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Wang J, Peng X, Yuan N, Wang B, Chen S, Wang B, Xie L. Interplay between pulmonary epithelial stem cells and innate immune cells contribute to the repair and regeneration of ALI/ARDS. Transl Res 2024; 272:111-125. [PMID: 38897427 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian lung is the important organ for ventilation and exchange of air and blood. Fresh air and venous blood are constantly delivered through the airway and vascular tree to the alveolus. Based on this, the airways and alveolis are persistently exposed to the external environment and are easily suffered from toxins, irritants and pathogens. For example, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure in critical patients, whose typical pathological characters are diffuse epithelial and endothelial damage resulting in excessive accumulation of inflammatory fluid in the alveolar cavity. The supportive treatment is the main current treatment for ALI/ARDS with the lack of targeted effective treatment strategies. However, ALI/ARDS needs more targeted treatment measures. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that maintain alveolar epithelial barrier and airway integrity. Previous researches have shown that the lung epithelial cells with tissue stem cell function have the ability to repair and regenerate after injury. Also, it is able to regulate the phenotype and function of innate immune cells involving in regeneration of tissue repair. Meanwhile, we emphasize that interaction between the lung epithelial cells and innate immune cells is more supportive to repair and regenerate in the lung epithelium following acute lung injury. We reviewed the recent advances in injury and repair of lung epithelial stem cells and innate immune cells in ALI/ARDS, concentrating on alveolar type 2 cells and alveolar macrophages and their contribution to post-injury repair behavior of ALI/ARDS through the latest potential molecular communication mechanisms. This will help to develop new research strategies and therapeutic targets for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Na Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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2
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Xu S, Tan S, Romanos P, Reedy JL, Zhang Y, Mansour MK, Vyas JM, Mecsas J, Mou H, Leong JM. Blocking HXA 3-mediated neutrophil elastase release during S. pneumoniae lung infection limits pulmonary epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia. mBio 2024:e0185624. [PMID: 39120139 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01856-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, can spread from the lung into the bloodstream to cause septicemia and meningitis, with a concomitant threefold increase in mortality. Limitations in vaccine efficacy and a rise in antimicrobial resistance have spurred searches for host-directed therapies that target pathogenic immune processes. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are essential for infection control but can also promote tissue damage and pathogen spread. The major Sp virulence factor, pneumolysin, triggers acute inflammation by stimulating the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) eicosanoid synthesis pathway in epithelial cells. This pathway is required for systemic spread in a mouse pneumonia model and produces a number of bioactive lipids, including hepoxilin A3 (HXA3), a hydroxy epoxide PMN chemoattractant that has been hypothesized to facilitate breach of mucosal barriers. To understand how 12-LOX-dependent inflammation promotes dissemination during Sp lung infection and dissemination, we utilized bronchial stem cell-derived air-liquid interface cultures that lack this enzyme to show that HXA3 methyl ester (HXA3-ME) is sufficient to promote basolateral-to-apical PMN transmigration, monolayer disruption, and concomitant Sp barrier breach. In contrast, PMN transmigration in response to the non-eicosanoid chemoattractant N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) did not lead to epithelial disruption or bacterial translocation. Correspondingly, HXA3-ME but not fMLP increased the release of neutrophil elastase (NE) from Sp-infected PMNs. Pharmacologic blockade of NE secretion or activity diminished epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia after pulmonary challenge of mice. Thus, HXA3 promotes barrier-disrupting PMN transmigration and NE release, pathological events that can be targeted to curtail systemic disease following pneumococcal pneumonia.IMPORTANCEStreptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), a leading cause of pneumonia, can spread from the lung into the bloodstream to cause systemic disease. Limitations in vaccine efficacy and a rise in antimicrobial resistance have spurred searches for host-directed therapies that limit pathologic host immune responses to Sp. Excessive polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration into Sp-infected airways promotes systemic disease. Using stem cell-derived respiratory cultures that reflect bona fide lung epithelium, we identified eicosanoid hepoxilin A3 as a critical pulmonary PMN chemoattractant that is sufficient to drive PMN-mediated epithelial damage by inducing the release of neutrophil elastase. Inhibition of the release or activity of this protease in mice limited epithelial barrier disruption and bacterial dissemination, suggesting a new host-directed treatment for Sp lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shumin Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia Romanos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Biotechnology, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer L Reedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John M Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stuart B Levy Center for the Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Xu S, Tan S, Romanos P, Reedy JL, Zhang Y, Mansour MK, Vyas JM, Mecsas J, Mou H, Leong JM. Blocking HXA 3-mediated neutrophil elastase release during S. pneumoniae lung infection limits pulmonary epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600637. [PMID: 38979170 PMCID: PMC11230237 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, can spread from the lung into the bloodstream to cause septicemia and meningitis, with a concomitant three-fold increase in mortality. Limitations in vaccine efficacy and a rise in antimicrobial resistance have spurred searches for host-directed therapies that target pathogenic immune processes. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are essential for infection control but can also promote tissue damage and pathogen spread. The major Sp virulence factor, pneumolysin (PLY), triggers acute inflammation by stimulating the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) eicosanoid synthesis pathway in epithelial cells. This pathway is required for systemic spread in a mouse pneumonia model and produces a number of bioactive lipids, including hepoxilin A3 (HXA3), a hydroxy epoxide PMN chemoattractant that has been hypothesized to facilitate breach of mucosal barriers. To understand how 12-LOX-dependent inflammation promotes dissemination during Sp lung infection and dissemination, we utilized bronchial stem cell-derived air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures that lack this enzyme to show that HXA3 methyl ester (HXA3-ME) is sufficient to promote basolateral-to-apical PMN transmigration, monolayer disruption, and concomitant Sp barrier breach. In contrast, PMN transmigration in response to the non-eicosanoid chemoattractant fMLP did not lead to epithelial disruption or bacterial translocation. Correspondingly, HXA3-ME but not fMLP increased release of neutrophil elastase (NE) from Sp-infected PMNs. Pharmacologic blockade of NE secretion or activity diminished epithelial barrier disruption and bacteremia after pulmonary challenge of mice. Thus, HXA3 promotes barrier disrupting PMN transmigration and NE release, pathological events that can be targeted to curtail systemic disease following pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA
| | - Shumin Tan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Patricia Romanos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer L. Reedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael K. Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - John M. Leong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Stuart B Levy Center for the Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Rizo-Téllez SA, Filep JG. Beyond host defense and tissue injury: the emerging role of neutrophils in tissue repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C661-C683. [PMID: 38189129 PMCID: PMC11193466 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00652.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cells in human blood, play a fundamental role in host defense against invading pathogens and tissue injury. Neutrophils carry potentially lethal weaponry to the affected site. Inadvertent and perpetual neutrophil activation could lead to nonresolving inflammation and tissue damage, a unifying mechanism of many common diseases. The prevailing view emphasizes the dichotomy of their function, host defense versus tissue damage. However, tissue injury may also persist during neutropenia, which is associated with disease severity and poor outcome. Numerous studies highlight neutrophil phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility, indicating that neutrophils play more complex roles than previously thought. Emerging evidence indicates that neutrophils actively orchestrate resolution of inflammation and tissue repair and facilitate return to homeostasis. Thus, neutrophils mobilize multiple mechanisms to limit the inflammatory reaction, assure debris removal, matrix remodeling, cytokine scavenging, macrophage reprogramming, and angiogenesis. In this review, we will summarize the homeostatic and tissue-reparative functions and mechanisms of neutrophils across organs. We will also discuss how the healing power of neutrophils might be harnessed to develop novel resolution and repair-promoting therapies while maintaining their defense functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Rizo-Téllez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - János G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhang J, Liu Y. Epithelial stem cells and niches in lung alveolar regeneration and diseases. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:17-26. [PMID: 38645714 PMCID: PMC11027191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alveoli serve as the functional units of the lungs, responsible for the critical task of blood-gas exchange. Comprising type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells, the alveolar epithelium is continuously subject to external aggressors like pathogens and airborne particles. As such, preserving lung function requires both the homeostatic renewal and reparative regeneration of this epithelial layer. Dysfunctions in these processes contribute to various lung diseases. Recent research has pinpointed specific cell subgroups that act as potential stem or progenitor cells for the alveolar epithelium during both homeostasis and regeneration. Additionally, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells synergistically establish a nurturing microenvironment-or "niche"-that modulates these epithelial stem cells. This review aims to consolidate the latest findings on the identities of these stem cells and the components of their niche, as well as the molecular mechanisms that govern them. Additionally, this article highlights diseases that arise due to perturbations in stem cell-niche interactions. We also discuss recent technical innovations that have catalyzed these discoveries. Specifically, this review underscores the heterogeneity, plasticity, and dynamic regulation of these stem cell-niche systems. It is our aspiration that a deeper understanding of the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying alveolar homeostasis and regeneration will open avenues for identifying novel therapeutic targets for conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuru Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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6
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Chang D, Dela Cruz C, Sharma L. Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Cytokines during Influenza and COVID-19. Viruses 2024; 16:308. [PMID: 38400083 PMCID: PMC10892676 DOI: 10.3390/v16020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are signaling molecules that play a role in myriad processes, including those occurring during diseases and homeostasis. Their homeostatic function begins during embryogenesis and persists throughout life, including appropriate signaling for the cell and organism death. During viral infections, antiviral cytokines such as interferons and inflammatory cytokines are upregulated. Despite the well-known benefits of these cytokines, their levels often correlate with disease severity, linking them to unfavorable outcomes. In this review, we discuss both the beneficial and pathological functions of cytokines and the potential challenges in separating these two roles. Further, we discuss challenges in targeting these cytokines during disease and propose a new method for quantifying the cytokine effect to limit the pathological consequences while preserving their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Chang
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China;
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Charles Dela Cruz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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Zhang H, Li J, Wang X, Wang K, Xie J, Chen G, Li Y, Zhong K, Li J, Chen X. IRE1α/XBP-1 promotes β-catenin signaling activation of airway epithelium in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 83:102263. [PMID: 37935327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI), along with the more severe condition--acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients with high morbidity and mortality. Inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α)/X box protein-1 (XBP1) pathway was proved to regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury and inflammation. Yet, its role on epithelial β-catenin in LPS-induced ALI remains to be elucidated. METHODS LPS-induced models were generated in mice (5 mg/kg) and Beas-2B cells (200 μg/mL). Two selective antagonists of IRE1α (4μ8c and STF-083010) were respectively given to LPS-exposed mice and cultured cells. RESULTS Up-regulated expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers immunoglobulin-binding protein (BIP) and spliced X box protein-1(XBP-1s) was detected after LPS exposure. Besides, LPS also led to a down-regulated total β-catenin level in the lung and Beas-2B cells, with decreased membrane distribution as well as increased cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation, paralleled by extensively up-regulated downstream targets of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Treatment with either 4μ8c or STF-083010 not only significantly attenuated LPS-induced lung injury and inflammation, but also recovered β-catenin expression in airway epithelia, preserving the adhesive function of β-catenin while blunting its signaling activity. CONCLUSION These results illustrated that IRE1α/XBP1 pathway promoted the activation of airway epithelial β-catenin signaling in LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JianPeng Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanjin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijian Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ekstedt S, Lagebro V, Kumlien Georén S, Cardell LO. Prolonged inflammatory resolution in allergic asthma relates to dysfunctional interactions between neutrophils and airway epithelium. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 131:349-355.e3. [PMID: 37268244 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a heterogeneous disorder involving chronic airway inflammation, reversible airflow limitation, and tissue remodeling, causing chronic airflow limitation. Most of the asthma research has been focused on elucidating the proinflammatory pathways underlying disease pathogenesis. Paradoxically, the necessity of appropriate termination and resolution of inflammation has not been recognized until recently. The latter has led to the concept of chronic inflammation developing as a result of lack of specific "stop" signals for the inflammatory process. OBJECTIVE To investigate the interaction between neutrophils and airway epithelium during inflammatory resolution in patients with allergic asthma. METHODS An in vitro scratch assay with cultured epithelial cells, based on live-imaging microscopy, was used to evaluate regeneration and the influence of neutrophils on resolution. Epithelial cells and autologous neutrophils were derived from healthy donors and patients with allergic asthma. Supernatants and cells were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and transcriptional analyses at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Healthy epithelial cells regenerated faster than epithelial cells from patients with allergic asthma. Autologous neutrophils improved the regeneration of healthy epithelial cells but not asthmatic epithelial cells. Interleukin (IL)-8 and β-catenin were down-regulated in healthy epithelial cells after resolution, but not in allergic asthmatic epithelial cells. CONCLUSION The prolonged duration of inflammation in the respiratory tract in patients with allergic asthma could be due to the impaired healing pattern of epithelial cells and their compromised interactions with the neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ekstedt
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilma Lagebro
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Matera MG, Rogliani P, Ora J, Calzetta L, Cazzola M. A comprehensive overview of investigational elastase inhibitors for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:793-802. [PMID: 37740909 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2263366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive activity of neutrophil elastase (NE), the main enzyme present in azurophil granules in the neutrophil cytoplasm, may cause tissue injury and remodeling in various lung diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in which it is crucial to the immune response and inflammatory process. Consequently, NE is a possible target for therapeutic intervention in ALI/ARDS. AREAS COVERED The protective effects of several NE inhibitors in attenuating ALI/ARDS in several models of lung injury are described. Some of these NE inhibitors are currently in clinical development, but only sivelestat has been evaluated as a treatment for ALI/ARDS. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical research has produced encouraging information about using NE inhibitors. Nevertheless, only sivelestat has been approved for this clinical indication, and only in Japan and South Korea because of the conflicting results of clinical trials and likely also because of the potential adverse events. Identifying subsets of patients with ARDS most likely to benefit from NE inhibitor treatment, such as the hyperinflammatory phenotype, and using a more advanced generation of NE inhibitors than sivelestat could enable better clinical results than those obtained with elastase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Unit of Respiratory Disease and Lung Function, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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Ciminieri C, Woest ME, Reynaert NL, Heijink IH, Wardenaar R, Spierings DCJ, Brandsma CA, Königshoff M, Gosens R. IL-1β Induces a Proinflammatory Fibroblast Microenvironment that Impairs Lung Progenitors' Function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:444-455. [PMID: 36608844 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0209oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a persistent inflammatory state in the lungs and defective tissue repair. Although the inflammatory response in patients with COPD is well characterized and known to be exaggerated during exacerbations, its contribution to lung injury and abnormal repair is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the inflammatory microenvironment affects the epithelial progenitors and their supporting mesenchymal niche cells involved in tissue repair of the distal lung. We focused on IL-1β, a key inflammatory mediator that is increased during exacerbations of COPD, and used an organoid model of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts to assess the effect of IL-1β treatment on these cells' transcriptome and secreted factors. Whereas direct treatment of the lung organoids with IL-1β promoted organoid growth, this switched toward inhibition when it was added as fibroblast pretreatment followed by organoid treatment. We then investigated the IL-1β-driven mechanisms in the fibroblasts and found an inflammatory response related to (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) chemokines; we confirmed that these chemokines were responsible for the impaired organoid growth and found that targeting their C-X-C chemokine receptors 1/2 (CXCR1/2) receptors or the IL-1β intracellular signaling reduced the proinflammatory response and restored organoid growth. These data demonstrate that IL-1β alters the fibroblasts' state by promoting a distinct inflammatory response, switching their supportive function on epithelial progenitors toward an inhibitory one in an organoid assay. These results imply that chronic inflammation functions as a shift toward inhibition of repair, thereby contributing to chronic inflammatory diseases like COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciminieri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
| | - Manon E Woest
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Aquilo BV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology
- Groningen Department of Pulmonary Diseases, and
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
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11
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Zhang Y, Gao Z, Jiang F, Yan H, Yang B, He Q, Luo P, Xu Z, Yang X. JAK-STAT signaling as an ARDS therapeutic target: Status and future trends. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115382. [PMID: 36528067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. It has a high mortality rate and lacks effective pharmacotherapy. With the outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide, the mortality of ARDS has increased correspondingly, which makes it urgent to find effective targets and strategies for the treatment of ARDS. Recent clinical trials of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in treating COVID-19-induced ARDS have shown a positive outcome, which makes the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway a potential therapeutic target for treating ARDS. Here, we review the complex cause of ARDS, the molecular JAK/STAT pathway involved in ARDS pathology, and the progress that has been made in strategies targeting JAK/STAT to treat ARDS. Specifically, JAK/STAT signaling directly participates in the progression of ARDS or colludes with other pathways to aggravate ARDS. We summarize JAK and STAT inhibitors with ARDS treatment benefits, including inhibitors in clinical trials and preclinical studies and natural products, and discuss the side effects of the current JAK inhibitors to reveal future trends in the design of JAK inhibitors, which will help to develop effective treatment strategies for ARDS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanteng Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zizheng Gao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China; Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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García-Hidalgo MC, Peláez R, González J, Santisteve S, Benítez ID, Molinero M, Perez-Pons M, Belmonte T, Torres G, Moncusí-Moix A, Gort-Paniello C, Aguilà M, Seck F, Carmona P, Caballero J, Barberà C, Ceccato A, Fernández-Barat L, Ferrer R, Garcia-Gasulla D, Lorente-Balanza JÁ, Menéndez R, Motos A, Peñuelas O, Riera J, Bermejo-Martin JF, Torres A, Barbé F, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Larráyoz IM. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of pulmonary functional sequelae in ARDS- secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113617. [PMID: 36058144 PMCID: PMC9424524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 80% of patients surviving acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection present persistent anomalies in pulmonary function after hospital discharge. There is a limited understanding of the mechanistic pathways linked to post-acute pulmonary sequelae. AIM To identify the molecular underpinnings associated with severe lung diffusion involvement in survivors of SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS. METHODS Survivors attended to a complete pulmonary evaluation 3 months after hospital discharge. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed using Illumina technology in whole-blood samples from 50 patients with moderate to severe diffusion impairment (DLCO<60%) and age- and sex-matched individuals with mild-normal lung function (DLCO≥60%). A transcriptomic signature for optimal classification was constructed using random forest. Transcriptomic data were analyzed for biological pathway enrichment, cellular deconvolution, cell/tissue-specific gene expression and candidate drugs. RESULTS RNA-seq identified 1357 differentially expressed transcripts. A model composed of 14 mRNAs allowed the optimal discrimination of survivors with severe diffusion impairment (AUC=0.979). Hallmarks of lung sequelae involved cell death signaling, cytoskeleton reorganization, cell growth and differentiation and the immune response. Resting natural killer (NK) cells were the most important immune cell subtype for the prediction of severe diffusion impairment. Components of the signature correlated with neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts. A variable expression profile of the transcripts was observed in lung cell subtypes and bodily tissues. One upregulated gene, TUBB4A, constitutes a target for FDA-approved drugs. CONCLUSIONS This work defines the transcriptional programme associated with post-acute pulmonary sequelae and provides novel insights for targeted interventions and biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. García-Hidalgo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jessica González
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sally Santisteve
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iván D. Benítez
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Molinero
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Perez-Pons
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thalía Belmonte
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Torres
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Moncusí-Moix
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Gort-Paniello
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Aguilà
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Faty Seck
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Carmona
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jesús Caballero
- Grup de Recerca Medicina Intensiva, Intensive Care Department Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carme Barberà
- Intensive Care Department, University Hospital Santa María, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Adrián Ceccato
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Fernández-Barat
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic; Universitat de Barcelona; IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Intensive Care Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari. SODIR Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Spain
| | | | - Jose Ángel Lorente-Balanza
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Pulmonology Service, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Motos
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Clinic; Universitat de Barcelona; IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Peñuelas
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Riera
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Intensive Care Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari. SODIR Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Spain
| | - Jesús F. Bermejo-Martin
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antoni Torres
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Pneumology Department, Clinic Institute of Thorax (ICT), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Insitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), ICREA, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Barbé
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Correspondence to: Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Ignacio M. Larráyoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, Logroño, Spain,GRUPAC, Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain,Correspondence to: Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR. C. Piqueras, 98, Logroño 26006, Spain
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13
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Martin TR, Zemans RL, Ware LB, Schmidt EP, Riches DWH, Bastarache L, Calfee CS, Desai TJ, Herold S, Hough CL, Looney MR, Matthay MA, Meyer N, Parikh SM, Stevens T, Thompson BT. New Insights into Clinical and Mechanistic Heterogeneity of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Summary of the Aspen Lung Conference 2021. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:284-308. [PMID: 35679511 PMCID: PMC9447141 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0089ws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and molecular heterogeneity are common features of human disease. Understanding the basis for heterogeneity has led to major advances in therapy for many cancers and pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and asthma. Although heterogeneity of risk factors, disease severity, and outcomes in survivors are common features of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), many challenges exist in understanding the clinical and molecular basis for disease heterogeneity and using heterogeneity to tailor therapy for individual patients. This report summarizes the proceedings of the 2021 Aspen Lung Conference, which was organized to review key issues related to understanding clinical and molecular heterogeneity in ARDS. The goals were to review new information about ARDS phenotypes, to explore multicellular and multisystem mechanisms responsible for heterogeneity, and to review how best to account for clinical and molecular heterogeneity in clinical trial design and assessment of outcomes. The report concludes with recommendations for future research to understand the clinical and basic mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in ARDS to advance the development of new treatments for this life-threatening critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric P. Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David W. H. Riches
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Anesthesia
| | - Tushar J. Desai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine VI and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Catherine L. Hough
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nuala Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; and
| | - B. Taylor Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Dehmel S, Weiss KJ, El-Merhie N, Callegari J, Konrad B, Mutze K, Eickelberg O, Königshoff M, Krauss-Etschmann S. microRNA Expression Profile of Purified Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1420. [PMID: 36011331 PMCID: PMC9407429 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are essential for the maintenance of the alveolar homeostasis. However, knowledge of the expression of the miRNAs and miRNA-regulated networks which control homeostasis and coordinate diverse functions of murine ATII cells is limited. Therefore, we asked how miRNAs expressed in ATII cells might contribute to the regulation of signaling pathways. We purified "untouched by antibodies" ATII cells using a flow cytometric sorting method with a highly autofluorescent population of lung cells. TaqMan® miRNA low-density arrays were performed on sorted cells and intersected with miRNA profiles of ATII cells isolated according to a previously published protocol. Of 293 miRNAs expressed in both ATII preparations, 111 showed equal abundances. The target mRNAs of bona fide ATII miRNAs were used for pathway enrichment analysis. This analysis identified nine signaling pathways with known functions in fibrosis and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In particular, a subset of 19 miRNAs was found to target 21 components of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Three of these miRNAs (miR-16-5p, -17-5p and -30c-5p) were down-modulated by TGF-β1 stimulation in human A549 cells, and concomitant up-regulation of associated mRNA targets (BMPR2, JUN, RUNX2) was observed. These results suggest an important role for miRNAs in maintaining the homeostasis of the TGF-β signaling pathway in ATII cells under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dehmel
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department Strategy, Programs, Resources, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Weiss
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jens Callegari
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bergisch Gladbach, Ferrenbergstraße, 51465 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Birte Konrad
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 23845 Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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15
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Wang J, Wang J. Neutrophils, functions beyond host defense. Cell Immunol 2022; 379:104579. [PMID: 35901576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant, ephemeral cell type in human blood. As the first line of defense in the host immune system, neutrophils mature in the bone marrow after undergoing multiple stages of development and then are released into the peripheral blood and conduct a surveillance function. Recent advances in cutting-edge techniques such as single-cell sequencing have uncovered the complexity and plasticity of neutrophils under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. The exploration of neutrophil heterogeneity and function under disease and homeostasis settings has revealed many unexpected roles of neutrophils beyond a phagocyte. Furthermore, neutrophils are known to actively communicate with innate and adaptive immunocytes via direct or indirect interactions, allowing the modulation of various immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the versatile identities of neutrophils that have been discovered in recent decades, as well as the interplay between neutrophils and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Lin CR, Bahmed K, Kosmider B. Impaired Alveolar Re-Epithelialization in Pulmonary Emphysema. Cells 2022; 11:2055. [PMID: 35805139 PMCID: PMC9265977 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are progenitors in alveoli and can repair the alveolar epithelium after injury. They are intertwined with the microenvironment for alveolar epithelial cell homeostasis and re-epithelialization. A variety of ATII cell niches, transcription factors, mediators, and signaling pathways constitute a specific environment to regulate ATII cell function. Particularly, WNT/β-catenin, YAP/TAZ, NOTCH, TGF-β, and P53 signaling pathways are dynamically involved in ATII cell proliferation and differentiation, although there are still plenty of unknowns regarding the mechanism. However, an imbalance of alveolar cell death and proliferation was observed in patients with pulmonary emphysema, contributing to alveolar wall destruction and impaired gas exchange. Cigarette smoking causes oxidative stress and is the primary cause of this disease development. Aberrant inflammatory and oxidative stress responses result in loss of cell homeostasis and ATII cell dysfunction in emphysema. Here, we discuss the current understanding of alveolar re-epithelialization and altered reparative responses in the pathophysiology of this disease. Current therapeutics and emerging treatments, including cell therapies in clinical trials, are addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ru Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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17
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Qiao X, Hou G, He YL, Song DF, An Y, Altawil A, Zhou XM, Wang QY, Kang J, Yin Y. The Novel Regulatory Role of the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Axis in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:927549. [PMID: 35769905 PMCID: PMC9234692 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.927549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, characterized by airway inflammation and airway remodelling, are increasing as a cause of morbidity and mortality for all age groups and races across the world. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory airway diseases have not been fully explored. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently attracted much attention for their roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. A number of studies have confirmed that both lncRNAs and miRNAs can regulate the initiation and progression of chronic airway diseases by targeting mRNAs and regulating different cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recently, accumulative evidence has shown that the novel regulatory mechanism underlying the interaction among lncRNAs, miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) plays a critical role in the pathophysiological processes of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the regulatory roles of the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network in different cell types and their potential roles as biomarkers, indicators of comorbidities or therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory airway diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Fang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Abdullah Altawil
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Zhou, ; Yan Yin,
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Zhou, ; Yan Yin,
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18
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Martín-Vicente P, López-Martínez C, Albaiceta GM. The last-minute redemption of inflammatory cells in lung repair. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:59/4/2103000. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03000-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Zhong Q, Liu Y, Correa MR, Marconett CN, Minoo P, Li C, Ann DK, Zhou B, Borok Z. FOXO1 Couples KGF and PI-3K/AKT Signaling to NKX2.1-Regulated Differentiation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1122. [PMID: 35406686 PMCID: PMC8997990 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NKX2.1 is a master regulator of lung morphogenesis and cell specification; however, interactions of NKX2.1 with various transcription factors to regulate cell-specific gene expression and cell fate in the distal lung remain incompletely understood. FOXO1 is a key regulator of stem/progenitor cell maintenance/differentiation in several tissues but its role in the regulation of lung alveolar epithelial progenitor homeostasis has not been evaluated. We identified a novel role for FOXO1 in alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) differentiation that results in the removal of NKX2.1 from surfactant gene promoters and the subsequent loss of surfactant expression in alveolar epithelial type I-like (AT1-like) cells. We found that the FOXO1 forkhead domain potentiates a loss of surfactant gene expression through an interaction with the NKX2.1 homeodomain, disrupting NKX2.1 binding to the SFTPC promoter. In addition, blocking PI-3K/AKT signaling reduces phosphorylated FOXO-1 (p-FOXO1), allowing accumulated nuclear FOXO1 to interact with NKX2.1 in differentiating AEC. Inhibiting AEC differentiation in vitro with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) maintained an AT2 cell phenotype through increased PI3K/AKT-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation, resulting in higher levels of surfactant expression. Together these results indicate that FOXO1 plays a central role in AEC differentiation by directly binding NKX2.1 and suggests an essential role for FOXO1 in mediating AEC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Michele Ramos Correa
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Crystal Nicole Marconett
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changgong Li
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David K. Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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20
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Nolan E, Bridgeman VL, Ombrato L, Karoutas A, Rabas N, Sewnath CAN, Vasquez M, Rodrigues FS, Horswell S, Faull P, Carter R, Malanchi I. Radiation exposure elicits a neutrophil-driven response in healthy lung tissue that enhances metastatic colonization. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:173-187. [PMID: 35221334 PMCID: PMC7612918 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective approaches to achieve tumor control in cancer patients, although healthy tissue injury due to off-target radiation exposure can occur. In this study, we used a model of acute radiation injury to the lung, in the context of cancer metastasis, to understand the biological link between tissue damage and cancer progression. We exposed healthy mouse lung tissue to radiation before the induction of metastasis and observed a strong enhancement of cancer cell growth. We found that locally activated neutrophils were key drivers of the tumor-supportive preconditioning of the lung microenvironment, governed by enhanced regenerative Notch signaling. Importantly, these tissue perturbations endowed arriving cancer cells with an augmented stemness phenotype. By preventing neutrophil-dependent Notch activation, via blocking degranulation, we were able to significantly offset the radiation-enhanced metastases. This work highlights a pro-tumorigenic activity of neutrophils, which is likely linked to their tissue regenerative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nolan
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Luigi Ombrato
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adam Karoutas
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Rabas
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Marcos Vasquez
- Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stuart Horswell
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Peter Faull
- Proteomics Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Center for Biomedical Research Support Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Carter
- Preclinical Radiotherapy TTP, CRUK-City of London Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour Host Interaction laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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21
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Herrero-Cervera A, Soehnlein O, Kenne E. Neutrophils in chronic inflammatory diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:177-191. [PMID: 35039631 PMCID: PMC8803838 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a component of many disease conditions that affect a large group of individuals worldwide. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent, low-grade inflammation and is increased in the aging population. Neutrophils are normally the first responders to acute inflammation and contribute to the resolution of inflammation. However, in chronic inflammation, the role of neutrophils is less well understood and has been described as either beneficial or detrimental, causing tissue damage and enhancing the immune response. Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are important players in several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune disorders. This review will highlight the interaction of neutrophils with other cells in the context of chronic inflammation, the contribution of neutrophils to selected chronic inflammatory diseases, and possible future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrero-Cervera
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Kenne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Modulation of the Immune System Promotes Tissue Regeneration. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:599-610. [PMID: 35022994 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays an essential role in the angiogenesis, repair, and regeneration of damaged tissues. Therefore, the design of scaffolds that manipulate immune cells and factors in such a way that could accelerate the repair of damaged tissues, following implantation, is one of the main goals of regenerative medicine. However, before manipulating the immune system, the function of the various components of the immune system during the repair process should be well understood and the fabrication conditions of the manipulated scaffolds should be brought closer to the physiological state of the body. In this article, we first review the studies aimed at the role of distinct immune cell populations in angiogenesis and support of damaged tissue repair. In the second part, we discuss the use of strategies that promote tissue regeneration by modulating the immune system. Given that various studies have shown an increase in tissue repair rate with the addition of stem cells and growth factors to the scaffolds, and regarding the limited resources of stem cells, we suggest the design of scaffolds that are capable to develop repair of damaged tissue by manipulating the immune system and create an alternative for repair strategies that use stem cells or growth factors.
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23
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Soni DK, Biswas R. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Lung Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:767348. [PMID: 34819948 PMCID: PMC8606426 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.767348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), notably microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently gained increasing consideration because of their versatile role as key regulators of gene expression. They adopt diverse mechanisms to regulate transcription and translation, and thereby, the function of the protein, which is associated with several major biological processes. For example, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways demand fine-tuning for the precise development of a specific tissue or organ. The deregulation of ncRNA expression is concomitant with multiple diseases, including lung diseases. This review highlights recent advances in the post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Further, we also discuss the emerging role of ncRNAs as biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for lung diseases. However, more investigations are required to explore miRNAs and lncRNAs interaction, and their function in the regulation of mRNA expression. Understanding these mechanisms might lead to early diagnosis and the development of novel therapeutics for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Oliveira-Costa KM, Menezes GB, Paula Neto HA. Neutrophil accumulation within tissues: A damage x healing dichotomy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112422. [PMID: 34781139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance of neutrophils in human circulation, their fast mobilization from blood to tissues, along with their alleged short life-span led to the image of neutrophils as a homogeneous cell type designed to fight infections and die in the process. Additionally, their granule content and capacity to produce molecules with considerable cytotoxic potential, lead to the general belief that neutrophil activation inexorably results in side effect of extensive tissue injury. Neutrophil activation in fact causes tissue injury as an adverse effect, but it seems that this is restricted to particular pathological situations and more of an "exception to the rule". Here we review evidences arising especially from intravital microscopy studies that demonstrate neutrophils as cells endowed with sophisticated mechanisms and able to engage in complex interactions as to minimize damage and optimize their effector functions. Moreover, neutrophil infiltration may even contribute to tissue healing and repair which may altogether demand a reexamination of current anti-inflammatory therapies that have neutrophil migration and activation as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Marques Oliveira-Costa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Heitor A Paula Neto
- Laboratório de Alvos Moleculares, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Effah CY, Drokow EK, Agboyibor C, Ding L, He S, Liu S, Akorli SY, Nuamah E, Sun T, Zhou X, Liu H, Xu Z, Feng F, Wu Y, Zhang X. Neutrophil-Dependent Immunity During Pulmonary Infections and Inflammations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689866. [PMID: 34737734 PMCID: PMC8560714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid recruitment of neutrophils to an inflamed site is one of the hallmarks of an effective host defense mechanism. The main pathway through which this happens is by the innate immune response. Neutrophils, which play an important part in innate immune defense, migrate into lungs through the modulation actions of chemokines to execute a variety of pro-inflammatory functions. Despite the importance of chemokines in host immunity, little has been discussed on their roles in host immunity. A holistic understanding of neutrophil recruitment, pattern recognition pathways, the roles of chemokines and the pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in host immunity may allow for new approaches in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disease of the lung. Herein, this review aims at highlighting some of the developments in lung neutrophil-immunity by focusing on the functions and roles of CXC/CC chemokines and pattern recognition receptors in neutrophil immunity during pulmonary inflammations. The pathophysiological roles of neutrophils in COVID-19 and thromboembolism have also been summarized. We finally summarized various neutrophil biomarkers that can be utilized as prognostic molecules in pulmonary inflammations and discussed various neutrophil-targeted therapies for neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Clement Agboyibor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senyo Yao Akorli
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Nuamah
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General ICU, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Nolan E, Malanchi I. Connecting the dots: Neutrophils at the interface of tissue regeneration and cancer. Semin Immunol 2021; 57:101598. [PMID: 35221216 PMCID: PMC9232712 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about neutrophil biology has exponentially grown over the past decades. A high volume of investigations focusing on the characterization of their initially unappreciated multifaceted functions have grown in parallel with the immunity and the cancer fields. This has led to a significant gain in knowledge about their functions not only in tissue defence against pathogens and the collateral damage their overactivation can cause, but also their role in tissue repair and regeneration especially in the context of sterile injuries. On the other hand, the cancer field has also intensively focused its attention on neutrophil engagement in the many steps of the tumorigenic process. This review aims to draw the readers' attention to the similar functions described for neutrophils in tissue repair and in cancer. By bridging the two fields, we provide support for the hypothesis that the underlying program driving cancer-dependent exploitation of neutrophils is rooted in their physiologic tissue protection functions. In this view, cross-fertilization between the two fields will expedite the discovery of therapeutic interventions based on neutrophil targeting or their manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nolan
- Tumour Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT London, United Kingdom.
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27
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Parzibut G, Henket M, Moermans C, Struman I, Louis E, Malaise M, Louis R, Misset B, Njock MS, Guiot J. A Blood Exosomal miRNA Signature in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:640042. [PMID: 34336922 PMCID: PMC8319727 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.640042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a diffuse, acute, inflammatory lung disease characterized by a severe respiratory failure. Recognizing and promptly treating ARDS is critical to combat the high mortality associated with the disease. Despite a significant progress in the treatment of ARDS, our ability to identify early patients and predict outcomes remains limited. The development of novel biomarkers is crucial. In this study, we profiled microRNA (miRNA) expression of plasma-derived exosomes in ARDS disease by small RNA sequencing. Sequencing of 8 ARDS patients and 10 healthy subjects (HSs) allowed to identify 12 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (adjusted p < 0.05). Pathway analysis of their predicted targets revealed enrichment in several biological processes in agreement with ARDS pathophysiology, such as inflammation, immune cell activation, and fibrosis. By quantitative RT-PCR, we validated the alteration of nine exosomal miRNAs in an independent cohort of 15 ARDS patients and 20 HSs, among which seven present high capability in discriminating ARDS patients from HSs (area under the curve > 0.8) (miR-130a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-98-3p, Let-7d-3p, miR-1273a, and miR-193a-5p). These findings highlight exosomal miRNA dysregulation in the plasma of ARDS patients which provide promising diagnostic biomarkers and open new perspectives for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Parzibut
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Henket
- Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Moermans
- Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Struman
- Laboratory of Molecular Angiogenesis, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edouard Louis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Malaise
- Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Renaud Louis
- Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoît Misset
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Makon-Sébastien Njock
- Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Gastroenterology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Guiot
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Pneumology, GIGA Research Center, University of Liège, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Fibropole Research Group, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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28
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Reduced uterine tissue damage during Chlamydia muridarum infection in TREM-1,3 deficient mice. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0007221. [PMID: 34125599 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00072-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to uterine and oviduct tissue damage in the female reproductive tract. Neutrophils are strongly associated with tissue damage during chlamydial infection, while an adaptive CD4 T cell response is necessary to combat infection. Activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) on neutrophils has previously been shown to induce and/or enhance degranulation synergistically with TLR-signaling. Additionally, TREM-1 can promote neutrophil transepithelial migration. In this study, we sought to determine the contribution of TREM-1,3 in immunopathology in the female mouse genital tract during Chlamydia muridarum infection. Relative to control mice, trem1,3-/- mice had no difference in chlamydial burden or duration of lower genital tract infection. We also observed a similar incidence of oviduct hydrosalpinx 45 days post-infection in trem1,3-/- compared to WT mice. However, compared to WT, trem1,3-/- mice developed significantly fewer uterine horn hydrometra. Early in infection, trem1,3-/- mice displayed a notable decrease in the number of uterine glands containing polymorphonuclear cells and uterine horn lumens had fewer neutrophils, with increased G-CSF. Trem1,3-/- mice also had reduced erosion of the luminal epithelium. These data indicate TREM-1,3 contributes to transepithelial neutrophil migration in the uterus and uterine glands, promoting the development of uterine hydrometra in infected mice.
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29
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Yamada M. The Roles of MicroRNAs and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogeneses of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 251:313-326. [PMID: 32779621 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.251.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lungs are the organs that work for gas exchange. The basic structure of the lungs is an alveolus, which consists of various types of parenchymal cells and bone marrow-derived cells. Therefore, because the lungs consist of various types of cells with various functions, communication among the different types of the cells should play important roles for the homeostasis and response to disease pathogens. In the past decades, researchers have focused on cytokines or adhesion molecules to reveal the intercellular communication for understanding the homeostasis and pathogenesis in the lungs. Recent investigations have revealed that an extracellular vesicle can move among cells for transferring substances including microRNAs in the vesicles as an intercellular messenger. MicroRNAs and extracellular vesicles are therefore attracting increasing attention from both translational and clinical researchers because these emerging intercellular communication tools seem to be useful for further understanding of the disease pathogenesis as well as the biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of the diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases. This review article is an attempt to review studies about microRNAs and extracellular vesicles in terms of their roles in normal conditions and refractory diseases of the lungs such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome including our recent study about pulmonary microvascular endothelial microparticles particles as the biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review also addresses the possibility of microRNAs and extracellular vesicles as new clinical tools for the diagnosis or treatment for these refractory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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30
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Aros CJ, Pantoja CJ, Gomperts BN. Wnt signaling in lung development, regeneration, and disease progression. Commun Biol 2021; 4:601. [PMID: 34017045 PMCID: PMC8138018 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract is a vital, intricate system for several important biological processes including mucociliary clearance, airway conductance, and gas exchange. The Wnt signaling pathway plays several crucial and indispensable roles across lung biology in multiple contexts. This review highlights the progress made in characterizing the role of Wnt signaling across several disciplines in lung biology, including development, homeostasis, regeneration following injury, in vitro directed differentiation efforts, and disease progression. We further note uncharted directions in the field that may illuminate important biology. The discoveries made collectively advance our understanding of Wnt signaling in lung biology and have the potential to inform therapeutic advancements for lung diseases. Cody Aros, Carla Pantoja, and Brigitte Gomperts review the key role of Wnt signaling in all aspects of lung development, repair, and disease progression. They provide an overview of recent research findings and highlight where research is needed to further elucidate mechanisms of action, with the aim of improving disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Aros
- UCLA Department of Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla J Pantoja
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brigitte N Gomperts
- UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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31
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Chronic intestinal inflammation drives colorectal tumor formation triggered by dietary heme iron in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2507-2522. [PMID: 33978766 PMCID: PMC8241717 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of red meat is associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Multiple lines of evidence suggest that heme iron as abundant constituent of red meat is responsible for its carcinogenic potential. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and particularly the role of intestinal inflammation has not been investigated. To address this important issue, we analyzed the impact of heme iron (0.25 µmol/g diet) on the intestinal microbiota, gut inflammation and colorectal tumor formation in mice. An iron-balanced diet with ferric citrate (0.25 µmol/g diet) was used as reference. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary heme reduced α-diversity and caused a persistent intestinal dysbiosis, with a continuous increase in gram-negative Proteobacteria. This was linked to chronic gut inflammation and hyperproliferation of the intestinal epithelium as attested by mini-endoscopy, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Dietary heme triggered the infiltration of myeloid cells into colorectal mucosa with an increased level of COX-2 positive cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry-based phenotyping demonstrated an increased number of T cells and B cells in the lamina propria following heme intake, while γδ-T cells were reduced in the intraepithelial compartment. Dietary heme iron catalyzed formation of fecal N-nitroso compounds and was genotoxic in intestinal epithelial cells, yet suppressed intestinal apoptosis as evidenced by confocal microscopy and western blot analysis. Finally, a chemically induced CRC mouse model showed persistent intestinal dysbiosis, chronic gut inflammation and increased colorectal tumorigenesis following heme iron intake. Altogether, this study unveiled intestinal inflammation as important driver in heme iron-associated colorectal carcinogenesis.
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32
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Deyell M, Garris CS, Laughney AM. Cancer metastasis as a non-healing wound. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1491-1502. [PMID: 33731858 PMCID: PMC8076293 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are caused by metastasis: recurrence of disease by disseminated tumour cells at sites distant from the primary tumour. Large numbers of disseminated tumour cells are released from the primary tumour, even during the early stages of tumour growth. However, only a minority survive as potential seeds for future metastatic outgrowths. These cells must adapt to a relatively inhospitable microenvironment, evade immune surveillance and progress from the micro- to macro-metastatic stage to generate a secondary tumour. A pervasive driver of this transition is chronic inflammatory signalling emanating from tumour cells themselves. These signals can promote migration and engagement of stem and progenitor cell function, events that are also central to a wound healing response. In this review, we revisit the concept of cancer as a non-healing wound, first introduced by Virchow in the 19th century, with a new tumour cell-intrinsic perspective on inflammation and focus on metastasis. Cellular responses to inflammation in both wound healing and metastasis are tightly regulated by crosstalk with the surrounding microenvironment. Targeting or restoring canonical responses to inflammation could represent a novel strategy to prevent the lethal spread of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Deyell
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XInstitute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Chimie Biologie et Innovation, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Ashley M. Laughney
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XInstitute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
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33
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a common acute respiratory infection that affects the alveoli and distal airways; it is a major health problem and associated with high morbidity and short-term and long-term mortality in all age groups worldwide. Pneumonia is broadly divided into community-acquired pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia. A large variety of microorganisms can cause pneumonia, including bacteria, respiratory viruses and fungi, and there are great geographical variations in their prevalence. Pneumonia occurs more commonly in susceptible individuals, including children of <5 years of age and older adults with prior chronic conditions. Development of the disease largely depends on the host immune response, with pathogen characteristics having a less prominent role. Individuals with pneumonia often present with respiratory and systemic symptoms, and diagnosis is based on both clinical presentation and radiological findings. It is crucial to identify the causative pathogens, as delayed and inadequate antimicrobial therapy can lead to poor outcomes. New antibiotic and non-antibiotic therapies, in addition to rapid and accurate diagnostic tests that can detect pathogens and antibiotic resistance will improve the management of pneumonia.
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Dorris ER, Russell J, Murphy M. Post-intubation subglottic stenosis: aetiology at the cellular and molecular level. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200218. [PMID: 33472959 PMCID: PMC9489001 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0218-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a narrowing of the airway just below the vocal cords. This narrowing typically consists of fibrotic scar tissue, which may be due to a variety of diseases. This review focuses on post-intubation (PI) SGS. SGS can result in partial or complete narrowing of the airway. This narrowing is caused by fibrosis and can cause serious breathing difficulties. It can occur in both adults and children. The pathogenesis of post-intubation SGS is not well understood; however, it is considered to be the product of an abnormal healing process. This review discusses how intubation can change the local micro-environment, leading to dysregulated tissue repair. We discuss how mucosal inflammation, local hypoxia and biomechanical stress associated with intubation can promote excess tissue deposition that occurs during the pathological process of SGS. COVID-19 may cause an increased incidence of subglottic stenosis (SGS). In this review, the cellular and molecular aetiology of post-intubation SGS is outlined and we discuss how better knowledge of the underlying biology can inform SGS management.https://bit.ly/2RSliRK
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Dorris
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland .,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Russell
- Children's Hospital Ireland Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Madeline Murphy
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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35
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Liu C, Chen L, Wang W, Qin D, Jia C, Yuan M, Wang H, Guo Y, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Liu T. Emodin Suppresses the Migration and Invasion of Melanoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:771-779. [PMID: 33731543 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), as an active ingredient in rhubarb roots and rhizomes, has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties including anti-tumor effects. Recent studies have confirmed that emodin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the inhibitory effect of emodin on the migration and invasion of melanoma cells and its underlying mechanism are still unclear. In the study, we observed the impercipient effects of emodin in B16F10 and A375 melanoma cells with strong metastatic abilities, focusing on the functions and mechanisms of migration and invasion of B16F10 and A375 melanoma cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation test and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining tests confirmed that emodin possessed anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in B16F10 and A375 cells. The inhibitory effects on the migration and invasion of B16F10 and A375 cells were proved by wound healing assay and Transwell methods. Moreover, immunofluorescence assay approved the decrease in protein expression of matrix metalloproteinas (MMP)-2/-9 by emodin, and Western blot analyses revealed that emodin could increase the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inhibit the MMP-2/-9 protein expression and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a dose-depended manner. BML-284, as an agonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reversed the effects of emodin on cell growth, migration and invasion in B16F10 cells. These findings may suggest that emodin treatment can be a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma with highly metastatic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Wanchen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Dengke Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Chuanlong Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Heng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
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36
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The neutrophil antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin promotes Th17 differentiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1285. [PMID: 33627652 PMCID: PMC7904761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The host defence peptide cathelicidin (LL-37 in humans, mCRAMP in mice) is released from neutrophils by de-granulation, NETosis and necrotic death; it has potent anti-pathogen activity as well as being a broad immunomodulator. Here we report that cathelicidin is a powerful Th17 potentiator which enhances aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and RORγt expression, in a TGF-β1-dependent manner. In the presence of TGF-β1, cathelicidin enhanced SMAD2/3 and STAT3 phosphorylation, and profoundly suppressed IL-2 and T-bet, directing T cells away from Th1 and into a Th17 phenotype. Strikingly, Th17, but not Th1, cells were protected from apoptosis by cathelicidin. We show that cathelicidin is released by neutrophils in mouse lymph nodes and that cathelicidin-deficient mice display suppressed Th17 responses during inflammation, but not at steady state. We propose that the neutrophil cathelicidin is required for maximal Th17 differentiation, and that this is one method by which early neutrophilia directs subsequent adaptive immune responses.
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37
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Lin WC, Fessler MB. Regulatory mechanisms of neutrophil migration from the circulation to the airspace. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4095-4124. [PMID: 33544156 PMCID: PMC7863617 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil, a short-lived effector leukocyte of the innate immune system best known for its proteases and other degradative cargo, has unique, reciprocal physiological interactions with the lung. During health, large numbers of ‘marginated’ neutrophils reside within the pulmonary vasculature, where they patrol the endothelial surface for pathogens and complete their life cycle. Upon respiratory infection, rapid and sustained recruitment of neutrophils through the endothelial barrier, across the extravascular pulmonary interstitium, and again through the respiratory epithelium into the airspace lumen, is required for pathogen killing. Overexuberant neutrophil trafficking to the lung, however, causes bystander tissue injury and underlies several acute and chronic lung diseases. Due in part to the unique architecture of the lung’s capillary network, the neutrophil follows a microanatomic passage into the distal airspace unlike that observed in other end-organs that it infiltrates. Several of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the stepwise recruitment of circulating neutrophils to the infected lung have been defined over the past few decades; however, fundamental questions remain. In this article, we provide an updated review and perspective on emerging roles for the neutrophil in lung biology, on the molecular mechanisms that control the trafficking of neutrophils to the lung, and on past and ongoing efforts to design therapeutics to intervene upon pulmonary neutrophilia in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Lin
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, MD D2-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, MD D2-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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38
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Adams W, Espicha T, Estipona J. Getting Your Neutrophil: Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration in the Lung. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00659-20. [PMID: 33526562 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00659-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil transepithelial migration is a fundamental process that facilitates the rapid trafficking of neutrophils to inflammatory foci and occurs across a diverse range of tissues. For decades there has been widespread interest in understanding the mechanisms that drive this migratory process in response to different pathogens and organ systems. This has led to the successful integration of key findings on neutrophil transepithelial migration from the intestines, lungs, liver, genitourinary tract, and other tissues into a single, cohesive model. However, recent studies have identified organ specific differences in neutrophil transepithelial migration. These findings support a model where the tissue in concert with the pro-inflammatory stimuli dictate a unique collection of signals that drive neutrophil trafficking. This review focuses on the mechanisms that drive neutrophil transepithelial migration in response to microbial infection of a single organ, the lung. Herein we provide a detailed analysis of the adhesion molecules and chemoattractants that contribute to the recruitment of neutrophil into the airways. We also highlight important advances in experimental models for studying neutrophil transepithelial migration in the lung over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Taylor Espicha
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Janine Estipona
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
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39
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Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment and are therefore vulnerable to insults that can cause infection and injury. Maintaining the integrity and barrier function of the lung epithelium requires complex interactions of multiple cell lineages. Elucidating the cellular players and their regulation mechanisms provides fundamental information to deepen understanding about the responses and contributions of lung stem cells. This Review focuses on advances in our understanding of mammalian alveolar epithelial stem cell subpopulations and discusses insights about the regeneration-specific cell status of alveolar epithelial stem cells. We also consider how these advances can inform our understanding of post-injury lung repair processes and lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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40
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Saito M, Mitani A, Ishimori T, Miyashita N, Isago H, Mikami Y, Noguchi S, Tarui M, Nagase T. Active mTOR in Lung Epithelium Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Enhances Lung Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:699-708. [PMID: 32208980 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0255oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTOR pathway is one of the key signal cascades in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Previous studies have mainly focused on this pathway in the fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts, but not in the epithelial cells. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of the mTOR pathway in lung epithelial cells in lung fibrosis. Using Sftpc-mTORSL1+IT transgenic mice, in which active mTOR is conditionally expressed in lung epithelial cells, we assessed the effects of chronically activated mTOR in lung epithelial cells on lung phenotypes as well as bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Furthermore, we isolated alveolar epithelial cell type 2 from mice and performed RNA sequencing. Sftpc-mTORSL1+IT transgenic mice had no obvious abnormal findings, but, after bleomycin administration, showed more severe fibrotic changes and lower lung compliance than control mice. RNA sequencing revealed Angptl4 (angiopoietin-like protein 4) as a candidate downstream gene of the mTOR pathway. In vitro studies revealed that ANGPTL4, as well as mTOR, promoted tight junction vulnerability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. mTOR activation in lung epithelial cells promoted lung fibrosis and the expression of ANGPTL4, a novel downstream target of the mTOR pathway, which could be related to the etiology of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Mitani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Ishimori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Isago
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Tarui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Haque N, Fareez IM, Fong LF, Mandal C, Kasim NHA, Kacharaju KR, Soesilawati P. Role of the CXCR4-SDF1-HMGB1 pathway in the directional migration of cells and regeneration of affected organs. World J Stem Cells 2020. [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.0000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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42
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Haque N, Fareez IM, Fong LF, Mandal C, Abu Kasim NH, Kacharaju KR, Soesilawati P. Role of the CXCR4-SDF1-HMGB1 pathway in the directional migration of cells and regeneration of affected organs. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:938-951. [PMID: 33033556 PMCID: PMC7524697 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have reported positive outcomes of cell-based therapies despite insufficient engraftment of transplanted cells. These findings have created a huge interest in the regenerative potential of paracrine factors released from transplanted stem or progenitor cells. Interestingly, this notion has also led scientists to question the role of proteins in the secretome produced by cells, tissues or organisms under certain conditions or at a particular time of regenerative therapy. Further studies have revealed that the secretomes derived from different cell types contain paracrine factors that could help to prevent apoptosis and induce proliferation of cells residing within the tissues of affected organs. This could also facilitate the migration of immune, progenitor and stem cells within the body to the site of inflammation. Of these different paracrine factors present within the secretome, researchers have given proper consideration to stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) that plays a vital role in tissue-specific migration of the cells needed for regeneration. Recently researchers recognized that SDF1 could facilitate site-specific migration of cells by regulating SDF1-CXCR4 and/or HMGB1-SDF1-CXCR4 pathways which is vital for tissue regeneration. Hence in this study, we have attempted to describe the role of different types of cells within the body in facilitating regeneration while emphasizing the HMGB1-SDF1-CXCR4 pathway that orchestrates the migration of cells to the site where regeneration is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Ismail M Fareez
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Liew Fong Fong
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Chanchal Mandal
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 411007, Indonesia
| | - Kranthi Raja Kacharaju
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Pratiwi Soesilawati
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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43
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Yang SC, Tsai YF, Pan YL, Hwang TL. Understanding the role of neutrophils in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Biomed J 2020; 44:439-446. [PMID: 33087299 PMCID: PMC7481802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is difficult to treat and is associated with a high mortality rate. The most severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also leads to life-threatening ARDS. Neutrophil counts are positively correlated with disease severity in ARDS. Neutrophil activation not only plays a significant role in immune defense against infections, but also causes tissue damage and leads to inflammatory diseases. Activated neutrophils rapidly migrate to inflamed lung tissue, releasing toxic granular contents and generating neutrophil extracellular traps. In the last few decades, it has become apparent that neutrophils occupy a central role in ARDS pathology. In this review, we summarize the neutrophil inflammatory responses and their relationships to ARDS. According to the current literature, understanding the function of neutrophils may be helpful in the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fong Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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44
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Lin WC, Gowdy KM, Madenspacher JH, Zemans RL, Yamamoto K, Lyons-Cohen M, Nakano H, Janardhan K, Williams CJ, Cook DN, Mizgerd JP, Fessler MB. Epithelial membrane protein 2 governs transepithelial migration of neutrophils into the airspace. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:157-170. [PMID: 31550239 DOI: 10.1172/jci127144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether respiratory epithelial cells regulate the final transit of extravasated neutrophils into the inflamed airspace or are a passive barrier is poorly understood. Alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) cells, best known for solute transport and gas exchange, have few established immune roles. Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2), a tetraspan protein that promotes recruitment of integrins to lipid rafts, is highly expressed in AT1 cells but has no known function in lung biology. Here, we show that Emp2-/- mice exhibit reduced neutrophil influx into the airspace after a wide range of inhaled exposures. During bacterial pneumonia, Emp2-/- mice had attenuated neutrophilic lung injury and improved survival. Bone marrow chimeras, intravital neutrophil labeling, and in vitro assays suggested that defective transepithelial migration of neutrophils into the alveolar lumen occurs in Emp2-/- lungs. Emp2-/- AT1 cells had dysregulated surface display of multiple adhesion molecules, associated with reduced raft abundance. Epithelial raft abundance was dependent upon putative cholesterol-binding motifs in EMP2, whereas EMP2 supported adhesion molecule display and neutrophil transmigration through suppression of caveolins. Taken together, we propose that EMP2-dependent membrane organization ensures proper display on AT1 cells of a suite of proteins required to instruct paracellular neutrophil traffic into the alveolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Lin
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer H Madenspacher
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kazuko Yamamoto
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, Japan
| | - Miranda Lyons-Cohen
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyathanahalli Janardhan
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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YOSHIDA R, KITAHARA G, OSAWA T. Intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine: Its effect on the endometrium and subsequent fertility in postpartum dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:926-934. [PMID: 32435006 PMCID: PMC7399329 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the duration of inflammation after intrauterine infusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (povidone-iodine, PVP-I), determine the effect of PVP-I infusion on the subsequent fertility, and evaluate the histopathology of the endometrium in dairy cows. In Experiment 1, 120 lactating clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian cows at 5 weeks postpartum (W5) were equally divided into three groups: intrauterine infusion of 2% PVP-I (PVP), saline (SAL), and no treatment (NTX). Endometrial cytology was performed daily from D0 (W5) to D7 to determine the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN%) in 44 of the 120 cows. All cows received timed artificial insemination at D17. In Experiment 2, 25 cows were randomly classified into sacrifice at 24 hr or 48 hr after 2% PVP-I infusion (PVP24 and PVP48), and 24, 48, 72, or 96 hr after SAL infusion (SAL24; SAL48; SAL72; SAL96), or no treatment (NTX). Histopathology was performed on the uterus of each cow. In Experiment 1, PMN% was greater in PVP (P<0.05) than in SAL and NTX, on D1, but decreased to a level similar to that of the other groups by D2. Conception rate was higher (P<0.05) in PVP cows compared to SAL and NTX cows. In Experiment 2, stratified columnar epithelium in the uterus disappeared in PVP24 and SAL24. The epithelium was regenerated in PVP48, SAL72, and SAL96, but not in SAL48. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that PVP-I induces transient uterine inflammation, promotes regeneration of endometrial epithelial cells and improves fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumika YOSHIDA
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Haruna Dairy Cooperatives, Gunma 370-3531, Japan
| | - Go KITAHARA
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi OSAWA
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Chan LLY, Nicholls JM, Peiris JSM, Lau YL, Chan MCW, Chan RWY. Host DNA released by NETosis in neutrophils exposed to seasonal H1N1 and highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses. Respir Res 2020; 21:160. [PMID: 32576265 PMCID: PMC7310290 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil is of the most abundant number in human immune system. During acute influenza virus infection, neutrophils are already active in the early phase of inflammation - a time in which clinical biopsy or autopsy material is not readily available. However, the role of neutrophil in virus infection is not well understood. Here, we studied the role of neutrophil in host defense during influenza A virus infection, specifically assessing if it contributes to the differential pathogenesis in H5N1 disease. METHODS Neutrophils were freshly isolated from healthy volunteers and subjected to direct influenza H1N1 and H5N1 virus infection in vitro. The ability of the naïve neutrophils to infiltrate from the basolateral to the apical phase of the influenza virus infected alveolar epithelium was assessed. The viral replication, innate immune responses and Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation of neutrophils upon influenza virus infection were evaluated. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that influenza virus infected alveolar epithelium allowed neutrophil transmigration. Significantly more neutrophils migrated across the H5N1 influenza virus infected the epithelium than the counterpart infected by the seasonal influenza H1N1 virus infected. Neutrophils were equally susceptible to H5N1 and H1N1 virus infection with similar viral gene transcription. Productive replication was observed in H5N1 infected neutrophils. H5N1 induced higher cytokine and chemokine gene transcription than H1N1 infected neutrophils, including TNF-α, IFN-β, CXCL10, MIP-1α and IL-8. This inferred a more intense inflammatory response posed by H5N1 than H1N1 virus. Strikingly, NADPH oxidase-independent NET formation was only observed in H1N1 infected neutrophils at 6 hpi while no NET formation was observed upon H5N1 infection. CONCLUSION Our data is the first to demonstrate that NET formation is abrogated in H5N1 influenza virus infection and might contribute to the severity of H5N1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa L Y Chan
- CUHK-UMCU Joint Research Laboratory of Respiratory Virus & Immunobiology, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Public Health, Hong Kong, China
| | - John M Nicholls
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Michael C W Chan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renee W Y Chan
- CUHK-UMCU Joint Research Laboratory of Respiratory Virus & Immunobiology, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Zhou Y, Hua Z, Zhu Y, Wang L, Chen F, Shan T, Zhou Y, Dai T. Upregulation of ARHGAP30 attenuates pancreatic cancer progression by inactivating the β-catenin pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:225. [PMID: 32536813 PMCID: PMC7288688 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant gastrointestinal cancer that can widely metastasize during the early stage of disease, and it is associated with one of the worst prognoses among cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of Rho GTPase-activating protein 30 (ARHGAP30) in pancreatic cancer cells and thus propose a novel therapy for pancreatic cancer. Methods ARHGAP30 expression in tumor tissues from patients with pancreatic cancer as well as cell lines was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Cell proliferation, transwell, and apoptosis assays were performed and the levels of related proteins were determined after ARHGAP30 knockdown or overexpression. Additionally, in vivo experiments were performed on nude mice. Results ARHGAP30 expression was found to be significantly increased in tumor tissues from patients with pancreatic cancer as well as in pancreatic cancer cell lines. IHC and prognostic analyses indicated that patients with high ARHGAP30 expression had a good prognosis. ARHGAP30 overexpression significantly decreased pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and metastasis; promoted apoptosis; reduced β-catenin, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and MMP9 expression; and increased Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 expression. ARHGAP30 knockdown elicited the opposite effects. The effects of ARHGAP30 knockdown were potently attenuated by the β-catenin inhibitor XAV939. ARHGAP30 knockdown-induced RHOA activity was potently attenuated by the RHOA inhibitor CCG1423. In vivo, ARHGAP30 overexpression significantly inhibited lung metastasis in nude mice and increased the survival of mice with lung metastases. Conclusions Our findings indicate that ARHGAP30 may function as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer progression by regulating the expression of related genes and the β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Hua
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Department of Imaging, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhai Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuxi Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
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Wu Y, Guan S, Ge Y, Yang Y, Cao Y, Zhou J. Cigarette smoke promotes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through the miR-130a/Wnt1 axis. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104770. [PMID: 31935487 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a crucial factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Wnt/β-catenin signaling deregulation may further contribute to COPD progression. The deregulation and dysfunction of miRNAs in COPD have been reported. Investigating the deregulated miRNAs and their potential role in COPD progression may provide novel strategies for COPD treatment. In the present study, we analyzed significantly differentially-expressed miRNAs in COPD according to GSE44531 and miR-130a was selected. We revealed the upregulation of miR-130a in COPD, both in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated BEAS-2B cells and CS-exposed mice. MiR-130a negatively regulated three critical factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Wnt1, β-Catenin, and LEF1. MiR-130a inhibition rescued CSE-blocked activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro. MiR-130a targets WNT1 3'UTR to inhibit its expression. Moreover, in CSE-stimulated BEAS-2B cells, miR-130a overexpression aggravated, while miR-130a inhibition partially attenuated CSE-caused suppression on cell migration and proliferation. MiR-130a aggravates CSE-induced cellular injury in BEAS-2B cells by targeting Wnt signaling. In summary, miR-130a has a pathogenetic role in CS-induced COPD and regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting Wnt1. Our findings indicate that miR-130a is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CS-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Shuhong Guan
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yunqi Ge
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliation Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China.
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Aspal M, Zemans RL. Mechanisms of ATII-to-ATI Cell Differentiation during Lung Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3188. [PMID: 32366033 PMCID: PMC7246911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium consists of (ATI) and type II (ATII) cells. ATI cells cover the majority of the alveolar surface due to their thin, elongated shape and are largely responsible for barrier function and gas exchange. During lung injury, ATI cells are susceptible to injury, including cell death. Under some circumstances, ATII cells also die. To regenerate lost epithelial cells, ATII cells serve as progenitor cells. They proliferate to create new ATII cells and then differentiate into ATI cells [1,2,3]. Regeneration of ATI cells is critical to restore normal barrier and gas exchange function. Although the signaling pathways by which ATII cells proliferate have been explored [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12], the mechanisms of ATII-to-ATI cell differentiation have not been well studied until recently. New studies have uncovered signaling pathways that mediate ATII-to-ATI differentiation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibits ATII proliferation and promotes differentiation. Wnt/β-catenin and ETS variant transcription factor 5 (Etv5) signaling promote proliferation and inhibit differentiation. Delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) leads to a precisely timed inhibition of Notch signaling in later stages of alveolar repair, activating differentiation. Yes-associated protein/Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) signaling appears to promote both proliferation and differentiation. We recently identified a novel transitional cell state through which ATII cells pass as they differentiate into ATI cells, and this has been validated by others in various models of lung injury. This intermediate cell state is characterized by the activation of Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and other pathways, and some evidence suggests that TGFβ signaling induces and maintains this state. While the abovementioned signaling pathways have all been shown to be involved in ATII-to-ATI cell differentiation during lung regeneration, there is much that remains to be understood. The up- and down-stream signaling events by which these pathways are activated and by which they induce ATI cell differentiation are unknown. In addition, it is still unknown how the various mechanistic steps from each pathway interact with one another to control differentiation. Based on these recent studies that identified major signaling pathways driving ATII-to-ATI differentiation during alveolar regeneration, additional studies can be devised to understand the interaction between these pathways as they work in a coordinated manner to regulate differentiation. Moreover, the knowledge from these studies may eventually be used to develop new clinical treatments that accelerate epithelial cell regeneration in individuals with excessive lung damage, such as patients with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis, and emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Aspal
- College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all aerobic metabolism, hypoxia is now recognized to contribute fundamentally to inflammatory and immune responses. Studies from a number of groups have implicated a prominent role for oxygen metabolism and hypoxia in innate immunity of healthy tissue (physiologic hypoxia) and during active inflammation (inflammatory hypoxia). This inflammatory hypoxia emanates from a combination of recruited inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes), high rates of oxidative metabolism, and the activation of multiple oxygen-consuming enzymes during inflammation. These localized shifts toward hypoxia have identified a prominent role for the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the regulation of innate immunity. Such studies have provided new and enlightening insight into our basic understanding of immune mechanisms, and extensions of these findings have identified potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent literature around the topic of innate immunity and mucosal hypoxia with a focus on transcriptional responses mediated by HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA;
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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