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Ono C, Kochi Y, Baba Y, Tanaka S. Humoral responses are enhanced by facilitating B cell viability by Fcrl5 overexpression in B cells. Int Immunol 2024; 36:529-540. [PMID: 38738271 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell initial activity is regulated through a balance of activation and suppression mediated by regulatory molecules expressed in B cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the function of the Fc receptor-like (Fcrl) family molecule Fcrl5, which is constitutively expressed in naive B cells, in humoral immune responses. Our study demonstrated that B cell-specific overexpression of Fcrl5 enhanced antibody (Ab) production in both T cell-independent type 1 (TI1) and T cell-dependent (TD) responses. Additionally, it promoted effector B cell formation under competitive conditions in TD responses. Mechanistically, in vitro ligation of Fcrl5 by agonistic Abs reduced cell death and enhanced proliferation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells. In the presence of anti-CD40 Abs and IL-5, the Fcrl5 ligation not only suppressed cell death but also enhanced differentiation into plasma cells. These findings reveal a novel role of Fcrl5 in promoting humoral immune responses by enhancing B cell viability and plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Ono
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Bai B, Wise JF, Vodák D, Nakken S, Sharma A, Blaker YN, Brodtkorb M, Hilden V, Trøen G, Ren W, Lorenz S, Lawrence MS, Myklebost O, Kimby E, Pan-Hammarström Q, Steen CB, Meza-Zepeda LA, Beiske K, Smeland EB, Hovig E, Lingjærde OC, Holte H, Myklebust JH. Multi-omics profiling of longitudinal samples reveals early genomic changes in follicular lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:147. [PMID: 39191762 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Advances in treatment have improved overall survival, but early relapse or transformation to aggressive disease is associated with inferior outcome. To identify early genetic events and track tumor clonal evolution, we performed multi-omics analysis of 94 longitudinal biopsies from 44 FL patients; 22 with transformation (tFL) and 22 with relapse without transformation (nFL). Deep whole-exome sequencing confirmed recurrent mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators (CREBBP, KMT2D, EZH2, EP300), with similar mutational landscape in nFL and tFL patients. Calculation of genomic distances between longitudinal samples revealed complex evolutionary patterns in both subgroups. CREBBP and KMT2D mutations were identified as genetic events that occur early in the disease course, and cases with CREBBP KAT domain mutations had low risk of transformation. Gains in chromosomes 12 and 18 (TCF4), and loss in 6q were identified as early and stable copy number alterations. Identification of such early and stable genetic events may provide opportunities for early disease detection and disease monitoring. Integrative analysis revealed that tumors with EZH2 mutations exhibited reduced gene expression of numerous histone genes, including histone linker genes. This might contribute to the epigenetic dysregulation in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyan Bai
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen),, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jillian F Wise
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Vodák
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigve Nakken
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Nuvin Blaker
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Brodtkorb
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Hilden
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Trøen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weicheng Ren
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Kimby
- Unit for Hematology and Department of Medicine at Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chloé B Steen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend B Smeland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Holte
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, CancerGenomics.no, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Oncology, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - June Helen Myklebust
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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L’Estrange-Stranieri E, Gottschalk TA, Wright MD, Hibbs ML. The dualistic role of Lyn tyrosine kinase in immune cell signaling: implications for systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395427. [PMID: 39007135 PMCID: PMC11239442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is a debilitating, multisystem autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body. The disease is characterized by circulating autoantibodies that accumulate in organs and tissues, which triggers an inflammatory response that can cause permanent damage leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Lyn, a member of the Src family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, is highly implicated in SLE as remarkably both mice lacking Lyn or expressing a gain-of-function mutation in Lyn develop spontaneous lupus-like disease due to altered signaling in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, suggesting its expression or activation state plays a critical role in maintaining tolerance. The past 30 years of research has begun to elucidate the role of Lyn in a duplicitous signaling network of activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors and related targets, including interactions with the interferon regulatory factor family in the toll-like receptor pathway. Gain-of-function mutations in Lyn have now been identified in human cases and like mouse models, cause severe systemic autoinflammation. Studies of Lyn in SLE patients have presented mixed findings, which may reflect the heterogeneity of disease processes in SLE, with impairment or enhancement in Lyn function affecting subsets of SLE patients that may be a means of stratification. In this review, we present an overview of the phosphorylation and protein-binding targets of Lyn in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, highlighting the structural domains of the protein that are involved in its function, and provide an update on studies of Lyn in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan L’Estrange-Stranieri
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Gottschalk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark D. Wright
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L. Hibbs
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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4
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Niemand RR, Stafford JL. Counteracting immunotyrosine-based signaling motifs augment zebrafish leukocyte immune-type receptor-mediated phagocytic activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105121. [PMID: 38135021 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte immune-type receptors (LITRs) represent a polymorphic and polygenic family of immunoregulatory proteins originally discovered in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus; IpLITRs). Belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), IpLITRs are generally classified as stimulatory or inhibitory types based on their utilization of various intracellular tyrosine-based signaling motifs. While research has shown that IpLITRs can activate as well as abrogate different immune cell effector responses including phagocytosis, recent identification of LITRs within the zebrafish genome (Danio rerio; DrLITRs) revealed the existence of fish LITR-types uniquely containing counteracting stimulatory and inhibitory cytoplasmic tail (CYT) region motifs (i.e., an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif; ITAM, and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif; ITIM) within the same receptor. This arrangement is unusual as these motifs typically exist on separate stimulatory (i.e., ITAM-containing) or inhibitory (i.e., ITIM-containing) immunoregulatory receptors that then co-engage to fine-tune cellular signaling and effector responses. Using a flow cytometric-based phagocytosis assay, we show here that engagement of DrLITR 1.2-expressing cells with antibody coated 4.5 μm beads causes a robust ITAM-dependent phagocytic response and reveal that its tandem ITIM motif surprisingly enhances the DrLITR 1.2-induced phagocytic activity while simultaneously decreasing the receptors ability to bind the beads. Confocal microscopy studies also revealed that the ITIM-associated inhibitory signaling molecule SHP-2 is localized to the phagocytic synapse during the phagocytic response. Overall, these results provide the first functional characterization of teleost immune receptors containing a tandem ITAM and ITIM and allow for the proposal of an intracytoplasmic tail signaling model for ITIM-mediated enhancement of ITAM-dependent cellular activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikus R Niemand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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5
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Ono C, Tanaka S, Myouzen K, Iwasaki T, Ueda M, Oda Y, Yamamoto K, Kochi Y, Baba Y. Upregulated Fcrl5 disrupts B cell anergy and causes autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276014. [PMID: 37841260 PMCID: PMC10569490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell anergy plays a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance by inhibiting autoreactive B cell activation to prevent autoimmune diseases. Here, we demonstrated that Fc receptor-like 5 (Fcrl5) upregulation contributes to autoimmune disease pathogenesis by disrupting B cell anergy. Fcrl5-a gene whose homologs are associated with human autoimmune diseases-is highly expressed in age/autoimmunity-associated B cells (ABCs), an autoreactive B cell subset. By generating B cell-specific Fcrl5 transgenic mice, we demonstrated that Fcrl5 overexpression in B cells caused systemic autoimmunity with age. Additionally, Fcrl5 upregulation in B cells exacerbated the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease model. Furthermore, an increase in Fcrl5 expression broke B cell anergy and facilitated toll-like receptor signaling. Thus, Fcrl5 is a potential regulator of B cell-mediated autoimmunity by regulating B cell anergy. This study provides important insights into the role of Fcrl5 in breaking B cell anergy and its effect on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Ono
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Myouzen
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mahoko Ueda
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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6
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Mamidi MK, Huang J, Honjo K, Li R, Tabengwa EM, Neeli I, Randall NL, Ponnuchetty MV, Radic M, Leu CM, Davis RS. FCRL1 immunoregulation in B cell development and malignancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251127. [PMID: 37822931 PMCID: PMC10562807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic targeting of surface regulatory proteins and pharmacologic inhibition of critical signaling pathways has dramatically shifted our approach to the care of individuals with B cell malignancies. This evolution in therapy reflects the central role of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling complex and its co-receptors in the pathogenesis of B lineage leukemias and lymphomas. Members of the Fc receptor-like gene family (FCRL1-6) encode cell surface receptors with complex tyrosine-based regulation that are preferentially expressed by B cells. Among them, FCRL1 expression peaks on naïve and memory B cells and is unique in terms of its intracellular co-activation potential. Recent studies in human and mouse models indicate that FCRL1 contributes to the formation of the BCR signalosome, modulates B cell signaling, and promotes humoral responses. Progress in understanding its regulatory properties, along with evidence for its over-expression by mature B cell leukemias and lymphomas, collectively imply important yet unmet opportunities for FCRL1 in B cell development and transformation. Here we review recent advances in FCRL1 biology and highlight its emerging significance as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in B cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K. Mamidi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jifeng Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Edlue M. Tabengwa
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Indira Neeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Nar’asha L. Randall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Manasa V. Ponnuchetty
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Marko Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chuen-Miin Leu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming ChiaoTung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Randall S. Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Departments of Microbiology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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7
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Yang L, Lang Y, Wu H, Xiang K, Wang Y, Yu M, Liu Y, Yang B, He L, Lu G, Ni Q, Chen X, Zhang L. Engineered Toll-like Receptor Nanoagonist Binding to Extracellular Matrix Elicits Safe and Robust Antitumor Immunity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5340-5353. [PMID: 36913671 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist including CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, has shown potency in clinical settings. However, it is still confronted with multiple challenges, which include the limited efficacy and severe adverse events caused by the rapid clearance and systemic diffusion of CpG. Here we report an improved CpG-based immunotherapy approach composed of a synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM)-anchored DNA/peptide hybrid nanoagonist (EaCpG) via (1) a tailor designed DNA template that encodes tetramer CpG and additional short DNA moieties, (2) generation of elongated multimeric CpG through rolling circle amplification (RCA), (3) self-assembly of densely packaged CpG particles composed of tandem CpG building blocks and magnesium pyrophosphate, and (4) incorporation of multiple copies of ECM binding peptide through hybridization to short DNA moieties. The structurally well-defined EaCpG shows dramatically increased intratumoral retention and marginal systemic dissemination through peritumoral administration, leading to potent antitumor immune response and subsequent tumor elimination, with minimal treatment-related toxicity. Combined with conventional standard-of-care therapies, peritumor administration of EaCpG generates systemic immune responses that lead to a curative abscopal effect on distant untreated tumors in multiple cancer models, which is superior to the unmodified CpG. Taken together, EaCpG provides a facile and generalizable strategy to simultaneously potentiate the potency and safety of CpG for combinational cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Lang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoguang Wu
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaiyan Xiang
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanzheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqi Yu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Liangcan He
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, China
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Wei SY, Wu TT, Huang JQ, Kang ZP, Wang MX, Zhong YB, Ge W, Zhou BG, Zhao HM, Wang HY, Liu DY. Curcumin alleviates experimental colitis via a potential mechanism involving memory B cells and Bcl-6-Syk-BLNK signaling. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5865-5880. [PMID: 36353208 PMCID: PMC9639655 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i40.5865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction is the crucial cause in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is mainly related to lymphocytes (T or B cells, incl-uding memory B cells), mast cells, activated neutrophils, and macrophages. As the precursor of B cells, the activation of memory B cells can trigger and differentiate B cells to produce a giant variety of inducible B cells and tolerant B cells, whose dysfunction can easily lead to autoimmune diseases, including IBD.
AIM To investigate whether or not curcumin (Cur) can alleviate experimental colitis by regulating memory B cells and Bcl-6-Syk-BLNK signaling.
METHODS Colitis was induced in mice with a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) solution in drinking water. Colitis mice were given Cur (100 mg/kg/d) orally for 14 con-secutive days. The colonic weight, colonic length, intestinal weight index, occult blood scores, and histological scores of mice were examined to evaluate the curative effect. The levels of memory B cells in peripheral blood of mice were measured by flow cytometry, and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-7A, and TNF-α expression in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was used to measure the expression of Bcl-6, BLNK, Syk, and other signaling pathway related proteins.
RESULTS After Cur treatment for 14 d, the body weight, colonic weight, colonic length, colonic weight index, and colonic pathological injury of mice with colitis were ameliorated. The secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-7A was statistically decreased, while the IL-35 and IL-10 levels were considerably increased. Activation of memory B cell subsets in colitis mice was confirmed by a remarkable reduction in the expression of IgM, IgG, IgA, FCRL5, CD103, FasL, PD-1, CD38, and CXCR3 on the surface of CD19+ CD27+ B cells, while the number of CD19+ CD27+ IL-10+ and CD19+ CD27+ Tim-3+ B cells increased significantly. In addition, Cur significantly inhibited the protein levels of Syk, p-Syk, Bcl-6, and CIN85, and increased BLNK and p-BLNK expression in colitis mice.
CONCLUSION Cur could effectively alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating memory B cells and the Bcl-6-Syk-BLNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yi Wei
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Kang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Xue Wang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bu-Gao Zhou
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
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9
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Yang J, Gu J, Wang H, Shi J, Lu L, She W, Wang Y. Fc receptor-like 5 gene polymorphisms and mRNA expression are associated with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988464. [PMID: 36160227 PMCID: PMC9500477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the associations of Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5) gene polymorphisms and mRNA expression with liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods: A total of 114 CHB patients with liver fibrosis and 120 CHB patients without liver fibrosis were selected for this study. The gender, age, body mass index (BMI), alanine transaminase (ALT) value, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4) were recorded. Two polymorphisms of the FCRL5 gene (rs6427384 and rs6692977) were genotyped. The mRNA expression level of FCRL5 in peripheral blood monocytes was determined.Results: ALT, AST, APRI, and FIB-4 in patients with fibrosis were significantly higher than those in non-fibrosis patients. There was statistically significant difference between fibrosis and non-fibrosis groups in the genotype distribution (χ2 = 7.805, p = 0.020) and allele frequencies (χ2 = 13.252, p < 0.001) at FCRL5 rs6692977. When compared with CC genotype, the genotype CT or TT at rs6692977 was significantly associated with a increased risk of liver fibrosis in CHB patients (CT vs. CC: OR = 1.921, 95% CI = 1.093–3.375, p = 0.023; TT vs. CC: OR = 2.598, 95% CI = 1.067–6.324, p = 0.031). The mRNA relative expression levels of FCRL5 in patients with liver fibrosis were significantly higher than those in the non-fibrosis group (t = 13.456, p < 0.001). The fibrosis patients carried TT or CT genotype of rs6692977 had significantly higher FCRL5 mRNA expression levels than those carried CC genotype (t = 2.859, p = 0.005). The mRNA expression levels of FCRL5, APRI, and FIB-4 index showed predictive efficacy in liver fibrosis with cut-off values of 0.75 (AUC = 0.896, 95% CI = 0.856–0.935), 0.45 (AUC = 0.852, 95% CI = 0.802–0.902) and 1.84 (AUC = 0.765, 95% CI = 0.703–0.826), respectively.Conclusion: FCRL5 gene rs6692977 polymorphisms and mRNA expression levels are associated with liver fibrosis in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayin Shi
- Department of Outpatient, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanxian She
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Infection Management, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang,
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10
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DeLuca JM, Murphy MK, Wang X, Wilson TJ. FCRL1 Regulates B Cell Receptor-Induced ERK Activation through GRB2. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2688-2698. [PMID: 34697226 PMCID: PMC8629370 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of BCR signaling has important consequences for generating effective Ab responses to pathogens and preventing production of autoreactive B cells during development. Currently defined functions of Fc receptor-like (FCRL) 1 include positive regulation of BCR-induced calcium flux, proliferation, and Ab production; however, the mechanistic basis of FCRL1 signaling and its contributions to B cell development remain undefined. Molecular characterization of FCRL1 signaling shows phosphotyrosine-dependent associations with GRB2, GRAP, SHIP-1, and SOS1, all of which can profoundly influence MAPK signaling. In contrast with previous characterizations of FCRL1 as a strictly activating receptor, we discover a role for FCRL1 in suppressing ERK activation under homeostatic and BCR-stimulated conditions in a GRB2-dependent manner. Our analysis of B cells in Fcrl1 -/- mice shows that ERK suppression by FCRL1 is associated with a restriction in the number of cells surviving splenic maturation in vivo. The capacity of FCRL1 to modulate ERK activation presents a potential for FCRL1 to be a regulator of peripheral B cell tolerance, homeostasis, and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M DeLuca
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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11
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Phalke S, Aviszus K, Rubtsova K, Rubtsov A, Barkes B, Powers L, Warner B, Crooks JL, Kappler JW, Fernández-Pérez ER, Maier LA, Hamzeh N, Marrack P. Age-associated B Cells Appear in Patients with Granulomatous Lung Diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1013-1023. [PMID: 32501729 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2151oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A subpopulation of B cells (age-associated B cells [ABCs]) is increased in mice and humans with infections or autoimmune diseases. Because depletion of these cells might be valuable in patients with certain lung diseases, the goal was to find out if ABC-like cells were at elevated levels in such patients.Objectives: To measure ABC-like cell percentages in patients with lung granulomatous diseases.Methods: Peripheral blood and BAL cells from patients with sarcoidosis, beryllium sensitivity, or hypersensitivity pneumonitis and healthy subjects were analyzed for the percentage of B cells that were ABC-like, defined by expression of CD11c, low levels of CD21, FcRL 1-5 (Fc receptor-like protein 1-5) expression, and, in some cases, T-bet.Measurements and Main Results: ABC-like cells in blood were at low percentages in healthy subjects and higher percentages in patients with sarcoidosis as well as at high percentages among BAL cells of patients with sarcoidosis, beryllium disease, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Treatment of patients with sarcoidosis led to reduced percentages of ABC-like cells in blood.Conclusions: Increased levels of ABC-like cells in patients with sarcoidosis may be useful in diagnosis. The increase in percentage of ABC-like cells in patients with lung granulomatous diseases and decrease in treated patients suggests that depletion of these cells may be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Linda Powers
- Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brenda Warner
- Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - James L Crooks
- Department of Biomedical Research.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - John W Kappler
- Department of Biomedical Research.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Nabeel Hamzeh
- Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Biomedical Research.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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12
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Davis RS. Roles for the FCRL6 Immunoreceptor in Tumor Immunology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575175. [PMID: 33162991 PMCID: PMC7591390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Fc receptor-like (FCRL1-6) gene family encode transmembrane glycoproteins that are preferentially expressed by B cells and generally repress responses via cytoplasmic tyrosine-based regulation. Given their distribution and function, there is a growing appreciation for their roles in lymphoproliferative disorders and as immunotherapeutic targets. In contrast to FCRL1-5, FCRL6 is distinctly expressed outside the B lineage by cytotoxic T and NK lymphocytes. Its restricted expression by these orchestrators of cell-mediated immunity, along with its inhibitory properties and extracellular interactions with MHCII/HLA-DR, represent a newly appreciated axis with relevance in tolerance and cancer defense. The significance of FCRL6 in this arena has been recently demonstrated by its upregulation in HLA-DR+ tumor samples from melanoma, breast, and lung cancer patients who relapsed following PD-1 blockade. These findings imply a potential mechanistic role for FCRL6 in adaptive evasion to immune checkpoint therapy. Here we review these new developments in the FCRL field and identify new evidence for the prognostic significance of FCRL6 in malignancies that collectively indicate its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Davis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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13
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Palli R, Seaton KE, Piepenbrink MS, Hural J, Goepfert PA, Laher F, Buchbinder SP, Churchyard G, Gray GE, Robinson HL, Huang Y, Janes H, Kobie JJ, Keefer MC, Tomaras GD, Thakar J. Impact of vaccine type on HIV-1 vaccine elicited antibody durability and B cell gene signature. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13031. [PMID: 32747654 PMCID: PMC7398916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacious HIV-1 vaccination requires elicitation of long-lived antibody responses. However, our understanding of how different vaccine types elicit durable antibody responses is lacking. To assess the impact of vaccine type on antibody responses, we measured IgG isotypes against four consensus HIV antigens from 2 weeks to 10 years post HIV-1 vaccination and used mixed effects models to estimate half-life of responses in four human clinical trials. Compared to protein-boosted regimens, half-lives of gp120-specific antibodies were longer but peak magnitudes were lower in Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-boosted regimens. Furthermore, gp120-specific B cell transcriptomics from MVA-boosted and protein-boosted vaccines revealed a distinct signature at a peak (2 weeks after last vaccination) including CD19, CD40, and FCRL2-5 activation along with increased B cell receptor signaling. Additional analysis revealed contributions of RIG-I-like receptor pathway and genes such as SMAD5 and IL-32 to antibody durability. Thus, this study provides novel insights into vaccine induced antibody durability and B-cell receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Palli
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael S Piepenbrink
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Fatima Laher
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan P Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Holly Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - James J Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael C Keefer
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
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14
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Kim CC, Baccarella AM, Bayat A, Pepper M, Fontana MF. FCRL5 + Memory B Cells Exhibit Robust Recall Responses. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1446-1460.e4. [PMID: 31042472 PMCID: PMC6530801 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FCRL5+ atypical memory B cells (atMBCs) expand in many chronic human infections, including recurrent malaria, but studies have drawn opposing conclusions about their function. Here, in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi, we demonstrate expansion of an antigen-specific FCRL5+ population that is distinct from previously described FCRL5+ innate-like murine subsets. Comparative analyses reveal overlapping phenotypic and transcriptomic signatures between FCRL5+ B cells from Plasmodium-infected mice and atMBCs from Plasmodium-exposed humans. In infected mice, FCRL5 is expressed on the majority of antigen-specific germinal-center-derived memory B cells (MBCs). Upon challenge, FCRL5+ MBCs rapidly give rise to antibody-producing cells expressing additional atypical markers, demonstrating functionality in vivo. Moreover, atypical markers are expressed on antigen-specific MBCs generated by immunization in both mice and humans, indicating that the atypical phenotype is not restricted to chronic settings. This study resolves conflicting interpretations of atMBC function and suggests FCRL5+ B cells as an attractive target for vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Kim
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alyssa M Baccarella
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aqieda Bayat
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mary F Fontana
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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15
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Honjo K, Won WJ, King RG, Ianov L, Crossman DK, Easlick JL, Shakhmatov MA, Khass M, Vale AM, Stephan RP, Li R, Davis RS. Fc Receptor-Like 6 (FCRL6) Discloses Progenitor B Cell Heterogeneity That Correlates With Pre-BCR Dependent and Independent Pathways of Natural Antibody Selection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:82. [PMID: 32117244 PMCID: PMC7033751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B-1a cells produce "natural" antibodies (Abs) to neutralize pathogens and clear neo self-antigens, but the fundamental selection mechanisms that shape their polyreactive repertoires are poorly understood. Here, we identified a B cell progenitor subset defined by Fc receptor-like 6 (FCRL6) expression, harboring innate-like defense, migration, and differentiation properties conducive for natural Ab generation. Compared to FCRL6- pro B cells, the repressed mitotic, DNA damage repair, and signaling activity of FCRL6+ progenitors, yielded VH repertoires with biased distal Ighv segment accessibility, constrained diversity, and hydrophobic and charged CDR-H3 sequences. Beyond nascent autoreactivity, VH11 productivity, which predominates phosphatidylcholine-specific B-1a B cell receptors (BCRs), was higher for FCRL6+ cells as was pre-BCR formation, which was required for Myc induction and VH11, but not VH12, B-1a development. Thus, FCRL6 revealed unexpected heterogeneity in the developmental origins, regulation, and selection of natural Abs at the pre-BCR checkpoint with implications for autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/immunology
- Antibodies/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphatidylcholines/immunology
- Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Fc/genetics
- Receptors, Fc/immunology
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Honjo
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Woong-Jai Won
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rodney G. King
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lara Ianov
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Juliet L. Easlick
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mikhail A. Shakhmatov
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mohamed Khass
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andre M. Vale
- Program in Immunobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robert P. Stephan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Randall S. Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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16
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Franco A, Kraus Z, Li H, Seibert N, Dement-Brown J, Tolnay M. CD21 and FCRL5 form a receptor complex with robust B-cell activating capacity. Int Immunol 2019; 30:569-578. [PMID: 30107486 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell response to antigen is critically regulated by co-receptors. CD21 (complement receptor 2) amplifies the response to antigen linked to its ligands, specific C3 fragments. In contrast, human Fc receptor-like 5 (FCRL5), a novel IgG receptor, was reported to inhibit B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Here, we show that CD21 and FCRL5 physically associate, suggesting that immune complexes containing both C3 fragment and IgG could simultaneously engage the pre-assembled receptors. We found that activating signaling molecules such as CD19, active PLCγ2 and BTK were rapidly recruited to FCRL5 upon engagement, suggesting a novel activating function for FCRL5. We confirmed that FCRL5 through its ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) inhibited BCR signaling in the absence of CD21 stimulation. In contrast, triple engagement of FCRL5, CD21 and the BCR led to a superior calcium response compared to CD21 and BCR co-stimulation, in both cell lines and tonsil B cells. Furthermore, the novel activating function was independent of established FCRL5 signaling motifs. While human peripheral B cells express either FCRL5 or CD21, we identified a sizable subset of tonsil B cells which co-express the two receptors. We propose that FCRL5 has dual signaling capacity, while CD21 co-engagement serves as molecular switch, converting FCRL5 from a negative to a positive co-receptor. In tissues, B cells that co-express FCRL5 and CD21 could robustly respond to IgG immune complexes loaded with C3 fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Franco
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Kraus
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Huifang Li
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Jessica Dement-Brown
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mate Tolnay
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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17
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Pérez-Mazliah D, Gardner PJ, Schweighoffer E, McLaughlin S, Hosking C, Tumwine I, Davis RS, Potocnik AJ, Tybulewicz VL, Langhorne J. Plasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are short-lived activated B cells. eLife 2018; 7:39800. [PMID: 30387712 PMCID: PMC6242553 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of atypical memory B cells accumulates in malaria and several infections, autoimmune disorders and aging in both humans and mice. It has been suggested these cells are exhausted long-lived memory B cells, and their accumulation may contribute to poor acquisition of long-lasting immunity to certain chronic infections, such as malaria and HIV. Here, we generated an immunoglobulin heavy chain knock-in mouse with a BCR that recognizes MSP1 of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi. In combination with a mosquito-initiated P. chabaudi infection, we show that Plasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are short-lived and disappear upon natural resolution of chronic infection. These cells show features of activation, proliferation, DNA replication, and plasmablasts. Our data demonstrate that Plasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are not a subset of long-lived memory B cells, but rather short-lived activated cells, and part of a physiologic ongoing B-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Gardner
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Randall S Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Alexandre J Potocnik
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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18
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Rostamzadeh D, Kazemi T, Amirghofran Z, Shabani M. Update on Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family: new immunoregulatory players in health and diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:487-502. [PMID: 29737217 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1472768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules, as recently identified members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), are preferentially expressed by B-cells. They have variable number of extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and cytoplasmic activating ITAMs and/or inhibitory ITIMs. FCRL1-5 are dominantly expressed in different stages of B-cells development. But, FCRL6 is preferentially expressed in different subsets of T-cells and NK cells. FCRL1-5 could regulate different features of B-cell evolution such as development, differentiation, activation, antibody secretion and isotype switching. Areas covered: Improved understanding of FCRL expression may grant B-cells and finally its signaling pathways, alone or in cooperation with other signaling molecules, as interesting new targets for diagnostic, monitoring and immunotherapeutic modalities; although further investigations remain to be defined. Recent investigations on different family members of FCRL proteins have substantiated their differential expression on different tissues, malignancies, immune related disease and infectious diseases. Expert opinion: FCRLs restricted expressions in normal B-cells and T-cell subsets accompanied with their overexpression in B-cell malignancies introduce them as logical candidates for the development of antibody- and cell-based immunotherapy approaches in B-cell malignancies, immune-mediated and infectious diseases. FCRLs would be applied as attractive and specific targets for immunodiagnostic approaches, clinical prognosis as well as disease monitoring of relevant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Rostamzadeh
- a Drug Applied Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- b Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- c Department of Immunology, Medical School , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.,d Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- e Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,f Monoclonal Antibody Research Center , Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
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19
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Cheng HD, Stöckmann H, Adamczyk B, McManus CA, Ercan A, Holm IA, Rudd PM, Ackerman ME, Nigrovic PA. High-throughput characterization of the functional impact of IgG Fc glycan aberrancy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Glycobiology 2017; 27:1099-1108. [PMID: 28973482 PMCID: PMC5881781 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) encompasses all forms of chronic idiopathic arthritis that arise before age 16. Previous studies have found JIA to be associated with lower Fc galactosylation of circulating IgG, but the overall spectrum of glycan changes and the net impact on IgG function are unknown. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), we compared IgG glycosylation in 54 subjects with recent-onset untreated JIA with 98 healthy pediatric controls, paired to biophysical profiling of affinity for 20 IgG receptors using a high-throughput multiplexed microsphere assay. Patients with JIA exhibited an increase in hypogalactosylated and hyposialylated IgG glycans, but no change in fucosylation or bisection, together with alteration in the spectrum of IgG ligand binding. Supervised machine learning demonstrated a robust capacity to discriminate JIA subjects from controls using either glycosylation or binding data. The binding signature was driven predominantly by enhanced affinity for Fc receptor like protein 5 (FcRL5), a noncanonical Fc receptor expressed on B cells. Affinity for FcRL5 correlated inversely with galactosylation and sialylation, a relationship confirmed through enzymatic manipulation. These results demonstrate the capacity of combined structural and biophysical IgG phenotyping to define the overall functional impact of IgG glycan changes and implicate FcRL5 as a potential cellular sensor of IgG glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao D Cheng
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Ciara A McManus
- NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Altan Ercan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid A Holm
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Getahun A, Cambier JC. Of ITIMs, ITAMs, and ITAMis: revisiting immunoglobulin Fc receptor signaling. Immunol Rev 2016; 268:66-73. [PMID: 26497513 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for immunoglobulin Fc regions play multiple critical roles in the immune system, mediating functions as diverse as phagocytosis, triggering degranulation of basophils and mast cells, promoting immunoglobulin class switching, and preventing excessive activation. Transmembrane signaling associated with these functions is mediated primarily by two amino acid sequence motifs, ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs) and ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs) that act as the receptors' interface with activating and inhibitory signaling pathways, respectively. While ITAMs mobilize activating tyrosine kinases and their consorts, ITIMs mobilize opposing tyrosine and inositol-lipid phosphatases. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of signaling by these receptors/motifs and their sometimes blurred lines of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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21
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Fc Receptors and Fc Receptor-Like Molecules within the Immunoreceptor Family. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7152311 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.02017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (FcRs) account for most cell-mediated biological activities of antibodies. The majority of FcRs are encoded by a set of genes, clustered in the fcr locus, on chromosome 1 in humans and on chromosome 1 and 3 in mice. Eight (in humans) and six (in mice) new genes were found, intermixed with FcR genes in corresponding fcr loci, which encode FcR-like molecules (FcRLs). FcRs and FcRLs are genetically, phylogenetically, structurally, and functionally related. FcRs and FcRLs, however, markedly differ by their ligands, their tissue distribution, and, therefore, by the biological functions they control. A systematic comparison of their biological properties leads to the conclusion that FcRLs are not like FcRs. They altogether form a single family within the immunoreceptor family, whose members fulfill distinct but complementary roles in immunity by differentially controlling innate and adaptive responses.
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22
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Liu Y, Bezverbnaya K, Zhao T, Parsons MJ, Shi M, Treanor B, Ehrhardt GRA. Involvement of the HCK and FGR src-family kinases in FCRL4-mediated immune regulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5851-60. [PMID: 25972488 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
FCRL4 is an immunoregulatory receptor expressed by a subpopulation of memory B cells. These tissue-based cells express increased levels of the src-family kinases HCK and FGR. In this study, we investigate the roles of these src-family kinases in FCRL4-mediated immunoregulation of B cells in the context of previously unrecognized palmitoylation of the receptor. We observed enhanced phosphorylation of FCRL4 on tyrosine residues in the presence of the HCK p59 or FGR. This phosphorylation was markedly reduced in assays using a palmitoylation-defective mutant of FCRL4. In reporter gene studies, we observe that FCRL4 expression enhances CpG-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling. Surprisingly, using a reporter gene linked to activation of the MAPK substrate Elk-1 in response to Ag receptor ligation, we find that FCRL4 has inhibitory activity in cells coexpressing FGR but an activating function in cells coexpressing HCK p59. We provide evidence that in primary memory B cells, expression of FCRL4 leads to increased expression of IL-10 in the presence of FGR or HCK p59 in response to CpG, but increased levels of IFN-γ only in the context of coexpression of FGR. Our study supports the specific requirement of HCK p59 and FGR src-family kinases for FCRL4-mediated immunomodulatory activity and indicates that palmitoylation serves as an additional level of regulatory control of FCRL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Ksenia Bezverbnaya
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Marion J Parsons
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Bebhinn Treanor
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Götz R A Ehrhardt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
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23
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Abstract
Coelomic cavity–derived B-1 and splenic marginal zone (MZ) B lymphocytes play principal roles in frontline host protection at homeostasis and during primary humoral immune responses. Although they share many features that enable rapid and broad-based defense against pathogens, these innate-like subsets have disparate B cell receptor (BCR) signaling features. Members of the Fc receptor–like (FCRL) family are preferentially expressed by B cells and possess tyrosine-based immunoregulatory function. An unusual characteristic of many of these cell surface proteins is the presence of both inhibitory (ITIM) and activating (ITAM-like) motifs in their cytoplasmic tails. In mice, FCRL5 is a discrete marker of splenic MZ and peritoneal B-1 B cells and has both ITIM and ITAM-like sequences. Recent work explored its signaling properties and identified that FCRL5 differentially influences innate-like BCR function. Closer scrutiny of these differences disclosed the ability of FCRL5 to counter-regulate BCR activation by recruiting SHP-1 and Lyn to its cytoplasmic motifs. Furthermore, the disparity in FCRL5 regulation between MZ and B-1 B cells correlated with relative intracellular concentrations of SHP-1. These findings validate and extend our understanding of the unique signaling features in innate-like B cells and provide new insight into the complexity of FCRL modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Davis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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24
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Portugal S, Tipton CM, Sohn H, Kone Y, Wang J, Li S, Skinner J, Virtaneva K, Sturdevant DE, Porcella SF, Doumbo OK, Doumbo S, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Traore B, Sanz I, Pierce SK, Crompton PD. Malaria-associated atypical memory B cells exhibit markedly reduced B cell receptor signaling and effector function. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25955968 PMCID: PMC4444601 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria are only acquired after years of repeated infections. Chronic malaria exposure is associated with a large increase in atypical memory B cells (MBCs) that resemble B cells expanded in a variety of persistent viral infections. Understanding the function of atypical MBCs and their relationship to classical MBCs will be critical to developing effective vaccines for malaria and other chronic infections. We show that VH gene repertoires and somatic hypermutation rates of atypical and classical MBCs are indistinguishable indicating a common developmental history. Atypical MBCs express an array of inhibitory receptors and B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is stunted in atypical MBCs resulting in impaired B cell responses including proliferation, cytokine production and antibody secretion. Thus, in response to chronic malaria exposure, atypical MBCs appear to differentiate from classical MBCs becoming refractory to BCR-mediated activation and potentially interfering with the acquisition of malaria immunity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07218.001 The human immune system works to protect individuals from harmful microbes, such as the parasites that cause malaria. One line of defense is to produce a large array of proteins called antibodies that specifically bind to microbes to mark them for destruction by the immune system. The immune system also produces long-lived memory B cells that are able to mount a quicker and more effective antibody response if the microbe enters the body again. This means that most people only become ill with a particular disease the first time they encounter the microbe that causes it. However, malaria is unusual in that it can take many years of exposure to the parasite that causes it before an individual produces enough antibodies and memory B cells to be protected from the disease. There is also no vaccine that provides effective and long-lasting protection against malaria. Vaccinations rely on stimulating the body's natural defenses, and so understanding more about antibodies and memory B cells in relation to malaria may aid future efforts to develop a vaccine. Researchers have discovered that many of the memory B cells that accumulate in people who have been exposed to the malaria parasite over long-periods of time are different from the normal memory B cells. But it was not clear what role these ‘atypical’ cells play in immunity to malaria. To address this question, Portugal et al. studied the genetics and activity of B cells collected from children and adults living in Mali who—by living in a region where malaria is common—had been repeatedly exposed to the parasite. The experiments indicate that atypical and normal memory B cells both develop from the same precursor cells. However, the genes that are active in each cell type are different, resulting in the atypical cells being less able to respond to the parasite than the normal memory B cells. Portugal et al.'s findings suggest that the atypical cells develop from normal memory B cells during long-term exposure to malaria, which may delay the development of immunity to this disease. Future challenges include understanding what drives the formation of the atypical memory B cells in malaria, and finding out why they are less active than the normal cells. This could aid the development of vaccines and/or therapies that restore their activity in patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07218.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Haewon Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Younoussou Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Shanping Li
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Kimmo Virtaneva
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory Research Technologies Section, Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, United States
| | - Daniel E Sturdevant
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory Research Technologies Section, Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, United States
| | - Stephen F Porcella
- Rocky Mountain Laboratory Research Technologies Section, Genomics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, United States
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Safiatou Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kassoum Kayentao
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Aissata Ongoiba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Boubacar Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Inaki Sanz
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Susan K Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, United States
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25
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Ramirez GA, Maugeri N, Sabbadini MG, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Intravascular immunity as a key to systemic vasculitis: a work in progress, gaining momentum. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 175:150-66. [PMID: 24128276 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular inflammation contributes to the defence against invading microbes and to the repair of injured tissues. In most cases it resolves before becoming apparent. Vasculitis comprises heterogeneous clinical entities that are characterized by the persistence of vascular inflammation after it has served its homeostatic function. Most underlying mechanisms have so far remained elusive. Intravascular immunity refers to the surveillance of the vasculature by leucocytes that sense microbial or sterile threats to vessel integrity and initiate protective responses that entail most events that determine the clinical manifestations of vasculitis, such as end-organ ischaemia, neutrophil extracellular traps generation and thrombosis, leucocyte extravasation and degranulation. Understanding how the resolution of vascular inflammation goes awry in patients with systemic vasculitis will facilitate the identification of novel pharmacological targets and bring us a step closer in each patient to the selection of more effective and less toxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Ramirez
- Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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26
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Gillis C, Gouel-Chéron A, Jönsson F, Bruhns P. Contribution of Human FcγRs to Disease with Evidence from Human Polymorphisms and Transgenic Animal Studies. Front Immunol 2014; 5:254. [PMID: 24910634 PMCID: PMC4038777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activities of human IgG antibodies predominantly rely on a family of receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, FcγRs: FcγRI, FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB, FcγRIIC, FcγRIIIA, FcγRIIIB, FcRL5, FcRn, and TRIM21. All FcγRs bind IgG at the cell surface, except FcRn and TRIM21 that bind IgG once internalized. The affinity of FcγRs for IgG is determined by polymorphisms of human FcγRs and ranges from 2 × 104 to 8 × 107 M−1. The biological functions of FcγRs extend from cellular activation or inhibition, IgG-internalization/endocytosis/phagocytosis to IgG transport and recycling. This review focuses on human FcγRs and intends to present an overview of the current understanding of how these receptors may contribute to various pathologies. It will define FcγRs and their polymorphic variants, their affinity for human IgG subclasses, and review the associations found between FcγR polymorphisms and human pathologies. It will also describe the human FcγR-transgenic mice that have been used to study the role of these receptors in autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Gillis
- Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France ; U760, INSERM , Paris , France
| | - Aurélie Gouel-Chéron
- Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France ; U760, INSERM , Paris , France ; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital of Bichat-Claude Bernard, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris , Paris , France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France ; U760, INSERM , Paris , France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France ; U760, INSERM , Paris , France
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27
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Terrier B, Nagata S, Ise T, Rosenzwajg M, Pastan I, Klatzmann D, Saadoun D, Cacoub P. CD21(-/low) marginal zone B cells highly express Fc receptor-like 5 protein and are killed by anti-Fc receptor-like 5 immunotoxins in hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:433-43. [PMID: 24504816 DOI: 10.1002/art.38222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders, including mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) vasculitis and B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The expansion of clonal and autoreactive rheumatoid factor-bearing CD21(-/low) marginal zone (MZ) B cells was demonstrated in patients with HCV-associated MC vasculitis. Fc receptor-like (FCRL) proteins comprise a family of immunoregulatory proteins preferentially expressed on B lineage cells. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of FCRL proteins 1-5 on B cells from patients with HCV-associated MC vasculitis. METHODS Expression of FCRL proteins 1-5 was assessed by flow cytometry on B cells from 15 HCV-infected patients with type II MC (7 of whom had B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), 20 HCV-infected patients without MC, and 20 healthy donors. To evaluate FCRL-5 as an immunotherapy target in HCV-associated MC vasculitis, 2 anti-FCRL-5 recombinant immunotoxins were produced using anti-FCRL-5 monoclonal antibodies and Pseudomonas exotoxin. RESULTS Expression of FCRLs 2, 3, and 5 was markedly increased while expression of FCRL-1 was decreased on clonal CD21(-/low) MZ B cells, as compared with other B cell subsets, from HCV-infected patients and healthy donors. However, there was no difference in the pattern of FCRL expression between HCV-MC patients with lymphoma and those without lymphoma. The anti-FCRL-5 immunotoxins showed specific cytotoxicity against FCRL-5-expressing clonal CD21(-/low) MZ B cells isolated from HCV-infected patients as well as FCRL-5-transfected cell lines. No cytotoxicity against T cells or conventional B cells was observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that FCRL-5-targeting therapies could be a specific treatment for HCV-associated MC vasculitis and other FCRL-5-positive autoimmune B cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Terrier
- UMR CNRS 7211, INSERM U959, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, Paris, France
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28
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Li FJ, Won WJ, Becker EJ, Easlick JL, Tabengwa EM, Li R, Shakhmatov M, Honjo K, Burrows PD, Davis RS. Emerging roles for the FCRL family members in lymphocyte biology and disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 382:29-50. [PMID: 25116094 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the extended Fc receptor-like (FCRL) family in humans and mice are preferentially expressed by B cells and possess tyrosine-based immunoregulatory function. Although the majority of these proteins repress B cell receptor-mediated activation, there is an emerging evidence for their bifunctionality and capacity to counter-regulate adaptive and innate signaling pathways. In light of these findings, the recent discovery of ligands for several of these molecules has begun to reveal exciting potential for them in normal lymphocyte biology and is launching a new phase of FCRL investigation. Importantly, these fundamental developments are also setting the stage for defining their altered roles in the pathogenesis of a growing number of immune-mediated diseases. Here we review recent advances in the FCRL field and highlight the significance of these intriguing receptors in normal and perturbed immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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29
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Li FJ, Schreeder DM, Li R, Wu J, Davis RS. FCRL3 promotes TLR9-induced B-cell activation and suppresses plasma cell differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2980-92. [PMID: 23857366 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fc receptor-like (FCRL) molecules are preferentially expressed by B lymphocytes and possess tyrosine-based immunoregulatory function. Although they generally inhibit B-cell receptor signaling, their influence on other activation pathways remains largely unexplored. In humans, FCRL3 encodes a type I transmembrane protein harboring both cytoplasmic ITAM and ITIM elements that can repress B-cell receptor activation. Despite this inhibitory property, mounting associations for FCRL3 with autoimmune and lympho-proliferative disorders imply a role for it in promoting B-cell pathogenesis. Here, we explore the influence of FCRL3 on B-cell responses to innate TLR9 stimulation. A detailed survey of blood B-cell populations found that FCRL3 expression increased as a function of differentiation and was higher among memory subsets with innate-like features. FCRL3 ligation augmented CpG oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9-mediated B-cell proliferation, activation, and survival, but surprisingly, abrogated plasma cell differentiation and antibody production. Although FCRL3 amplified the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, it halted CpG triggered BLIMP1 induction in an ERK-dependent fashion. These findings indicate that FCRL3 differentially modulates innate signaling in B cells and provide new insight into the potential of this disease-associated receptor to counter-regulate adaptive and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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