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Contini L, Paul A, Mazzei L, Ciurli S, Roncarati D, Braga D, Grepioni F. Is bismuth(III) able to inhibit the activity of urease? Puzzling results in the quest for soluble urease complexes for agrochemical and medicinal applications. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10553-10562. [PMID: 38847020 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00778f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Bismuth(III) complexes have been reported to act as inhibitors of the enzyme urease, ubiquitously present in soils and implicated in the pathogenesis of several microorganisms. The general insolubility of Bi(III) complexes in water at neutral pH, however, is an obstacle to their utilization. In our quest to improve the solubility of Bi(III) complexes, we selected a compound reported to inhibit urease, namely [Bi(HEDTA)]·2H2O, and co-crystallized it with (i) racemic DL-histidine to obtain the conglomerate [Bi2(HEDTA)2(μ-D-His)2]·6H2O + [Bi2(HEDTA)2(μ-L-His)2]·6H2O, (ii) enantiopure L-histidine to yield [Bi2(HEDTA)2(μ-L-His)2]·6H2O, and (iii) cytosine to obtain [Bi(HEDTA)]·Cyt·2H2O. All compounds, synthesised by mechanochemical methods and by slurry, were characterized in the solid state by calorimetric (DSC and TGA) and spectroscopic (IR) methods, and their structures were determined using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data. All compounds show an appreciable solubility in water, with values ranging from 6.8 mg mL-1 for the starting compound [Bi(HEDTA)]·2H2O to 36 mg mL-1 for [Bi2(HEDTA)2(μ-L-His)2]·6H2O. The three synthesized compounds as well as [Bi(HEDTA)]·2H2O were then tested for inhibition activity against urease. Surprisingly, no enzymatic inhibition was observed during in vitro assays using Canavalia ensiformis urease and in vivo assays using cultures of Helicobacter pylori, raising questions on the efficacy of Bi(III) compounds to counteract the negative effects of urease activity in the agro-environment and in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Contini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Arundhati Paul
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, Bologna I-40127, Italy.
| | - Luca Mazzei
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, Bologna I-40127, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, Bologna I-40127, Italy.
| | - Davide Roncarati
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dario Braga
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Cheesman AW, Brown F, Farha MN, Rosan TM, Folberth GA, Hayes F, Moura BB, Paoletti E, Hoshika Y, Osborne CP, Cernusak LA, Ribeiro RV, Sitch S. Impacts of ground-level ozone on sugarcane production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166817. [PMID: 37673248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a vital commodity crop often grown in (sub)tropical regions which have been experiencing a recent deterioration in air quality. Unlike for other commodity crops, the risk of air pollution, specifically ozone (O3), to this C4 crop has not yet been quantified. Yet, recent work has highlighted both the potential risks of O3 to C4 bioenergy crops, and the emergence of O3 exposure across the tropics as a vital factor determining global food security. Given the large extent, and planned expansion of sugarcane production in places like Brazil to meet global demand for biofuels, there is a pressing need to characterize the risk of O3 to the industry. In this study, we sought to a) derive sugarcane O3 dose-response functions across a range of realistic O3 exposure and b) model the implications of this across a globally important production area. We found a significant impact of O3 on biomass allocation (especially to leaves) and production across a range of sugarcane genotypes, including two commercially relevant varieties (e.g. CTC4, Q240). Using these data, we calculated dose-response functions for sugarcane and combined them with hourly O3 exposure across south-central Brazil derived from the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) to simulate the current regional impact of O3 on sugarcane production using a dynamic global vegetation model (JULES vn 5.6). We found that between 5.6 % and 18.3 % of total crop productivity is likely lost across the region due to the direct impacts of current O3 exposure. However, impacts depended critically on the substantial differences in O3 susceptibility observed among sugarcane genotypes and how these were implemented in the model. Our work highlights not only the urgent need to fully elucidate the impacts of O3 in this important bioenergetic crop, but the potential implications air quality may have upon tropical food production more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Flossie Brown
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mst Nahid Farha
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; Department of Chemistry, Rajshahi University of Engineering &Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
| | - Thais M Rosan
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Barbara B Moura
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050 Potenza, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructures System (ITINERIS), Tito Scalo, 85050 Potenza, Italy
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science & Engineering and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rafael V Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Crop Physiology (LCroP), Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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3
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Rapid Sampling Protocol of Isoprene Emission Rate of Palm (Arecaceae) Species Using Excised Leaves. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The high isoprene emission capacity of palm species can decrease regional air quality and enhance the greenhouse effect when land is converted to palm plantations. Propagation of low-emitting individuals can be a strategy for reducing isoprene emission from palms. However, the identification of low-emitting individuals requires large-scale sampling. Thus, we aimed to develop a rapid method in which the isoprene emission rate of leaf segments is observed. We examined the temperature response and effect of incubation length on the isoprene emission rate of palm leaf and found that leaf temperatures at 25 to 30 °C and an incubation length of 40 min are suitable parameters. To further examine the validity of the method, we applied both the enclosure method and this method to the same sections of leaves. High coefficient of determinations (0.993 and 0.982) between the results of the two methods were detected regardless of seasonal temperature. This result proves that the method is capable of measuring the isoprene emission rate under any growth conditions if the incubation temperature is controlled. By using a water bath tank and a tested light source, we can simply implement a unified environmental control of multiple samples at once, which achieves a higher time efficiency than conventional enclosure measurements.
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Ji J, Yu Y, Cao S, Huang H. Enhanced activity and water tolerance promoted by Ce on MnO/ZSM-5 for ozone decomposition. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130664. [PMID: 34162073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic decomposition is a promising way to eliminate ozone using manganese oxides. However, water-induced deactivation of the catalysts remains a challenge for further application. In this work, a series of Ce-promoted MnO supported on ZSM-5 (Mn-xCe/ZSM-5) were developed for ozone decomposition, which exhibited superior catalytic performance. The catalysts were characterized by multiple techniques. It is indicated that MnO was highly dispersed on ZSM-5 (Mn/ZSM-5), accounting for the high performance of ozone decomposition. Addition of Ce in Mn/ZSM-5 formed abundant redox pairs that promoted electron transfer, and thus exhibited superior ozone decomposition activity. Mn-3Ce/ZSM-5 with medium Ce loading showed the maximum activity by exposing the most active sites. Furthermore, Mn-3Ce/ZSM-5 was highly water-resistant in comparison with Mn/ZSM-5 by modulating the surface acidic property to be beneficial for the water desorption. This work provides an efficient and facile way to fabricate Ce-promoted Mn with low valence for effective and stable decomposition of ozone at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China.
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China; Guangdong Indoor Air Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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5
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Drewer J, Leduning MM, Purser G, Cash JM, Sentian J, Skiba UM. Monoterpenes from tropical forest and oil palm plantation floor in Malaysian Borneo/Sabah: emission and composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31792-31802. [PMID: 33611733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Regional estimates of VOC fluxes focus largely on emissions from the canopy and omit potential contributions from the forest floor including soil, litter and understorey vegetation. Here, we measured monoterpene emissions every 2 months over 2 years from logged tropical forest and oil palm plantation floor in Malaysian Borneo using static flux chambers. The main emitted monoterpenes were α-pinene, β-pinene and d-limonene. The amount of litter present was the strongest indicator for higher monoterpene fluxes. Mean α-pinene fluxes were around 2.5-3.5 μg C m-2 h-1 from the forest floor with occasional fluxes exceeding 100 μg C m-2 h-1. Fluxes from the oil palm plantation, where hardly any litter was present, were lower (on average 0.5-2.9 μg C m-2 h-1) and only higher when litter was present. All other measured monoterpenes were emitted at lower rates. No seasonal trends could be identified for all monoterpenes and mean fluxes from both forest and plantation floor were ~ 100 times smaller than canopy emission rates reported in the literature. Occasional spikes of higher emissions from the forest floor, however, warrant further investigation in terms of underlying processes and their contribution to regional scale atmospheric fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Drewer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Melissa M Leduning
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 84400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Gemma Purser
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - James M Cash
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Justin Sentian
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 84400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Ute M Skiba
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
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Paoletti E, Hoshika Y, Arab L, Martini S, Cotrozzi L, Weber D, Ache P, Neri L, Baraldi R, Pellegrini E, Müller HM, Hedrich R, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Date palm responses to a chronic, realistic ozone exposure in a FACE experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110868. [PMID: 33581095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Date palms are highly economically important species in hot arid regions, which may suffer ozone (O3) pollution equivalently to heat and water stress. However, little is known about date palm sensitivity to O3. Therefore, to identify their resistance mechanisms against elevated O3, physiological parameters (leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf pigments) and biomass growth responses to realistic O3 exposure were tested in an isoprene-emitting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Nabut Saif) by a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) facility with three levels of O3 (ambient [AA, 45 ppb as 24-h average], 1.5 x AA and 2 x AA). We found a reduction of photosynthesis only at 2 x AA although some foliar traits known as early indicators of O3 stress responded already at 1.5 x AA, such as increased dark respiration, reduced leaf pigment content, reduced maximum quantum yield of PSII, inactivation of the oxygen evolving complex of PSII and reduced performance index PITOT. As a result, O3 did not affect most of the growth parameters although significant declines of root biomass occurred only at 2 x AA. The major mechanism in date palm for reducing the severity of O3 impacts was a restriction of stomatal O3 uptake due to low stomatal conductance and O3-induced stomatal closure. In addition, an increased respiration in elevated O3 may indicate an enhanced capacity of catabolizing metabolites for detoxification and repair. Interestingly, date palm produced low amounts of monoterpenes, whose emission was stimulated in 2 x AA, although isoprene emission declined at both 1.5 and 2 x AA. Our results warrant more research on a biological significance of terpenoids in plant resistance against O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paoletti
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy.
| | - Leila Arab
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sofia Martini
- IRET-CNR, Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel Weber
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Phytoprove Pflanzenanalytik, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, 60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Neri
- IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Baraldi
- IBE-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Heike M Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany; King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715, Chongqing, PR China
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7
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Sun ZB, Si YN, Zhao SN, Wang QY, Zang SQ. Ozone Decomposition by a Manganese-Organic Framework over the Entire Humidity Range. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5150-5157. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bing Sun
- Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Nan Si
- Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shu-Na Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian-You Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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8
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Meijaard E, Brooks TM, Carlson KM, Slade EM, Garcia-Ulloa J, Gaveau DLA, Lee JSH, Santika T, Juffe-Bignoli D, Struebig MJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Koh LP, Zamira N, Abrams JF, Prins HHT, Sendashonga CN, Murdiyarso D, Furumo PR, Macfarlane N, Hoffmann R, Persio M, Descals A, Szantoi Z, Sheil D. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1418-1426. [PMID: 33299148 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils and, in particular, palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs. Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed and fuel (210 Mt), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (approximately 425 Mha) due to oil palm's relatively high yields. Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation. Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from an estimated 3% in West Africa to 50% in Malaysian Borneo. Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia. Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors. Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050. Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation and livelihoods. Our Review highlights that although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops. Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- Science and Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberly M Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Juffe-Bignoli
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jesse F Abrams
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Global Systems Institute and Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Paul R Furumo
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Persio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adrià Descals
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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9
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Meijaard E, Brooks TM, Carlson KM, Slade EM, Garcia-Ulloa J, Gaveau DLA, Lee JSH, Santika T, Juffe-Bignoli D, Struebig MJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Koh LP, Zamira N, Abrams JF, Prins HHT, Sendashonga CN, Murdiyarso D, Furumo PR, Macfarlane N, Hoffmann R, Persio M, Descals A, Szantoi Z, Sheil D. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. NATURE PLANTS 2020. [PMID: 33299148 DOI: 10.31223/osf.io/e69bz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils and, in particular, palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs. Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed and fuel (210 Mt), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (approximately 425 Mha) due to oil palm's relatively high yields. Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation. Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from an estimated 3% in West Africa to 50% in Malaysian Borneo. Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia. Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors. Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050. Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation and livelihoods. Our Review highlights that although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops. Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- Science and Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberly M Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Juffe-Bignoli
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jesse F Abrams
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Global Systems Institute and Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Paul R Furumo
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Persio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adrià Descals
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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10
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Sphingopyxis sp. Strain OPL5, an Isoprene-Degrading Bacterium from the Sphingomonadaceae Family Isolated from Oil Palm Leaves. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101557. [PMID: 33050387 PMCID: PMC7600658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile secondary metabolite, isoprene, is released by trees to the atmosphere in enormous quantities, where it has important effects on air quality and climate. Oil palm trees, one of the highest isoprene emitters, are increasingly dominating agroforestry over large areas of Asia, with associated uncertainties over their effects on climate. Microbes capable of using isoprene as a source of carbon for growth have been identified in soils and in the tree phyllosphere, and most are members of the Actinobacteria. Here, we used DNA stable isotope probing to identify the isoprene-degrading bacteria associated with oil palm leaves and inhabiting the surrounding soil. Among the most abundant isoprene degraders of the leaf-associated community were members of the Sphingomonadales, although no representatives of this order were previously known to degrade isoprene. Informed by these data, we obtained representatives of the most abundant isoprene degraders in enrichments, including Sphingopyxis strain OPL5 (Sphingomonadales), able to grow on isoprene as the sole source of carbon and energy. Sequencing of the genome of strain OPL5, as well as a novel Gordonia strain, confirmed their pathways of isoprene degradation and broadened our knowledge of the genetic and taxonomic diversity of this important bacterial trait.
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11
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Carrión O, McGenity TJ, Murrell JC. Molecular Ecology of Isoprene-Degrading Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E967. [PMID: 32605141 PMCID: PMC7409078 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is a highly abundant biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) that is emitted to the atmosphere in amounts approximating to those of methane. The effects that isoprene has on Earth's climate are both significant and complex, however, unlike methane, very little is known about the biological degradation of this environmentally important trace gas. Here, we review the mechanisms by which bacteria catabolise isoprene, what is known about the diversity of isoprene degraders in the environment, and the molecular tools currently available to study their ecology. Specifically, we focus on the use of probes based on the gene encoding the α-subunit of isoprene monooxygenase, isoA, and DNA stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP) alone or in combination with other cultivation-independent techniques to determine the abundance, diversity, and activity of isoprene degraders in the environment. These parameters are essential in order to evaluate how microbes might mitigate the effects of this important but neglected climate-active gas. We also suggest key aspects of isoprene metabolism that require further investigation in order to better understand the global isoprene biogeochemical cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Carrión
- School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Terry J. McGenity
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK;
| | - J. Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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12
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Carrión O, Gibson L, Elias DMO, McNamara NP, van Alen TA, Op den Camp HJM, Supramaniam CV, McGenity TJ, Murrell JC. Diversity of isoprene-degrading bacteria in phyllosphere and soil communities from a high isoprene-emitting environment: a Malaysian oil palm plantation. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:81. [PMID: 32493439 PMCID: PMC7271495 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoprene is the most abundantly produced biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) on Earth, with annual global emissions almost equal to those of methane. Despite its importance in atmospheric chemistry and climate, little is known about the biological degradation of isoprene in the environment. The largest source of isoprene is terrestrial plants, and oil palms, the cultivation of which is expanding rapidly, are among the highest isoprene-producing trees. RESULTS DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) to study the microbial isoprene-degrading community associated with oil palm trees revealed novel genera of isoprene-utilising bacteria including Novosphingobium, Pelomonas, Rhodoblastus, Sphingomonas and Zoogloea in both oil palm soils and on leaves. Amplicon sequencing of isoA genes, which encode the α-subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase (IsoMO), a key enzyme in isoprene metabolism, confirmed that oil palm trees harbour a novel diversity of isoA sequences. In addition, metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from oil palm soil and leaf metagenomes and putative isoprene degradation genes were identified. Analysis of unenriched metagenomes showed that isoA-containing bacteria are more abundant in soils than in the oil palm phyllosphere. CONCLUSION This study greatly expands the known diversity of bacteria that can metabolise isoprene and contributes to a better understanding of the biological degradation of this important but neglected climate-active gas. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Carrión
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Lisa Gibson
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Dafydd M O Elias
- UK Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Niall P McNamara
- UK Centre of Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Theo A van Alen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Vimala Supramaniam
- School of Biosciences, Nottingham Centre of Sustainable Palm Oil, University of Nottingham-Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - J Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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13
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Murrell JC, McGenity TJ, Crombie AT. Microbial metabolism of isoprene: a much-neglected climate-active gas. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:600-613. [PMID: 32441612 PMCID: PMC7657509 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The climate-active gas isoprene is the major volatile produced by a variety of trees and is released into the atmosphere in enormous quantities, on a par with global emissions of methane. While isoprene production in plants and its effect on atmospheric chemistry have received considerable attention, research into the biological isoprene sink has been neglected until recently. Here, we review current knowledge on the sources and sinks of isoprene and outline its environmental effects. Focusing on degradation by microbes, many of which are able to use isoprene as the sole source of carbon and energy, we review recent studies characterizing novel isoprene degraders isolated from soils, marine sediments and in association with plants. We describe the development and use of molecular methods to identify, quantify and genetically characterize isoprene-degrading strains in environmental samples. Finally, this review identifies research imperatives for the further study of the environmental impact, ecology, regulation and biochemistry of this interesting group of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Terry J McGenity
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Andrew T Crombie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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14
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Edy N, Yelianti U, Irawan B, Polle A, Pena R. Differences in Root Nitrogen Uptake Between Tropical Lowland Rainforests and Oil Palm Plantations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32161607 PMCID: PMC7053111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of lowland tropical rainforests to intensely fertilized agricultural land-use systems such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations leads to changes in nitrogen (N) cycling. Although soil microbial-driven N dynamics has been largely studied, the role of the plant as a major component in N uptake has rarely been considered. We address this gap by comparing the root N contents and uptake in lowland rainforests with that in oil palm plantations on Sumatra, Indonesia. To this aim, we applied 15N-labeled ammonium to intact soil, measured the 15N recovery in soil and roots, and calculated the root relative N uptake efficiency for 10 days after label application. We found that root N contents were by one third higher in the rainforest than oil palm plantations. However, 15N uptake efficiency was similar in the two systems. This finding suggests that lower N contents in oil palm roots were likely caused by plant internal utilization of the absorbed N (e.g., N export to fruit bunches) than by lower ability to take up N from the soil. 15N recovery in roots was primarily driven by the amount of root biomass, which was higher in oil palm plantation than rainforest. The oil palms unveiled a high capacity to acquire N, offering the possibility of enhancing sustainable plantation management by reducing N fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Edy
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agrotechnology, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
| | - Upik Yelianti
- Department of Biology, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Irawan
- Department of Forestry, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Larke-Mejía NL, Crombie AT, Pratscher J, McGenity TJ, Murrell JC. Novel Isoprene-Degrading Proteobacteria From Soil and Leaves Identified by Cultivation and Metagenomics Analysis of Stable Isotope Probing Experiments. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2700. [PMID: 31866954 PMCID: PMC6908491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprene is a climate-active gas and one of the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) released into the atmosphere. In the terrestrial environment, plants are the primary producers of isoprene, releasing between 500 and 750 million tons per year to protect themselves from environmental stresses such as direct radiation, heat, and reactive oxygen species. While many studies have explored isoprene production, relatively little is known about consumption of isoprene by microbes and the most well-characterized isoprene degrader is a Rhodococcus strain isolated from freshwater sediment. In order to identify a wider range of bacterial isoprene-degraders in the environment, DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) with 13C-labeled isoprene was used to identify active isoprene degraders associated with soil in the vicinity of a willow tree. Retrieval by PCR of 16S rRNA genes from the 13C-labeled DNA revealed an active isoprene-degrading bacterial community dominated by Proteobacteria, together with a minor portion of Actinobacteria, mainly of the genus Rhodococcus. Metagenome sequencing of 13C-labeled DNA from SIP experiments enabled analysis of genes encoding key enzymes of isoprene metabolism from novel isoprene degraders. Informed by these DNA-SIP experiments and working with leaves and soil from the vicinity of tree species known to produce high amounts of isoprene, four novel isoprene-degrading strains of the genera Nocardioides, Ramlibacter, Variovorax and Sphingopyxis, along with strains of Rhodococcus and Gordonia, genera that are known to contain isoprene-degrading strains, were isolated. The use of lower concentrations of isoprene during enrichment experiments has revealed active Gram-negative isoprene-degrading bacteria associated with isoprene-emitting trees. Analysis of isoprene-degradation genes from these new isolates provided a more robust phylogenetic framework for analysis of isoA, encoding the α-subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase, a key molecular marker gene for cultivation-independent studies on isoprene degradation in the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew T Crombie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Terry J McGenity
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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16
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Yang L, Ma J, Li X, Zhang C, He H. Enhancing Oxygen Vacancies of Ce-OMS-2 via Optimized Hydrothermal Conditions to Improve Catalytic Ozone Decomposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Environmental Protection Materials and Equipment of Jiangxi Province, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Changbin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Yu Y, Liu S, Ji J, Huang H. Amorphous MnO2 surviving calcination: an efficient catalyst for ozone decomposition. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcination at 300 °C of amorphous MnO2 maintains the structure and results in superior stability owing to the enhanced water-resistant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Shuilian Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jian Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
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18
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Liu S, Ji J, Yu Y, Huang H. Facile synthesis of amorphous mesoporous manganese oxides for efficient catalytic decomposition of ozone. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous mesoporous manganese oxides (MnOx) with different microstructures were synthesized via a facile redox method between manganese acetate and potassium permanganate by modulating the addition sequence of the precursors and directly used for catalytic decomposition of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilian Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jian Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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19
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Edwards DP, Lim F, James RH, Pearce CR, Scholes J, Freckleton RP, Beerling DJ. Climate change mitigation: potential benefits and pitfalls of enhanced rock weathering in tropical agriculture. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2016.0715. [PMID: 28381631 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricting future global temperature increase to 2°C or less requires the adoption of negative emissions technologies for carbon capture and storage. We review the potential for deployment of enhanced weathering (EW), via the application of crushed reactive silicate rocks (such as basalt), on over 680 million hectares of tropical agricultural and tree plantations to offset fossil fuel CO2 emissions. Warm tropical climates and productive crops will substantially enhance weathering rates, with potential co-benefits including decreased soil acidification and increased phosphorus supply promoting higher crop yields sparing forest for conservation, and reduced cultural eutrophication. Potential pitfalls include the impacts of mining operations on deforestation, producing the energy to crush and transport silicates and the erosion of silicates into rivers and coral reefs that increases inorganic turbidity, sedimentation and pH, with unknown impacts for biodiversity. We identify nine priority research areas for untapping the potential of EW in the tropics, including effectiveness of tropical agriculture at EW for major crops in relation to particle sizes and soil types, impacts on human health, and effects on farmland, adjacent forest and stream-water biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Felix Lim
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rachael H James
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Christopher R Pearce
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Julie Scholes
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - David J Beerling
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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20
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Norbäck D, Hashim JH, Hashim Z, Ali F. Volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) in schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia: Associations with rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:153-160. [PMID: 28319702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied associations between volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in schools in Malaysia and rhinitis, ocular, nasal and dermal symptoms, headache and fatigue among students. Pupils from eight randomly selected junior high schools in Johor Bahru, Malaysia (N=462), participated (96%). VOC, formaldehyde and NO2 were measured by diffusion sampling (one week) and VOC also by pumped air sampling during class. Associations were calculated by multi-level logistic regression adjusting for personal factors, the home environment and microbial compounds in the school dust. The prevalence of weekly rhinitis, ocular, throat and dermal symptoms were 18.8%, 11.6%, 15.6%, and 11.1%, respectively. Totally 20.6% had weekly headache and 22.1% fatigue. Indoor CO2 were low (range 380-690 ppm). Indoor median NO2 and formaldehyde concentrations over one week were 23μg/m3 and 2.0μg/m3, respectively. Median indoor concentration of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and limonene over one week were 12.3, 1.6, 78.4 and 3.4μg/m3, respectively. For benzaldehyde, the mean indoor concentration was 2.0μg/m3 (median<1μg/m3). Median indoor levels during class of benzene and cyclohexane were 4.6 and 3.7μg/m3, respectively. NO2 was associated with ocular symptoms (p<0.001) and fatigue (p=0.01). Formaldehyde was associated with ocular (p=0.004), throat symptoms (p=0.006) and fatigue (p=0.001). Xylene was associated with fatigue (p<0.001) and benzaldehyde was associated with headache (p=0.03). In conclusion, xylene, benzaldehyde, formaldehyde and NO2 in schools can be risk factors for ocular and throat symptoms and fatigue among students in Malaysia. The indoor and outdoor levels of benzene were often higher than the EU standard of 5μg/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Norbäck
- Uppsala University, Dept. of Medical Science, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jamal Hisham Hashim
- United Nations University-International Institute for Global Health, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Community Health, National University of Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zailina Hashim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selagor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Ali
- Johor State Health Department, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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21
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Schneider GF, Cheesman AW, Winter K, Turner BL, Sitch S, Kursar TA. Current ambient concentrations of ozone in Panama modulate the leaf chemistry of the tropical tree Ficus insipida. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:363-372. [PMID: 28088026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant and greenhouse gas, affecting carbon dynamics, ecological interactions, and agricultural productivity across continents and biomes. Elevated [O3] has been documented in tropical evergreen forests, the epicenters of terrestrial primary productivity and plant-consumer interactions. However, the effects of O3 on vegetation have not previously been studied in these forests. In this study, we quantified ambient O3 in a region shared by forests and urban/commercial zones in Panama and found levels two to three times greater than in remote tropical sites. We examined the effects of these ambient O3 levels on the growth and chemistry of seedlings of Ficus insipida, a regionally widespread tree with high stomatal conductance, using open-top chambers supplied with ozone-free or ambient air. We evaluated the differences across treatments in biomass and, using UPLC-MS-MS, leaf secondary metabolites and membrane lipids. Mean [O3] in ambient air was below the levels that induce chronic stress in temperate broadleaved trees, and biomass did not differ across treatments. However, leaf secondary metabolites - including phenolics and a terpenoid - were significantly downregulated in the ambient air treatment. Membrane lipids were present at lower concentrations in older leaves grown in ambient air, suggesting accelerated senescence. Thus, in a tree species with high O3 uptake via high stomatal conductance, current ambient [O3] in Panamanian forests are sufficient to induce chronic effects on leaf chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Schneider
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Kursar
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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22
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Kusin FM, Akhir NIM, Mohamat-Yusuff F, Awang M. Greenhouse gas emissions during plantation stage of palm oil-based biofuel production addressing different land conversion scenarios in Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5293-5304. [PMID: 28004372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impacts with regard to agro-based biofuel production have been associated with the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, field GHG emissions during plantation stage of palm oil-based biofuel production associated with land use changes for oil palm plantation development have been evaluated. Three different sites of different land use changes prior to oil palm plantation were chosen; converted land-use (large and small-scales) and logged-over forest. Field sampling for determination of soil N-mineralisation and soil organic carbon (SOC) was undertaken at the sites according to the age of palm, i.e. <5 years (immature), 5-20 and >21 years (mature oil palms). The field data were incorporated into the estimation of nitrous oxide (N2O) and the resulting CO2-eq emissions as well as for estimation of carbon stock changes. Irrespective of the land conversion scenarios, the nitrous oxide emissions were found in the range of 6.47-7.78 kg N2O-N/ha resulting in 498-590 kg CO2-eq/ha. On the other hand, the conversion of tropical forest into oil palm plantation has resulted in relatively higher GHG emissions (i.e. four times higher and carbon stock reduction by >50%) compared to converted land use (converted rubber plantation) for oil palm development. The conversion from previously rubber plantation into oil palm plantation would increase the carbon savings (20% in increase) thus sustaining the environmental benefits from the palm oil-based biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faradiella Mohd Kusin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Izzati Mat Akhir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ferdaus Mohamat-Yusuff
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Awang
- SEGi University, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dislich C, Keyel AC, Salecker J, Kisel Y, Meyer KM, Auliya M, Barnes AD, Corre MD, Darras K, Faust H, Hess B, Klasen S, Knohl A, Kreft H, Meijide A, Nurdiansyah F, Otten F, Pe'er G, Steinebach S, Tarigan S, Tölle MH, Tscharntke T, Wiegand K. A review of the ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, using forests as a reference system. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1539-1569. [PMID: 27511961 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in recent decades. This large-scale land-use change has had great ecological, economic, and social impacts on both the areas converted to oil palm and their surroundings. However, research on the impacts of oil palm cultivation is scattered and patchy, and no clear overview exists. We address this gap through a systematic and comprehensive literature review of all ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, including several (genetic, medicinal and ornamental resources, information functions) not included in previous systematic reviews. We compare ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations to those in forests, as the conversion of forest to oil palm is prevalent in the tropics. We find that oil palm plantations generally have reduced ecosystem functioning compared to forests: 11 out of 14 ecosystem functions show a net decrease in level of function. Some functions show decreases with potentially irreversible global impacts (e.g. reductions in gas and climate regulation, habitat and nursery functions, genetic resources, medicinal resources, and information functions). The most serious impacts occur when forest is cleared to establish new plantations, and immediately afterwards, especially on peat soils. To variable degrees, specific plantation management measures can prevent or reduce losses of some ecosystem functions (e.g. avoid illegal land clearing via fire, avoid draining of peat, use of integrated pest management, use of cover crops, mulch, and compost) and we highlight synergistic mitigation measures that can improve multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously. The only ecosystem function which increases in oil palm plantations is, unsurprisingly, the production of marketable goods. Our review highlights numerous research gaps. In particular, there are significant gaps with respect to socio-cultural information functions. Further, there is a need for more empirical data on the importance of spatial and temporal scales, such as differences among plantations in different environments, of different sizes, and of different ages, as our review has identified examples where ecosystem functions vary spatially and temporally. Finally, more research is needed on developing management practices that can offset the losses of ecosystem functions. Our findings should stimulate research to address the identified gaps, and provide a foundation for more systematic research and discussion on ways to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts of oil palm cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dislich
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander C Keyel
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Salecker
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yael Kisel
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin M Meyer
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Auliya
- Department of Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrew D Barnes
- Department of Systemic Conservation Biology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marife D Corre
- Department of Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Darras
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Faust
- Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Hess
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Klasen
- Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economic Science, University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Department of Bioclimatology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Conservation Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana Meijide
- Department of Bioclimatology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fuad Nurdiansyah
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fenna Otten
- Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geoscience and Geography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guy Pe'er
- Department of Conservation Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steinebach
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Suria Tarigan
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources Management, Bogor Agriculture University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Merja H Tölle
- Department of Bioclimatology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Geography, University of Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wiegand
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Isoprene photooxidation is a major driver of atmospheric chemistry over forested regions. Isoprene reacts with hydroxyl radicals (OH) and molecular oxygen to produce isoprene peroxy radicals (ISOPOO). These radicals can react with hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) to dominantly produce hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH). They can also react with nitric oxide (NO) to largely produce methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR). Unimolecular isomerization and bimolecular reactions with organic peroxy radicals are also possible. There is uncertainty about the relative importance of each of these pathways in the atmosphere and possible changes because of anthropogenic pollution. Herein, measurements of ISOPOOH and MVK + MACR concentrations are reported over the central region of the Amazon basin during the wet season. The research site, downwind of an urban region, intercepted both background and polluted air masses during the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. Under background conditions, the confidence interval for the ratio of the ISOPOOH concentration to that of MVK + MACR spanned 0.4-0.6. This result implies a ratio of the reaction rate of ISOPOO with HO2 to that with NO of approximately unity. A value of unity is significantly smaller than simulated at present by global chemical transport models for this important, nominally low-NO, forested region of Earth. Under polluted conditions, when the concentrations of reactive nitrogen compounds were high (>1 ppb), ISOPOOH concentrations dropped below the instrumental detection limit (<60 ppt). This abrupt shift in isoprene photooxidation, sparked by human activities, speaks to ongoing and possible future changes in the photochemistry active over the Amazon rainforest.
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25
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Future climate effects on suitability for growth of oil palms in Malaysia and Indonesia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14457. [PMID: 26399638 PMCID: PMC4585861 DOI: 10.1038/srep14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of palm oil (PO) is highly profitable. The economies of the principal producers, Malaysia and Indonesia, and others, benefit considerably. Climate change (CC) will most likely have an impact on the distribution of oil palms (OP) (Elaeis guineensis). Here we present modelled CC projections with respect to the suitability of growing OP, in Malaysia and Indonesia. A process-oriented niche model of OP was developed using CLIMEX to estimate its potential distribution under current and future climate scenarios. Two Global Climate Models (GCMs), CSIRO-Mk3.0 and MIROC-H, were used to explore the impacts of CC under the A1B and A2 scenarios for 2030, 2070 and 2100. Decreases in climatic suitability for OP in the region were gradual by 2030 but became more pronounced by 2100. These projections imply that OP growth will be affected severely by CC, with obvious implications to the economies of (a) Indonesia and Malaysia and (b) the PO industry, but with potential benefits towards reducing CC. A possible remedial action is to concentrate research on development of new varieties of OP that are less vulnerable to CC.
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26
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Rosenkranz M, Pugh TAM, Schnitzler JP, Arneth A. Effect of land-use change and management on biogenic volatile organic compound emissions--selecting climate-smart cultivars. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1896-1912. [PMID: 25255900 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change (LUC) has fundamentally altered the form and function of the terrestrial biosphere. Increasing human population, the drive for higher living standards and the potential challenges of mitigating and adapting to global environmental change mean that further changes in LUC are unavoidable. LUC has direct consequences on climate not only via emissions of greenhouse gases and changing the surface energy balance but also by affecting the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Isoprenoids, which dominate global BVOC emissions, are highly reactive and strongly modify atmospheric composition. The effects of LUC on BVOC emissions and related atmospheric chemistry have been largely ignored so far. However, compared with natural ecosystems, most tree species used in bioenergy plantations are strong BVOC emitters, whereas intensively cultivated crops typically emit less BVOCs. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on LUC-driven BVOC emissions and how these might affect atmospheric composition and climate. We further discuss land management and plant-breeding strategies, which could be taken to move towards climate-friendly BVOC emissions while simultaneously maintaining or improving key ecosystem functions such as crop yield under a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Rosenkranz
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A M Pugh
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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27
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von Schneidemesser E, Monks PS, Allan JD, Bruhwiler L, Forster P, Fowler D, Lauer A, Morgan WT, Paasonen P, Righi M, Sindelarova K, Sutton MA. Chemistry and the Linkages between Air Quality and Climate Change. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3856-97. [PMID: 25926133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul S Monks
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - David Fowler
- ∇Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Lauer
- †Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Pauli Paasonen
- ○Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mattia Righi
- ◆Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Katerina Sindelarova
- ¶UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU; LATMOS-IPSL, UMR 8190 Paris, France.,□Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark A Sutton
- ∇Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette L Heald
- †Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dominick V Spracklen
- ‡School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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30
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31
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Wilcove DS, Giam X, Edwards DP, Fisher B, Koh LP. Navjot's nightmare revisited: logging, agriculture, and biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Trends Ecol Evol 2013; 28:531-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Gasparatos A, Stromberg P, Takeuchi K. Sustainability impacts of first-generation biofuels. Anim Front 2013. [DOI: 10.2527/af.2013-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gasparatos
- Oxford University, Biodiversity Institute, Oxford, England
| | - P. Stromberg
- United Nations University, Institute of Advanced Studies, Yokohama, Japan
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Policy Analysis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Takeuchi
- United Nations University, Institute for Sustainability and Peace, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo, Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Porter WC, Barsanti KC, Baughman EC, Rosenstiel TN. Considering the air quality impacts of bioenergy crop production: a case study involving Arundo donax. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:9777-9784. [PMID: 22852528 DOI: 10.1021/es3013084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The expanding production of bioenergy crops may impact regional air quality through the production of volatile organic compounds such as isoprene. To investigate the effects of isoprene-emitting crops on air quality, specifically ozone (O(3)) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, we performed a series of model runs using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem) coupled with the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) simulating a proposed cropland conversion to the giant cane Arundo donax for biomass production. Cultivation of A. donax in the relatively clean air of northeastern Oregon resulted in an average increase in 8 h O(3) levels of 0.52 ppb, while SOA was largely unaffected (<+0.01 μg m(-3)). Conversions in U.S. regions with reduced air quality (eastern Texas and northern Illinois) resulted in average 8 h O(3) increases of 2.46 and 3.97 ppb, respectively, with daily increases up to 15 ppb in the Illinois case, and daytime SOA increases up to 0.57 μg m(-3). While cultivation of isoprene-emitting bioenergy crops may be appropriate at some scales and in some regions, other areas may experience increased O(3) and SOA, highlighting the need to consider isoprene emissions when evaluating potential regional impacts of bioenergy crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Porter
- Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States.
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34
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Behnke K, Grote R, Brüggemann N, Zimmer I, Zhou G, Elobeid M, Janz D, Polle A, Schnitzler JP. Isoprene emission-free poplars--a chance to reduce the impact from poplar plantations on the atmosphere. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:70-82. [PMID: 22142198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
• Depending on the atmospheric composition, isoprene emissions from plants can have a severe impact on air quality and regional climate. For the plant itself, isoprene can enhance stress tolerance and also interfere with the attraction of herbivores and parasitoids. • Here, we tested the growth performance and fitness of Populus × canescens in which isoprene emission had been knocked down by RNA interference technology (PcISPS-RNAi plants) for two growing seasons under outdoor conditions. • Neither the growth nor biomass yield of the PcISPS-RNAi poplars was impaired, and they were even temporarily enhanced compared with control poplars. Modelling of the annual carbon balances revealed a reduced carbon loss of 2.2% of the total gross primary production by the absence of isoprene emission, and a 6.9% enhanced net growth of PcISPS-RNAi poplars. However, the knock down in isoprene emission resulted in reduced susceptibility to fungal infection, whereas the attractiveness for herbivores was enhanced. • The present study promises potential for the use of non- or low-isoprene-emitting poplars for more sustainable and environmentally friendly biomass production, as reducing isoprene emission will presumably have positive effects on regional climate and air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Behnke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Ina Zimmer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Guanwu Zhou
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mudawi Elobeid
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institute, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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MacKenzie AR, Langford B, Pugh TAM, Robinson N, Misztal PK, Heard DE, Lee JD, Lewis AC, Jones CE, Hopkins JR, Phillips G, Monks PS, Karunaharan A, Hornsby KE, Nicolas-Perea V, Coe H, Gabey AM, Gallagher MW, Whalley LK, Edwards PM, Evans MJ, Stone D, Ingham T, Commane R, Furneaux KL, McQuaid JB, Nemitz E, Seng YK, Fowler D, Pyle JA, Hewitt CN. The atmospheric chemistry of trace gases and particulate matter emitted by different land uses in Borneo. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 366:3177-95. [PMID: 22006961 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report measurements of atmospheric composition over a tropical rainforest and over a nearby oil palm plantation in Sabah, Borneo. The primary vegetation in each of the two landscapes emits very different amounts and kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), resulting in distinctive VOC fingerprints in the atmospheric boundary layer for both landscapes. VOCs over the Borneo rainforest are dominated by isoprene and its oxidation products, with a significant additional contribution from monoterpenes. Rather than consuming the main atmospheric oxidant, OH, these high concentrations of VOCs appear to maintain OH, as has been observed previously over Amazonia. The boundary-layer characteristics and mixing ratios of VOCs observed over the Borneo rainforest are different to those measured previously over Amazonia. Compared with the Bornean rainforest, air over the oil palm plantation contains much more isoprene, monoterpenes are relatively less important, and the flower scent, estragole, is prominent. Concentrations of nitrogen oxides are greater above the agro-industrial oil palm landscape than over the rainforest, and this leads to changes in some secondary pollutant mixing ratios (but not, currently, differences in ozone). Secondary organic aerosol over both landscapes shows a significant contribution from isoprene. Primary biological aerosol dominates the super-micrometre aerosol over the rainforest and is likely to be sensitive to land-use change, since the fungal source of the bioaerosol is closely linked to above-ground biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R MacKenzie
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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36
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Pyle JA, Warwick NJ, Harris NRP, Abas MR, Archibald AT, Ashfold MJ, Ashworth K, Barkley MP, Carver GD, Chance K, Dorsey JR, Fowler D, Gonzi S, Gostlow B, Hewitt CN, Kurosu TP, Lee JD, Langford SB, Mills G, Moller S, MacKenzie AR, Manning AJ, Misztal P, Nadzir MSM, Nemitz E, Newton HM, O'Brien LM, Ong S, Oram D, Palmer PI, Peng LK, Phang SM, Pike R, Pugh TAM, Rahman NA, Robinson AD, Sentian J, Samah AA, Skiba U, Ung HE, Yong SE, Young PJ. The impact of local surface changes in Borneo on atmospheric composition at wider spatial scales: coastal processes, land-use change and air quality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 366:3210-24. [PMID: 22006963 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present results from the OP3 campaign in Sabah during 2008 that allow us to study the impact of local emission changes over Borneo on atmospheric composition at the regional and wider scale. OP3 constituent data provide an important constraint on model performance. Treatment of boundary layer processes is highlighted as an important area of model uncertainty. Model studies of land-use change confirm earlier work, indicating that further changes to intensive oil palm agriculture in South East Asia, and the tropics in general, could have important impacts on air quality, with the biggest factor being the concomitant changes in NO(x) emissions. With the model scenarios used here, local increases in ozone of around 50 per cent could occur. We also report measurements of short-lived brominated compounds around Sabah suggesting that oceanic (and, especially, coastal) emission sources dominate locally. The concentration of bromine in short-lived halocarbons measured at the surface during OP3 amounted to about 7 ppt, setting an upper limit on the amount of these species that can reach the lower stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Pyle
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, NCAS, UK.
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37
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Fowler D, Nemitz E, Misztal P, Di Marco C, Skiba U, Ryder J, Helfter C, Cape JN, Owen S, Dorsey J, Gallagher MW, Coyle M, Phillips G, Davison B, Langford B, MacKenzie R, Muller J, Siong J, Dari-Salisburgo C, Di Carlo P, Aruffo E, Giammaria F, Pyle JA, Hewitt CN. Effects of land use on surface-atmosphere exchanges of trace gases and energy in Borneo: comparing fluxes over oil palm plantations and a rainforest. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 366:3196-209. [PMID: 22006962 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports measurements of land-atmosphere fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, CO(2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO, NO(2), N(2)O and O(3) over a 30 m high rainforest canopy and a 12 m high oil palm plantation in the same region of Sabah in Borneo between April and July 2008. The daytime maximum CO(2) flux to the two canopies differs by approximately a factor of 2, 1200 mg C m(-2) h(-1) for the oil palm and 700 mg C m(-2) h(-1) for the rainforest, with the oil palm plantation showing a substantially greater quantum efficiency. Total VOC emissions are also larger over the oil palm than over the rainforest by a factor of 3. Emissions of isoprene from the oil palm canopy represented 80 per cent of the VOC emissions and exceeded those over the rainforest in similar light and temperature conditions by on average a factor of 5. Substantial emissions of estragole (1-allyl-4-methoxybenzene) from the oil palm plantation were detected and no trace of this VOC was detected in or above the rainforest. Deposition velocities for O(3) to the rainforest were a factor of 2 larger than over oil palm. Emissions of nitrous oxide were larger from the soils of the oil palm plantation than from the soils of the rainforest by approximately 25 per cent. It is clear from the measurements that the large change in the species composition generated by replacing rainforest with oil palm leads to profound changes in the net exchange of most of the trace gases measured, and thus on the chemical composition of the boundary layer over these surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fowler
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK.
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Mace GM, Norris K, Fitter AH. Biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multilayered relationship. Trends Ecol Evol 2011; 27:19-26. [PMID: 21943703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and the rapidly expanding research and policy field of ecosystem services is confused and is damaging efforts to create coherent policy. Using the widely accepted Convention on Biological Diversity definition of biodiversity and work for the U.K. National Ecosystem Assessment we show that biodiversity has key roles at all levels of the ecosystem service hierarchy: as a regulator of underpinning ecosystem processes, as a final ecosystem service and as a good that is subject to valuation, whether economic or otherwise. Ecosystem science and practice has not yet absorbed the lessons of this complex relationship, which suggests an urgent need to develop the interdisciplinary science of ecosystem management bringing together ecologists, conservation biologists, resource economists and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Population Biology, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
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Noe SM, Kimmel V, Hüve K, Copolovici L, Portillo-Estrada M, Püttsepp Ü, Jõgiste K, Niinemets Ü, Hörtnagl L, Wohlfahrt G. Ecosystem-scale biosphere-atmosphere interactions of a hemiboreal mixed forest stand at Järvselja, Estonia. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 2011; 262:71-81. [PMID: 24347809 PMCID: PMC3859925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During two measurement campaigns, from August to September 2008 and 2009, we quantified the major ecosystem fluxes in a hemiboreal forest ecosystem in Järvselja, Estonia. The main aim of this study was to separate the ecosystem flux components and gain insight into the performance of a multi-species multi-layered tree stand. Carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes were measured using the eddy covariance method above and below the canopy in conjunction with the microclimate. Leaf and soil contributions were quantified separately by cuvette and chamber measurements, including fluxes of carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and biogenic volatile organic compounds (isoprene and monoterpenes). The latter have been as well characterized for monoterpenes in detail. Based on measured atmospheric trace gas concentrations, the flux tower site can be characterized as remote and rural with low anthropogenic disturbances. Our results presented here encourage future experimental efforts to be directed towards year round integrated biosphere-atmosphere measurements and development of process-oriented models of forest-atmosphere exchange taking the special case of a multi-layered and multi-species tree stand into account. As climate change likely leads to spatial extension of hemiboreal forest ecosystems a deep understanding of the processes and interactions therein is needed to foster management and mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen M. Noe
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu Estonia
| | - Veljo Kimmel
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu Estonia
| | - Katja Hüve
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu Estonia
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu Estonia
| | - Miguel Portillo-Estrada
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu Estonia
| | - Ülle Püttsepp
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu Estonia
| | - Kalev Jõgiste
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, EE-51014 Tartu Estonia
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ganzeveld L, Bouwman L, Stehfest E, van Vuuren DP, Eickhout B, Lelieveld J. Impact of future land use and land cover changes on atmospheric chemistry-climate interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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