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Yasuda T, Wang YA. Gastric cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment heterogeneity: implications for therapy development. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:627-642. [PMID: 38600020 PMCID: PMC11292672 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized solid tumor treatment, durable responses in gastric cancer (GC) remain limited. The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) facilitates immune evasion, contributing to resistance to conventional and immune therapies. Recent studies have highlighted how specific TME components in GC acquire immune escape capabilities through cancer-specific factors. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and targeting the immunosuppressive TME will enhance immunotherapy efficacy and patient outcomes. This review summarizes recent advances in GC TME research and explores the role of the immune-suppressive system as a context-specific determinant. We also provide insights into potential treatments beyond checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahito Yasuda
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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2
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de Winter N, Ji J, Sintou A, Forte E, Lee M, Noseda M, Li A, Koenig AL, Lavine KJ, Hayat S, Rosenthal N, Emanueli C, Srivastava PK, Sattler S. Persistent transcriptional changes in cardiac adaptive immune cells following myocardial infarction: New evidence from the re-analysis of publicly available single cell and nuclei RNA-sequencing data sets. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 192:48-64. [PMID: 38734060 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic immunopathology contributes to the development of heart failure after a myocardial infarction. Both T and B cells of the adaptive immune system are present in the myocardium and have been suggested to be involved in post-MI immunopathology. METHODS We analyzed the B and T cell populations isolated from previously published single cell RNA-sequencing data sets (PMID: 32130914, PMID: 35948637, PMID: 32971526 and PMID: 35926050), of the mouse and human heart, using differential expression analysis, functional enrichment analysis, gene regulatory inferences, and integration with autoimmune and cardiovascular GWAS. RESULTS Already at baseline, mature effector B and T cells are present in the human and mouse heart, having increased activity in transcription factors maintaining tolerance (e.g. DEAF1, JDP2, SPI-B). Following MI, T cells upregulate pro-inflammatory transcript levels (e.g. Cd11, Gzmk, Prf1), while B cells upregulate activation markers (e.g. Il6, Il1rn, Ccl6) and collagen (e.g. Col5a2, Col4a1, Col1a2). Importantly, pro-inflammatory and fibrotic transcription factors (e.g. NFKB1, CREM, REL) remain active in T cells, while B cells maintain elevated activity in transcription factors related to immunoglobulin production (e.g. ERG, REL) in both mouse and human post-MI hearts. Notably, genes differentially expressed in post-MI T and B cells are associated with cardiovascular and autoimmune disease. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the varied and time-dependent dynamic roles of post-MI T and B cells. They appear ready-to-go and are activated immediately after MI, thus participate in the acute wound healing response. However, they subsequently remain in a state of pro-inflammatory activation contributing to persistent immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha de Winter
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiahui Ji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Amalia Sintou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Forte
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, United States
| | - Michael Lee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre For Research Excellence, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Aoxue Li
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew L Koenig
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Nadia Rosenthal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, United States
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre For Research Excellence, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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Eum HH, Jeong D, Kim N, Jo A, Na M, Kang H, Hong Y, Kong JS, Jeong GH, Yoo SA, Lee HO. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals myeloid and T cell co-stimulation mediated by IL-7 anti-cancer immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1388-1401. [PMID: 38424167 PMCID: PMC11014989 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors unleash inhibitory signals on T cells conferred by tumors and surrounding stromal cells. Despite the clinical efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, the lack of target expression and persistence of immunosuppressive cells limit the pervasive effectiveness of the therapy. These limitations may be overcome by alternative approaches that co-stimulate T cells and the immune microenvironment. METHODS We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from multiple human cancers and a mouse tumor transplant model to discover the pleiotropic expression of the Interleukin 7 (IL-7) receptor on T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. RESULTS Our experiment on the mouse model demonstrated that recombinant IL-7 therapy induces tumor regression, expansion of effector CD8 T cells, and pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages. Moreover, spatial transcriptomic data support immunostimulatory interactions between macrophages and T cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate that IL-7 therapy induces anti-tumor immunity by activating T cells and pro-inflammatory myeloid cells, which may have diverse therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Hyeon Eum
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Jo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Na
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiram Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yourae Hong
- Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jin-Sun Kong
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Heon Jeong
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Ojo OA, Shen H, Ingram JT, Bonner JA, Welner RS, Lacaud G, Zajac AJ, Shi LZ. Gfi1 controls the formation of effector CD8 T cells during chronic infection and cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.579535. [PMID: 38659890 PMCID: PMC11042319 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.579535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
During chronic infections and tumor progression, CD8 T cells gradually lose their effector functions and become exhausted. These exhausted CD8 T cells are heterogeneous and comprised of different subsets, including self-renewing progenitors that give rise to Ly108 - CX3CR1 + effector-like cells. Generation of these effector-like cells is essential for the control of chronic infections and tumors, albeit limited. However, the precise cues and mechanisms directing the formation and maintenance of exhausted effector-like are incompletely understood. Using genetic mouse models challenged with LCMV Clone 13 or syngeneic tumors, we show that the expression of a transcriptional repressor, growth factor independent 1 (Gfi1) is dynamically regulated in exhausted CD8 T cells, which in turn regulates the formation of exhausted effector-like cells. Gfi1 deletion in T cells dysregulates the chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic programs associated with the differentiation of LCMV Clone 13-specific CD8 T cell exhaustion, preventing the formation of effector-like and terminally exhausted cells while maintaining progenitors and a newly identified Ly108 + CX3CR1 + state. These Ly108 + CX3CR1 + cells have a distinct chromatin profile and may represent an alternative target for therapeutic interventions to combat chronic infections and cancer. In sum, we show that Gfi1 is a critical regulator of the formation of exhausted effector-like cells.
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Das A, Yesupatham S, Allison D, Tanwar H, Gnanasekaran J, Kear B, Wang X, Wang S, Zachariadou C, Abbasi Y, Chung M, Ozato K, Liu C, Foster B, Thumbigere-Math V. Murine IRF8 Mutation Offers New Insight into Osteoclast and Root Resorption. J Dent Res 2024; 103:318-328. [PMID: 38343385 PMCID: PMC10985390 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231222173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcription factor expressed in immune cells, functions as a negative regulator of osteoclasts and helps maintain dental and skeletal homeostasis. Previously, we reported that a novel mutation in the IRF8 gene increases susceptibility to multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR), a form of tooth root resorption mediated by increased osteoclast activity. The IRF8 G388S variant in the highly conserved C-terminal motif is predicted to alter the protein structure, likely impairing IRF8 function. To investigate the molecular basis of MICRR and IRF8 function in osteoclastogenesis, we generated Irf8 knock-in (KI) mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technique modeling the human IRF8G388S mutation. The heterozygous (Het) and homozygous (Homo) Irf8 KI mice showed no gross morphological defects, and the development of hematopoietic cells was unaffected and similar to wild-type (WT) mice. The Irf8 KI Het and Homo mice showed no difference in macrophage gene signatures important for antimicrobial defenses and inflammatory cytokine production. Consistent with the phenotype observed in MICRR patients, Irf8 KI Het and Homo mice demonstrated significantly increased osteoclast formation and resorption activity in vivo and in vitro when compared to WT mice. The oral ligature-inserted Het and Homo mice displayed significantly increased root resorption and osteoclast-mediated alveolar bone loss compared to WT mice. The increased osteoclastogenesis noted in KI mice is due to the inability of IRF8G388S mutation to inhibit NFATc1-dependent transcriptional activation and downstream osteoclast specific transcripts, as well as its impact on autophagy-related pathways of osteoclast differentiation. This translational study delineates the IRF8 domain important for osteoclast function and provides novel insights into the IRF8 mutation associated with MICRR. IRF8G388S mutation mainly affects osteoclastogenesis while sparing immune cell development and function. These insights extend beyond oral health and significantly advance our understanding of skeletal disorders mediated by increased osteoclast activity and IRF8's role in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Das
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S.K. Yesupatham
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D. Allison
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H. Tanwar
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Gnanasekaran
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B. Kear
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C. Zachariadou
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Y. Abbasi
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M.K. Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K. Ozato
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C. Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - V. Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Eggert J, Zinzow-Kramer WM, Hu Y, Kolawole EM, Tsai YL, Weiss A, Evavold BD, Salaita K, Scharer CD, Au-Yeung BB. Cbl-b mitigates the responsiveness of naive CD8 + T cells that experience extensive tonic T cell receptor signaling. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadh0439. [PMID: 38319998 PMCID: PMC10897907 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Naive T cells experience tonic T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in response to self-antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in secondary lymphoid organs. We investigated how relatively weak or strong tonic TCR signals influence naive CD8+ T cell responses to stimulation with foreign antigens. The heterogeneous expression of Nur77-GFP, a transgenic reporter of tonic TCR signaling, in naive CD8+ T cells suggests variable intensities or durations of tonic TCR signaling. Although the expression of genes associated with acutely stimulated T cells was increased in Nur77-GFPHI cells, these cells were hyporesponsive to agonist TCR stimulation compared with Nur77-GFPLO cells. This hyporesponsiveness manifested as diminished activation marker expression and decreased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2. The protein abundance of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, a negative regulator of TCR signaling, was greater in Nur77-GFPHI cells than in Nur77-GFPLO cells, and Cbl-b deficiency partially restored the responsiveness of Nur77-GFPHI cells. Our data suggest that the cumulative effects of previously experienced tonic TCR signaling recalibrate naive CD8+ T cell responsiveness. These changes include gene expression changes and negative regulation partially dependent on Cbl-b. This cell-intrinsic negative feedback loop may enable the immune system to restrain naive CD8+ T cells with higher self-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Eggert
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Wendy M. Zinzow-Kramer
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Kolawole
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Yuan-Li Tsai
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Brian D. Evavold
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | | | - Byron B. Au-Yeung
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
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7
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Hsu H, Zanettini C, Coker M, Boudova S, Rach D, Mvula G, Divala TH, Mungwira RG, Boldrin F, Degiacomi G, Mazzabò LC, Manganelli R, Laufer MK, Zhang Y, Marchionni L, Cairo C. Concomitant assessment of PD-1 and CD56 expression identifies subsets of resting cord blood Vδ2 T cells with disparate cytotoxic potential. Cell Immunol 2024; 395-396:104797. [PMID: 38157646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes are programmed for broad antimicrobial responses with rapid production of Th1 cytokines even before birth, and thus thought to play key roles against pathogens in infants. The process regulating Vδ2 cell acquisition of cytotoxic potential shortly after birth remains understudied. We observed that perforin production in cord blood Vδ2 cells correlates with phenotypes defined by the concomitant assessment of PD-1 and CD56. Bulk RNA sequencing of sorted Vδ2 cell fractions indicated that transcripts related to cytotoxic activity and NK function are enriched in the subset with the highest proportion of perforin+ cells. Among differentially expressed transcripts, IRF8, previously linked to CD8 T cell effector differentiation and NK maturation, has the potential to mediate Vδ2 cell differentiation towards cytotoxic effectors. Our current and past results support the hypothesis that distinct mechanisms regulate Vδ2 cell cytotoxic function before and after birth, possibly linked to different levels of microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Hsu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Claudio Zanettini
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Modupe Coker
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sarah Boudova
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Rach
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Godfrey Mvula
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Titus H Divala
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Randy G Mungwira
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Miriam K Laufer
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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8
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Richard AC, Ma CY, Marioni JC, Griffiths GM. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes require transcription for infiltration but not target cell lysis. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57653. [PMID: 37860838 PMCID: PMC10626425 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for ridding the body of infected or cancerous cells. CTL T cell receptor (TCR) ligation not only drives the delivery and release of cytolytic granules but also initiates a new wave of transcription. In order to address whether TCR-induced transcriptomic changes impact the ability of CTLs to kill, we asked which genes are expressed immediately after CTLs encounter targets and how CTL responses change when inhibiting transcription. Our data demonstrate that while expression of cytokines/chemokines and transcriptional machinery depend on transcription, cytotoxic protein expression and cytolytic activity are relatively robust to transcription blockade, with CTLs lysing nearby target cells for several hours after actinomycin D treatment. Monitoring CTL movement among target cells after inhibiting transcription demonstrates an infiltration defect that is not rectified by provision of exogenous cytokine/chemokine gradients, indicating a cell-intrinsic transcriptional requirement for infiltration. Together, our results reveal differential molecular control of CTL functions, separating recruitment and infiltration from cytolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne C Richard
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Immunology ProgrammeThe Babraham InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Claire Y Ma
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John C Marioni
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)HinxtonUK
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9
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Lee EJ, Choi JG, Han JH, Kim YW, Lim J, Chung HS. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immuno-Oncology Characteristics of Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Photodynamic Therapy-Treated Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13913. [PMID: 37762216 PMCID: PMC10531263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise in reducing metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Modulating tumor-infiltrating immune cells by PDT may be achieved, which requires the characterization of immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Here, we determined the effect of Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-mediated PDT on tumor-infiltrating T cells using scRNA-seq analysis. We used a humanized programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) MC38 cell allograft mouse model, considering its potential as an immunogenic cancer model and in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade. PDT treatment significantly reduced tumor growth in mice containing hPD-1/PD-L1 MC38 tumors. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that the PDT group had increased levels of CD8+ activated T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, but decreased levels of exhausted CD8+ T cells. PDT treatment also enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors and increased the production of key effector molecules, including granzyme B and perforin 1. These findings provide insight into immune-therapeutic modulation for CRC patients and highlight the potential of PDT in overcoming immune evasion and enhancing antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (Y.-W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Junmo Lim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (Y.-W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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10
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Sugiyarto G, Lau D, Hill SL, Arcia-Anaya D, Boulanger DSM, Parkes EE, James E, Elliott T. Reactivation of low avidity tumor-specific CD8 + T cells associates with immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007114. [PMID: 37586767 PMCID: PMC10432680 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. Further insights on the roles of CD8+ specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. METHODS CT26 models were treated with anti-PD-1 on days 3, 6 and 9 following subcutaneous tumor implantation generating variable responses during early tumor development. Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8+ T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. Functional characterization of high and low avidity GSW11-specific CD8+ T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq. In vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo adoptive transfer experiments were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of high and low avidity populations. RESULTS Treatment success with anti-PD-1 was associated with the preferential expansion of low avidity (Tetlo) GSW11-specific CD8+ T cells with Vβ TCR expressing clonotypes. High avidity T cells (Tethi), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. Tetlo demonstrated precursor exhausted or progenitor T cell phenotypes marked by higher expression of Tcf-1 and T-bet, and lower expression of the exhaustion markers CD39, PD-1 and Eomes compared with Tethi, whereas Tethi cells were terminally exhausted. Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tetlo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tethi, whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. In vitro studies showed that Tetlo exhibits higher cytotoxicity than Tethi. Adoptive transfer of Tetlo showed more effective tumor control than Tethi, and curative responses were achieved when Tetlo was combined with two doses of anti-PD-1. CONCLUSIONS Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. Future interventions may consider expanding low avidity populations via vaccination or adoptive transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessa Sugiyarto
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Luke Hill
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Arcia-Anaya
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denise S M Boulanger
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward James
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Albeituni S, Oak N, Tillman HS, Stroh A, Keenan C, Bloom M, Nichols KE. Cellular and transcriptional impacts of Janus kinase and/or IFN-gamma inhibition in a mouse model of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137037. [PMID: 37228616 PMCID: PMC10204641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) is an inherited inflammatory syndrome driven by the exuberant activation of interferon-gamma (IFNg)-producing CD8 T cells. Towards this end, ruxolitinib treatment or IFNg neutralization (aIFNg) lessens immunopathology in a model of pHLH in which perforin-deficient mice (Prf1-/-) are infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). However, neither agent completely eradicates inflammation. Two studies combining ruxolitinib with aIFNg report conflicting results with one demonstrating improvement and the other worsening of disease manifestations. As these studies used differing doses of drugs and varying LCMV strains, it remained unclear whether combination therapy is safe and effective. Methods We previously showed that a ruxolitinib dose of 90 mg/kg lessens inflammation in Prf1-/- mice infected with LCMV-Armstrong. To determine whether this dose controls inflammation induced by a different LCMV strain, we administered ruxolitinib at 90mg/kg to Prf1-/- mice infected with LCMV-WE. To elucidate the impacts of single agent versus combination therapy, Prf1-/- animals were infected with LCMV, treated or not with ruxolitinib, aIFNg or both agents, and analyzed for disease features and the transcriptional impacts of therapy within purified CD8 T cells. Results Ruxolitinib is well-tolerated and controls disease regardless of the viral strain used. aIFNg, administered alone or with ruxolitinib, is most effective at reversing anemia and reducing serum IFNg levels. In contrast, ruxolitinib appears better than aIFNg, and equally or more effective than combination therapy, at lessening immune cell expansion and cytokine production. Each treatment targets distinct gene expression pathways with aIFNg downregulating IFNg, IFNa, and IL-6-STAT3 pathways, and ruxolitinib downregulating IL-6-STAT3, glycolysis, and reactive oxygen species pathways. Unexpectedly, combination therapy is associated with upregulation of genes driving cell survival and proliferation. Conclusions Ruxolitinib is tolerated and curtails inflammation regardless of the inciting viral strain and whether it is given alone or in combination with aIFNg. When administered at the doses used in this study, the combination of ruxolitinb and aIFNg appears no better than treatment with either drug alone in lessening inflammation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the optimal doses, schedules, and combinations of these agents for the treatment of patients with pHLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin Albeituni
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Heather S. Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alexa Stroh
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Camille Keenan
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mackenzie Bloom
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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12
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Rose JR, Akdogan-Ozdilek B, Rahmberg AR, Powell MD, Hicks SL, Scharer CD, Boss JM. Distinct transcriptomic and epigenomic modalities underpin human memory T cell subsets and their activation potential. Commun Biol 2023; 6:363. [PMID: 37012418 PMCID: PMC10070634 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human memory T cells (MTC) are poised to rapidly respond to antigen re-exposure. Here, we derived the transcriptional and epigenetic programs of resting and ex vivo activated, circulating CD4+ and CD8+ MTC subsets. A progressive gradient of gene expression from naïve to TCM to TEM is observed, which is accompanied by corresponding changes in chromatin accessibility. Transcriptional changes suggest adaptations of metabolism that are reflected in altered metabolic capacity. Other differences involve regulatory modalities comprised of discrete accessible chromatin patterns, transcription factor binding motif enrichment, and evidence of epigenetic priming. Basic-helix-loop-helix factor motifs for AHR and HIF1A distinguish subsets and predict transcription networks to sense environmental changes. Following stimulation, primed accessible chromatin correlate with an augmentation of MTC gene expression as well as effector transcription factor gene expression. These results identify coordinated epigenetic remodeling, metabolic, and transcriptional changes that enable MTC subsets to ultimately respond to antigen re-encounters more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Rose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bagdeser Akdogan-Ozdilek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew R Rahmberg
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Powell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sakeenah L Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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13
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Eggert J, Zinzow-Kramer WM, Hu Y, Tsai YL, Weiss A, Salaita K, Scharer CD, Au-Yeung BB. Accumulation of TCR signaling from self-antigens in naive CD8 T cells mitigates early responsiveness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525946. [PMID: 36747815 PMCID: PMC9900884 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cumulative effects of T cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction over extended periods of time influences T cell biology, such as the positive selection of immature thymocytes or the proliferative responses of naive T cells. Naive T cells experience recurrent TCR signaling in response to self-antigens in the steady state. However, how these signals influence the responsiveness of naive CD8+ T cells to subsequent agonist TCR stimulation remains incompletely understood. We investigated how naive CD8+ T cells that experienced relatively low or high levels of TCR signaling in response to self-antigens respond to stimulation with foreign antigens. A transcriptional reporter of Nr4a1 (Nur77-GFP) revealed substantial heterogeneity of the amount of TCR signaling naive CD8+ T cells accumulate in the steady state. Nur77-GFPHI cells exhibited diminished T cell activation and secretion of IFNγ and IL-2 relative to Nur77-GFPLO cells in response to agonist TCR stimulation. Differential gene expression analyses revealed upregulation of genes associated with acutely stimulated T cells in Nur77-GFPHI cells but also increased expression of negative regulators such as the phosphatase Sts1. Responsiveness of Nur77-GFPHI cells to TCR stimulation was partially restored at the level of IFNγ secretion by deficiency of Sts1 or the ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b. Our data suggest that extensive accumulation of TCR signaling during steady state conditions induces a recalibration of the responsiveness of naive CD8+ T cells through gene expression changes and negative regulation, at least in part, dependent on Sts1 and Cbl-b. This cell-intrinsic negative feedback loop may allow the immune system to limit the autoreactive potential of highly self-reactive naive CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Eggert
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University
| | - Wendy M. Zinzow-Kramer
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University
| | - Yuan-Li Tsai
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | - Byron B. Au-Yeung
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University
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14
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Zhou Y, Ji M, Xia Y, Han X, Li M, Li W, Sun T, Zhang J, Lu F, Sun Y, Liu N, Li J, Ma D, Ye J, Ji C. Silencing of IRF8 Mediated by m6A Modification Promotes the Progression of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2201724. [PMID: 36478193 PMCID: PMC9839875 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis, urging for novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a crucial methylation modification that affects the pathogenesis of leukemia by regulating the mRNA of key genes. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a crucial transcription factor for hematological lineage commitment, but its role in T-ALL is unclear. Here, IRF8 is shown to suppress T-ALL. The expression of IRF8 is abnormally silenced in patients with T-ALL. Knockout of Irf8 significantly hastens the progression of Notch1-induced T-ALL in vivo. Overexpression of IRF8 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of T-ALL cells by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway. The fat mass- and obesity-associated protein (FTO), an m6A demethylase, is responsible for directly binding to m6A sites in 3' untranslated region of IRF8 messenger RNA (mRNA) and inducing mRNA degradation via m6A modification. Targeting the FTO-IRF8 axis is used as a proof of concept therapy; inhibition of FTO's demethylase activity drastically alleviates the proliferation of leukemic cells and prolongs the survival of T-ALL mice by restoring IRF8 expression. This study elucidates the pathogenesis of T-ALL from the perspective of epitranscriptomics and provides new insight into the genetic mechanisms and targeted therapy of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Mingying Li
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of ImmunohematologyQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Fei Lu
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of ImmunohematologyQilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
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15
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IRF8: Mechanism of Action and Health Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172630. [PMID: 36078039 PMCID: PMC9454819 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor of the IRF protein family. IRF8 was originally identified as an essentialfactor for myeloid cell lineage commitment and differentiation. Deletion of Irf8 leads to massive accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ immature myeloid cells (IMCs), particularly the CD11b+Ly6Chi/+Ly6G− polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like cells (PMN-MDSCs). Under pathological conditions such as cancer, Irf8 is silenced by its promoter DNA hypermethylation, resulting in accumulation of PMN-MDSCs and CD11b+ Ly6G+Ly6Clo monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) in mice. IRF8 is often silenced in MDSCs in human cancer patients. MDSCs are heterogeneous populations of immune suppressive cells that suppress T and NK cell activity to promote tumor immune evasion and produce growth factors to exert direct tumor-promoting activity. Emerging experimental data reveals that IRF8 is also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells. Epithelial cell-expressed IRF8 regulates apoptosis and represses Osteopontin (OPN). Human tumor cells may use the IRF8 promoter DNA methylation as a mechanism to repress IRF8 expression to advance cancer through acquiring apoptosis resistance and OPN up-regulation. Elevated OPN engages CD44 to suppress T cell activation and promote tumor cell stemness to advance cancer. IRF8 thus is a transcription factor that regulates both the immune and non-immune components in human health and diseases.
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16
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Chakraborty P, Parikh RY, Choi S, Tran D, Gooz M, Hedley ZT, Kim DS, Pytel D, Kang I, Nadig SN, Beeson GC, Ball L, Mehrotra M, Wang H, Berto S, Palanisamy V, Li H, Chatterjee S, Rodriguez PC, Maldonado EN, Diehl JA, Gangaraju VK, Mehrotra S. Carbon Monoxide Activates PERK-Regulated Autophagy to Induce Immunometabolic Reprogramming and Boost Antitumor T-cell Function. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1969-1990. [PMID: 35404405 PMCID: PMC9117468 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) share structural and functional networks and activate well-orchestrated signaling processes to shape cells' fate and function. While persistent ER stress (ERS) response leads to mitochondrial collapse, moderate ERS promotes mitochondrial function. Strategies to boost antitumor T-cell function by targeting ER-mitochondria cross-talk have not yet been exploited. Here, we used carbon monoxide (CO), a short-lived gaseous molecule, to test whether engaging moderate ERS conditions can improve mitochondrial and antitumor functions in T cells. In melanoma antigen-specific T cells, CO-induced transient activation of ERS sensor protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) significantly increased antitumor T-cell function. Furthermore, CO-induced PERK activation temporarily halted protein translation and induced protective autophagy, including mitophagy. The use of LC3-GFP enabled differentiation between the cells that prepare themselves to undergo active autophagy (LC3-GFPpos) and those that fail to enter the process (LC3-GFPneg). LC3-GFPpos T cells showed strong antitumor potential, whereas LC3-GFPneg cells exhibited a T regulatory-like phenotype, harbored dysfunctional mitochondria, and accumulated abnormal metabolite content. These anomalous ratios of metabolites rendered the cells with a hypermethylated state and distinct epigenetic profile, limiting their antitumor activity. Overall, this study shows that ERS-activated autophagy pathways modify the mitochondrial function and epigenetically reprogram T cells toward a superior antitumor phenotype to achieve robust tumor control. SIGNIFICANCE Transient activation of ER stress with carbon monoxide drives mitochondrial biogenesis and protective autophagy that elicits superior antitumor T-cell function, revealing an approach to improving adoptive cell efficacy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rasesh Y Parikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Seungho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Danh Tran
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Monika Gooz
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachariah T Hedley
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Do-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dariusz Pytel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Inhong Kang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gyda C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lauren Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Meenal Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Viswanathan Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shilpak Chatterjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eduardo N Maldonado
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vamsi K Gangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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17
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Lagumdzic E, Pernold C, Viano M, Olgiati S, Schmitt MW, Mair KH, Saalmüller A. Transcriptome Profiling of Porcine Naïve, Intermediate and Terminally Differentiated CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849922. [PMID: 35265090 PMCID: PMC8900158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig has the potential to become a leading research model for human diseases, pharmacological and transplantation studies. Since there are many similarities between humans and pigs, especially concerning anatomy, physiology and metabolism, there is necessity for a better understanding of the porcine immune system. In adaptive immunity, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are essential for host defense. However, most data on CTLs come from studies in mice, non-human primates and humans, while detailed information about porcine CD8+ CTLs is still sparse. Aim of this study was to analyze transcriptomes of three subsets of porcine CD8β+ T-cell subsets by using next-generation sequencing technology. Specifically, we described transcriptional profiles of subsets defined by their CD11a/CD27 expression pattern, postulated as naïve (CD8β+CD27+CD11alow), intermediate differentiated (CD8β+CD27dimCD11a+), and terminally differentiated cells (CD8β+CD27-CD11ahigh). Cells were analyzed in ex vivo condition as well as upon in vitro stimulation with concanavalin A (ConA) and PMA/ionomycin. Our analyses show that the highest number of differentially expressed genes was identified between naïve and terminally differentiated CD8+ T-cell subsets, underlining their difference in gene expression signature and respective differentiation stages. Moreover, genes related to early (IL7-R, CCR7, SELL, TCF7, LEF1, BACH2, SATB1, ZEB1 and BCL2) and late (KLRG1, TBX21, PRDM1, CX3CR1, ZEB2, ZNF683, BATF, EZH2 and ID2) stages of CD8+ T-cell differentiation were highly expressed in the naïve and terminally differentiated CD8+ T-cell subsets, respectively. Intermediate differentiated CD8+ T-cell subsets shared a more comparable gene expression profile associated with later stages of T-cell differentiation. Genes associated with cytolytic activity (GNLY, PRF1, GZMB, FASL, IFNG and TNF) were highly expressed in terminally and intermediate differentiated CD8+ T-cell subsets, while naïve CD8+ T cells lacked expression even after in vitro stimulation. Overall, PMA/ionomycin stimulation induced much stronger upregulation of genes compared to stimulation with ConA. Taken together, we provided comprehensive results showing transcriptional profiles of three differentiation stages of porcine CD8+ T-cell subsets. In addition, our study provides a powerful toolbox for the identification of candidate markers to characterize porcine immune cell subsets in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Lagumdzic
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara Pernold
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Viano
- Istituto di Ricerche Biomediche "A. Marxer" RBM S.p.A., Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Olgiati
- Istituto di Ricerche Biomediche "A. Marxer" RBM S.p.A., Torino, Italy
| | - Michael W Schmitt
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Chemical & Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kerstin H Mair
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Petkau G, Mitchell TJ, Chakraborty K, Bell SE, D Angeli V, Matheson L, Turner DJ, Saveliev A, Gizlenci O, Salerno F, Katsikis PD, Turner M. The timing of differentiation and potency of CD8 effector function is set by RNA binding proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2274. [PMID: 35477960 PMCID: PMC9046422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell differentiation into effector cells is initiated early after antigen encounter by signals from the T cell antigen receptor and costimulatory molecules. The molecular mechanisms that establish the timing and rate of differentiation however are not defined. Here we show that the RNA binding proteins (RBP) ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 limit the rate of differentiation of activated naïve CD8+ T cells and the potency of the resulting cytotoxic lymphocytes. The RBP function in an early and short temporal window to enforce dependency on costimulation via CD28 for full T cell activation and effector differentiation by directly binding mRNA of NF-κB, Irf8 and Notch1 transcription factors and cytokines, including Il2. Their absence in T cells, or the adoptive transfer of small numbers of CD8+ T cells lacking the RBP, promotes resilience to influenza A virus infection without immunopathology. These findings highlight ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 as nodes for the integration of the early T cell activation signals controlling the speed and quality of the CD8+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Petkau
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Twm J Mitchell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Vanessa D Angeli
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Louise Matheson
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - David J Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Alexander Saveliev
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ozge Gizlenci
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Fiamma Salerno
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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19
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Tcf1 preprograms the mobilization of glycolysis in central memory CD8 + T cells during recall responses. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:386-398. [PMID: 35190717 PMCID: PMC8904300 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the heightened protection mediated by central memory CD8+ T (TCM) cells remain unclear. Here we show that the transcription factor Tcf1 was required in resting TCM cells to generate secondary effector CD8+ T cells and to clear pathogens during recall responses. Recall stimulation of CD8+ TCM cells caused extensive reprogramming of the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility, leading to rapid induction of glycolytic enzymes, cell cycle regulators and transcriptional regulators, including Id3. This cluster of genes did not require Tcf1 in resting CD8+ TCM cells, but depended on Tcf1 for optimal induction and chromatin opening in recall-stimulated CD8+ TCM cells. Tcf1 bound extensively to these recall-induced gene loci in resting CD8+ TCM cells and mediated chromatin interactions that positioned these genes in architectural proximity with poised enhancers. Thus, Tcf1 preprogramed a transcriptional program that supported the bioenergetic and proliferative needs of CD8+ TCM cells in case of a secondary challenge.
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20
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Winkels H, Ghosheh Y, Kobiyama K, Kiosses WB, Orecchioni M, Ehinger E, Suryawanshi V, Herrera-De La Mata S, Marchovecchio P, Riffelmacher T, Thiault N, Kronenberg M, Wolf D, Seumois G, Vijayanand P, Ley K. Thymus-Derived CD4 +CD8 + Cells Reside in Mediastinal Adipose Tissue and the Aortic Arch. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2720-2732. [PMID: 34740961 PMCID: PMC8612987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Double-positive CD4+CD8αβ+ (DP) cells are thought to reside as T cell progenitors exclusively within the thymus. We recently discovered an unexpected CD4+ and CD8αβ+ immune cell population in healthy and atherosclerotic mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptomically, these cells resembled thymic DPs. Flow cytometry and three-dimensional whole-mount imaging confirmed DPs in thymus, mediastinal adipose tissue, and aortic adventitia, but nowhere else. Deep transcriptional profiling revealed differences between DP cells isolated from the three locations. All DPs were dependent on RAG2 expression and the presence of the thymus. Mediastinal adipose tissue DPs resided in close vicinity to invariant NKT cells, which they could activate in vitro. Thymus transplantation failed to reconstitute extrathymic DPs, and frequencies of extrathymic DPs were unaltered by pharmacologic inhibition of S1P1, suggesting that their migration may be locally confined. Our results define two new, transcriptionally distinct subsets of extrathymic DPs that may play a role in aortic vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Winkels
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA;
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis Wolf
- University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | | | | | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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21
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Lack of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 Associated with Restricted IFN-gamma expression Augmented Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication in the Mouse Brain. J Virol 2021; 95:e0040621. [PMID: 34379515 PMCID: PMC8513486 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00406-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8), a myeloid lineage transcription factor, emerges as an essential regulator for microglia activation. However, the precise role of IRF8 during Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in the brain remains elusive. Here we report that JEV infection enhances IRF8 expression in the infected mice brain. Comparative transcriptional profiling of whole-brain RNA analysis and validation by qRT-PCR reveals an impaired IFNγ and related gene expression in Irf8 knockout (Irf8-/-) infected mice. Further, Ifnγ knockout (Ifnγ-/-) mice exhibit a reduced level of Irf8. Both Ifnγ-/- and Irf8-/- mice exhibit significantly reduced levels of activated (CD11b+CD45hi, CD11b+CD45lo, Cd68, and CD86) and infiltrating immune cells (Ly6C+, CD4, and CD8) in the infected brain as compared to WT mice. However, a higher level of granulocyte cells (Ly6G+) infiltration is evident in Irf8-/- mice and the increased concentration of TNFα, IL6, MCP1 levels in the brain. Interestingly, neither Irf8-/- nor Ifnγ-/- has conferred protection against lethal JEV challenge to mice and exhibits augmentation in JEV replication in the brain. The gain of function of Irf8 by overexpressing functional IRF8 in an IRF8 deficient cell line attenuates viral replication and enhances IFNγ production. Overall, we summarise that in the murine model of JEV encephalitis, IRF8 modulation affects JEV replication. We also evidence that lack of Irf8 affects immune cells abundance in circulation and the infected brain leading to a reduction in IFNγ level and increased viral load in the brain. Importance Microglial cells, the resident macrophages in the brain, play a vital role in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) pathogenesis. The deregulated activity of microglia can be lethal for the brain. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the regulators that drive microglia's phenotype changes and induce inflammation in the brain. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a myeloid lineage transcription factor involved in microglial activation. However, the impact of IRF8 modulation on JEV replication remains elusive. Moreover, the pathways regulated by IRF8 to initiate and amplify pathological neuroinflammation are not well understood. Here, we demonstrated the effect of IRF8 modulation on JEV replication, microglial activation, and immune cells infiltration in the brain.
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22
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway control of CD8+ T cell differentiation. Biochem J 2021; 478:79-98. [PMID: 33305809 PMCID: PMC7813476 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The integration of multiple signalling pathways that co-ordinate T cell metabolism and transcriptional reprogramming is required to drive T cell differentiation and proliferation. One key T cell signalling module is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) which are activated in response to antigen receptor engagement. The activity of ERKs is often used to report antigen receptor occupancy but the full details of how ERKs control T cell activation is not understood. Accordingly, we have used mass spectrometry to explore how ERK signalling pathways control antigen receptor driven proteome restructuring in CD8+ T cells to gain insights about the biological processes controlled by ERKs in primary lymphocytes. Quantitative analysis of >8000 proteins identified 900 ERK regulated proteins in activated CD8+ T cells. The data identify both positive and negative regulatory roles for ERKs during T cell activation and reveal that ERK signalling primarily controls the repertoire of transcription factors, cytokines and cytokine receptors expressed by activated T cells. It was striking that a large proportion of the proteome restructuring that is driven by triggering of the T cell antigen receptor is not dependent on ERK activation. However, the selective targets of the ERK signalling module include the critical effector molecules and the cytokines that allow T cell communication with other immune cells to mediate adaptive immune responses.
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23
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T cells: a dedicated effector kinase pathways for every trait? Biochem J 2021; 478:1303-1307. [PMID: 33755101 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways play critical roles in regulating the activation of T cells. Recognition of foreign peptide presented by MHC to the T cell receptor (TCR) triggers a signaling cascade of proximal kinases and adapter molecules that lead to the activation of Effector kinase pathways. These effector kinase pathways play pivotal roles in T cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. RNA sequencing-based methods have provided insights into the gene expression programs that support the above-mentioned cell biological responses. The proteome is often overlooked. A recent study by Damasio et al. [Biochem. J. (2021) 478, 79-98. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200661] focuses on characterizing the effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) on the remodeling of the proteome of activated CD8+ T cells using Mass spectrometric analysis. Surprisingly, the Effector kinase ERK pathway is responsible for only a select proportion of the proteome that restructures during T cell activation. The primary targets of ERK signaling are transcription factors, cytokines, and cytokine receptors. In this commentary, we discuss the recent findings by Damasio et al. [Biochem. J. (2021) 478, 79-98. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200661] in the context of different Effector kinase pathways in activated T cells.
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24
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Beaulieu AM. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of memory NK cell responses. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:125-133. [PMID: 33491231 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes with key roles in host protection against viruses and malignancy. Notwithstanding their historical classification as innate immune cells, NK cells are now understood to have some capacity to mount memory or memory-like immune responses in which effector cells undergo antigen-driven expansion and give rise to long-lived memory cells with enhanced functionality. Understanding how antigen-specific effector and memory NK responses are regulated is an important and active area of research in the field. Here, we discuss key transcription factors and epigenetic processes involved in antigen-specific effector and memory NK cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee M Beaulieu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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25
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Das A, Wang X, Kang J, Coulter A, Shetty AC, Bachu M, Brooks SR, Dell'Orso S, Foster BL, Fan X, Ozato K, Somerman MJ, Thumbigere-Math V. Monocyte Subsets With High Osteoclastogenic Potential and Their Epigenetic Regulation Orchestrated by IRF8. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:199-214. [PMID: 32804442 PMCID: PMC8168257 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) are bone-resorbing cells formed by the serial fusion of monocytes. In mice and humans, three distinct subsets of monocytes exist; however, it is unclear if all of them exhibit osteoclastogenic potential. Here we show that in wild-type (WT) mice, Ly6Chi and Ly6Cint monocytes are the primary source of OC formation when compared to Ly6C- monocytes. Their osteoclastogenic potential is dictated by increased expression of signaling receptors and activation of preestablished transcripts, as well as de novo gain in enhancer activity and promoter changes. In the absence of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcription factor important for myelopoiesis and osteoclastogenesis, all three monocyte subsets are programmed to display higher osteoclastogenic potential. Enhanced NFATc1 nuclear translocation and amplified transcriptomic and epigenetic changes initiated at early developmental stages direct the increased osteoclastogenesis in Irf8-deficient mice. Collectively, our study provides novel insights into the transcription factors and active cis-regulatory elements that regulate OC differentiation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Das
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Kang
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa Coulter
- Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mahesh Bachu
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Dell'Orso
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Flow Cytometry Shared Service, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Oral and Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Xia X, Wang W, Yin K, Wang S. Interferon regulatory factor 8 governs myeloid cell development. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Lv M, Chen M, Zhang R, Zhang W, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wei X, Guan Y, Liu J, Feng K, Jing M, Wang X, Liu YC, Mei Q, Han W, Jiang Z. Manganese is critical for antitumor immune responses via cGAS-STING and improves the efficacy of clinical immunotherapy. Cell Res 2020; 30:966-979. [PMID: 32839553 PMCID: PMC7785004 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell-mediated cancer clearance is often suppressed by the interaction between inhibitory molecules like PD-1 and PD-L1, an interaction acts like brakes to prevent T cell overreaction under normal conditions but is exploited by tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapeutics by removing such brakes. Unfortunately, only a minority of cancer patients respond to immunotherapies presumably due to inadequate immunity. Antitumor immunity depends on the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, as STING-deficient mice fail to stimulate tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) to activate CD8+ T cells. STING agonists also enhance natural killer (NK) cells to mediate the clearance of CD8+ T cell-resistant tumors. Therefore STING agonists have been intensively sought after. We previously discovered that manganese (Mn) is indispensable for the host defense against cytosolic dsDNA by activating cGAS-STING. Here we report that Mn is also essential in innate immune sensing of tumors and enhances adaptive immune responses against tumors. Mn-insufficient mice had significantly enhanced tumor growth and metastasis, with greatly reduced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Mechanically, Mn2+ promoted DC and macrophage maturation and tumor-specific antigen presentation, augmented CD8+ T cell differentiation, activation and NK cell activation, and increased memory CD8+ T cells. Combining Mn2+ with immune checkpoint inhibition synergistically boosted antitumor efficacies and reduced the anti-PD-1 antibody dosage required in mice. Importantly, a completed phase 1 clinical trial with the combined regimen of Mn2+ and anti-PD-1 antibody showed promising efficacy, exhibiting type I IFN induction, manageable safety and revived responses to immunotherapy in most patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors. We propose that this combination strategy warrants further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yukun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Kaichao Feng
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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28
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Fourier N, Zolty M, Azriel A, Tedesco D, Levi BZ. MafK Mediates Chromatin Remodeling to Silence IRF8 Expression in Non-immune Cells in a Cell Type-SpecificManner. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4544-4560. [PMID: 32534063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is a result of a complex interplay between chromatin remodeling, transcription factors, and signaling molecules. Cell differentiation is accompanied by chromatin remodeling of specific loci to permanently silence genes that are not essential for the differentiated cell activity. The molecular cues that recruit the chromatin remodeling machinery are not well characterized. IRF8 is an immune-cell specific transcription factor and its expression is augmented by interferon-γ. Therefore, it serves as a model gene to elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing its silencing in non-immune cells. Ahigh-throughput shRNA library screen in IRF8 expression-restrictive cells enabled the identification of MafK as modulator of IRF8 silencing, affecting chromatin architecture. ChIP-Seq analysis revealed three MafK binding regions (-25 kb, -20 kb, and IRF8 6th intron) within the IRF8 locus. These MafK binding sites are sufficient to repress a reporter gene when cloned in genome-integrated lentiviral reporter constructs in only expression-restrictive cells. Conversely, plasmid-based constructs do not demonstrate such repressive effect. These results highlight the role of these MafK binding sites in mediating repressed chromatin assembly. Finally, a more thorough genomic analysis was performed, using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete MafK-int6 binding region in IRF8 expression-restrictive cells. Deleted clones exhibited an accessible chromatin conformation within the IRF8 locus that was accompanied by a significant increase in basal expression of IRF8 that was further induced by interferon-γ. Taken together, we identified and characterized several MafK binding elements within the IRF8 locus that mediate repressive chromatin conformation resulting in the silencing of IRF8 expression in a celltype-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitsan Fourier
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maya Zolty
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviva Azriel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ben-Zion Levi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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29
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Miyagawa F, Tagaya Y, Ozato K, Horie K, Asada H. Inflammatory monocyte-derived dendritic cells mediate autoimmunity in murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Transl Autoimmun 2020; 3:100060. [PMID: 32743540 PMCID: PMC7388367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we recently demonstrated that the two major manifestations of SLE are mechanistically independent because the type I IFN pathway leads to the autoantibody production whereas the NF-κB activation is sufficient for the development of glomerulonephritis. To further advance our understandings on the molecular pathways regulating the development of SLE, we studied the role of IRF8 because it controls both type I IFN and NF-κB pathways and saw that IRF8-deficient mice failed to develop either glomerulonephritis or the autoantibody production. Furthermore, these genetically engineered mice prompted us to realize the important role of Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes in the development of SLE. These monocytes migrate to the peritoneal cavity in WT and IRF7-deficient mice but not in IRF8-deficient mice, and there they produce both type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines in WT mice, while in IRF7-deficient mice they only produce proinflammatory cytokines. Upon migration to the spleen, Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) which are capable of producing proinflammatory cytokines in response to dsDNA autoantigen. Collectively, type I IFN produced from inflammatory monocytes/monocyte-derived DCs might be essential for autoantibody production whereas proinflammatory cytokines produced from them might mediate tissue damages in this model. Our study reveals a specialized role for monocyte-derived antigen presenting cells in autoimmunity. Plasticity of monocyte might play an important role not only in the pathogenesis of the disease but also in flare-ups of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- Cell Biology Lab, Division of Infectious Agents and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyoji Horie
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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30
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Abstract
One of the hallmarks of the vertebrate adaptive immune system is the prolific expansion of individual cell clones that encounter their cognate antigen. More recently, however, there is growing evidence for the clonal expansion of innate lymphocytes, particularly in the context of pathogen challenge. Clonal expansion not only serves to amplify the number of specific lymphocytes to mount a robust protective response to the pathogen at hand but also results in selection and differentiation of the responding lymphocytes to generate a multitude of cell fates. Here, we summarize the evidence for clonal expansion in innate lymphocytes, which has primarily been observed in natural killer (NK) cells responding to cytomegalovirus infection, and consider the requirements for such a response in NK cells in light of those for T cells. Furthermore, we discuss multiple aspects of heterogeneity that both contribute to and result from the fundamental immunological process of clonal expansion, highlighting the parallels between innate and adaptive lymphocytes, with a particular focus on NK cells and CD8+ T cells.
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31
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Bigley V, Collin M. Insights from Patients with Dendritic Cell Immunodeficiency. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:116-123. [PMID: 32344243 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic Cells (DCs), derived from haematopoietic stem cells, are critical to the dynamic and balanced functioning of the intact immune system and are of great interest as vehicles of immunotherapy. Genetically modified mouse models have proved powerful tools to map DC development and function in vivo but human studies have previously relied heavily on in vitro systems. Human dendritic cell immunodeficiency, resulting from single gene mutations, offers new opportunities to dissect the role of human DCs in vivo, determine the genetic requirements for their development and map their haematopoietic differentiation pathways. This review will summarise the clinical phenotypes of mutations in GATA2, IRF8 and IKZF1 genes which result in global or subset specific dendritic cell deficiencies, discuss the functional consequences of these cytopenias and how these syndromes have informed our knowledge of DC differentiation and human haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Bigley
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Matthew Collin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Fu K, Hui B, Wang Q, Lu C, Shi W, Zhang Z, Rong D, Zhang B, Tian Z, Tang W, Cao H, Wang X, Chen Z. Single-cell RNA sequencing of immune cells in gastric cancer patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2747-2763. [PMID: 32039830 PMCID: PMC7041746 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has achieved positive clinical responses in the treatment of various cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we characterized the heterogeneity of T cells isolated from GC patients at the single-cell level using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified different immune cell subtypes and their heterogeneous transcription factors and depicted their developmental trajectories. In particular, we focused on exhausted CD8+ cells and Tregs and discovered that, as compared to control, the IRF8 transcription factor was downregulated in CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from GC tissues, and that GC patients with lower IRF8 levels in blood CD8+ T cells tended to be a at a more advanced disease stage. These findings provide a theoretical basis for targeted immune therapy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqing Hui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihong Shi
- Jiangsu Research Center for Primary Health Development and General Education, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Rong
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Betty Zhang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zhaofeng Tian
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Welten SPM, Sandu I, Baumann NS, Oxenius A. Memory CD8 T cell inflation vs tissue-resident memory T cells: Same patrollers, same controllers? Immunol Rev 2019; 283:161-175. [PMID: 29664565 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The induction of long-lived populations of memory T cells residing in peripheral tissues is of considerable interest for T cell-based vaccines, as they can execute immediate effector functions and thus provide protection in case of pathogen encounter at mucosal and barrier sites. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccines support the induction and accumulation of a large population of effector memory CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues, in a process called memory inflation. Tissue-resident memory (TRM ) T cells, induced by various infections and vaccination regimens, constitute another subset of memory cells that take long-term residence in peripheral tissues. Both memory T cell subsets have evoked substantial interest in exploitation for vaccine purposes. However, a direct comparison between these two peripheral tissue-localizing memory T cell subsets with respect to their short- and long-term ability to provide protection against heterologous challenge is pending. Here, we discuss communalities and differences between TRM and inflationary CD8 T cells with respect to their development, maintenance, function, and protective capacity. In addition, we discuss differences and similarities between the transcriptional profiles of TRM and inflationary T cells, supporting the notion that they are distinct memory T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne P M Welten
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas S Baumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Klement JD, Paschall AV, Redd PS, Ibrahim ML, Lu C, Yang D, Celis E, Abrams SI, Ozato K, Liu K. An osteopontin/CD44 immune checkpoint controls CD8+ T cell activation and tumor immune evasion. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5549-5560. [PMID: 30395540 DOI: 10.1172/jci123360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite breakthroughs in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy, not all human cancers respond to ICI immunotherapy and a large fraction of patients with the responsive types of cancers do not respond to current ICI immunotherapy. This clinical conundrum suggests that additional immune checkpoints exist. We report here that interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) deficiency led to impairment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation and allograft tumor tolerance. However, analysis of chimera mice with competitive reconstitution of WT and IRF8-KO bone marrow cells as well as mice with IRF8 deficiency only in T cells indicated that IRF8 plays no intrinsic role in CTL activation. Instead, IRF8 functioned as a repressor of osteopontin (OPN), the physiological ligand for CD44 on T cells, in CD11b+Ly6CloLy6G+ myeloid cells and OPN acted as a potent T cell suppressor. IRF8 bound to the Spp1 promoter to repress OPN expression in colon epithelial cells, and colon carcinoma exhibited decreased IRF8 and increased OPN expression. The elevated expression of OPN in human colon carcinoma was correlated with decreased patient survival. Our data indicate that myeloid and tumor cell-expressed OPN acts as an immune checkpoint to suppress T cell activation and confer host tumor immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Esteban Celis
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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35
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Adams NM, Lau CM, Fan X, Rapp M, Geary CD, Weizman OE, Diaz-Salazar C, Sun JC. Transcription Factor IRF8 Orchestrates the Adaptive Natural Killer Cell Response. Immunity 2018; 48:1172-1182.e6. [PMID: 29858012 PMCID: PMC6233715 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that display features of adaptive immunity during viral infection. Biallelic mutations in IRF8 have been reported to cause familial NK cell deficiency and susceptibility to severe viral infection in humans; however, the precise role of this transcription factor in regulating NK cell function remains unknown. Here, we show that cell-intrinsic IRF8 was required for NK-cell-mediated protection against mouse cytomegalovirus infection. During viral exposure, NK cells upregulated IRF8 through interleukin-12 (IL-12) signaling and the transcription factor STAT4, which promoted epigenetic remodeling of the Irf8 locus. Moreover, IRF8 facilitated the proliferative burst of virus-specific NK cells by promoting expression of cell-cycle genes and directly controlling Zbtb32, a master regulator of virus-driven NK cell proliferation. These findings identify the function and cell-type-specific regulation of IRF8 in NK-cell-mediated antiviral immunity and provide a mechanistic understanding of viral susceptibility in patients with IRF8 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Adams
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiying Fan
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moritz Rapp
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clair D Geary
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Orr-El Weizman
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carlos Diaz-Salazar
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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36
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Bigley V, Maisuria S, Cytlak U, Jardine L, Care MA, Green K, Gunawan M, Milne P, Dickinson R, Wiscombe S, Parry D, Doffinger R, Laurence A, Fonseca C, Stoevesandt O, Gennery A, Cant A, Tooze R, Simpson AJ, Hambleton S, Savic S, Doody G, Collin M. Biallelic interferon regulatory factor 8 mutation: A complex immunodeficiency syndrome with dendritic cell deficiency, monocytopenia, and immune dysregulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:2234-2248. [PMID: 29128673 PMCID: PMC5986711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homozygous K108E mutation of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is reported to cause dendritic cell (DC) and monocyte deficiency. However, more widespread immune dysfunction is predicted from the multiple roles ascribed to IRF8 in immune cell development and function. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe the effect on hematopoiesis and immunity of the compound heterozygous R83C/R291Q mutation of IRF8, which is present in a patient with recurrent viral infection, granuloproliferation, and intracerebral calcification. METHODS Variant IRF8 alleles were identified by means of exome sequencing, and their function was tested by using reporter assays. The cellular phenotype was studied in detail by using flow cytometry, functional immunologic assay transcriptional profiling, and antigen receptor profiling. RESULTS Both mutations affected conserved residues, and R291Q is orthologous to R294, which is mutated in the BXH2 IRF8-deficient mouse. R83C showed reduced nuclear translocation, and neither mutant was able to regulate the Ets/IRF composite element or interferon-stimulated response element, whereas R291Q retained BATF/JUN interactions. DC deficiency and monocytopenia were observed in blood, dermis, and lung lavage fluid. Granulocytes were consistently increased, dysplastic, and hypofunctional. Natural killer cell development and maturation were arrested. TH1, TH17, and CD8+ memory T-cell differentiation was significantly reduced, and T cells did not express CXCR3. B-cell development was impaired, with fewer memory cells, reduced class-switching, and lower frequency and complexity of somatic hypermutation. Cell-specific gene expression was widely disturbed in interferon- and IRF8-regulated transcripts. CONCLUSIONS This analysis defines the clinical features of human biallelic IRF8 deficiency, revealing a complex immunodeficiency syndrome caused by DC and monocyte deficiency combined with widespread immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Bigley
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Sheetal Maisuria
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Urszula Cytlak
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Jardine
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Care
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kile Green
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Merry Gunawan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Milne
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Dickinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Wiscombe
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Parry
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arian Laurence
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Fonseca
- Cambridge Protein Arrays, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oda Stoevesandt
- Cambridge Protein Arrays, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gennery
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Cant
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben Tooze
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sinisa Savic
- National Institute for Health Research-Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit and Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gina Doody
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Collin
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Ma X, Bi E, Huang C, Lu Y, Xue G, Guo X, Wang A, Yang M, Qian J, Dong C, Yi Q. Cholesterol negatively regulates IL-9-producing CD8 + T cell differentiation and antitumor activity. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1555-1569. [PMID: 29743292 PMCID: PMC5987919 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells can be polarized into IL-9-secreting (Tc9) cells. We previously showed that adoptive therapy using tumor-specific Tc9 cells generated stronger antitumor responses in mouse melanoma than classical Tc1 cells. To understand why Tc9 cells exert stronger antitumor responses, we used gene profiling to compare Tc9 and Tc1 cells. Tc9 cells expressed different levels of cholesterol synthesis and efflux genes and possessed significantly lower cholesterol content than Tc1 cells. Unique to Tc9, but not other CD8+ or CD4+ T cell subsets, manipulating cholesterol content in polarizing Tc9 cells significantly affected IL-9 expression and Tc9 differentiation and antitumor response in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that IL-9 was indispensable for Tc9 cell persistence and antitumor effects, and cholesterol or its derivatives inhibited IL-9 expression by activating liver X receptors (LXRs), leading to LXR Sumoylation and reduced p65 binding to Il9 promoter. Our study identifies cholesterol as a critical regulator of Tc9 cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhe Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Enguang Bi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Chunjian Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Aibo Wang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Maojie Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jianfei Qian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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38
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IRF8-dependent molecular complexes control the Th9 transcriptional program. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2085. [PMID: 29233972 PMCID: PMC5727025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) have critical functions in lymphoid development and in immune response regulation. Although many studies have described the function of IRF4 in CD4+ T cells, few have focused on the IRF4 homologue, IRF8. Here, we show that IRF8 is required for Th9 differentiation in vitro and in vivo. IRF8 functions through a transcription factor complex consisting of IRF8, IRF4, PU.1 and BATF, which binds to DNA and boosts Il9 transcription. By contrast, IRF8 deficiency promotes the expression of other genes such as Il4, as IRF8 dimerises with the transcriptional repressor ETV6 and inhibits Il4 expression. In vivo, IRF8 is essential for the anti-tumour effects of Th9 cells in mouse melanoma models. Our results show that IRF8 complexes boost the Th9 program and repress Il4 expression to modulate Th9 cell differentiation, thereby implicating IRF8 as a potential therapeutic target to affect Th9 responses in cancer therapy. Interferon regulatory factors IRF regulate lymphoid development, but the specific function of IRF8 in helper T-cell polarization is unclear. Here the authors show that IRF8 forms a complex with IRF4, PU.1 and BATF to modulate the Th9 transcription program and expression of IL-4 and IL-9.
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Abstract
Purpose of review Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells which link innate and adaptive immunity, through recognition and presentation of antigen to T cells. Although the importance of dendritic cells has been demonstrated in many animal models, their contribution to human immunity remains relatively unexplored in vivo. Given their central role in infection, autoimmunity, and malignancy, dendritic cell deficiency or dysfunction would be expected to have clinical consequences. Recent findings Human dendritic cell deficiency disorders, related to GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) and interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) mutations, have highlighted the importance of dendritic cells and monocytes in primary immunodeficiency diseases and begun to shed light on their nonredundant roles in host defense and immune regulation in vivo. The contribution of dendritic cell and monocyte dysfunction to the pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiency disease phenotypes is becoming increasingly apparent. However, dendritic cell analysis is not yet a routine part of primary immunodeficiency disease workup. Summary Widespread uptake of dendritic cell/monocyte screening in clinical practice will facilitate the discovery of novel dendritic cell and monocyte disorders as well as advancing our understanding of human dendritic cell biology in health and disease.
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40
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Zanon V, Pilipow K, Scamardella E, De Paoli F, De Simone G, Price DA, Martinez Usatorre A, Romero P, Mavilio D, Roberto A, Lugli E. Curtailed T-cell activation curbs effector differentiation and generates CD8 + T cells with a naturally-occurring memory stem cell phenotype. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1468-1476. [PMID: 28671275 PMCID: PMC5601228 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human T memory stem (TSCM) cells with superior persistence capacity and effector functions are emerging as important players in the maintenance of long‐lived T‐cell memory and are thus considered an attractive population to be used in adoptive transfer‐based immunotherapy of cancer. However, the molecular signals regulating their generation remain poorly defined. Here we show that curtailed T‐cell receptor stimulation curbs human effector CD8+ T‐cell differentiation and allows the generation of CD45RO–CD45RA+CCR7+CD27+CD95+ ‐phenotype cells from highly purified naïve T‐cell precursors, resembling naturally‐occurring human TSCM. These cells proliferate extensively in vitro and in vivo, express low amounts of effector‐associated genes and transcription factors and undergo considerable self‐renewal in response to IL‐15 while retaining effector differentiation potential. Such a phenotype is associated with a lower number of mitochondria compared to highly‐activated effector T cells committed to terminal differentiation. These results shed light on the molecular signals that are required to generate long‐lived memory T cells with potential application in adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zanon
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karolina Pilipow
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eloise Scamardella
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Paoli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - David A Price
- Institution of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Amaia Martinez Usatorre
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Translational Tumor Immunology Group, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy, Milan
| | - Alessandra Roberto
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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41
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Mace EM, Bigley V, Gunesch JT, Chinn IK, Angelo LS, Care MA, Maisuria S, Keller MD, Togi S, Watkin LB, LaRosa DF, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Stray-Pedersen A, Coban Akdemir Z, Smith JB, Hernández-Sanabria M, Le DT, Hogg GD, Cao TN, Freud AG, Szymanski EP, Savic S, Collin M, Cant AJ, Gibbs RA, Holland SM, Caligiuri MA, Ozato K, Paust S, Doody GM, Lupski JR, Orange JS. Biallelic mutations in IRF8 impair human NK cell maturation and function. J Clin Invest 2016; 127:306-320. [PMID: 27893462 DOI: 10.1172/jci86276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NK cell deficiencies are rare yet result in severe and often fatal disease, particularly as a result of viral susceptibility. NK cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells, and few monogenic errors that specifically interrupt NK cell development have been reported. Here we have described biallelic mutations in IRF8, which encodes an interferon regulatory factor, as a cause of familial NK cell deficiency that results in fatal and severe viral disease. Compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations in IRF8 in 3 unrelated families resulted in a paucity of mature CD56dim NK cells and an increase in the frequency of the immature CD56bright NK cells, and this impairment in terminal maturation was also observed in Irf8-/-, but not Irf8+/-, mice. We then determined that impaired maturation was NK cell intrinsic, and gene expression analysis of human NK cell developmental subsets showed that multiple genes were dysregulated by IRF8 mutation. The phenotype was accompanied by deficient NK cell function and was stable over time. Together, these data indicate that human NK cells require IRF8 for development and functional maturation and that dysregulation of this function results in severe human disease, thereby emphasizing a critical role for NK cells in human antiviral defense.
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42
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Brinza L, Djebali S, Tomkowiak M, Mafille J, Loiseau C, Jouve PE, de Bernard S, Buffat L, Lina B, Ottmann M, Rosa-Calatrava M, Schicklin S, Bonnefoy N, Lauvau G, Grau M, Wencker M, Arpin C, Walzer T, Leverrier Y, Marvel J. Immune signatures of protective spleen memory CD8 T cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37651. [PMID: 27883012 PMCID: PMC5121635 DOI: 10.1038/srep37651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8 T lymphocyte populations are remarkably heterogeneous and differ in their ability to protect the host. In order to identify the whole range of qualities uniquely associated with protective memory cells we compared the gene expression signatures of two qualities of memory CD8 T cells sharing the same antigenic-specificity: protective (Influenza-induced, Flu-TM) and non-protective (peptide-induced, TIM) spleen memory CD8 T cells. Although Flu-TM and TIM express classical phenotypic memory markers and are polyfunctional, only Flu-TM protects against a lethal viral challenge. Protective memory CD8 T cells express a unique set of genes involved in migration and survival that correlate with their unique capacity to rapidly migrate within the infected lung parenchyma in response to influenza infection. We also enlighten a new set of poised genes expressed by protective cells that is strongly enriched in cytokines and chemokines such as Ccl1, Ccl9 and Gm-csf. CCL1 and GM-CSF genes are also poised in human memory CD8 T cells. These immune signatures are also induced by two other pathogens (vaccinia virus and Listeria monocytogenes). The immune signatures associated with immune protection were identified on circulating cells, i.e. those that are easily accessible for immuno-monitoring and could help predict vaccines efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Brinza
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Martine Tomkowiak
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Julien Mafille
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Céline Loiseau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Lina
- Laboratoire Virpath EA4610, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, CNR des virus influenza, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michèle Ottmann
- Laboratoire Virpath EA4610, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Laboratoire Virpath EA4610, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Schicklin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier; INSERM, U896; Université Montpellier 1; CRLC Val d'Aurelle Paul Lamarque, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégoire Lauvau
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Morgan Grau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Christophe Arpin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Yann Leverrier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, LYON, France
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Sun L, St. Leger AJ, Yu CR, He C, Mahdi RM, Chan CC, Wang H, Morse HC, Egwuagu CE. Interferon Regulator Factor 8 (IRF8) Limits Ocular Pathology during HSV-1 Infection by Restraining the Activation and Expansion of CD8+ T Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155420. [PMID: 27171004 PMCID: PMC4865128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor-8 (IRF8) is constitutively expressed in monocytes and B cell lineages and plays important roles in immunity to pathogens and cancer. Although IRF8 expression is induced in activated T cells, the functional relevance of IRF8 in T cell-mediated immunity is not well understood. In this study, we used mice with targeted deletion of Irf8 in T-cells (IRF8KO) to investigate the role of IRF8 in T cell-mediated responses during herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection of the eye. In contrast to wild type mice, HSV-1-infected IRF8KO mice mounted a more robust anti-HSV-1 immune response, which included marked expansion of HSV-1-specific CD8+ T cells, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG) and enhanced elimination of virus within the trigeminal ganglion. However, the consequence of the enhanced immunological response was the development of ocular inflammation, limbitis, and neutrophilic infiltration into the cornea of HSV-1-infected IRF8KO mice. Surprisingly, we observed a marked increase in virus-specific memory precursor effector cells (MPEC) in IRF8KO mice, suggesting that IRF8 might play a role in regulating the differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells to the memory phenotype. Together, our data suggest that IRF8 might play a role in restraining excess lymphocyte proliferation. Thus, modulating IRF8 levels in T cells can be exploited therapeutically to prevent immune-mediated ocular pathology during autoimmune and infectious diseases of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- Immunoregulation Section, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Rong Yu
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chang He
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rashid M. Mahdi
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Immunopathology Section, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Herbert C. Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Egwuagu
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Newman DM, Leung PS, Putoczki TL, Nutt SL, Cretney E. Th17 cell differentiation proceeds independently of IRF8. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:796-801. [PMID: 27140932 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor/activator interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) modulates the differentiation of a multitude of hematopoietic lineages. However, the role of IRF8 in CD4(+) T-cell development is less well defined, with a recent study implicating IRF8 as an intrinsic repressor of interleukin-17 (IL-17) expressing T helper type 17 (Th17) cell differentiation. Using an IRF8-EGFP reporter strain we have confirmed that IRF8 is expressed in all T helper lineages, including Th17 cells. The loss of IRF8 did not affect Th17 differentiation in vitro, beyond a small increase in IL-22 expression. Moreover, IRF8 deficiency did not enhance the Th17 immune response in experimental T-cell transfer colitis. Together, these results suggest that IRF8 does not play an essential intrinsic role in Th17 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane M Newman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Sk Leung
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erika Cretney
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Interferon regulatory factor 8 and the regulation of neutrophil, monocyte, and dendritic cell production. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 23:11-7. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Kim SH, Burton J, Yu CR, Sun L, He C, Wang H, Morse HC, Egwuagu CE. Dual Function of the IRF8 Transcription Factor in Autoimmune Uveitis: Loss of IRF8 in T Cells Exacerbates Uveitis, Whereas Irf8 Deletion in the Retina Confers Protection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:1480-8. [PMID: 26163590 PMCID: PMC4530071 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is constitutively expressed in monocytes and B cells and plays a critical role in the functional maturation of microglia cells. It is induced in T cells following Ag stimulation, but its functions are less well understood. However, recent studies in mice with T cell-specific Irf8 disruption under direction of the Lck promoter (LCK-IRF8KO) suggest that IRF8 directs a silencing program for Th17 differentiation, and IL-17 production is markedly increased in IRF8-deficient T cells. Paradoxically, loss of IRF8 in T cells has no effect on the development or severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), although exacerbating colitis in a mouse colitis model. In contrast, mice with a macrophage/microglia-specific Irf8 disruption are resistant to EAE, further confounding our understanding of the roles of IRF8 in host immunity and autoimmunity. To clarify the role of IRF8 in autoimmune diseases, we have generated two mouse strains with targeted deletion of Irf8 in retinal cells, including microglial cells and a third mouse strain with targeted Irf8 deletion in T cells under direction of the nonpromiscuous, CD4 promoter (CD4-IRF8KO). In contrast to the report that IRF8 deletion in T cells has no effect on EAE, experimental autoimmune uveitis is exacerbated in CD4-IRF8KO mice and disease enhancement correlates with significant expansion of Th17 cells and a reduction in T regulatory cells. In contrast to CD4-IRF8KO mice, Irf8 deletion in retinal cells confers protection from uveitis, underscoring divergent and tissue-specific roles of IRF8 in host immunity. These results raise a cautionary note in the context of therapeutic targeting of IRF8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hye Kim
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Jenna Burton
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Cheng-Rong Yu
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Lin Sun
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Chang He
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Charles E Egwuagu
- Molecular Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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Lee W, Kim HS, Baek SY, Lee GR. Transcription factor IRF8 controls Th1-like regulatory T-cell function. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:785-794. [PMID: 26166768 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that regulatory T (Treg) cells comprise a heterogeneous population that regulates various aspects of the immune response, and that Treg cells use the factors that are expressed in their target cells to regulate them. We searched for factors that regulate Th1 response in Treg cells using a meta-analysis. In the process, we discovered that transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) was selectively expressed in Treg and Th1 cells. IRF8-deficient Treg cells showed defective expression of CXCR3 and aberrant expression of the Il4 and Il17 genes. Upon treatment with alpha galactosyl-C18-ceramide (αGal-C18-Cer), IRF8-deficient mice showed defective Treg cell recruitment in the liver. Eliciting Th1 immune response by anti-CD40 antibody injection in mice induced IRF8 expression in Treg cells. The expression of IRF8 was induced by Foxp3 in Treg cells. IRF8 had no effect on T-bet expression in Treg and vice versa. Thus, our results strongly suggest that IRF8 controls Th1 immune response in Treg cells independent of T-bet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyong Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Song Yi Baek
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
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Metz PJ, Arsenio J, Kakaradov B, Kim SH, Remedios KA, Oakley K, Akimoto K, Ohno S, Yeo GW, Chang JT. Regulation of asymmetric division and CD8+ T lymphocyte fate specification by protein kinase Cζ and protein kinase Cλ/ι. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2249-59. [PMID: 25617472 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During an immune response against a microbial pathogen, activated naive T lymphocytes give rise to effector cells that provide acute host defense and memory cells that provide long-lived immunity. It has been shown that T lymphocytes can undergo asymmetric division, enabling the daughter cells to inherit unequal amounts of fate-determining proteins and thereby acquire distinct fates from their inception. In this study, we show that the absence of the atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, PKCζ and PKCλ/ι, disrupts asymmetric CD8(+) T lymphocyte division. These alterations were associated with aberrant acquisition of a pre-effector transcriptional program, detected by single-cell gene expression analyses, in lymphocytes that had undergone their first division in vivo and enhanced differentiation toward effector fates at the expense of memory fates. Together, these results demonstrate a role for atypical PKC in regulating asymmetric division and the specification of divergent CD8(+) T lymphocyte fates early during an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Metz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Janilyn Arsenio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Boyko Kakaradov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell and Bioinformatics Programs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Stephanie H Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kelly A Remedios
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Katherine Oakley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kazunori Akimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohno
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture 236-0027, Japan
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell and Bioinformatics Programs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; and Molecular Engineering Laboratory and Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138632
| | - John T Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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49
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Tsuji G, Okiyama N, Villarroel VA, Katz SI. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition impairs effector CD8 T-cell functions during skin inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1228-39. [PMID: 25458911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broad-spectrum histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are useful in the treatment of allergic and autoimmune diseases and malignancy. However, use of more specific HDAC inhibitors might limit the toxicities caused by HDAC inhibition. HDAC6, a member of the HDAC family, is highly expressed on CD8 T cells and has been shown to regulate immune responses through interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. However, the mechanism by which HDAC6 inhibition affects the activation and functions of CD8 T cells is unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the role or roles of HDAC6 in CD8 T-cell activation and functions during skin inflammation in vitro and in vivo and examined the mechanism by which HDAC6 inhibition modifies T-cell receptor signaling in vitro. METHODS We assessed the clinical and biological effects of ACY-1215, an HDAC6-specific inhibitor, by using murine CD8 T cell-related skin disease models, including contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and experimental graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-like disease. RESULTS ACY-1215, an HDAC6 inhibitor, prevented the development of CHS and GVHD-like disease in vivo by modulating CD8 T-cell activation and functions; abrogated the induction of effector T cells from naive CD8 T cells by means of anti-CD3/CD28 antibody- or antigen-specific stimulation in vitro; and enhanced the binding of acetylated heat shock protein 90 to lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase in vitro, disrupting lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and leading to impairment of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. CONCLUSION HDAC6, a key modifier of T-cell receptor signaling, might represent a novel target for the treatment of CD8 T cell-related skin diseases, including CHS and GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Tsuji
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Naoko Okiyama
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Vadim A Villarroel
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Stephen I Katz
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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50
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Russ BE, Olshanksy M, Smallwood HS, Li J, Denton AE, Prier JE, Stock AT, Croom HA, Cullen JG, Nguyen MLT, Rowe S, Olson MR, Finkelstein DB, Kelso A, Thomas PG, Speed TP, Rao S, Turner SJ. Distinct epigenetic signatures delineate transcriptional programs during virus-specific CD8(+) T cell differentiation. Immunity 2014; 41:853-65. [PMID: 25517617 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate the rapid transcriptional changes that occur during cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) proliferation and differentiation in response to infection are poorly understood. We have utilized ChIP-seq to assess histone H3 methylation dynamics within naive, effector, and memory virus-specific T cells isolated directly ex vivo after influenza A virus infection. Our results show that within naive T cells, codeposition of the permissive H3K4me3 and repressive H3K27me3 modifications is a signature of gene loci associated with gene transcription, replication, and cellular differentiation. Upon differentiation into effector and/or memory CTLs, the majority of these gene loci lose repressive H3K27me3 while retaining the permissive H3K4me3 modification. In contrast, immune-related effector gene promoters within naive T cells lacked the permissive H3K4me3 modification, with acquisition of this modification occurring upon differentiation into effector/memory CTLs. Thus, coordinate transcriptional regulation of CTL genes with related functions is achieved via distinct epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan E Russ
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Moshe Olshanksy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jasmine Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alice E Denton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julia E Prier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Angus T Stock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hayley A Croom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jolie G Cullen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle L T Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David B Finkelstein
- Hartwell Centre for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anne Kelso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Doherty Institute at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Terry P Speed
- Department of Bioinformatics, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Canberra University, Canberra, ACT 2000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute at The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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