1
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Zhao S, Wang X, Wang D, Shi J, Jia X. Unsupervised spike sorting for multielectrode arrays based on spike shape features and location methods. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:1087-1111. [PMID: 39220019 PMCID: PMC11362451 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-024-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) enable simultaneous measurement of spike trains from numerous neurons, owing to advancements in microfabrication technology. These probes are highly valuable for comprehending the intricate dynamics of neuronal networks. Spike sorting is a pivotal step in comprehensively analyzing the activity of neuronal networks from extracellular recordings. However, the accuracy of spike sorting is relatively low due to the dense sampling of spikes in MEAs. Here, we propose an unsupervised pipeline named UMAP-COM method, which utilizes combined features to address this problem. These combined features comprise dominant spike shape features extracted by the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), as well as spike locations estimated by the center of mass (COM). We validate the UMAP-COM method on publicly available datasets from different kinds of probes, demonstrating that it is more accurate than other spike sorting methods. Furthermore, we conduct separate evaluations of spike shape feature extraction methods and spike localization methods. In this comparison, UMAP emerges as the superior feature extraction method, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately representing spike shapes. Additionally, we find that the COM method outperforms other spike localization methods, highlighting its ability to enhance the accuracy of spike sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Zhao
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Jin Shi
- Research Center of Smart Transportation, Zhejiang Laboratory, Kechuang Road, Hangzhou, 311100 Zhejiang China
| | - Xingru Jia
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning China
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2
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Vinogradov A, Kapucu EF, Narkilahti S. Exploring Kainic Acid-Induced Alterations in Circular Tripartite Networks with Advanced Analysis Tools. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0035-24.2024. [PMID: 39079743 PMCID: PMC11289587 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0035-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain activity implies the orchestrated functioning of interconnected brain regions. Typical in vitro models aim to mimic the brain using single human pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal networks. However, the field is constantly evolving to model brain functions more accurately through the use of new paradigms, e.g., brain-on-a-chip models with compartmentalized structures and integrated sensors. These methods create novel data requiring more complex analysis approaches. The previously introduced circular tripartite network concept models the connectivity between spatially diverse neuronal structures. The model consists of a microfluidic device allowing axonal connectivity between separated neuronal networks with an embedded microelectrode array to record both local and global electrophysiological activity patterns in the closed circuitry. The existing tools are suboptimal for the analysis of the data produced with this model. Here, we introduce advanced tools for synchronization and functional connectivity assessment. We used our custom-designed analysis to assess the interrelations between the kainic acid (KA)-exposed proximal compartment and its nonexposed distal neighbors before and after KA. Novel multilevel circuitry bursting patterns were detected and analyzed in parallel with the inter- and intracompartmental functional connectivity. The effect of KA on the proximal compartment was captured, and the spread of this effect to the nonexposed distal compartments was revealed. KA induced divergent changes in bursting behaviors, which may be explained by distinct baseline activity and varied intra- and intercompartmental connectivity strengths. The circular tripartite network concept combined with our developed analysis advances importantly both face and construct validity in modeling human epilepsy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vinogradov
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Emre Fikret Kapucu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere 33520, Finland
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3
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Gillon CJ, Baker C, Ly R, Balzani E, Brunton BW, Schottdorf M, Ghosh S, Dehghani N. Open Data In Neurophysiology: Advancements, Solutions & Challenges. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2407.00976v1. [PMID: 39010879 PMCID: PMC11247910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Across the life sciences, an ongoing effort over the last 50 years has made data and methods more reproducible and transparent. This openness has led to transformative insights and vastly accelerated scientific progress1,2. For example, structural biology3 and genomics4,5 have undertaken systematic collection and publication of protein sequences and structures over the past half-century, and these data have led to scientific breakthroughs that were unthinkable when data collection first began (e.g.6). We believe that neuroscience is poised to follow the same path, and that principles of open data and open science will transform our understanding of the nervous system in ways that are impossible to predict at the moment. To this end, new social structures along with active and open scientific communities are essential7 to facilitate and expand the still limited adoption of open science practices in our field8. Unified by shared values of openness, we set out to organize a symposium for Open Data in Neuroscience (ODIN) to strengthen our community and facilitate transformative neuroscience research at large. In this report, we share what we learned during this first ODIN event. We also lay out plans for how to grow this movement, document emerging conversations, and propose a path toward a better and more transparent science of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J Gillon
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cody Baker
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
- CatalystNeuro, Benicia, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Ly
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
- Scientific Data Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Edoardo Balzani
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bingni W Brunton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Manuel Schottdorf
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Satrajit Ghosh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nima Dehghani
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
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4
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Long X, Deng B, Shen R, Yang L, Chen L, Ran Q, Du X, Zhang SJ. Border cells without theta rhythmicity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321614121. [PMID: 38857401 PMCID: PMC11194599 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321614121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key brain structure for higher cognitive functions such as decision-making and goal-directed behavior, many of which require awareness of spatial variables including one's current position within the surrounding environment. Although previous studies have reported spatially tuned activities in mPFC during memory-related trajectory, the spatial tuning of mPFC network during freely foraging behavior remains elusive. Here, we reveal geometric border or border-proximal representations from the neural activity of mPFC ensembles during naturally exploring behavior, with both allocentric and egocentric boundary responses. Unlike most of classical border cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) discharging along a single wall, a large majority of border cells in mPFC fire particularly along four walls. mPFC border cells generate new firing fields to external insert, and remain stable under darkness, across distinct shapes, and in novel environments. In contrast to hippocampal theta entrainment during spatial working memory tasks, mPFC border cells rarely exhibited theta rhythmicity during spontaneous locomotion behavior. These findings reveal spatially modulated activity in mPFC, supporting local computation for cognitive functions involving spatial context and contributing to a broad spatial tuning property of cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Qingxia Ran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400037, China
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5
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Wang C, Lin C, Zhao Y, Samantzis M, Sedlak P, Sah P, Balbi M. 40-Hz optogenetic stimulation rescues functional synaptic plasticity after stroke. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113475. [PMID: 37979173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Evoked brain oscillations in the gamma range have been shown to assist in stroke recovery. However, the causal relationship between evoked oscillations and neuroprotection is not well understood. We have used optogenetic stimulation to investigate how evoked gamma oscillations modulate cortical dynamics in the acute phase after stroke. Our results reveal that stimulation at 40 Hz drives activity in interneurons at the stimulation frequency and phase-locked activity in principal neurons at a lower frequency, leading to increased cross-frequency coupling. In addition, 40-Hz stimulation after stroke enhances interregional communication. These effects are observed up to 24 h after stimulation. Our stimulation protocol also rescues functional synaptic plasticity 24 h after stroke and leads to an upregulation of plasticity genes and a downregulation of cell death genes. Together these results suggest that restoration of cortical dynamics may confer neuroprotection after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; Engineering Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Yue Zhao
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Montana Samantzis
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Petra Sedlak
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Matilde Balbi
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia.
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6
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Xie Z, Dong S, Zhang Y, Yuan Y. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation at the peak-phase of theta-cycles in the hippocampus improve memory performance. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120423. [PMID: 37884166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of closed-loop transcranial ultrasound stimulation (closed-loop TUS) as a non-invasive, high temporal-spatial resolution method for modulating brain function to enhance memory. For this purpose, we applied closed-loop TUS to the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus for 7 consecutive days at different phases of theta cycles. Following the intervention, we evaluated memory performance through behavioral testing and recorded the neural activity. Our results indicated that closed-loop TUS applied at the peak phase of theta cycles significantly improves the memory performance in rats, as evidenced by behavioral testing. Furthermore, we observed that closed-loop TUS modifies the power and cross-frequency coupling strength of local field potentials (LFPs) during memory task, as well as modulates neuronal activity patterns and synaptic transmission, depending on phase of stimulation relative to theta rhythm. We demonstrated that closed-loop TUS can modulate neural activity and memory performance in a phase-dependent manner. Specifically, we observed that effectiveness of closed-loop TUS in regulating neural activity and memory is dependent on the timing of stimulation in relation to different theta phase. The findings implied that closed-loop TUS may have the capability to alter neural activity and memory performance in a phase-sensitive manner, and suggested that the efficacy of closed-loop TUS in modifying neural activity and memory was contingent on timing of stimulation with respect to the theta rhythm. Moreover, the improvement in memory performance after closed-loop TUS was found to be persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xie
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Shuxun Dong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yiyao Zhang
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York 10016, USA.
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
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7
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Soula M, Maslarova A, Harvey RE, Valero M, Brandner S, Hamer H, Fernández‐Ruiz A, Buzsáki G. Interictal epileptiform discharges affect memory in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302676120. [PMID: 37590406 PMCID: PMC10450667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302676120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are transient abnormal electrophysiological events commonly observed in epilepsy patients but are also present in other neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the role IEDs have on the hippocampal circuit is important for our understanding of the cognitive deficits seen in epilepsy and AD. We characterize and compare the IEDs of human epilepsy patients from microwire hippocampal recording with those of AD transgenic mice with implanted multilayer hippocampal silicon probes. Both the local field potential features and firing patterns of pyramidal cells and interneurons were similar in the mouse and human. We found that as IEDs emerged from the CA3-1 circuits, they recruited pyramidal cells and silenced interneurons, followed by post-IED suppression. IEDs suppressed the incidence and altered the properties of physiological sharp-wave ripples, altered their physiological properties, and interfered with the replay of place field sequences in a maze. In addition, IEDs in AD mice inversely correlated with daily memory performance. Together, our work implies that IEDs may present a common and epilepsy-independent phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases that perturbs hippocampal-cortical communication and interferes with memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Soula
- Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY10016
| | - Anna Maslarova
- Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY10016
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ryan E. Harvey
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Manuel Valero
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona08003, Spain
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hajo Hamer
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY10016
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY10016
- Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY10016
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8
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Vaz AP, Wittig JH, Inati SK, Zaghloul KA. Backbone spiking sequence as a basis for preplay, replay, and default states in human cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4723. [PMID: 37550285 PMCID: PMC10406814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequences of spiking activity have been heavily implicated as potential substrates of memory formation and retrieval across many species. A parallel line of recent evidence also asserts that sequential activity may arise from and be constrained by pre-existing network structure. Here we reconcile these two lines of research in the human brain by measuring single unit spiking sequences in the temporal lobe cortex as participants perform an episodic memory task. We find the presence of an average backbone spiking sequence identified during pre-task rest that is stable over time and different cognitive states. We further demonstrate that these backbone sequences are composed of both rigid and flexible sequence elements, and that flexible elements within these sequences serve to promote memory specificity when forming and retrieving new memories. These results support the hypothesis that pre-existing network dynamics serve as a scaffold for ongoing neural activity in the human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Vaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - John H Wittig
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sara K Inati
- Office of the Clinical Director, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kareem A Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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9
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Verzhbinsky IA, Rubin DB, Kajfez S, Bu Y, Kelemen JN, Kapitonava A, Williams ZM, Hochberg LR, Cash SS, Halgren E. Co-occurring ripple oscillations facilitate neuronal interactions between cortical locations in humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.20.541588. [PMID: 37292943 PMCID: PMC10245779 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.20.541588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous bursts of high frequency oscillations ('ripples') are hypothesized to contribute to binding by facilitating integration of neuronal firing across cortical locations. We tested this hypothesis using local field-potentials and single-unit firing from four 96-channel microelectrode arrays in supragranular cortex of 3 patients. Neurons in co-rippling locations showed increased short-latency co-firing, prediction of each-other's firing, and co-participation in neural assemblies. Effects were similar for putative pyramidal and interneurons, during NREM sleep and waking, in temporal and Rolandic cortices, and at distances up to 16mm. Increased co-prediction during co-ripples was maintained when firing-rate changes were equated, and were strongly modulated by ripple phase. Co-ripple enhanced prediction is reciprocal, synergistic with local upstates, and further enhanced when multiple sites co-ripple. Together, these results support the hypothesis that trans-cortical co-ripples increase the integration of neuronal firing of neurons in different cortical locations, and do so in part through phase-modulation rather than unstructured activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Verzhbinsky
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel B. Rubin
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sophie Kajfez
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yiting Bu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica N. Kelemen
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anastasia Kapitonava
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ziv M. Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Leigh R. Hochberg
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Department of Veterans Affairs, Providence, RI 02908, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Sydney S. Cash
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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10
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Ren X, Bok I, Vareberg A, Hai A. Stimulation-mediated reverse engineering of silent neural networks. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:1505-1514. [PMID: 37222450 PMCID: PMC10311990 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00100.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing connectivity of neuronal networks from single-cell activity is essential to understanding brain function, but the challenge of deciphering connections from populations of silent neurons has been largely unmet. We demonstrate a protocol for deriving connectivity of simulated silent neuronal networks using stimulation combined with a supervised learning algorithm, which enables inferring connection weights with high fidelity and predicting spike trains at the single-spike and single-cell levels with high accuracy. We apply our method on rat cortical recordings fed through a circuit of heterogeneously connected leaky integrate-and-fire neurons firing at typical lognormal distributions and demonstrate improved performance during stimulation for multiple subpopulations. These testable predictions about the number and protocol of the required stimulations are expected to enhance future efforts for deriving neuronal connectivity and drive new experiments to better understand brain function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We introduce a new concept for reverse engineering silent neuronal networks using a supervised learning algorithm combined with stimulation. We quantify the performance of the algorithm and the precision of deriving synaptic weights in inhibitory and excitatory subpopulations. We then show that stimulation enables deciphering connectivity of heterogeneous circuits fed with real electrode array recordings, which could extend in the future to deciphering connectivity in broad biological and artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ilhan Bok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Adam Vareberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aviad Hai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering (WITNe), Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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11
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Wei Y, Nandi A, Jia X, Siegle JH, Denman D, Lee SY, Buchin A, Van Geit W, Mosher CP, Olsen S, Anastassiou CA. Associations between in vitro, in vivo and in silico cell classes in mouse primary visual cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2344. [PMID: 37095130 PMCID: PMC10126114 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain consists of many cell classes yet in vivo electrophysiology recordings are typically unable to identify and monitor their activity in the behaving animal. Here, we employed a systematic approach to link cellular, multi-modal in vitro properties from experiments with in vivo recorded units via computational modeling and optotagging experiments. We found two one-channel and six multi-channel clusters in mouse visual cortex with distinct in vivo properties in terms of activity, cortical depth, and behavior. We used biophysical models to map the two one- and the six multi-channel clusters to specific in vitro classes with unique morphology, excitability and conductance properties that explain their distinct extracellular signatures and functional characteristics. These concepts were tested in ground-truth optotagging experiments with two inhibitory classes unveiling distinct in vivo properties. This multi-modal approach presents a powerful way to separate in vivo clusters and infer their cellular properties from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Wei
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- School of Life Sciences/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Soo Yeun Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Anatoly Buchin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Cajal Neuroscience Inc, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Werner Van Geit
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Clayton P Mosher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Shawn Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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12
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Wei Y, Nandi A, Jia X, Siegle JH, Denman D, Lee SY, Buchin A, Geit WV, Mosher CP, Olsen S, Anastassiou CA. Associations between in vitro , in vivo and in silico cell classes in mouse primary visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.532851. [PMID: 37131710 PMCID: PMC10153154 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.532851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The brain consists of many cell classes yet in vivo electrophysiology recordings are typically unable to identify and monitor their activity in the behaving animal. Here, we employed a systematic approach to link cellular, multi-modal in vitro properties from experiments with in vivo recorded units via computational modeling and optotagging experiments. We found two one-channel and six multi-channel clusters in mouse visual cortex with distinct in vivo properties in terms of activity, cortical depth, and behavior. We used biophysical models to map the two one- and the six multi-channel clusters to specific in vitro classes with unique morphology, excitability and conductance properties that explain their distinct extracellular signatures and functional characteristics. These concepts were tested in ground-truth optotagging experiments with two inhibitory classes unveiling distinct in vivo properties. This multi-modal approach presents a powerful way to separate in vivo clusters and infer their cellular properties from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Wei
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Jia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | | | - Soo Yeun Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anatoly Buchin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Cajal Neuroscience Inc, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Werner Van Geit
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Clayton P. Mosher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Shawn Olsen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Costas A. Anastassiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Lead contact
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13
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Yu Y, Akif A, Herman P, Cao M, Rothman DL, Carson RE, Agarwal D, Evans AC, Hyder F. A 3D atlas of functional human brain energetic connectome based on neuropil distribution. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3996-4012. [PMID: 36104858 PMCID: PMC10068297 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is energetically expensive, yet the key factors governing its heterogeneous energy distributions across cortical regions to support its diversity of functions remain unexplored. Here, we built up a 3D digital cortical energy atlas based on the energetic costs of all neuropil activities into a high-resolution stereological map of the human cortex with cellular and synaptic densities derived, respectively, from ex vivo histological staining and in vivo PET imaging. The atlas was validated with PET-measured glucose oxidation at the voxel level. A 3D cortical activity map was calculated to predict the heterogeneous activity rates across all cortical regions, which revealed that resting brain is indeed active with heterogeneous neuronal activity rates averaging around 1.2 Hz, comprising around 70% of the glucose oxidation of the cortex. Additionally, synaptic density dominates spatial patterns of energetics, suggesting that the cortical energetics rely heavily on the distribution of synaptic connections. Recent evidence from functional imaging studies suggests that some cortical areas act as hubs (i.e., interconnecting distinct and functionally active regions). An inverse allometric relationship was observed between hub metabolic rates versus hub volumes. Hubs with smaller volumes have higher synapse density, metabolic rate, and activity rates compared to nonhubs. The open-source BrainEnergyAtlas provides a granular framework for exploring revealing design principles in energy-constrained human cortical circuits across multiple spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Yu
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Research Institute of Intelligent and Complex Systems, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Adil Akif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Miao Cao
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Research Institute of Intelligent and Complex Systems, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Divyansh Agarwal
- Department of Surgery, MGH, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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14
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Abdellahi MEA, Koopman ACM, Treder MS, Lewis PA. Targeting targeted memory reactivation: Characteristics of cued reactivation in sleep. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119820. [PMID: 36535324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a technique in which sensory cues associated with memories during wake are used to trigger memory reactivation during subsequent sleep. The characteristics of such cued reactivation, and the optimal placement of TMR cues, remain to be determined. We built an EEG classification pipeline that discriminated reactivation of right- and left-handed movements and found that cues which fall on the up-going transition of the slow oscillation (SO) are more likely to elicit a classifiable reactivation. We also used a novel machine learning pipeline to predict the likelihood of eliciting a classifiable reactivation after each TMR cue using the presence of spindles and features of SOs. Finally, we found that reactivations occurred either immediately after the cue or one second later. These findings greatly extend our understanding of memory reactivation and pave the way for development of wearable technologies to efficiently enhance memory through cueing in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E A Abdellahi
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne C M Koopman
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias S Treder
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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15
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Tomagra G, Franchino C, Cesano F, Chiarion G, de lure A, Carbone E, Calabresi P, Mesin L, Picconi B, Marcantoni A, Carabelli V. Alpha-synuclein oligomers alter the spontaneous firing discharge of cultured midbrain neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1078550. [PMID: 36744002 PMCID: PMC9896582 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1078550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to monitor the effects of extracellular α-synuclein on the firing activity of midbrain neurons dissociated from substantia nigra TH-GFP mice embryos and cultured on microelectrode arrays (MEA). We monitored the spontaneous firing discharge of the network for 21 days after plating and the role of glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs in regulating burst generation and network synchronism. Addition of GABA A , AMPA and NMDA antagonists did not suppress the spontaneous activity but allowed to identify three types of neurons that exhibited different modalities of firing and response to applied L-DOPA: high-rate (HR) neurons, low-rate pacemaking (LR-p), and low-rate non-pacemaking (LR-np) neurons. Most HR neurons were insensitive to L-DOPA, while the majority of LR-p neurons responded with a decrease of the firing discharge; less defined was the response of LR-np neurons. The effect of exogenous α-synuclein (α-syn) on the firing discharge of midbrain neurons was then studied by varying the exposure time (0-48 h) and the α-syn concentration (0.3-70 μM), while the formation of α-syn oligomers was monitored by means of AFM. Independently of the applied concentration, acute exposure to α-syn monomers did not exert any effect on the spontaneous firing rate of HR, LR-p, and LR-np neurons. On the contrary, after 48 h exposure, the firing activity was drastically altered at late developmental stages (14 days in vitro, DIV, neurons): α-syn oligomers progressively reduced the spontaneous firing discharge (IC50 = 1.03 μM), impaired burst generation and network synchronism, proportionally to the increased oligomer/monomer ratio. Different effects were found on early-stage developed neurons (9 DIV), whose firing discharge remained unaltered, regardless of the applied α-syn concentration and the exposure time. Our findings unravel, for the first time, the variable effects of exogenous α-syn at different stages of midbrain network development and provide new evidence for the early detection of neuronal function impairment associated to aggregated forms of α-syn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tomagra
- Drug Science Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Inter-Departmental Research Centre, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Federico Cesano
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Inter-Departmental Research Centre, Turin, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM-UdR Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chiarion
- Mathematical Biology and Physiology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio de lure
- Laboratory Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Carbone
- Drug Science Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Inter-Departmental Research Centre, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurological Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica del “Sacro Cuore,”Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Mesin
- Mathematical Biology and Physiology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Rome, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umane e Promozione della Qualitá della Vita, Telematic University San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Drug Science Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Inter-Departmental Research Centre, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- Drug Science Department, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Inter-Departmental Research Centre, Turin, Italy
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16
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Goldman JS, Kusch L, Aquilue D, Yalçınkaya BH, Depannemaecker D, Ancourt K, Nghiem TAE, Jirsa V, Destexhe A. A comprehensive neural simulation of slow-wave sleep and highly responsive wakefulness dynamics. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 16:1058957. [PMID: 36714530 PMCID: PMC9880280 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.1058957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hallmarks of neural dynamics during healthy human brain states span spatial scales from neuromodulators acting on microscopic ion channels to macroscopic changes in communication between brain regions. Developing a scale-integrated understanding of neural dynamics has therefore remained challenging. Here, we perform the integration across scales using mean-field modeling of Adaptive Exponential (AdEx) neurons, explicitly incorporating intrinsic properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The model was run using The Virtual Brain (TVB) simulator, and is open-access in EBRAINS. We report that when AdEx mean-field neural populations are connected via structural tracts defined by the human connectome, macroscopic dynamics resembling human brain activity emerge. Importantly, the model can qualitatively and quantitatively account for properties of empirically observed spontaneous and stimulus-evoked dynamics in space, time, phase, and frequency domains. Large-scale properties of cortical dynamics are shown to emerge from both microscopic-scale adaptation that control transitions between wake-like to sleep-like activity, and the organization of the human structural connectome; together, they shape the spatial extent of synchrony and phase coherence across brain regions consistent with the propagation of sleep-like spontaneous traveling waves at intermediate scales. Remarkably, the model also reproduces brain-wide, enhanced responsiveness and capacity to encode information particularly during wake-like states, as quantified using the perturbational complexity index. The model was run using The Virtual Brain (TVB) simulator, and is open-access in EBRAINS. This approach not only provides a scale-integrated understanding of brain states and their underlying mechanisms, but also open access tools to investigate brain responsiveness, toward producing a more unified, formal understanding of experimental data from conscious and unconscious states, as well as their associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Goldman
- CNRS, Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Saclay, France,*Correspondence: Jennifer S. Goldman ✉
| | - Lionel Kusch
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - David Aquilue
- CNRS, Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Saclay, France
| | - Bahar Hazal Yalçınkaya
- CNRS, Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Saclay, France,Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Kevin Ancourt
- CNRS, Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Saclay, France
| | - Trang-Anh E. Nghiem
- CNRS, Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Saclay, France,Laboratoire de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Viktor Jirsa
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Destexhe
- CNRS, Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Saclay, France,Alain Destexhe ✉
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17
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Kim T, Chen D, Hornauer P, Emmenegger V, Bartram J, Ronchi S, Hierlemann A, Schröter M, Roqueiro D. Predicting in vitro single-neuron firing rates upon pharmacological perturbation using Graph Neural Networks. Front Neuroinform 2023; 16:1032538. [PMID: 36713289 PMCID: PMC9874697 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.1032538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide opportunities to study the determinants underlying the complex activity patterns of biological neuronal networks. In this study, we applied GNNs to a large-scale electrophysiological dataset of rodent primary neuronal networks obtained by means of high-density microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs). HD-MEAs allow for long-term recording of extracellular spiking activity of individual neurons and networks and enable the extraction of physiologically relevant features at the single-neuron and population level. We employed established GNNs to generate a combined representation of single-neuron and connectivity features obtained from HD-MEA data, with the ultimate goal of predicting changes in single-neuron firing rate induced by a pharmacological perturbation. The aim of the main prediction task was to assess whether single-neuron and functional connectivity features, inferred under baseline conditions, were informative for predicting changes in neuronal activity in response to a perturbation with Bicuculline, a GABA A receptor antagonist. Our results suggest that the joint representation of node features and functional connectivity, extracted from a baseline recording, was informative for predicting firing rate changes of individual neurons after the perturbation. Specifically, our implementation of a GNN model with inductive learning capability (GraphSAGE) outperformed other prediction models that relied only on single-neuron features. We tested the generalizability of the results on two additional datasets of HD-MEA recordings-a second dataset with cultures perturbed with Bicuculline and a dataset perturbed with the GABA A receptor antagonist Gabazine. GraphSAGE models showed improved prediction accuracy over other prediction models. Our results demonstrate the added value of taking into account the functional connectivity between neurons and the potential of GNNs to study complex interactions between neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Kim
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Machine Learning and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dexiong Chen
- Machine Learning and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Hornauer
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vishalini Emmenegger
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Bartram
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ronchi
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Schröter
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damian Roqueiro
- Machine Learning and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Yi D, Yao Y, Wang Y, Chen L. Manufacturing Processes of Implantable Microelectrode Array for In Vivo Neural Electrophysiological Recordings and Stimulation: A State-Of-the-Art Review. JOURNAL OF MICRO- AND NANO-MANUFACTURING 2022; 10:041001. [PMID: 37860671 PMCID: PMC10583290 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological recording and stimulation of neuron activities are important for us to understand the function and dysfunction of the nervous system. To record/stimulate neuron activities as voltage fluctuation extracellularly, microelectrode array (MEA) implants are a promising tool to provide high temporal and spatial resolution for neuroscience studies and medical treatments. The design configuration and recording capabilities of the MEAs have evolved dramatically since their invention and manufacturing process development has been a key driving force for such advancement. Over the past decade, since the White House Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative launched in 2013, advanced manufacturing processes have enabled advanced MEAs with increased channel count and density, access to more brain areas, more reliable chronic performance, as well as minimal invasiveness and tissue reaction. In this state-of-the-art review paper, three major types of electrophysiological recording MEAs widely used nowadays, namely, microwire-based, silicon-based, and flexible MEAs are introduced and discussed. Conventional design and manufacturing processes and materials used for each type are elaborated, followed by a review of further development and recent advances in manufacturing technologies and the enabling new designs and capabilities. The review concludes with a discussion on potential future directions of manufacturing process development to enable the long-term goal of large-scale high-density brain-wide chronic recordings in freely moving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Yi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Missouri, 416 South 6th Street, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Missouri, E3437C Thomas & Nell Lafferre Hall, 416 South 6th Street, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854
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19
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A Model for the Propagation of Seizure Activity in Normal Brain Tissue. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0234-21.2022. [PMID: 36323513 PMCID: PMC9721309 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0234-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are characterized by paroxysmal electrophysiological events and seizures, which can propagate across the brain. One of the main unsolved questions in epilepsy is how epileptic activity can invade normal tissue and thus propagate across the brain. To investigate this question, we consider three computational models at the neural network scale to study the underlying dynamics of seizure propagation, understand which specific features play a role, and relate them to clinical or experimental observations. We consider both the internal connectivity structure between neurons and the input properties in our characterization. We show that a paroxysmal input is sometimes controlled by the network while in other instances, it can lead the network activity to itself produce paroxysmal activity, and thus will further propagate to efferent networks. We further show how the details of the network architecture are essential to determine this switch to a seizure-like regime. We investigated the nature of the instability involved and in particular found a central role for the inhibitory connectivity. We propose a probabilistic approach to the propagative/non-propagative scenarios, which may serve as a guide to control the seizure by using appropriate stimuli.
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20
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Gill BJA, Khan FA, Goldberg AR, Merricks EM, Wu X, Sosunov AA, Sudhakar TD, Dovas A, Lado W, Michalak AJ, Teoh JJ, Liou JY, Frankel WN, McKhann GM, Canoll P, Schevon CA. Single unit analysis and wide-field imaging reveal alterations in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in glioma. Brain 2022; 145:3666-3680. [PMID: 35552612 PMCID: PMC10202150 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While several studies have attributed the development of tumour-associated seizures to an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, we have yet to resolve the spatiotemporal interplay between different types of neuron in glioma-infiltrated cortex. Herein, we combined methods for single unit analysis of microelectrode array recordings with wide-field optical mapping of Thy1-GCaMP pyramidal cells in an ex vivo acute slice model of diffusely infiltrating glioma. This enabled simultaneous tracking of individual neurons from both excitatory and inhibitory populations throughout seizure-like events. Moreover, our approach allowed for observation of how the crosstalk between these neurons varied spatially, as we recorded across an extended region of glioma-infiltrated cortex. In tumour-bearing slices, we observed marked alterations in single units classified as putative fast-spiking interneurons, including reduced firing, activity concentrated within excitatory bursts and deficits in local inhibition. These results were correlated with increases in overall excitability. Mechanistic perturbation of this system with the mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 revealed increased firing of putative fast-spiking interneurons and restoration of local inhibition, with concomitant decreases in overall excitability. Altogether, our findings suggest that diffusely infiltrating glioma affect the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations in a reversible manner, highlighting a prominent role for functional mechanisms linked to mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J A Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Farhan A Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander R Goldberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Edward M Merricks
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander A Sosunov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tejaswi D Sudhakar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wudu Lado
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew J Michalak
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jia Jie Teoh
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jyun-you Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wayne N Frankel
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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21
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Dickey CW, Verzhbinsky IA, Jiang X, Rosen BQ, Kajfez S, Eskandar EN, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Cash SS, Halgren E. Cortical Ripples during NREM Sleep and Waking in Humans. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7931-7946. [PMID: 36041852 PMCID: PMC9617618 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0742-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal ripples index the reconstruction of spatiotemporal neuronal firing patterns essential for the consolidation of memories in the cortex during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM). Recently, cortical ripples in humans have been shown to enfold the replay of neuron firing patterns during cued recall. Here, using intracranial recordings from 18 patients (12 female), we show that cortical ripples also occur during NREM in humans, with similar density, oscillation frequency (∼90 Hz), duration, and amplitude to waking. Ripples occurred in all cortical regions with similar characteristics, unrelated to putative hippocampal connectivity, and were less dense and robust in higher association areas. Putative pyramidal and interneuron spiking phase-locked to cortical ripples during NREM, with phase delays consistent with ripple generation through pyramidal-interneuron feedback. Cortical ripples were smaller in amplitude than hippocampal ripples but were similar in density, frequency, and duration. Cortical ripples during NREM typically occurred just before the upstate peak, often during spindles. Upstates and spindles have previously been associated with memory consolidation, and we found that cortical ripples grouped cofiring between units within the window of spike timing-dependent plasticity. Thus, human NREM cortical ripples are as follows: ubiquitous and stereotyped with a tightly focused oscillation frequency; similar to hippocampal ripples; associated with upstates and spindles; and associated with unit cofiring. These properties are consistent with cortical ripples possibly contributing to memory consolidation and other functions during NREM in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In rodents, hippocampal ripples organize replay during sleep to promote memory consolidation in the cortex, where ripples also occur. However, evidence for cortical ripples in human sleep is limited, and their anatomic distribution and physiological properties are unexplored. Here, using human intracranial recordings, we demonstrate that ripples occur throughout the cortex during waking and sleep with highly stereotyped characteristics. During sleep, cortical ripples tend to occur during spindles on the down-to-upstate transition, and thus participate in a sequence of sleep waves that is important for consolidation. Furthermore, cortical ripples organize single-unit spiking with timing optimal to facilitate plasticity. Therefore, cortical ripples in humans possess essential physiological properties to support memory and other cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Dickey
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ilya A Verzhbinsky
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Xi Jiang
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Burke Q Rosen
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Sophie Kajfez
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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22
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Numan T, Breedt LC, Maciel BDAPC, Kulik SD, Derks J, Schoonheim MM, Klein M, de Witt Hamer PC, Miller JJ, Gerstner ER, Stufflebeam SM, Hillebrand A, Stam CJ, Geurts JJG, Reijneveld JC, Douw L. Regional healthy brain activity, glioma occurrence and symptomatology. Brain 2022; 145:3654-3665. [PMID: 36130310 PMCID: PMC9586543 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear why exactly gliomas show preferential occurrence in certain brain areas. Increased spiking activity around gliomas leads to faster tumour growth in animal models, while higher non-invasively measured brain activity is related to shorter survival in patients. However, it is unknown how regional intrinsic brain activity, as measured in healthy controls, relates to glioma occurrence. We first investigated whether gliomas occur more frequently in regions with intrinsically higher brain activity. Second, we explored whether intrinsic cortical activity at individual patients’ tumour locations relates to tumour and patient characteristics. Across three cross-sectional cohorts, 413 patients were included. Individual tumour masks were created. Intrinsic regional brain activity was assessed through resting-state magnetoencephalography acquired in healthy controls and source-localized to 210 cortical brain regions. Brain activity was operationalized as: (i) broadband power; and (ii) offset of the aperiodic component of the power spectrum, which both reflect neuronal spiking of the underlying neuronal population. We additionally assessed (iii) the slope of the aperiodic component of the power spectrum, which is thought to reflect the neuronal excitation/inhibition ratio. First, correlation coefficients were calculated between group-level regional glioma occurrence, as obtained by concatenating tumour masks across patients, and group-averaged regional intrinsic brain activity. Second, intrinsic brain activity at specific tumour locations was calculated by overlaying patients’ individual tumour masks with regional intrinsic brain activity of the controls and was associated with tumour and patient characteristics. As proposed, glioma preferentially occurred in brain regions characterized by higher intrinsic brain activity in controls as reflected by higher offset. Second, intrinsic brain activity at patients’ individual tumour locations differed according to glioma subtype and performance status: the most malignant isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type glioblastoma patients had the lowest excitation/inhibition ratio at their individual tumour locations as compared to isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted glioma patients, while a lower excitation/inhibition ratio related to poorer Karnofsky Performance Status, particularly in codeleted glioma patients. In conclusion, gliomas more frequently occur in cortical brain regions with intrinsically higher activity levels, suggesting that more active regions are more vulnerable to glioma development. Moreover, indices of healthy, intrinsic excitation/inhibition ratio at patients’ individual tumour locations may capture both tumour biology and patients’ performance status. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex and bidirectional relationship between normal brain functioning and glioma growth, which is at the core of the relatively new field of ‘cancer neuroscience’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianne Numan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Systems and Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas C Breedt
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Systems and Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Bernardo de A P C Maciel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Systems and Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Shanna D Kulik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Systems and Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Derks
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Systems and Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Systems and Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Klein
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C de Witt Hamer
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Julie J Miller
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gerstner
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven M Stufflebeam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Arjan Hillebrand
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Stam
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J G Geurts
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap C Reijneveld
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede 2103 SW, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Douw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Systems and Network Neuroscience, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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23
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Curot J, Barbeau E, Despouy E, Denuelle M, Sol JC, Lotterie JA, Valton L, Peyrache A. Local neuronal excitation and global inhibition during epileptic fast ripples in humans. Brain 2022; 146:561-575. [PMID: 36093747 PMCID: PMC9924905 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neuronal basis of epileptic activity is a major challenge in neurology. Cellular integration into larger scale networks is all the more challenging. In the local field potential, interictal epileptic discharges can be associated with fast ripples (200-600 Hz), which are a promising marker of the epileptogenic zone. Yet, how neuronal populations in the epileptogenic zone and in healthy tissue are affected by fast ripples remain unclear. Here, we used a novel 'hybrid' macro-micro depth electrode in nine drug-resistant epileptic patients, combining classic depth recording of local field potentials (macro-contacts) and two or three tetrodes (four micro-wires bundled together) enabling up to 15 neurons in local circuits to be simultaneously recorded. We characterized neuronal responses (190 single units) with the timing of fast ripples (2233 fast ripples) on the same hybrid and other electrodes that target other brain regions. Micro-wire recordings reveal signals that are not visible on macro-contacts. While fast ripples detected on the closest macro-contact to the tetrodes were always associated with fast ripples on the tetrodes, 82% of fast ripples detected on tetrodes were associated with detectable fast ripples on the nearest macro-contact. Moreover, neuronal recordings were taken in and outside the epileptogenic zone of implanted epileptic subjects and they revealed an interlay of excitation and inhibition across anatomical scales. While fast ripples were associated with increased neuronal activity in very local circuits only, they were followed by inhibition in large-scale networks (beyond the epileptogenic zone, even in healthy cortex). Neuronal responses to fast ripples were homogeneous in local networks but differed across brain areas. Similarly, post-fast ripple inhibition varied across recording locations and subjects and was shorter than typical inter-fast ripple intervals, suggesting that this inhibition is a fundamental refractory process for the networks. These findings demonstrate that fast ripples engage local and global networks, including healthy tissue, and point to network features that pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. They also reveal how even localized pathological brain dynamics can affect a broad range of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Curot
- Correspondence to: Jonathan Curot, MD, PhD CerCo CNRS UMR 5549, Université Toulouse III CHU Purpan, Pavillon Baudot, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France E-mail:
| | - Emmanuel Barbeau
- Brain and Cognition Research Center (CerCo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5549, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Health, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Despouy
- Brain and Cognition Research Center (CerCo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Denuelle
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France,Brain and Cognition Research Center (CerCo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Christophe Sol
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Health, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France,Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, U1214, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Albert Lotterie
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France,Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM, U1214, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France,Brain and Cognition Research Center (CerCo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Adrien Peyrache
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Adrien Peyrache, PhD Montreal Neurological Institute Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University, 3810 University Street Montreal, Quebec, Canada E-mail:
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24
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Hassan AR, Zhao Z, Ferrero JJ, Cea C, Jastrzebska‐Perfect P, Myers J, Asman P, Ince NF, McKhann G, Viswanathan A, Sheth SA, Khodagholy D, Gelinas JN. Translational Organic Neural Interface Devices at Single Neuron Resolution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202306. [PMID: 35908811 PMCID: PMC9507374 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recording from the human brain at the spatiotemporal resolution of action potentials provides critical insight into mechanisms of higher cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric disease that is challenging to derive from animal models. Here, organic materials and conformable electronics are employed to create an integrated neural interface device compatible with minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures and geared toward chronic implantation on the surface of the human brain. Data generated with these devices enable identification and characterization of individual, spatially distribute human cortical neurons in the absence of any tissue penetration (n = 229 single units). Putative single-units are effectively clustered, and found to possess features characteristic of pyramidal cells and interneurons, as well as identifiable microcircuit interactions. Human neurons exhibit consistent phase modulation by oscillatory activity and a variety of population coupling responses. The parameters are furthermore established to optimize the yield and quality of single-unit activity from the cortical surface, enhancing the ability to investigate human neural network mechanisms without breaching the tissue interface and increasing the information that can be safely derived from neurophysiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahnaf Rashik Hassan
- Institute for Genomic MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Zifang Zhao
- Department of Electrical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Jose J. Ferrero
- Institute for Genomic MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
| | - Claudia Cea
- Department of Electrical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | | | - John Myers
- Department of NeurosurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Priscella Asman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
| | - Nuri Firat Ince
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77004USA
| | - Guy McKhann
- Department of NeurosurgeryColumbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNY10032USA
| | | | - Sameer A. Sheth
- Department of NeurosurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Jennifer N. Gelinas
- Institute for Genomic MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY10032USA
- Department of NeurologyColumbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNY10032USA
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25
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Jajcay N, Cakan C, Obermayer K. Cross-Frequency Slow Oscillation–Spindle Coupling in a Biophysically Realistic Thalamocortical Neural Mass Model. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:769860. [PMID: 35603132 PMCID: PMC9120371 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.769860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep manifests itself by the spontaneous emergence of characteristic oscillatory rhythms, which often time-lock and are implicated in memory formation. Here, we analyze a neural mass model of the thalamocortical loop in which the cortical node can generate slow oscillations (approximately 1 Hz) while its thalamic component can generate fast sleep spindles of σ-band activity (12–15 Hz). We study the dynamics for different coupling strengths between the thalamic and cortical nodes, for different conductance values of the thalamic node's potassium leak and hyperpolarization-activated cation-nonselective currents, and for different parameter regimes of the cortical node. The latter are listed as follows: (1) a low activity (DOWN) state with noise-induced, transient excursions into a high activity (UP) state, (2) an adaptation induced slow oscillation limit cycle with alternating UP and DOWN states, and (3) a high activity (UP) state with noise-induced, transient excursions into the low activity (DOWN) state. During UP states, thalamic spindling is abolished or reduced. During DOWN states, the thalamic node generates sleep spindles, which in turn can cause DOWN to UP transitions in the cortical node. Consequently, this leads to spindle-induced UP state transitions in parameter regime (1), thalamic spindles induced in some but not all DOWN states in regime (2), and thalamic spindles following UP to DOWN transitions in regime (3). The spindle-induced σ-band activity in the cortical node, however, is typically the strongest during the UP state, which follows a DOWN state “window of opportunity” for spindling. When the cortical node is parametrized in regime (3), the model well explains the interactions between slow oscillations and sleep spindles observed experimentally during Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep. The model is computationally efficient and can be integrated into large-scale modeling frameworks to study spatial aspects like sleep wave propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Jajcay
- Neural Information Processing Group, Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nikola Jajcay
| | - Caglar Cakan
- Neural Information Processing Group, Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Obermayer
- Neural Information Processing Group, Department of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Hofer KT, Kandrács Á, Tóth K, Hajnal B, Bokodi V, Tóth EZ, Erőss L, Entz L, Bagó AG, Fabó D, Ulbert I, Wittner L. Bursting of excitatory cells is linked to interictal epileptic discharge generation in humans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6280. [PMID: 35428851 PMCID: PMC9012754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the activity of single neurons is essential in understanding the mechanisms of synchrony generation, and particularly interesting if related to pathological conditions. The generation of interictal spikes—the hypersynchronous events between seizures—is linked to hyperexcitability and to bursting behaviour of neurons in animal models. To explore its cellular mechanisms in humans we investigated the activity of clustered single neurons in a human in vitro model generating both physiological and epileptiform synchronous events. We show that non-epileptic synchronous events resulted from the finely balanced firing of excitatory and inhibitory cells, which was shifted towards an enhanced excitability in epileptic tissue. In contrast, interictal-like spikes were characterised by an asymmetric overall neuronal discharge initiated by excitatory neurons with the presumptive leading role of bursting pyramidal cells, and possibly terminated by inhibitory interneurons. We found that the overall burstiness of human neocortical neurons is not necessarily related to epilepsy, but the bursting behaviour of excitatory cells comprising both intrinsic and synaptically driven bursting is clearly linked to the generation of epileptiform synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T Hofer
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ágnes Kandrács
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Hajnal
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1143, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University Doctoral School, 1026, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Virág Bokodi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Estilla Zsófia Tóth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University Doctoral School, 1026, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Entz
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila G Bagó
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.,National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucia Wittner
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary. .,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1083, Budapest, Hungary. .,National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1143, Budapest, Hungary.
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27
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Wainstein G, Müller EJ, Taylor N, Munn B, Shine JM. The role of the locus coeruleus in shaping adaptive cortical melodies. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:527-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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González-Ramírez LR. Fractional-Order Traveling Wave Approximations for a Fractional-Order Neural Field Model. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:788924. [PMID: 35399918 PMCID: PMC8987931 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.788924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we establish a fractional-order neural field mathematical model with Caputo's fractional derivative temporal order α considering 0 < α < 2, to analyze the effect of fractional-order on cortical wave features observed preceding seizure termination. The importance of this incorporation relies on the theoretical framework established by fractional-order derivatives in which memory and hereditary properties of a system are considered. Employing Mittag-Leffler functions, we first obtain approximate fractional-order solutions that provide information about the initial wave dynamics in a fractional-order frame. We then consider the Adomian decomposition method to approximate pulse solutions in a wider range of orders and longer times. The former approach establishes a direct way to investigate the initial relationships between fractional-order and wave features, such as wave speed and wave width. In contrast, the latter approach displays wave propagation dynamics in different fractional orders for longer times. Using the previous two approaches, we establish approximate wave solutions with characteristics consistent with in vivo cortical waves preceding seizure termination. In our analysis, we find consistent differences in the initial effect of the fractional-order on the features of wave speed and wave width, depending on whether α <1 or α>1. Both cases can model the shape of cortical wave propagation for different fractional-orders at the cost of modifying the wave speed. Our results also show that the effect of fractional-order on wave width depends on the synaptic threshold and the synaptic connectivity extent. Fractional-order derivatives have been interpreted as the memory trace of the system. This property and the results of our analysis suggest that fractional-order derivatives and neuronal collective memory modify cortical wave features.
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29
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Li HY, Cheng GM, Ching ESC. Heterogeneous Responses to Changes in Inhibitory Synaptic Strength in Networks of Spiking Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:785207. [PMID: 35281294 PMCID: PMC8908097 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.785207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
How does the dynamics of neurons in a network respond to changes in synaptic weights? Answer to this question would be important for a full understanding of synaptic plasticity. In this article, we report our numerical study of the effects of changes in inhibitory synaptic weights on the spontaneous activity of networks of spiking neurons with conductance-based synapses. Networks with biologically realistic features, which were reconstructed from multi-electrode array recordings taken in a cortical neuronal culture, and their modifications were used in the simulations. The magnitudes of the synaptic weights of all the inhibitory connections are decreased by a uniform amount subjecting to the condition that inhibitory connections would not be turned into excitatory ones. Our simulation results reveal that the responses of the neurons are heterogeneous: while the firing rate of some neurons increases as expected, the firing rate of other neurons decreases or remains unchanged. The same results show that heterogeneous responses also occur for an enhancement of inhibition. This heterogeneity in the responses of neurons to changes in inhibitory synaptic strength suggests that activity-induced modification of synaptic strength does not necessarily generate a positive feedback loop on the dynamics of neurons connected in a network. Our results could be used to understand the effects of bicuculline on spiking and bursting activities of neuronal cultures. Using reconstructed networks with biologically realistic features enables us to identify a long-tailed distribution of average synaptic weights for outgoing links as a crucial feature in giving rise to bursting in neuronal networks and in determining the overall response of the whole network to changes in synaptic strength. For networks whose average synaptic weights for outgoing links have a long-tailed distribution, bursting is observed and the average firing rate of the whole network increases upon inhibition suppression or decreases upon inhibition enhancement. For networks whose average synaptic weights for outgoing links are approximately normally distributed, bursting is not found and the average firing rate of the whole network remains approximately constant upon changes in inhibitory synaptic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily S. C. Ching
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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30
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Adeyelu T, Shrestha A, Adeniyi PA, Lee CC, Ogundele OM. CA1 Spike Timing is Impaired in the 129S Inbred Strain During Cognitive Tasks. Neuroscience 2022; 484:119-138. [PMID: 34800576 PMCID: PMC8844212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A spontaneous mutation of the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (Disc1) gene is carried by the 129S inbred mouse strain. Truncated DISC1 protein in 129S mouse synapses impairs the scaffolding of excitatory postsynaptic receptors and leads to progressive spine dysgenesis. In contrast, C57BL/6 inbred mice carry the wild-type Disc1 gene and exhibit more typical cognitive performance in spatial exploration and executive behavioral tests. Because of the innate Disc1 mutation, adult 129S inbred mice exhibit the behavioral phenotypes of outbred B6 Disc1 knockdown (Disc1-/-) or Disc1-L-100P mutant strains. Recent studies in Disc1-/- and L-100P mice have shown that impaired excitation-driven interneuron activity and low hippocampal theta power underlie the behavioral phenotypes that resemble human depression and schizophrenia. The current study compared the firing rate and connectivity profile of putative neurons in the CA1 of freely behaving inbred 129S and B6 mice, which have mutant and wild-type Disc1 genes, respectively. In cognitive behavioral tests, 129S mice had lower exploration scores than B6 mice. Furthermore, the mean firing rate for 129S putative pyramidal (pyr) cells and interneurons (int) was significantly lower than that for B6 CA1 neurons sampled during similar tasks. Analysis of pyr/int connectivity revealed a significant delay in synaptic transmission for 129S putative pairs. Sampled 129S pyr/int pairs also had lower detectability index scores than B6 putative pairs. Therefore, the spontaneous Disc1 mutation in the 129S strain attenuates the firing of putative pyr CA1 neurons and impairs spike timing fidelity during cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Adeyelu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
| | - Amita Shrestha
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
| | - Philip A. Adeniyi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
| | - Charles C. Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
| | - Olalekan M. Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine. Baton Rouge, LA70803, Louisiana
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Paulk AC, Kfir Y, Khanna AR, Mustroph ML, Trautmann EM, Soper DJ, Stavisky SD, Welkenhuysen M, Dutta B, Shenoy KV, Hochberg LR, Richardson RM, Williams ZM, Cash SS. Large-scale neural recordings with single neuron resolution using Neuropixels probes in human cortex. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:252-263. [PMID: 35102333 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in multi-electrode array technology have made it possible to monitor large neuronal ensembles at cellular resolution in animal models. In humans, however, current approaches restrict recordings to a few neurons per penetrating electrode or combine the signals of thousands of neurons in local field potential (LFP) recordings. Here we describe a new probe variant and set of techniques that enable simultaneous recording from over 200 well-isolated cortical single units in human participants during intraoperative neurosurgical procedures using silicon Neuropixels probes. We characterized a diversity of extracellular waveforms with eight separable single-unit classes, with differing firing rates, locations along the length of the electrode array, waveform spatial spread and modulation by LFP events such as inter-ictal discharges and burst suppression. Although some challenges remain in creating a turnkey recording system, high-density silicon arrays provide a path for studying human-specific cognitive processes and their dysfunction at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique C Paulk
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yoav Kfir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arjun R Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina L Mustroph
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Trautmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute and Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Dan J Soper
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergey D Stavisky
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute and Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute and Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Rehabilitation R&D Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziv M Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Dahmen D, Layer M, Deutz L, Dąbrowska PA, Voges N, von Papen M, Brochier T, Riehle A, Diesmann M, Grün S, Helias M. Global organization of neuronal activity only requires unstructured local connectivity. eLife 2022; 11:e68422. [PMID: 35049496 PMCID: PMC8776256 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern electrophysiological recordings simultaneously capture single-unit spiking activities of hundreds of neurons spread across large cortical distances. Yet, this parallel activity is often confined to relatively low-dimensional manifolds. This implies strong coordination also among neurons that are most likely not even connected. Here, we combine in vivo recordings with network models and theory to characterize the nature of mesoscopic coordination patterns in macaque motor cortex and to expose their origin: We find that heterogeneity in local connectivity supports network states with complex long-range cooperation between neurons that arises from multi-synaptic, short-range connections. Our theory explains the experimentally observed spatial organization of covariances in resting state recordings as well as the behaviorally related modulation of covariance patterns during a reach-to-grasp task. The ubiquity of heterogeneity in local cortical circuits suggests that the brain uses the described mechanism to flexibly adapt neuronal coordination to momentary demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahmen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
| | - Moritz Layer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Lukas Deutz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- School of Computing, University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Paulina Anna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Nicole Voges
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS - Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Michael von Papen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
| | - Thomas Brochier
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS - Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Alexa Riehle
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS - Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Markus Diesmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Department of Physics, Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Moritz Helias
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine and Institute for Advanced Simulation and JARA Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships, Jülich Research CentreJülichGermany
- Department of Physics, Faculty 1, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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Functional Characterization of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Models of the Brain with Microelectrode Arrays. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010106. [PMID: 35011667 PMCID: PMC8750870 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neuron cultures have emerged as models of electrical activity in the human brain. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) measure changes in the extracellular electric potential of cell cultures or tissues and enable the recording of neuronal network activity. MEAs have been applied to both human subjects and hPSC-derived brain models. Here, we review the literature on the functional characterization of hPSC-derived two- and three-dimensional brain models with MEAs and examine their network function in physiological and pathological contexts. We also summarize MEA results from the human brain and compare them to the literature on MEA recordings of hPSC-derived brain models. MEA recordings have shown network activity in two-dimensional hPSC-derived brain models that is comparable to the human brain and revealed pathology-associated changes in disease models. Three-dimensional hPSC-derived models such as brain organoids possess a more relevant microenvironment, tissue architecture and potential for modeling the network activity with more complexity than two-dimensional models. hPSC-derived brain models recapitulate many aspects of network function in the human brain and provide valid disease models, but certain advancements in differentiation methods, bioengineering and available MEA technology are needed for these approaches to reach their full potential.
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Li Y, Kim R, Sejnowski TJ. Learning the Synaptic and Intrinsic Membrane Dynamics Underlying Working Memory in Spiking Neural Network Models. Neural Comput 2021; 33:3264-3287. [PMID: 34710902 PMCID: PMC8662709 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent neural network (RNN) models trained to perform cognitive tasks are a useful computational tool for understanding how cortical circuits execute complex computations. However, these models are often composed of units that interact with one another using continuous signals and overlook parameters intrinsic to spiking neurons. Here, we developed a method to directly train not only synaptic-related variables but also membrane-related parameters of a spiking RNN model. Training our model on a wide range of cognitive tasks resulted in diverse yet task-specific synaptic and membrane parameters. We also show that fast membrane time constants and slow synaptic decay dynamics naturally emerge from our model when it is trained on tasks associated with working memory (WM). Further dissecting the optimized parameters revealed that fast membrane properties are important for encoding stimuli, and slow synaptic dynamics are needed for WM maintenance. This approach offers a unique window into how connectivity patterns and intrinsic neuronal properties contribute to complex dynamics in neural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Li
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A.
| | - Robert Kim
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Neurosciences Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A.
| | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Institute for Neural Computation and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A.
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35
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Susin E, Destexhe A. Integration, coincidence detection and resonance in networks of spiking neurons expressing Gamma oscillations and asynchronous states. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009416. [PMID: 34529655 PMCID: PMC8478196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma oscillations are widely seen in the awake and sleeping cerebral cortex, but the exact role of these oscillations is still debated. Here, we used biophysical models to examine how Gamma oscillations may participate to the processing of afferent stimuli. We constructed conductance-based network models of Gamma oscillations, based on different cell types found in cerebral cortex. The models were adjusted to extracellular unit recordings in humans, where Gamma oscillations always coexist with the asynchronous firing mode. We considered three different mechanisms to generate Gamma, first a mechanism based on the interaction between pyramidal neurons and interneurons (PING), second a mechanism in which Gamma is generated by interneuron networks (ING) and third, a mechanism which relies on Gamma oscillations generated by pacemaker chattering neurons (CHING). We find that all three mechanisms generate features consistent with human recordings, but that the ING mechanism is most consistent with the firing rate change inside Gamma bursts seen in the human data. We next evaluated the responsiveness and resonant properties of these networks, contrasting Gamma oscillations with the asynchronous mode. We find that for both slowly-varying stimuli and precisely-timed stimuli, the responsiveness is generally lower during Gamma compared to asynchronous states, while resonant properties are similar around the Gamma band. We could not find conditions where Gamma oscillations were more responsive. We therefore predict that asynchronous states provide the highest responsiveness to external stimuli, while Gamma oscillations tend to overall diminish responsiveness. In the awake and attentive brain, the activity of neurons is typically asynchronous and irregular. It also occasionally displays oscillations in the Gamma frequency range (30–90 Hz), which are believed to be involved in information processing. Here, we use computational models to investigate how brain circuits generate oscillations in a manner consistent with microelectrode recordings in humans. We then study how these networks respond to external input, comparing asynchronous and oscillatory states. This is tested according to several paradigms, an integrative mode, where slowly varying inputs are progressively integrated, a coincidence detection mode, where brief inputs are processed according to the phase of the oscillations, and a resonance mode where the network is probed with oscillatory inputs. Surprisingly, we find that in all cases, the presence of Gamma oscillations tends to diminish the responsiveness to external inputs. We discuss possible implications of this responsiveness decrease on information processing and propose new directions for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Susin
- Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Alain Destexhe
- Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Nobukawa S, Nishimura H, Wagatsuma N, Ando S, Yamanishi T. Long-Tailed Characteristic of Spiking Pattern Alternation Induced by Log-Normal Excitatory Synaptic Distribution. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2021; 32:3525-3537. [PMID: 32822305 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2020.3015208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of structural connectivity at the synaptic level show that in synaptic connections of the cerebral cortex, the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in most synapses exhibits sub-mV values, while a small number of synapses exhibit large EPSPs ( >~1.0 [mV]). This means that the distribution of EPSP fits a log-normal distribution. While not restricting structural connectivity, skewed and long-tailed distributions have been widely observed in neural activities, such as the occurrences of spiking rates and the size of a synchronously spiking population. Many studies have been modeled this long-tailed EPSP neural activity distribution; however, its causal factors remain controversial. This study focused on the long-tailed EPSP distributions and interlateral synaptic connections primarily observed in the cortical network structures, thereby having constructed a spiking neural network consistent with these features. Especially, we constructed two coupled modules of spiking neural networks with excitatory and inhibitory neural populations with a log-normal EPSP distribution. We evaluated the spiking activities for different input frequencies and with/without strong synaptic connections. These coupled modules exhibited intermittent intermodule-alternative behavior, given moderate input frequency and the existence of strong synaptic and intermodule connections. Moreover, the power analysis, multiscale entropy analysis, and surrogate data analysis revealed that the long-tailed EPSP distribution and intermodule connections enhanced the complexity of spiking activity at large temporal scales and induced nonlinear dynamics and neural activity that followed the long-tailed distribution.
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37
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Puppo F, Pré D, Bang AG, Silva GA. Super-Selective Reconstruction of Causal and Direct Connectivity With Application to in vitro iPSC Neuronal Networks. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:647877. [PMID: 34335152 PMCID: PMC8323822 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.647877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in the development of cell-based in-vitro neuronal network models, the lack of appropriate computational tools limits their analyses. Methods aimed at deciphering the effective connections between neurons from extracellular spike recordings would increase utility of in vitro local neural circuits, especially for studies of human neural development and disease based on induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Current techniques allow statistical inference of functional couplings in the network but are fundamentally unable to correctly identify indirect and apparent connections between neurons, generating redundant maps with limited ability to model the causal dynamics of the network. In this paper, we describe a novel mathematically rigorous, model-free method to map effective-direct and causal-connectivity of neuronal networks from multi-electrode array data. The inference algorithm uses a combination of statistical and deterministic indicators which, first, enables identification of all existing functional links in the network and then reconstructs the directed and causal connection diagram via a super-selective rule enabling highly accurate classification of direct, indirect, and apparent links. Our method can be generally applied to the functional characterization of any in vitro neuronal networks. Here, we show that, given its accuracy, it can offer important insights into the functional development of in vitro hiPSC-derived neuronal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Puppo
- BioCircuits Institute and Center for Engineered Natural Intelligence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Deborah Pré
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anne G. Bang
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel A. Silva
- BioCircuits Institute, Center for Engineered Natural Intelligence, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Barbero‐Castillo A, Riefolo F, Matera C, Caldas‐Martínez S, Mateos‐Aparicio P, Weinert JF, Garrido‐Charles A, Claro E, Sanchez‐Vives MV, Gorostiza P. Control of Brain State Transitions with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2005027. [PMID: 34018704 PMCID: PMC8292914 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202005027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control neural activity is essential for research not only in basic neuroscience, as spatiotemporal control of activity is a fundamental experimental tool, but also in clinical neurology for therapeutic brain interventions. Transcranial-magnetic, ultrasound, and alternating/direct current (AC/DC) stimulation are some available means of spatiotemporal controlled neuromodulation. There is also light-mediated control, such as optogenetics, which has revolutionized neuroscience research, yet its clinical translation is hampered by the need for gene manipulation. As a drug-based light-mediated control, the effect of a photoswitchable muscarinic agonist (Phthalimide-Azo-Iper (PAI)) on a brain network is evaluated in this study. First, the conditions to manipulate M2 muscarinic receptors with light in the experimental setup are determined. Next, physiological synchronous emergent cortical activity consisting of slow oscillations-as in slow wave sleep-is transformed into a higher frequency pattern in the cerebral cortex, both in vitro and in vivo, as a consequence of PAI activation with light. These results open the way to study cholinergic neuromodulation and to control spatiotemporal patterns of activity in different brain states, their transitions, and their links to cognition and behavior. The approach can be applied to different organisms and does not require genetic manipulation, which would make it translational to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Riefolo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute for Science and TechnologyBarcelona08028Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in BioengineeringBiomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute for Science and TechnologyBarcelona08028Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in BioengineeringBiomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Madrid28029Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanMilan20133Italy
| | - Sara Caldas‐Martínez
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona08036Spain
| | - Pedro Mateos‐Aparicio
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona08036Spain
| | - Julia F. Weinert
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona08036Spain
| | - Aida Garrido‐Charles
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute for Science and TechnologyBarcelona08028Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in BioengineeringBiomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Enrique Claro
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia MolecularUnitat de Bioquímica de MedicinaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)Barcelona08193Spain
| | - Maria V. Sanchez‐Vives
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona08036Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)Barcelona08010Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute for Science and TechnologyBarcelona08028Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in BioengineeringBiomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Madrid28029Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)Barcelona08010Spain
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Reduced Firing of Nucleus Accumbens Parvalbumin Interneurons Impairs Risk Avoidance in DISC1 Transgenic Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1325-1338. [PMID: 34143365 PMCID: PMC8423984 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong animal survival instinct is to approach objects and situations that are of benefit and to avoid risk. In humans, a large proportion of mental disorders are accompanied by impairments in risk avoidance. One of the most important genes involved in mental disorders is disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), and animal models in which this gene has some level of dysfunction show emotion-related impairments. However, it is not known whether DISC1 mouse models have an impairment in avoiding potential risks. In the present study, we used DISC1-N terminal truncation (DISC1-NTM) mice to investigate risk avoidance and found that these mice were impaired in risk avoidance on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and showed reduced social preference in a three-chamber social interaction test. Following EPM tests, c-Fos expression levels indicated that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was associated with risk-avoidance behavior in DISC1-NTM mice. In addition, in vivo electrophysiological recordings following tamoxifen administration showed that the firing rates of fast-spiking neurons (FS) in the NAc were significantly lower in DISC1-NTM mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, in vitro patch clamp recording revealed that the frequency of action potentials stimulated by current injection was lower in parvalbumin (PV) neurons in the NAc of DISC1-NTM mice than in WT controls. The impairment of risk avoidance in DISC1-NTM mice was rescued using optogenetic tools that activated NAcPV neurons. Finally, inhibition of the activity of NAcPV neurons in PV-Cre mice mimicked the risk-avoidance impairment found in DISC1-NTM mice during tests on the elevated zero maze. Taken together, our findings confirm an impairment in risk avoidance in DISC1-NTM mice and suggest that reduced excitability of NAcPV neurons is responsible.
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Dąbrowska PA, Voges N, von Papen M, Ito J, Dahmen D, Riehle A, Brochier T, Grün S. On the Complexity of Resting State Spiking Activity in Monkey Motor Cortex. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab033. [PMID: 34296183 PMCID: PMC8271144 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state has been established as a classical paradigm of brain activity studies, mostly based on large-scale measurements such as functional magnetic resonance imaging or magneto- and electroencephalography. This term typically refers to a behavioral state characterized by the absence of any task or stimuli. The corresponding neuronal activity is often called idle or ongoing. Numerous modeling studies on spiking neural networks claim to mimic such idle states, but compare their results with task- or stimulus-driven experiments, or to results from experiments with anesthetized subjects. Both approaches might lead to misleading conclusions. To provide a proper basis for comparing physiological and simulated network dynamics, we characterize simultaneously recorded single neurons' spiking activity in monkey motor cortex at rest and show the differences from spontaneous and task- or stimulus-induced movement conditions. We also distinguish between rest with open eyes and sleepy rest with eyes closed. The resting state with open eyes shows a significantly higher dimensionality, reduced firing rates, and less balance between population level excitation and inhibition than behavior-related states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Anna Dąbrowska
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Nicole Voges
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Michael von Papen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Junji Ito
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - David Dahmen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Alexa Riehle
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS-AMU, Marseille 13005, France.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Thomas Brochier
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, CNRS-AMU, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Sonja Grün
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6 and INM-10) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich 52425, Germany.,Theoretical Systems Neurobiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
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Robinson PA, Gao X, Han Y. Relationships between lognormal distributions of neural properties, activity, criticality, and connectivity. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2021; 115:121-130. [PMID: 33825983 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-021-00871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between convergence of inputs onto neurons, divergence of outputs from them, synaptic strengths, nonlinear firing response properties, and randomness of axonal ranges are systematically explored by interrelating means and variances of synaptic strengths, firing rates, and soma voltages. When self-consistency is imposed, it is found that broad distributions of synaptic strength are a necessary concomitant of the known massive convergence of inputs to individual neurons, and observed widths of lognormal distributions of synaptic strength and firing rate are explained provided the brain is in a near-critical state, consistent with independent observations. The strongest individual synapses are shown to have an effect on soma voltage comparable to the effect of all others combined, which supports suggestions that they may have a key role in neural communication. Remarkably, inclusion of moderate randomness in characteristic axonal ranges is shown to account for the observed [Formula: see text]-fold variability in two-point connectivity at a given separation and [Formula: see text]-fold overall when the known mean exponential fall-off is included, consistent with observed near-lognormal distributions. Inferred axonal deviations from straight-line paths are also consistent with independent estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Robinson
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Sydney, Australia.
- Center for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Xiao Gao
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Y Han
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Sydney, Australia
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Mosher CP, Wei Y, Kamiński J, Nandi A, Mamelak AN, Anastassiou CA, Rutishauser U. Cellular Classes in the Human Brain Revealed In Vivo by Heartbeat-Related Modulation of the Extracellular Action Potential Waveform. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3536-3551.e6. [PMID: 32160555 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining cell types is critical for understanding neural circuits but remains elusive in the living human brain. Current approaches discriminate units into putative cell classes using features of the extracellular action potential (EAP); in absence of ground truth data, this remains a problematic procedure. We find that EAPs in deep structures of the brain exhibit robust and systematic variability during the cardiac cycle. These cardiac-related features refine neural classification. We use these features to link bio-realistic models generated from in vitro human whole-cell recordings of morphologically classified neurons to in vivo recordings. We differentiate aspiny inhibitory and spiny excitatory human hippocampal neurons and, in a second stage, demonstrate that cardiac-motion features reveal two types of spiny neurons with distinct intrinsic electrophysiological properties and phase-locking characteristics to endogenous oscillations. This multi-modal approach markedly improves cell classification in humans, offers interpretable cell classes, and is applicable to other brain areas and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton P Mosher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yina Wei
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jan Kamiński
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anirban Nandi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adam N Mamelak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Costas A Anastassiou
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Travelling spindles create necessary conditions for spike-timing-dependent plasticity in humans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1027. [PMID: 33589639 PMCID: PMC7884835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles facilitate memory consolidation in the cortex during mammalian non-rapid eye movement sleep. In rodents, phase-locked firing during spindles may facilitate spike-timing-dependent plasticity by grouping pre-then-post-synaptic cell firing within ~25 ms. Currently, microphysiological evidence in humans for conditions conducive for spike-timing-dependent plasticity during spindles is absent. Here, we analyze field potentials and unit firing from middle/upper layers during spindles from 10 × 10 microelectrode arrays at 400 μm pitch in humans. We report strong tonic and phase-locked increases in firing and co-firing within 25 ms during spindles, especially those co-occurring with down-to-upstate transitions. Co-firing, spindle co-occurrence, and spindle coherence are greatest within ~2 mm, and high co-firing of units on different contacts depends on high spindle coherence between those contacts. Spindles propagate at ~0.28 m/s in distinct patterns, with correlated cell co-firing sequences. Spindles hence organize spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal co-firing in ways that may provide pre-conditions for plasticity during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep spindles during non-rapid eye movement are important for memory consolidation and require specific neuronal firing conditions in non-human mammals. Here, the authors show these conditions are present in humans, potentially facilitating spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
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Ujma PP, Hajnal B, Bódizs R, Gombos F, Erőss L, Wittner L, Halgren E, Cash SS, Ulbert I, Fabó D. The laminar profile of sleep spindles in humans. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117587. [PMID: 33249216 PMCID: PMC9113200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles are functionally important NREM sleep EEG oscillations which are generated in thalamocortical, corticothalamic and possibly cortico-cortical circuits. Previous hypotheses suggested that slow and fast spindles or spindles with various spatial extent may be generated in different circuits with various cortical laminar innervation patterns. We used NREM sleep EEG data recorded from four human epileptic patients undergoing presurgical electrophysiological monitoring with subdural electrocorticographic grids (ECoG) and implanted laminar microelectrodes penetrating the cortex (IME). The position of IMEs within cortical layers was confirmed using postsurgical histological reconstructions. Many spindles detected on the IME occurred only in one layer and were absent from the ECoG, but with increasing amplitude simultaneous detection in other layers and on the ECoG became more likely. ECoG spindles were in contrast usually accompanied by IME spindles. Neither IME nor ECoG spindle cortical profiles were strongly associated with sleep spindle frequency or globality. Multiple-unit and single-unit activity during spindles, however, was heterogeneous across spindle types, but also across layers and patients. Our results indicate that extremely local spindles may occur in any cortical layer, but co-occurrence at other locations becomes likelier with increasing amplitude and the relatively large spindles detected on ECoG channels have a stereotypical laminar profile. We found no compelling evidence that different spindle types are associated with different laminar profiles, suggesting that they are generated in cortical and thalamic circuits with similar cortical innervation patterns. Local neuronal activity is a stronger candidate mechanism for driving functional differences between spindles subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter P Ujma
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Hajnal
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary; School of P.h.D. studies, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gombos
- Department of General Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-PPKE Adolescent Development Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucia Wittner
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eric Halgren
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosciences, University of California, 92093 San Diego CA, USA
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - István Ulbert
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network 1117 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept. of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 1145 Budapest, Hungary
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Neuronal Firing and Waveform Alterations through Ictal Recruitment in Humans. J Neurosci 2020; 41:766-779. [PMID: 33229500 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0417-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyzing neuronal activity during human seizures is pivotal to understanding mechanisms of seizure onset and propagation. These analyses, however, invariably using extracellular recordings, are greatly hindered by various phenomena that are well established in animal studies: changes in local ionic concentration, changes in ionic conductance, and intense, hypersynchronous firing. The first two alter the action potential waveform, whereas the third increases the "noise"; all three factors confound attempts to detect and classify single neurons. To address these analytical difficulties, we developed a novel template-matching-based spike sorting method, which enabled identification of 1239 single neurons in 27 patients (13 female) with intractable focal epilepsy, that were tracked throughout multiple seizures. These new analyses showed continued neuronal firing with widespread intense activation and stereotyped action potential alterations in tissue that was invaded by the seizure: neurons displayed increased waveform duration (p < 0.001) and reduced amplitude (p < 0.001), consistent with prior animal studies. By contrast, neurons in "penumbral" regions (those receiving intense local synaptic drive from the seizure but without neuronal evidence of local seizure invasion) showed stable waveforms. All neurons returned to their preictal waveforms after seizure termination. We conclude that the distinction between "core" territories invaded by the seizure versus "penumbral" territories is evident at the level of single neurons. Furthermore, the increased waveform duration and decreased waveform amplitude are neuron-intrinsic hallmarks of seizure invasion that impede traditional spike sorting and could be used as defining characteristics of local recruitment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Animal studies consistently show marked changes in action potential waveform during epileptic discharges, but acquiring similar evidence in humans has proven difficult. Assessing neuronal involvement in ictal events is pivotal to understanding seizure dynamics and in defining clinical localization of epileptic pathology. Using a novel method to track neuronal firing, we analyzed microelectrode array recordings of spontaneously occurring human seizures, and here report two dichotomous activity patterns. In cortex that is recruited to the seizure, neuronal firing rates increase and waveforms become longer in duration and shorter in amplitude as the neurons are recruited to the seizure, while penumbral tissue shows stable action potentials, in keeping with the "dual territory" model of seizure dynamics.
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Abbott J, Ye T, Krenek K, Gertner RS, Wu W, Jung HS, Ham D, Park H. Extracellular recording of direct synaptic signals with a CMOS-nanoelectrode array. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3239-3248. [PMID: 32756639 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The synaptic connections between neurons are traditionally determined by correlating the action potentials (APs) of a pre-synaptic neuron and small-amplitude subthreshold potentials of a post-synaptic neuron using invasive intracellular techniques, such as patch clamping. Extracellular recording by a microelectrode array can non-invasively monitor network activities of a large number of neurons, but its reduced sensitivity usually prevents direct measurements of synaptic signals. Here, we demonstrate that a newly developed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) nanoelectrode array (CNEA) is capable of extracellularly determining direct synaptic connections in dense, multi-layer cultures of dissociated rat neurons. We spatiotemporally correlate action potential signals of hundreds of active neurons, detect small (∼1 pA after averaging) extracellular synaptic signals at the region where pre-synaptic axons and post-synaptic dendrites/somas overlap, and use those signals to map synaptic connections. We use controlled stimulation to assess stimulation-dependent synaptic strengths and to titrate a synaptic blocker (CNQX: IC50 ∼ 1 μM). The new capabilities demonstrated here significantly enhance the utilities of CNEAs in connectome mapping and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Abbott
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tianyang Ye
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Keith Krenek
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Rona S Gertner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Han Sae Jung
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Donhee Ham
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Hongkun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Susin E, Destexhe A. Cellular correlates of wakefulness and slow-wave sleep: evidence for a key role of inhibition. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Pérez-González D, Parras GG, Morado-Díaz CJ, Aedo-Sánchez C, Carbajal GV, Malmierca MS. Deviance detection in physiologically identified cell types in the rat auditory cortex. Hear Res 2020; 399:107997. [PMID: 32482383 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Auditory deviance detection is a function of the auditory system that allows reduction of the processing demand for repetitive stimuli while stressing unpredictable ones, which are potentially more informative. Deviance detection has been extensively studied in humans using the oddball paradigm, which evokes an event-related potential known as mismatch negativity (MMN). The same stimulation paradigms are used in animal studies that aim to elucidate the neuronal mechanisms underlying deviance detection. In order to understand the circuitry responsible for deviance detection in the auditory cortex (AC), it is necessary to determine the properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons separately. Measuring the spike widths of neurons recorded extracellularly from the anaesthetized rat AC, we classified them as fast spiking or regular spiking units. These two neuron types are generally considered as putative inhibitory or excitatory, respectively. In response to an oddball paradigm, we found that both types of units showed similar amounts of deviance detection overall. When considering each AC field separately, we found that only in A1 fast spiking neurons showed higher deviance detection levels than regular spiking neurons, while in the rest of the fields there was no such distinction. Interpreting these responses in the context of the predictive coding framework, we found that the responses of both types of units reflect mainly prediction error signaling (i.e., genuine deviance detection) rather than repetition suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez-González
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - Gloria G Parras
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - Camilo J Morado-Díaz
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - Cristian Aedo-Sánchez
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - Guillermo V Carbajal
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain
| | - Manuel S Malmierca
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory (Lab 1), Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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Propagating Activity in Neocortex, Mediated by Gap Junctions and Modulated by Extracellular Potassium. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0387-19.2020. [PMID: 32098762 PMCID: PMC7096537 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0387-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in cortical networks are coupled by gap junctions, forming a syncytium that supports propagating epileptiform discharges, induced by 4-aminopyridine. It remains unclear, however, whether these propagating events occur under more natural states, without pharmacological blockade. In particular, we investigated whether propagation also happens when extracellular K+ rises, as is known to occur following intense network activity, such as during seizures. We examined how increasing [K+]o affects the likelihood of propagating activity away from a site of focal (200–400 μm) optogenetic activation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Activity was recorded using a linear 16-electrode array placed along layer V of primary visual cortex. At baseline levels of [K+]o (3.5 mm), induced activity was recorded only within the illuminated area. However, when [K+]o was increased above a threshold level (50th percentile = 8.0 mm; interquartile range = 7.5–9.5 mm), time-locked, fast-spiking unit activity, indicative of parvalbumin-expressing interneuron firing, was also recorded outside the illuminated area, propagating at 59.1 mm/s. The propagating unit activity was unaffected by blockade of GABAergic synaptic transmission, but it was modulated by glutamatergic blockers, and was reduced, and in most cases prevented altogether, by pharmacological blockade of gap junctions, achieved by any of the following three different drugs: quinine, mefloquine, or carbenoxolone. Washout of quinine rapidly re-established the pattern of propagating activity. Computer simulations show qualitative differences between propagating discharges in high [K+]o and 4-aminopyridine, arising from differences in the electrotonic effects of these two manipulations. These interneuronal syncytial interactions are likely to affect the complex electrographic dynamics of seizures, once [K+]o is raised above this threshold level.
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Nghiem TAE, Tort-Colet N, Górski T, Ferrari U, Moghimyfiroozabad S, Goldman JS, Teleńczuk B, Capone C, Bal T, di Volo M, Destexhe A. Cholinergic Switch between Two Types of Slow Waves in Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3451-3466. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sleep slow waves are known to participate in memory consolidation, yet slow waves occurring under anesthesia present no positive effects on memory. Here, we shed light onto this paradox, based on a combination of extracellular recordings in vivo, in vitro, and computational models. We find two types of slow waves, based on analyzing the temporal patterns of successive slow-wave events. The first type is consistently observed in natural slow-wave sleep, while the second is shown to be ubiquitous under anesthesia. Network models of spiking neurons predict that the two slow wave types emerge due to a different gain on inhibitory versus excitatory cells and that different levels of spike-frequency adaptation in excitatory cells can account for dynamical distinctions between the two types. This prediction was tested in vitro by varying adaptation strength using an agonist of acetylcholine receptors, which demonstrated a neuromodulatory switch between the two types of slow waves. Finally, we show that the first type of slow-wave dynamics is more sensitive to external stimuli, which can explain how slow waves in sleep and anesthesia differentially affect memory consolidation, as well as provide a link between slow-wave dynamics and memory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang-Anh E Nghiem
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratory of Physics, Department of Physics, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Núria Tort-Colet
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tomasz Górski
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ulisse Ferrari
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Shayan Moghimyfiroozabad
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jennifer S Goldman
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bartosz Teleńczuk
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cristiano Capone
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Thierry Bal
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Matteo di Volo
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alain Destexhe
- Department of Integrative and Computational Neuroscience (ICN), Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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