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Wei H, Lu S, Chen M, Yao R, Yan B, Li Q, Song X, Li M, Wu Y, Yang X, Ma P. Mechanisms of exacerbation of Th2-mediated eosinophilic allergic asthma induced by plastic pollution derivatives (PPD): A molecular toxicological study involving lung cell ferroptosis and metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174482. [PMID: 38969129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are plastic pollution derivatives (PPDs) commonly found in the natural environment. To investigate the effects of PPD exposure on the risk of allergic asthma, we established a PPD exposure group in a mouse model. The dose administered for PS-MP was 0.1 mg/d and for DBP was 30 mg/kg/d, with a 5-week oral administration period. The pathological changes of airway tissue and the increase of oxidative stress and inflammatory response confirmed that PPD aggravated eosinophilic allergic asthma in mice. The mitochondrial morphological changes and metabolomics of mice confirmed that ferrotosis and oxidative stress played key roles in this process. Treatment with 100 mg/Kg deferoxamine (DFO) provided significant relief, and metabolomic analysis of lung tissue supported the molecular toxicological. Our findings suggest that the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lungs lead to Th2-mediated eosinophilic inflammation, characterized by elevated IL-4, IL-5, and eosinophils, and reduced INF-γ levels. This inflammatory response is mediated by the NFκB pathway and exacerbates type I hypersensitivity through increased IL-4 production. In this study, the molecular mechanism by which PPD aggravates asthma in mice was elucidated, which helps to improve the understanding of the health effects of PPD and lays a theoretical foundation for addressing the health risks posed by PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Surui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Runming Yao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xiaoli Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Mengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China; Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China.
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Mott TM, Wulffraat GC, Eddins AJ, Mehl RA, Senning EN. Fluorescence labeling strategies for cell surface expression of TRPV1. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313523. [PMID: 39162763 PMCID: PMC11338283 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of ion channel expression on the plasma membrane is a major determinant of neuronal excitability, and identifying the underlying mechanisms of this expression is critical to our understanding of neurons. Here, we present two orthogonal strategies to label extracellular sites of the ion channel TRPV1 that minimally perturb its function. We use the amber codon suppression technique to introduce a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) with tetrazine click chemistry, compatible with a trans-cyclooctene coupled fluorescent dye. Additionally, by inserting the circularly permutated HaloTag (cpHaloTag) in an extracellular loop of TRPV1, we can incorporate a fluorescent dye of our choosing. Optimization of ncAA insertion sites was accomplished by screening residue positions between the S1 and S2 transmembrane domains with elevated missense variants in the human population. We identified T468 as a rapid labeling site (∼5 min) based on functional and biochemical assays in HEK293T/17 cells. Through adapting linker lengths and backbone placement of cpHaloTag on the extracellular side of TRPV1, we generated a fully functional channel construct, TRPV1exCellHalo, with intact wild-type gating properties. We used TRPV1exCellHalo in a single molecule experiment to track TRPV1 on the cell surface and validate studies that show decreased mobility of the channel upon activation. The application of these extracellular label TRPV1 (exCellTRPV1) constructs to track surface localization of the channel will shed significant light on the mechanisms regulating its expression and provide a general scheme to introduce similar modifications to other cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryan A Mehl
- Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR, USA
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Mott TM, Wulffraat GC, Eddins AJ, Mehl RA, Senning EN. Fluorescence labeling strategies for the study of ion channel and receptor cell surface expression: A comprehensive toolkit for extracellular labeling of TRPV1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593209. [PMID: 39005265 PMCID: PMC11244879 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of ion channel expression on the plasma membrane is a major determinant of neuronal excitability, and identifying the underlying mechanisms of this expression is critical to our understanding of neurons. A critical aspect of measuring changes in ion channel expression is uniquely identifying ion channels located on the cell surface. To accomplish this goal we demonstrate two orthogonal strategies to label extracellular sites of the ion channel TRPV1 that minimally perturb the function of the channel: 1) We use the amber codon suppression technique to introduce a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) with tetrazine click chemistry compatible with a trans-cyclooctene coupled fluorescent dye. 2) By inserting the circularly permutated HaloTag (cpHaloTag) in an extracellular loop of TRPV1, we incorporate a click-chemistry site for a chloroalkane-linked fluorescent dye of our choosing. Optimization of ncAA insertion sites was accomplished by screening residue positions between the S1 and S2 transmembrane domains with elevated missense variants in the human population, and we identified T468 as a rapid labeling site (~5 minutes) based on functional as well as biochemical assays in HEK293T/17 cells. After several rounds of adapting the linker lengths and backbone placement of cpHaloTag on the extracellular side of TRPV1, our efforts led to a channel construct that robustly expressed as a fully functional TRPV1exCellHalo fusion with intact wild-type gating properties. The TRPV1exCellHalo construct was used in a single molecule experiment to track TRPV1 on the cell surface and validate studies that show decreased mobility of the channel upon activation. The success of these extracellular label TRPV1 (exCellTRPV1) constructs as tools to track surface expression of the channel will shed significant light on the mechanisms regulating expression and provide a general scheme to introduce similar modifications to other cell surface receptors.
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Satapathy T, Singh G, Pandey RK, Shukla SS, Bhardwaj SK, Gidwani B. Novel Targets and Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain: Recent Studies and Clinical Advancement. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:25-45. [PMID: 38037995 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501271207231127063431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Pain is generated by a small number of peripheral targets. These can be made more sensitive by inflammatory mediators. The number of opioids prescribed to the patients can be reduced dramatically with better pain management. Any therapy that safely and reliably provides extended analgesia and is flexible enough to facilitate a diverse array of release profiles would be useful for improving patient comfort, quality of care, and compliance after surgical procedures. Comparisons are made between new and traditional methods, and the current state of development has been discussed; taking into account the availability of molecular and cellular level data, preclinical and clinical data, and early post-market data. There are a number of benefits associated with the use of nanotechnology in the delivery of analgesics to specific areas of the body. Nanoparticles are able to transport drugs to inaccessible bodily areas because of their small molecular size. This review focuses on targets that act specifically or primarily on sensory neurons, as well as inflammatory mediators that have been shown to have an analgesic effect as a side effect of their anti- inflammatory properties. New, regulated post-operative pain management devices that use existing polymeric systems were presented in this article, along with the areas for potential development. Analgesic treatments, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trilochan Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Gulab Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Shiv Shankar Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Beena Gidwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
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Ye W, Lui ST, Zhao Q, Wong YM, Cheng A, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Qian PY, Huang P. Novel marine natural products as effective TRPV1 channel blockers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127136. [PMID: 37776932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain management poses a formidable challenge to healthcare, exacerbated by current analgesic options' limitations and adverse effects. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel, has emerged as a promising target for novel analgesics. However, safety and tolerability concerns have constrained the development of TRPV1 modulators. In this study, we explored marine-derived natural products as a source of potential TRPV1 modulators using high-throughput dye-uptake assays. We identified chrexanthomycins, a family of hexacyclic xanthones, exhibited potent TRPV1 inhibitory effects, with compounds cC and cF demonstrating the most significant activity. High-resolution patch-clamp assays confirmed the direct action of these compounds on the TRPV1 channel. Furthermore, in vivo assays revealed that cC and cF effectively suppressed capsaicin-induced pain sensation in mice, comparable to the known TRPV1 inhibitor, capsazepine. Structural-activity relationship analysis highlighted the importance of specific functional groups in modulating TRPV1 activity. Our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of chrexanthomycins and pave the way for further investigations into marine-derived TRPV1 modulators for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Ye
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; SZU-HKUST Joint Ph.D. Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sin Tung Lui
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qirui Zhao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk Ming Wong
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pingbo Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Chu Y, Zhang H, Yang M, Yu R. Molecular Dynamic Simulations Reveal the Activation Mechanisms of Oxidation-Induced TRPV1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119553. [PMID: 37298504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a non-selective cation channel, can be directly activated by oxidants through cysteine modification. However, the patterns of cysteine modification are unclear. Structural analysis showed that the free sulfhydryl groups of residue pairs C387 and C391 were potentially oxidized to form a disulfide bond, which is expected to be closely related to the redox sensing of TRPV1. To investigate if and how the redox states of C387 and C391 activate TRPV1, homology modeling and accelerated molecular dynamic simulations were performed. The simulation revealed the conformational transfer during the opening or closing of the channel. The formation of a disulfide bond between C387 and C391 leads to the motion of pre-S1, which further propagates conformational change to TRP, S6, and the pore helix from near to far. Residues D389, K426, E685-Q691, T642, and T671 contribute to the hydrogen bond transfer and play essential roles in the opening of the channel. The reduced TRPV1 was inactivated mainly by stabilizing the closed conformation. Our study elucidated the redox state of C387-C391 mediated long-range allostery of TRPV1, which provided new insights into the activation mechanism of TRPV1 and is crucial for making significant advances in the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengke Yang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266100, China
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7
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Hu Z, Zhang Y, Yu W, Li J, Yao J, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang C. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) modulators: Recent update and future perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115392. [PMID: 37269667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a non-selective cation channel that senses irritant chemicals. Its activation is closely associated with pain, inflammation, and pruritus. TRPA1 antagonists are promising treatments for these diseases, and there has been a recent upsurge in their application to new areas such as cancer, asthma, and Alzheimer's disease. However, due to the generally disappointing performance of TRPA1 antagonists in clinical studies, scientists must pursue the development of antagonists with higher selectivity, metabolic stability, and solubility. Moreover, TRPA1 agonists provide a deeper understanding of activation mechanisms and aid in antagonist screening. Therefore, we summarize the TRPA1 antagonists and agonists developed in recent years, with a particular focus on structure-activity relationships (SARs) and pharmacological activity. In this perspective, we endeavor to keep abreast of cutting-edge ideas and provide inspiration for the development of more effective TRPA1-modulating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenhan Yu
- College of Letters & Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720, California, United States
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Molot J, Sears M, Anisman H. Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: It's time to catch up to the science. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105227. [PMID: 37172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex medical condition associated with low dose chemical exposures. MCS is characterized by diverse features and common comorbidities, including fibromyalgia, cough hypersensitivity, asthma, and migraine, and stress/anxiety, with which the syndrome shares numerous neurobiological processes and altered functioning within diverse brain regions. Predictive factors linked to MCS comprise genetic influences, gene-environment interactions, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, cell dysfunction, and psychosocial influences. The development of MCS may be attributed to the sensitization of transient receptor potential (TRP) receptors, notably TRPV1 and TRPA1. Capsaicin inhalation challenge studies demonstrated that TRPV1 sensitization is manifested in MCS, and functional brain imaging studies revealed that TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists promote brain-region specific neuronal variations. Unfortunately, MCS has often been inappropriately viewed as stemming exclusively from psychological disturbances, which has fostered patients being stigmatized and ostracized, and often being denied accommodation for their disability. Evidence-based education is essential to provide appropriate support and advocacy. Greater recognition of receptor-mediated biological mechanisms should be incorporated in laws, and regulation of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Margaret Sears
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
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Koroleva K, Svitko S, Ananev A, Buglinina A, Bogatova K, Yakovleva O, Nurmieva D, Shaidullov I, Sitdikova G. Effects of Nitric Oxide on the Activity of P2X and TRPV1 Receptors in Rat Meningeal Afferents of the Trigeminal Nerve. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087519. [PMID: 37108677 PMCID: PMC10144808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is one of the endogenous molecules that play a key role in migraine. However, the interaction between NO and the main players in the nociceptive activity of the meningeal trigeminal afferents-TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors-remains unstudied. In the current project, the effects of acute and chronic NO administration on the activity of TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors in the peripheral afferents were studied using electrophysiological recording of action potentials of the trigeminal nerve in the rat hemiskull preparations. The data obtained indicate that exogenous and endogenous NO increased the activity of the trigeminal nerve independent on the inhibition of the TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors. The activity of the trigeminal nerve triggered by ATP changed neither in acute incubation in the NO donor-sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nor in the chronic nitroglycerine (NG)-induced migraine model. Moreover, the chronic NG administration did not increase in the number of degranulated mast cells in the rat meninges. At the same time, the capsaicin-induced activity of the trigeminal nerve was higher with chronic NO administration or after acute NO application, and these effects were prevented by N-ethylmaleimide. In conclusion, we suggested that NO positively modulates the activity of TRPV1 receptors by S-nitrosylation, which may contribute to the pro-nociceptive action of NO and underlie the sensitization of meningeal afferents in chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Koroleva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Svitko
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anton Ananev
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Buglinina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ksenia Bogatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Yakovleva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dinara Nurmieva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilnar Shaidullov
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Lu C, Liu Q, Deng M, Liao H, Yang X, Ma P. Interaction of high temperature and NO 2 exposure on asthma risk: In vivo experimental evidence of inflammation and oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161760. [PMID: 36702287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complicated respiratory disease with many concerns. Mounting epidemiological evidence linked temperature (T) and NO2 with allergic asthma, yet toxicological studies remain scarce. We conducted an in vivo study to explore toxicological evidence in T-NO2 interaction on allergic asthma, to investigate underlying toxicological mechanisms. 90 male Balb/c mice were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups including saline control, ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized, OVA + 35 °C, OVA + NO2, OVA + 35 °C + NO2, and OVA + 35 °C + NO2 + capsazepine (CZP), adopting treatment for 38 days. We measured pulmonary functions of inspiratory resistance (Ri), expiratory resistance (Re) and airway compliance (Cldyn), serum protein biomarkers, indexes of pulmonary inflammation, histopathological changes and protective effects of CZP. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was aggravated by high T (35 °C) and NO2 (5 ppm) co-exposure with a series of aggravating asthmatic symptoms including airway wall thickening, lumen stenosis, goblet cell proliferation, mucus hypersecretion, and subepithelial fibrotic hyperplasia, providing evidence in the toxicological impact of high T-NO2 interaction. The biomarkers of serum immune functions (Total-IgE, OVA-sIgE and IL-4), pro-inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α), oxidative stress cytokines (8-OHdG, ROS and MDA), airway resistance (Ri and Re), and TRPV1 expression significantly increased, while IFN-γ, GSH and airway compliance (Cldyn) significantly decreased with co-exposure to high T and NO2. We observed that CZP addition significantly ameliorated these toxicological effects and biomarker levels induced by heat-NO2 interaction. Our results suggest a toxicity of heat-NO2 interaction on asthma with clear mechanisms, which can be ameliorated by CZP, indicating that both oxidative stress and TRPV1 expression may be primarily responsible for asthma of heat-NO2-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Miaomiao Deng
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hongsen Liao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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11
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Smith BJ, McHugh CF, Hirano AA, Brecha NC, Barnes S. Transient and Sustained Ganglion Cell Light Responses Are Differentially Modulated by Intrinsically Produced Reactive Oxygen Species Acting upon Specific Voltage-Gated Na + Channel Isoforms. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2291-2304. [PMID: 36828637 PMCID: PMC10072295 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1723-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing spike rates drive greater neuronal energy demand. In turn, mitochondrial ATP production leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can modulate ion channel gating. Does ROS production autoregulate the excitability of a neuron? We investigated the links between retinal ganglion cell (RGC) excitability and spike activity-driven ROS production in male and female mice. Changes to the light-evoked and current-evoked spike patterns of functionally identified αRGC subtypes, along with their NaV channel-gating properties, were recorded during experimentally induced decreases and increases of intracellular ROS. During periods of highest spike rates (e.g., following light onset in ON sustained RGCs and light offset in OFF sustained RGCs), these αRGC subtypes responded to reductions of ROS (induced by catalase or glutathione monoethyl ester) with higher spike rates. Increases in ROS (induced by mercaptosuccinate, antimycin-A, or H2O2) lowered spike rates. In ON and OFF transient RGCs, there were no changes in spike rate during ROS decreases but increased ROS increased spiking. This suggests that endogenous ROS are intrinsic neuromodulators in RGCs having high metabolic demands but not in RGCs with lower energy needs. We identified ROS-induced shifts in the voltage-dependent gating of specific isoforms of NaV channels that account for the modulation of ON and OFF sustained RGC spike frequency by ROS-mediated feedback. ROS-induced changes to NaV channel gating, affecting activation and inactivation kinetics, are consistent with the differing spike pattern alterations observed in RGC subtypes. Cell-autonomous generation of ROS during spiking contributes to tuning the spike patterns of RGCs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Energy production within retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is accompanied by metabolic by-products harmful to cellular function. How these by-products modulate the excitability of RGCs bears heavily on visual function and the etiology of optic neuropathies. A novel hypothesis of how RGC metabolism can produce automodulation of electrical signaling was tested by identifying the characteristics and biophysical origins of changes to the excitability of RGCs caused by oxidizing by-products in the retina. This impacts our understanding of the pathophysiology of RGC dysfunction, supporting an emerging model in which increases in oxidizing chemical species during energy production, but not necessarily bioenergetic failure, lead to preferential degeneration of specific subtypes of RGCs, yielding loss of different aspects of visual capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Smith
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 91103
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Cyrus F McHugh
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 91103
| | - Arlene A Hirano
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Nicholas C Brecha
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Steven Barnes
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 91103
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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12
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Ahn J, Ohk K, Won J, Choi DH, Jung YH, Yang JH, Jun Y, Kim JA, Chung S, Lee SH. Modeling of three-dimensional innervated epidermal like-layer in a microfluidic chip-based coculture system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1488. [PMID: 36932093 PMCID: PMC10023681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of skin equivalents with physiologically relevant cellular and matrix architecture is indispensable for basic research and industrial applications. As skin-nerve crosstalk is increasingly recognized as a major element of skin physiological pathology, the development of reliable in vitro models to evaluate the selective communication between epidermal keratinocytes and sensory neurons is being demanded. In this study, we present a three-dimensional innervated epidermal keratinocyte layer as a sensory neuron-epidermal keratinocyte co-culture model on a microfluidic chip using the slope-based air-liquid interfacing culture and spatial compartmentalization. Our co-culture model recapitulates a more organized basal-suprabasal stratification, enhanced barrier function, and physiologically relevant anatomical innervation and demonstrated the feasibility of in situ imaging and functional analysis in a cell-type-specific manner, thereby improving the structural and functional limitations of previous coculture models. This system has the potential as an improved surrogate model and platform for biomedical and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchul Ahn
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Next&Bio Inc., Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyungeun Ohk
- R&D center, Humedix, Co., Ltd., Seongnam, 13201, South Korea
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jihee Won
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Next&Bio Inc., Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Next&Bio Inc., Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Next&Bio Inc., Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | | | - Yesl Jun
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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13
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Mott TM, Ibarra JS, Kandula N, Senning EN. Mutagenesis studies of TRPV1 subunit interfaces informed by genomic variant analysis. Biophys J 2023; 122:322-332. [PMID: 36518076 PMCID: PMC9892609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein structures and mutagenesis studies have been instrumental in elucidating molecular mechanisms of ion channel function, but making informed choices about which residues to target for mutagenesis can be challenging. Therefore, we investigated the potential for using human population genomic data to further refine our selection of mutagenesis sites in TRPV1. Single nucleotide polymorphism data of TRPV1 from gnomAD 2.1.1 revealed a lower number of missense variants within buried residues of the ankyrin repeat domain and an increased number of variants between secondary structure elements of the transmembrane segments. We hypothesized that residues critical to interactions at interfaces between subunits or domains in the channel would exhibit a similar reduction in variants. We identified in the structure of ground squirrel TRPV1 (PDB: 7LQY) a possible electrostatic network between K155 and K160 in the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain and E761 and D762 in the C-terminus (K-KED). Consistent with our hypothesis for residues at key interface sites, none of the four residues have any variants reported in gnomAD 2.1.1. Ca2+ imaging of TRPV1 K-KED mutants confirmed significant roles for these residues, but we found that the electrostatic interaction is not essential since channel function is still observed in total charge reversals on the C-terminal side of the interface (E761K/D762K). Interestingly, Ca2+ imaging responses for a charge swap experiment with K155D/D762K showed partially restored wild-type responses. Using electrophysiology, we found that charge reversals on either K155 or D762 increased the baseline currents of TRPV1, and the charge swapped double mutant, K155D/D762K, partially restored baseline currents to wild-type levels. We interpret these results to mean that contacts across residues in the K-KED interface shift the equilibria of conformations to closed pore states. Our study demonstrates the utility and applicability of a combined missense variant and structure targeted investigation of residues at TRPV1 subunit interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Mott
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Jordan S Ibarra
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Nivitha Kandula
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5000 Holmes St, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Eric N Senning
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.
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14
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Allison RL, Burand A, Torres DN, Brandow AM, Stucky CL, Ebert AD. Sickle cell disease patient plasma sensitizes iPSC-derived sensory neurons from sickle cell disease patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523446. [PMID: 36711992 PMCID: PMC9882050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience severe recurrent acute and chronic pain. In order to develop novel therapies, it is necessary to better understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying SCD pain. There are many barriers to gaining mechanistic insight into pathogenic SCD pain processes, such as differential gene expression and function of sensory neurons between humans and mice with SCD, as well as the limited availability of patient samples. These can be overcome by utilizing SCD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into sensory neurons (SCD iSNs). Here, we characterize the key gene expression and function of SCD iSNs to establish a model for higher-throughput investigation of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may contribute to increased SCD patient pain. Importantly, identified roles for C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) and endothelin 1 (ET1) in SCD pain can be recapitulated in SCD iSNs. Further, we find that plasma taken from SCD patients during acute pain increases SCD iSN calcium response to the nociceptive stimulus capsaicin compared to those treated with paired SCD patient plasma at baseline or healthy control plasma samples. Together, these data provide the framework necessary to utilize iSNs as a powerful tool to investigate the neurobiology of SCD and identify potential intrinsic mechanisms of SCD pain which may extend beyond a blood-based pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly L. Allison
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Anthony Burand
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Damaris Nieves Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Amanda M. Brandow
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Allison D. Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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15
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Molot J, Sears M, Marshall LM, Bray RI. Neurological susceptibility to environmental exposures: pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:509-530. [PMID: 34529912 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization lists air pollution as one of the top five risks for developing chronic non-communicable disease, joining tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. This review focuses on how host defense mechanisms against adverse airborne exposures relate to the probable interacting and overlapping pathophysiological features of neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity. Significant long-term airborne exposures can contribute to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, transient receptor subfamily vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and subfamily ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) upregulation and sensitization, with impacts on olfactory and trigeminal nerve function, and eventual loss of brain mass. The potential for neurologic dysfunction, including decreased cognition, chronic pain and central sensitization related to airborne contaminants, can be magnified by genetic polymorphisms that result in less effective detoxification. Onset of neurodegenerative disorders is subtle, with early loss of brain mass and loss of sense of smell. Onset of MCS may be gradual following long-term low dose airborne exposures, or acute following a recognizable exposure. Upregulation of chemosensitive TRPV1 and TRPA1 polymodal receptors has been observed in patients with neurodegeneration, and chemically sensitive individuals with asthma, migraine and MCS. In people with chemical sensitivity, these receptors are also sensitized, which is defined as a reduction in the threshold and an increase in the magnitude of a response to noxious stimulation. There is likely damage to the olfactory system in neurodegeneration and trigeminal nerve hypersensitivity in MCS, with different effects on olfactory processing. The associations of low vitamin D levels and protein kinase activity seen in neurodegeneration have not been studied in MCS. Table 2 presents a summary of neurodegeneration and MCS, comparing 16 distinctive genetic, pathophysiological and clinical features associated with air pollution exposures. There is significant overlap, suggesting potential comorbidity. Canadian Health Measures Survey data indicates an overlap between neurodegeneration and MCS (p < 0.05) that suggests comorbidity, but the extent of increased susceptibility to the other condition is not established. Nevertheless, the pathways to the development of these conditions likely involve TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors, and so it is hypothesized that manifestation of neurodegeneration and/or MCS and possibly why there is divergence may be influenced by polymorphisms of these receptors, among other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, North York, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Riina I Bray
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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The human TRPA1 intrinsic cold and heat sensitivity involves separate channel structures beyond the N-ARD domain. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6113. [PMID: 36253390 PMCID: PMC9576766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TRP channels sense temperatures ranging from noxious cold to noxious heat. Whether specialized TRP thermosensor modules exist and how they control channel pore gating is unknown. We studied purified human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) truncated proteins to gain insight into the temperature gating of hTRPA1. In patch-clamp bilayer recordings, ∆1-688 hTRPA1, without the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (N-ARD), was more sensitive to cold and heat, whereas ∆1-854 hTRPA1, also lacking the S1-S4 voltage sensing-like domain (VSLD), gained sensitivity to cold but lost its heat sensitivity. In hTRPA1 intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence studies, cold and heat evoked rearrangement of VSLD and the C-terminus domain distal to the transmembrane pore domain S5-S6 (CTD). In whole-cell electrophysiology experiments, replacement of the CTD located cysteines 1021 and 1025 with alanine modulated hTRPA1 cold responses. It is proposed that hTRPA1 CTD harbors cold and heat sensitive domains allosterically coupled to the S5-S6 pore region and the VSLD, respectively.
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17
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Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Marques LAC, Santos GS, Simão G, Bueno LR, Maria-Ferreira D, Muscará MN, Fernandes ES. An Overview of the TRP-Oxidative Stress Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081292. [PMID: 35455971 PMCID: PMC9030853 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. It has become a global epidemic associated with increased consumption of high-calorie, low-fibre food and sedentary habits. Some of its underlying mechanisms have been identified, with hypoadiponectinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as important factors for MS establishment and progression. Alterations in adipokine levels may favour glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which, in turn, contribute to inflammation and cellular stress responses within the adipose, pancreatic and liver tissues, in addition to hepatic steatosis. The multiple mechanisms of MS make its clinical management difficult, involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective calcium channels involved in a plethora of physiological events, including energy balance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from animal models of disease has contributed to identify their specific contributions to MS and may help to tailor clinical trials for the disease. In this context, the oxidative stress sensors TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC5, play major roles in regulating inflammatory responses, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, the interplay between these TRP channels and oxidative stress in MS is discussed in the light of novel therapies to treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo A. C. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Laryssa R. Bueno
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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18
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Zhang Y, Miao Q, Shi S, Hao H, Li X, Pu Z, Yang Y, An H, Zhang W, Kong Y, Pang X, Gu C, Gamper N, Wu Y, Zhang H, Du X. Protein disulfide isomerase modulation of TRPV1 controls heat hyperalgesia in chronic pain. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110625. [PMID: 35385753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by mediating protein folding via catalyzing disulfide bond formation, breakage, and rearrangement in the endoplasmic reticulum. Increasing evidence suggests that PDI can be a potential treatment target for several diseases. However, the function of PDI in the peripheral sensory nervous system is unclear. Here we report the expression and secretion of PDI from primary sensory neurons is upregulated in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Deletion of PDI in nociceptive DRG neurons results in a reduction in inflammatory and neuropathic heat hyperalgesia. We demonstrate that secreted PDI activates TRPV1 channels through oxidative modification of extracellular cysteines of the channel, indicating that PDI acts as an unconventional positive modulator of TRPV1. These findings suggest that PDI in primary sensory neurons plays an important role in development of heat hyperalgesia and can be a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Handan, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, Hebei, China
| | - Han Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zeyao Pu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yakun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Youzhen Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cunyang Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nikita Gamper
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Yi Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaona Du
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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19
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Kievit B, Johnstone AD, Gibon J, Barker PA. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Activation of TRPV1 and Calcium Entry Following Peripheral Sensory Axotomy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:852181. [PMID: 35370552 PMCID: PMC8973397 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.852181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons that are physically separated from their soma activate a series of signaling events that results in axonal self-destruction. A critical element of this signaling pathway is an intra-axonal calcium rise that occurs just prior to axonal fragmentation. Previous studies have shown that preventing this calcium rise delays the onset of axon fragmentation, yet the ion channels responsible for the influx, and the mechanisms by which they are activated, are largely unknown. Axonal injury can be modeled in vitro by transecting murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory axons. We coupled transections with intra-axonal calcium imaging and found that Ca2+ influx is sharply reduced in axons lacking trpv1 (for transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid 1) and in axons treated with capsazepine (CPZ), a TRPV1 antagonist. Sensory neurons from trpv1–/– mice were partially rescued from degeneration after transection, indicating that TRPV1 normally plays a pro-degenerative role after axonal injury. TRPV1 activity can be regulated by direct post-translational modification induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial ROS production induced by axotomy is required for TRPV1 activity and subsequent axonal degeneration. We found that reducing mitochondrial depolarization with NAD+ supplementation or scavenging ROS using NAC or MitoQ sharply attenuates TRPV1-dependent calcium influx induced by axotomy. This study shows that ROS-dependent TRPV1 activation is required for Ca2+ entry after axotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Kievit
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron D. Johnstone
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Gibon
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Julien Gibon,
| | - Philip A. Barker
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Philip A. Barker,
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20
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Squillace S, Salvemini D. Nitroxidative stress in pain and opioid-induced adverse effects: therapeutic opportunities. Pain 2022; 163:205-213. [PMID: 34145168 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Squillace
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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21
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Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common occurrence associated with many different classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Gastrointestinal toxicity includes mucositis, diarrhea, and constipation, and can often be a dose-limiting complication, induce cessation of treatment and could be life threatening. The gastrointestinal epithelium is rich in rapidly dividing cells and hence is a prime target for chemotherapeutic drugs. The incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhea and mucositis, is extremely high for a wide array of chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens. In fact, 60%-100% of patients on high-dose chemotherapy suffer from gastrointestinal side effects. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited, and therapy is often restricted to palliative care. Therefore, there is a great unmet therapeutic need for preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities in the clinic. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and mucositis, and emerging mechanisms involving the enteric nervous system, smooth muscle cells and enteric immune cells. Recent evidence has also implicated gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of not only chemotherapy-induced mucositis and diarrhea, but also chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents results in post-translational modification of ion channels altering neuronal excitability. Thus, investigating how chemotherapy-induced changes in the gut- microbiome axis may lead to gut-related toxicities will be critical in the discovery of new drug targets for mitigating adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Karan H Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Donald K Jessup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stanley Cheatham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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22
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York JM, Zakon HH. OUP accepted manuscript. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6519823. [PMID: 35106545 PMCID: PMC8857925 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals rely on their sensory systems to inform them of ecologically relevant environmental variation. In the Southern Ocean, the thermal environment has remained between −1.9 and 5 °C for 15 Myr, yet we have no knowledge of how an Antarctic marine organism might sense their thermal habitat as we have yet to discover a thermosensitive ion channel that gates (opens/closes) below 10 °C. Here, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are the primary thermosensors in animals, within cryonotothenioid fishes—the dominant fish fauna of the Southern Ocean. We found cryonotothenioids have a similar complement of TRP channels as other teleosts (∼28 genes). Previous work has shown that thermosensitive gating in a given channel is species specific, and multiple channels act together to sense the thermal environment. Therefore, we combined evidence of changes in selective pressure, gene gain/loss dynamics, and the first sensory ganglion transcriptome in this clade to identify the best candidate TRP channels that might have a functional dynamic range relevant for frigid Antarctic temperatures. We concluded that TRPV1a, TRPA1b, and TRPM4 are the likeliest putative thermosensors, and found evidence of diversifying selection at sites across these proteins. We also put forward hypotheses for molecular mechanisms of other cryonotothenioid adaptations, such as reduced skeletal calcium deposition, sensing oxidative stress, and unusual magnesium homeostasis. By completing a comprehensive and unbiased survey of these genes, we lay the groundwork for functional characterization and answering long-standing thermodynamic questions of thermosensitive gating and protein adaptation to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M York
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Harold H Zakon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, USA
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23
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Das S, Saha A, Patowary P, Niri P, Goyary D, Karmakar S, Chattopadhyay P. Assessment of toxicological consequences upon acute inhalation exposure to chemically improvised nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) containing oleoresin capsicum and skatole. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1129-1143. [PMID: 34956616 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory irritation is an acute adverse effect leading to temporary disability posed by riot control agents in various deployable forms are utilized by defense personal in violent mob attacks but their irreversible toxic effects and risk assessment have been a matter of concern. These intimidating risks of available riot control agents have led to exploring the pulmonary toxicity profile of the oil in water emulsion formulation developed for vicious crowd controls containing an irritant oleoresin capsicum, a malodorant (skatole), and a commercial dye, followed by characterization using standard methods. Nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) has been aimed to be the best possible low-lethal alternative for riot control measures. In this study, 30 min of acute inhalation exposure of NCF was given to Wistar rats and various respiratory parameters like lung dynamics, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytological assays, pro-inflammatory cytokines estimation, antioxidant activity, collagen accumulation, cytotoxicity, in vivo lung imaging, western blot, histology of lung tissue, etc. were investigated to validate its potentiality and rate of irritation reversibility as nonlethal agents. An exaggerated physiological change like sensory irritation, changes in lung functional variables, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, etc. were noticed initially without airway obstruction as the expression of nociceptive TRPV1 protein did not alter the physiological regulation of protective proteins like Nrf2 and HO-1 and also no abnormality was found in lung tissue architecture. In conclusion, it can be stated that this formulation can be explored as a nonlethal riot control agent intending to generate discomfort but with early reversibility of sensory irritation and no recurrence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghita Das
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Solmara, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Solmara, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Pakter Niri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Solmara, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Danswrang Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Solmara, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Sanjeev Karmakar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Solmara, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Solmara, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India
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24
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Enhanced Ocular Surface and Intraoral Nociception via a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Mechanism in a Rat Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Neuroscience 2021; 483:66-81. [PMID: 34883200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by low arterial oxygen saturation during sleep, is associated with an increased risk of orofacial pain. In this study, we simulated chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) during the sleep/rest phase (light phase) to determine the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in mediating enhanced orofacial nocifensive behavior and trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) neuronal responses to capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) stimulation in a rat model of OSA. Rats were subjected to CIH (nadir O2, 5%) during the light phase for 8 or 16 consecutive days. CIH yielded enhanced behavioral responses to capsaicin after application to the ocular surface and intraoral mucosa, which was reversed under normoxic conditions. The percentage of TRPV1-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion neurons was greater in CIH rats than in normoxic rats and recovered under normoxic conditions after CIH. The ratio of large-sized TRPV1-immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion neurons increased in CIH rats. The density of TRPV1 positive primary afferent terminals in the superficial laminae of Vc was higher in CIH rats. Phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK)-immunoreactive cells intermingled with the central terminal of TRPV1-positive afferents in the Vc. The number of pERK-immunoreactive cells following low-dose capsaicin (0.33 µM) application to the tongue was significantly greater in the middle portion of the Vc of CIH rats than of normoxic rats and recovered under normoxic conditions after CIH. These data suggest that CIH during the sleep (light) phase is sufficient to transiently enhance pain on the ocular surface and intraoral mucosa via TRPV1-dependent mechanisms.
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25
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Oda M, Fujiwara Y, Ishizaki Y, Shibasaki K. Oxidation sensitizes TRPV2 to chemical and heat stimuli, but not mechanical stimulation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101173. [PMID: 34841092 PMCID: PMC8605382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ion channel is activated by a chemical ligand (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate; 2-APB), noxious heat and mechanical stimulation. In a heterologous mammalian cell expression system, the oxidant chloramine T (ChT) sensitizes TRPV2 activation in response to 2-APB and heat by oxidation of methionine residues at positions 528 and 607 in rat TRPV2. Here, we used a Xenopus oocyte expression system to determine whether ChT-mediated oxidation can also sensitize TRPV2 to mechanical stimulation. In this system, we confirmed that ChT sensitized TRPV2 activation in response to 2-APB and heat, but we detected no sensitization to mechanical stimulation. This result suggests that the activation mechanism of TRPV2 by a chemical ligand and heat differs from that for mechanical stimulation. Further, we demonstrated that two-electrode voltage clamp recording in the Xenopus oocyte expression system is an excellent format for high throughput analysis of oxidization of redox-sensitive TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Oda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fujiwara
- Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ishizaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Koji Shibasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, 1-1-1 Manabino, Nagayo, Nagasaki, 851-2195, Japan.
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26
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Negri S, Faris P, Tullii G, Vismara M, Pellegata AF, Lodola F, Guidetti G, Rosti V, Antognazza MR, Moccia F. Conjugated polymers mediate intracellular Ca 2+ signals in circulating endothelial colony forming cells through the reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102502. [PMID: 34896699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) represent the most suitable cellular substrate to induce revascularization of ischemic tissues. Recently, optical excitation of the light-sensitive conjugated polymer, regioregular Poly (3-hexyl-thiophene), rr-P3HT, was found to stimulate ECFC proliferation and tube formation by activating the non-selective cation channel, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Herein, we adopted a multidisciplinary approach, ranging from intracellular Ca2+ imaging to pharmacological manipulation and genetic suppression of TRPV1 expression, to investigate the effects of photoexcitation on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in circulating ECFCs plated on rr-P3HT thin films. Polymer-mediated optical excitation induced a long-lasting increase in [Ca2+]i that could display an oscillatory pattern at shorter light stimuli. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation revealed that the Ca2+ response to light was triggered by extracellular Ca2+ entry through TRPV1, whose activation required the production of reactive oxygen species at the interface between rr-P3HT and the cell membrane. Light-induced TRPV1-mediated Ca2+ entry was able to evoke intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, followed by store-operated Ca2+ entry on the plasma membrane. These data show that TRPV1 may serve as a decoder at the interface between rr-P3HT thin films and ECFCs to translate optical excitation in pro-angiogenic Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawan Faris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Vismara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Pellegata
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianni Guidetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnosis, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Palmaers NE, Wiegand SB, Herzog C, Echtermeyer FG, Eberhardt MJ, Leffler A. Distinct Mechanisms Account for In Vitro Activation and Sensitization of TRPV1 by the Porphyrin Hemin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910856. [PMID: 34639197 PMCID: PMC8509749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 mediates pain occurring during sickling episodes in sickle cell disease (SCD). We examined if hemin, a porphyrin released during intravascular hemolysis modulates TRPV1. Calcium imaging and patch clamp were employed to examine effects of hemin on mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and HEK293t cells expressing TRPV1 and TRPA1. Hemin induced a concentration-dependent calcium influx in DRG neurons which was abolished by the unspecific TRP-channel inhibitor ruthenium red. The selective TRPV1-inhibitor BCTC or genetic deletion of TRPV1 only marginally impaired hemin-induced calcium influx in DRG neurons. While hTRPV1 expressed in HEK293 cells mediated a hemin-induced calcium influx which was blocked by BCTC, patch clamp recordings only showed potentiated proton- and heat-evoked currents. This effect was abolished by the PKC-inhibitor chelerythrine chloride and in protein kinase C (PKC)-insensitive TRPV1-mutants. Hemin-induced calcium influx through TRPV1 was only partly PKC-sensitive, but it was abolished by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). In contrast, hemin-induced potentiation of inward currents was not reduced by DTT. Hemin also induced a redox-dependent calcium influx, but not inward currents on hTRPA1. Our data suggest that hemin induces a PKC-mediated sensitization of TRPV1. However, it also acts as a photosensitizer when exposed to UVA-light used for calcium imaging. The resulting activation of redox-sensitive ion channels such as TRPV1 and TRPA1 may be an in vitro artifact with limited physiological relevance.
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Negri S, Faris P, Moccia F. Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Ca 2+ Signaling: Brothers in Arms or Partners in Crime? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189821. [PMID: 34575985 PMCID: PMC8465413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) controls virtually all endothelial cell functions and is, therefore, crucial to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. An aberrant elevation in endothelial can indeed lead to severe cardiovascular disorders. Likewise, moderate amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce intracellular Ca2+ signals to regulate vascular functions, while excessive ROS production may exploit dysregulated Ca2+ dynamics to induce endothelial injury. Herein, we survey how ROS induce endothelial Ca2+ signals to regulate vascular functions and, vice versa, how aberrant ROS generation may exploit the Ca2+ handling machinery to promote endothelial dysfunction. ROS elicit endothelial Ca2+ signals by regulating inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2B, two-pore channels, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and multiple isoforms of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. ROS-induced endothelial Ca2+ signals regulate endothelial permeability, angiogenesis, and generation of vasorelaxing mediators and can be exploited to induce therapeutic angiogenesis, rescue neurovascular coupling, and induce cancer regression. However, an increase in endothelial [Ca2+]i induced by aberrant ROS formation may result in endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and pulmonary artery hypertension. This information could pave the way to design alternative treatments to interfere with the life-threatening interconnection between endothelial ROS and Ca2+ signaling under multiple pathological conditions.
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Jia Q, Tian W, Li B, Chen W, Zhang W, Xie Y, Cheng N, Chen Q, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang S. TRPV1 and TRPA1 in melanocytes synergize UV-dependent and UV-independent melanogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4646-4662. [PMID: 34363226 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Melanogenesis is essential for pigmentation, and deregulated melanogenesis causes pigmentary diseases. PUVA therapy (psoralen plus ultraviolet A, UVA) strongly stimulates pigmentation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are elusive. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Melanin content of cultured human melanocytes was spectrophotometrically measured. Patch-clamp recordings were made in human melanocytes or HEK 293 cells transiently expressing wild type or mutant human TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels. Endogenous expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in melanocytes was analyzed by western blotting and was knocked down with siRNA. In vivo pigmentary responses were measured by a colorimeter in mouse ear skin. The expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in human pigmented lesions was examined by immunohistochemical staining. KEY RESULTS PUVA strongly stimulated melanogenesis, and PUVA-induced TRPV1 and TRPA1 channel activation in melanocytes and the resulting Ca2+ influx were required for the stimulated melanogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Agonists-induced TRPV1 and TRPA1 activation alone did not stimulate melanogenesis, but it synergized UVA or intrinsic cAMP and NO signaling pathways to stimulate UV-dependent or UV-independent melanogenesis. Moreover, the expressions of TRPV1 and TRPA1 were increased in human melanocytic lesions, and inhibition of both channels decreased melanin content in melanoma cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS TRPV1 and TRPA1 are key molecular sensors and enhancers of extrinsic and intrinsic melanogenic signals in both physiological and pathological conditions, and activation of both channels in melanocytes contributes to PUVA therapy-induced pigmentation. Our work provides a common mechanism of melanogenic regulation and highlights TRPV1 and TRPA1 as potential therapeutic targets for pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Kukula O, Çiçekli MN, Şafak S, Günaydın C. Role of TRPV1 channels on glycogen synthase kinase-3β and oxidative stress in ouabain-induced bipolar disease. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:338-348. [PMID: 34304690 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1955928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a multifactorial chronic and refractory disease characterized by manic, depressive, and mixed mood episodes. Although epidemiological, and pathophysiological studies demonstrated a strong correlation between bipolar disorder and oxidative stress, precise etiology is still missing. Recent studies suggested the possible role of transient receptor potential channels (TRP) in the BD but, current knowledge is limited. Therefore, the current study investigates the possible role of TRPV1 in the ouabain-induced model of BD. The model was created with intracerebroventricular single dose ouabain (10-3 M) administration. Animals were treated with capsaicin, capsazepine, and lithium for seven days. Mania and depressive-like states were investigated with open-field, sucrose preference, and elevated plus maze tests. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring total antioxidant and oxidant states, spectrophotometrically. The phosphorylation Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) evaluated by western blotting. Our results demonstrated that capsaicin dose-dependently inhibited the ouabain-induced hyperlocomotion and depression. Although capsazepine exacerbated behavioral impairment, it did not show a significant effect on the antioxidant and oxidant states, and the effects of capsazepine on behaviors were abolished by combination with capsaicin. Additionally, capsaicin potently prevented the ouabain-induced decrease in GSK-3β phosphorylation. In contrast, capsazepine potentiated ouabain-induced decrease in GSK-3β phosphorylation and combination with capsaicin, suppressed the effect of capsazepine on GSK-3β phosphorylation. The effects of TRPV1 activation on oxidative stress and mania-like behaviors in the ouabain-induced BD model might be regulated by GSK-3β phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Kukula
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nusret Çiçekli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sinan Şafak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Caner Günaydın
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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31
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de Almeida AS, Bernardes LDB, Trevisan G. TRP channels in cancer pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174185. [PMID: 34015320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common symptom experienced during cancer progression. Additionally, some patients experience bone pain caused by cancer metastasis, which further complicates the prognosis. Cancer pain is often treated using opioid-based pharmacotherapy, but these drugs possess several adverse effects. Accordingly, new mechanisms for cancer pain management are being explored, including transient receptor potential channels (TRPs). TRP ion channels are expressed in several tissues and play a key role in pain detection, especially TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). In the present review, we describe the role of TRPV1 and TRPA1 involved in cancer pain mechanisms. Several studies have revealed that the administration of TRPV1 or TRPA1 agonists/antagonists and TRPV1 or TRPA1 knockdown reduced sensitivity to nociception in cancer pain models. TRPV1 was also found to be involved in various models of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP), with TRPV1 expression reportedly enhanced in some models. These studies have demonstrated the TRPV1 or TRPA1 association with cancer pain in models induced by tumour cell inoculation into the bone cavity, hind paw, mammary fat pad, and sciatic nerve in mice or rats. To date, only resiniferatoxin, a TRPV1 agonist, has been evaluated in clinical trials for cancer pain and showed preliminary positive results. Thus, TRP channels are potential targets for managing cancer-related pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Spring de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura de Barros Bernardes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Nair M, Jagadeeshan S, Katselis G, Luan X, Momeni Z, Henao-Romero N, Chumala P, Tam JS, Yamamoto Y, Ianowski JP, Campanucci VA. Lipopolysaccharides induce a RAGE-mediated sensitization of sensory neurons and fluid hypersecretion in the upper airways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8336. [PMID: 33863932 PMCID: PMC8052339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic dorsal root ganglia (tDRG) contribute to fluid secretion in the upper airways. Inflammation potentiates DRG responses, but the mechanisms remain under investigation. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) underlies potentiation of DRG responses in pain pathologies; however, its role in other sensory modalities is less understood. We hypothesize that RAGE contributes to electrophysiological and biochemical changes in tDRGs during inflammation. We used tDRGs and tracheas from wild types (WT), RAGE knock-out (RAGE-KO), and with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1, and exposed them to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We studied: capsaicin (CAP)-evoked currents and action potentials (AP), tracheal submucosal gland secretion, RAGE expression and downstream pathways. In WT neurons, LPS increased CAP-evoked currents and AP generation, and it caused submucosal gland hypersecretion in tracheas from WT mice exposed to LPS. In contrast, LPS had no effect on tDRG excitability or gland secretion in RAGE-KO mice or mice treated with FPS-ZM1. LPS upregulated full-length RAGE (encoded by Tv1-RAGE) and downregulated a soluble (sRAGE) splice variant (encoded by MmusRAGEv4) in tDRG neurons. These data suggest that sensitization of tDRG neurons contributes to hypersecretion in the upper airways during inflammation. And at least two RAGE variants may be involved in these effects of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nair
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Santosh Jagadeeshan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - George Katselis
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xiaojie Luan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Zeinab Momeni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Henao-Romero
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Paulos Chumala
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Julian S Tam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Juan P Ianowski
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Verónica A Campanucci
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Abstract
Of all the oral sensations that are experienced, "metallic" is one that is rarely reported in healthy participants. So why, then, do chemotherapy patients so frequently report that "metallic" sensations overpower and interfere with their enjoyment of food and drink? This side-effect of chemotherapy-often referred to (e.g., by patients) as "metal mouth"-can adversely affect their appetite, resulting in weight loss, which potentially endangers (or at the very least slows) their recovery. The etiology of "metal mouth" is poorly understood, and current management strategies are largely unevidenced. As a result, patients continue to suffer as a result of this poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we provide our perspective on the issue, outlining the evidence for a range of possible etiologies, and highlighting key research questions. We explore the evidence for "metallic" as a putative taste, and whether "metal mouth" might therefore be a form of phantageusia, perhaps similar to already-described "release-of-inhibition" phenomena. We comment on the possibility that "metal mouth" may simply be a direct effect of chemotherapy drugs. We present the novel theory that "metal mouth" may be linked to chemotherapy-induced sensitization of TRPV1. Finally, we discuss the evidence for retronasal olfaction of lipid oxidation products in the etiology of "metal mouth." This article seeks principally to guide much-needed future research which will hopefully one day provide a basis for the development of novel supportive therapies for future generations of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J M Reith
- Oxford Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, UK
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Gating of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 by UVA-light and oxidants are mediated by distinct mechanisms. Cell Calcium 2021; 96:102391. [PMID: 33752082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox-sensitivity is a common property of several transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Oxidants and UVA-light activate TRPV2 by oxidizing methionine pore residues which are conserved in the capsaicin-receptor TRPV1. However, the redox-sensitivity of TRPV1 is regarded to depend on intracellular cysteine residues. In this study we examined if TRPV1 is gated by UVA-light, and if the conserved methionine residues are relevant for redox-sensitivity of TRPV1. Patch clamp recordings were performed to explore wildtype (WT) and mutants of human TRPV1 (hTRPV1). UVA-light induced hTRPV1-mediated membrane currents and potentiated both proton- and heat-evoked currents. The reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) prevented and partially reversed UVA-light induced sensitization of hTRPV1. UVA-light induced sensitization was reduced in the mutant hTRPV1-C158A/C387S/C767S (hTRPV1-3C). The remaining sensitivity to UVA-light of hTRRPV1-3C was not further reduced upon exchange of the methionine residues M568 and M645. While UVA-induced sensitization was reduced in the protein kinase C-insensitive mutant hTRPV1-S502A/S801A, the PKC-inhibitors chelerythrine chloride, staurosporine and Gö6976 did not reduce UVA-induced effects on hTRPV1-WT. While hTRPV1-3C was insensitive to the cysteine-selective oxidant diamide, it displayed a residual sensitivity to H2O2 and chloramine-T. However, the exchange of M568 and M645 in hTRPV1-3C did not further reduce these effects. Our data demonstrate that oxidants and UVA-light gate hTRPV1 by cysteine-dependent as well as cysteine-independent mechanisms. In contrast to TRPV2, the methionine residues 568 and 645 seem to be of limited relevance for redox-sensitivity of hTRPV1. Finally, UVA-light induced gating of hTRPV1 does not seem to require activation of protein kinase C.
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Structural basis for promiscuous action of monoterpenes on TRP channels. Commun Biol 2021; 4:293. [PMID: 33674682 PMCID: PMC7935860 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes are major constituents of plant-derived essential oils and have long been widely used for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. The monoterpenes menthol and camphor are agonists or antagonists for several TRP channels such as TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPA1. However, which regions within TRPV1 and TRPV3 confer sensitivity to monoterpenes or other synthesized chemicals such as 2-APB are unclear. In this study we identified conserved arginine and glycine residues in the linker between S4 and S5 that are related to the action of these chemicals and validated these findings in molecular dynamics simulations. The involvement of these amino acids differed between TRPV3 and TRPV1 for chemical-induced and heat-evoked activation. These findings provide the basis for characterization of physiological function and biophysical properties of ion channels.
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Zhang D, Yang B, Chang SQ, Ma SS, Sun JX, Yi L, Li X, Shi HM, Jing B, Zheng YC, Zhang CL, Chen FG, Zhao GP. Protective effect of paeoniflorin on H 2O 2 induced Schwann cells injury based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:90-99. [PMID: 33641788 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin (PF) on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury. Firstly, "SMILES" of PF was searched in Pubchem and further was used for reverse molecular docking in Swiss Target Prediction database to obtain potential targets. Injury-related molecules were obtained from GeenCards database, and the predicted targets of PF for injury treatment were selected by Wayne diagram. For mechanism analysis, the protein-protein interactions were constructed by String, and the KEGG analysis was conducted in Webgestalt. Then, cell viability and cytotoxicity assay were established by CCK8 assay. Also, the experimental cells were allocated to control, model (200 μmol·L-1 H2O2), SB203580 10 μmol·L-1 (200 μmol·L-1 H2O2+ SB203580 10 μmol·L-1), PF 50 μmol·L-1 (200 μmol·L-1 H2O2+ PF 50 μmol·L-1), and PF 100 μmol·L-1 (200 μmol·L-1 H2O2+ PF 100 μmol·L-1) groups. We measured the intracellular ROS, Hoechst 33258 staining, cell apoptosis, the levels of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Cleaved-caspase3, Cleaved-caspase7, TRPA1, TRPV1, and the phosphorylation expression of p38MAPK. There are 96 potential targets that may be associated with PF for injury treatment. Then, we chose the "Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels" pathway for the experimental verification from the first 10 KEGG pathway. In experimental verification, H2O2 decreased the cell viability moderately (P < 0.05), and 100 μmol·L -1 PF increased the cell viability significantly (P < 0.05). Depending on the difference of intracellular ROS fluorescence intensity, PF inhibited H 2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production in Schwann cells. In Hoechst 33258 staining, PF reversed the condensed chromatin and apoptotic nuclei following H2O2 treatment. Moreover, Flow cytometry results showed that PF could substantially inhibit H2O2 induced apoptosis (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with PF obviously reduced the levels of Caspase3, Cleaved-caspase3, Cleaved-caspase7, TRPA1, TRPV1, and the phosphorylation expression of p38MAPK after H 2O2 treatment (P < 0.05), increased the levels of Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl ( P < 0.05). PF inhibited Schwann cell injury and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide, which mechanism was linked to the inhibition of phosphorylation of p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shi-Quan Chang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sheng-Suo Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jian-Xin Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui-Mei Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Bei Jing
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ya-Chun Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chun-Lan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Feng-Guo Chen
- LiWan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Piegang BN, Ndjateu FST, Tene M, Bomba FDT, Tseuguem PP, Nguelefack TB. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Boerhavia coccinea extracts and fractions on acute and persistent inflammatory pain models. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2020-0118/jbcpp-2020-0118.xml. [PMID: 33161387 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Boerhavia coccinea (Nyctaginaceae) is an herbaceous plant used for the treatment of pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous (AEBC) and ethanol (EEBC) extracts of Boerhavia coccinea as well as the major fractions (F1, F2 and F3) from EEBC. Methods The antinociceptive effect of the extracts and fractions was evaluated using formalin test. AEBC, EEBC and F1 were selected and further evaluated acutely (24 h) and chronically (16 days) in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced persistent inflammatory pain for their antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. They were administered orally (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) from 48 h following the intraplantar injection of 100 µL of CFA. After the 16 days of chronic treatment, rats' spinal cord and brain were collected for the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters namely nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Results AEBC, EEBC and F1 significantly inhibited the first and second phases of the formalin-induced pain. They significantly reduced the hyperalgesia both in acute and chronic treatments. These extracts showed no acute anti-inflammatory effect. AEBC and EEBC exhibited anti-inflammatory activities after repeated administration. AEBC, EEBC and F1 significantly reduced MDA level and significantly increased SOD and catalase activities, mainly in the spinal cord. AEBC and EEBC also reduced the NO production in the spinal cord. Conclusions Boerhavia coccinea extracts and F1 possess potent antinociceptive activity which is not related to their anti-inflammatory properties. Their antioxidant effects may contribute to these activities in chronic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Nganmegne Piegang
- Laboratory of animal physiology and phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
- and Institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée (IUG), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Appliquées (ISA), Douala, Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Sterlin Tchantchou Ndjateu
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mathieu Tene
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francis Désiré Tatsinkou Bomba
- Laboratory of animal physiology and phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pius Pum Tseuguem
- Laboratory of animal physiology and phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Télesphore Benoit Nguelefack
- Laboratory of animal physiology and phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
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Asally R, Markham R, Manconi F. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H association with endometriosis and possible role in inflammation and pain. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2284026520940518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus and affects approximately 10%–15% of women in their reproductive years. Pain is one of the predominant symptoms of the disease. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and develops when there is an imbalance between the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species production, and the elimination capacity of antioxidants in the reproductive tract. High levels of reactive oxygen species can induce pain indirectly through oxidative stress-associated inflammation or directly through sensitising the nociceptive neurons that transmit the signals to the cerebral sensory cortex which are perceived as a feeling of pain. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species, which generate through oxidative phosphorylation. Given that the mitochondria are involved in reactive oxygen species formation and energy production, which are required for the activation and proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes, it has been suggested that mitochondrial DNA variants are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study has provided a better understanding of maternally inherited risk factors which contribute to the pain mechanisms associated with endometriosis. Results: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H was found to be significantly higher in women with endometriosis. This study was the first to report the association between the European mitochondrial haplogroup H and the risk of pain associated with endometriosis. Discussion: The results suggest that there are maternally inherited risk factors in women with endometriosis causing high reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress, which facilitate pain generation in women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Asally
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Saudi Arabian Ministry of Higher Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Markham
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank Manconi
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Babes A, Kichko TI, Selescu T, Manolache A, Neacsu C, Gebhardt L, Reeh PW. Psoralens activate and photosensitize Transient Receptor Potential channels Ankyrin type 1 (TRPA1) and Vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1). Eur J Pain 2020; 25:122-135. [PMID: 32862473 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PUVA (psoralen UVA) therapy is used to treat a variety of skin conditions, such as vitiligo psoriasis, eczema and mycosis fungoides, but it is frequently accompanied by phototoxicity leading to burning pain, itch and erythema. METHODS We used a combination of calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) imaging, patch clamp and neuropeptide release measurement to investigate whether certain ion channels involved in pain and itch signalling could be responsible for these adverese effects of PUVA. RESULTS Clinically used psoralen derivatives 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and 5-methoxypsoralen at physiologically relevant concentrations were able to activate and photosensitize two recombinant thermoTRP (temperature-gated Transient Receptor Potential) ion channels, TRPA1 (Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin type 1) and TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type 1). 8-MOP enhanced ROS production by UVA light, and the effect of 8-MOP on TRPA1 could be abolished by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and by removal of critical cysteine residues from the N-terminus domain of the channel. Natively expressed mouse TRPA1 and TRPV1 both contribute to photosensitization of cultured primary afferent neurons by 8-MOP, while direct neuronal activation by this psoralen-derivative is mainly dependent on TRPV1. Both TRPA1 and TRPV1 are to a large extent involved in controlling 8-MOP-induced neuropeptide release from mouse trachea. CONCLUSIONS Taken together our results provide a better understanding of the phototoxicity reported by PUVA patients and indicate a possible therapeutic approach to alleviate the adverse effects associated with this therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Our work provides evidence for the involvement of thermoTRP channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 in the activation and photosensitization of peripheral nociceptors during PUVA (Psoralen UVA) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Babes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tatjana I Kichko
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tudor Selescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Manolache
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Neacsu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lisa Gebhardt
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Aroke EN, Powell-Roach KL, Jaime-Lara RB, Tesfaye M, Roy A, Jackson P, Joseph PV. Taste the Pain: The Role of TRP Channels in Pain and Taste Perception. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5929. [PMID: 32824721 PMCID: PMC7460556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of cation transmembrane proteins that are expressed in many tissues and respond to many sensory stimuli. TRP channels play a role in sensory signaling for taste, thermosensation, mechanosensation, and nociception. Activation of TRP channels (e.g., TRPM5) in taste receptors by food/chemicals (e.g., capsaicin) is essential in the acquisition of nutrients, which fuel metabolism, growth, and development. Pain signals from these nociceptors are essential for harm avoidance. Dysfunctional TRP channels have been associated with neuropathic pain, inflammation, and reduced ability to detect taste stimuli. Humans have long recognized the relationship between taste and pain. However, the mechanisms and relationship among these taste-pain sensorial experiences are not fully understood. This article provides a narrative review of literature examining the role of TRP channels on taste and pain perception. Genomic variability in the TRPV1 gene has been associated with alterations in various pain conditions. Moreover, polymorphisms of the TRPV1 gene have been associated with alterations in salty taste sensitivity and salt preference. Studies of genetic variations in TRP genes or modulation of TRP pathways may increase our understanding of the shared biological mediators of pain and taste, leading to therapeutic interventions to treat many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin N. Aroke
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.N.A.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Rosario B. Jaime-Lara
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.B.J.-L.); (M.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.B.J.-L.); (M.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Abhrabrup Roy
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.B.J.-L.); (M.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Pamela Jackson
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (E.N.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- Sensory Science and Metabolism Unit (SenSMet), National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.B.J.-L.); (M.T.); (A.R.)
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Brier MI, Mundell JW, Yu X, Su L, Holmann A, Squeri J, Zhang B, Stanley SA, Friedman JM, Dordick JS. Uncovering a possible role of reactive oxygen species in magnetogenetics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13096. [PMID: 32753716 PMCID: PMC7403421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown that intracellular, (super)paramagnetic ferritin nanoparticles can gate TRPV1, a non-selective cation channel, in a magnetic field. Here, we report the effects of differing field strength and frequency as well as chemical inhibitors on channel gating using a Ca2+-sensitive promoter to express a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter. Exposure of TRPV1-ferritin-expressing HEK-293T cells at 30 °C to an alternating magnetic field of 501 kHz and 27.1 mT significantly increased SEAP secretion by ~ 82% relative to control cells, with lesser effects at other field strengths and frequencies. Between 30-32 °C, SEAP production was strongly potentiated 3.3-fold by the addition of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. This potentiation was eliminated by the competitive antagonist AMG-21629, the NADPH oxidase assembly inhibitor apocynin, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that ROS contributes to magnetogenetic TRPV1 activation. These results provide a rational basis to address the heretofore unknown mechanism of magnetogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Brier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jordan W Mundell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lichao Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing, College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jian Gan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Alexander Holmann
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jessica Squeri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Baolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nonferrous Metals and Specific Materials Processing, College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jian Gan Road 12, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Abstract
A limited number of peripheral targets generate pain. Inflammatory mediators can sensitize these. The review addresses targets acting exclusively or predominantly on sensory neurons, mediators involved in inflammation targeting sensory neurons, and mediators involved in a more general inflammatory process, of which an analgesic effect secondary to an anti-inflammatory effect can be expected. Different approaches to address these systems are discussed, including scavenging proinflammatory mediators, applying anti-inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting proinflammatory or facilitating anti-inflammatory receptors. New approaches are contrasted to established ones; the current stage of progress is mentioned, in particular considering whether there is data from a molecular and cellular level, from animals, or from human trials, including an early stage after a market release. An overview of publication activity is presented, considering a IuPhar/BPS-curated list of targets with restriction to pain-related publications, which was also used to identify topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin I Ciotu
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Chung CL, Lin YS, Chan NJ, Chen YY, Hsu CC. Hypersensitivity of Airway Reflexes Induced by Hydrogen Sulfide: Role of TRPA1 Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113929. [PMID: 32486252 PMCID: PMC7312894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of capsaicin-sensitive lung vagal (CSLV) afferents can elicit airway reflexes. Hypersensitivity of these afferents is known to contribute to the airway hypersensitivity during airway inflammation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent for airway hypersensitivity diseases, such as asthma, because of its relaxing effect on airway smooth muscle and anti-inflammatory effect. However, it is still unknown whether H2S affects airway reflexes. Our previous study demonstrated that exogenous application of H2S sensitized CSLV afferents and enhanced Ca2+ transients in CSLV neurons. The present study aimed to determine whether the H2S-induced sensitization leads to functional changes in airway reflexes and elevates the electrical excitability of the CSLV neurons. Our results showed that, first and foremost, in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats, the inhalation of aerosolized sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S; 5 mg/mL, 3 min) caused an enhancement in apneic response evoked by several stimulants of the CSLV afferents. This enhancement effect was found 5 min after NaHS inhalation and returned to control 30 min later. However, NaHS no longer enhanced the apneic response after perineural capsaicin treatment on both cervical vagi that blocked the conduction of CSLV fibers. Furthermore, the enhancing effect of NaHS on apneic response was totally abolished by pretreatment with intravenous HC-030031 (a TRPA1 antagonist; 8 mg/kg), whereas the potentiating effect was not affected by the pretreatment with the vehicle of HC-030031. We also found that intracerebroventricular infusion pretreated with HC-030031 failed to alter the potentiating effect of NaHS on the apneic response. Besides, the cough reflex elicited by capsaicin aerosol was enhanced by inhalation of NaHS in conscious guinea pigs. Nevertheless, this effect was entirely eliminated by pretreatment with HC-030031, not by its vehicle. Last but not least, voltage-clamp electrophysiological analysis of isolated rat CSLV neurons showed a similar pattern of potentiating effects of NaHS on capsaicin-induced inward current, and the involvement of TRPA1 receptors was also distinctly shown. In conclusion, these results suggest that H2S non-specifically enhances the airway reflex responses, at least in part, through action on the TRPA1 receptors expressed on the CSLV afferents. Therefore, H2S should be used with caution when applying for therapeutic purposes in airway hypersensitivity diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Li Chung
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - You Shuei Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Nai-Ju Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Yueh-Yin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chun-Chun Hsu
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (N.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Chu Y, Cohen BE, Chuang HH. A single TRPV1 amino acid controls species sensitivity to capsaicin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8038. [PMID: 32415171 PMCID: PMC7229161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers produce capsaicin (a vanilloid) that activates the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) on sensory neurons to alter their membrane potential and induce pain. To identify residues responsible for differential TRPV1 capsaicin sensitivity among species, we used intracellular Ca2+ imaging to characterize chimeras composed of capsaicin-sensitive rat TRPV1 (rTRPV1) and capsaicin-insensitive chicken TRPV1 (cTRPV1) exposed to a series of capsaicinoids. We found that chimeras containing rat E570-V686 swapped into chicken receptors displayed capsaicin sensitivity, and that simply changing the alanine at position 578 in the S4-S5 helix of the chicken receptor to a glutamic acid was sufficient to endow it with capsaicin sensitivity in the micromolar range. Moreover, introduction of lysine, glutamine or proline at residue A578 also elicited capsaicin sensitivity in cTRPV1. Similarly, replacing corresponding rTRPV1 residue E570 with lysine or glutamine retained capsaicin sensitivity. The hydrophilic capsaicin analog Cap-EA activated a cTRPV1-A578E mutant, suggesting that A578 may participate in vanilloid binding. The hydrophilic vanilloid agonist zingerone did not activate any A578 mutants with capsaicin sensitivity, suggesting that the vanilloid group alone is not sufficient for receptor activation. Our study demonstrates that a subtle modification of TRPV1 in different species globally alters capsaicin responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Huai-Hu Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Becker AK, Auditore A, Pischetsrieder M, Messlinger K, Fleming T, Reeh PW, Sauer SK. Reactive dicarbonyl compounds cause Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide release and synergize with inflammatory conditions in mouse skin and peritoneum. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6330-6343. [PMID: 32198181 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasmas of diabetic or uremic patients and of those receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment have increased levels of the glucose-derived dicarbonyl metabolites like methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG). The elevated dicarbonyl levels can contribute to the development of painful neuropathies. Here, we used stimulated immunoreactive Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (iCGRP) release as a measure of nociceptor activation, and we found that each dicarbonyl metabolite induces a concentration-, TRPA1-, and Ca2+-dependent iCGRP release. MGO, GO, and 3-DG were about equally potent in the millimolar range. We hypothesized that another dicarbonyl, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), which is present in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions after heat sterilization, activates nociceptors. We also showed that at body temperatures 3,4-DGE is formed from 3-DG and that concentrations of 3,4-DGE in the micromolar range effectively induced iCGRP release from isolated murine skin. In a novel preparation of the isolated parietal peritoneum PD fluid or 3,4-DGE alone, at concentrations found in PD solutions, stimulated iCGRP release. We also tested whether inflammatory tissue conditions synergize with dicarbonyls to induce iCGRP release from isolated skin. Application of MGO together with bradykinin or prostaglandin E2 resulted in an overadditive effect on iCGRP release, whereas MGO applied at a pH of 5.2 resulted in reduced release, probably due to an MGO-mediated inhibition of transient receptor potential (TRP) V1 receptors. These results indicate that several reactive dicarbonyls activate nociceptors and potentiate inflammatory mediators. Our findings underline the roles of dicarbonyls and TRPA1 receptors in causing pain during diabetes or renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Becker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Auditore
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Sauer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Raghuwanshi S, Dahariya S, Sharma DS, Kovuru N, Sahu I, Gutti RK. RUNX1 and TGF‐β signaling cross talk regulates Ca2+ion channels expression and activity during megakaryocyte development. FEBS J 2020; 287:5411-5438. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Raghuwanshi
- Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
| | - Swati Dahariya
- Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
| | - Durga Shankar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
| | - Narasaiah Kovuru
- Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
| | - Itishri Sahu
- Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad India
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Tanaka M, Hayakawa K, Ogawa N, Kurokawa T, Kitanishi K, Ite K, Matsui T, Mori Y, Unno M. Structure determination of the human TRPV1 ankyrin-repeat domain under nonreducing conditions. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 76:130-137. [PMID: 32133998 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20001533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
TRPV1, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels family, has been found to be involved in redox sensing. The crystal structure of the human TRPV1 ankyrin-repeat domain (TRPV1-ARD) was determined at 4.5 Å resolution under nonreducing conditions. This is the first report of the crystal structure of a ligand-free form of TRPV1-ARD and in particular of the human homologue. The structure showed a unique conformation in finger loop 3 near Cys258, which is most likely to be involved in inter-subunit disulfide-bond formation. Also, in human TRPV1-ARD it was possible for solvent to access Cys258. This structural feature might be related to the high sensitivity of human TRPV1 to oxidants. ESI-MS revealed that Cys258 did not form an S-OH functionality even under nonreducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Kaori Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kitanishi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Ite
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Matsui
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Unno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
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48
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Liu TY, Chu Y, Mei HR, Chang D, Chuang HH. Two Vanilloid Ligand Bindings Per Channel Are Required to Transduce Capsaicin-Activating Stimuli. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 12:302. [PMID: 31998070 PMCID: PMC6962233 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetrameric capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in mammals has evolved the capability to integrate pain signal arising from harmful temperature and chemical irritants. The four repetitions of TRPV1 subunits result in an ion channel with excellent pain sensitivity, allowing this ionotropic receptor to differentiate graded injuries. We manipulated the stoichiometry and relative steric coordination of capsaicin-bound structures at the molecular level to determine the rules by which the receptor codes pain across a broad range of intensities. By introducing capsaicin-insensitive S512F mutant subunits into the TRPV1 channel, we found that binding of the first ligand results in low but clear channel activation. Maximal agonist-induced activation is already apparent in tetramers harboring two or three wild-type TRPV1 subunits, which display comparable activity to wild-type tetramer. The non-vanilloid agonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) differs from that of capsaicin in the TRPV1 channel opening mechanism activating all S512F-mutated TRPV1 channels. Two or more wild-type TRPV1 subunits are also required for full anandamide-induced channel activation, a cannabinoid that shares overlapping binding-pocket to capsaicin. Our results demonstrate that the stoichiometry of TRPV1 activation is conserved for two types of agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Chu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ruei Mei
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hu Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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49
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Jansen C, Shimoda L, Kawakami J, Ang L, Bacani A, Baker J, Badowski C, Speck M, Stokes A, Small-Howard A, Turner H. Myrcene and terpene regulation of TRPV1. Channels (Austin) 2019; 13:344-366. [PMID: 31446830 PMCID: PMC6768052 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1654347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive Transient Receptor Potential channels such as TRPV1 are targets for treating pain. Both antagonism and agonism of TRP channels can promote analgesia, through inactivation and chronic desensitization. Since plant-derived mixtures of cannabinoids and the Cannabis component myrcene have been suggested as pain therapeutics, we screened terpenes found in Cannabis for activity at TRPV1. We used inducible expression of TRPV1 to examine TRPV1-dependency of terpene-induced calcium flux responses. Terpenes contribute differentially to calcium fluxes via TRPV1 induced by Cannabis-mimetic cannabinoid/terpenoid mixtures. Myrcene dominates the TRPV1-mediated calcium responses seen with terpenoid mixtures. Myrcene-induced calcium influx is inhibited by the TRPV1 inhibitor capsazepine and Myrcene elicits TRPV1 currents in the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. TRPV1 currents are highly sensitive to internal calcium. When Myrcene currents are evoked, they are distinct from capsaicin responses on the basis of Imax and their lack of shift to a pore-dilated state. Myrcene pre-application and residency at TRPV1 appears to negatively impact subsequent responses to TRPV1 ligands such as Cannabidiol, indicating allosteric modulation and possible competition by Myrcene. Molecular docking studies suggest a non-covalent interaction site for Myrcene in TRPV1 and identifies key residues that form partially overlapping Myrcene and Cannabidiol binding sites. We identify several non-Cannabis plant-derived sources of Myrcene and other compounds targeting nociceptive TRPs using a data mining approach focused on analgesics suggested by non-Western Traditional Medical Systems. These data establish TRPV1 as a target of Myrcene and suggest the therapeutic potential of analgesic formulations containing Myrcene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Jansen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L.M.N Shimoda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - J.K. Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L. Ang
- Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A.J. Bacani
- Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - J.D. Baker
- Department of Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - C. Badowski
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - M. Speck
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A.J. Stokes
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - H Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
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50
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Oxidation of methionine residues activates the high-threshold heat-sensitive ion channel TRPV2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24359-24365. [PMID: 31719194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904332116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels detect changes in ambient temperature to regulate body temperature and temperature-dependent cellular activity. Rodent orthologs of TRP vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) are activated by nonphysiological heat exceeding 50 °C, and human TRPV2 is heat-insensitive. TRPV2 is required for phagocytic activity of macrophages which are rarely exposed to excessive heat, but what activates TRPV2 in vivo remains elusive. Here we describe the molecular mechanism of an oxidation-induced temperature-dependent gating of TRPV2. While high concentrations of H2O2 induce a modest sensitization of heat-induced inward currents, the oxidant chloramine-T (ChT), ultraviolet A light, and photosensitizing agents producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate and sensitize TRPV2. This oxidation-induced activation also occurs in excised inside-out membrane patches, indicating a direct effect on TRPV2. The reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) in combination with methionine sulfoxide reductase partially reverses ChT-induced sensitization, and the substitution of the methionine (M) residues M528 and M607 to isoleucine almost abolishes oxidation-induced gating of rat TRPV2. Mass spectrometry on purified rat TRPV2 protein confirms oxidation of these residues. Finally, macrophages generate TRPV2-like heat-induced inward currents upon oxidation and exhibit reduced phagocytosis when exposed to the TRP channel inhibitor ruthenium red (RR) or to DTT. In summary, our data reveal a methionine-dependent redox sensitivity of TRPV2 which may be an important endogenous mechanism for regulation of TRPV2 activity and account for its pivotal role for phagocytosis in macrophages.
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