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Silva-Cunha M, Lacchini R, Tanus-Santos JE. Facilitating Nitrite-Derived S-Nitrosothiol Formation in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in the Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 38929130 PMCID: PMC11200996 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are often associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, a critical pathophysiological alteration in CVDs and an important target for therapeutic interventions. Recent studies have revealed the potential of inorganic nitrite and nitrate as sources of NO, offering promising alternatives for managing various cardiovascular conditions. It is now becoming clear that taking advantage of enzymatic pathways involved in nitrite reduction to NO is very relevant in new therapeutics. However, recent studies have shown that nitrite may be bioactivated in the acidic gastric environment, where nitrite generates NO and a variety of S-nitrosating compounds that result in increased circulating S-nitrosothiol concentrations and S-nitrosation of tissue pharmacological targets. Moreover, transnitrosation reactions may further nitrosate other targets, resulting in improved cardiovascular function in patients with CVDs. In this review, we comprehensively address the mechanisms and relevant effects of nitrate and nitrite-stimulated gastric S-nitrosothiol formation that may promote S-nitrosation of pharmacological targets in various CVDs. Recently identified interfering factors that may inhibit these mechanisms and prevent the beneficial responses to nitrate and nitrite therapy were also taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Silva-Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, Brazil;
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
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Rowland SN, O'Donnell E, James LJ, Da Boit M, Fujii N, Arnold JT, Lloyd AB, Eglin CM, Shepherd AI, Bailey SJ. Nitrate ingestion blunts the increase in blood pressure during cool air exposure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1364-1375. [PMID: 38572540 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00593.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure increases blood pressure (BP) and salivary flow rate (SFR). Increased cold-induced SFR would be hypothesized to enhance oral nitrate delivery for reduction to nitrite by oral anaerobes and to subsequently elevate plasma [nitrite] and nitric oxide bioavailability. We tested the hypothesis that dietary nitrate supplementation would increase plasma [nitrite] and lower BP to a greater extent in cool compared with normothermic conditions. Twelve males attended the laboratory on four occasions. Baseline measurements were completed at 28°C. Subsequently, participants ingested 140 mL of concentrated nitrate-rich (BR; ∼13 mmol nitrate) or nitrate-depleted (PL) beetroot juice. Measurements were repeated over 3 h at either 28°C (Norm) or 20°C (Cool). Mean skin temperature was lowered compared with baseline in PL-Cool and BR-Cool. SFR was greater in BR-Norm, PL-Cool, and BR-Cool than PL-Norm. Plasma [nitrite] at 3 h was higher in BR-Cool (592 ± 239 nM) versus BR-Norm (410 ± 195 nM). Systolic BP (SBP) at 3 h was not different between PL-Norm (117 ± 6 mmHg) and BR-Norm (113 ± 9 mmHg). SBP increased above baseline at 1, 2, and 3 h in PL-Cool but not BR-Cool. These results suggest that BR consumption is more effective at increasing plasma [nitrite] in cool compared with normothermic conditions and blunts the rise in BP following acute cool air exposure, which might have implications for attenuating the increased cardiovascular strain in the cold.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Compared with normothermic conditions, acute nitrate ingestion increased plasma [nitrite], a substrate for oxygen-independent nitric oxide generation, to a greater extent during cool air exposure. Systolic blood pressure was increased during cool air exposure in the placebo condition with this cool-induced blood pressure increase attenuated after acute nitrate ingestion. These findings improve our understanding of environmental factors that influence nitrate metabolism and the efficacy of nitrate supplementation to lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Emma O'Donnell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Health and Life Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Josh T Arnold
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alex B Lloyd
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Clare M Eglin
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony I Shepherd
- Clinical Health and Rehabilitation Team, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Rowland SN, James LJ, O'Donnell E, Bailey SJ. Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation timing on nitrate metabolism, central and peripheral blood pressure and exercise tolerance in young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1381-1396. [PMID: 38040982 PMCID: PMC11055761 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation can lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and improve exercise performance. Salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH are key determinants of oral NO3- reduction and purported to peak in the afternoon. We tested the hypotheses that NO3--rich beetroot juice (BR) would increase plasma [nitrite] ([NO2-]), lower SBP and improve exercise performance to a greater extent in the afternoon (AFT) compared to the morning (MORN) and evening (EVE). METHOD Twelve males completed six experimental visits in a repeated-measures, crossover design. NO3--depleted beetroot juice (PL) or BR (~ 13 mmol NO3-) were ingested in the MORN, AFT and EVE. SFR and pH, salivary and plasma [NO3-] and [NO2-], brachial SBP and central SBP were measured pre and post supplementation. A severe-intensity exercise tolerance test was completed to determine cycling time to exhaustion (TTE). RESULTS There were no between-condition differences in mean SFR or salivary pH. The elevation in plasma [NO2-] after BR ingestion was not different between BR-MORN, BR-AFT and BR-EVE. Brachial SBP was unchanged following BR supplementation in all conditions. Central SBP was reduced in BR-MORN (- 3 ± 4 mmHg), BR-AFT (- 4 ± 3 mmHg), and BR-EVE (- 2 ± 3 mmHg), with no differences between timepoints. TTE was not different between BR and PL at any timepoint. CONCLUSION Acute BR supplementation was ineffective at improving TTE and brachial SBP and similarly effective at increasing plasma [NO2-] and lowering central SBP across the day, which may have implications for informing NO3- supplementation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Emma O'Donnell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Liu H, Huang Y, Huang M, Wang M, Ming Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Tang Z, Jia B. From nitrate to NO: potential effects of nitrate-reducing bacteria on systemic health and disease. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:425. [PMID: 37821966 PMCID: PMC10566198 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research has described improving multisystem disease and organ function through dietary nitrate (DN) supplementation. They have provided some evidence that these floras with nitrate (NO3-) reductase are mediators of the underlying mechanism. Symbiotic bacteria with nitrate reductase activity (NRA) are found in the human digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract (GT). Nitrate in food can be converted to nitrite under the tongue or in the stomach by these symbiotic bacteria. Then, nitrite is transformed to nitric oxide (NO) by non-enzymatic synthesis. NO is currently recognized as a potent bioactive agent with biological activities, such as vasodilation, regulation of cardiomyocyte function, neurotransmission, suppression of platelet agglutination, and prevention of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. NO also can be produced through the conventional L-arginine-NO synthase (L-NOS) pathway, whereas endogenous NO production by L-arginine is inhibited under hypoxia-ischemia or disease conditions. In contrast, exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO activity is enhanced and becomes a practical supplemental pathway for NO in the body, playing an essential role in various physiological activities. Moreover, many diseases (such as metabolic or geriatric diseases) are primarily associated with disorders of endogenous NO synthesis, and NO generation from the exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO route can partially alleviate the disease progression. The imbalance of NO in the body may be one of the potential mechanisms of disease development. Therefore, the impact of these floras with nitrate reductase on host systemic health through exogenous NO3-/NO2-/NO pathway production of NO or direct regulation of floras ecological balance is essential (e.g., regulation of body homeostasis, amelioration of diseases, etc.). This review summarizes the bacteria with nitrate reductase in humans, emphasizing the relationship between the metabolic processes of this microflora and host systemic health and disease. The potential effects of nitrate reduction bacteria on human health and disease were also highlighted in disease models from different human systems, including digestive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, respiratory, and urinary systems, providing innovative ideas for future disease diagnosis and treatment based on nitrate reduction bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu KH, Liu M, Lin Z, Wang ZF, Chen B, Liu C, Guo A, Konishi M, Yanagisawa S, Wagner G, Sheen J. NIN-like protein 7 transcription factor is a plant nitrate sensor. Science 2022; 377:1419-1425. [PMID: 36137053 DOI: 10.1126/science.add1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate is an essential nutrient and signaling molecule for plant growth. Plants sense intracellular nitrate to adjust their metabolic and growth responses. Here we identify the primary nitrate sensor in plants. We found that mutation of all seven Arabidopsis NIN-like protein (NLP) transcription factors abolished plants' primary nitrate responses and developmental programs. Analyses of NIN-NLP7 chimeras and nitrate binding revealed that NLP7 is derepressed upon nitrate perception via its amino terminus. A genetically encoded fluorescent split biosensor, mCitrine-NLP7, enabled visualization of single-cell nitrate dynamics in planta. The nitrate sensor domain of NLP7 resembles the bacterial nitrate sensor NreA. Substitutions of conserved residues in the ligand-binding pocket impaired the ability of nitrate-triggered NLP7 to control transcription, transport, metabolism, development, and biomass. We propose that NLP7 represents a nitrate sensor in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hsiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Menghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziwei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Binqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Aping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mineko Konishi
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Gerhard Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Centre for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Liddle L, Monaghan C, Burleigh MC, Baczynska KA, Muggeridge DJ, Easton C. Reduced nitric oxide synthesis in winter: A potential contributing factor to increased cardiovascular risk. Nitric Oxide 2022; 127:1-9. [PMID: 35792235 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide is a key signalling molecule that elicits a range of biological functions to maintain vascular homeostasis. A reduced availability of nitric oxide is implicated in the progression of cardiovascular diseases and increases the risk of pathogenic events. AIMS To compare the concentration of nitric oxide metabolites in healthy adults between winter and summer months. DESIGN An observational study of healthy adults (age 32 ± 9 years) living in central Scotland. METHODS Thirty-four healthy adults (13 females) were monitored for 7 days in summer and winter to record sunlight exposure (ultraviolet-A (UV-A) radiation), diet, and physical activity. At the end of each phase, blood pressure was measured, and samples of blood and saliva collected. The samples were analysed to determine the concentrations of plasma and salivary nitrate and nitrite and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). RESULTS The participants maintained similar diets in each measurement phase but were exposed to more UV-A radiation (550%) and undertook more moderate-vigorous physical activity (23%) in the summer than in winter. Plasma nitrite (46%) and serum 25(OH)D (59%) were higher and blood pressure was lower in the summer compared to winter months. Plasma nitrite concentration was negatively associated with systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Plasma nitrite, an established marker of nitric oxide synthesis, is higher in healthy adults during the summer than in winter. This may be mediated by a greater exposure to UV-A which stimulates the release of nitric oxide metabolites from skin stores. While it is possible that seasonal variation in nitric oxide availability may contribute to an increased blood pressure in the winter months, the overall impact on cardiovascular health remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Liddle
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK; School of Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christopher Monaghan
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Mia C Burleigh
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Baczynska
- Laser and Optical Radiation Dosimetry Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Chilton, UK
| | | | - Chris Easton
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK.
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Effects of Induction Culture on Osteogenesis of Scaffold-Free Engineered Tissue for Bone Regeneration Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:417-429. [PMID: 35122585 PMCID: PMC8971264 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of the bone defects caused by infection or disease remains a challenge in orthopedic surgery. In recent studies, scaffold-free engineered tissue with a self-secreted extracellular matrix has been proposed as an alternative strategy for tissue regeneration and reconstruction. Our study aimed to engineer and fabricate self-assembled osteogenic and scaffold-free tissue for bone regeneration. METHODS Osteogenic scaffold-free tissue was engineered and fabricated using fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells, which are capable of osteogenic differentiation. They were cultured in osteogenic induction environments or using demineralized bone powder for differentiation. The fabricated tissue was subjected to real-time qPCR, biochemical, and histological analyses to estimate the degree of in vitro osteogenic differentiation. To demonstrate bone formation in an in vivo environment, scaffold-free tissue was transplanted into the dorsal subcutaneous site of nude mice. Bone development was monitored postoperatively over 8 weeks by the observation of calcium deposition in the matrix. RESULTS In the in vitro experiments, engineered osteogenically induced scaffold-free tissue demonstrated three-dimensional morphological characteristics, and sufficient osteogenic differentiation was confirmed through the quantification of specific osteogenic gene markers expressed and calcium accumulation within the matrix. Following the evaluation of differentiation efficacy, in vivo experiments revealed distinct bone formation, and that blood vessels had penetrated the fabricated tissue. CONCLUSION The novel engineering of scaffold-free tissue with osteogenic potential can be used as an optimal bone graft substitute for bone regeneration.
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Moreira LDSG, Fanton S, Cardozo L, Borges NA, Combet E, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. Pink pressure: beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) as a possible novel medical therapy for chronic kidney disease. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1041-1061. [PMID: 34613396 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifests with systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis, resulting in metabolic disorders and elevated rates of cardiovascular disease-associated death. These all correlate with a high economic cost to healthcare systems. Growing evidence indicates that diet is an indispensable ally in the prevention and management of CKD and its complications. In this context, the root vegetable beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) deserves special attention because it is a source of several bioactive compounds, such as nitrate, betaine, and betalain, and has shown beneficial effects in CKD, including reduction of blood pressure, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant actions by scavenging radical oxidative species, as observed in preclinical studies. Beetroot consumption as a possible therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical treatment of patients with CKD and future directions for clinical studies are addressed in this narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís de Souza Gouveia Moreira
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susane Fanton
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludmila Cardozo
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia A Borges
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilie Combet
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- L.d.S.G. Moreira and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janiero, Brazil. S. Fanton, L. Cardozo, and D. Mafra are with the Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. N.A. Borges is with the Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E. Combet is with the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P.G. Shiels is with the Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom. P. Stenvinkel is with the Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yao L, Fu H, Bai L, Deng W, Xie F, Li Y, Zhang R, Xu X, Wang T, Lai S, Wang J. Saliva nitrite is higher in male children with autism spectrum disorder and positively correlated with serum nitrate. Redox Rep 2021; 26:124-133. [PMID: 34323675 PMCID: PMC8330712 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1959133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in neurological development. As an easily accessible and non-invasive fluid, saliva hasn't been evaluated for nitrite among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to quantify saliva nitrite and explore its relation with serum NO. Methods Saliva sampling and pretreatment methods were optimized, followed by NO measurement via chemiluminescence for 126 ASD children and 129 normally developing children (ND). Results In the ASD group, saliva nitrite was significantly higher than that in the ND, with concentrations of 4.97 ± 3.77 μM and 2.66 ± 2.07 μM (p < 0.0001), respectively. Positive correlation was observed between saliva NO2− and serum NO3− in ASD children, which didn't exist in the ND group. Male children in the ASD group had significantly higher NO than that in boys of the ND group, without significant difference between girls in both groups. Correlation was not found between saliva or serum NO and severity of these ASD children. Discussion It is reported for the first time that saliva nitrite was positively correlated with serum nitrate in ASD children, with significantly higher NO only in autistic boys. Non-invasive saliva might serve as a predictor of health status of ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yao
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Fu
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Bai
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Child Health Care, Huangshi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Huangshi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- Medical Science Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology, Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- International Joint Research Center for General Health, Precision Medicine & Nutrition, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, Bioengineering and Food College, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhao H, Liu J, Zhu J, Yang F, Wu H, Ba Y, Cui L, Chen R, Chen S. Bacterial composition and community structure of the oropharynx of adults with asthma are associated with environmental factors. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104505. [PMID: 32979472 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development and exacerbation of asthma are mainly attributed to inflammatory reactions caused by allergens. However, less is known about the development of asthma caused by microbial disorders in the oropharynx and induced by environmental factors. Here, the metagenome of the oropharyngeal microbiome of adults with asthma was analysed to identify their association with air pollutants. Oropharyngeal swabs from patients with asthma were collected in two winters (W1 and W2) with different environmental factor exposures. The bacterial composition and community structure of the oropharynx were analysed through high-throughput sequencing. After analysis, the α-diversity and β-diversity exhibited significant differences between the two groups. LEfSe analysis detected 8 significantly different phyla and 11 significantly different genera between the W1 and W2 groups. Multiple linear regression analyses found that the asthma status might contribute to the alteration of microbial composition. Redundancy analysis showed that NO2 was the only environmental factor that significantly affected the microbial community structure of the oropharynx. The different genera associated with NO2 were Rothia, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia. The altered taxa related to PM2.5 were Cupriavidus and Acinetobacter. Actinobacillus and Prevotella showed a highly positive correlation with O3. Moreover, network analysis was carried out to explore the co-occurrence relationships of the main genera, and PICRUSt was conducted to predict bacterial functions. This study showed that environmental factors might cause alteration in the oropharyngeal flora, which might be a potential risk factor of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Zhao
- The College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Qingpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201799, China
| | - Jia Liu
- The Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- The College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huiying Wu
- The College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- The College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- The College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruiying Chen
- The Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- The College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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11
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Carlström M, Norouzirad R, Jeddi S, Azizi F, Ghasemi A. Different Pharmacokinetic Responses to an Acute Dose of Inorganic Nitrate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:878-886. [PMID: 32787767 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200813135251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of nitrate (NO3) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy adults. Potential effects of salivary nitrate reductase (NR) activity on cardiometabolic responses to an acute dose of NO3 was also assessed. METHODS Nine healthy adults and nine T2DM patients were recruited to consume a NO3-rich breakfast (~410 mg NO3). Pharmacokinetics of NO3 were examined using repeated measurements of NOx (nitrate+ nitrite) concentrations of serum and saliva over 8 hours and NO3 concentrations of spot and 24-h urine samples. Cardiometabolic parameters, including serum levels of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides as well as blood pressure were also measured. RESULTS Compared to patients with T2DM, serum NOx concentration (Δ1= 16.7 vs. 4.4 μmol/L, P=0.057) of healthy subjects sharply increased within 1 hour after NO3 loading. Healthy subjects had a higher NR activity index, and higher peak salivary NO3 concentration with a lower time to peak. Diabetic patients with high- compared to low-NR values had a higher whole-body NOx exposure (103±31.4 vs. 58.9±22.1 μmol.h/L); they also showed a better glycemic response and more reduction of blood pressure following ingestion of a NO3-rich meal. CONCLUSION T2DM may be associated with a different pattern of NOx pharmacokinetics (especially salivary NOx metabolism). Salivary NR activity may have a critical role in postprandial metabolism of NO3, and diabetic patients with higher NR activity may take more advantages from NO3 supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Norouzirad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Liu Y, Wang H, Dou H, Tian B, Li L, Jin L, Zhang Z, Hu L. Bone regeneration capacities of alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells sheet in rabbit calvarial bone defect. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420930379. [PMID: 32566118 PMCID: PMC7288803 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420930379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells sheets have been verified as a promising non-scaffold
strategy for bone regeneration. Alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,
derived from neural crest, have the character of easily obtained and strong
multi-differential potential. However, the bone regenerative features of
alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheets in the craniofacial region
remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to compare the osteogenic
differentiation and bone defect repairment characteristics of bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells sheets derived from alveolar bone (alveolar bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells) and iliac bone (Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells)
in vitro and in vivo. Histology character,
osteogenic differentiation, and osteogenic gene expression of human alveolar
bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
were compared in vitro. The cell sheets were implanted in
rabbit calvarial defects to evaluate tissue regeneration characteristics.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the specific gene and
pathways expression profile of alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Our
results showed that alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells had higher
osteogenic differentiation than Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Although
no obvious differences were found in the histological structure, fibronectin and
integrin β1 expression between them, alveolar-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
sheet exhibited higher mineral deposition and expression levels of osteogenic
marker genes. After being transplanted in the rabbit calvarial defects area, the
results showed that greater bone volume and trabecular thickness regeneration
were found in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells sheet group compared to
Lon-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks.
Finally, datasets of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus Lon-bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells, and periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (another
neural crest derived mesenchymal stem cells) versus umbilical cord mesenchymal
stem cells were analyzed. Total 71 differential genes were identified by overlap
between the 2 datasets. Homeobox genes, such as LHX8, MKX, PAX9,
MSX, and HOX, were identified as the most
significantly changed and would be potential specific genes in neural crest
mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the Al-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
sheet-based tissue regeneration appears to be a promising strategy for
craniofacial defect repair in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Stomatology, Tsinghua University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luyuan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Azzolino D, Passarelli PC, De Angelis P, Piccirillo GB, D’Addona A, Cesari M. Poor Oral Health as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2898. [PMID: 31795351 PMCID: PMC6950386 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by profound changes in many physiological functions, leading to a decreased ability to cope with stressors. Many changes are subtle, but can negatively affect nutrient intake, leading to overt malnutrition. Poor oral health may affect food selection and nutrient intake, leading to malnutrition and, consequently, to frailty and sarcopenia. On the other hand, it has been highlighted that sarcopenia is a whole-body process also affecting muscles dedicated to chewing and swallowing. Hence, muscle decline of these muscle groups may also have a negative impact on nutrient intake, increasing the risk for malnutrition. The interplay between oral diseases and malnutrition with frailty and sarcopenia may be explained through biological and environmental factors that are linked to the common burden of inflammation and oxidative stress. The presence of oral problems, alone or in combination with sarcopenia, may thus represent the biological substratum of the disabling cascade experienced by many frail individuals. A multimodal and multidisciplinary approach, including personalized dietary counselling and oral health care, may thus be helpful to better manage the complexity of older people. Furthermore, preventive strategies applied throughout the lifetime could help to preserve both oral and muscle function later in life. Here, we provide an overview on the relevance of poor oral health as a determinant of malnutrition and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Carmine Passarelli
- Department of Head and Neck, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.C.P.); (P.D.A.); (G.B.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Paolo De Angelis
- Department of Head and Neck, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.C.P.); (P.D.A.); (G.B.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Giovan Battista Piccirillo
- Department of Head and Neck, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.C.P.); (P.D.A.); (G.B.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonio D’Addona
- Department of Head and Neck, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.C.P.); (P.D.A.); (G.B.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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14
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Rodrigues RPCB, Aguiar EMG, Cardoso-Sousa L, Caixeta DC, Guedes CCFV, Siqueira WL, Maia YCP, Cardoso SV, Sabino-Silva R. Differential Molecular Signature of Human Saliva Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy for Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:437-445. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often not specific or absent in the early stages of this illness. Therefore, there is a demand for developing low cost, non-invasive and highly accurate platforms for CKD diagnostics. We hypothesized that the level of specifics salivary components changes when CKD is emplace, which could be clinically used to discriminate CKD patients from healthy subjects. The present study aimed to compare salivary components between CKD patients and matched control subjects by using attenuated total reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The predictive power of salivary components was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Several components were identified, and 4 of them showed different expression (p<0.05) between CKD and control subjects. Thiocyanate (SCN-, 2052 cm-1) and phospholipids/carbohydrates (924 cm-1) vibrational modes using original and second-derivative spectra by ATR-FTIR could potentially be used as salivary biomarkers to differentiate CKD than control subjects. The combination of original and second-derivative spectra by ATR-FTIR of 924 cm-1 vibrational modes could reach 92.8% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity for CKD detection. Despite, the limitation of our investigation, the acquired data indicates that salivary vibrational modes by ATR-FTIR platform should be further explored as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for CKD.
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15
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Damanti S, Azzolino D, Roncaglione C, Arosio B, Rossi P, Cesari M. Efficacy of Nutritional Interventions as Stand-Alone or Synergistic Treatments with Exercise for the Management of Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1991. [PMID: 31443594 PMCID: PMC6770476 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related and accelerated process characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength/function. It is a multifactorial process associated with several adverse outcomes including falls, frailty, functional decline, hospitalization, and mortality. Hence, sarcopenia represents a major public health problem and has become the focus of intense research. Unfortunately, no pharmacological treatments are yet available to prevent or treat this age-related condition. At present, the only strategies for the management of sarcopenia are mainly based on nutritional and physical exercise interventions. The purpose of this review is, thus, to provide an overview on the role of proteins and other key nutrients, alone or in combination with physical exercise, on muscle parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Damanti
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Phd Course in Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Phd Course in Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Roncaglione
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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16
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Reciprocal regulation of sulfite oxidation and nitrite reduction by mitochondrial sulfite oxidase. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:22-31. [PMID: 31002874 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-independent nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway is considered as a substantial source of NO in mammals. Dietary nitrate/nitrite are distributed throughout the body and reduced to NO by the action of various enzymes. The intermembrane spaced (IMS), molybdenum cofactor-dependent sulfite oxidase (SO) was shown to catalyze such a nitrite reduction. In this study we asked whether the primary function of SO - sulfite oxidation - and its novel function - nitrite reduction - impact each other. First, we utilized benzyl viologen as artificial electron donor to investigate steady state NO synthesis by SO and found fast (kcat = 14 s-1) nitrite reduction of SO full-length and its isolated molybdenum domain at pH 6.5. Next, we determined the impact of nitrite on pre-steady state kinetics in SO catalysis and identified nitrite as a pH-dependent inhibitor of SO reductive and oxidative half reaction. Finally, we report on the time-dependent formation of the paramagnetic Mo(V) species following nitrite reduction and demonstrate that sulfite inhibits nitrite reduction. In conclusion, we propose a pH-dependent reciprocal regulation of sulfite oxidation and nitrite reduction by each substrate, thus facilitating quick responses to hypoxia induced changes in the IMS, which may function in protecting the cell from reactive oxygen species production.
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17
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Cui H, Wang Y, Feng Y, Li X, Bu L, Pang B, Jia M. Dietary nitrate protects skin flap against ischemia injury in rats via enhancing blood perfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Mulkareddy V, Racette SB, Coggan AR, Peterson LR. Dietary nitrate's effects on exercise performance in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:735-740. [PMID: 30261290 PMCID: PMC6401215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a deadly and disabling disease. A key derangement contributing to impaired exercise performance in HFrEF is decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Scientists recently discovered the inorganic nitrate pathway for increasing NO. This has advantages over organic nitrates and NO synthase production of NO. Small studies using beetroot juice as a source of inorganic nitrate demonstrate its power to improve exercise performance in HFrEF. A larger-scale trial is now underway to determine if inorganic nitrate may be a new arrow for physicians' quiver of HFrEF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Mulkareddy
- The Department of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8066, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Susan B Racette
- The Department of Medicine, 4960 Children's Place, Campus Box 8066, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8502, 4444 Forest Park Ave., St. Louis, MO 63108-2212, USA.
| | - Andrew R Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 901 West New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 901 West New York Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Linda R Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Hughan KS, Wendell SG, Delmastro-Greenwood M, Helbling N, Corey C, Bellavia L, Potti G, Grimes G, Goodpaster B, Kim-Shapiro DB, Shiva S, Freeman BA, Gladwin MT. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and Nitrate. Hypertension 2019; 70:634-644. [PMID: 28739973 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary NO3- (nitrate) and NO2- (nitrite) support ˙NO (nitric oxide) generation and downstream vascular signaling responses. These nitrogen oxides also generate secondary nitrosating and nitrating species that react with low molecular weight thiols, heme centers, proteins, and unsaturated fatty acids. To explore the kinetics of NO3-and NO2-metabolism and the impact of dietary lipid on nitrogen oxide metabolism and cardiovascular responses, the stable isotopes Na15NO3 and Na15NO2 were orally administered in the presence or absence of conjugated linoleic acid (cLA). The reduction of 15NO2- to 15NO was indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of hyperfine splitting patterns reflecting 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin complexes. This formation of 15NO also translated to decreased systolic and mean arterial blood pressures and inhibition of platelet function. Upon concurrent administration of cLA, there was a significant increase in plasma cLA nitration products 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. Coadministration of cLA with 15NO2- also impacted the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects of 15NO2-, with cLA administration suppressing plasma NO3-and NO2-levels, decreasing 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin formation, NO2-inhibition of platelet activation, and the vasodilatory actions of NO2-, while enhancing the formation of 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. These results indicate that the biochemical reactions and physiological responses to oral 15NO3-and 15NO2-are significantly impacted by dietary constituents, such as unsaturated lipids. This can explain the variable responses to NO3-and NO2-supplementation in clinical trials and reveals dietary strategies for promoting the generation of pleiotropic nitrogen oxide-derived lipid signaling mediators. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01681836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara S Hughan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Meghan Delmastro-Greenwood
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Nicole Helbling
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Catherine Corey
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Landon Bellavia
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Gopal Potti
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - George Grimes
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bret Goodpaster
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Sruti Shiva
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
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20
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Yeruva T, Lee CH. Regulation of Vaginal Microbiome by Nitric Oxide. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:17-31. [PMID: 30727888 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190207092850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the composition and regulation of vaginal microbiome that displays an apparent microbial diversity and interacts with other microbiota in the body are presented. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of vaginal microflora in which lactobacillus species typically dominate has been delineated from the perspective of maintaining gynecologic ecosystem and prevention of onset of bacteriostatic vaginosis (BV) and/or sexually transmitted diseases (STD) including HIV-1 transmission. The interactions between NO and vaginal microbiome and its influence on the levels of Lactobacillus, hormones and other components are described. The recent progress, such as NO drugs, probiotic Lactobacilli and Lactobacillus microbots, that can be explored to alleviate abnormality of vagina microbiome, is also discussed. An identification of Oral-GI-Vagina axis, as well as the relationship between NO and Lactobacillus regulation in the healthy or pathological status of vagina microbiome, surely offers the advanced drug delivery option against BV or STD including AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taj Yeruva
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64108, United States
| | - Chi H Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, 64108, United States
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21
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Liddle L, Burleigh MC, Monaghan C, Muggeridge DJ, Sculthorpe N, Pedlar CR, Butcher J, Henriquez FL, Easton C. Variability in nitrate-reducing oral bacteria and nitric oxide metabolites in biological fluids following dietary nitrate administration: An assessment of the critical difference. Nitric Oxide 2019; 83:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Ma L, Hu L, Feng X, Wang S. Nitrate and Nitrite in Health and Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:938-945. [PMID: 30271668 PMCID: PMC6147587 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The source of dietary nitrate (NO3) is mainly green, leafy vegetables, partially absorbed into blood through intestinal mucosa. The recycled nitrate is reabsorbed and concentrated by the salivary glands and then secreted into saliva. In 2012, sialin was first discovered as the mammalian membrane nitrate transporter in salivary glands and plays a key role in circulation of inorganic nitrate, providing a scientific basis for further investigation into the circulation and functions of nitrate. Dietary nitrate can be converted to nitrite (NO2) by oral commensal bacteria under the tongue or in the stomach, following which nitrite is converted to nitric oxide (NO) through non-enzymatic synthesis. Previously, nitrate and nitrite were thought to be carcinogenic due to the potential formation of nitrogen compounds, whereas the beneficial functions of NO3--NO2--NO pathway were ignored. Under conditions of hypoxia and ischemia, the production of endogenous NO from L-arginine is inhibited, while the activity of exogenous NO3--NO2--NO is enhanced. Recently, a greater amount of evidence has shown that nitrate and nitrite serve as a reservoir and perform positive biological NO-like functions. Therefore, exogenous dietary nitrate plays an important role in various physiological activities as an effective supplement of nitrite and NO in human body. Here we generally review the source, circulation and bio-functions of dietary nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsha Ma
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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23
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A sialoadenectomy is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease: A three-year follow-up study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199135. [PMID: 29912946 PMCID: PMC6005546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding the long-term adverse effects of a sialoadenectomy. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among patients receiving a sialoadenectomy procedure by utilizing a cohort study based on a population-based database in Taiwan. This study retrieved data of the study sample from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. This retrospective cohort study included 608 patients who underwent a sialoadenectomy and 1824 propensity score-matched comparison patients. We individually tracked each sampled patient for a 3-year period from their index date to discriminate those who subsequently received a diagnosis of CHD during the follow-up period. We found that respective incidence rates of CHD during the 3-year follow-up period were 3.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.01–4.91) and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.45–2.18) per 100 person-years for patients who did and those who did not undergo a sialoadenectomy. The stratified Cox proportional analysis revealed that the hazard ratio of CHD during the 3-year follow-up period was 2.43 (95% CI: 1.77–3.33) than comparison patients. This study demonstrates an association between sialoadenectomy and CHD.
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24
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Li L, Wang H, Hu L, Wu X, Zhao B, Fan Z, Zhang C, Wang J, Wang S. Age associated decrease of sialin in salivary glands. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:505-511. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1463453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of ChengDe Medical College, Chengde
| | - H Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - L Hu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - X Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - B Zhao
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - Z Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - C Zhang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing
| | - J Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Burleigh MC, Liddle L, Monaghan C, Muggeridge DJ, Sculthorpe N, Butcher JP, Henriquez FL, Allen JD, Easton C. Salivary nitrite production is elevated in individuals with a higher abundance of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:80-88. [PMID: 29550328 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) can be generated endogenously via NO synthases or via the diet following the action of symbiotic nitrate-reducing bacteria in the oral cavity. Given the important role of NO in smooth muscle control there is an intriguing suggestion that cardiovascular homeostasis may be intertwined with the presence of these bacteria. Here, we measured the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the oral cavity of 25 healthy humans using 16S rRNA sequencing and observed, for 3.5 h, the physiological responses to dietary nitrate ingestion via measurement of blood pressure, and salivary and plasma NO metabolites. We identified 7 species of bacteria previously known to contribute to nitrate-reduction, the most prevalent of which were Prevotella melaninogenica and Veillonella dispar. Following dietary nitrate supplementation, blood pressure was reduced and salivary and plasma nitrate and nitrite increased substantially. We found that the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria was associated with the generation of salivary nitrite but not with any other measured variable. To examine the impact of bacterial abundance on pharmacokinetics we also categorised our participants into two groups; those with a higher abundance of nitrate reducing bacteria (> 50%), and those with a lower abundance (< 50%). Salivary nitrite production was lower in participants with lower abundance of bacteria and these individuals also exhibited slower salivary nitrite pharmacokinetics. We therefore show that the rate of nitrate to nitrite reduction in the oral cavity is associated with the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria. Nevertheless, higher abundance of these bacteria did not result in an exaggerated plasma nitrite response, the best known marker of NO bioavailability. These data from healthy young adults suggest that the abundance of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria does not influence the generation of NO through the diet, at least when the host has a functional minimum threshold of these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C Burleigh
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - Luke Liddle
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - Chris Monaghan
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - David J Muggeridge
- Physical Activity and Health Group, School of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas Sculthorpe
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK
| | - John P Butcher
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK; Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fiona L Henriquez
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Jason D Allen
- Department of Kinesiology, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Chris Easton
- Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK.
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26
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Koch CD, Gladwin MT, Freeman BA, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Morris A. Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:48-67. [PMID: 27989792 PMCID: PMC5401802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into the bioactivation and signaling actions of inorganic, dietary nitrate and nitrite now suggest a critical role for the microbiome in the development of cardiac and pulmonary vascular diseases. Once thought to be the inert, end-products of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) heme-oxidation, nitrate and nitrite are now considered major sources of exogenous NO that exhibit enhanced vasoactive signaling activity under conditions of hypoxia and stress. The bioavailability of nitrate and nitrite depend on the enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite by a unique set of bacterial nitrate reductase enzymes possessed by specific bacterial populations in the mammalian mouth and gut. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), obesity, hypertension and CVD are linked to defects in NO signaling, suggesting a role for commensal oral bacteria to shape the development of PH through the formation of nitrite, NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate or nitrate-containing foods exert pleiotropic, beneficial vascular effects in the setting of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and in pre-clinical models of PH, while traditional high-nitrate dietary patterns are associated with beneficial outcomes in hypertension, obesity and CVD. These observations highlight the potential of the microbiome in the development of novel nitrate- and nitrite-based therapeutics for PH, CVD and their risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Koch
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Abstract
The salivary glands and oral bacteria play an essential role in the conversion process from nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) to nitric oxide (NO) in the human body. NO is, at present, recognized as a multifarious messenger molecule with important vascular and metabolic functions. Besides the endogenous L-arginine pathway, which is catalyzed by complex NO synthases, nitrate in food contributes to the main extrinsic generation of NO through a series of sequential steps (NO3--NO2--NO pathway). Up to 25% of nitrate in circulation is actively taken up by the salivary glands, and as a result, its concentration in saliva can increase 10- to 20-fold. However, the mechanism has not been clearly illustrated until recently, when sialin was identified as an electrogenic 2NO3-/H+transporter in the plasma membrane of salivary acinar cells. Subsequently, the oral bacterial species located at the posterior part of the tongue reduce nitrate to nitrite, as catalyzed by nitrate reductase enzymes. These bacteria use nitrate and nitrite as final electron acceptors in their respiration and meanwhile help the host to convert nitrate to NO as the first step. This review describes the role of salivary glands and oral bacteria in the metabolism of nitrate and in the maintenance of NO homeostasis. The potential therapeutic applications of oral inorganic nitrate and nitrite are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X.M. Qu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z.F. Wu
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - B.X. Pang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L.Y. Jin
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L.Z. Qin
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - S.L. Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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28
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Briskey D, Tucker PS, Johnson DW, Coombes JS. Microbiota and the nitrogen cycle: Implications in the development and progression of CVD and CKD. Nitric Oxide 2016; 57:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Lundberg JO, Gladwin MT, Weitzberg E. Strategies to increase nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:623-41. [PMID: 26265312 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule in the cardiovascular, immune and central nervous systems, and crucial steps in the regulation of NO bioavailability in health and disease are well characterized. Although early approaches to therapeutically modulate NO bioavailability failed in clinical trials, an enhanced understanding of fundamental subcellular signalling has enabled a range of novel therapeutic approaches to be identified. These include the identification of: new pathways for enhancing NO synthase activity; ways to amplify the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway; novel classes of NO-donating drugs; drugs that limit NO metabolism through effects on reactive oxygen species; and ways to modulate downstream phosphodiesterases and soluble guanylyl cyclases. In this Review, we discuss these latest developments, with a focus on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Wang J, Krizowski S, Fischer-Schrader K, Niks D, Tejero J, Sparacino-Watkins C, Wang L, Ragireddy V, Frizzell S, Kelley EE, Zhang Y, Basu P, Hille R, Schwarz G, Gladwin MT. Sulfite Oxidase Catalyzes Single-Electron Transfer at Molybdenum Domain to Reduce Nitrite to Nitric Oxide. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:283-94. [PMID: 25314640 PMCID: PMC4523048 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies suggest that the molybdenum enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and mARC exhibit nitrite reductase activity at low oxygen pressures. However, inhibition studies of xanthine oxidase in humans have failed to block nitrite-dependent changes in blood flow, leading to continued exploration for other candidate nitrite reductases. Another physiologically important molybdenum enzyme—sulfite oxidase (SO)—has not been extensively studied. RESULTS Using gas-phase nitric oxide (NO) detection and physiological concentrations of nitrite, SO functions as nitrite reductase in the presence of a one-electron donor, exhibiting redox coupling of substrate oxidation and nitrite reduction to form NO. With sulfite, the physiological substrate, SO only facilitates one turnover of nitrite reduction. Studies with recombinant heme and molybdenum domains of SO indicate that nitrite reduction occurs at the molybdenum center via coupled oxidation of Mo(IV) to Mo(V). Reaction rates of nitrite to NO decreased in the presence of a functional heme domain, mediated by steric and redox effects of this domain. Using knockdown of all molybdopterin enzymes and SO in fibroblasts isolated from patients with genetic deficiencies of molybdenum cofactor and SO, respectively, SO was found to significantly contribute to hypoxic nitrite signaling as demonstrated by activation of the canonical NO-sGC-cGMP pathway. INNOVATION Nitrite binds to and is reduced at the molybdenum site of mammalian SO, which may be allosterically regulated by heme and molybdenum domain interactions, and contributes to the mammalian nitrate-nitrite-NO signaling pathway in human fibroblasts. CONCLUSION SO is a putative mammalian nitrite reductase, catalyzing nitrite reduction at the Mo(IV) center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sabina Krizowski
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne University , Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Fischer-Schrader
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne University , Cologne, Germany
| | - Dimitri Niks
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Jesús Tejero
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Courtney Sparacino-Watkins
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ling Wang
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Venkata Ragireddy
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheila Frizzell
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric E Kelley
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,5 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingze Zhang
- 2 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Partha Basu
- 6 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Russ Hille
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne University , Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- 1 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Xia D, Qu X, Tran SD, Schmidt LL, Qin L, Zhang C, Cui X, Deng D, Wang S. Histological characteristics following a long-term nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6225-6234. [PMID: 26261499 PMCID: PMC4525833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the histological characteristics following a 2-year nitrate-rich diet in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy. Using averages collected data from three time points at 6, 12, and 24 months following the induction of parotid gland atrophy, salivary nitrate levels of the nitrate-diet parotid-atrophied group (17.3 ± 3.9 ng/µl) were close to those of the control group (19.6 ± 5.1 ng/µl). Compared to the control group, the nitrate-diet group had significantly higher nitrate levels in blood (P < 0.05) and urine (P < 0.001). Histological and electron microscopy analyses showed no abnormalities in the organs of experimental or control animals. No significant differences on apoptosis rate were found in liver and kidney tissues between the standard- and nitrate-diet groups. Therefore, dietary nitrate supplementation could restore salivary nitrate levels. High-dose nitrate loading for 2 years had no observed systemic toxicity in miniature pigs with parotid atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengsheng Xia
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
| | - Xingmin Qu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill UniversityMontreal, Canada
| | | | - Lizheng Qin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
| | - Xiuyu Cui
- Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyBeijing, China
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Hirota S, Takahama U. Reactions of Apple Fruit Polyphenols with Nitrite under Conditions of the Gastric Lumen: Generation of Nitric Oxide and Formation of Nitroso Catechins. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care,
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Division of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; ,
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Jin L, Qin L, Xia D, Liu X, Fan Z, Zhang C, Gu L, He J, Ambudkar IS, Deng D, Wang S. Active secretion and protective effect of salivary nitrate against stress in human volunteers and rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 57:61-7. [PMID: 23277147 PMCID: PMC4059197 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Up to 25% of the circulating nitrate in blood is actively taken up, concentrated, and secreted into saliva by the salivary glands. Salivary nitrate can be reduced to nitrite by the commensal bacteria in the oral cavity or stomach and then further converted to nitric oxide (NO) in vivo, which may play a role in gastric protection. However, whether salivary nitrate is actively secreted in human beings has not yet been determined. This study was designed to determine whether salivary nitrate is actively secreted in human beings as an acute stress response and what role salivary nitrate plays in stress-induced gastric injury. To observe salivary nitrate function under stress conditions, alteration of salivary nitrate and nitrite was analyzed among 22 healthy volunteers before and after a strong stress activity, jumping down from a platform at the height of 68 m. A series of stress indexes was analyzed to monitor the stress situation. We found that both the concentration and the total amount of nitrate in mixed saliva were significantly increased in the human volunteers immediately after the jump, with an additional increase 1h later (p<0.01). Saliva nitrite reached a maximum immediately after the jump and was maintained 1h later. To study the biological functions of salivary nitrate and nitrite in stress protection, we further carried out a water-immersion-restraint stress (WIRS) assay in male adult rats with bilateral parotid and submandibular duct ligature (BPSDL). Intragastric nitrate, nitrite, and NO; gastric mucosal blood flow; and gastric ulcer index (UI) were monitored and nitrate was administrated in drinking water to compensate for nitrate secretion in BPSDL animals. Significantly decreased levels of intragastric nitrate, nitrite, and NO and gastric mucosal blood flow were measured in BPSDL rats during the WIRS assay compared to sham control rats (p<0.05). Recovery was observed in the BPSDL rats upon nitrate administration. The WIRS-induced UI was significantly higher in the BPSDL animals compared to controls, and nitrate administration rescued the WIRS-induced gastric injury in BPSDL rats. In conclusion, this study suggests that stress promotes salivary nitrate secretion and nitrite formation, which may play important roles in gastric protection against stress-induced injury via the nitrate-dependent NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyuan Jin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dengsheng Xia
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xibao Liu
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Indu S. Ambudkar
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Fax: +86 10 88122437
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing 100069, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author at: Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China. Fax: +86 10 67062012
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Calvani R, Miccheli A, Landi F, Bossola M, Cesari M, Leeuwenburgh C, Sieber CC, Bernabei R, Marzetti E. Current nutritional recommendations and novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia. J Frailty Aging 2013; 2:38-53. [PMID: 26082911 PMCID: PMC4465574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with aging, is associated with increased risk for several adverse health outcomes, including frailty, disability, falls, loss of independent living, and mortality. At present, no pharmacological treatment exists that is able to definitely halt the progression of sarcopenia. Likewise, no pharmacological remedies are yet available to prevent the onset of age-related muscle wasting. In this scenario, the combination of nutritional interventions and physical exercise appears to be the most effective strategy presently available for the management of sarcopenia. The purposes of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on the role of nutrition as a countermeasure for sarcopenia, illustrate the mechanisms of action of relevant dietary agents on the aging muscle, and introduce novel nutritional strategies that may help preserve muscle mass and function into old age. Issues related to the identification of the optimal timing of nutritional interventions in the context of primary and secondary prevention are also discussed. Finally, the prospect of elaborating personalized dietary and physical exercise recommendations through the implementation of integrated, high-throughput analytic approaches is illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Alfredo Miccheli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital “Agostino Gemelli”, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bossola
- Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital “Agostino Gemelli”, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle and INSERM Unit 1027, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cornel C. Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, 90419, Germany
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital “Agostino Gemelli”, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital “Agostino Gemelli”, Rome 00168, Italy
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HIROTA S, TAKAHAMA U. Starch Can Inhibit Nitrite-Dependent Oxidation of Crocin in Gastric Lumen Increasing Bioavailability of Carotenoids. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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