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Adamoski D, M Dos Reis L, Mafra ACP, Corrêa-da-Silva F, Moraes-Vieira PMMD, Berindan-Neagoe I, Calin GA, Dias SMG. HuR controls glutaminase RNA metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5620. [PMID: 38965208 PMCID: PMC11224379 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase (GLS) is directly related to cell growth and tumor progression, making it a target for cancer treatment. The RNA-binding protein HuR (encoded by the ELAVL1 gene) influences mRNA stability and alternative splicing. Overexpression of ELAVL1 is common in several cancers, including breast cancer. Here we show that HuR regulates GLS mRNA alternative splicing and isoform translation/stability in breast cancer. Elevated ELAVL1 expression correlates with high levels of the glutaminase isoforms C (GAC) and kidney-type (KGA), which are associated with poor patient prognosis. Knocking down ELAVL1 reduces KGA and increases GAC levels, enhances glutamine anaplerosis into the TCA cycle, and drives cells towards glutamine dependence. Furthermore, we show that combining chemical inhibition of GLS with ELAVL1 silencing synergistically decreases breast cancer cell growth and invasion. These findings suggest that dual inhibition of GLS and HuR offers a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Adamoski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa M Dos Reis
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Paschoalini Mafra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Felipe Corrêa-da-Silva
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel Mendes de Moraes-Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Inference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhao H, Cheng X, Yan L, Mi F, Wang W, Hu Y, Liu X, Fan Y, Min Q, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wu Q, Zhan Q. APC/C-regulated CPT1C promotes tumor progression by upregulating the energy supply and accelerating the G1/S transition. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:283. [PMID: 38783346 PMCID: PMC11112774 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to functioning as a precise monitoring mechanism in cell cycle, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is reported to be involved in regulating multiple metabolic processes by facilitating the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of key enzymes. Fatty acid oxidation is a metabolic pathway utilized by tumor cells that is crucial for malignant progression; however, its association with APC/C remains to be explored. METHODS Cell cycle synchronization, immunoblotting, and propidium iodide staining were performed to investigate the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 C (CPT1C) expression manner. Proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to detect interactions between CPT1C and APC/C. Flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assays, cell-scratch assays, and transwell assays and xenograft transplantation assays were performed to investigate the role of CPT1C in tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissue microarray to evaluate the expression levels of CPT1C and explore its potential clinical value. RESULTS We identified CPT1C as a novel APC/C substrate. CPT1C protein levels exhibited cell cycle-dependent fluctuations, peaking at the G1/S boundary. Elevated CPT1C accelerated the G1/S transition, facilitating tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CPT1C enhanced fatty acid utilization, upregulated ATP levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species levels, thereby favoring cell survival in a harsh metabolic environment. Clinically, high CPT1C expression correlated with poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results revealed a novel interplay between fatty acid utilization and cell cycle machinery in tumor cells. Additionally, CPT1C promoted tumor cell proliferation and survival by augmenting cellular ATP levels and preserving redox homeostasis, particularly under metabolic stress. Therefore, CPT1C could be an independent prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Fang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qingjie Min
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qingnan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Soochow University Cancer Institute, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Li Q, Chen Y, Liu H, Tian Y, Yin G, Xie Q. Targeting glycolytic pathway in fibroblast-like synoviocytes for rheumatoid arthritis therapy: challenges and opportunities. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2155-2167. [PMID: 37940690 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperplastic synovium, pannus formation, immune cell infiltration, and potential articular cartilage damage. Notably, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), especially rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLS), exhibit specific overexpression of glycolytic enzymes, resulting in heightened glycolysis. This elevated glycolysis serves to generate ATP and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation, angiogenesis, and adaptation to hypoxia. Key glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructose-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), significantly contribute to the pathogenic behavior of RAFLS. This increased glycolysis activity is regulated by various signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to retrieve relevant studies published from January 1, 2010, to the present, focusing on RAFLS glycolysis, RA pathogenesis, glycolytic regulation pathways, and small-molecule drugs targeting glycolysis. CONCLUSION This review provides a thorough exploration of the pathological and physiological characteristics of three crucial glycolytic enzymes in RA. It delves into their putative regulatory mechanisms, shedding light on their significance in RAFLS. Furthermore, the review offers an up-to-date overview of emerging small-molecule candidate drugs designed to target these glycolytic enzymes and the upstream signaling pathways that regulate them. By enhancing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of RA and highlighting the pivotal role of glycolytic enzymes, this study contributes to the development of innovative anti-rheumatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunru Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Sarkar P, Misra S, Ghosal A, Mukherjee S, Ghosh A, Sundaram G. Glucose to lactate shift reprograms CDK-dependent mitotic decisions and its communication with MAPK Sty1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060145. [PMID: 37787465 PMCID: PMC10618596 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation in response to biochemical cues is a fundamental event associated with many diseases. The regulation of such responses in complex metabolic environments is poorly understood. This study reveals unknown aspects of the metabolic regulation of cell division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that changing the carbon source from glucose to lactic acid alters the functions of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Cdc2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Sty1, leading to unanticipated outcomes in the behavior and fate of such cells. Functional communication of Cdc2 with Sty1 is known to be an integral part of the cellular response to aberrant Cdc2 activity in S. pombe. Our results show that cross-talk between Cdc2 and Sty1, and the consequent Sty1-dependent regulation of Cdc2 activity, appears to be compromised and the relationship between Cdc2 activity and mitotic timing is also reversed in the presence of lactate. We also show that the biochemical status of cells under these conditions is an important determinant of the altered molecular functions mentioned above as well as the altered behavior of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Susmita Misra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Agamani Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | | | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
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Durante W. Glutamine Deficiency Promotes Immune and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7593. [PMID: 37108759 PMCID: PMC10144995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of almost 7 million people worldwide. While vaccinations and new antiviral drugs have greatly reduced the number of COVID-19 cases, there remains a need for additional therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease. Accumulating clinical data have discovered a deficiency of circulating glutamine in patients with COVID-19 that associates with disease severity. Glutamine is a semi-essential amino acid that is metabolized to a plethora of metabolites that serve as central modulators of immune and endothelial cell function. A majority of glutamine is metabolized to glutamate and ammonia by the mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase (GLS). Notably, GLS activity is upregulated in COVID-19, favoring the catabolism of glutamine. This disturbance in glutamine metabolism may provoke immune and endothelial cell dysfunction that contributes to the development of severe infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, vasospasm, and coagulopathy, which leads to vascular occlusion, multi-organ failure, and death. Strategies that restore the plasma concentration of glutamine, its metabolites, and/or its downstream effectors, in conjunction with antiviral drugs, represent a promising therapeutic approach that may restore immune and endothelial cell function and prevent the development of occlusive vascular disease in patients stricken with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Lapresa R, Agulla J, Bolaños JP, Almeida A. APC/C-Cdh1-targeted substrates as potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1086540. [PMID: 36588673 PMCID: PMC9794583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1086540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of dementia in the elderly. The disease has a high impact on individuals and their families and represents a growing public health and socio-economic burden. Despite this, there is no effective treatment options to cure or modify the disease progression, highlighting the need to identify new therapeutic targets. Synapse dysfunction and loss are early pathological features of Alzheimer's disease, correlate with cognitive decline and proceed with neuronal death. In the last years, the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) has emerged as a key regulator of synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. To this end, the ligase binds Cdh1, its main activator in the brain. However, inactivation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdh1 complex triggers dendrite disruption, synapse loss and neurodegeneration, leading to memory and learning impairment. Interestingly, oligomerized amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, which is involved in Alzheimer's disease onset and progression, induces Cdh1 phosphorylation leading to anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdh1 complex disassembly and inactivation. This causes the aberrant accumulation of several anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdh1 targets in the damaged areas of Alzheimer's disease brains, including Rock2 and Cyclin B1. Here we review the function of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdh1 dysregulation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, paying particular attention in the neurotoxicity induced by its molecular targets. Understanding the role of anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome-Cdh1-targeted substrates in Alzheimer's disease may be useful in the development of new effective disease-modifying treatments for this neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lapresa
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus Agulla
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P. Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,*Correspondence: Angeles Almeida,
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Yeo NJY, Wazny V, Nguyen NLU, Ng CY, Wu KX, Fan Q, Cheung CMG, Cheung C. Single-Cell Transcriptome of Wet AMD Patient-Derived Endothelial Cells in Angiogenic Sprouting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012549. [PMID: 36293401 PMCID: PMC9604336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a global leading cause of visual impairment in older populations. ‘Wet’ AMD, the most common subtype of this disease, occurs when pathological angiogenesis infiltrates the subretinal space (choroidal neovascularization), causing hemorrhage and retinal damage. Gold standard anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment is an effective therapy, but the long-term prevention of visual decline has not been as successful. This warrants the need to elucidate potential VEGF-independent pathways. We generated blood out-growth endothelial cells (BOECs) from wet AMD and normal control subjects, then induced angiogenic sprouting of BOECs using a fibrin gel bead assay. To deconvolute endothelial heterogeneity, we performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis on the sprouting BOECs, revealing a spectrum of cell states. Our wet AMD BOECs share common pathways with choroidal neovascularization such as extracellular matrix remodeling that promoted proangiogenic phenotype, and our ‘activated’ BOEC subpopulation demonstrated proinflammatory hallmarks, resembling the tip-like cells in vivo. We uncovered new molecular insights that pathological angiogenesis in wet AMD BOECs could also be driven by interleukin signaling and amino acid metabolism. A web-based visualization of the sprouting BOEC single-cell transcriptome has been created to facilitate further discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jia Ying Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Wazny
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Nhi Le Uyen Nguyen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Chun-Yi Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Kan Xing Wu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Qiao Fan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Correspondence: (C.M.G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Correspondence: (C.M.G.C.); (C.C.)
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8
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Dong X, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liang Z, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang B. Cytosolic Nuclear Sensor Dhx9 Controls Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation by p53-Mediated Pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896472. [PMID: 35720303 PMCID: PMC9203851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) critically participate in T cell maturation and selection for the establishment of immunity to foreign antigens and immune tolerance to self-antigens of T cells. It is well known that many intracellular and extracellular molecules elegantly have mastered the development of medullary TECs (mTECs) and cortical TECs (cTECs). However, the role played by NTP-dependent helicase proteins in TEC development is currently unclear. Herein, we created mice with a TEC-specific DExD/H-box helicase 9 (Dhx9) deletion (Dhx9 cKO) to study the involvement of Dhx9 in TEC differentiation and function. We found that a Dhx9 deficiency in TECs caused a significant decreased cell number of TECs, including mTECs and thymic tuft cells, accompanied by accelerated mTEC maturation but no detectable effect on cTECs. Dhx9-deleted mTECs transcriptionally expressed poor tissue-restricted antigen profiles compared with WT mTECs. Importantly, Dhx9 cKO mice displayed an impaired thymopoiesis, poor thymic T cell output, and they suffered from spontaneous autoimmune disorders. RNA-seq analysis showed that the Dhx9 deficiency caused an upregulated DNA damage response pathway and Gadd45, Cdkn1a, Cdc25, Wee1, and Myt1 expression to induce cell cycle arrest in mTECs. In contrast, the p53-dependent upregulated RANK-NF-κB pathway axis accelerated the maturation of mTECs. Our results collectively indicated that Dhx9, a cytosolic nuclear sensor recognizing viral DNA or RNA, played an important role in mTEC development and function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baojun Zhang, ; Yong Zhao,
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Baojun Zhang, ; Yong Zhao,
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9
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Lee JH, Mosher EP, Lee YS, Bumpus NN, Berger JM. Control of topoisomerase II activity and chemotherapeutic inhibition by TCA cycle metabolites. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:476-489.e6. [PMID: 34529934 PMCID: PMC8913808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (topo II) is essential for disentangling newly replicated chromosomes. DNA unlinking involves the physical passage of one duplex through another and depends on the transient formation of double-stranded DNA breaks, a step exploited by frontline chemotherapeutics to kill cancer cells. Although anti-topo II drugs are efficacious, they also elicit cytotoxic side effects in normal cells; insights into how topo II is regulated in different cellular contexts is essential to improve their targeted use. Using chemical fractionation and mass spectrometry, we have discovered that topo II is subject to metabolic control through the TCA cycle. We show that TCA metabolites stimulate topo II activity in vitro and that levels of TCA flux modulate cellular sensitivity to anti-topo II drugs in vivo. Our work reveals an unanticipated connection between the control of DNA topology and cellular metabolism, a finding with ramifications for the clinical use of anti-topo II therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce H Lee
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric P Mosher
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Namandjé N Bumpus
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James M Berger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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10
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Liu J, Peng Y, Wei W. Cell cycle on the crossroad of tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:30-44. [PMID: 34304958 PMCID: PMC8688170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrancy in cell cycle progression is one of the fundamental mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, making regulators of the cell cycle machinery rational anticancer therapeutic targets. A growing body of evidence indicates that the cell cycle regulatory pathway integrates into other hallmarks of cancer, including metabolism remodeling and immune escape. Thus, therapies against cell cycle machinery components can not only repress the division of cancer cells, but also reverse cancer metabolism and restore cancer immune surveillance. Besides the ongoing effects on the development of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of the cell cycle machinery, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have recently been used to target these oncogenic proteins related to cell cycle progression. Here, we discuss the rationale of cell cycle targeting therapies, particularly PROTACs, to more efficiently retard tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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11
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Han T, Wang P, Wang Y, Xun W, Lei J, Wang T, Lu Z, Gan M, Zhang W, Yu B, Wang JB. FAIM regulates autophagy through glutaminolysis in lung adenocarcinoma. Autophagy 2021; 18:1416-1432. [PMID: 34720024 PMCID: PMC9225548 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1987672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered glutamine metabolism is an important aspect of cancer metabolic reprogramming. The GLS isoform GAC (glutaminase C), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutaminolysis, plays a vital role in cancer initiation and progression. Our previous studies demonstrated that phosphorylation of GAC was essential for its high enzymatic activity. However, the molecular mechanisms for GAC in maintaining its high enzymatic activity and protein stability still need to be further clarified. FAIM/FAIM1 (Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule) is known as an important anti-apoptotic protein, but little is known about its function in tumorigenesis. Here, we found that knocking down FAIM induced macroautophagy/autophagy through suppressing the activation of the MTOR pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Further studies demonstrated that FAIM could promote the tetramer formation of GAC through increasing PRKCE/PKCε-mediated phosphorylation. What's more, FAIM also stabilized GAC through sequestering GAC from degradation by protease ClpXP. These effects increased the production of α-ketoglutarate, leading to the activation of MTOR. Besides, FAIM also promoted the association of ULK1 and MTOR and this further suppressed autophagy induction. These findings discovered new functions of FAIM and elucidated an important molecular mechanism for GAC in maintaining its high enzymatic activity and protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Han
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R.China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R.China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R.China
| | - Wenze Xun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R.China
| | - Jiapeng Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R.China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R.China
| | - Zhuo Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R.China
| | - Mingxi Gan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R.China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R.China
| | - Bentong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R.China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R.China
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12
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Hyperosmolarity Triggers the Warburg Effect in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells and Reveals a Reduced Mitochondria Horsepower. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060344. [PMID: 34073567 PMCID: PMC8226498 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are known to favor a glycolytic metabolism over oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), which takes place in mitochondria, to produce the energy and building blocks essential for cell maintenance and cell growth. This phenotypic property of tumor cells gives them several advantages over normal cells and is known as the Warburg effect. Tumors can be treated as a metabolic disease by targeting their bioenergetics capacity. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and calcium hydroxycitrate (HCA) are two drugs known to target the Warburg effect in tumor cells and hence induce the mitochondria for ATP production. However, tumor cells, known to have an increased flux through glycolysis, are not able to handle the activation of their mitochondria by drugs or any other condition, leading to decoupling of gene regulation. In this study, these drug effects were studied by mimicking an inflammatory condition through the imposition of a hyperosmotic condition in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which behave similarly to tumor cells. Indeed, CHO cells grown in high osmolarity conditions, using 200 mM mannitol, showed a pronounced Warburg effect phenotype. Our results show that hyperosmolar conditions triggered high-throughput glycolysis and enhanced glutaminolysis in CHO cells, such as during cancer cell proliferation in inflammatory tissue. Finally, we found that the hyperosmolar condition was correlated with increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) but mitochondrial horsepower seemed to vanish (h = Δp/ΔΨm), which may be explained by mitochondrial hyperfusion.
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13
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Ramanujan A, Bansal S, Guha M, Pande NT, Tiwari S. LxCxD motif of the APC/C coactivator subunit FZR1 is critical for interaction with the retinoblastoma protein. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112632. [PMID: 33971196 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma protein (pRB) regulates cell cycle by utilizing different regions of its pocket domain for interacting with E2F family of transcription factors and with cellular and viral proteins containing an LxCxE motif. An LxCxE-like motif, LxCxD, is present in FZR1, an adaptor protein of the multi-subunit E3 ligase complex anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The APC/CFZR1 complex regulates the timely degradation of multiple cell cycle proteins for mitotic exit and maintains G1 state. We report that FZR1 interacts with pRB via its LxCxD motif. By using point mutations, we found that the cysteine residue in the FZR1 LxCxD motif is critical for direct interaction with pRb. The direct binding of the LxCxD motif of FZR1 to the pRB LxCxE binding pocket is confirmed by using human papillomavirus protein E7 as a competitor, both in vitro and in vivo. While mutation of the cysteine residue significantly disrupts FZR1 interaction with pRB, this motif does not affect FZR1 and core APC/C association. Expression of the FZR1 point mutant results in accumulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), while p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 proteins are downregulated, indicating a G1 cell cycle defect. Consistently, cells containing point mutant FZR1 enter the S phase prematurely. Together our results suggest that the LxCxD motif of FZR1 is a critical determinant for the interaction between FZR1 and pRB and is important for G1 restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeena Ramanujan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Shivangee Bansal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Manalee Guha
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Nupur T Pande
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Swati Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Kapuy O, Makk-Merczel K, Szarka A. Therapeutic Approach of KRAS Mutant Tumours by the Combination of Pharmacologic Ascorbate and Chloroquine. Biomolecules 2021; 11:652. [PMID: 33925206 PMCID: PMC8146763 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect has been considered a potential therapeutic target to fight against cancer progression. In KRAS mutant cells, PKM2 (pyruvate kinase isozyme M2) is hyper-activated, and it induces GLUT1 expression; therefore, KRAS has been closely involved in the initiation of Warburg metabolism. Although mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), a well-known inhibitor of autophagy-dependent survival in physiological conditions, is also activated in KRAS mutants, many recent studies have revealed that autophagy becomes hyper-active in KRAS mutant cancer cells. In the present study, a mathematical model was built containing the main elements of the regulatory network in KRAS mutant cancer cells to explore the further possible therapeutic strategies. Our dynamical analysis suggests that the downregulation of KRAS, mTOR and autophagy are crucial in anti-cancer therapy. PKM2 has been assumed to be the key switch in the stress response mechanism. We predicted that the addition of both pharmacologic ascorbate and chloroquine is able to block both KRAS and mTOR pathways: in this case, no GLUT1 expression is observed, meanwhile autophagy, essential for KRAS mutant cancer cells, is blocked. Corresponding to our system biological analysis, this combined pharmacologic ascorbate and chloroquine treatment in KRAS mutant cancers might be a therapeutic approach in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Kinga Makk-Merczel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szarka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
- Biotechnology Model Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Mabate B, Daub CD, Malgas S, Edkins AL, Pletschke BI. Fucoidan Structure and Its Impact on Glucose Metabolism: Implications for Diabetes and Cancer Therapy. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19010030. [PMID: 33440853 PMCID: PMC7826564 DOI: 10.3390/md19010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidans are complex polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds which consist of considerable proportions of L-fucose and other monosaccharides, and sulphated ester residues. The search for novel and natural bioproduct drugs (due to toxicity issues associated with chemotherapeutics) has led to the extensive study of fucoidan due to reports of it having several bioactive characteristics. Among other fucoidan bioactivities, antidiabetic and anticancer properties have received the most research attention in the past decade. However, the elucidation of the fucoidan structure and its biological activity is still vague. In addition, research has suggested that there is a link between diabetes and cancer; however, limited data exist where dual chemotherapeutic efforts are elucidated. This review provides an overview of glucose metabolism, which is the central process involved in the progression of both diseases. We also highlight potential therapeutic targets and show the relevance of fucoidan and its derivatives as a candidate for both cancer and diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Mabate
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (B.M.); (C.D.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Chantal Désirée Daub
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (B.M.); (C.D.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (B.M.); (C.D.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa;
| | - Brett Ivan Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (B.M.); (C.D.D.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-46-603-8081; Fax: +27-46-603-7576
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16
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Liu J, Peng Y, Shi L, Wan L, Inuzuka H, Long J, Guo J, Zhang J, Yuan M, Zhang S, Wang X, Gao J, Dai X, Furumoto S, Jia L, Pandolfi PP, Asara JM, Kaelin WG, Liu J, Wei W. Skp2 dictates cell cycle-dependent metabolic oscillation between glycolysis and TCA cycle. Cell Res 2020; 31:80-93. [PMID: 32669607 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether glucose is predominantly metabolized via oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis differs between quiescent versus proliferating cells, including tumor cells. However, how glucose metabolism is coordinated with cell cycle in mammalian cells remains elusive. Here, we report that mammalian cells predominantly utilize the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in G1 phase, but prefer glycolysis in S phase. Mechanistically, coupling cell cycle with metabolism is largely achieved by timely destruction of IDH1/2, key TCA cycle enzymes, in a Skp2-dependent manner. As such, depleting SKP2 abolishes cell cycle-dependent fluctuation of IDH1 protein abundance, leading to reduced glycolysis in S phase. Furthermore, elevated Skp2 abundance in prostate cancer cells destabilizes IDH1 to favor glycolysis and subsequent tumorigenesis. Therefore, our study reveals a mechanistic link between two cancer hallmarks, aberrant cell cycle and addiction to glycolysis, and provides the underlying mechanism for the coupling of metabolic fluctuation with periodic cell cycle in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shuangxi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.,Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - William G Kaelin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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17
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Taddei ML, Pietrovito L, Leo A, Chiarugi P. Lactate in Sarcoma Microenvironment: Much More than just a Waste Product. Cells 2020; 9:E510. [PMID: 32102348 PMCID: PMC7072766 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous malignant tumors relatively resistant to radio- and chemotherapy. Sarcoma progression is deeply dependent on environmental conditions that sustain both cancer growth and invasive abilities. Sarcoma microenvironment is composed of different stromal cell types and extracellular proteins. In this context, cancer cells may cooperate or compete with stromal cells for metabolic nutrients to sustain their survival and to adapt to environmental changes. The strict interplay between stromal and sarcoma cells deeply affects the extracellular metabolic milieu, thus altering the behavior of both cancer cells and other non-tumor cells, including immune cells. Cancer cells are typically dependent on glucose fermentation for growth and lactate is one of the most heavily increased metabolites in the tumor bulk. Currently, lactate is no longer considered a waste product of the Warburg metabolism, but novel signaling molecules able to regulate the behavior of tumor cells, tumor-stroma interactions and the immune response. In this review, we illustrate the role of lactate in the strong acidity microenvironment of sarcoma. Really, in the biological context of sarcoma, where novel targeted therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes in combination with current therapies or as an alternative treatment, lactate targeting could be a promising approach to future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Taddei
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50142 Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrovito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50142 Firenze, Italy; (L.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Angela Leo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50142 Firenze, Italy; (L.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50142 Firenze, Italy; (L.P.); (A.L.)
- Tuscany Tumor Institute and “Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE”, 50134 Florence, Italy
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18
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Bansal S, Tiwari S. Mechanisms for the temporal regulation of substrate ubiquitination by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. Cell Div 2019; 14:14. [PMID: 31889987 PMCID: PMC6927175 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-019-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a multi-subunit, multifunctional ubiquitin ligase that controls the temporal degradation of numerous cell cycle regulatory proteins to direct the unidirectional cell cycle phases. Several different mechanisms contribute to ensure the correct order of substrate modification by the APC/C complex. Recent advances in biochemical, biophysical and structural studies of APC/C have provided a deep mechanistic insight into the working of this complex ubiquitin ligase. This complex displays remarkable conformational flexibility in response to various binding partners and post-translational modifications, which together regulate substrate selection and catalysis of APC/C. Apart from this, various features and modifications of the substrates also influence their recognition and affinity to APC/C complex. Ultimately, temporal degradation of substrates depends on the kind of ubiquitin modification received, the processivity of APC/C, and other extrinsic mechanisms. This review discusses our current understanding of various intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms responsible for 'substrate ordering' by the APC/C complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangee Bansal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Swati Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
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19
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Abdel-Wahab AF, Mahmoud W, Al-Harizy RM. Targeting glucose metabolism to suppress cancer progression: prospective of anti-glycolytic cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Loponte S, Lovisa S, Deem AK, Carugo A, Viale A. The Many Facets of Tumor Heterogeneity: Is Metabolism Lagging Behind? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1574. [PMID: 31623133 PMCID: PMC6826850 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor functional heterogeneity has been recognized for decades, and technological advancements are fueling renewed interest in uncovering the cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence tumor development and therapeutic response. Intratumoral heterogeneity is now arguably one of the most-studied topics in tumor biology, leading to the discovery of new paradigms and reinterpretation of old ones, as we aim to understand the profound implications that genomic, epigenomic, and functional heterogeneity hold with regard to clinical outcomes. In spite of our improved understanding of the biological complexity of cancer, characterization of tumor metabolic heterogeneity has lagged behind, lost in a century-old controversy debating whether glycolysis or mitochondrial respiration is more influential. But is tumor metabolism really so simple? Here, we review historical and current views of intratumoral heterogeneity, with an emphasis on summarizing the emerging data that begin to illuminate just how vast the spectrum of metabolic strategies a tumor can employ may be, and what this means for how we might interpret other tumor characteristics, such as mutational landscape, contribution of microenvironmental influences, and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Loponte
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Angela K Deem
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- TRACTION platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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21
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Rodríguez C, Sánchez-Morán I, Álvarez S, Tirado P, Fernández-Mayoralas DM, Calleja-Pérez B, Almeida Á, Fernández-Jaén A. A novel human Cdh1 mutation impairs anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome activity resulting in microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and epilepsy. J Neurochem 2019; 151:103-115. [PMID: 31318984 PMCID: PMC6851713 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Fizzy-related protein 1 (Fzr1) gene encodes Cdh1 protein, a coactivator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Previously, we found that genetic ablation of Fzr1 promotes the death of neural progenitor cells leading to neurogenesis impairment and microcephaly in mouse. To ascertain the possible translation of these findings in humans, we searched for mutations in the Fzr1 gene in 390 whole exomes sequenced in trio in individuals showing neurodevelopmental disorders compatible with a genetic origin. We found a novel missense (p.Asp187Gly) Fzr1 gene mutation (c.560A>G) in a heterozygous state in a 4-year-old boy, born from non-consanguineous Spanish parents, who presents with severe antenatal microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and refractory epilepsy. Cdh1 protein levels in leucocytes isolated from the patient were significantly lower than those found in his parents. Expression of the Asp187Gly mutant form of Cdh1 in human embryonic kidney 293T cells produced less Cdh1 protein and APC/C activity, resulting in altered cell cycle distribution when compared with cells expressing wild-type Cdh1. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the Asp187Gly mutant form of Cdh1 in cortical progenitor cells in primary culture failed to abolish the enlargement of the replicative phase caused by knockout of endogenous Cdh1. These results indicate that the loss of function of APC/C-Cdh1 caused by Cdh1 Asp187Gly mutation is a new cause of prenatal microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and severe epilepsy. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 8. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Morán
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Tirado
- Departamento de Neuropediatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel M Fernández-Mayoralas
- Departamento de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Calleja-Pérez
- Centro de Salud Doctor Cirajas, Servicio de Atención Primaria de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Almeida
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Departamento de Neurología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Kimata Y. APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase: Coupling Cellular Differentiation to G1/G0 Phase in Multicellular Systems. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:591-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Li JJ, Mao XH, Tian T, Wang WM, Su T, Jiang CH, Hu CY. Role of PFKFB3 and CD163 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Angiogenesis. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:410-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Hoerner CR, Chen VJ, Fan AC. The 'Achilles Heel' of Metabolism in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Glutaminase Inhibition as a Rational Treatment Strategy. KIDNEY CANCER 2019; 3:15-29. [PMID: 30854496 PMCID: PMC6400133 DOI: 10.3233/kca-180043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An important hallmark of cancer is 'metabolic reprogramming' or the rewiring of cellular metabolism to support rapid cell proliferation [1-5]. Metabolic reprogramming through oncometabolite-mediated transformation or activation of oncogenes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) globally impacts energy production as well as glucose and glutamine utilization in RCC cells, which can promote dependence on glutamine supply to support cell growth and proliferation [6, 7]. Novel inhibitors of glutaminase, a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism, target glutamine addiction as a viable treatment strategy in metastatic RCC (mRCC). Here, we review glutamine metabolic pathways and how changes in cellular glutamine utilization enable the progression of RCC. This overview provides scientific rationale for targeting this pathway in patients with mRCC. We will summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anti-tumor efficacy of glutaminase inhibitors in RCC, provide an overview of clinical efforts targeting glutaminase in mRCC, and review approaches for identifying biomarkers for patient stratification and detecting therapeutic response early on in patients treated with this novel class of anti-cancer drug. Ultimately, results of ongoing clinical trials will demonstrate whether glutaminase inhibition can be a worthy addition to the current armamentarium of drugs used for patients with mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Hoerner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Viola J Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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25
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Silva Morales M, Mueller D. Anergy into T regulatory cells: an integration of metabolic cues and epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 conserved non-coding sequence 2. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30613389 PMCID: PMC6305231 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16551.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral immune self-tolerance relies on protective mechanisms to control autoreactive T cells that escape deletion in the thymus. Suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes is necessary to avoid autoimmunity and immune cell–mediated damage of healthy tissues. An intriguing relationship has emerged between two mechanisms of peripheral tolerance—induction of anergy and Foxp3
+ regulatory T (Treg) cells—and is not yet well understood. A subpopulation of autoreactive anergic CD4 T cells is a precursor of Treg cells. We now hypothesize that phenotypic and mechanistic features of Treg cells can provide insights to understand the mechanisms behind anergy-derived Treg cell differentiation. In this short review, we will highlight several inherent similarities between the anergic state in conventional CD4 T cells as compared with fully differentiated natural Foxp3
+ Treg cells and then propose a model whereby modulations in metabolic programming lead to changes in DNA methylation at the Foxp3 locus to allow
Foxp3 expression following the reversal of anergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Silva Morales
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, and the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Daniel Mueller
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, and the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
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26
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de Guzzi Cassago CA, Dias MM, Pinheiro MP, Pasquali CC, Bastos ACS, Islam Z, Consonni SR, de Oliveira JF, Gomes EM, Ascenção CFR, Honorato R, Pauletti BA, Indolfo NDC, Filho HVR, de Oliveira PSL, Figueira ACM, Paes Leme AF, Ambrosio ALB, Dias SMG. Glutaminase Affects the Transcriptional Activity of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) via Direct Interaction. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6293-6307. [PMID: 30295466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate-activated glutaminases catalyze the deamidation of glutamine to glutamate and play key roles in several physiological and pathological processes. In humans, GLS encodes two multidomain splicing isoforms: KGA and GAC. In both isoforms, the canonical glutaminase domain is flanked by an N-terminal region that is folded into an EF-hand-like four-helix bundle. However, the splicing event replaces a well-structured three-repeat ankyrin domain in KGA with a shorter, unordered C-terminal stretch in GAC. The multidomain architecture, which contains putative protein-protein binding motifs, has led to speculation that glutaminases are involved in cellular processes other than glutamine metabolism; in fact, some proteins have been identified as binding partners of KGA and the isoforms of its paralogue gene, GLS2. Here, a yeast two-hybrid assay identified nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) as a new binding partner of the glutaminase. We show that KGA and GAC directly bind PPARγ with a low-micromolar dissociation constant; the interaction involves the N-terminal and catalytic domains of glutaminases as well as the ligand-binding domain of the nuclear receptor. The interaction occurs within the nucleus, and by sequestering PPARγ from its responsive element DR1, the glutaminases decreased nuclear receptor activity as assessed by a luciferase reporter assay. Altogether, our findings reveal an unexpected glutaminase-binding partner and, for the first time, directly link mitochondrial glutaminases to an unanticipated role in gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aparecida de Guzzi Cassago
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Marília Meira Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Matheus Pinto Pinheiro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Pasquali
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Alliny Cristiny Silva Bastos
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology , University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology , University of Campinas , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-872 , Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Emerson Machi Gomes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Carolline Fernanda Rodrigues Ascenção
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil.,Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology , University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Honorato
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Nathalia de Carvalho Indolfo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Helder Veras Ribeiro Filho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio Lopes de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Migliorini Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Berteli Ambrosio
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , Campinas , Sao Paulo 13083-970 , Brazil
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27
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Peyton KJ, Liu XM, Yu Y, Yates B, Behnammanesh G, Durante W. Glutaminase-1 stimulates the proliferation, migration, and survival of human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:204-214. [PMID: 30144404 PMCID: PMC6248344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glutaminase-1 (GLS1) is a mitochondrial enzyme found in endothelial cells (ECs) that metabolizes glutamine to glutamate and ammonia. Although glutaminolysis modulates the function of human umbilical vein ECs, it is not known whether these findings extend to human ECs beyond the fetal circulation. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism by which GLS1 regulates EC function is not defined. In this study, we show that the absence of glutamine in the culture media or the inhibition of GLS1 activity or expression blocked the proliferation and migration of ECs derived from the human umbilical vein, the human aorta, and the human microvasculature. GLS1 inhibition arrested ECs in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and this was associated with a significant decline in cyclin A expression. Restoration of cyclin A expression via adenoviral-mediated gene transfer improved the proliferative, but not the migratory, response of GLS1-inhibited ECs. Glutamine deprivation or GLS1 inhibition also stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species and this was associated with a marked decline in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. GLS1 inhibition also sensitized ECs to the cytotoxic effect of hydrogen peroxide and this was prevented by the overexpression of HO-1. In conclusion, the metabolism of glutamine by GLS1 promotes human EC proliferation, migration, and survival irrespective of the vascular source. While cyclin A contributes to the proliferative action of GLS1, HO-1 mediates its pro-survival effect. These results identify GLS1 as a promising therapeutic target in treating diseases associated with aberrant EC proliferation, migration, and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Peyton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Yajie Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Benjamin Yates
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Behnammanesh
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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28
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Siqueira JA, Hardoim P, Ferreira PCG, Nunes-Nesi A, Hemerly AS. Unraveling Interfaces between Energy Metabolism and Cell Cycle in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:731-747. [PMID: 29934041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oscillation in energy levels is widely variable in dividing and differentiated cells. To synchronize cell proliferation and energy fluctuations, cell cycle-related proteins have been implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial energy-generating pathways in yeasts and animals. Plants have chloroplasts and mitochondria, coordinating the cell energy flow. Recent findings suggest an integrated regulation of these organelles and the nuclear cell cycle. Furthermore, reports indicate a set of interactions between the cell cycle and energy metabolism, coordinating the turnover of proteins in plants. Here, we discuss how cell cycle-related proteins directly interact with energy metabolism-related proteins to modulate energy homeostasis and cell cycle progression. We provide interfaces between cell cycle and energy metabolism-related proteins that could be explored to maximize plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antonio Siqueira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil; These authors share first authorship
| | - Pablo Hardoim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil; These authors share first authorship
| | - Paulo C G Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Hemerly
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil.
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29
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Shen Y, Sherman JW, Chen X, Wang R. Phosphorylation of CDC25C by AMP-activated protein kinase mediates a metabolic checkpoint during cell-cycle G 2/M-phase transition. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5185-5199. [PMID: 29467227 PMCID: PMC5892595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From unicellular to multicellular organisms, cell-cycle progression is tightly coupled to biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the G1/S-phase transition as a key checkpoint where cells respond to their metabolic status and commit to replicating the genome. However, the mechanism underlying the coordination of metabolism and the G2/M-phase transition in mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we show that the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved cellular energy sensor, significantly delays mitosis entry. The cell-cycle G2/M-phase transition is controlled by mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase complex (CDC2-cyclin B), which is inactivated by WEE1 family protein kinases and activated by the opposing phosphatase CDC25C. AMPK directly phosphorylates CDC25C on serine 216, a well-conserved inhibitory phosphorylation event, which has been shown to mediate DNA damage–induced G2-phase arrest. The acute induction of CDC25C or suppression of WEE1 partially restores mitosis entry in the context of AMPK activation. These findings suggest that AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of CDC25C orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint for the cell-cycle G2/M-phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shen
- From the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and.,the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - John William Sherman
- From the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - Xuyong Chen
- From the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - Ruoning Wang
- From the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
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30
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Molecular Determinants of Malignant Brain Cancers: From Intracellular Alterations to Invasion Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122774. [PMID: 29261132 PMCID: PMC5751372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma cells invade the surrounding brain parenchyma, by migrating along the blood vessels, thus promoting cancer growth. The biological bases of these activities are grounded in profound alterations of the metabolism and the structural organization of the cells, which consequently acquire the ability to modify the surrounding microenvironment, by altering the extracellular matrix and affecting the properties of the other cells present in the brain, such as normal glial-, endothelial- and immune-cells. Most of the effects on the surrounding environment are probably exerted through the release of a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain many different classes of molecules, from genetic material to defined species of lipids and enzymes. EV-associated molecules can be either released into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and/or transferred to neighboring cells: as a consequence, both deep modifications of the recipient cell phenotype and digestion of ECM components are obtained, thus causing cancer propagation, as well as a general brain dysfunction. In this review, we first analyze the main intracellular and extracellular transformations required for glioma cell invasion into the brain parenchyma; then we discuss how these events may be attributed, at least in part, to EVs that, like the pawns of a dramatic chess game with cancer, open the way to the tumor cells themselves.
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31
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Wang J, Yin MZ, Zhao KW, Ke F, Jin WJ, Guo XL, Liu TH, Liu XY, Gu H, Yu XM, Li Z, Mu LL, Hong DL, Chen J, Chen GQ. APC/C is essential for hematopoiesis and impaired in aplastic anemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63360-63369. [PMID: 28968996 PMCID: PMC5609928 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is essential for cell cycle progression. Recently, its non-mitotic functions were also reported but less studied in several tissues including hematopoietic cells. Here, we developed an inducible Anapc2 (a core subunit of APC/C) knockout mice. The animals displayed a fatal bone marrow failure within 7 days after knockout induction. Their hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) demonstrated a sharp decline and could form little colony. Further, the results of BrdU label-retaining cell assay showed that the dormant HPSCs lost rapidly. Analysis of cell cycle regulators, Skp2, P27, Cdk2, and Cyclin E1, suggested that these quiescent stem cells underwent a shift from quiescence to mitosis followed by apoptosis. We next detected Anapc2-expression in the CD34+ HSPCs of patients with aplastic anemia. CD34+ cells were markedly decreased in the bone marrow and Anapc2-expression in the residual CD34+ cells was undetectable, suggesting that APC/C was deficient and might have a relationship with the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min-Zhi Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ke-Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Jie Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li-Li Mu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Deng-Li Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, 200025, China
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32
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MYC and HIF in shaping immune response and immune metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Baxter VK, Glowinski R, Braxton AM, Potter MC, Slusher BS, Griffin DE. Glutamine antagonist-mediated immune suppression decreases pathology but delays virus clearance in mice during nonfatal alphavirus encephalomyelitis. Virology 2017; 508:134-149. [PMID: 28531865 PMCID: PMC5510753 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Infection of weanling C57BL/6 mice with the TE strain of Sindbis virus (SINV) causes nonfatal encephalomyelitis associated with hippocampal-based memory impairment that is partially prevented by treatment with 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), a glutamine antagonist (Potter et al., J Neurovirol 21:159, 2015). To determine the mechanism(s) of protection, lymph node and central nervous system (CNS) tissues from SINV-infected mice treated daily for 1 week with low (0.3mg/kg) or high (0.6mg/kg) dose DON were examined. DON treatment suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in cervical lymph nodes resulting in reduced CNS immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and cell death compared to untreated SINV-infected mice. Production of SINV-specific antibody and interferon-gamma were also impaired by DON treatment with a delay in virus clearance. Cessation of treatment allowed activation of the antiviral immune response and viral clearance, but revived CNS pathology, demonstrating the ability of the immune response to mediate both CNS damage and virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K Baxter
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Rebecca Glowinski
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Alicia M Braxton
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Michelle C Potter
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Diane E Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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34
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Pasquali CC, Islam Z, Adamoski D, Ferreira IM, Righeto RD, Bettini J, Portugal RV, Yue WWY, Gonzalez A, Dias SMG, Ambrosio ALB. The origin and evolution of human glutaminases and their atypical C-terminal ankyrin repeats. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11572-11585. [PMID: 28526749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of tissue-specific enzyme activity and inhibition by catalytic products, Hans Krebs first demonstrated the existence of multiple glutaminases in mammals. Currently, two human genes are known to encode at least four glutaminase isoforms. However, the phylogeny of these medically relevant enzymes remains unclear, prompting us to investigate their origin and evolution. Using prokaryotic and eukaryotic glutaminase sequences, we built a phylogenetic tree whose topology suggested that the multidomain architecture was inherited from bacterial ancestors, probably simultaneously with the hosting of the proto-mitochondrion endosymbiont. We propose an evolutionary model wherein the appearance of the most active enzyme isoform, glutaminase C (GAC), which is expressed in many cancers, was a late retrotransposition event that occurred in fishes from the Chondrichthyes class. The ankyrin (ANK) repeats in the glutaminases were acquired early in their evolution. To obtain information on ANK folding, we solved two high-resolution structures of the ANK repeat-containing C termini of both kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) and GLS2 isoforms (glutaminase B and liver-type glutaminase). We found that the glutaminase ANK repeats form unique intramolecular contacts through two highly conserved motifs; curiously, this arrangement occludes a region usually involved in ANK-mediated protein-protein interactions. We also solved the crystal structure of full-length KGA and present a small-angle X-ray scattering model for full-length GLS2. These structures explain these proteins' compromised ability to assemble into catalytically active supra-tetrameric filaments, as previously shown for GAC. Collectively, these results provide information about glutaminases that may aid in the design of isoform-specific glutaminase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cristina Pasquali
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Douglas Adamoski
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Igor Monteze Ferreira
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.,the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Diogo Righeto
- the Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.,the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil, and
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- the Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Villares Portugal
- the Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Wyatt Wai-Yin Yue
- the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Gonzalez
- the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil,
| | - Andre Luis Berteli Ambrosio
- From the Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil,
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New Functions of APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase in the Nervous System and Its Role in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051057. [PMID: 28505105 PMCID: PMC5454969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) regulates important processes in cells, such as the cell cycle, by targeting a set of substrates for degradation. In the last decade, APC/C has been related to several major functions in the nervous system, including axon guidance, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival. Interestingly, some of the identified APC/C substrates have been related to neurodegenerative diseases. There is an accumulation of some degradation targets of APC/C in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains, which suggests a dysregulation of the protein complex in the disorder. Moreover, recently evidence has been provided for an inactivation of APC/C in AD. It has been shown that oligomers of the AD-related peptide, Aβ, induce degradation of the APC/C activator subunit cdh1, in vitro in neurons in culture and in vivo in the mouse hippocampus. Furthermore, in the AD mouse model APP/PS1, lower cdh1 levels were observed in pyramidal neurons in CA1 when compared to age-matched wildtype mice. In this review, we provide a complete list of APC/C substrates that are involved in the nervous system and we discuss their functions. We also summarize recent studies that show neurobiological effects in cdh1 knockout mouse models. Finally, we discuss the role of APC/C in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Takahashi S, Saegusa J, Sendo S, Okano T, Akashi K, Irino Y, Morinobu A. Glutaminase 1 plays a key role in the cell growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:76. [PMID: 28399896 PMCID: PMC5387190 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recent findings of cancer-specific metabolic changes, including increased glucose and glutamine consumption, have provided new therapeutic targets for consideration. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients exhibit several tumor cell-like characteristics; however, the role of glucose and glutamine metabolism in the aberrant proliferation of these cells is unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of these metabolic pathways in RA-FLS proliferation and in autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice. Methods The expression of glycolysis- or glutaminolysis-related enzymes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting, and the intracellular metabolites were evaluated by metabolomic analyses. The effects of glucose or glutamine on RA-FLS cell growth were investigated using glucose- or glutamine-free medium. Glutaminase (GLS)1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the GLS1 inhibitor compound 968 were used to inhibit GLS1 in RA-FLS, and compound 968 was used to study the effect of GLS1 inhibition in zymosan A-injected SKG mice. Results GLS1 expression was increased in RA-FLS, and metabolomic analyses revealed that glutamine metabolism was increased in RA-FLS. RA-FLS proliferation was reduced under glutamine-deprived, but not glucose-deprived, conditions. Cell growth of RA-FLS was inhibited by GLS1 siRNA transfection or GLS1 inhibitor treatment. Treating RA-FLS with either interleukin-17 or platelet-derived growth factor resulted in increased GLS1 levels. Compound 968 ameliorated the autoimmune arthritis and decreased the number of Ki-67-positive synovial cells in SKG mice. Conclusions Our results suggested that glutamine metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of RA and that GLS1 plays an important role in regulating RA-FLS proliferation, and may be a novel therapeutic target for RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1283-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Sho Sendo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takaichi Okano
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kengo Akashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Marmisolle I, Martínez J, Liu J, Mastrogiovanni M, Fergusson MM, Rovira II, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Moreno M, Cao L, Finkel T, Quijano C. Reciprocal regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and senescence in human fibroblasts involves oxidant mediated p38 MAPK activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 613:12-22. [PMID: 27983949 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to explore the fate of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in human fibroblasts exposed to DNA damaging agents capable of inducing senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest. Induction of premature senescence by doxorubicin or hydrogen peroxide led to a decrease in protein and mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in fatty-acid biosynthesis. ACC1 decay accompanied the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), and resulted in decreased lipid synthesis. A reduction in protein and mRNA levels of ACC1 and in lipid synthesis was also observed in human primary fibroblasts that underwent replicative senescence. We also explored the consequences of inhibiting fatty acid synthesis in proliferating non-transformed cells. Using shRNA technology, we knocked down ACC1 in human fibroblasts. Interestingly, this metabolic perturbation was sufficient to arrest proliferation and trigger the appearance of several markers of the DDR and increase senescence associated β-galactosidase activity. Reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase phosphorylation participated in the induction of senescence. Similar results were obtained upon silencing of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression. Together our results point towards a tight coordination of fatty acid synthesis and cell proliferation in human fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Marmisolle
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jennyfer Martínez
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María M Fergusson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilsa I Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Castro
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Laboratory for Vaccine Research, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Liu Cao
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Celia Quijano
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research and Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Fueling the Cell Division Cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:69-81. [PMID: 27746095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is a complex process with high energy demands. However, how cells regulate the generation of energy required for DNA synthesis and chromosome segregation is not well understood. Recent data suggest that changes in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis crosstalk with, and are tightly regulated by, the cell division machinery. Alterations in energy availability trigger cell-cycle checkpoints, suggesting a bidirectional connection between cell division and general metabolism. Some of these connections are altered in human disease, and their manipulation may help in designing therapeutic strategies for specific diseases including cancer. We review here recent studies describing the control of metabolism by the cell-cycle machinery.
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Kabe Y, Yamamoto T, Kajimura M, Sugiura Y, Koike I, Ohmura M, Nakamura T, Tokumoto Y, Tsugawa H, Handa H, Kobayashi T, Suematsu M. Cystathionine β-synthase and PGRMC1 as CO sensors. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:333-344. [PMID: 27565814 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a mono-oxygenase utilizing heme and molecular oxygen (O2) as substrates to generate biliverdin-IXα and carbon monoxide (CO). HO-1 is inducible under stress conditions, while HO-2 is constitutive. A balance between heme and CO was shown to regulate cell death and survival in many experimental models. However, direct molecular targets to which CO binds to regulate cellular functions remained to be fully examined. We have revealed novel roles of CO-responsive proteins, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), in regulating cellular functions. CBS possesses a prosthetic heme that allows CO binding to inhibit the enzyme activity and to regulate H2S generation and/or protein arginine methylation. On the other hand, in response to heme accumulation in cells, PGRMC1 forms a stable dimer through stacking interactions of two protruding heme molecules. Heme-mediated PGRMC1 dimerization is necessary to interact with EGF receptor and cytochromes P450 that determine cell proliferation and xenobiotic metabolism. Furthermore, CO interferes with PGRMC1 dimerization by dissociating the heme stacking, and thus results in modulation of cell responses. This article reviews the intriguing functions of these two proteins in response to inducible and constitutive levels of CO with their pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kajimura
- Department of Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikko Koike
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Ohmura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tokumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Admission Center, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Abstract
The resurgence of research into cancer metabolism has recently broadened interests beyond glucose and the Warburg effect to other nutrients, including glutamine. Because oncogenic alterations of metabolism render cancer cells addicted to nutrients, pathways involved in glycolysis or glutaminolysis could be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In this Review, we provide an updated overview of glutamine metabolism and its involvement in tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, and explore the recent potential applications of basic science discoveries in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zachary E. Stine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman
School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Protective Effects of Glutamine Antagonist 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-l-Norleucine in Mice with Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis. J Virol 2016; 90:9251-62. [PMID: 27489275 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01045-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Inflammation is a necessary part of the response to infection but can also cause neuronal injury in both infectious and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). A neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus (NSV) causes fatal paralysis in adult C57BL/6 mice during clearance of infectious virus from the CNS, and the virus-specific immune response is implicated as a mediator of neuronal damage. Previous studies have shown that survival is improved in T-cell-deficient mice and in mice with pharmacological inhibition of the inflammatory response and glutamate excitotoxicity. Because glutamine metabolism is important in the CNS for the generation of glutamate and in the immune system for lymphocyte proliferation, we tested the effect of the glutamine antagonist DON (6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine) on the outcome of NSV infection in mice. DON treatment for 7 days from the time of infection delayed the onset of paralysis and death. Protection was associated with reduced lymphocyte proliferation in the draining cervical lymph nodes, decreased leukocyte infiltration into the CNS, lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, and delayed viral clearance. In vitro studies showed that DON inhibited stimulus-induced proliferation of lymphocytes. When in vivo treatment with DON was stopped, paralytic disease developed along with the inflammatory response and viral clearance. These studies show that fatal NSV-induced encephalomyelitis is immune mediated and that antagonists of glutamine metabolism can modulate the immune response and protect against virus-induced neuroinflammatory disease. IMPORTANCE Encephalomyelitis due to infection with mosquito-borne alphaviruses is an important cause of death and of long-term neurological disability in those who survive infection. This study demonstrates the role of the virus-induced immune response in the generation of neurological disease. DON, a glutamine antagonist, inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes in response to infection, prevented the development of brain inflammation, and protected mice from paralysis and death during treatment. However, because DON inhibited the immune response to infection, clearance of the virus from the brain was also prevented. When treatment was stopped, the immune response was generated, brain inflammation occurred, virus was cleared, and mice developed paralysis and died. Therefore, more definitive treatment for alphaviral encephalomyelitis should inhibit virus replication as well as neuroinflammatory damage.
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Garcia-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Decoding Warburg's hypothesis: tumor-related mutations in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41582-99. [PMID: 26462158 PMCID: PMC4747175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Otto Warburg observed that cancer cells derived their energy from aerobic glycolysis by converting glucose to lactate. This mechanism is in opposition to the higher energy requirements of cancer cells because oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) produces more ATP from glucose. Warburg hypothesized that this phenomenon occurs due to the malfunction of mitochondria in cancer cells. The rediscovery of Warburg's hypothesis coincided with the discovery of mitochondrial tumor suppressor genes that may conform to Warburg's hypothesis along with the demonstrated negative impact of HIF-1 on PDH activity and the activation of HIF-1 by oncogenic signals such as activated AKT. This work summarizes the alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins that have been identified and their involvement in cancer. Also discussed is the fact that most of the mitochondrial mutations have been found in homoplasmy, indicating a positive selection during tumor evolution, thereby supporting their causal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Garcia-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Fuchsberger T, Martínez-Bellver S, Giraldo E, Teruel-Martí V, Lloret A, Viña J. Aβ Induces Excitotoxicity Mediated by APC/C-Cdh1 Depletion That Can Be Prevented by Glutaminase Inhibition Promoting Neuronal Survival. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31158. [PMID: 27514492 PMCID: PMC4981891 DOI: 10.1038/srep31158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is activated by the fizzy-related protein homolog/CDC20-like protein 1 (cdh1) in post-mitotic neurons. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of APC/C-Cdh1 is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show in neurons that oligomers of amyloid beta (Aβ), a peptide related to Alzheimer’s disease, cause proteasome-dependent degradation of cdh1. This leads to a subsequent increase in glutaminase (a degradation target of APC/C-Cdh1), which causes an elevation of glutamate levels and further intraneuronal Ca2+ dysregulation, resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Glutaminase inhibition prevents glutamate excitotoxicity and apoptosis in Aβ treated neurons. Furthermore, glutamate also decreases cdh1 and leads to accumulation of glutaminase, suggesting that there may be a positive feedback loop of cdh1 inactivation. We confirmed the main findings in vivo using microinjection of either Aβ or glutamate in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. We show here for the first time in vivo that both Aβ and glutamate cause nuclear exclusion of cdh1 and an increase in glutaminase. These results show that maintaining normal APC/C-Cdh1 activity may be a useful target in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fuchsberger
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Bellver
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Avda. Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - E Giraldo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - V Teruel-Martí
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Lloret
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Loda M. Challenging Roadblocks to Cancer Cure. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4924-30. [PMID: 27520451 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Pezcoller Symposium in Trento, Italy, June 2015, focused entirely on the question of why advanced cancer cure is so uncommon despite the extraordinarily rapid growth of invaluable therapeutic information. Participants were asked to define and to critically evaluate real and potential obstacles to permanent disease eradication. High-level concepts on potential road blocks to cures as well as opportunities for intervention in diverse areas of investigation ranging from genomic alterations to metabolism, microenvironment, immunity, and mechanotransduction were discussed. Provocative concepts and novel therapeutic avenues were proposed. What follows is a critical analysis of the highlights of this meeting. Cancer Res; 76(17); 4924-30. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
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Kaplon J, van Dam L, Peeper D. Two-way communication between the metabolic and cell cycle machineries: the molecular basis. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:2022-32. [PMID: 26038996 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cellular metabolism and the cell cycle machinery is by no means unidirectional. The ability of a cell to enter the cell cycle critically depends on the availability of metabolites. Conversely, the cell cycle machinery commits to regulating metabolic networks in order to support cell survival and proliferation. In this review, we will give an account of how the cell cycle machinery and metabolism are interconnected. Acquiring information on how communication takes place among metabolic signaling networks and the cell cycle controllers is crucial to increase our understanding of the deregulation thereof in disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaplon
- a Division of Molecular Oncology; The Netherlands Cancer Institute ; Amsterdam ; The Netherlands
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Lv Y, Zhang B, Zhai C, Qiu J, Zhang Y, Yao W, Zhang C. PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis is involved in reactive astrocyte proliferation after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion and is regulated by Cdh1. Neurochem Int 2015; 91:26-33. [PMID: 26498254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrocyte proliferation is involved in many central degenerative diseases. The enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isoform 3 (PFKFB3), an allosteric activator of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK1), controls glycolytic flux. Furthermore, APC/C-Cdh1 plays a crucial role in brain metabolism by regulating PFKFB3 expression. Previous studies have defined the roles of PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis in pathological angiogenesis, cell autophagy, and amyloid plaque deposition in proliferating cells. However, the role of PFKFB3 in reactive astrocyte proliferation after cerebral ischemia is unknown. In this study, we cultured rat primary cortical astrocytes and established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model to mimic cerebral ischemia in vivo. Astrocyte proliferation was measured by western blotting for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and by EdU incorporation. We found that OGD/R up-regulated PFKFB3 and PFK1 expression, which was accompanied by reactive astrocyte proliferation. Knockdown of PFKFB3 by siRNA transfection significantly inhibited reactive astrocyte proliferation and lactate release, an indicator of glycolysis. We found that PFKFB3 and PFK1 expression were down-regulated and lactate release was decreased when OGD/R-induced astrocyte proliferation was inhibited by a Cdh1-expressing lentivirus. Thus, reactive astrocyte proliferation can be effectively suppressed by down-regulation of PFKFB3 through control of glycolytic flux, which is downstream of APC/C-Cdh1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunchun Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Antoniadi G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Malate dehydrogenase-2 inhibitor LW6 promotes metabolic adaptations and reduces proliferation and apoptosis in activated human T-cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1959-1966. [PMID: 26640580 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated T cells rely on aerobic glycolysis and glutaminolysis in order to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells. Therefore, intervention in these metabolic pathways inhibits proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Krebs' cycle inhibition at the level of malate dehydrogenase-2 (MDH2) in human activated T cells using the MDH2 inhibitor LW6. Activated T cells from healthy volunteers were cultured in the presence or absence of LW6 and cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, c-Myc, p53, cleaved caspase-3 and certain enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and glutaminolysis were evaluated. The results revealed that LW6 was not toxic and decreased apoptosis and the levels of the pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor p53. In addition, LW6 inhibited T-cell proliferation and decreased the levels of c-Myc, HIF-1α, glucose transporter-1, hexokinase-II, lactate dehydrogenase-A and phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase. By contrast, LW6 increased the levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase. These alterations may lead to decreased production of pyruvate, which preferentially enters into the Krebs' cycle. Furthermore, LW6 decreased the levels of glutaminase-2, while increasing those of glutaminase-1, which may preserve glutaminolysis, and possibly pyruvate-malate cycling, potentially protecting the cells from energy collapse. In summary, the inhibition of MDH2 in activated T cells abrogates proliferation without adversely affecting cell survival. Adaptations of cellular glucose and glutamine metabolism may prevent energy collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41110, Greece
| | - Georgia Antoniadi
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41110, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41110, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41110, Greece
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Stine ZE, Walton ZE, Altman BJ, Hsieh AL, Dang CV. MYC, Metabolism, and Cancer. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:1024-39. [PMID: 26382145 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 872] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The MYC oncogene encodes a transcription factor, MYC, whose broad effects make its precise oncogenic role enigmatically elusive. The evidence to date suggests that MYC triggers selective gene expression amplification to promote cell growth and proliferation. Through its targets, MYC coordinates nutrient acquisition to produce ATP and key cellular building blocks that increase cell mass and trigger DNA replication and cell division. In cancer, genetic and epigenetic derangements silence checkpoints and unleash MYC's cell growth- and proliferation-promoting metabolic activities. Unbridled growth in response to deregulated MYC expression creates dependence on MYC-driven metabolic pathways, such that reliance on specific metabolic enzymes provides novel targets for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE MYC's expression and activity are tightly regulated in normal cells by multiple mechanisms, including a dependence upon growth factor stimulation and replete nutrient status. In cancer, genetic deregulation of MYC expression and loss of checkpoint components, such as TP53, permit MYC to drive malignant transformation. However, because of the reliance of MYC-driven cancers on specific metabolic pathways, synthetic lethal interactions between MYC overexpression and specific enzyme inhibitors provide novel cancer therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary E Stine
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zandra E Walton
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian J Altman
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Annie L Hsieh
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chi V Dang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Rahimi H, Ahmadzadeh A, Yousef-amoli S, Kokabee L, Shokrgozar MA, Mahdian R, Karimipoor M. The expression pattern of APC2 and APC7 in various cancer cell lines and AML patients. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:259-63. [PMID: 26046517 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaphase promoting complex (APC/C) is an E3 ligase enzyme, which ubiquinates various proteins involved in the cell cycle. This protein complex may have a pivotal role in the cell cycle control affecting pathological conditions such as cancer. APC7 and APC2 subunits of the APC/C complex are involved in the substrate recognition and the catalytic reaction, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, quantitative Real-time PCR was used to analyse APC2 and APC7 expression in different cancer cell lines as well as AML patient's blood cells. RESULTS The results showed that APC2 and APC7 subunits were both over expressed in cancer cell lines (p=0.008). The mean expression ratio of APC2 and APC7 in different cancer cells were 2.60±0.22 and 4.83±0.11, respectively. An increase in expression of APC2 and APC7 was seen among 12 out of 14 AML patients (85%). There was a significant positive correlation between APC2 upregulation and the detection of splenomegaly in the patients (r=0.808, p=0.001). CONCLUSION This was the first study suggesting that APC/C upregulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and can be used as a molecular biomarker to predict the progression and the prognosis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Rahimi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadzadeh
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Shafa Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shamseddin Yousef-amoli
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Kokabee
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mortaza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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