1
|
Ramamurthy K, Priya PS, Murugan R, Arockiaraj J. Hues of risk: investigating genotoxicity and environmental impacts of azo textile dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33190-33211. [PMID: 38676865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The textile industry, with its extensive use of dyes and chemicals, stands out as a significant source of water pollution. Exposure to certain textile dyes, such as azo dyes and their breakdown products like aromatic amines, has been associated with health concerns like skin sensitization, allergic reactions, and even cancer in humans. Annually, the worldwide production of synthetic dyes approximates 7 × 107 tons, of which the textile industry accounts for over 10,000 tons. Inefficient dyeing procedures result in the discharge of 15-50% of azo dyes, which do not adequately bind to fibers, into wastewater. This review delves into the genotoxic impact of azo dyes, prevalent in the textile industry, on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Examining different families of textile dye which contain azo group in their structure such as Sudan I and Sudan III Sudan IV, Basic Red 51, Basic Violet 14, Disperse Yellow 7, Congo Red, Acid Red 26, and Acid Blue 113 reveals their carcinogenic potential, which may affect both industrial workers and aquatic life. Genotoxic and carcinogenic characteristics, chromosomal abnormalities, induced physiological and neurobehavioral changes, and disruptions to spermatogenesis are evident, underscoring the harmful effects of these dyes. The review calls for comprehensive investigations into the toxic profile of azo dyes, providing essential insights to safeguard the aquatic ecosystem and human well-being. The importance of effective effluent treatment systems is underscored to mitigate adverse impacts on agricultural lands, water resources, and the environment, particularly in regions heavily reliant on wastewater irrigation for food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ramamurthy
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peter Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulatur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang W, Mao J, Wang X, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Cao Y, Nie M, Wu X. The genetic spectrum of a Chinese series of patients with 46, XY disorders of the sex development. Andrology 2024; 12:98-108. [PMID: 37147882 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The etiology of 46, XY disorders of sex development (46, XY DSD) is complex, and studies have shown that different series of patients with 46, XY DSD has different genetic spectrum. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying genetic etiology in a Chinese series of patients with 46, XY DSD by whole exome sequencing (WES). METHODS Seventy patients with 46, XY DSD were enrolled from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China). The detailed clinical characteristics were evaluated, and peripheral blood was collected for WES to find the patients' rare variants (RVs) of genes related to 46, XY DSD. The clinical significance of the RVs was annotated according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. RESULTS A total of 57 RVs from nine genes were identified in 56 patients with 46, XY DSD, which include 21 novel RVs and 36 recurrent RVs. Based on the American ACMG guidelines, 43 variants were classified as pathogenic(P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants and 14 variants were defined as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). P or LP variants were identified in 64.3% (45/70) patients of the series. Thirty-nine, 14, and 4 RVs were involved in the process of androgen synthesis and action, testicular determination and developmental process, and syndromic 46, XY DSD, respectively. The top three genes most frequently affected to cause 46, XY DSD were AR, SRD5A2, and NR5A1. Seven patients were found harboring RVs of the 46, XY DSD pathogenic genes identified in recent years, namely DHX37 in four patients, MYRF in two patients, and PPP2R3C in one patient. CONCLUSION We identified 21 novel RVs of nine genes, which extended the genetic spectrum of 46, XY DSD pathogenic variants. Our study showed that 60% of the patients were caused by AR, SRD5A2 or NR5A1 P/LP variants. Therefore, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and Sanger sequencing of these three genes could be performed first to identify the pathogeny of the patients. For those patients whose pathogenic variants had not been found, whole-exome sequencing could be helpful in determining the etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqing Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key laboratory of Endocrinology (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aversa T, Luppino G, Corica D, Pepe G, Valenzise M, Coco R, Li Pomi A, Wasniewska M. A Rare Case of Precocious Puberty in a Child with a Novel GATA-4 Gene Mutation: Implications for Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1631. [PMID: 37628683 PMCID: PMC10454567 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders/Differences of sex development (DSD) are often due to disruptions of the genetic programs that regulate gonad development. The GATA-4 gene, located on chromosome 8p23.1, encodes GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA-4), a transcription factor that is essential for cardiac and gonadal development and sexual differentiation. CASE DESCRIPTION A child with a history of micropenis and cryptorchidism. At 8 years of age, he came under our observation for an increase in sexual pubic hair (pubarche). The laboratory parameters and the GnRH test suggested a central precocious puberty (CPP). Treatment with GnRH analogs was started, and we decided to perform genetic tests for DSD. The NGS genetic investigation showed a novel and heterozygous variant in the GATA-4 gene. DISCUSSION In the literature, 26 cases with 46,XY DSD due to the GATA4 gene were reported. CONCLUSION The novel variant in the GATA-4 gene of our patient was not previously associated with DSD. This is the first case of a DSD due to a GATA-4 mutation that develops precocious puberty. Precocious puberty could be associated with DSD and considered a prelude to hypogonadism in some cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Aversa
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (T.A.); (G.L.); (D.C.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (R.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luppino
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (T.A.); (G.L.); (D.C.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (R.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Corica
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (T.A.); (G.L.); (D.C.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (R.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pepe
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (T.A.); (G.L.); (D.C.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (R.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariella Valenzise
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (T.A.); (G.L.); (D.C.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (R.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Coco
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (T.A.); (G.L.); (D.C.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (R.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Li Pomi
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (T.A.); (G.L.); (D.C.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (R.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (T.A.); (G.L.); (D.C.); (G.P.); (M.V.); (R.C.); (A.L.P.)
- Pediatric Unit, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Wang Y, Li B, Zhang Y, Song S, Ding W, Xu D, Zhao Z. BMP6 regulates AMH expression via SMAD1/5/8 in goat ovarian granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2023; 197:167-176. [PMID: 36525856 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by ovarian granulosa cells (GCs)and plays a major role in inhibiting the recruitment of primordial follicles and reducing the sensitivity of growing follicles to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) has similar spatiotemporal expression to AMH during follicular development, suggesting that BMP6 may regulate AMH expression. However, the specific mechanism by which BMP6 regulates AMH expression remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular pathway by which BMP6 regulates AMH expression. The results showed that BMP6 promoted the secretion and expression of AMH in goat ovarian GCs. Mechanistically, BMP6 upregulated the expression of sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) and GATA-binding factor 4 (GATA4), which was associated with the transcriptional initiation of AMH. AMH expression was significantly decreased by GATA4 knockdown. Moreover, BMP6 treatment promoted the phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, whereas inhibiting the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway significantly abolished BMP6-induced upregulation of AMH and GATA4 expression. Interestingly, the activation of SMAD1/5/8 alone did not affect the expression of AMH or GATA4. The results suggested that BMP6 upregulated GATA4 through the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway, which in turn promoted AMH expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yukun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Bijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shuaifei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Wenfei Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Dejun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University,Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Laronda MM. Factors within the Developing Embryo and Ovarian Microenvironment That Influence Primordial Germ Cell Fate. Sex Dev 2023; 17:134-144. [PMID: 36646055 PMCID: PMC10349905 DOI: 10.1159/000528209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primordial germ cell (PGC) fate is dictated by the designation, taxis, and influence of the surrounding embryonic somatic cells. Whereas gonadal sex determination results from a balance of factors within the tissue microenvironment. SUMMARY Our understanding of mammalian ovary development is formed in large part from developmental time courses established using murine models. Genomic tools where genes implicated in the PGC designation or gonadal sex determination have been modulated through complete or conditional knockouts in vivo, and studies in in situ models with inhibitors or cultures that alter the native gonadal environment have pieced together the interplay of pioneering transcription factors, co-regulators and chromosomes critical for the progression of PGCs to oocytes. Tools such as pluripotent stem cell derivation, genomic modifications, and aggregate differentiation cultures have yielded some insight into the human condition. Additional understanding of sex determination, both gonadal and anatomical, may be inferred from phenotypes that arise from de novo or inherited gene variants in humans who have differences in sex development. KEY MESSAGES This review highlights major factors critical for PGC specification and migration, and in ovarian gonad specification by reviewing seminal murine models. These pathways are compared to what is known about the human condition from expression profiles of fetal gonadal tissue, use of human pluripotent stem cells, or disorders resulting from disease variants. Many of these pathways are challenging to decipher in human tissues. However, the impact of new single-cell technologies and whole-genome sequencing to reveal disease variants of idiopathic reproductive tract phenotypes will help elucidate the mechanisms involved in human ovary development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Laronda
- Department of Endocrinology and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, (IL,) USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, (IL,) USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rjiba K, Mougou-Zerelli S, Hamida IH, Saad G, Khadija B, Jelloul A, Slimani W, Hasni Y, Dimassi S, Khelifa HB, Sallem A, Kammoun M, Abdallah HH, Gribaa M, Bignon-Topalovic J, Chelly S, Khairi H, Bibi M, Kacem M, Saad A, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. Additional evidence for the role of chromosomal imbalances and SOX8, ZNRF3 and HHAT gene variants in early human testis development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:2. [PMID: 36631813 PMCID: PMC9990451 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forty-six ,XY Differences/Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) are characterized by a broad phenotypic spectrum ranging from typical female to male with undervirilized external genitalia, or more rarely testicular regression with a typical male phenotype. Despite progress in the genetic diagnosis of DSD, most 46,XY DSD cases remain idiopathic. METHODS To determine the genetic causes of 46,XY DSD, we studied 165 patients of Tunisian ancestry, who presented a wide range of DSD phenotypes. Karyotyping, candidate gene sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed. RESULTS Cytogenetic abnormalities, including a high frequency of sex chromosomal anomalies (85.4%), explained the phenotype in 30.9% (51/165) of the cohort. Sanger sequencing of candidate genes identified a novel pathogenic variant in the SRY gene in a patient with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. An exome screen of a sub-group of 44 patients with 46,XY DSD revealed pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 38.6% (17/44) of patients. CONCLUSION Rare or novel pathogenic variants were identified in the AR, SRD5A2, ZNRF3, SOX8, SOX9 and HHAT genes. Overall our data indicate a genetic diagnosis rate of 41.2% (68/165) in the group of 46,XY DSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Rjiba
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Services Communs en Génétique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Unité de Services Communs en Génétique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imen Hadj Hamida
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Saad
- Department of Endocrinology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Bochra Khadija
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Unité de Services Communs en Génétique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Afef Jelloul
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Slimani
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Unité de Services Communs en Génétique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Hasni
- Department of Endocrinology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Dimassi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Unité de Services Communs en Génétique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hela Ben Khelifa
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amira Sallem
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Biology of Reproduction, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Molka Kammoun
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Hadj Abdallah
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Moez Gribaa
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Sami Chelly
- Private Gynecologist Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hédi Khairi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bibi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Maha Kacem
- Department of Endocrinology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ali Saad
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Human Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Unité de Services Communs en Génétique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caranica C, Lu M. A data-driven optimization method for coarse-graining gene regulatory networks. iScience 2023; 26:105927. [PMID: 36698721 PMCID: PMC9868542 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One major challenge in systems biology is to understand how various genes in a gene regulatory network (GRN) collectively perform their functions and control network dynamics. This task becomes extremely hard to tackle in the case of large networks with hundreds of genes and edges, many of which have redundant regulatory roles and functions. The existing methods for model reduction usually require the detailed mathematical description of dynamical systems and their corresponding kinetic parameters, which are often not available. Here, we present a data-driven method for coarse-graining large GRNs, named SacoGraci, using ensemble-based mathematical modeling, dimensionality reduction, and gene circuit optimization by Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. SacoGraci requires network topology as the only input and is robust against errors in GRNs. We benchmark and demonstrate its usage with synthetic, literature-based, and bioinformatics-derived GRNs. We hope SacoGraci will enhance our ability to model the gene regulation of complex biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Caranica
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mingyang Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leon E, Nde C, Ray RS, Preciado D, Zohn IE. ALDH1A2-related disorder: A new genetic syndrome due to alteration of the retinoic acid pathway. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:90-99. [PMID: 36263470 PMCID: PMC9805811 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1, Family Member A2 (ALDH1A2) is essential for the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A. Studies in model organisms demonstrate a critical role for ALDH1A2 in embryonic development, yet few pathogenic variants are linked to congenital anomalies in humans. We present three siblings with multiple congenital anomaly syndrome linked to biallelic sequence variants in ALDH1A2. The major congenital malformations affecting these children include tetralogy of Fallot, absent thymus, diaphragmatic eventration, and talipes equinovarus. Upper airway anomalies, hypocalcemia, and dysmorphic features are newly reported in this manuscript. In vitro functional validation of variants indicated that substitutions reduced the expression of the enzyme. Our clinical and functional data adds to a recent report of biallelic ALDH1A2 pathogenic variants in two families with a similar constellation of congenital malformations. These findings provide further evidence for an autosomal recessive ALDH1A2-deficient recognizable malformation syndrome involving the diaphragm, cardiac and musculoskeletal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyby Leon
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claris Nde
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Randall S. Ray
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Diego Preciado
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Irene E. Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Çelik N, Küçük Kurtulgan H, Kılıçbay F, Tunç G, Kömürlüoğlu A, Taşçı O, Çağlar Şimşek CE, Çınar T, Sıdar Duman Y. GATA-4 Variants in Two Unrelated Cases with 46, XY Disorder of Sex Development and Review of the Literature. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 14:469-474. [PMID: 34355877 PMCID: PMC9724050 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2021.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic cause of 46, XY disorder of sex development (DSD) still cannot be determined in about half of the cases. GATA-4 haploinsufficiency is one of the rare causes of DSD in genetic males (46, XY). Twenty-two cases with 46, XY DSD due to GATA-4 haploinsufficiency (nine missense variant, two copy number variation) have been previously reported. In these cases, the phenotype may range from a mild undervirilization to complete female external genitalia. The haploinsufficiency may be caused by a sequence variant or copy number variation (8p23 deletion). The aim of this study was to present two unrelated patients with DSD due to GATA-4 variants and to review the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of DSD cases related to GATA-4 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Çelik
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sivas, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sivas, Turkey Phone: +90 505 673 61 45 E-mail: ,
| | - Hande Küçük Kurtulgan
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kılıçbay
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neonatology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Gaffari Tunç
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neonatology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ayça Kömürlüoğlu
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Onur Taşçı
- Sivas Numune Hospital, Clinic of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Cemile Ece Çağlar Şimşek
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Taha Çınar
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Sıdar Duman
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shichiri Y, Kato Y, Inagaki H, Kato T, Ishihara N, Miyata M, Boda H, Kojima A, Miyake M, Kurahashi H. A case of 46,XY disorders of sex development with congenital heart disease caused by a GATA4 variant. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2022; 62:203-207. [PMID: 35751412 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is known to be a causative gene for congenital heart disease, but has also now been associated with disorders of sexual development (DSD). We here report a pathogenic variant of GATA4 in a 46,XY DSD patient with an atrial septal defect, identified by whole-exome sequencing to be c.487C>T (p.Pro163Ser). This mutation resulted in reduced transcriptional activity of the downstream gene. When we compared this transcriptional activity level with other GATA4 variants, those that had been identified in patients with cardiac defects and DSD showed less activity than those in patients with cardiac defect only. This suggests that the normal development of the heart requires more strict regulation of GATA4 transcription than testicular development. Further, when the different variants were co-expressed with wild-type, the transcriptional activities were consistently lower than would be expected from an additive effect, suggesting a dominant-negative impact of the variant via dimer formation of the GATA4 protein. Since these pathogenic GATA4 variants are occasionally identified in healthy parents, a threshold model of quantitative traits may explain the cardiac defect or DSD phenotypes that they cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Shichiri
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takema Kato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naoko Ishihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroko Boda
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Arisa Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Misa Miyake
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lucas-Herald AK, Mitchell RT. Testicular Sertoli Cell Hormones in Differences in Sex Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:919670. [PMID: 35909548 PMCID: PMC9329667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.919670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sertoli cells of the testes play an essential role during gonadal development, in addition to supporting subsequent germ cell survival and spermatogenesis. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily, which is secreted by immature Sertoli cells from the 8th week of fetal gestation. lnhibin B is a glycoprotein, which is produced by the Sertoli cells from early in fetal development. In people with a Difference or Disorder of Sex Development (DSD), these hormones may be useful to determine the presence of testicular tissue and potential for spermatogenesis. However, fetal Sertoli cell development and function is often dysregulated in DSD conditions and altered production of Sertoli cell hormones may be detected throughout the life course in these individuals. As such this review will consider the role of AMH and inhibin B in individuals with DSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Lucas-Herald
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rod T. Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie Y, Wu C, Li Z, Wu Z, Hong L. Early Gonadal Development and Sex Determination in Mammal. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147500. [PMID: 35886859 PMCID: PMC9323860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex determination is crucial for the transmission of genetic information through generations. In mammal, this process is primarily regulated by an antagonistic network of sex-related genes beginning in embryonic development and continuing throughout life. Nonetheless, abnormal expression of these sex-related genes will lead to reproductive organ and germline abnormalities, resulting in disorders of sex development (DSD) and infertility. On the other hand, it is possible to predetermine the sex of animal offspring by artificially regulating sex-related gene expression, a recent research hotspot. In this paper, we reviewed recent research that has improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of the gonad and primordial germ cells (PGCs), progenitors of the germline, to provide new directions for the treatment of DSD and infertility, both of which involve manipulating the sex ratio of livestock offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshe Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Changhua Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (L.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo M, Liao B, Ma D, Wang J, Wang J, Liu J, Lei X, Cai Y, Tang L, Zhao L, Long S, Yang F, Lei X. Dendrobium nobile-derived polysaccharides ameliorate spermatogenic disorders in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes through regulation of the glycolytic pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:203-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
14
|
Viger RS, de Mattos K, Tremblay JJ. Insights Into the Roles of GATA Factors in Mammalian Testis Development and the Control of Fetal Testis Gene Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:902198. [PMID: 35692407 PMCID: PMC9178088 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.902198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how genes get turned on and off in a correct spatiotemporal manner is integral to our understanding of the development, differentiation, and function of different cell types in both health and disease. Testis development and subsequent male sex differentiation of the XY fetus are well-orchestrated processes that require an intricate network of cell-cell communication and hormonal signals that must be properly interpreted at the genomic level. Transcription factors are at the forefront for translating these signals into a coordinated genomic response. The GATA family of transcriptional regulators were first described as essential regulators of hematopoietic cell differentiation and heart morphogenesis but are now known to impact the development and function of a multitude of tissues and cell types. The mammalian testis is no exception where GATA factors play essential roles in directing the expression of genes crucial not only for testis differentiation but also testis function in the developing male fetus and later in adulthood. This minireview provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of GATA factors in the male gonad with a particular emphasis on their mechanisms of action in the control of testis development, gene expression in the fetal testis, testicular disease, and XY sex differentiation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Viger
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karine de Mattos
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques J. Tremblay
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fang F, Iaquinta PJ, Xia N, Liu L, Diao L, Reijo Pera RA. Transcriptional control of human gametogenesis. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:313-345. [PMID: 35297982 PMCID: PMC9071081 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathways of gametogenesis encompass elaborate cellular specialization accompanied by precise partitioning of the genome content in order to produce fully matured spermatozoa and oocytes. Transcription factors are an important class of molecules that function in gametogenesis to regulate intrinsic gene expression programs, play essential roles in specifying (or determining) germ cell fate and assist in guiding full maturation of germ cells and maintenance of their populations. Moreover, in order to reinforce or redirect cell fate in vitro, it is transcription factors that are most frequently induced, over-expressed or activated. Many reviews have focused on the molecular development and genetics of gametogenesis, in vivo and in vitro, in model organisms and in humans, including several recent comprehensive reviews: here, we focus specifically on the role of transcription factors. Recent advances in stem cell biology and multi-omic studies have enabled deeper investigation into the unique transcriptional mechanisms of human reproductive development. Moreover, as methods continually improve, in vitro differentiation of germ cells can provide the platform for robust gain- and loss-of-function genetic analyses. These analyses are delineating unique and shared human germ cell transcriptional network components that, together with somatic lineage specifiers and pluripotency transcription factors, function in transitions from pluripotent stem cells to gametes. This grand theme review offers additional insight into human infertility and reproductive disorders that are linked predominantly to defects in the transcription factor networks and thus may potentially contribute to the development of novel treatments for infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Phillip J Iaquinta
- Division of Research, Economic Development, and Graduate Education, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Ninuo Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Diao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Renee A Reijo Pera
- Division of Research, Economic Development, and Graduate Education, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
In 46,XY men, testis is determined by a genetic network(s) that both promotes testis formation and represses ovarian development. Disruption of this process results in a lack of testis-determination and affected individuals present with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD), a part of the spectrum of Disorders/Differences of Sex Development/Determination (DSD). A minority of all cases of GD are associated with pathogenic variants in key players of testis-determination, SRY, SOX9, MAP3K1 and NR5A1. However, most of the cases remain unexplained. Recently, unbiased exome sequencing approaches have revealed new genes and loci that may cause 46,XY GD. We critically evaluate the evidence to support causality of these factors and describe how functional studies are continuing to improve our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in genes that are established causes of GD. As genomic data continues to be generated from DSD cohorts, we propose several recommendations to help interpret the data and establish causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Elzaiat
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abbasi S, Mohsen-Pour N, Naderi N, Rahimi S, Maleki M, Kalayinia S. In silico analysis of GATA4 variants demonstrates main contribution to congenital heart disease. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 13:336-354. [PMID: 35047139 PMCID: PMC8749364 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality and the main cause of infant mortality worldwide. Some of the mutations that occur in the GATA4 gene region may result in different types of CHD. Here, we report our in silico analysis of gene variants to determine the effects of the GATA4 gene on the development of CHD.
Methods: Online 1000 Genomes Project, ExAC, gnomAD, GO-ESP, TOPMed, Iranome, GME, ClinVar, and HGMD databases were drawn upon to collect information on all the reported GATA4 variations.The functional importance of the genetic variants was assessed by using SIFT, MutationTaster, CADD,PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, and GERP prediction tools. Thereafter, network analysis of the GATA4protein via STRING, normal/mutant protein structure prediction via HOPE and I-TASSER, and phylogenetic assessment of the GATA4 sequence alignment via ClustalW were performed.
Results: The most frequent variant was c.874T>C (45.58%), which was reported in Germany.Ventricular septal defect was the most frequent type of CHD. Out of all the reported variants of GATA4,38 variants were pathogenic. A high level of pathogenicity was shown for p.Gly221Arg (CADD score=31), which was further analyzed.
Conclusion: The GATA4 gene plays a significant role in CHD; we, therefore, suggest that it be accorded priority in CHD genetic screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Abbasi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mohsen-Pour
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Niloofar Naderi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Rahimi
- Department of Cardiology, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Kalayinia
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kouri C, Sommer G, Flück CE. Oligogenic Causes of Human Differences of Sex Development: Facing the Challenge of Genetic Complexity. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 96:169-179. [PMID: 34537773 DOI: 10.1159/000519691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deviations of intrauterine sex determination and differentiation and postnatal sex development can result in a very heterogeneous group of differences of sex development (DSD) with a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Variants in genes involved in sexual development cause different types of DSD, but predicting the phenotype from an individual's genotype and vice versa remains challenging. SUMMARY Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) studies suggested that oligogenic inheritance contributes to the broad manifestation of DSD phenotypes. This review will focus on possible oligogenic inheritance in DSD identified by NGS studies with a special emphasis on NR5A1variants as an example of oligogenic origin associated with a broad range of DSD phenotypes. We thoroughly searched the literature for evidence regarding oligogenic inheritance in DSD diagnosis with NGS technology and describe the challenges to interpret contribution of these genes to DSD phenotypic variability and pathogenicity. Key Messages: Variants in common DSD genes like androgen receptor (AR), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), Hydroxy-Delta-5-Steroid Dehydrogenase 3 Beta- And Steroid Delta-Isomerase 2 (HSD3B2), GATA Binding Protein 4 (GATA4), zinc finger protein friend of GATA family member 2 (ZFPM2), 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (HSD17B3), mastermind-like domain-containing protein 1 (MAMLD1), and nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1) have been detected in combination with additional variants in related genes in DSD patients with a broad range of phenotypes, implying a role of oligogenic inheritance in DSD, while still awaiting proof. Use of NGS approach for genetic diagnosis of DSD patients can reveal more complex genetic traits supporting the concept of oligogenic cause of DSD. However, assessing the pathomechanistic contribution of multiple gene variants on a DSD phenotype remains an unsolved conundrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Kouri
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Grit Sommer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa E Flück
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Triptolide impairs glycolysis by suppressing GATA4/Sp1/PFKP signaling axis in mouse Sertoli cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 425:115606. [PMID: 34087332 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), a primary bioactive ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF), has attracted great interest for its therapeutic biological activities in inflammation and autoimmune disease. However, its clinical use is limited by severe testicular toxicity, and the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Our preliminary evidence demonstrated that TP disrupted glucose metabolism and caused testicular toxicity. During spermatogenesis, Sertoli cells (SCs) provide lactate as an energy source to germ cells by glycolysis. The transcription factors GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) can regulate glycolysis. Based on this evidence, we speculate that TP causes abnormal glycolysis in SCs by influencing the expression of the transcription factors GATA4 and Sp1. The mechanism of TP-induced testicular toxicity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The data indicated that TP decreased glucose consumption, lactate production, and the mRNA levels of glycolysis-related transporters and enzymes. TP also downregulated the protein expression of the transcription factors GATA4 and Sp1, as well as the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP). Phosphorylated GATA4 and nuclear GATA4 protein levels were reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner after TP incubation. Similar effects were observed in shGata4-treated TM4 cells and BALB/c mice administered 0.4 mg/kg TP for 28 days, and glycolysis was also inhibited. Gata4 knockdown downregulated Sp1 and PFKP expression. Furthermore, the Sp1 inhibitor plicamycin inhibited PFKP protein levels in TM4 cells. In conclusion, TP inhibited GATA4-mediated glycolysis by suppressing Sp1-dependent PFKP expression in SCs and caused testicular toxicity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang X, Zhang TJ, Liu W, Ning YN, Bian YH, Cao YZ, Liu HB, Ma JL, Zhang HB. Mutational analysis of the GATA4 gene in Chinese men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:205-210. [PMID: 32859868 PMCID: PMC7991814 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_33_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As a crucial transcription factor for spermatogenesis, GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) plays important roles in the functioning of Sertoli and Leydig cells. Conditional knockout of GATA4 in mice results in age-dependent testicular atrophy and loss of fertility. However, whether GATA4 is associated with human azoospermia has not been reported. Herein, we analyzed the GATA4 gene by direct sequencing of samples obtained from 184 Chinese men with idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). We identified a missense mutation (c.191G>A, p.G64E), nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and one rare variant (c.*84C>T) in the 3´ untranslated region (UTR). Functional studies demonstrated that the p.G64E mutation did not affect transactivation ability of GATA4 for spermatogenesis-related genes (claudin-11 and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, Star), and the 3´ UTR rare variant c.*84C>T did not generate microRNA-binding sites to repress GATA4 expression. To our knowledge, this is thefirst report to investigate the association between GATA4 and azoospermia; our results indicate that mutations in GATA4 may not be pathogenic for NOA in Chinese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tai-Jian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yun-Na Ning
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yue-Hong Bian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jin-Long Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hao-Bo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,National Research Centre for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Estermann MA, Smith CA. Applying Single-Cell Analysis to Gonadogenesis and DSDs (Disorders/Differences of Sex Development). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6614. [PMID: 32927658 PMCID: PMC7555471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gonads are unique among the body's organs in having a developmental choice: testis or ovary formation. Gonadal sex differentiation involves common progenitor cells that form either Sertoli and Leydig cells in the testis or granulosa and thecal cells in the ovary. Single-cell analysis is now shedding new light on how these cell lineages are specified and how they interact with the germline. Such studies are also providing new information on gonadal maturation, ageing and the somatic-germ cell niche. Furthermore, they have the potential to improve our understanding and diagnosis of Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (DSDs). DSDs occur when chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex are atypical. Despite major advances in recent years, most cases of DSD still cannot be explained at the molecular level. This presents a major pediatric concern. The emergence of single-cell genomics and transcriptomics now presents a novel avenue for DSD analysis, for both diagnosis and for understanding the molecular genetic etiology. Such -omics datasets have the potential to enhance our understanding of the cellular origins and pathogenesis of DSDs, as well as infertility and gonadal diseases such as cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig A. Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
van den Bergen JA, Robevska G, Eggers S, Riedl S, Grover SR, Bergman PB, Kimber C, Jiwane A, Khan S, Krausz C, Raza J, Atta I, Davis SR, Ono M, Harley V, Faradz SMH, Sinclair AH, Ayers KL. Analysis of variants in GATA4 and FOG2/ZFPM2 demonstrates benign contribution to 46,XY disorders of sex development. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1095. [PMID: 31962012 PMCID: PMC7057099 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GATA‐binding protein 4 (GATA4) and Friend of GATA 2 protein (FOG2, also known as ZFPM2) form a heterodimer complex that has been shown to influence transcription of genes in a number of developmental systems. Recent evidence has also shown these genes play a role in gonadal sexual differentiation in humans. Previously we identified four variants in GATA4 and an unexpectedly large number of variants in ZFPM2 in a cohort of individuals with 46,XY Differences/Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) (Eggers et al, Genome Biology, 2016; 17: 243). Method Here, we review variant curation and test the functional activity of GATA4 and ZFPM2 variants. We assess variant transcriptional activity on gonadal specific promoters (Sox9 and AMH) and variant protein–protein interactions. Results Our findings support that the majority of GATA4 and ZFPM2 variants we identified are benign in their contribution to 46,XY DSD. Indeed, only one variant, in the conserved N‐terminal zinc finger of GATA4, was considered pathogenic, with functional analysis confirming differences in its ability to regulate Sox9 and AMH and in protein interaction with ZFPM2. Conclusions Our study helps define the genetic factors contributing to 46,XY DSD and suggests that the majority of variants we identified in GATA4 and ZFPM2/FOG2 are not causative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gorjana Robevska
- Genetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Stefanie Eggers
- Research Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Stefan Riedl
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Paediatric Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonia R Grover
- Genetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Philip B Bergman
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Chris Kimber
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Ashish Jiwane
- Department of Urology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophy Khan
- Surgical Department, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences"Mario Serio", University of Florence, Firenze, Toscana, Italy
| | - Jamal Raza
- Paediatric Department, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Irum Atta
- Paediatric Department, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Susan R Davis
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Makato Ono
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Iryo Center, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Vincent Harley
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Sultana M H Faradz
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre for Biomedical Research Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University (FMDU), Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Genetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Katie L Ayers
- Genetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan YL, Batzel P, Titus T, Sydes J, Desvignes T, BreMiller R, Draper B, Postlethwait JH. A Hormone That Lost Its Receptor: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in Zebrafish Gonad Development and Sex Determination. Genetics 2019; 213:529-553. [PMID: 31399485 PMCID: PMC6781894 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal mammalian testes secrete Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh), which inhibits female reproductive tract (Müllerian duct) development. Amh also derives from mature mammalian ovarian follicles, which marks oocyte reserve and characterizes polycystic ovarian syndrome. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) lacks Müllerian ducts and the Amh receptor gene amhr2 but, curiously, retains amh To discover the roles of Amh in the absence of Müllerian ducts and the ancestral receptor gene, we made amh null alleles in zebrafish. Results showed that normal amh prevents female-biased sex ratios. Adult male amh mutants had enormous testes, half of which contained immature oocytes, demonstrating that Amh regulates male germ cell accumulation and inhibits oocyte development or survival. Mutant males formed sperm ducts and some produced a few offspring. Young female mutants laid a few fertile eggs, so they also had functional sex ducts. Older amh mutants accumulated nonvitellogenic follicles in exceedingly large but sterile ovaries, showing that Amh helps control ovarian follicle maturation and proliferation. RNA-sequencing data partitioned juveniles at 21 days postfertilization (dpf) into two groups that each contained mutant and wild-type fish. Group21-1 upregulated ovary genes compared to Group21-2, which were likely developing as males. By 35 dpf, transcriptomes distinguished males from females and, within each sex, mutants from wild types. In adult mutants, ovaries greatly underexpressed granulosa and theca genes, and testes underexpressed Leydig cell genes. These results show that ancestral Amh functions included development of the gonadal soma in ovaries and testes and regulation of gamete proliferation and maturation. A major gap in our understanding is the identity of the gene encoding a zebrafish Amh receptor; we show here that the loss of amhr2 is associated with the breakpoint of a chromosome rearrangement shared among cyprinid fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Peter Batzel
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Tom Titus
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Jason Sydes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Ruth BreMiller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Bruce Draper
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bouchard MF, Bergeron F, Grenier Delaney J, Harvey LM, Viger RS. In Vivo Ablation of the Conserved GATA-Binding Motif in the Amh Promoter Impairs Amh Expression in the Male Mouse. Endocrinology 2019; 160:817-826. [PMID: 30759208 PMCID: PMC6426834 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is an essential transcriptional regulator required for gonadal development, differentiation, and function. In the developing testis, proposed GATA4-regulated genes include steroidogenic factor 1 (Nr5a1), SRY-related HMG box 9 (Sox9), and anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh). Although some of these genes have been validated as genuine GATA4 targets, it remains unclear whether GATA4 is a direct regulator of endogenous Amh transcription. We used a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach to specifically inactivate or delete the sole GATA-binding motif of the proximal mouse Amh promoter. AMH mRNA and protein levels were assessed at developmental time points corresponding to elevated AMH levels: fetal and neonate testes in males and adult ovaries in females. In males, loss of GATA binding to the Amh promoter significantly reduced Amh expression. Although the loss of GATA binding did not block the initiation of Amh transcription, AMH mRNA and protein levels failed to upregulate in the developing fetal and neonate testis. Interestingly, adult male mice presented no anatomical anomalies and had no evidence of retained Müllerian duct structures, suggesting that AMH levels, although markedly reduced, were sufficient to masculinize the male embryo. In contrast to males, GATA binding to the Amh promoter was dispensable for Amh expression in the adult ovary. These results provide conclusive evidence that in males, GATA4 is a positive modulator of Amh expression that works in concert with other key transcription factors to ensure that the Amh gene is sufficiently expressed in a correct spatiotemporal manner during fetal and prepubertal testis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie France Bouchard
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francis Bergeron
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jasmine Grenier Delaney
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Mathieu Harvey
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert S Viger
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Correspondence: Robert S. Viger, PhD, Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parivesh A, Barseghyan H, Délot E, Vilain E. Translating genomics to the clinical diagnosis of disorders/differences of sex development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 134:317-375. [PMID: 30999980 PMCID: PMC7382024 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The medical and psychosocial challenges faced by patients living with Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (DSD) and their families can be alleviated by a rapid and accurate diagnostic process. Clinical diagnosis of DSD is limited by a lack of standardization of anatomical and endocrine phenotyping and genetic testing, as well as poor genotype/phenotype correlation. Historically, DSD genes have been identified through positional cloning of disease-associated variants segregating in families and validation of candidates in animal and in vitro modeling of variant pathogenicity. Owing to the complexity of conditions grouped under DSD, genome-wide scanning methods are better suited for identifying disease causing gene variant(s) and providing a clinical diagnosis. Here, we review a number of established genomic tools (karyotyping, chromosomal microarrays and exome sequencing) used in clinic for DSD diagnosis, as well as emerging genomic technologies such as whole-genome (short-read) sequencing, long-read sequencing, and optical mapping used for novel DSD gene discovery. These, together with gene expression and epigenetic studies can potentiate the clinical diagnosis of DSD diagnostic rates and enhance the outcomes for patients and families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Parivesh
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hayk Barseghyan
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emmanuèle Délot
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Eric Vilain
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bergeron F, Boulende Sab A, Bouchard MF, Taniguchi H, Souchkova O, Brousseau C, Tremblay JJ, Pilon N, Viger RS. Phosphorylation of GATA4 serine 105 but not serine 261 is required for testosterone production in the male mouse. Andrology 2019; 7:357-372. [PMID: 30793514 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA4 is a transcription factor essential for male sex determination, testicular differentiation during fetal development, and male fertility in the adult. GATA4 exerts part of its function by regulating multiple genes in the steroidogenic enzyme pathway. In spite of these crucial roles, how the activity of this factor is regulated remains unclear. OBJECTIVES Studies in gonadal cell lines have shown that GATA4 is phosphorylated on at least two serine residues-serine 105 (S105) and serine 261 (S261)-and that this phosphorylation is important for GATA4 activity. The objective of the present study is to characterize the endogenous role of GATA4 S105 and S261 phosphorylation in the mouse testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined both previously described GATA4 S105A mice and a novel GATA4 S261A knock-in mouse that we generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. The male phenotype of the mutants was characterized by assessing androgen-dependent organ weights, hormonal profiles, and expression of multiple testicular target genes using standard biochemical and molecular biology techniques. RESULTS The fecundity of crosses between GATA4 S105A mice was reduced but without a change in sex ratio. The weight of androgen-dependent organs was smaller when compared to wild-type controls. Plasma testosterone levels showed a 70% decrease in adult GATA4 S105A males. This decrease was associated with a reduction in Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3 expression. GATA4 S261A mice were viable and testis morphology appeared normal. Testosterone production and steroidogenic enzyme expression were not altered in GATA4 S261A males. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our analysis showed that blocking GATA4 S105 phosphorylation is associated with decreased androgen production in males. In contrast, S261 phosphorylation by itself is dispensable for GATA4 function. These results confirm that endogenous GATA4 action is essential for normal steroid production in males and that this activity requires phosphorylation on at least one serine residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bergeron
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - A Boulende Sab
- Département des Sciences Biologiques and Centre d'excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M F Bouchard
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - H Taniguchi
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - O Souchkova
- Département des Sciences Biologiques and Centre d'excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Brousseau
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - J J Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Quebec, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - N Pilon
- Département des Sciences Biologiques and Centre d'excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R S Viger
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Quebec, QC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nef S, Stévant I, Greenfield A. Characterizing the bipotential mammalian gonad. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 134:167-194. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
28
|
Simon CS, Zhang L, Wu T, Cai W, Saiz N, Nowotschin S, Cai CL, Hadjantonakis AK. A Gata4 nuclear GFP transcriptional reporter to study endoderm and cardiac development in the mouse. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.036517. [PMID: 30530745 PMCID: PMC6310872 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The GATA zinc-finger transcription factor GATA4 is expressed in a variety of tissues during mouse embryonic development and in adult organs. These include the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst, visceral endoderm of the early post-implantation embryo, as well as lateral plate mesoderm, developing heart, liver, lung and gonads. Here, we generate a novel Gata4 targeted allele used to generate both a Gata4H2B-GFP transcriptional reporter and a Gata4FLAG fusion protein to analyse dynamic expression domains. We demonstrate that the Gata4H2B-GFP transcriptional reporter faithfully recapitulates known sites of Gata4 mRNA expression and correlates with endogenous GATA4 protein levels. This reporter labels nuclei of Gata4 expressing cells and is suitable for time-lapse imaging and single cell analyses. As such, this Gata4H2B-GFP allele will be a useful tool for studying Gata4 expression and transcriptional regulation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Simon
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nestor Saiz
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sonja Nowotschin
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shimizu D, Iwashima S, Sato K, Hayano S, Fukami M, Saitsu H, Ogata T. GATA4 variant identified by whole-exome sequencing in a Japanese family with atrial septal defect: Implications for male sex development. Clin Case Rep 2018; 6:2229-2233. [PMID: 30455927 PMCID: PMC6230668 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified a heterozygous p.(R284H) variant of GATA4 in a Japanese family with atrial septal defect, including boys with apparently normal male sex development. The findings, together with the previous data, imply that GATA4 variants primarily cause congenital heart disease and rarely result in 46,XY disorder of sex development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimizu
- Department of PediatricsHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
| | - Satoru Iwashima
- Department of PediatricsChutoen General Medical CenterKakegawaJapan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Cardiac Intensive Care UnitShizuoka Children’s HospitalShizuokaJapan
| | - Satoshi Hayano
- Department of PediatricsChutoen General Medical CenterKakegawaJapan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of BiochemistryHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of PediatricsHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
- Department of Molecular EndocrinologyNational Research Institute for Child health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tremblay M, Sanchez-Ferras O, Bouchard M. GATA transcription factors in development and disease. Development 2018; 145:145/20/dev164384. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.164384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The GATA family of transcription factors is of crucial importance during embryonic development, playing complex and widespread roles in cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis. GATA proteins are essential for the development of tissues derived from all three germ layers, including the skin, brain, gonads, liver, hematopoietic, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. The crucial activity of GATA factors is underscored by the fact that inactivating mutations in most GATA members lead to embryonic lethality in mouse models and are often associated with developmental diseases in humans. In this Primer, we discuss the unique and redundant functions of GATA proteins in tissue morphogenesis, with an emphasis on their regulation of lineage specification and early organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dixit R, Narasimhan C, Balekundri VI, Agrawal D, Kumar A, Mohapatra B. Functionally significant, novel GATA4
variants are frequently associated with Tetralogy of Fallot. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1957-1972. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Dixit
- Cytogenetics Laboratory; Department of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Chitra Narasimhan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research; Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Vijyalakshmi I. Balekundri
- Super Speciality Hospital; Prime Minister Swasth Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY); Bengaluru Medical College and Research Institute; Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Damyanti Agrawal
- Department of Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Surgery; Institute of Medical Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics; Institute of Medical Sciences; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory; Department of Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review focuses on the neonatal presentation of disorders of sex development, summarize the current approach to the evaluation of newborns and describes recent advances in understanding of underlying genetic aetiology of these conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Several possible candidate genes as well as other adverse environmental factors have been described as contributing to several clinical subgroups of 46,XY DSDs. Moreover, registry-based studies showed that infants with suspected DSD may have extragenital anomalies and in 46,XY cases, being small for gestational age (SGA), cardiac and neurological malformations are the commonest concomitant conditions. SUMMARY Considering that children and adults with DSD may be at risk of several comorbidities a clear aetiological diagnosis will guide further management. To date, a firm diagnosis is not reached in over half of the cases of 46,XY DSD. Whilst it is likely that improved diagnostic resources will bridge this gap in the future, the next challenge to the clinical community will be to show that such advances will result in an improvement in clinical care.
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang Y, Workman S, Wilson M. The molecular pathways underlying early gonadal development. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 62:JME-17-0314. [PMID: 30042122 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The body of knowledge surrounding reproductive development spans the fields of genetics, anatomy, physiology and biomedicine, to build a comprehensive understanding of the later stages of reproductive development in humans and animal models. Despite this, there remains much to learn about the bi-potential progenitor structure that the ovary and testis arise from, known as the genital ridge (GR). This tissue forms relatively late in embryonic development and has the potential to form either the ovary or testis, which in turn produce hormones required for development of the rest of the reproductive tract. It is imperative that we understand the genetic networks underpinning GR development if we are to begin to understand abnormalities in the adult. This is particularly relevant in the contexts of disorders of sex development (DSDs) and infertility, two conditions that many individuals struggle with worldwide, with often no answers as to their aetiology. Here, we review what is known about the genetics of GR development. Investigating the genetic networks required for GR formation will not only contribute to our understanding of the genetic regulation of reproductive development, it may in turn open new avenues of investigation into reproductive abnormalities and later fertility issues in the adult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Yang
- Y Yang, Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Megan Wilson
- M Wilson , Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cools M, Nordenström A, Robeva R, Hall J, Westerveld P, Flück C, Köhler B, Berra M, Springer A, Schweizer K, Pasterski V. Caring for individuals with a difference of sex development (DSD): a Consensus Statement. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:415-429. [PMID: 29769693 PMCID: PMC7136158 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The term differences of sex development (DSDs; also known as disorders of sex development) refers to a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions affecting human sex determination and differentiation. Several reports highlighting suboptimal physical and psychosexual outcomes in individuals who have a DSD led to a radical revision of nomenclature and management a decade ago. Whereas the resulting recommendations for holistic, multidisciplinary care seem to have been implemented rapidly in specialized paediatric services around the world, adolescents often experience difficulties in finding access to expert adult care and gradually or abruptly cease medical follow-up. Many adults with a DSD have health-related questions that remain unanswered owing to a lack of evidence pertaining to the natural evolution of the various conditions in later life stages. This Consensus Statement, developed by a European multidisciplinary group of experts, including patient representatives, summarizes evidence-based and experience-based recommendations for lifelong care and data collection in individuals with a DSD across ages and highlights clinical research priorities. By doing so, we hope to contribute to improving understanding and management of these conditions by involved medical professionals. In addition, we hope to give impetus to multicentre studies that will shed light on outcomes and comorbidities of DSD conditions across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine Cools
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anna Nordenström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralitsa Robeva
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University-Sofia, Medical Faculty, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Christa Flück
- Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Paediatrics and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Köhler
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Berra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ramazzini Hospital, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alexander Springer
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katinka Schweizer
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vickie Pasterski
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kuroki S, Tachibana M. Epigenetic regulation of mammalian sex determination. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 468:31-38. [PMID: 29248548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression without changing the DNA sequence is governed by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic regulation is important for changing chromatin structure in response to environmental cues as well as maintaining chromatin structure after cell division. The epigenetic machinery can reversibly change chromatin function, allowing a wide variety of biological processes in multicellular organisms to be controlled. Epigenetic regulation ensures spatial and temporal accuracy of the expression of developmentally regulated genes. So far, few studies have focused on the relationship between epigenetic regulation and mammalian sex development, despite this being an interesting area of research. Sex development consists of three sequential stages: the undifferentiated stage, gonadal differentiation into testes or ovaries, and differentiation of internal and external genitalia. Some genetic studies have revealed that epigenetic regulation is required for proper gonadal differentiation in mice. Particularly, the epigenetic machinery plays an integral part in sex determination, which is the first step of gonadal differentiation. Mammalian sex determination is triggered by activation of the mammalian sex-determining gene, Sry, in a spatially and temporally accurate manner. Several studies have demonstrated that expression of Sry is controlled not only by specific transcription factors but also by the epigenetic machinery. Here, we focus on the epigenetic regulation of Sry expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kuroki
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Makoto Tachibana
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Igarashi M, Mizuno K, Kon M, Narumi S, Kojima Y, Hayashi Y, Ogata T, Fukami M. GATA4 mutations are uncommon in patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development without heart anomaly. Asian J Androl 2018; 20:629-631. [PMID: 29735817 PMCID: PMC6219307 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_20_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Igarashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mizuno
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kon
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hayashi
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu X, Li Z, Wang B, Zhu H, Liu Y, Qi J, Zhang Q. GATA4 is a transcriptional regulator of R-spondin1 in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Gene 2018; 648:68-75. [PMID: 29331483 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is a well-known transcription factor of the GATA family implicated in regulation of sex determination and gonadal development in mammals. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of Paralichthys olivaceus gata4 (Po-gata4). Phylogenetic, gene structure, and synteny analysis showed that Po-GATA4 is homologous to GATA4 of teleost and tetrapod. Po-gata4 transcripts were detected in Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, oogonia and oocytes, with higher transcript levels overall in the testis than the ovary. The promoter region of P. olivaceus R-spondin1was found to contain a GATA4-binding motif. Results of CBA (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence-based binding assay) indicated that GATA4 could indeed bind to the promoter sequence of R-spondin1. Moreover, human GATA4 recombinant protein could upregulate R-spondin1 in P. olivaceus ovary cells and FBCs (flounder brain cell line). In FBCs, overexpression of Po-gata4 resulted in elevated transcript levels of R-spondin1. Taken together, our results indicate that Po-GATA4 is involved in gonadal development by regulating R-spondin1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - He Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuezhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fukawa T, Kanayama HO. Current knowledge of risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors. Int J Urol 2018; 25:337-344. [PMID: 29345008 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of the human gonads is tightly regulated by the correct sequential expression of many genes and hormonal activity. Disturbance of this regulation does not only prevent proper development of the gonads, but it also contributes to the development of testicular germ cell tumors. Recent genetic studies, especially genome-wide association studies, have made great progress in understanding genetic susceptibility. Although there is strong evidence of inherited risks, many environmental factors also contribute to the development of testicular germ cell tumors. Histopathological studies have shown that most testicular germ cell tumors arise from germ cell neoplasia in situ, which is thought to be arrested and transformed primordial germ cells. Seminoma has features identical to germ cell neoplasia in situ or primordial germ cells, whereas non-seminoma shows varied differentiation. Seminomas and embryonic cell carcinomas have the feature of pluripotency, which is thought to be the cause of histological heterogeneity and mixed pathology in testicular germ cell tumors. Testicular germ cell tumors show high sensitivity to chemotherapies, but 20-30% of patients show resistance to standard chemotherapy. In the present review, the current knowledge of the epidemiological and genomic factors for the development of testicular germ cell tumors is reviewed, and the mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapies are briefly mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Fukawa
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiro-Omi Kanayama
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Laissue P. The molecular complexity of primary ovarian insufficiency aetiology and the use of massively parallel sequencing. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:170-180. [PMID: 28743519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a frequently occurring pathology, leading to infertility. Genetic anomalies have been described in POI and mutations in numerous genes have been definitively related to the pathogenesis of the disease. Some studies based on next generation sequencing (NGS) have been successfully undertaken as they have led to identify new mutations associated with POI aetiology. The purpose of this review is to present the most relevant molecules involved in diverse complex pathways, which may contribute towards POI. The main genes participating in bipotential gonad formation, sex determination, meiosis, folliculogenesis and ovulation are described to enable understanding how they may be considered putative candidates involved in POI. Considerations regarding NGS technical aspects such as design and data interpretation are mentioned. Successful NGS initiatives used for POI studying and future challenges are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Laissue
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Martinez de LaPiscina I, de Mingo C, Riedl S, Rodriguez A, Pandey AV, Fernández-Cancio M, Camats N, Sinclair A, Castaño L, Audi L, Flück CE. GATA4 Variants in Individuals With a 46,XY Disorder of Sex Development (DSD) May or May Not Be Associated With Cardiac Defects Depending on Second Hits in Other DSD Genes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:142. [PMID: 29670578 PMCID: PMC5893726 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of sex development (DSD) consist of a wide range of conditions involving numerous genes. Nevertheless, about half of 46,XY individuals remain genetically unsolved. GATA4 gene variants, mainly related to congenital heart defects (CHD), have also been recently associated with 46,XY DSD. In this study, we characterized three individuals presenting with 46,XY DSD with or without CHD and GATA4 variants in order to understand the phenotypical variability. We studied one patient presenting CHD and 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, and two patients with a history of genetically unsolved 46,XY DSD, also known as male primary hypogonadism. Mutation analysis was carried out by candidate gene approach or targeted gene panel sequencing. Functional activity of GATA4 variants was tested in vitro on the CYP17 promoter involved in sex development using JEG3 cells. We found two novel and one previously described GATA4 variants located in the N-terminal zinc finger domain of the protein. Cys238Arg variant lost transcriptional activity on the CYP17 promoter reporter, while Trp228Cys and Pro226Leu behaved similar to wild type. These results were in line with bioinformatics simulation studies. Additional DSD variations, in the LRP4 and LHCGR genes, respectively, were identified in the two 46,XY individuals without CHD. Overall, our study shows that human GATA4 mutations identified in patients with 46,XY DSD may or may not be associated with CHD. Possible explanations for phenotypical variability may comprise incomplete penetrance, variable sensitivity of partner genes, and oligogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Martinez de LaPiscina
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen de Mingo
- Pediatric Endocrinology, La Fe Pediatric University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stefan Riedl
- Division of Pediatric Pulmology, Allergology, and Endocrinology, St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amaia Rodriguez
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV/EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Amit V. Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mónica Fernández-Cancio
- Growth and Development Research, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Camats
- Growth and Development Research, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Sinclair
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luis Castaño
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV-EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Cruces University Hospital, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, UPV/EHU, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Laura Audi
- Growth and Development Research, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christa E. Flück
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christa E. Flück,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Júnior GAO, Perez BC, Cole JB, Santana MHA, Silveira J, Mazzoni G, Ventura RV, Júnior MLS, Kadarmideen HN, Garrick DJ, Ferraz JBS. Genomic study and Medical Subject Headings enrichment analysis of early pregnancy rate and antral follicle numbers in Nelore heifers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:4796-4812. [PMID: 29293733 PMCID: PMC6292327 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebu animals () are known to take longer to reach puberty compared with taurine animals (), limiting the supply of animals for harvest or breeding and impacting profitability. Genomic information can be a helpful tool to better understand complex traits and improve genetic gains. In this study, we performed a genomewide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with reproductive traits in Nelore beef cattle. Heifer pregnancy (HP) was recorded for 1,267 genotyped animals distributed in 12 contemporary groups (CG) with an average pregnancy rate of 0.35 (±0.01). Disregarding one of these CG, the number of antral follicles (NF) was also collected for 937 of these animals, with an average of 11.53 (±4.43). The animals were organized in CG: 12 and 11 for HP and NF, respectively. Genes in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the associated variants can be considered in a functional enrichment analysis to identify biological mechanisms involved in fertility. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were detected using the MESHR package, allowing the extraction of broad meanings from the gene lists provided by the GWAS. The estimated heritability for HP was 0.28 ± 0.07 and for NF was 0.49 ± 0.09, with the genomic correlation being -0.21 ± 0.29. The average LD between adjacent markers was 0.23 ± 0.01, and GWAS identified genomic windows that accounted for >1% of total genetic variance on chromosomes 5, 14, and 18 for HP and on chromosomes 2, 8, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 22 for NF. The MeSH enrichment analyses revealed significant ( < 0.05) terms associated with HP-"Munc18 Proteins," "Fucose," and "Hemoglobins"-and with NF-"Cathepsin B," "Receptors, Neuropeptide," and "Palmitic Acid." This is the first study in Nelore cattle introducing the concept of MeSH analysis. The genomic analyses contributed to a better understanding of the genetic control of the reproductive traits HP and NF and provide new selection strategies to improve beef production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. C. Perez
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - J. B. Cole
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | | | - J. Silveira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G. Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Systems Genomics, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R. V. Ventura
- Beef Improvement Opportunities, Guelph, ON N1K1E5, Canada
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | | | - H. N. Kadarmideen
- Section of Systems Genomics, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Eid W, Biason-Lauber A. Why boys will be boys and girls will be girls: Human sex development and its defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 108:365-379. [PMID: 28033664 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among the most defining events of an individual's life, is the development of a human embryo into male or a female. The phenotypic sex of an individual depends on the type of gonad that develops in the embryo, a process which itself is determined by the genetic setting of the individual. The development of the gonads is different from any other organ, as they possess the potential to differentiate into two functionally distinct organs, testes, or ovaries. Sex development can be divided into two distinctive processes, "sex determination," which is the commitment of the undifferentiated gonad into either a testis or an ovary, a process that is genetically programmed in a critically timed manner and "sex differentiation," which takes place through hormones produced by the gonads, once the developmental sex determination decision has been made. Disruption of any of the genes involved in either the testicular or ovarian development pathway could lead to disorders of sex development. In this review, we provide an insight into the factors important for sex determination, their antagonistic actions and whenever possible, references on the "prismatic" clinical cases are given. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:365-379, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Eid
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Anna Biason-Lauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Weng B, Ran M, Chen B, He C, Dong L, Peng F. Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNAs and their role in postnatal porcine testis development. Genomics 2017; 109:446-456. [PMID: 28746831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive and systematic understanding of the roles of lncRNAs in the postnatal development of the pig testis has still not been achieved. In the present study, we obtained more than one billion clean reads and identified 15,528 lncRNA transcripts; these transcripts included 5032 known and 10,496 novel porcine lncRNA transcripts and corresponded to 10,041 lncRNA genes. Pairwise comparisons identified 449 known and 324 novel lncRNAs that showed differential expression patterns. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the targeted genes were involved in metabolic pathways regulating testis development and spermatogenesis, such as the TGF-beta pathway, the PI3K-Akt pathway, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and the AMPK pathway. Using this information, we predicted some lncRNAs and coding gene pairs were predicted that may function in testis development and spermatogenesis; these are listed in detail. This study has provided the most comprehensive catalog to date of lncRNAs in the postnatal pig testis and will aid our understanding of their functional roles in testis development and spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Weng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Maoliang Ran
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lianhua Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fuzhi Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Strand-specific RNA sequencing in pig testes identifies developmentally regulated genes and circular RNAs. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
45
|
Yang B, Zhou W, Jiao J, Nielsen JB, Mathis MR, Heydarpour M, Lettre G, Folkersen L, Prakash S, Schurmann C, Fritsche L, Farnum GA, Lin M, Othman M, Hornsby W, Driscoll A, Levasseur A, Thomas M, Farhat L, Dubé MP, Isselbacher EM, Franco-Cereceda A, Guo DC, Bottinger EP, Deeb GM, Booher A, Kheterpal S, Chen YE, Kang HM, Kitzman J, Cordell HJ, Keavney BD, Goodship JA, Ganesh SK, Abecasis G, Eagle KA, Boyle AP, Loos RJF, Eriksson P, Tardif JC, Brummett CM, Milewicz DM, Body SC, Willer CJ. Protein-altering and regulatory genetic variants near GATA4 implicated in bicuspid aortic valve. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15481. [PMID: 28541271 PMCID: PMC5458508 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a heritable congenital heart defect and an important risk factor for valvulopathy and aortopathy. Here we report a genome-wide association scan of 466 BAV cases and 4,660 age, sex and ethnicity-matched controls with replication in up to 1,326 cases and 8,103 controls. We identify association with a noncoding variant 151 kb from the gene encoding the cardiac-specific transcription factor, GATA4, and near-significance for p.Ser377Gly in GATA4. GATA4 was interrupted by CRISPR-Cas9 in induced pluripotent stem cells from healthy donors. The disruption of GATA4 significantly impaired the transition from endothelial cells into mesenchymal cells, a critical step in heart valve development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jonas B. Nielsen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael R. Mathis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mahyar Heydarpour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada HIT 1C8
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1J4
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Siddharth Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Lars Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Gregory A. Farnum
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mohammad Othman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
| | - Whitney Hornsby
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Anisa Driscoll
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alexandra Levasseur
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Marc Thomas
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Linda Farhat
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada HIT 1C8
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1J4
| | - Eric M. Isselbacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Dong-chuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Erwin P. Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - G. Michael Deeb
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Anna Booher
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sachin Kheterpal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jacob Kitzman
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Bernard D. Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Judith A. Goodship
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kim A. Eagle
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alan P. Boyle
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada HIT 1C8
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1J4
| | - Chad M. Brummett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Simon C. Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang Y, Ai F, Zheng J, Peng B. Associations of GATA4 genetic mutations with the risk of congenital heart disease: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6857. [PMID: 28471988 PMCID: PMC5419936 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA4 gene is a cardiac transcriptional factor playing important role in cardiac formation and development. Three GATA4 gene mutations, 99 G>T, 487 C>T, and 354 A>C, have been reported in congenital heart disease (CHD). Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to explore the associations between 99 G>T, 487 C>T, or 354 A>C mutations and the risk of CHD. METHODS We searched the relevant studies in electronic databases, including ISI Science Citation Index, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, and Wan fang, from January 2006 to March 2016. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the associations between 99 G>T, 487 C>T, or 354 A>C mutations and the risk of CHD. RESULTS A total of 11 studies including 2878 CHD cases and 3339 controls were evaluated. There was no significant association between GATA4 99 G>T (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.74-2.01, P = .43) or 487 C>T (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.48-2.78, P = .74) mutations and the risk of CHD, whereas GATA4 354 A>C (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.15-1.93, P = .003) mutation was significantly associated with CHD risk. Subgroup analysis was further performed for GATA4 99 G>T, 487 C>T, and 354 A>C mutations based on sample size and ethnicity, and no significant association between GATA4 99 G>T or 487 C>T mutations and the risk of CHD was found in all subgroups, whereas GATA4 354 A>C mutation was significantly associated with CHD risk in large-sample-size and Asian subgroups. However, subgroup analysis by types of CHD indicated that there was no significant association between GATA4 354 A>C mutation and the risk of ventricular septal defects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that GATA4 99 G>T and 487 C>T mutations may not be related to the incidence of CHD. However, GATA4 354 A>C mutation was significantly associated with CHD risk.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The process of sexual differentiation is central for reproduction of almost all metazoan and therefore for maintenance of practically all multicellular organisms. In sex development we can distinguish two different processes: First, sex determination is the developmental decision that directs the undifferentiated embryo into a sexually dimorphic individual. In mammals, sex determination equals gonadal development. The second process known as sex differentiation takes place once the sex determination decision has been made through factors produced by the gonads that determine the development of the phenotypic sex. Most of the knowledge on the factors involved in sexual development came from animal models and from studies of cases in whom the genetic or the gonadal sex does not match the phenotypical sex, i.e., patients affected by disorders of sex development (DSD). Generally speaking, factors influencing sex determination are transcriptional regulators, whereas factors important for sex differentiation are secreted hormones and their receptors. This review focuses on the factors involved in gonadal determination, and whenever possible, references on the "prismatic" clinical cases are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Biason-Lauber
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. Mechanism of Sex Determination in Humans: Insights from Disorders of Sex Development. Sex Dev 2016; 10:313-325. [DOI: 10.1159/000452637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
49
|
Brauner R, Picard-Dieval F, Lottmann H, Rouget S, Bignon-Topalovic J, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. Familial forms of disorders of sex development may be common if infertility is considered a comorbidity. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:195. [PMID: 27899089 PMCID: PMC5129225 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Families with 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) have been reported, but they are considered to be exceptionally rare, with the exception of the familial forms of disorders affecting androgen synthesis or action. The families of some patients with anorchia may include individuals with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. We therefore analysed a large series of patients with 46,XY DSD or anorchia for the occurrence in their family of one of these phenotypes and/or ovarian insufficiency and/or infertility and/or cryptorchidism. METHODS A retrospective study chart review was performed for 114 patients with 46,XY DSD and 26 patients with 46,XY bilateral anorchia examined at a single institution over a 33 year period. RESULTS Of the 140 patients, 25 probands with DSD belonged to 21 families and 7 with anorchia belonged to 7 families. Familial forms represent 22% (25/114) of the 46,XY DSD and 27% (7/26) of the anorchia cases. No case had disorders affecting androgen synthesis or action or 5 α-reductase deficiency. The presenting symptom was genital ambiguity (n = 12), hypospadias (n = 11) or discordance between 46,XY karyotyping performed in utero to exclude trisomy and female external genitalia (n = 2) or anorchia (n = 7). Other familial affected individuals presented with DSD and/or premature menopause (4 families) or male infertility (4 families) and/or cryptorchidism. In four families mutations were identified in the genes SRY, NR5A1, GATA4 and FOG2/ZFPM2. Surgery discovered dysgerminoma or gonadoblastoma in two cases with gonadal dysgenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a surprisingly high frequency of familial forms of 46,XY DSD and anorchia when premature menopause or male factor infertility are included. It also demonstrates the variability of the expression of the phenotype within the families. It highlights the need to the physician to take a full family history including fertility status. This could be important to identify familial cases, understand modes of transmission of the phenotype and eventually understand the genetic factors that are involved.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Comorbidity
- Cryptorchidism/epidemiology
- Cryptorchidism/genetics
- Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/epidemiology
- Disorder of Sex Development, 46,XY/genetics
- Female
- France/epidemiology
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/epidemiology
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/genetics
- Heredity
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infertility, Female/epidemiology
- Infertility, Female/genetics
- Infertility, Male/epidemiology
- Infertility, Male/genetics
- Male
- Medical History Taking
- Pedigree
- Phenotype
- Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/epidemiology
- Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Testis/abnormalities
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Brauner
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Flavia Picard-Dieval
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Henri Lottmann
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de chirurgie viscérale pédiatrique, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Rouget
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hersmus R, van Bever Y, Wolffenbuttel KP, Biermann K, Cools M, Looijenga LHJ. The biology of germ cell tumors in disorders of sex development. Clin Genet 2016; 91:292-301. [PMID: 27716895 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Development of a malignant germ cell tumor, i.e., germ cell cancer (GCC) in individuals with disorders of sex development (DSD) depends on a number of (epi-)genetic factors related to early gonadal- and germ cell development, possibly related to genetic susceptibility. Fetal development of germ cells is orchestrated by strict processes involving specification, migration and the development of a proper gonadal niche. In this review we will discuss the early (epi-)genetic events in normal and aberrant germ cell and gonadal development. Focus will be on the formation of the precursor lesions of GCC in individuals who have DSD. In our view, expression of the different embryonic markers in, and epigenetic profile of the precursor lesions reflects the developmental stage in which these cells are blocked in their maturation. Therefore, these are not a primary pathogenetic driving force. Progression later in life towards a full blown cancer likely depends on additional factors such as a changed endocrine environment in a susceptible individual. Genetic susceptibility is, as evidenced by the presence of specific risk genetic variants (SNPs) in patients with a testicular GCC, related to genes involved in early germ cell and gonadal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remko Hersmus
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja P Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Biermann
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Cools
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|