale, targeted metabolomics method for the analysis and quantification of metabolites in human plasma via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341791. [PMID: 37827685 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of small molecules, primarily metabolites, that are produced during metabolic processes. Analysis of the composition of an organism's metabolome can yield useful information about an individual's health status at any given time. In recent years, the development of large-scale, targeted metabolomic methods has allowed for the analysis of biological samples using analytical techniques such as LC-MS/MS. This paper presents a large-scale metabolomics method for analysis of biological samples, with a focus on quantification of metabolites found in blood plasma. The method comprises a 10-min chromatographic separation using HILIC and RP stationary phases combined with positive and negative electrospray ionization in order to maximize metabolome coverage. Complete analysis of a single sample can be achieved in as little as 40 min using the two columns and dual modes of ionization. With 540 metabolites and the inclusion of over 200 analytical standards, this method is comprehensive and quantitatively robust when compared to current targeted metabolomics methods. This study uses a large-scale evaluation of metabolite recovery from plasma that enables absolute quantification of metabolites by correcting for analyte loss throughout processes such as extraction, handling, or storage. In addition, the method was applied to plasma collected from adjuvant breast cancer patients to confirm the suitability of the method to clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa S McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Andrew Leslie
- National Research Council Canada, Health and Human Therapeutics, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Kenneth Chisholm
- National Research Council Canada, Health and Human Therapeutics, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Susanne Penny
- National Research Council Canada, Health and Human Therapeutics, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Jeffrey Gallant
- National Research Council Canada, Health and Human Therapeutics, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Alejandro Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Arik Drucker
- Division of Medical Oncology, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Canada; Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Devanand M Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada; National Research Council Canada, Health and Human Therapeutics, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada.
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9
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Maurer J, Grouzmann E, Eugster PJ. Tutorial review for peptide assays: An ounce of pre-analytics is worth a pound of cure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123904. [PMID: 37832388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent increase in peptidomimetic-based medications and the growing interest in peptide hormones has brought new attention to the quantification of peptides for diagnostic purposes. Indeed, the circulating concentrations of peptide hormones in the blood provide a snapshot of the state of the body and could eventually lead to detecting a particular health condition. Although extremely useful, the quantification of such molecules, preferably by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, might be quite tricky. First, peptides are subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, and other post-translational modifications, and, most importantly, they are substrates of specific and nonspecific proteases in biological matrixes. All these events might continue after sampling, changing the peptide hormone concentrations. Second, because they include positively and negatively charged groups and hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues, they interact with their environment; these interactions might lead to a local change in the measured concentrations. A phenomenon such as nonspecific adsorption to lab glassware or materials has often a tremendous effect on the concentration and needs to be controlled with particular care. Finally, the circulating levels of peptides might be low (pico- or femtomolar range), increasing the impact of the aforementioned effects and inducing the need for highly sensitive instruments and well-optimized methods. Thus, despite the extreme diversity of these peptides and their matrixes, there is a common challenge for all the assays: the need to keep concentrations unchanged from sampling to analysis. While significant efforts are often placed on optimizing the analysis, few studies consider in depth the impact of pre-analytical steps on the results. By working through practical examples, this solution-oriented tutorial review addresses typical pre-analytical challenges encountered during the development of a peptide assay from the standpoint of a clinical laboratory. We provide tips and tricks to avoid pitfalls as well as strategies to guide all new developments. Our ultimate goal is to increase pre-analytical awareness to ensure that newly developed peptide assays produce robust and accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Maurer
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Grouzmann
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe J Eugster
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Petrenko V, Sinturel F, Riezman H, Dibner C. Lipid metabolism around the body clocks. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101235. [PMID: 37187314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play important roles in energy metabolism along with diverse aspects of biological membrane structure, signaling and other functions. Perturbations of lipid metabolism are responsible for the development of various pathologies comprising metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that circadian oscillators, operative in most cells of our body, coordinate temporal aspects of lipid homeostasis. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the circadian regulation of lipid digestion, absorption, transportation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and storage. Specifically, we focus on the molecular interactions between functional clockwork and biosynthetic pathways of major lipid classes comprising cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelins. A growing body of epidemiological studies associate a socially imposed circadian misalignment common in modern society with growing incidence of metabolic disorders, however the disruption of lipid metabolism rhythms in this connection has only been recently revealed. Here, we highlight recent studies that unravel the mechanistic link between intracellular molecular clocks, lipid homeostasis and development of metabolic diseases based on animal models of clock disruption and on innovative translational studies in humans. We also discuss the perspectives of manipulating circadian oscillators as a potentially powerful approach for preventing and managing metabolic disorders in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Flore Sinturel
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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11
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Salfer IJ, Matamoros CI, Bartell PA, Harvatine KJ. Effects of the timing of protein infusion on the daily rhythms of milk synthesis and plasma hormones and metabolites in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00293-X. [PMID: 37268575 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Milk synthesis exhibits a daily rhythm that is modified by the timing of feed intake. However, it is unknown how specific nutrients entrain this daily rhythm. Amino acids have an important role in milk synthesis, and may have a role in entrainment of mammary circadian rhythms. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of intestinally absorbed protein on daily rhythms of milk and milk component synthesis and key plasma hormones and metabolites. Nine lactating Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment sequences in a 3 × 3 Latin square. Treatments included abomasal infusions of 500 g/d of sodium caseinate either continuously throughout the day (CON), for 8 h/d from 0900 to 1700 h (DAY), or for 8 h/d from 2100 to 0500 h (NGT). Cows were milked every 6 h during the final 8 d of each period. A 24-h rhythm was fit to data using cosine analysis and the amplitude and acrophase were determined. Night infusion of protein decreased the daily milk yield and milk protein yield by 8.2% and 9.2%, respectively. Milk fat yield was increased 5.5% by DAY and milk fat concentration was increased 8.8% by NGT. Milk yield exhibited a daily rhythm in all treatments, with NGT increasing the amplitude of the daily rhythm 33% compared with CON. Milk fat concentration fit a daily rhythm in CON and NGT, but not DAY, whereas milk protein concentration fit a daily rhythm in CON and DAY, but not NGT. Moreover, DAY abolished the daily rhythm of plasma glucose concentration, but induced rhythms of plasma insulin and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. Results suggest that feeding increased protein levels during the early part of the day may increase milk fat yield and modify energy metabolism through increased daily variation in insulin-stimulated lipid release, but additional research focused on feeding multiple diets across the day is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Salfer
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Cesar I Matamoros
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - P A Bartell
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802.
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12
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Woelders T, Revell VL, Middleton B, Ackermann K, Kayser M, Raynaud FI, Skene DJ, Hut RA. Machine learning estimation of human body time using metabolomic profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212685120. [PMID: 37094145 PMCID: PMC10161018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212685120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence physiology, metabolism, and molecular processes in the human body. Estimation of individual body time (circadian phase) is therefore highly relevant for individual optimization of behavior (sleep, meals, sports), diagnostic sampling, medical treatment, and for treatment of circadian rhythm disorders. Here, we provide a partial least squares regression (PLSR) machine learning approach that uses plasma-derived metabolomics data in one or more samples to estimate dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) as a proxy for circadian phase of the human body. For this purpose, our protocol was aimed to stay close to real-life conditions. We found that a metabolomics approach optimized for either women or men under entrained conditions performed equally well or better than existing approaches using more labor-intensive RNA sequencing-based methods. Although estimation of circadian body time using blood-targeted metabolomics requires further validation in shift work and other real-world conditions, it currently may offer a robust, feasible technique with relatively high accuracy to aid personalized optimization of behavior and clinical treatment after appropriate validation in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Woelders
- Chronobiology unit, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CCGroningen, the Netherlands
| | - Victoria L. Revell
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Benita Middleton
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Ackermann
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CARotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CARotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, LondonSM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GuildfordGU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Roelof A. Hut
- Chronobiology unit, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CCGroningen, the Netherlands
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Navarro SL, Nagana Gowda GA, Bettcher LF, Pepin R, Nguyen N, Ellenberger M, Zheng C, Tinker LF, Prentice RL, Huang Y, Yang T, Tabung FK, Chan Q, Loo RL, Liu S, Wactawski-Wende J, Lampe JW, Neuhouser ML, Raftery D. Demographic, Health and Lifestyle Factors Associated with the Metabolome in Older Women. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040514. [PMID: 37110172 PMCID: PMC10143141 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Demographic and clinical factors influence the metabolome. The discovery and validation of disease biomarkers are often challenged by potential confounding effects from such factors. To address this challenge, we investigated the magnitude of the correlation between serum and urine metabolites and demographic and clinical parameters in a well-characterized observational cohort of 444 post-menopausal women participating in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Using LC-MS and lipidomics, we measured 157 aqueous metabolites and 756 lipid species across 13 lipid classes in serum, along with 195 metabolites detected by GC-MS and NMR in urine and evaluated their correlations with 29 potential disease risk factors, including demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors, and medication use. After controlling for multiple testing (FDR < 0.01), we found that log-transformed metabolites were mainly associated with age, BMI, alcohol intake, race, sample storage time (urine only), and dietary supplement use. Statistically significant correlations were in the absolute range of 0.2–0.6, with the majority falling below 0.4. Incorporation of important potential confounding factors in metabolite and disease association analyses may lead to improved statistical power as well as reduced false discovery rates in a variety of data analysis settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi L. Navarro
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lisa F. Bettcher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert Pepin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Natalie Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mathew Ellenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lesley F. Tinker
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ross L. Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Biostatistics Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Fred K. Tabung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Queenie Chan
- School of Public Health, Imperial College of London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ruey Leng Loo
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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14
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Garwolińska D, Kot-Wasik A, Hewelt-Belka W. Pre-analytical aspects in metabolomics of human biofluids - sample collection, handling, transport, and storage. Mol Omics 2023; 19:95-104. [PMID: 36524542 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the field of omics research that offers valuable insights into the complex composition of biological samples. It has found wide application in clinical diagnostics, disease investigation, therapy prediction, monitoring of treatment efficiency, drug discovery, or in-depth analysis of sample composition. A suitable study design constitutes the fundamental requirements to ensure robust and reliable results from the study data. The study design process should include a careful selection of conditions for each experimental step, from sample collection to data analysis. The pre-analytical variability that can introduce bias to the subsequent analytical process, decrease the outcome reliability, and confuse the final results of the metabolomics research, should also be considered. Herein, we provide key information regarding the pre-analytical variables affecting the metabolomics studies of biological fluids that are the most desirable type of biological samples. Our work offers a practical review that can serve and guide metabolomics pre-analytical design. It indicates pre-analytical factors, which can introduce artificial data variation and should be identified and understood during experimental design (through literature overview or analytical experiments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Garwolińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Agata Kot-Wasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Weronika Hewelt-Belka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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15
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Xia Y, Ding X, Wang S, Ren W. Circadian orchestration of host and gut microbiota in infection. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:115-131. [PMID: 36106627 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost every organism and regulate multiple aspects of biological and physiological processes (e.g. metabolism, immune responses, and microbial exposure). There exists a bidirectional circadian interaction between the host and its gut microbiota, and potential circadian orchestration of both host and gut microbiota in response to invading pathogens. In this review, we summarize what is known about these intestinal microbial oscillations and the relationships between host circadian clocks and various infectious agents (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses), and discuss how host circadian clocks prime the immune system to fight pathogen infections as well as the direct effects of circadian clocks on viral activity (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication). Finally, we consider strategies employed to realign normal circadian rhythmicity for host health, such as chronotherapy, dietary intervention, good sleep hygiene, and gut microbiota-targeted therapy. We propose that targeting circadian rhythmicity may provide therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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16
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Sugimoto M, Aizawa Y. Metabolomics Analysis of Blood, Urine, and Saliva Samples Based on Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2571:83-94. [PMID: 36152152 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2699-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is an ideal method for analyzing various metabolites in biological samples. CE-MS can simultaneously identify and quantify hundreds of charged metabolites using only two acquisition methods for positively and negatively charged metabolites. Furthermore, CE-MS is commonly used for analyzing biological samples to understand the pathology of diseases at the metabolic level and biofluid samples, such as blood and urine, to explore biomarkers. Here, we introduce a protocol that delineates the handling of clinical samples to ensure that the CE-MS analysis yields reproducible quantified data. We have focused on sample collection, storage, processing, and measurement. Although the implementation of rigorous standard operating protocols is preferred for enhancing the quality of the samples, various limitations in an actual clinical setting make it difficult to adhere to strict rules. Therefore, the effect of each process on the quantified metabolites needs to be evaluated to design a protocol with acceptable tolerances. Furthermore, quality controls and assessments to handle clinical samples are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Yumi Aizawa
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Young ME, Latimer MN. Circadian rhythms in cardiac metabolic flexibility. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:13-26. [PMID: 34162286 PMCID: PMC8695643 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1939366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous aspects of cardiovascular physiology (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) and pathology (e.g., myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death) exhibit time-of-day-dependency. In association with day-night differences in energetic demand and substrate availability, the healthy heart displays remarkable metabolic flexibility through temporal partitioning of the metabolic fate of common substrates (glucose, lipid, amino acids). The purpose of this review is to highlight the contribution that circadian clocks provide toward 24-hr fluctuations in cardiac metabolism and to discuss whether attenuation and/or augmentation of these metabolic rhythms through adjustment of nutrient intake timing impacts cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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18
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Circadian Clock Disruption, and Metabolic Consequences. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010060. [PMID: 36676985 PMCID: PMC9863434 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep. It is associated with various cardiovascular and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Many pathways can be responsible for T2DM development in OSA patients, e.g., those related to HIF-1 and SIRT1 expression. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms, such as miRNA181a or miRNA199, are postulated to play a pivotal role in this link. It has been proven that OSA increases the occurrence of circadian clock disruption, which is also a risk factor for metabolic disease development. Circadian clock disruption impairs the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and the secretion of bile acids. Therefore, OSA-induced circadian clock disruption may be a potential, complex, underlying pathway involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic diseases among OSA patients. The current paper summarizes the available information pertaining to the relationship between OSA and circadian clock disruption in the context of potential mechanisms leading to metabolic disorders.
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19
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MODeLING.Vis: A Graphical User Interface Toolbox Developed for Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition of Biomolecular Data. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many scientific publications that affect machine learning have set the basis for pattern recognition and symmetry. In this paper, we revisit the concept of “Mind-life continuity” published by the authors, testing the symmetry between cognitive and electrophoretic strata. We opted for machine learning to analyze and understand the total protein profile of neurotypical subjects acquired by capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis permits a cost-wise solution but lacks modern proteomic techniques’ discriminative and quantification power. To compensate for this problem, we developed tools for better data visualization and exploration in this work. These tools permitted us to examine better the total protein profile of 92 young adults, from 19 to 25 years old, healthy university students at the University of Lisbon, with no serious, uncontrolled, or chronic diseases affecting the nervous system. As a result, we created a graphical user interface toolbox named MODeLING.Vis, which showed specific expected protein profiles present in saliva in our neurotypical sample. The developed toolbox permitted data exploration and hypothesis testing of the biomolecular data. In conclusion, this analysis offered the data mining of the acquired neuroproteomics data in the molecular weight range from 9.1 to 30 kDa. This molecular weight range, obtained by pattern recognition of our dataset, is characteristic of the small neuroimmune molecules and neuropeptides. Consequently, MODeLING.Vis offers a machine-learning solution for probing into the neurocognitive response.
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Stein JA, Karl JP, Berryman CE, Harris MN, Rood JC, Pasiakos SM, Lieberman HR. Metabolomics of testosterone enanthate administration during severe-energy deficit. Metabolomics 2022; 18:100. [PMID: 36450940 PMCID: PMC9712311 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testosterone administration attenuates reductions in total body mass and lean mass during severe energy deficit (SED). OBJECTIVES This study examined the effects of testosterone administration on the serum metabolome during SED. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, non-obese men were randomized to receive 200-mg testosterone enanthate/wk (TEST) (n = 24) or placebo (PLA) (n = 26) during a 28-d inpatient, severe exercise- and diet-induced energy deficit. This study consisted of three consecutive phases. Participants were free-living and provided a eucaloric diet for 14-d during Phase 1. During Phase 2, participants were admitted to an inpatient unit, randomized to receive testosterone or placebo, and underwent SED for 28-d. During Phase 3, participants returned to their pre-study diet and physical activity habits. Untargeted metabolite profiling was conducted on serum samples collected during each phase. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry after 11-d of Phase 1 and after 25-d of Phase 2 to determine changes in fat and lean mass. RESULTS TEST had higher (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted, q < 0.05) androgenic steroid and acylcarnitine, and lower (q < 0.05) amino acid metabolites after SED compared to PLA. Metabolomic differences were reversed by Phase 3. Changes in lean mass were associated (Bonferroni-adjusted, p < 0.05) with changes in androgenic steroid metabolites (r = 0.42-0.70), acylcarnitines (r = 0.37-0.44), and amino acid metabolites (r = - 0.36-- 0.37). Changes in fat mass were associated (p < 0.05) with changes in acylcarnitines (r = - 0.46-- 0.49) and changes in urea cycle metabolites (r = 0.60-0.62). CONCLUSION Testosterone administration altered androgenic steroid, acylcarnitine, and amino acid metabolites, which were associated with changes in body composition during SED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A. Stein
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA USA
| | - J. Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA USA
| | - Claire E. Berryman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
| | - Melissa N. Harris
- Louisiana State University’s Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Jennifer C. Rood
- Louisiana State University’s Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Stefan M. Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA USA
| | - Harris R. Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA USA
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21
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Wang S, Sun Y, Zeng T, Wu Y, Ding L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Huang X, Li H, Yang X, Ni Y, Hu Q. Impact of preanalytical freezing delay time on the stability of metabolites in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples. Metabolomics 2022; 18:82. [PMID: 36282338 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolite stability is critical for tissue metabolomics. However, changes in metabolites in tissues over time from the operating room to the laboratory remain underexplored. OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the effect of postoperative freezing delay time on the stability of metabolites in normal and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues. METHODS Tumor and paired normal tissues from five OSCC patients were collected after surgical resection, and samples was sequentially quenched in liquid nitrogen at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 120 min (80 samples). Untargeted metabolic analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry in positive and negative ion modes was used to identify metabolic changes associated with delayed freezing time. The trends of metabolite changes at 30-120 and 30-60 min of delayed freezing were analyzed. RESULTS 190 metabolites in 36 chemical classes were detected. After delayed freezing for 120 min, approximately 20% of the metabolites changed significantly in normal and tumor tissues, and differences in the metabolites were found in normal and tumor tissues. After a delay of 60 min, 29 metabolites had changed significantly in normal tissues, and 84 metabolites had changed significantly in tumor tissues. In addition, we constructed three tissue freezing schemes based on the observed variation trends in the metabolites. CONCLUSION Delayed freezing of tissue samples has a certain impact on the stability of metabolites. For metabolites with significant changes, we suggest that the freezing time of tissues be reasonably selected according to the freezing schemes and the actual clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xihu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingang Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Amiama-Roig A, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Carnero A, Blanco JR. Chronotherapy: Circadian Rhythms and Their Influence in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5071. [PMID: 36291855 PMCID: PMC9599830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms present rhythmic fluctuations every 24 h in their behavior and metabolism to anticipate changes in the environment. These fluctuations are controlled by a very complex molecular mechanism, the circadian clock, that regulates the expression of multiple genes to ensure the right functioning of the body. An individual's circadian system is altered during aging, and this is related to numerous age-associated pathologies and other alterations that could contribute to the development of cancer. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in understanding how circadian rhythms could be used in the treatment of cancer. Chronotherapy aims to understand the impact that biological rhythms have on the response to a therapy to optimize its action, maximize health benefits and minimize possible adverse effects. Clinical trials so far have confirmed that optimal timing of treatment with chemo or immunotherapies could decrease drug toxicity and increase efficacy. Instead, chronoradiotherapy seems to minimize treatment-related symptoms rather than tumor progression or patient survival. In addition, potential therapeutic targets within the molecular clock have also been identified. Therefore, results of the application of chronotherapy in cancer therapy until now are challenging, feasible, and could be applied to clinical practice to improve cancer treatment without additional costs. However, different limitations and variables such as age, sex, or chronotypes, among others, should be overcome before chronotherapy can really be put into clinical practice.
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Grants
- RTI2018-097455-B-I00 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2018, a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y al Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE):
- RED2018-102723-T Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2018, a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y al Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE):
- CB16/12/00275 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer
- PI-0397-2017 Consejería de Salud y Familias
- P18-RT-2501 Consejería de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento, y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía
- No. CTEICU/PAIDI 2020 Consejería de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento, y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amiama-Roig
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Eva M. Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Ramón Blanco
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
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23
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The Diurnal Blood Metabolome and Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: A Randomised Crossover Trial in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179748. [PMID: 36077145 PMCID: PMC9456020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A way to maintain an adequate vitamin D status is through supplementation. Demonstration of blood-metabolome rhythmicity of vitamin D3 post-dosing effects is lacking in the pharmaco-metabonomics area. Thus, the overall aim of this study was to investigate the diurnal changes in the blood metabolome and how these are affected by vitamin D3 supplementation. The study was conducted as a crossover study, and the treatment included 200 µg (8000 IU) of vitamin D3 as compared with placebo with a washout period of at least 10 days. The participants were postmenopausal women aged 60−80 years (N = 29) with vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L) but otherwise healthy. During the intervention day, blood samples were taken at 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, and 24 h, and plasma was analysed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a metabolomics approach. In general, diurnal effects were identified for the majority of the 20 quantified metabolites, and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a change in the overall plasma metabolome around 12 AM (6 h after intervention), suggesting that the diurnal rhythm is reflected in two diurnal plasma metabolomes; a morning metabolome (8−12 AM) and an afternoon/evening metabolome (2−8 PM). Overall, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the blood metabolome was minor, with no effect on the diurnal rhythm. However, a significant effect of the vitamin D supplementation on plasma acetone levels was identified. Collectively, our findings reveal an influence of diurnal rhythm on the plasma metabolome, while vitamin D supplementation appears to have minor influence on fluctuations in the plasma metabolome.
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24
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Melatonin Regulates the Daily Levels of Plasma Amino Acids, Acylcarnitines, Biogenic Amines, Sphingomyelins, and Hexoses in a Xenograft Model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169105. [PMID: 36012374 PMCID: PMC9408859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation as a reflection of specific metabolite production and its utilization is a common feature of many human neoplasms. Melatonin, an indoleamine that is highly available during darkness, has a variety of metabolic functions in solid tumors. Because plasma metabolites undergo circadian changes, we investigated the role of melatonin on the profile of amino acids (AAs), biogenic amines, carnitines, sphingolipids, and hexoses present in the plasma of mice bearing xenograft triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 cells) over 24 h. Plasma concentrations of nine AAs were reduced by melatonin, especially during the light phase, with a profile closer to that of non-breast cancer (BC) animals. With respect to acylcarnitine levels, melatonin reduced 12 out of 24 molecules in BC-bearing animals compared to their controls, especially at 06:00 h and 15:00 h. Importantly, melatonin reduced the concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine, carnosine, histamine, kynurenine, methionine sulfoxide, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and symmetric dimethylarginine, which are associated with the BC metabolite sets. Melatonin also led to reduced levels of sphingomyelins and hexoses, which showed distinct daily variations over 24 h. These results highlight the role of melatonin in controlling the levels of plasma metabolites in human BC xenografts, which may impact cancer bioenergetics, in addition to emphasizing the need for a more accurate examination of its metabolomic changes at different time points.
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25
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Ohdo S, Koyanagi S, Matsunaga N. Chronopharmacology of immune-related diseases. Allergol Int 2022; 71:437-447. [PMID: 35850747 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Clock genes, circadian pacemaker resides in the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), control various circadian rhythms in many biological processes such as physiology and behavior. Clock gene regulates many diseases such as cancer, immunological dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and sleep disorders etc. Chronotherapy is especially relevant, when the risk and/or intensity of the symptoms of disease vary predicably over time as exemplified by allergic rhinitis, arthritis, asthma, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, and peptic ulcer disease. Dosing time influences the effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs. The pharmacodynamics of medications as well as pharmacokinetics influences chronopharmacological phenomena. To escape from host immunity in the tumor microenvironment, cancer cells have acquired several pathways. Immune checkpoint therapy targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) interaction had been approved for the treatment of patients with several types of cancers. Circadian expression of PD-1 is identified on tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), which is rationale for selecting the most appropriate time of day for administration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The therapies for chronic kidney disease (CKD) are urgently needed because of a global health problem. The mechanism of the cardiac complications in mice with CKD had been related the GRP68 in circulating monocytes and serum accumulation of retinol. Development of a strategy to suppress retinol accumulation will be useful to prevent the cardiac complications of CKD. Therefore, we introduce an overview of the dosing time-dependent changes in therapeutic outcome and safety of drug for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Glocal Healthcare, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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Güldür T. Potential linkages between circadian rhythm and membrane lipids: timekeeper and bilayer. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2096756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Güldür
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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27
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Circadian rhythm of lipid metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1191-1204. [PMID: 35604112 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipids comprise a diverse group of metabolites that are indispensable as energy storage molecules, cellular membrane components and mediators of inter- and intra-cellular signaling processes. Lipid homeostasis plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic health in mammals including human beings. A growing body of evidence suggests that the circadian clock system ensures temporal orchestration of lipid homeostasis, and that perturbation of such diurnal regulation leads to the development of metabolic disorders comprising obesity and type 2 diabetes. In view of the emerging role of circadian regulation in maintaining lipid homeostasis, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge on lipid metabolic pathways controlled by the mammalian circadian system. Furthermore, we review the emerging connection between the development of human metabolic diseases and changes in lipid metabolites that belong to major classes of lipids. Finally, we highlight the mechanisms underlying circadian organization of lipid metabolic rhythms upon the physiological situation, and the consequences of circadian clock dysfunction for dysregulation of lipid metabolism.
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28
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Sato T, Sassone-Corsi P. Nutrition, metabolism, and epigenetics: pathways of circadian reprogramming. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52412. [PMID: 35412705 PMCID: PMC9066069 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake profoundly affects systemic physiology. A large body of evidence has indicated a link between food intake and circadian rhythms, and ~24-h cycles are deemed essential for adapting internal homeostasis to the external environment. Circadian rhythms are controlled by the biological clock, a molecular system remarkably conserved throughout evolution. The circadian clock controls the cyclic expression of numerous genes, a regulatory program common to all mammalian cells, which may lead to various metabolic and physiological disturbances if hindered. Although the circadian clock regulates multiple metabolic pathways, metabolic states also provide feedback on the molecular clock. Therefore, a remarkable feature is reprogramming by nutritional challenges, such as a high-fat diet, fasting, ketogenic diet, and caloric restriction. In addition, various factors such as energy balance, histone modifications, and nuclear receptor activity are involved in the remodeling of the clock. Herein, we review the interaction of dietary components with the circadian system and illustrate the relationships linking the molecular clock to metabolism and critical roles in the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sato
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, INSERM U1233, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, INSERM U1233, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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29
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Junior RP, Sonehara NM, Jardim-Perassi BV, Pal A, Asad Y, Almeida Chuffa LG, Chammas R, Raynaud FI, Zuccari DAPC. Presence of human breast cancer xenograft changes the diurnal profile of amino acids in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1008. [PMID: 35046467 PMCID: PMC8770691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human xenografts are extremely useful models to study the biology of human cancers and the effects of novel potential therapies. Deregulation of metabolism, including changes in amino acids (AAs), is a common characteristic of many human neoplasms. Plasma AAs undergo daily variations, driven by circadian endogenous and exogenous factors. We compared AAs concentration in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF10A non-tumorigenic immortalized breast epithelial cells. We also measured plasma AAs in mice bearing xenograft MDA-MB-231 and compared their levels with non-tumor-bearing control animals over 24 h. In vitro studies revealed that most of AAs were significantly different in MDA-MB-231 cells when compared with MCF10A. Plasma concentrations of 15 AAs were higher in cancer cells, two were lower and four were observed to shift across 24 h. In the in vivo setting, analysis showed that 12 out of 20 AAs varied significantly between tumor-bearing and non-tumor bearing mice. Noticeably, these metabolites peaked in the dark phase in non-tumor bearing mice, which corresponds to the active time of these animals. Conversely, in tumor-bearing mice, the peak time occurred during the light phase. In the early period of the light phase, these AAs were significantly higher in tumor-bearing animals, yet significantly lower in the middle of the light phase when compared with controls. This pilot study highlights the importance of well controlled experiments in studies involving plasma AAs in human breast cancer xenografts, in addition to emphasizing the need for more precise examination of exometabolomic changes using multiple time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens Paula Junior
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Akos Pal
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Asad
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Roger Chammas
- Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Role of circadian rhythm and impact of circadian rhythm disturbance on the metabolism and disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 79:254-263. [PMID: 34840256 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Molecular circadian clocks exist in almost all cells of the organism and operate for approximately 24 h, maintain the normal physiological and behavioral body processes and regulate metabolism of many cells related to a variety of disease states. Circadian rhythms regulate metabolism, mainly including neurotransmitters, hormones, amino acids and lipids. Circadian misalignment is related to metabolic syndromes, such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension, which have reached an alarming level in modern society. We reviewed the mechanism of the circadian clock and the interaction between circadian rhythm and metabolism, as well as circadian rhythm disturbance on the metabolism of hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Finally, we discuss how to use the circadian rhythm to prevent diseases. Thus, this review is a micro to macro discussion from the perspective of circadian rhythm and aims to provide basic ideas for circadian rhythm research and disease therapies.
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31
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Tabibzadeh S. CircadiOmic medicine and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101424. [PMID: 34389481 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The earth displays daily, seasonal and annual environmental cycles that have led to evolutionarily adapted ultradian, circadian and infradian rhythmicities in the entire biosphere. All biological organisms must adapt to these cycles that synchronize the function of their circadiome. The objective of this review is to discuss the latest knowledge regarding the role of circadiomics in health and aging. The biological timekeepers are responsive to the environmental cues at microsecond to seasonal time-scales and act with precision of a clock machinery. The robustness of these rhythms is essential to normal daily function of cells, tissues and organs. Mis-alignment of circadian rhythms makes the individual prone to aging, sleep disorders, cancer, diabetes, and neuro-degenerative diseases. Circadian and CircadiOmic medicine are emerging fields that leverage our in-depth understanding of health issues, that arise as a result of disturbances in circadian rhythms, towards establishing better therapeutic approaches in personalized medicine and for geroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, 16471 Scientific Way, Irvine, CA 92618, United States.
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32
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Heiling S, Knutti N, Scherr F, Geiger J, Weikert J, Rose M, Jahns R, Ceglarek U, Scherag A, Kiehntopf M. Metabolite Ratios as Quality Indicators for Pre-Analytical Variation in Serum and EDTA Plasma. Metabolites 2021; 11:638. [PMID: 34564454 PMCID: PMC8465943 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical diagnostics and research, blood samples are one of the most frequently used materials. Nevertheless, exploring the chemical composition of human plasma and serum is challenging due to the highly dynamic influence of pre-analytical variation. A prominent example is the variability in pre-centrifugation delay (time-to-centrifugation; TTC). Quality indicators (QI) reflecting sample TTC are of utmost importance in assessing sample history and resulting sample quality, which is essential for accurate diagnostics and conclusive, reproducible research. In the present study, we subjected human blood to varying TTCs at room temperature prior to processing for plasma or serum preparation. Potential sample QIs were identified by Ultra high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) based metabolite profiling in samples from healthy volunteers (n = 10). Selected QIs were validated by a targeted MS/MS approach in two independent sets of samples from patients (n = 40 and n = 70). In serum, the hypoxanthine/guanosine (HG) and hypoxanthine/inosine (HI) ratios demonstrated high diagnostic performance (Sensitivity/Specificity > 80%) for the discrimination of samples with a TTC > 1 h. We identified several eicosanoids, such as 12-HETE, 15-(S)-HETE, 8-(S)-HETE, 12-oxo-HETE, (±)13-HODE and 12-(S)-HEPE as QIs for a pre-centrifugation delay > 2 h. 12-HETE, 12-oxo-HETE, 8-(S)-HETE, and 12-(S)-HEPE, and the HI- and HG-ratios could be validated in patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Heiling
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and Integrated Biobank Jena (IBBJ), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (N.K.); (F.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Nadine Knutti
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and Integrated Biobank Jena (IBBJ), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (N.K.); (F.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Franziska Scherr
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and Integrated Biobank Jena (IBBJ), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (N.K.); (F.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Jörg Geiger
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biological Material and Data Würzburg (IBDW), Straubmühlweg 2a, Haus A9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (J.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Juliane Weikert
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.W.); (U.C.)
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and Integrated Biobank Jena (IBBJ), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (N.K.); (F.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Roland Jahns
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biological Material and Data Würzburg (IBDW), Straubmühlweg 2a, Haus A9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (J.G.); (R.J.)
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.W.); (U.C.)
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Bachstrasse 18, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and Integrated Biobank Jena (IBBJ), University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (N.K.); (F.S.); (M.R.)
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33
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Abstract
The objective of chronotherapy is to optimize medical treatments taking into account the body's circadian rhythms. Chronotherapy is referred to and practiced in two different ways: (1) to alter the sleep-wake rhythms of patients to improve the sequels of several pathologies; (2) to take into account the circadian rhythms of patients to improve therapeutics. Even minor dysfunction of the biological clock can greatly affect sleep/wake physiology causing excessive diurnal somnolence, increase in sleep onset latency, phase delays or advances in sleep onset, frequent night awakenings, reduced sleep efficiency, delayed and shortened rapid eye movement sleep, or increased periodic leg movements. Chronotherapy aims to restore the proper circadian pattern of the sleep-wake cycle, through adequate sleep hygiene, timed light exposure, and the use of chronobiotic medications, such as melatonin, that affect the output phase of circadian rhythms, thus controlling the clock. Concerning the second use of chronotherapy, therapeutic outcomes as diverse as the survival after open-heart surgery or the efficacy and tolerance to chemotherapy vary according to the time of day. However, humans are heterogeneous concerning the timing of their internal clocks. Not only different chronotypes exist but also the endogenous human circadian period (τ) is not a stable trait as it depends on many internal and external factors. If any scheduled therapeutic intervention is going to be optimized, a tool is needed for simple diagnostic and objectively measurement of an individual's internal time at any given time. Methodologic advances like the use of single-sample gene expression and metabolomics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregory M Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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34
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From bedside to bench-practical considerations to avoid pre-analytical pitfalls and assess sample quality for high-resolution metabolomics and lipidomics analyses of body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5567-5585. [PMID: 34159398 PMCID: PMC8410705 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The stability of lipids and other metabolites in human body fluids ranges from very stable over several days to very unstable within minutes after sample collection. Since the high-resolution analytics of metabolomics and lipidomics approaches comprise all these compounds, the handling of body fluid samples, and thus the pre-analytical phase, is of utmost importance to obtain valid profiling data. This phase consists of two parts, sample collection in the hospital (“bedside”) and sample processing in the laboratory (“bench”). For sample quality, the apparently simple steps in the hospital are much more critical than the “bench” side handling, where (bio)analytical chemists focus on highly standardized processing for high-resolution analysis under well-controlled conditions. This review discusses the most critical pre-analytical steps for sample quality from patient preparation; collection of body fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) to sample handling, transport, and storage in freezers; and subsequent thawing using current literature, as well as own investigations and practical experiences in the hospital. Furthermore, it provides guidance for (bio)analytical chemists to detect and prevent potential pre-analytical pitfalls at the “bedside,” and how to assess the quality of already collected body fluid samples. A knowledge base is provided allowing one to decide whether or not the sample quality is acceptable for its intended use in distinct profiling approaches and to select the most suitable samples for high-resolution metabolomics and lipidomics investigations.
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35
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Igarashi K, Ota S, Kaneko M, Hirayama A, Enomoto M, Katumata K, Sugimoto M, Soga T. High-throughput screening of salivary polyamine markers for discrimination of colorectal cancer by multisegment injection capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462355. [PMID: 34233246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine metabolites provide pathophysiological information on disease or therapeutic efficacy, yet rapid screening methods for these biomarkers are lacking. Here, we developed high-throughput polyamine metabolite profiling based on multisegment injection capillary electrophoresis triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS/MS), which allows sequential 40-sample injection followed by electrophoretic separation and specific mass detection. To achieve consecutive analysis of polyamine samples, 1 M formic acid was used as the background electrolyte (BGE). The BGE spacer volume had an apparent effect on peak resolution among samples, and 20 nL was selected as the optimal volume. The use of polyamine isotopomers as the internal standard enabled the correction of matrix effects in MS detection. This method is sensitive, selective and quantitative, and its utility was demonstrated by screening polyamines in 359 salivary samples within 360 min, resulting in discrimination of colorectal cancer patients from noncancer controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Sana Ota
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Miku Kaneko
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Masanobu Enomoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishijinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Kenji Katumata
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishijinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Sinjuku, Tokyo 160-0022, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa 252-0882, Japan.
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Ohdo S. Chrono-Drug Discovery and Development Based on Circadian Rhythm of Molecular, Cellular and Organ Level. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:747-761. [PMID: 34078807 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) is the circadian pacemaker in mammals. Clock genes ultimately regulates a vast array of circadian rhythms involved in biological, physiological and behavioral process. The clock genes are closely related to sleep disorders, metabolic syndromes, and cancer diseases. Monitoring rhythm, overcoming rhythm disruption, and manipulating rhythm from the perspective of the clock genes play an important role to improve chronopharmacotherapy. Such an approach should be achieved by overcoming the new challenges in drug delivery systems that match the circadian rhythm (Chrono-DDS). Gene and antibody delivery, targeting specific molecules for certain diseases have been focused in recent studies on pharmacotherapy. One of important candidates should also be clock genes. New drugs targeting the molecular clock are being developed to manage diseases in humans. The circadian dynamics of cancer stem cells are controlled by the tumor microenvironment and provide proof for its implication in chronotherapy against triple-negative breast cancer. To examine the relationship between the circadian clock and chronic kidney disease (CKD) exacervation leads to clarify the novel molecular mechanisms causing renal malfunction in mice with CKD. A novel inhibitor of cell cycle regulatory factors has been identified and the inhibitor repressed renal inflammation in a CKD mouse model. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the role of the molecular clock in the time-dependent dosing changes in the therapeutic effect and safety of a drug and the possibility of drug discovery and development based on the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Hancox TPM, Skene DJ, Dallmann R, Dunn WB. Tick-Tock Consider the Clock: The Influence of Circadian and External Cycles on Time of Day Variation in the Human Metabolome-A Review. Metabolites 2021; 11:328. [PMID: 34069741 PMCID: PMC8161100 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen a large influx of work investigating time of day variation in different human biofluid and tissue metabolomes. The driver of this daily variation can be endogenous circadian rhythms driven by the central and/or peripheral clocks, or exogenous diurnal rhythms driven by behavioural and environmental cycles, which manifest as regular 24 h cycles of metabolite concentrations. This review, of all published studies to date, establishes the extent of daily variation with regard to the number and identity of 'rhythmic' metabolites observed in blood, saliva, urine, breath, and skeletal muscle. The probable sources driving such variation, in addition to what metabolite classes are most susceptible in adhering to or uncoupling from such cycles is described in addition to a compiled list of common rhythmic metabolites. The reviewed studies show that the metabolome undergoes significant time of day variation, primarily observed for amino acids and multiple lipid classes. Such 24 h rhythms, driven by various factors discussed herein, are an additional source of intra/inter-individual variation and are thus highly pertinent to all studies applying untargeted and targeted metabolomics platforms, particularly for the construction of biomarker panels. The potential implications are discussed alongside proposed minimum reporting criteria suggested to acknowledge time of day variation as a potential influence of results and to facilitate improved reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. M. Hancox
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Warwick B. Dunn
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Teng ZW, Yang GQ, Wang LF, Fu T, Lian HX, Sun Y, Han LQ, Zhang LY, Gao TY. Effects of the circadian rhythm on milk composition in dairy cows: Does day milk differ from night milk? J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8301-8313. [PMID: 33865587 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism in most organisms can show variations between the day and night. These variations may also affect the composition of products derived from livestock. The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference in composition between the day milk and night milk of dairy cows. Ten multiparous Holstein cows (milk yield = 25.2 ± 5.00 kg/d) were randomly selected during mid lactation. Milk samples were collected at 0500 h ("night milk") and 1500 h ("day milk") and analyzed to determine their composition. Mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze macronutrient content of milk. Metabolomics and lipidomics were used to detect and analyze small molecules and fatty acids, respectively. An automatic biochemical analyzer and ELISA kits were used to determine biochemical indicators, as well as antioxidant and immune parameters in the milk. Though milk fat, protein, lactose, and total milk solids were not different between day milk and night milk, small molecules, metabolites and lipids, and hormones and cytokines differed between day milk and night milk. Regarding biochemical and immune-related indicators, the concentrations of malondialdehyde, HSP70, and HSP90 in night milk were lower than that in day milk. However, interferon-γ levels were higher in night milk. Additionally, night milk was naturally rich in melatonin. Lipidomics analyses showed that the levels of some lipids in night milk were higher than those in day milk. Metabolomics analyses identified 36 different metabolites between day milk and night milk. Higher concentrations of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, cis-aconitate, and d-sorbitol were observed in day milk. However, the other 33 metabolites analyzed, including carbohydrates, lipids, AA, and aromatic compounds, showed lower concentrations in day milk than in night milk. The present findings show that the composition of night milk differs considerably from that of day milk. Notable changes in the circadian rhythm also altered milk composition. These results provide evidence to support the strategic use and classification of day milk and night milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - G Q Yang
- Modern Experimental Technique and Management Centre, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - L F Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China.
| | - T Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - H X Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - L Q Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - L Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - T Y Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, People's Republic of China
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Finger A, Kramer A. Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13548. [PMID: 32846050 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes and drives rhythmic biological functions, as well as behavioural outputs with an approximately 24-hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so-called pacemaker clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non-SCN brain and peripheral clocks, as well as cell-autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional clock machinery on the molecular level, alignment among body clocks, as well as synchronization between endogenous circadian and exogenous environmental cycles has been shown to be crucial for our health and well-being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges to our internal clocks, for example artificial lighting, shift work and trans-meridian travel, potentially leading to circadian disruption or misalignment and the emergence of associated diseases. For instance many of us experience a mismatch between sleep timing on work and free days (social jetlag) in our everyday lives without being aware of health consequences that may arise from such chronic circadian misalignment, Hence, this review provides an overview of the organization and molecular built-up of the mammalian circadian system, its interactions with the outside world, as well as pathologies arising from circadian disruption and misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
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40
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Kunze S, Cecil A, Prehn C, Möller G, Ohlmann A, Wildner G, Thurau S, Unger K, Rößler U, Hölter SM, Tapio S, Wagner F, Beyerlein A, Theis F, Zitzelsberger H, Kulka U, Adamski J, Graw J, Dalke C. Posterior subcapsular cataracts are a late effect after acute exposure to 0.5 Gy ionizing radiation in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:529-540. [PMID: 33464160 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1876951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The long-term effect of low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation on the lens is still a matter of debate and needs to be evaluated in more detail. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a detailed histological analysis of eyes from B6C3F1 mice cohorts after acute gamma irradiation (60Co source; 0.063 Gy/min) at young adult age of 10 weeks with doses of 0.063, 0.125, and 0.5 Gy. Sham irradiated (0 Gy) mice were used as controls. To test for genetic susceptibility heterozygous Ercc2 mutant mice were used and compared to wild-type mice of the same strain background. Mice of both sexes were included in all cohorts. Eyes were collected 4 h, 12, 18 and 24 months after irradiation. For a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, metabolomics analyses were performed in lenses and plasma samples of the same mouse cohorts at 4 and 12 h as well as 12, 18 and 24 months after irradiation. For this purpose, a targeted analysis was chosen. RESULTS This analysis revealed histological changes particularly in the posterior part of the lens that rarely can be observed by using Scheimpflug imaging, as we reported previously. We detected a significant increase of posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) 18 and 24 months after irradiation with 0.5 Gy (odds ratio 9.3; 95% confidence interval 2.1-41.3) independent of sex and genotype. Doses below 0.5 Gy (i.e. 0.063 and 0.125 Gy) did not significantly increase the frequency of PSCs at any time point. In lenses, we observed a clear effect of sex and aging but not of irradiation or genotype. While metabolomics analyses of plasma from the same mice showed only a sex effect. CONCLUSIONS This article demonstrates a significant radiation-induced increase in the incidence of PSCs, which could not be identified using Scheimpflug imaging as the only diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kunze
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Cecil
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Möller
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhild Wildner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thurau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ute Rößler
- Department Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office of Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- Department Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office of Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jochen Graw
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Dalke
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Sprenger RR, Hermansson M, Neess D, Becciolini LS, Sørensen SB, Fagerberg R, Ecker J, Liebisch G, Jensen ON, Vance DE, Færgeman NJ, Klemm RW, Ejsing CS. Lipid molecular timeline profiling reveals diurnal crosstalk between the liver and circulation. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108710. [PMID: 33535053 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal regulation of whole-body lipid metabolism plays a vital role in metabolic health. Although changes in lipid levels across the diurnal cycle have been investigated, the system-wide molecular responses to both short-acting fasting-feeding transitions and longer-timescale circadian rhythms have not been explored in parallel. Here, we perform time-series multi-omics analyses of liver and plasma revealing that the majority of molecular oscillations are entrained by adaptations to fasting, food intake, and the postprandial state. By developing algorithms for lipid structure enrichment analysis and lipid molecular crosstalk between tissues, we find that the hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) methylation pathway is diurnally regulated, giving rise to two pools of oscillating phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules in the circulation, which are coupled to secretion of either very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Our work demonstrates that lipid molecular timeline profiling across tissues is key to disentangling complex metabolic processes and provides a critical resource for the study of whole-body lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Hermansson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Neess
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lena Sokol Becciolini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Signe Bek Sørensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rolf Fagerberg
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Josef Ecker
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ole N Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robin W Klemm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Erickson ML, Esser KA, Kraus WE, Buford TW, Redman LM. A Role for Exercise to Counter Skeletal Muscle Clock Disruption. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:35-41. [PMID: 33044328 PMCID: PMC7773215 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the skeletal muscle circadian clock leads to a preferential shift toward lipid oxidation while reducing carbohydrate oxidation. These effects are apparent at the whole-body level, including glucose intolerance, increased energy expenditure, and fasting hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that exercise counters these metabolic disturbances by modifying the skeletal muscle clock and reverting substrate metabolism back toward an optimal substrate balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida
| | | | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University
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43
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Circadian Metabolomics from Breath. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2130:149-156. [PMID: 33284442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0381-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites like melatonin are essential in determining circadian phase. In the recent years, comprehensive metabolome analyses have unveiled entire panels of small biomolecules fluctuating in a circadian fashion, thus enabling a more precise determination of inner time and understanding of how circadian clock operates at the molecular level. Emerging analytical techniques allowing for the determination of exhaled metabolites in breath show promise to gain further insights noninvasively and in vivo into circadian metabolism.
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44
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Hesse J, Malhan D, Yalҫin M, Aboumanify O, Basti A, Relógio A. An Optimal Time for Treatment-Predicting Circadian Time by Machine Learning and Mathematical Modelling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113103. [PMID: 33114254 PMCID: PMC7690897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tailoring medical interventions to a particular patient and pathology has been termed personalized medicine. The outcome of cancer treatments is improved when the intervention is timed in accordance with the patient's internal time. Yet, one challenge of personalized medicine is how to consider the biological time of the patient. Prerequisite for this so-called chronotherapy is an accurate characterization of the internal circadian time of the patient. As an alternative to time-consuming measurements in a sleep-laboratory, recent studies in chronobiology predict circadian time by applying machine learning approaches and mathematical modelling to easier accessible observables such as gene expression. Embedding these results into the mathematical dynamics between clock and cancer in mammals, we review the precision of predictions and the potential usage with respect to cancer treatment and discuss whether the patient's internal time and circadian observables, may provide an additional indication for individualized treatment timing. Besides the health improvement, timing treatment may imply financial advantages, by ameliorating side effects of treatments, thus reducing costs. Summarizing the advances of recent years, this review brings together the current clinical standard for measuring biological time, the general assessment of circadian rhythmicity, the usage of rhythmic variables to predict biological time and models of circadian rhythmicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Hesse
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (D.M.); (M.Y.); (O.A.); (A.B.)
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Deeksha Malhan
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (D.M.); (M.Y.); (O.A.); (A.B.)
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Müge Yalҫin
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (D.M.); (M.Y.); (O.A.); (A.B.)
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ouda Aboumanify
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (D.M.); (M.Y.); (O.A.); (A.B.)
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alireza Basti
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (D.M.); (M.Y.); (O.A.); (A.B.)
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (D.M.); (M.Y.); (O.A.); (A.B.)
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Human Medicine, Institute for Systems Medicine and Bioinformatics, MSH Medical School Hamburg—University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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Pearson JA, Wong FS, Wen L. Crosstalk between circadian rhythms and the microbiota. Immunology 2020; 161:278-290. [PMID: 33090484 PMCID: PMC7692254 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence daily molecular oscillations in gene/protein expression and aspects of biology and physiology, including behaviour, body temperature and sleep–wake cycles. These circadian rhythms have been associated with a number of metabolic, immune and microbial changes that correlate with health and susceptibility to disease, including infection. While light is the main inducer of circadian rhythms, other factors, including the microbiota, can have important effects on peripheral rhythms. The microbiota have been of significant interest to many investigators over the past decade, with the development of molecular techniques to identify large numbers of species and their function. These studies have shown microbial associations with disease susceptibility, and some of these have demonstrated that alterations in microbiota cause disease. Microbial circadian oscillations impact host metabolism and immunity directly and indirectly. Interestingly, microbial oscillations also regulate host circadian rhythms, and the host circadian rhythms in turn modulate microbial composition. Thus, it is of considerable interest and importance to understand the crosstalk between circadian rhythms and microbiota and especially the microbial influences on the host. In this review, we aim to discuss the role of circadian microbial oscillations and how they influence host immunity. In addition, we discuss how host circadian rhythms can also modulate microbial rhythms. We also discuss potential connections between microbes and circadian rhythms and how these may be used therapeutically to maximize clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Pearson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florence Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wu G, Ruben MD, Francey LJ, Smith DF, Sherrill JD, Oblong JE, Mills KJ, Hogenesch JB. A population-based gene expression signature of molecular clock phase from a single epidermal sample. Genome Med 2020; 12:73. [PMID: 32825850 PMCID: PMC7441562 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For circadian medicine to influence health, such as when to take a drug or undergo a procedure, a biomarker of molecular clock phase is required--one that is easily measured and generalizable across a broad population. It is not clear that any circadian biomarker yet satisfies these criteria. METHODS We analyzed 24-h molecular rhythms in human dermis and epidermis at three distinct body sites, leveraging both longitudinal (n = 20) and population (n = 154) data. We applied cyclic ordering by periodic structure (CYCLOPS) to order the population samples where biopsy time was not recorded. With CYCLOPS-predicted phases, we used ZeitZeiger to discover potential biomarkers of clock phase. RESULTS Circadian clock function was strongest in the epidermis, regardless of body site. We identified a 12-gene expression signature that reported molecular clock phase to within 3 h (mean error = 2.5 h) from a single sample of epidermis--the skin's most superficial layer. This set performed well across body sites, ages, sexes, and detection platforms. CONCLUSIONS This research shows that the clock in epidermis is more robust than dermis regardless of body site. To encourage ongoing validation of this putative biomarker in diverse populations, diseases, and experimental designs, we developed SkinPhaser--a user-friendly app to test biomarker performance in datasets ( https://github.com/gangwug/SkinPhaser ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marc D Ruben
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Divisions of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Pulmonary Medicine, and the Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Joseph D Sherrill
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - John E Oblong
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Kevin J Mills
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Center for Circadian Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Abstract
The temporal organization of molecular and physiological processes is driven by environmental and behavioral cycles as well as by self-sustained molecular circadian oscillators. Quantification of phase, amplitude, period, and disruption of circadian oscillators is essential for understanding their contribution to sleep-wake disorders, social jet lag, interindividual differences in entrainment, and the development of chrono-therapeutics. Traditionally, assessment of the human circadian system, and the output of the SCN in particular, has required collection of long time series of univariate markers such as melatonin or core body temperature. Data were collected in specialized laboratory protocols designed to control for environmental and behavioral influences on rhythmicity. These protocols are time-consuming, expensive, and not practical for assessing circadian status in patients or in participants in epidemiologic studies. Novel approaches for assessment of circadian parameters of the SCN or peripheral oscillators have been developed. They are based on machine learning or mathematical model-informed analyses of features extracted from 1 or a few samples of high-dimensional data, such as transcriptomes, metabolomes, long-term simultaneous recording of activity, light exposure, skin temperature, and heart rate or in vitro approaches. Here, we review whether these approaches successfully quantify parameters of central and peripheral circadian oscillators as indexed by gold standard markers. Although several approaches perform well under entrained conditions when sleep occurs at night, the methods either perform worse in other conditions such as shift work or they have not been assessed under any conditions other than entrainment and thus we do not yet know how robust they are. Novel approaches for the assessment of circadian parameters hold promise for circadian medicine, chrono-therapeutics, and chrono-epidemiology. There remains a need to validate these approaches against gold standard markers, in individuals of all sexes and ages, in patient populations, and, in particular, under conditions in which behavioral cycles are displaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Surrey
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Malik DM, Paschos GK, Sehgal A, Weljie AM. Circadian and Sleep Metabolomics Across Species. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3578-3610. [PMID: 32376454 PMCID: PMC7781158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under normal circadian function, metabolic control is temporally coordinated across tissues and behaviors with a 24-h period. However, circadian disruption results in negative consequences for metabolic homeostasis including energy or redox imbalances. Yet, circadian disruption has become increasingly prevalent within today's society due to many factors including sleep loss. Metabolic consequences of both have been revealed by metabolomics analyses of circadian biology and sleep. Specifically, two primary analytical platforms, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have been used to study molecular clock and sleep influences on overall metabolic rhythmicity. For example, human studies have demonstrated the prevalence of metabolic rhythms in human biology, as well as pan-metabolome consequences of sleep disruption. However, human studies are limited to peripheral metabolic readouts primarily through minimally invasive procedures. For further tissue- and organism-specific investigations, a number of model systems have been studied, based upon the conserved nature of both the molecular clock and sleep across species. Here we summarize human studies as well as key findings from metabolomics studies using mice, Drosophila, and zebrafish. While informative, a limitation in existing literature is a lack of interpretation regarding dynamic synthesis or catabolism within metabolite pools. To this extent, future work incorporating isotope tracers, specific metabolite reporters, and single-cell metabolomics may provide a means of exploring dynamic activity in pathways of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania M Malik
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Georgios K Paschos
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Penn Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Li C, Chen B, Fang Z, Leng YF, Wang DW, Chen FQ, Xu X, Sun ZL. Metabolomics in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Joint Bone Spine 2020; 87:425-430. [PMID: 32473419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review and analysis of data from several rheumatoid arthritis metabolomics studies attempts to determine which metabolites can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and to explore the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS We searched all the subject-related documents published by EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from the database to the September 2019 publication. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data. QUADOMICS tool was used to assess the quality of studies included in this systematic review. RESULTS A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria of systematic review, including 502 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 373 healthy people. Among them, the biological samples utilised for metabolomic analysis include: serum (n=8), urine (n=1) and synovial fluid (n=1). Some metabolites play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis: glucose, lactic acid, citric acid, leucine, methionine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, threonine, serine, proline, glutamate, histidine, alanine, cholesterol, glycerol, and ribose. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics provides important new opportunities for further research in rheumatoid arthritis and is expected to elucidate the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis that has not been fully understood before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Fei Leng
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan-Wen Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng-Qin Chen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Sun
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Bi H, Guo Z, Jia X, Liu H, Ma L, Xue L. The key points in the pre-analytical procedures of blood and urine samples in metabolomics studies. Metabolomics 2020; 16:68. [PMID: 32451742 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics provides measurement of numerous metabolites in human samples, which can be a useful tool in clinical research. Blood and urine are regarded as preferred subjects of study because of their minimally invasive collection and simple preprocessing methods. Adhering to standard operating procedures is an essential factor in ensuring excellent sample quality and reliable results. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the studies about the impacts of various preprocessing factors on metabolomics studies involving clinical blood and urine samples in order to provide guidance for sample collection and preprocessing. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Clinical information is important for sample grouping and data analysis which deserves attention before sample collection. Plasma and serum as well as urine samples are appropriate for metabolomics analysis. Collection tubes, hemolysis, delay at room temperature, and freeze-thaw cycles may affect metabolic profiles of blood samples. Collection time, time between sampling and examination, contamination, normalization strategies, and storage conditions may alter analysis results of urine samples. Taking these collection and preprocessing factors into account, this review provides suggestions of standard sample preprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bi
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Guo
- Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 Huayuan North Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 Huayuan North Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 Huayuan North Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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