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Li R, Sone N, Gotoh S, Sun X, Hagood JS. Contemporary and emerging technologies for research in children's rare and interstitial lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:2349-2359. [PMID: 37204232 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although recent decades have seen the identification, classification and discovery of the genetic basis of many children's interstitial and rare lung disease (chILD) disorders, detailed understanding of pathogenesis and specific therapies are still lacking for most of them. Fortunately, a revolution of technological advancements has created new opportunities to address these critical knowledge gaps. High-throughput sequencing has facilitated analysis of transcription of thousands of genes in thousands of single cells, creating tremendous breakthroughs in understanding normal and diseased cellular biology. Spatial techniques allow analysis of transcriptomes and proteomes at the subcellular level in the context of tissue architecture, in many cases even in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. Gene editing techniques allow creation of "humanized" animal models in a shorter time frame, for improved knowledge and preclinical therapeutic testing. Regenerative medicine approaches and bioengineering advancements facilitate the creation of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into tissue-specific cell types which can be studied in multicellular "organoids" or "organ-on-a-chip" approaches. These technologies, singly and in combination, are already being applied to gain new biological insights into chILD disorders. The time is ripe to systematically apply these technologies to chILD, together with sophisticated data science approaches, to improve both biological understanding and disease-specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UC-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Naoyuki Sone
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, UC-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James S Hagood
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonology Division, Program for Rare and Interstitial Lung Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Adegunsoye A, Kropski JA, Behr J, Blackwell TS, Corte TJ, Cottin V, Glanville AR, Glassberg MK, Griese M, Hunninghake GM, Johannson KA, Keane MP, Kim JS, Kolb M, Maher TM, Oldham JM, Podolanczuk AJ, Rosas IO, Martinez FJ, Noth I, Schwartz DA. Genetics and Genomics of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Charting the Molecular Landscape and Shaping Precision Medicine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:401-423. [PMID: 38573068 PMCID: PMC11351799 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202401-0238so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic and genomic advancements have elucidated the complex etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), emphasizing the contribution of heritable factors. This state-of-the-art review synthesizes evidence on significant genetic contributors to pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including rare genetic variants and common SNPs. The MUC5B promoter variant is unusual, a common SNP that markedly elevates the risk of early and established PF. We address the utility of genetic variation in enhancing understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes, improving disease definitions, and informing prognosis and treatment response. Critical research gaps are highlighted, particularly the underrepresentation of non-European ancestries in PF genetic studies and the exploration of PF phenotypes beyond usual interstitial pneumonia/IPF. We discuss the role of telomere length, often critically short in PF, and its link to progression and mortality, underscoring the genetic complexity involving telomere biology genes (TERT, TERC) and others like SFTPC and MUC5B. In addition, we address the potential of gene-by-environment interactions to modulate disease manifestation, advocating for precision medicine in PF. Insights from gene expression profiling studies and multiomic analyses highlight the promise for understanding disease pathogenesis and offer new approaches to clinical care, therapeutic drug development, and biomarker discovery. Finally, we discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomic research and therapies in PF, stressing the need for sound practices and informed clinical genetic discussions. Looking forward, we advocate for comprehensive genetic testing panels and polygenic risk scores to improve the management of PF and related ILDs across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Adegunsoye
- Pulmonary/Critical Care, and
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Juergen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tamera J. Corte
- Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases (OrphaLung), Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, ERN-LUNG (European Reference Network on Rare Respiratory Diseases), Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard University Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Allan R. Glanville
- Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marilyn K. Glassberg
- Department of Medicine, Loyola Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Gary M. Hunninghake
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael P. Keane
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John S. Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toby M. Maher
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin M. Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Fernando J. Martinez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Imre Noth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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3
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Murthy A, Rodriguez LR, Dimopoulos T, Bui S, Iyer S, Chavez K, Tomer Y, Abraham V, Cooper C, Renner DM, Katzen JB, Bentley ID, Ghadiali SN, Englert JA, Weiss SR, Beers MF. Activation of alveolar epithelial ER stress by β-coronavirus infection disrupts surfactant homeostasis in mice: implications for COVID-19 respiratory failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L232-L249. [PMID: 38860845 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00324.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by acute lung injury, hypoxemic respiratory failure, and high mortality. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells are essential for gas exchange, repair, and regeneration of distal lung epithelium. We have shown that the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and other members of the β-coronavirus genus induce an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in vitro; however, the consequences for host AT2 cell function in vivo are less understood. To study this, two murine models of coronavirus infection were used-mouse hepatitis virus-1 (MHV-1) in A/J mice and a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain. MHV-1-infected mice exhibited dose-dependent weight loss with histological evidence of distal lung injury accompanied by elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts and total protein. AT2 cells showed evidence of both viral infection and increased BIP/GRP78 expression, consistent with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The AT2 UPR included increased inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) signaling and a biphasic response in PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling accompanied by marked reductions in AT2 and BALF surfactant protein (SP-B and SP-C) content, increases in surfactant surface tension, and emergence of a reprogrammed epithelial cell population (Krt8+ and Cldn4+). The loss of a homeostatic AT2 cell state was attenuated by treatment with the IRE1α inhibitor OPK-711. As a proof-of-concept, C57BL6 mice infected with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated similar lung injury and evidence of disrupted surfactant homeostasis. We conclude that lung injury from β-coronavirus infection results from an aberrant host response, activating multiple AT2 UPR stress pathways, altering surfactant metabolism/function, and changing AT2 cell state, offering a mechanistic link between SARS-CoV-2 infection, AT2 cell biology, and acute respiratory failure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by hypoxemic respiratory failure and high mortality. In this report, we use two murine models to show that β-coronavirus infection produces acute lung injury, which results from an aberrant host response, activating multiple epithelial endoplasmic reticular stress pathways, disrupting pulmonary surfactant metabolism and function, and forcing emergence of an aberrant epithelial transition state. Our results offer a mechanistic link between SARS-CoV-2 infection, AT2 cell biology, and respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Murthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Luis R Rodriguez
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Thalia Dimopoulos
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sarah Bui
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Swati Iyer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Katrina Chavez
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Valsamma Abraham
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Charlotte Cooper
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - David M Renner
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeremy B Katzen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ian D Bentley
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Samir N Ghadiali
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Joshua A Englert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Susan R Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Penn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Deng J, Liu J, Chen W, Liang Q, He Y, Sun G. Effects of Natural Products through Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Attenuation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1627-1650. [PMID: 38774483 PMCID: PMC11108075 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s388920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With ever-increasing intensive studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), significant progresses have been made. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)/unfolded protein reaction (UPR) is associated with the development and progression of IPF, and targeting ERS/UPR may be beneficial in the treatment of IPF. Natural product is a tremendous source of new drug discovery, and accumulating studies have reported that many natural products show potential therapeutic effects for IPF via modulating one or more branches of the ERS signaling pathway. Therefore, this review focuses on critical roles of ERS in IPF development, and summarizes herbal preparations and bioactive compounds which protect against IPF through regulating ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiuLing Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - WanSheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuQiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - GuangChun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
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Bo C, Liu F, Zhang Z, Du Z, Xiu H, Zhang Z, Li M, Zhang C, Jia Q. Simvastatin attenuates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats via the AMPK-NOX pathway. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:224. [PMID: 38720270 PMCID: PMC11080310 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simvastatin (Sim), a hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, has been widely used in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have suggested that Sim exerts anti-fibrotic effects by interfering fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. This study was to determine whether Sim could alleviate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The rat model of silicosis was established by the tracheal perfusion method and treated with Sim (5 or 10 mg/kg), AICAR (an AMPK agonist), and apocynin (a NOX inhibitor) for 28 days. Lung tissues were collected for further analyses including pathological histology, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and the AMPK-NOX pathway. RESULTS Sim significantly reduced silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis at 28 days after administration. Sim could reduce the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 in lung tissues. The expressions of hydroxyproline, α-SMA and vimentin were down-regulated, while E-cad was increased in Sim-treated rats. In addition, NOX4, p22pox, p40phox, p-p47phox/p47phox expressions and ROS levels were all increased, whereas p-AMPK/AMPK was decreased in silica-induced rats. Sim or AICAR treatment could notably reverse the decrease of AMPK activity and increase of NOX activity induced by silica. Apocynin treatment exhibited similar protective effects to Sim, including down-regulating of oxidative stress and inhibition of the EMT process and inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSIONS Sim attenuates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by downregulating EMT and oxidative stress through the AMPK-NOX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxiang Bo
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Guangzhou Huaxia Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haidi Xiu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenling Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Caiqing Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Province's Second General Hospital (Shandong Province ENT Hospital), Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Cabrera S, García-Vicente Á, Gutiérrez P, Sánchez A, Gaxiola M, Rodríguez-Bobadilla C, Selman M, Pardo A. Increased ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response Activation in Epithelial and Inflammatory Cells in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:289-307. [PMID: 38725414 PMCID: PMC11107439 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241251915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Several types of cytotoxic insults disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, cause ER stress, and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The role of ER stress and UPR activation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) has not been described. HP is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease that develops following repeated inhalation of various antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the lung expression and localization of the key effectors of the UPR, BiP/GRP78, CHOP, and sXBP1 in HP patients compared with control subjects. Furthermore, we developed a mouse model of HP to determine whether ER stress and UPR pathway are induced during this pathogenesis. In human control lungs, we observed weak positive staining for BiP in some epithelial cells and macrophages, while sXBP1 and CHOP were negative. Conversely, strong BiP, sXBP1- and CHOP-positive alveolar and bronchial epithelial, and inflammatory cells were identified in HP lungs. We also found apoptosis and autophagy markers colocalization with UPR proteins in HP lungs. Similar results were obtained in lungs from an HP mouse model. Our findings suggest that the UPR pathway is associated with the pathogenesis of HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Ángeles García-Vicente
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Pamela Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Andrea Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, México
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Bobadilla
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, México
| | - Annie Pardo
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis, Unidad de Biopatología Pulmonar, Ciencias-INER, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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Bärnthaler T, Ramachandra AB, Ebanks S, Guerrera N, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Humphrey JD, Manning EP. Developmental changes in lung function of mice are independent of sex as a biological variable. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L627-L637. [PMID: 38375577 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00120.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) in mice includes biomechanical assessment of lung function relevant to physiology in health and its alteration in disease, hence, it is frequently used in preclinical modeling of human lung pathologies. Despite numerous reports of PFT in mice of various ages, there is a lack of reference data for developing mice collected using consistent methods. Therefore, we profiled PFTs in male and female C57BL/6J mice from 2 to 23 wk of age, providing reference values for age- and sex-dependent changes in mouse lung biomechanics during development and young adulthood. Although males and females have similar weights at birth, females weigh significantly less than males after 5 wk of age (P < 0.001) with largest weight gain observed between 3 and 8 wk in females and 3 and 13 wk in males, after which weight continued to increase more slowly up to 23 wk of age. Lung function parameters including static compliance and inspiratory capacity also increased rapidly between 3 and 8 wk in female and male mice, with male mice having significantly greater static compliance and inspiratory capacity than female mice (P < 0.001). Although these parameters appear higher in males at a given age, allometric scaling showed that static compliance and inspiratory compliance were comparable between the two sexes. This suggests that differences in measurements of lung function are likely body weight-based rather than sex-based. We expect these data to facilitate future lung disease research by filling a critical knowledge gap in our field.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides reference values for changes in mouse lung biomechanics from 2 to 23 wk of age. There are rapid developmental changes in lung structure and function of male and female mice between the ages of 3 and 8 wk. Male mice become noticeably heavier than female mice at or about 5 wk of age. We identified that differences in normal lung function measurements are likely weight-based, not sex-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bärnthaler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Abhay B Ramachandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Sadè Ebanks
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Nicole Guerrera
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Yale Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Edward P Manning
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
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8
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Le Saux CJ, Ho TC, Brumwell AM, Kathiriya JJ, Wei Y, Hughes JWB, Garakani K, Atabai K, Auyeung VC, Papa FR, Chapman HA. BCL-2 Modulates IRE1α Activation to Attenuate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:247-258. [PMID: 38117250 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0109oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BCL-2 family members are known to be implicated in survival in numerous biological settings. Here, we provide evidence that in injury and repair processes in lungs, BCL-2 mainly acts to attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and limit extracellular matrix accumulation. Days after an intratracheal bleomycin challenge, mice lose a fraction of their alveolar type II epithelium from terminal ER stress driven by activation of the critical ER sensor and stress effector IRE1α. This fraction is dramatically increased by BCL-2 inhibition, because IRE1α activation is dependent on its physical association with the BCL-2-proapoptotic family member BAX, and we found BCL-2 to disrupt this association in vitro. In vivo, navitoclax (a BCL-2/BCL-xL inhibitor) given 15-21 days after bleomycin challenge evoked strong activation of IRE-1α in mesenchymal cells and markers of ER stress, but not apoptosis. Remarkably, after BCL-2 inhibition, bleomycin-exposed mice demonstrated persistent collagen accumulation at Day 42, compared with resolution in controls. Enhanced fibrosis proved to be due to the RNAase activity of IRE1α downregulating MRC2 mRNA and protein, a mediator of collagen turnover. The critical role of MRC2 was confirmed in precision-cut lung slice cultures of Day-42 lungs from bleomycin-exposed wild-type and MRC2 null mice. Soluble and tissue collagen accumulated in precision-cut lung slice cultures from navitoclax-treated, bleomycin-challenged mice compared with controls, in a manner nearly identical to that of challenged but untreated MRC2 null mice. Thus, apart from mitochondrial-based antiapoptosis, BCL-2 functions to attenuate ER stress responses, fostering tissue homeostasis and injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Jourdan Le Saux
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Tsung Che Ho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Alexis M Brumwell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Jaymin J Kathiriya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Ying Wei
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | | | - Kiana Garakani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Vincent C Auyeung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Ferroz R Papa
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
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9
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Staab-Weijnitz CA. A NEAT Discovery Hints at Altered Golgi Signaling in Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:155-156. [PMID: 38060429 PMCID: PMC10914770 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0384ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity and Comprehensive Pneumology Center Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Member of the German Center for Lung Research Munich, Germany
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10
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Mohanan A, Washimkar KR, Mugale MN. Unraveling the interplay between vital organelle stress and oxidative stress in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119676. [PMID: 38242330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, leading to irreversible fibrosis. Emerging evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial stress, and oxidative stress pathways play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of IPF. ER stress occurs when the protein folding capacity of the ER is overwhelmed, triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) and contributing to protein misfolding and cellular stress in IPF. Concurrently, mitochondrial dysfunction involving dysregulation of key regulators, including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and impairs cellular energy metabolism. This leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, release of pro-fibrotic mediators, and activation of fibrotic pathways, exacerbating IPF progression. The UPR-induced ER stress further disrupts mitochondrial metabolism, resulting in altered mitochondrial mechanisms that increase the generation of ROS, resulting in further ER stress, creating a feedback loop that contributes to the progression of IPF. Oxidative stress also plays a pivotal role in IPF, as ROS-mediated activation of TGF-β, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways promotes inflammation and fibrotic responses. This review mainly focuses on the links between ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and oxidative stress with different signaling pathways involved in IPF. Understanding these mechanisms and targeting key molecules within these pathways may offer promising avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Mohanan
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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11
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Hosseinzadeh A, Pourhanifeh MH, Amiri S, Sheibani M, Irilouzadian R, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Therapeutic potential of melatonin in targeting molecular pathways of organ fibrosis. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:25-50. [PMID: 37995089 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the excessive deposition of fibrous connective tissue in an organ in response to injury, is a pathological condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Fibrosis causes the failure of tissue function and is largely irreversible as the disease progresses. Pharmacologic treatment options for organ fibrosis are limited, but studies suggest that antioxidants, particularly melatonin, can aid in preventing and controlling fibrotic damage to the organs. Melatonin, an indole nocturnally released from the pineal gland, is commonly used to regulate circadian and seasonal biological rhythms and is indicated for treating sleep disorders. While it is often effective in treating sleep disorders, melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties also make it a promising molecule for treating other disorders such as organ fibrosis. Melatonin ameliorates the necrotic and apoptotic changes that lead to fibrosis in various organs including the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. Moreover, melatonin reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells during fibrosis development. This article outlines the protective effects of melatonin against fibrosis, including its safety and potential therapeutic effects. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of data accumulated to date and to encourage further experimentation with melatonin and increase its use as an anti-fibrotic agent in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shiva Amiri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Irilouzadian
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Jiang Y, Chen R, Xu S, Ding Y, Zhang M, Bao M, He B, Li S. Endocrine and metabolic factors and the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1321576. [PMID: 38260151 PMCID: PMC10801027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1321576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous observational studies have investigated the association between endocrine and metabolic factors and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet have produced inconsistent results. Therefore, it is imperative to employ the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method to conduct a more comprehensive investigation into the impact of endocrine and metabolic factors on IPF. Methods The instrumental variables (IVs) for 53 endocrine and metabolic factors were sourced from publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases, with GWAS summary statistics pertaining to IPF employed as the dependent variables. Causal inference analysis encompassed the utilization of three methods: inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger. Sensitivity analysis incorporated the implementation of MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out techniques to identify potential pleiotropy and outliers. The presence of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity was evaluated through the MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q statistic, respectively. Results The IVW method results reveal correlations between 11 traits and IPF. After correcting for multiple comparisons, seven traits remain statistically significant. These factors include: "Weight" (OR= 1.44; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.78; P=8.71×10-4), "Body mass index (BMI)" (OR= 1.35; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.62; P=1×10-3), "Whole body fat mass" (OR= 1.40; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.74; P=1.72×10-3), "Waist circumference (WC)" (OR= 1.54; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.05; P=3.08×10-3), "Trunk fat mass (TFM)" (OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.10,1.65; P=3.45×10-3), "Body fat percentage (BFP)" (OR= 1.55; 95% CI: 1.15,2.08; P=3.86×10-3), "Apoliprotein B (ApoB)" (OR= 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65,0.93; P=5.47×10-3). Additionally, the sensitivity analysis results confirmed the reliability of the MR results. Conclusion The present study identified causal relationships between seven traits and IPF. Specifically, ApoB exhibited a negative impact on IPF, while the remaining six factors demonstrated a positive impact. These findings offer novel insights into the underlying etiopathological mechanisms associated with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Rumeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengling Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Meihua Bao
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Binsheng He
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Dai B, Liu S, Shen W, Chen L, Zhou Q, Han L, Zhang Q, Shan L. Role of SYVN1 in the control of airway remodeling in asthma protection by promoting SIRT2 ubiquitination and degradation. Biol Res 2023; 56:64. [PMID: 38041162 PMCID: PMC10693155 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogenous disease that characterized by airway remodeling. SYVN1 (Synoviolin 1) acts as an E3 ligase to mediate the suppression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through ubiquitination and degradation. However, the role of SYVN1 in the pathogenesis of asthma is unclear. RESULTS In the present study, an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model was used to evaluate the effect of SYVN1 on asthma. An increase in SYVN1 expression was observed in the lungs of mice after OVA induction. Overexpression of SYVN1 attenuated airway inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition induced by OVA. The increased ER stress-related proteins and altered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were also inhibited by SYVN1 in vivo. Next, TGF-β1-induced bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were used to induce EMT process in vitro. Results showed that TGF-β1 stimulation downregulated the expression of SYVN1, and SYVN1 overexpression prevented ER stress response and EMT process in TGF-β1-induced cells. In addition, we identified that SYVN1 bound to SIRT2 and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation. SIRT2 overexpression abrogated the protection of SYVN1 on ER stress and EMT in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SYVN1 suppresses ER stress through the ubiquitination and degradation of SIRT2 to block EMT process, thereby protecting against airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Wenxin Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Qianlan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Qinzhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lishen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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14
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Wang F, Ting C, Riemondy KA, Douglas M, Foster K, Patel N, Kaku N, Linsalata A, Nemzek J, Varisco BM, Cohen E, Wilson JA, Riches DW, Redente EF, Toivola DM, Zhou X, Moore BB, Coulombe PA, Omary MB, Zemans RL. Regulation of epithelial transitional states in murine and human pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e165612. [PMID: 37768734 PMCID: PMC10645382 DOI: 10.1172/jci165612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from impaired regeneration of the alveolar epithelium after injury. During regeneration, type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) assume a transitional state that upregulates multiple keratins and ultimately differentiate into AEC1s. In IPF, transitional AECs accumulate with ineffectual AEC1 differentiation. However, whether and how transitional cells cause fibrosis, whether keratins regulate transitional cell accumulation and fibrosis, and why transitional AECs and fibrosis resolve in mouse models but accumulate in IPF are unclear. Here, we show that human keratin 8 (KRT8) genetic variants were associated with IPF. Krt8-/- mice were protected from fibrosis and accumulation of the transitional state. Keratin 8 (K8) regulated the expression of macrophage chemokines and macrophage recruitment. Profibrotic macrophages and myofibroblasts promoted the accumulation of transitional AECs, establishing a K8-dependent positive feedback loop driving fibrogenesis. Finally, rare murine transitional AECs were highly senescent and basaloid and may not differentiate into AEC1s, recapitulating the aberrant basaloid state in human IPF. We conclude that transitional AECs induced and were maintained by fibrosis in a K8-dependent manner; in mice, most transitional cells and fibrosis resolved, whereas in human IPF, transitional AECs evolved into an aberrant basaloid state that persisted with progressive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Ting
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent A. Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael Douglas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Nisha Patel
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jean Nemzek
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian M. Varisco
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erez Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Wilson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David W.H. Riches
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diana M. Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, and InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pierre A. Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and
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15
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Hosokawa M, Mikawa R, Hagiwara A, Okuno Y, Awaya T, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi S, Yamaki H, Osawa M, Setoguchi Y, Saito MK, Abe S, Hirai T, Gotoh S, Hagiwara M. Cryptotanshinone is a candidate therapeutic agent for interstitial lung disease associated with a BRICHOS-domain mutation of SFTPC. iScience 2023; 26:107731. [PMID: 37701577 PMCID: PMC10494175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a large group of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs, for which therapeutic options are limited. Among several causative genes of familial ILD with autosomal dominant inheritance, the mutations in the BRICHOS domain of SFTPC cause protein accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress by misfolding its proprotein. Through a screening system using these two phenotypes in HEK293 cells and evaluation using alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we identified Cryptotanshinone (CPT) as a potential therapeutic agent for ILD. CPT decreased cell death induced by mutant SFTPC overexpression in A549 and HEK293 cells and ameliorated the bleomycin-induced contraction of the matrix in fibroblast-dependent alveolar organoids derived from iPSCs with SFTPC mutation. CPT and this screening strategy can apply to abnormal protein-folding-associated ILD and other protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Hosokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryuta Mikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okuno
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Senye Takahashi
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Setoguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Tokyo, Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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16
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Han S, Budinger GS, Gottardi CJ. Alveolar epithelial regeneration in the aging lung. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170504. [PMID: 37843280 PMCID: PMC10575730 DOI: 10.1172/jci170504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is the most important risk factor for the development of and mortality from acute and chronic lung diseases, including pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. This risk was manifest during the COVID-19 pandemic, when elderly people were disproportionately affected and died from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. However, the recent pandemic also provided lessons on lung resilience. An overwhelming majority of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, even those with severe disease, recovered with near-complete restoration of lung architecture and function. These observations are inconsistent with historic views of the lung as a terminally differentiated organ incapable of regeneration. Here, we review emerging hypotheses that explain how the lung repairs itself after injury and why these mechanisms of lung repair fail in some individuals, particularly the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungHye Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Tomos I, Roussis I, Matthaiou AM, Dimakou K. Molecular and Genetic Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Where Are We Now? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2796. [PMID: 37893169 PMCID: PMC10604739 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease of unknown cause with an ominous prognosis. It remains an unprecedent clinical challenge due to its delayed diagnosis and unpredictable clinical course. The need for accurate diagnostic, prognostic and predisposition biomarkers in everyday clinical practice becomes more necessary than ever to ensure prompt diagnoses and early treatment. The identification of such blood biomarkers may also unravel novel drug targets against IPF development and progression. So far, the role of diverse blood biomarkers, implicated in various pathogenetic pathways, such as in fibrogenesis (S100A4), extracellular matrix remodelling (YKL-40, MMP-7, ICAM-1, LOXL2, periostin), chemotaxis (CCL-18, IL-8), epithelial cell injury (KL-6, SP-A, SP-D), autophagy and unfolded protein response has been investigated in IPF with various results. Moreover, the recent progress in genetics in IPF allows for a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. So far, the causative mutations in pulmonary fibrosis include mutations in telomere-related genes and in surfactant-related genes, markers that could act as predisposition biomarkers in IPF. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview from the bench to bedside of current knowledge and recent insights on biomarkers in IPF, and to suggest future directions for research. Large-scale studies are still needed to confirm the exact role of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tomos
- 5th Department of Respiratory Medicine, ‘SOTIRIA’ Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.R.); (A.M.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Ioannis Roussis
- 5th Department of Respiratory Medicine, ‘SOTIRIA’ Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.R.); (A.M.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Andreas M. Matthaiou
- 5th Department of Respiratory Medicine, ‘SOTIRIA’ Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.R.); (A.M.M.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, 714 09 Heraklion, Greece
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Dimakou
- 5th Department of Respiratory Medicine, ‘SOTIRIA’ Chest Diseases Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.R.); (A.M.M.); (K.D.)
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18
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Khedoe PPSJ, van Schadewijk WAAM, Schwiening M, Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Marciniak SJ, Stolk J, Gosens R, Hiemstra PS. Cigarette smoke restricts the ability of mesenchymal cells to support lung epithelial organoid formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1165581. [PMID: 37795260 PMCID: PMC10546195 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1165581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate lung epithelial repair relies on supportive interactions within the epithelial niche, including interactions with WNT-responsive fibroblasts. In fibroblasts from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or upon in vitro cigarette smoke exposure, Wnt/β-catenin signalling is distorted, which may affect interactions between epithelial cells and fibroblasts resulting in inadequate lung repair. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke (CS), the main risk factor for COPD, interferes with Wnt/β-catenin signalling in fibroblasts through induction of cellular stress responses, including oxidative- and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and thereby alters epithelial repair support potential. Therefore, we assessed the effect of CS-exposure and the ER stress inducer Thapsigargin (Tg) on Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation in MRC-5 fibroblasts, and on their ability to support lung epithelial organoid formation. Exposure of MRC-5 cells for 15 min with 5 AU/mL CS extract (CSE), and subsequent 6 h incubation induced oxidative stress (HMOX1). Whereas stimulation with 100 nM Tg increased markers of both the integrated stress response (ISR - GADD34/PPP1R15A, CHOP) and the unfolded protein response (UPR - XBP1spl, GADD34/PPP1R15A, CHOP and HSPA5/BIP), CSE only induced GADD34/PPP1R15A expression. Strikingly, although treatment of MRC-5 cells with the Wnt activator CHIR99021 upregulated the Wnt/β-catenin target gene AXIN2, this response was diminished upon CSE or Tg pre-exposure, which was confirmed using a Wnt-reporter. Furthermore, pre-exposure of MRC-5 cells to CSE or Tg, restricted their ability to support organoid formation upon co-culture with murine pulmonary EpCam+ cells in Matrigel at day 14. This restriction was alleviated by pre-treatment with CHIR99021. We conclude that exposure of MRC-5 cells to CSE increases oxidative stress, GADD34/PPP1R15A expression and impairs their ability to support organoid formation. This inhibitory effect may be restored by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. P. S. J. Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - M. Schwiening
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. Ng-Blichfeldt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S. J. Marciniak
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J. Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R. Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - P. S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Lim K, Rutherford EN, Sun D, Van den Boomen DJH, Edgar JR, Bang JH, Matesic LE, Lee JH, Lehner PJ, Marciniak SJ, Rawlins EL, Dickens JA. A novel human fetal lung-derived alveolar organoid model reveals mechanisms of surfactant protein C maturation relevant to interstitial lung disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555522. [PMID: 37693487 PMCID: PMC10491189 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells maintain lung health by acting as stem cells and producing pulmonary surfactant1-3. AT2 dysfunction underlies many lung diseases including interstitial lung disease (ILD), in which some inherited forms result from mislocalisation of surfactant protein C (SFTPC) variants4,5. Disease modelling and dissection of mechanisms remains challenging due to complexities in deriving and maintaining AT2 cells ex vivo. Here, we describe the development of expandable adult AT2-like organoids derived from human fetal lung which are phenotypically stable, can differentiate into AT1-like cells and are genetically manipulable. We use these organoids to test key effectors of SFTPC maturation identified in a forward genetic screen including the E3 ligase ITCH, demonstrating that their depletion phenocopies the pathological SFTPC redistribution seen for the SFTPC-I73T variant. In summary, we demonstrate the development of a novel alveolar organoid model and use it to identify effectors of SFTPC maturation necessary for AT2 health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungtae Lim
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | | | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Current address: Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dick J H Van den Boomen
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University, LHRRB building, 45 Shattuck Street, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jae Hak Bang
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Lydia E Matesic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Road, Trumpington, CB2 0AY
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Road, Trumpington, CB2 0AY
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20
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Furukawa T, Akaike K, Iyama S, Masunaga A, Tomita Y, Saeki S, Ichiyasu H, Sakagami T. Interstitial Lung Disease in Adulthood Associated with Surfactant Protein C Gene Mutation in a Patient with a History of Lipoid Pneumonia in Infancy. Intern Med 2023; 62:2521-2525. [PMID: 36642519 PMCID: PMC10518537 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0980-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the surfactant protein C gene (SFTPC) are responsible for hereditary interstitial lung disease (ILD), which is a rare disease. We herein report a patient with a clinical history of endogenous lipoid pneumonia in infancy who developed diffuse progressive pulmonary fibrosis in adulthood associated with SFTPC mutations. A surgical lung biopsy and genetic sequencing revealed fibrotic interstitial pneumonia and two SFTPC mutations (c.215G>A and c.578C>A). Based on these findings, we diagnosed the series of lung diseases as sporadic ILD caused by SFTPC mutations. Physicians should suggest genetic sequencing in patients with early-onset ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguhiro Furukawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto Chuo Hospital, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Akaike
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shinji Iyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Aiko Masunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sho Saeki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichiyasu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
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21
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Enomoto Y, Katsura H, Fujimura T, Ogata A, Baba S, Yamaoka A, Kihara M, Abe T, Nishimura O, Kadota M, Hazama D, Tanaka Y, Maniwa Y, Nagano T, Morimoto M. Autocrine TGF-β-positive feedback in profibrotic AT2-lineage cells plays a crucial role in non-inflammatory lung fibrogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4956. [PMID: 37653024 PMCID: PMC10471635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been extensively investigated to identify new therapeutic targets. Although anti-inflammatory treatments are not effective for patients with IPF, damaged alveolar epithelial cells play a critical role in lung fibrogenesis. Here, we establish an organoid-based lung fibrosis model using mouse and human lung tissues to assess the direct communication between damaged alveolar type II (AT2)-lineage cells and lung fibroblasts by excluding immune cells. Using this in vitro model and mouse genetics, we demonstrate that bleomycin causes DNA damage and activates p53 signaling in AT2-lineage cells, leading to AT2-to-AT1 transition-like state with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Among SASP-related factors, TGF-β plays an exclusive role in promoting lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Moreover, the autocrine TGF-β-positive feedback loop in AT2-lineage cells is a critical cellular system in non-inflammatory lung fibrogenesis. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of IPF and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Enomoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Katsura
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimura
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Drug Modality Development, Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-1-35 Saitoaokita, Minoh, 562-0029, Japan
| | - Akira Ogata
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Saori Baba
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaoka
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Miho Kihara
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering (LARGE), RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering (LARGE), RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Kadota
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hazama
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Maniwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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22
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Parimon T, Chen P, Stripp BR, Liang J, Jiang D, Noble PW, Parks WC, Yao C. Senescence of alveolar epithelial progenitor cells: a critical driver of lung fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C483-C495. [PMID: 37458437 PMCID: PMC10511168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis comprises a range of chronic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) that impose a significant burden on patients and public health. Among these, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a disease of aging, is the most common and most severe form of ILD and is treated largely by lung transplantation. The lack of effective treatments to stop or reverse lung fibrosis-in fact, fibrosis in most organs-has sparked the need to understand causative mechanisms with the goal of identifying critical points for potential therapeutic intervention. Findings from many groups have indicated that repeated injury to the alveolar epithelium-where gas exchange occurs-leads to stem cell exhaustion and impaired alveolar repair that, in turn, triggers the onset and progression of fibrosis. Cellular senescence of alveolar epithelial progenitors is a critical cause of stemness failure. Hence, senescence impairs repair and thus contributes significantly to fibrosis. In this review, we discuss recent evidence indicating that senescence of epithelial progenitor cells impairs alveolar homeostasis and repair creating a profibrotic environment. Moreover, we discuss the impact of senescent alveolar epithelial progenitors, alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, and AT2-derived transitional epithelial cells in fibrosis. Emerging evidence indicates that transitional epithelial cells are prone to senescence and, hence, are a new player involved in senescence-associated lung fibrosis. Understanding the complex interplay of cell types and cellular regulatory factors contributing to alveolar epithelial progenitor senescence will be crucial to developing targeted therapies to mitigate their downstream profibrotic sequelae and to promote normal alveolar repair.NEW & NOTEWORTHY With an aging population, lung fibrotic diseases are becoming a global health burden. Dysfunctional repair of the alveolar epithelium is a key causative process that initiates lung fibrosis. Normal alveolar regeneration relies on functional progenitor cells; however, the senescence of these cells, which increases with age, hinders their ability to contribute to repair. Here, we discuss studies on the control and consequence of progenitor cell senescence in fibrosis and opportunities for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Peter Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Paul W Noble
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Changfu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
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23
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Liu J, Wang J, Xiong A, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Li G, He X. Mitochondrial quality control in lung diseases: current research and future directions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1236651. [PMID: 37538379 PMCID: PMC10395103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1236651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases are a major global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent research has highlighted the critical role that mitochondrial quality control plays in respiratory-related diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this review, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of mitochondrial quality control in these diseases and discuss potential therapeutic strategies. Mitochondria are essential organelles for energy production and other cellular processes, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. The quality control of mitochondria involves a complex system of pathways, including mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion/fission dynamics, and regulation of gene expression. In COPD and lung cancer, mitochondrial quality control is often involved in disease development by influencing oxidative stress and apoptosis. In IPF, it appears to be involved in the disease process by participating in the cellular senescence process. Mitochondrial quality control is a promising target for therapeutic interventions in lung diseases. However, there are conflicting reports on different pathological processes, such as the role of mitochondrial autophagy in lung cancer, which pose difficulties in the study of targeted mitochondrial quality control drugs. Additionally, there seems to be a delicate balance between the mitochondrial quality control processes in the physiological state. Emerging evidence suggests that molecules such as PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α), as well as the signaling pathways they affect, play an important role in respiratory-related diseases. Targeting these molecules and pathways could contribute to the development of effective treatments for lung diseases. In conclusion, the involvement of mitochondrial quality control in lung diseases presents a promising new avenue for disease treatment. Further research is needed to better understand the complex mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and to develop targeted therapies that could improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliu Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Diebold LP, Jain M. Pulmonary Fibrosis and Antioxidants: Finding the Right Target. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:3-5. [PMID: 37037026 PMCID: PMC10324037 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0110ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Diebold
- Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manu Jain
- Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
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25
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Jeong JS, Yoon Y, Kim W, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Park KH, Lee KB, Kim SR, Kim SH, Park YS, Hong SB, Hong SJ, Kim DI, Lee GH, Chae HJ, Lee YC. NecroX Improves Polyhexamethylene Guanidine-induced Lung Injury by Regulating Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:57-72. [PMID: 36930952 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0459oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Various environmental compounds are inducers of lung injury. Mitochondria are crucial organelles that can be affected by many lung diseases. NecroX is an indole-derived antioxidant that specifically targets mitochondria. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential and related molecular mechanisms of NecroX in preclinical models of fatal lung injury. We investigated the therapeutic effects of NecroX on two different experimental models of lung injury induced by polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and bleomycin, respectively. We also performed transcriptome analysis of lung tissues from PHMG-exposed mice and compared the expression profiles with those from dozens of bleomycin-induced fibrosis public data sets. Respiratory exposure to PHMG and bleomycin led to fatal lung injury manifesting extensive inflammation followed by fibrosis. These specifically affected mitochondria regarding biogenesis, mitochondrial DNA integrity, and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in various cell types. NecroX significantly improved the pathobiologic features of the PHMG- and bleomycin-induced lung injuries through regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was also implicated in PHMG-associated lung injuries of mice and humans, and NecroX alleviated PHMG-induced lung injury and the subsequent fibrosis, in part, via regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Gene expression profiles of PHMG-exposed mice were highly consistent with public data sets of bleomycin-induced lung injury models. Pathways related to mitochondrial activities, including oxidative stress, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial translation, were upregulated, and these patterns were significantly reversed by NecroX. These findings demonstrate that NecroX possesses therapeutic potential for fatal lung injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Medical School
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, and
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yeogha Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wankyu Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Medical School
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Medical School
| | - Kyung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Medical School
| | - Kyung Bae Lee
- Functional Food Evaluation Center, National Food Cluster, Iksan, South Korea
| | - So Ri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Medical School
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, and
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Soon Ha Kim
- MitoImmnune Therapeutics, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea; and
| | - Dong Im Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | | | - Han-Jung Chae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, and
| | - Yong Chul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Pulmonary Disorders, Medical School
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, and
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
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26
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Feng F, Wang LJ, Li JC, Chen TT, Liu L. Role of heparanase in ARDS through autophagy and exosome pathway (review). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1200782. [PMID: 37361227 PMCID: PMC10285077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1200782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most common respiratory disease in ICU. Although there are many treatment and support methods, the mortality rate is still high. The main pathological feature of ARDS is the damage of pulmonary microvascular endothelium and alveolar epithelium caused by inflammatory reaction, which may lead to coagulation system disorder and pulmonary fibrosis. Heparanase (HPA) plays an significant role in inflammation, coagulation, fibrosis. It is reported that HPA degrades a large amount of HS in ARDS, leading to the damage of endothelial glycocalyx and inflammatory factors are released in large quantities. HPA can aggrandize the release of exosomes through syndecan-syntenin-Alix pathway, leading to a series of pathological reactions; at the same time, HPA can cause abnormal expression of autophagy. Therefore, we speculate that HPA promotes the occurrence and development of ARDS through exosomes and autophagy, which leads to a large amount of release of inflammatory factors, coagulation disorder and pulmonary fibrosis. This article mainly describes the mechanism of HPA on ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liping Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Departments of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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27
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Rodriguez L, Tomer Y, Carson P, Dimopoulos T, Zhao M, Chavez K, Iyer S, Huang L, Ebert C, Sereda L, Murthy A, Trujillo G, Beers MF, Katzen J. Chronic Expression of a Clinical SFTPC Mutation Causes Murine Lung Fibrosis with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Features. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:358-365. [PMID: 36473455 PMCID: PMC10112421 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0203ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease. A barrier to developing more effective therapies for IPF is the dearth of preclinical models that recapitulate the early pathobiology of this disease. Intratracheal bleomycin, the conventional preclinical murine model of IPF, fails to reproduce the intrinsic dysfunction to the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell (AEC2) that is believed to be a proximal event in the pathogenesis of IPF. Murine fibrosis models based on SFTPC (Surfactant Protein C gene) mutations identified in patients with interstitial lung disease cause activation of the AEC2 unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress-an AEC2 dysfunction phenotype observed in IPF. Although these models achieve spontaneous fibrosis, they do so with precedent lung injury and thus are challenged to phenocopy the general clinical course of patients with IPF-gradual progressive fibrosis and loss of lung function. Here, we report a refinement of a murine Sftpc mutation model to recapitulate the clinical course, physiological impairment, parenchymal cellular composition, and biomarkers associated with IPF. This platform provides the field with an innovative model to understand IPF pathogenesis and index preclinical therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodriguez
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Paige Carson
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | | | - Ming Zhao
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Katrina Chavez
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Swati Iyer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Li Huang
- Fibrosis Biology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey; and
| | - Christina Ebert
- Fibrosis Biology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey; and
| | - Larisa Sereda
- Fibrosis Biology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey; and
| | - Aditi Murthy
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
| | - Glenda Trujillo
- Fibrosis Biology Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, New Jersey; and
| | - Michael F. Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
- PENN–CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- The Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Division and
- PENN–CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Chioma OS, Mallott E, Shah-Gandhi B, Wiggins Z, Langford M, Lancaster AW, Gelbard A, Wu H, Johnson JE, Lancaster L, Wilfong EM, Crofford LJ, Montgomery CG, Van Kaer L, Bordenstein S, Newcomb DC, Drake WP. Low Gut Microbial Diversity Augments Estrogen-Driven Pulmonary Fibrosis in Female-Predominant Interstitial Lung Disease. Cells 2023; 12:766. [PMID: 36899902 PMCID: PMC10000459 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although profibrotic cytokines, such as IL-17A and TGF-β1, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD), the interactions between gut dysbiosis, gonadotrophic hormones and molecular mediators of profibrotic cytokine expression, such as the phosphorylation of STAT3, have not been defined. Here, through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of primary human CD4+ T cells, we show that regions within the STAT3 locus are significantly enriched for binding by the transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). Using the murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we found significantly increased regulatory T cells compared to Th17 cells in the female lung. The genetic absence of ESR1 or ovariectomy in mice significantly increased pSTAT3 and IL-17A expression in pulmonary CD4+ T cells, which was reduced after the repletion of female hormones. Remarkably, there was no significant reduction in lung fibrosis under either condition, suggesting that factors outside of ovarian hormones also contribute. An assessment of lung fibrosis among menstruating females in different rearing environments revealed that environments favoring gut dysbiosis augment fibrosis. Furthermore, hormone repletion following ovariectomy further augmented lung fibrosis, suggesting pathologic interactions between gonadal hormones and gut microbiota in relation to lung fibrosis severity. An analysis of female sarcoidosis patients revealed a significant reduction in pSTAT3 and IL-17A levels and a concomitant increase in TGF-β1 levels in CD4+ T cells compared to male sarcoidosis patients. These studies reveal that estrogen is profibrotic in females and that gut dysbiosis in menstruating females augments lung fibrosis severity, supporting a critical interaction between gonadal hormones and gut flora in lung fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma S. Chioma
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mallott
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Binal Shah-Gandhi
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - ZaDarreyal Wiggins
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Madison Langford
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Alexander Gelbard
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joyce E. Johnson
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisa Lancaster
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erin M. Wilfong
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie J. Crofford
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Seth Bordenstein
- Department of Biology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, College Station, PA 16801, USA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wonder Puryear Drake
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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29
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Chioma OS, Mallott E, Shah-Gandhi B, Wiggins Z, Langford M, Lancaster AW, Gelbard A, Wu H, Johnson JE, Lancaster L, Wilfong EM, Crofford LJ, Montgomery CG, Van Kaer L, Bordenstein S, Newcomb DC, Drake WP. Low Gut Microbial Diversity Augments Estrogen-driven Pulmonary Fibrosis in Female-Predominant Interstitial Lung Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528630. [PMID: 36824732 PMCID: PMC9948999 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Although profibrotic cytokines such as IL-17A and TGF-β1 have been implicated in interstitial lung disease (ILD) pathogenesis, interactions between gut dysbiosis, gonadotrophic hormones and molecular mediators of profibrotic cytokine expression, such as phosphorylation of STAT3, have not been defined. Here we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of primary human CD4+ T cells that regions within the STAT3 locus are significantly enriched for binding by the transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). Using the murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we found significantly increased regulatory T cells compared to Th17 cells in the female lung. Genetic absence of ESR1 or ovariectomy in mice significantly increased pSTAT3 and IL-17A expression in pulmonary CD4+ T cells, which was reduced after repletion of female hormones. Remarkably, there was no significant reduction in lung fibrosis under either condition, suggesting that factors outside of ovarian hormones also contribute. Assessment of lung fibrosis among menstruating females in different rearing environments revealed that environments favoring gut dysbiosis augment fibrosis. Furthermore, hormone repletion following ovariectomy further augmented lung fibrosis, suggesting pathologic interactions between gonadal hormones and gut microbiota on lung fibrosis severity. Analysis in female sarcoidosis patients revealed a significant reduction in pSTAT3 and IL-17A levels and a concomitant increase in TGF-β1 levels in CD4+ T cells, compared to male sarcoidosis patients. These studies reveal that estrogen is profibrotic in females and that gut dysbiosis in menstruating females augments lung fibrosis severity, supporting a critical interaction between gonadal hormones and gut flora in lung fibrosis pathogenesis.
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30
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Cooley JC, Javkhlan N, Wilson JA, Foster DG, Edelman BL, Ortiz LA, Schwartz DA, Riches DW, Redente EF. Inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins with ABT-263 induces fibroblast apoptosis, reversing persistent pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163762. [PMID: 36752201 PMCID: PMC9977433 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILDs) carry a poor prognosis and have limited therapeutic options. A hallmark feature is fibroblast resistance to apoptosis, leading to their persistence, accumulation, and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. A complex balance of the B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein family controlling the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and fibroblast reliance on antiapoptotic proteins has been hypothesized to contribute to this resistant phenotype. Examination of lung tissue from patients with PF-ILD (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and silicosis) and mice with PF-ILD (repetitive bleomycin and silicosis) showed increased expression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members in α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts, suggesting that fibroblasts from fibrotic lungs may exhibit increased susceptibility to inhibition of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-W with the BH3 mimetic ABT-263. We used 2 murine models of PF-ILD to test the efficacy of ABT-263 in reversing established persistent pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment with ABT-263 induced fibroblast apoptosis, decreased fibroblast numbers, and reduced lung collagen levels, radiographic disease, and histologically evident fibrosis. Our studies provide insight into how fibroblasts gain resistance to apoptosis and become sensitive to the therapeutic inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins. By targeting profibrotic fibroblasts, ABT-263 offers a promising therapeutic option for PF-ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Cooley
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nomin Javkhlan
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jasmine A. Wilson
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel G. Foster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Edelman
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Luis A. Ortiz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David W.H. Riches
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Research, Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Redente
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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31
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:26-48. [PMID: 36825939 PMCID: PMC9952569 DOI: 10.3390/arm91010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is a well-organized multicellular organ, and disruption of cellular homeostasis or abnormal tissue repair caused by genetic deficiency and exposure to risk factors lead to life-threatening pulmonary disease including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Although there is no clear etiology as the name reflected, its pathological progress is closely related to uncoordinated cellular and molecular signals. Here, we review the advances in our understanding of the role of lung tissue cells in IPF pathology including epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. These advances summarize the role of various cell components and signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which is helpful to further study the pathological mechanism of the disease, provide new opportunities for disease prevention and treatment, and is expected to improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.
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32
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Pan L, Meng F, Wang W, Wang XH, Shen H, Bao P, Kang J, Kong D. Nintedanib in an elderly non-small-cell lung cancer patient with severe steroid-refractory checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: A case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1072612. [PMID: 36703957 PMCID: PMC9872202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors tremendously improve cancer prognosis; however, severe-grade immune-related adverse events may cause premature death. Current recommendations for checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) treatment are mainly about immunosuppressive therapy, and anti-fibrotic agents are also needed, especially for patients with poor response to corticosteroids and a longer pneumonitis course. This is because fibrotic changes play an important role in the pathological evolution of CIP. Here, we report a case demonstrating that nintedanib is a promising candidate drug for CIP management or prevention, as it has potent anti-fibrotic efficacy and a safety profile. Moreover, nintedanib could partially inhibit tumor growth in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, and its efficacy can be improved in combination with other anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu-hao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengchen Bao
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Delei Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Delei Kong,
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33
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Dobrinskikh E, Hennessy CE, Kurche JS, Kim E, Estrella AM, Cardwell J, Yang IV, Schwartz DA. Epithelial Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Enhances the Risk of Muc5b-associated Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:62-74. [PMID: 36108173 PMCID: PMC9817917 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0252oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gain-of-function minor allele of the MUC5B (mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming) promoter (rs35705950) is the strongest risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a devastating fibrotic lung disease that leads to progressive respiratory failure in adults. We have previously demonstrated that Muc5b overexpression in mice worsens lung fibrosis after bleomycin exposure and have hypothesized that excess Muc5b promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis, stimulating fibrotic lung injury. Here, we report that ER stress pathway members ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4) and ATF6 coexpress with MUC5B in epithelia of the distal IPF airway and honeycomb cyst and that this is more pronounced in carriers of the gain-of-function MUC5B promoter variant. Similarly, in mice exposed to bleomycin, Muc5b expression is temporally associated with markers of ER stress. Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing in bleomycin-exposed mice, we found that pathologic ER stress-associated transcripts Atf4 and Ddit3 (DNA damage inducible transcript 3) were elevated in alveolar epithelia of SFTPC-Muc5b transgenic (SFTPC-Muc5bTg) mice relative to wild-type (WT) mice. Activation of the ER stress response inhibits protein translation for most genes by phosphorylation of Eif2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha), which prevents guanine exchange by Eif2B and facilitates translation of Atf4. The integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) facilitates interaction of phosphorylated Eif2α with Eif2B, overcoming translation inhibition associated with ER stress and reducing Atf4. We found that a single dose of ISRIB diminished Atf4 translation in SFTPC-Muc5bTg mice after bleomycin injury. Moreover, ISRIB resolved the exaggerated fibrotic response of SFTPC-Muc5bTg mice to bleomycin. In summary, we demonstrate that MUC5B and Muc5b expression is associated with pathologic ER stress and that restoration of normal translation with a single dose of ISRIB promotes lung repair in bleomycin-injured Muc5b-overexpressing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan S. Kurche
- Department of Medicine
- Pulmonary Section, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Alani M. Estrella
- Roy and Diana Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; and
| | | | - Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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34
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Alonso-Gonzalez A, Tosco-Herrera E, Molina-Molina M, Flores C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the role of genetics in the era of precision medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1152211. [PMID: 37181377 PMCID: PMC10172674 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1152211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, rare progressive lung disease, characterized by lung scarring and the irreversible loss of lung function. Two anti-fibrotic drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been demonstrated to slow down disease progression, although IPF mortality remains a challenge and the patients die after a few years from diagnosis. Rare pathogenic variants in genes that are involved in the surfactant metabolism and telomere maintenance, among others, have a high penetrance and tend to co-segregate with the disease in families. Common recurrent variants in the population with modest effect sizes have been also associated with the disease risk and progression. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) support at least 23 genetic risk loci, linking the disease pathogenesis with unexpected molecular pathways including cellular adhesion and signaling, wound healing, barrier function, airway clearance, and innate immunity and host defense, besides the surfactant metabolism and telomere biology. As the cost of high-throughput genomic technologies continuously decreases and new technologies and approaches arise, their widespread use by clinicians and researchers is efficiently contributing to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Here we provide an overview of the genetic factors known to be involved in IPF pathogenesis and discuss how they will continue to further advance in this field. We also discuss how genomic technologies could help to further improve IPF diagnosis and prognosis as well as for assessing genetic risk in unaffected relatives. The development and validation of evidence-based guidelines for genetic-based screening of IPF will allow redefining and classifying this disease relying on molecular characteristics and contribute to the implementation of precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Alonso-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Tosco-Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Maria Molina-Molina
- Servei de Pneumologia, Laboratori de Pneumologia Experimental, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Flores
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Flores,
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35
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Gut microbiota modulates lung fibrosis severity following acute lung injury in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1401. [PMID: 36543914 PMCID: PMC9772329 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent studies demonstrate the significance of gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases; yet little is known regarding the role of the gut microbiota in lung fibrosis progression. Here we show, using the bleomycin murine model to quantify lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 J mice housed in germ-free, animal biosafety level 1 (ABSL-1), or animal biosafety level 2 (ABSL-2) environments, that germ-free mice are protected from lung fibrosis, while ABSL-1 and ABSL-2 mice develop mild and severe lung fibrosis, respectively. Metagenomic analysis reveals no notable distinctions between ABSL-1 and ABSL-2 lung microbiota, whereas greater microbial diversity, with increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli, is present in ABSL-1 compared to ABSL-2 gut microbiota. Flow cytometric analysis reveals enhanced IL-6/STAT3/IL-17A signaling in pulmonary CD4 + T cells of ABSL-2 mice. Fecal transplantation of ABSL-2 stool into germ-free mice recapitulated more severe fibrosis than transplantation of ABSL-1 stool. Lactobacilli supernatant reduces collagen 1 A production in IL-17A- and TGFβ1-stimulated human lung fibroblasts. These findings support a functional role of the gut microbiota in augmenting lung fibrosis severity.
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36
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Katzen J, Rodriguez L, Tomer Y, Babu A, Zhao M, Murthy A, Carson P, Barrett M, Basil MC, Carl J, Leach JP, Morley M, McGraw MD, Mulugeta S, Pelura T, Rosen G, Morrisey EE, Beers MF. Disruption of proteostasis causes IRE1 mediated reprogramming of alveolar epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123187119. [PMID: 36252035 PMCID: PMC9618079 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123187119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of alveolar type 2 cell (AEC2) protein quality control has been implicated in chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). We previously reported the in vivo modeling of a clinical surfactant protein C (SP-C) mutation that led to AEC2 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and spontaneous lung fibrosis, providing proof of concept for disruption to proteostasis as a proximal driver of PF. Using two clinical SP-C mutation models, we have now discovered that AEC2s experiencing significant ER stress lose quintessential AEC2 features and develop a reprogrammed cell state that heretofore has been seen only as a response to lung injury. Using single-cell RNA sequencing in vivo and organoid-based modeling, we show that this state arises de novo from intrinsic AEC2 dysfunction. The cell-autonomous AEC2 reprogramming can be attenuated through inhibition of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) signaling as the use of an IRE1α inhibitor reduced the development of the reprogrammed cell state and also diminished AEC2-driven recruitment of granulocytes, alveolitis, and lung injury. These findings identify AEC2 proteostasis, and specifically IRE1α signaling through its major product XBP-1, as a driver of a key AEC2 phenotypic change that has been identified in lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Katzen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Luis Rodriguez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Ming Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Aditi Murthy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Paige Carson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Matthew Barrett
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Maria C Basil
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Justine Carl
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - John P Leach
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Michael Morley
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Matthew D McGraw
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Surafel Mulugeta
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | | | | | - Edward E Morrisey
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Michael F Beers
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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Vittal R, Fisher AJ, Thompson EL, Cipolla EM, Gu H, Mickler EA, Varre A, Agarwal M, Kim KK, Vasko MR, Moore BB, Lama VN. Overexpression of Decay Accelerating Factor Mitigates Fibrotic Responses to Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:459-470. [PMID: 35895592 PMCID: PMC9564933 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0463oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD55 or decay accelerating factor (DAF), a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, confers a protective threshold against complement dysregulation which is linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Since lung fibrosis is associated with downregulation of DAF, we hypothesize that overexpression of DAF in fibrosed lungs will limit fibrotic injury by restraining complement dysregulation. Normal primary human alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECs) exposed to exogenous complement 3a or 5a, and primary AECs purified from IPF lungs demonstrated decreased membrane-bound DAF expression with concurrent increase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein, ATF6. Increased loss of extracellular cleaved DAF fragments was detected in normal human AECs exposed to complement 3a or 5a, and in lungs of IPF patients. C3a-induced ATF6 expression and DAF loss was inhibited using pertussis toxin (an enzymatic inactivator of G-protein coupled receptors), in murine AECs. Treatment with soluble DAF abrogated tunicamycin-induced C3a secretion and ER stress (ATF6 and BiP expression) and restored epithelial cadherin. Bleomycin-injured fibrotic mice subjected to lentiviral overexpression of DAF demonstrated diminished levels of local collagen deposition and complement activation. Further analyses showed diminished release of DAF fragments, as well as reduction in apoptosis (TUNEL and caspase 3/7 activity), and ER stress-related transcripts. Loss-of-function studies using Daf1 siRNA demonstrated worsened lung fibrosis detected by higher mRNA levels of Col1a1 and epithelial injury-related Muc1 and Snai1, with exacerbated local deposition of C5b-9. Our studies provide a rationale for rescuing fibrotic lungs via DAF induction that will restrain complement dysregulation and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Amanda J. Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and
| | - Eric L. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ellyse M. Cipolla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Hongmei Gu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and
| | | | - Ananya Varre
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Kevin K. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Michael R. Vasko
- Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Vibha N. Lama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
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38
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Zhu W, Tan C, Zhang J. Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cell Dysfunction in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Lung 2022; 200:539-547. [PMID: 36136136 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and irreversible pulmonary interstitial disease that seriously affects the patient's quality of life and lifespan. The pathogenesis of IPF has not been clarified, and its treatment is limited to pirfenidone and nintedanib, which only delays the decline of lung function. Alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells are indispensable in the regeneration and lung surfactant secretion of alveolar epithelial cells. Studies have shown that AT2 cell dysfunction initiates the occurrence and progression of IPF. This review expounds on the AT2 cell dysfunction in IPF, involving senescence, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial damage, metabolic reprogramming, and the transitional state of AT2 cells. This article also briefly summarizes potential treatments targeting AT2 cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunting Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
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Suzuki T, Kropski JA, Chen J, Carrier EJ, Chen X, Sherrill TP, Winters NI, Camarata JE, Polosukhin VV, Han W, Rathinasabapathy A, Gutor S, Gulleman P, Sabusap C, Banovich NE, Tanjore H, Freeman ML, Tada Y, Young LR, Gokey JJ, Blackwell TS, West JD. Thromboxane-Prostanoid Receptor Signaling Drives Persistent Fibroblast Activation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:596-607. [PMID: 35728047 PMCID: PMC9716913 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202106-1503oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Although persistent fibroblast activation is a hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), mechanisms regulating persistent fibroblast activation in the lungs have not been fully elucidated. Objectives: On the basis of our observation that lung fibroblasts express TBXA2R (thromboxane-prostanoid receptor) during fibrosis, we investigated the role of TBXA2R signaling in fibrotic remodeling. Methods: We identified TBXA2R expression in lungs of patients with IPF and mice and studied primary mouse and human lung fibroblasts to determine the impact of TBXA2R signaling on fibroblast activation. We used TBXA2R-deficient mice and small-molecule inhibitors to investigate TBXA2R signaling in preclinical lung fibrosis models. Measurements and Main Results: TBXA2R expression was upregulated in fibroblasts in the lungs of patients with IPF and in mouse lungs during experimental lung fibrosis. Genetic deletion of TBXA2R, but not inhibition of thromboxane synthase, protected mice from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, thereby suggesting that an alternative ligand activates profibrotic TBXA2R signaling. In contrast to thromboxane, F2-isoprostanes, which are nonenzymatic products of arachidonic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, were persistently elevated during fibrosis. F2-isoprostanes induced TBXA2R signaling in fibroblasts and mediated a myofibroblast activation profile due, at least in part, to potentiation of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling. In vivo treatment with the TBXA2R antagonist ifetroban reduced profibrotic signaling in the lungs, protected mice from lung fibrosis in three preclinical models (bleomycin, Hermansky-Pudlak mice, and radiation-induced fibrosis), and markedly enhanced fibrotic resolution after bleomycin treatment. Conclusions: TBXA2R links oxidative stress to fibroblast activation during lung fibrosis. TBXA2R antagonists could have utility in treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Suzuki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Erica J. Carrier
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Xinping Chen
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Taylor P. Sherrill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Nichelle I. Winters
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jane E. Camarata
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Vasiliy V. Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Sergey Gutor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Peter Gulleman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Carleen Sabusap
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuji Tada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason J. Gokey
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James D. West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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Oatis D, Simon-Repolski E, Balta C, Mihu A, Pieretti G, Alfano R, Peluso L, Trotta MC, D’Amico M, Hermenean A. Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Pulmonary Fibrosis Post-COVID-19: Focus on Galectin-1, -3, -8, -9. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8210. [PMID: 35897786 PMCID: PMC9332679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a consequence of the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which finally leads to lung scarring. Although the pulmonary fibrogenesis is almost known, the last two years of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its post effects added new particularities which need to be explored. Many questions remain about how pulmonary fibrotic changes occur within the lungs of COVID-19 patients, and whether the changes will persist long term or are capable of resolving. This review brings together existing knowledge on both COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis, starting with the main key players in promoting pulmonary fibrosis, such as alveolar and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lipofibroblasts, and macrophages. Further, we provide an overview of the main molecular mechanisms driving the fibrotic process in connection with Galactin-1, -3, -8, and -9, together with the currently approved and newly proposed clinical therapeutic solutions given for the treatment of fibrosis, based on their inhibition. The work underlines the particular pathways and processes that may be implicated in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis post-SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The recent data suggest that galectin-1, -3, -8, and -9 could become valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung fibrosis post-COVID-19 and promising molecular targets for the development of new and original therapeutic tools to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Oatis
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biology, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Erika Simon-Repolski
- Doctoral School of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
- Department of Pneumology, Arad Clinical Emergency Hospital, 310031 Arad, Romania
| | - Cornel Balta
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania;
| | - Alin Mihu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences “DAMSS”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luisa Peluso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Michele D’Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Anca Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310144 Arad, Romania;
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
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41
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Wang F, Ma J, Wang J, Chen M, Xia H, Yao S, Zhang D. SIRT1 ameliorated septic associated-lung injury and macrophages apoptosis via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110398. [PMID: 35811055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inappropriate apoptosis of macrophages plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury, however, the detailed regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. As an endogenous apoptosis pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in cell damage in patients with sepsis. Clarifying the ER stress response and its effect on macrophages during the development of sepsis is helpful to explore new strategies for the prevention and treatment of ALI in sepsis. METHODS The mouse model and the RAW264.7 inflammation model were stimulated with LPS to establish in vivo and in vitro. We explored the effects of different expression levels of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) on the ER stress response and apoptosis of macrophages in the sepsis-related injury model. RESULTS Our studies found that the increased expression of SIRT1 can significantly improve sepsis-related lung injury and relieve lung inflammation. SRT1720, a SIRT1 activator, can significantly inhibit the ER stress response of lung tissue and macrophages, inhibit the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, promote the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, and reduce macrophages of apoptosis. While the EX527, an inhibitor of SIRT1, had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION SIRT1 can significantly improve sepsis-associated lung injury and LPS-induced macrophage apoptosis. This protective effect is closely related to its inhibition of the ER stress response via the PERK/eIF2-α/ATF4/CHOP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiamin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingxu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haifa Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan 430023, China.
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42
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Wang JY, Young LR. Insights into the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis from Genetic Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:20-35. [PMID: 35294321 PMCID: PMC9273221 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0557tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease process associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with limited therapeutic options owing to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Mechanisms driving the fibrotic cascade have been elucidated through studies of rare and common variants in surfactant-related and telomere-related genes in familial and sporadic forms of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in multisystem Mendelian genetic disorders that present with pulmonary fibrosis. In this translational review, we outline insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis derived from genetic forms of the disease, with a focus on model systems, shared cellular and molecular mechanisms, and potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y. Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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43
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Liu GY, Budinger GRS, Dematte JE. Advances in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. BMJ 2022; 377:e066354. [PMID: 36946547 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-066354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Similarly to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), other interstitial lung diseases can develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) characterized by declining lung function, a poor response to immunomodulatory therapies, and early mortality. The pathophysiology of disordered lung repair involves common downstream pathways that lead to pulmonary fibrosis in both IPF and PPF. The antifibrotic drugs, such as nintedanib, are indicated for the treatment of IPF and PPF, and new therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials. Clinical, radiographic, and molecular biomarkers are needed to identify patients with PPF and subgroups of patients likely to respond to specific therapies. This article reviews the evidence supporting the use of specific therapies in patients with IPF and PPF, discusses agents being considered in clinical trials, and considers potential biomarkers based on disease pathogenesis that might be used to provide a personalized approach to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Y Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane E Dematte
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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44
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Cao Q, Tartaglia G, Alexander M, Park PH, Poojan S, Farshchian M, Fuentes I, Chen M, McGrath JA, Palisson F, Salas-Alanis J, South AP. A role for Collagen VII in matrix protein secretion. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:226-244. [PMID: 35779741 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lack of type VII collagen (C7) disrupts cellular proteostasis yet the mechanism remains undescribed. By studying the relationship between C7 and the extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), type XII collagen (C12) and tissue transglutaminase (TGM2) in primary human dermal fibroblasts from multiple donors with or without the genetic disease recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) (n=31), we demonstrate that secretion of each of these proteins is increased in the presence of C7. In dermal fibroblasts isolated from patients with RDEB, where C7 is absent or defective, association with the COPII outer coat protein SEC31 and ultimately secretion of each of these ECM-associated proteins is reduced and intracellular levels are increased. In RDEB fibroblasts, overall collagen secretion (as determined by the levels of hydroxyproline in the media) is unchanged while traffic from the ER to Golgi of TSP1, C12 and TGM2 occurs in a type I collagen (C1) dependent manner. In normal fibroblasts association of TSP1, C12 and TGM2 with the ER exit site transmembrane protein Transport ANd Golgi Organization-1 (TANGO1) as determined by proximity ligation assays, requires C7. In the absence of wild-type C7, or when ECM-associated proteins are overexpressed, C1 proximity and intracellular levels increase resulting in elevated cellular stress responses and elevated TGFβ signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate a role for C7 in loading COPII vesicle cargo and provides a mechanism for disrupted proteostasis, elevated cellular stress and increased TGFβ signaling in patients with RDEB. Furthermore, our data point to a threshold of cargo loading that can be exceeded with increased protein levels leading to pathological outcomes in otherwise normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Grace Tartaglia
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pyung Hung Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shiv Poojan
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mehdi Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ignacia Fuentes
- DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), UK
| | - Francis Palisson
- DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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Abstract
The lungs are continually subjected to noxious and inert substances, are immunologically active, and are in a constant state of damage and repair. This makes the pulmonary system particularly vulnerable to diseases of aging. Aging can be understood as random molecular damage that is unrepaired and accumulates over time, resulting in cellular defects and tissue dysfunction. The breakdown of cellular mechanisms, including stem cell exhaustion, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alteration, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, altered intercellular communication, and changes in the extracellular matrix is thought to advance the aging process itself. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and cancers illustrate a pathologic breakdown in these mechanisms beyond normal aging. The immune system becomes less effective with advancing age. There is a low-level state of chronic inflammation termed inflammaging which is thought to be driven by immunosenescence, the changes in the innate and adaptive immune systems with advancing age that lead to dysregulation and decreased effectiveness of the immune system. These processes of aging lead to expected changes in the form and function of the respiratory system, most notably a loss of lung elasticity, decrease in respiratory muscle strength, increase in ventilation-perfusion mismatching, and stiffening of the vasculature. The astute clinician is aware of these expected findings and does not often attribute dyspnea to aging alone. Maintaining a low threshold to investigate for comorbid disease and understanding how pulmonary disease presents differently in the elderly than in younger adults can improve clinical outcomes. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3509-3522, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Budde
- New York City Health and Hospitals/Metropolitan Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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46
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Cui X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Xiang M. ROS and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879204. [PMID: 35559240 PMCID: PMC9086276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases are main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current studies show that though specific pulmonary diseases and correlative lung-metabolic deviance own unique pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, they always tend to exhibit common characteristics including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and disruptions of proteostasis bringing about accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER is generated by the unfolded protein response. When the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) fails to preserve ER homeostasis, a maladaptive or terminal UPR is engaged, leading to the disruption of ER integrity and to apoptosis, which is called ER stress. The ER stress mainly includes the accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in lumen and the disorder of Ca2+ balance. ROS mediates several critical aspects of the ER stress response. We summarize the latest advances in of the UPR and ER stress in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease and discuss potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ER proteostasis in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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Yang X, Sun W, Jing X, Zhang Q, Huang H, Xu Z. C/EBP homologous protein promotes Sonic Hedgehog secretion from type II alveolar epithelial cells and activates Hedgehog signaling pathway of fibroblast in pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:86. [PMID: 35395850 PMCID: PMC8991723 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis, including IPF. It affects a broad scope of cellular types during pulmonary fibrosis but the role in epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk has not been fully defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Shh secretion by ER stress-challenged type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) on fibroblast and pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Conditioned medium (CM) from tunicamycin (TM)-treated AECII was collected and incubated with fibroblast. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used for RNA interference of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). The effects of CHOP and HH signaling were evaluated by TM administration under the background of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Results Both expression of CHOP and Shh in AECII, and HH signaling in mesenchyme were upregulated in IPF lung. TM-induced Shh secretion from AECII activates HH signaling and promotes pro-fibrotic effects of fibroblast. Interfering CHOP expression reduced ER stress-induced Shh secretion and alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Conclusions Our work identified a novel mechanism by which ER stress is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Inhibition of ER stress or CHOP in epithelial cells alleviated pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing Shh/HH signaling pathway of fibroblasts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02012-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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48
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Liang J, Huang G, Liu X, Taghavifar F, Liu N, Wang Y, Deng N, Yao C, Xie T, Kulur V, Dai K, Burman A, Rowan SC, Weigt SS, Belperio J, Stripp B, Parks WC, Jiang D, Noble PW. The ZIP8/SIRT1 axis regulates alveolar progenitor cell renewal in aging and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157338. [PMID: 35389887 PMCID: PMC9151700 DOI: 10.1172/jci157338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractType 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s) function as progenitor cells in the lung. We have shown previously that failure of AEC2 regeneration results in progressive lung fibrosis in mice and is a cardinal feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we identified a deficiency of a specific zinc transporter SLC39A8 (ZIP8) in AEC2s from both IPF lungs and lungs of old mice. Loss of ZIP8 expression was associated with impaired renewal capacity of AEC2s and enhanced lung fibrosis. ZIP8 regulation of AEC2 progenitor function was dependent on SIRT1. Replenishment with exogenous zinc and SIRT1 activation promoted self-renewal and differentiation of AEC2s from lung tissues of IPF patients and old mice. Deletion of Zip8 in AEC2s in mice impaired AEC2 renewal, increased susceptibility of the mice to bleomycin injury, and the mice developed spontaneous lung fibrosis. Therapeutic strategies to restore zinc metabolism and appropriate SIRT1 signaling could improve AEC2 progenitor function and mitigate ongoing fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Forough Taghavifar
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Ningshan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Nan Deng
- Genomics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Changfu Yao
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Ting Xie
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Kristy Dai
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Ankita Burman
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Simon C Rowan
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - S Samuel Weigt
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - John Belperio
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Barry Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, United States of America
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Auyeung VC, Downey MS, Thamsen M, Wenger TA, Backes BJ, Sheppard D, Papa FR. IRE1α drives lung epithelial progenitor dysfunction to establish a niche for pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L564-L580. [PMID: 35170357 PMCID: PMC8957349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00408.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After lung injury, damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs) emerge, representing a transitional state between injured epithelial cells and newly regenerated alveoli. DATPs express profibrotic genes, suggesting that they might promote idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the molecular pathways that induce and/or maintain DATPs are incompletely understood. Here we show that the bifunctional kinase/RNase-IRE1α-a central mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a critical promoter of DATP abundance and function. Administration of a nanomolar-potent, monoselective kinase inhibitor of IRE1α (KIRA8)-or conditional epithelial IRE1α gene knockout-both reduce DATP cell number and fibrosis in the bleomycin model, indicating that IRE1α cell-autonomously promotes transition into the DATP state. IRE1α enhances the profibrotic phenotype of DATPs since KIRA8 decreases expression of integrin αvβ6, a key activator of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in pulmonary fibrosis, corresponding to decreased TGF-β-induced gene expression in the epithelium and decreased collagen accumulation around DATPs. Furthermore, IRE1α regulates DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, previously shown to promote the DATP phenotype, as IRE1α loss-of-function decreases H2AX phosphorylation, Cdkn1a (p21) expression, and DDR-associated secretory gene expression. Finally, KIRA8 treatment increases the differentiation of Krt19CreERT2-lineage-traced DATPs into type 1 alveolar epithelial cells after bleomycin injury, indicating that relief from IRE1α signaling enables DATPs to exit the transitional state. Thus, IRE1α coordinates a network of stress pathways that conspire to entrap injured cells in the DATP state. Pharmacological blockade of IRE1α signaling helps resolve the DATP state, thereby ameliorating fibrosis and promoting salutary lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C Auyeung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael S Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maike Thamsen
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Talia A Wenger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bradley J Backes
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Feroz R Papa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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50
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Chen P, Parimon T. ALCAM Makes It All Calm by Inhibiting Apoptosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:356-357. [PMID: 35143367 PMCID: PMC8990113 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0506ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chen
- Women's Guild Lung Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Women's Guild Lung Institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California
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