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Bielawiec P, Dziemitko S, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Sztolsztener K, Chabowski A, Harasim-Symbor E. Cannabigerol-A useful agent restoring the muscular phospholipids milieu in obese and insulin-resistant Wistar rats? Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1401558. [PMID: 38919749 PMCID: PMC11196617 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1401558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous strategies have been proposed to minimize obesity-associated health effects, among which phytocannabinoids appear to be effective and safe compounds. In particular, cannabigerol (CBG) emerges as a potent modulator of the composition of membrane phospholipids (PLs), which plays a critical role in the development of insulin resistance. Therefore, here we consider the role of CBG treatment on the composition of PLs fraction with particular emphasis on phospholipid subclasses (e.g., phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI)) in the red gastrocnemius muscle of Wistar rats fed the standard or high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. The intramuscular PLs content was determined by gas-liquid chromatography and based on the composition of individual FAs, we assessed the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) index as well as the activity of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) pathways. Expression of various proteins engaged in the inflammatory pathway, FAs elongation, and desaturation processes was measured using Western blotting. Our research has demonstrated the important association of obesity with alterations in the composition of muscular PLs, which was significantly improved by CBG supplementation, enriching the lipid pools in n-3 PUFAs and decreasing the content of arachidonic acid (AA), which in turn influenced the activity of PUFAs pathways in various PLs subclasses. CBG also inhibited the local inflammation development and profoundly reduced the SCD1 activity. Collectively, restoring the PLs homeostasis of the myocyte membrane by CBG indicates its new potential medical application in the treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Bielawiec
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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2
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Zhang T, Xie L, Guo Y, Wang Z, Guo X, Liu R, Jin Q, Chang M, Wang X. 4,4-Dimethylsterols Reduces Fat Accumulation via Inhibiting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase In Vitro and In Vivo. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0377. [PMID: 38812531 PMCID: PMC11134202 DOI: 10.34133/research.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
4,4-Dimethylsterols constitute a unique class of phytosterols responsible for regulating endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) functions. However, precise mechanism through which 4,4-dimethylsterols affect fat metabolism and the linkage to the ECS remain unresolved. In this study, we identified that 4,4-dimethylsterols, distinct from 4-demethseterols, act as inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolases (FAAHs) both in vivo and in vitro. Genetic ablation of FAAHs (faah-1) abolishes the effects of 4,4-dimethylsterols on fat accumulation and locomotion behavior in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. We confirmed that dietary intervention with 4,4-dimethylsterols in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model leads to a significant reduction in body weight (>11.28%) with improved lipid profiles in the liver and adipose tissues and increased fecal triacylglycerol excretion. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics further verified that 4,4-dimethylsterols influence unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and elevate oleoyl ethanolamine levels in the intestine. We propose a potential molecular mechanism in which 4,4-dimethylsterols engage in binding interactions with the catalytic pocket (Ser241) of FAAH-1 protein due to the shielded polarity, arising from the presence of 2 additional methyl groups (CH3). Consequently, 4,4-dimethylsterols represent an unexplored class of beneficial phytosterols that coordinate with FAAH-1 activity to reduce fat accumulation, which offers new insight into intervention strategies for treating diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liangliang Xie
- School of Biological and Food Engineering,
Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhangtie Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Food Science,
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ruijie Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ming Chang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,
Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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3
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Cilenti L, Di Gregorio J, Mahar R, Liu F, Ambivero CT, Periasamy M, Merritt ME, Zervos AS. Inactivation of mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase deregulates mitophagy and prevents diet-induced obesity in mice. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1397565. [PMID: 38725872 PMCID: PMC11079312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1397565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic affecting millions of people worldwide and a major risk factor for a multitude of chronic diseases and premature mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondria have a profound role in diet-induced obesity and the associated metabolic changes, but the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondria to obesity remain poorly understood. Our studies have identified a new function for mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase, a protein known to regulate mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, in the control of energy metabolism and lipogenesis. Genetic deletion of Mul1 in mice impedes mitophagy and presents a metabolic phenotype that is resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. Several metabolic and lipidomic pathways are perturbed in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Mul1(-/-) animals on HFD, including the one driven by Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1), a pivotal regulator of lipid metabolism and obesity. In addition, key enzymes crucial for lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation such as ACC1, FASN, AMPK, and CPT1 are also modulated in the absence of MUL1. The concerted action of these enzymes, in the absence of MUL1, results in diminished fat storage and heightened fatty acid oxidation. Our findings underscore the significance of MUL1-mediated mitophagy in regulating lipogenesis and adiposity, particularly in the context of HFD. Consequently, our data advocate the potential of MUL1 as a therapeutic target for drug development in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cilenti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Department of Chemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Fei Liu
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Camilla T. Ambivero
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Matthew E. Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Antonis S. Zervos
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
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4
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Hu AJ, Li W, Dinh C, Zhang Y, Hu JK, Daniele SG, Hou X, Yang Z, Asara JM, Hu GF, Farmer SR, Hu MG. CDK6 inhibits de novo lipogenesis in white adipose tissues but not in the liver. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1091. [PMID: 38316780 PMCID: PMC10844593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in white adipose tissue is associated with insulin sensitivity. Under both Normal-Chow-Diet and High-Fat-Diet, mice expressing a kinase inactive Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6) allele (K43M) display an increase in DNL in visceral white adipose tissues (VAT) as compared to wild type mice (WT), accompanied by markedly increased lipogenic transcriptional factor Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding proteins (CHREBP) and lipogenic enzymes in VAT but not in the liver. Treatment of WT mice under HFD with a CDK6 inhibitor recapitulates the phenotypes observed in K43M mice. Mechanistically, CDK6 phosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase, leading to phosphorylation and inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key enzyme in DNL. CDK6 also phosphorylates CHREBP thus preventing its entry into the nucleus. Ablation of runt related transcription factor 1 in K43M mature adipocytes reverses most of the phenotypes observed in K43M mice. These results demonstrate a role of CDK6 in DNL and a strategy to alleviate metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Calvin Dinh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie K Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dermatology. 1295 NW 14th St. University of Miami Hospital South Bldg. Suites K-M, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stefano G Daniele
- Yale School of Medicine, MD-PhD program, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Center for Analysis and Testing, 548 Bin-Wen Road, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- TUFTS University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, TUFTS University, 150 Harrison Avenue, MA, Boston, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guo-Fu Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R Farmer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 72E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Lopez-Cortes OD, Trujillo-Sánchez F, Sierra-Ruelas E, Martinez-Lopez E, Di Marzo V, Vizmanos B. Association between the FAAH C385A variant (rs324420) and obesity-related traits: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:188-201. [PMID: 38114812 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are the consequence of a sustained positive energy balance. Twin studies show high heritability rates pointing to genetics as one of the principal risk factors. By 2022, genomic studies led to the identification of almost 300 obesity-associated variants that could help to fill the gap of the high heritability rates. The endocannabinoid system is a critical regulator of metabolism for its effects on the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a key enzyme in the inactivation of one of the two endocannabinoids, anandamide, and of its congeners. The rs324420 variant within the FAAH gene is a nucleotide missense change at position 385 from cytosine to adenine, resulting in a non-synonymous amino acid substitution from proline to threonine in the FAAH enzyme. This change increases sensitivity to proteolytic degradation, leading to reduced FAAH levels and increased levels of anandamide, associated with obesity-related traits. However, association studies of this variant with metabolic parameters have found conflicting results. This work aims to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on the association of the rs324420 variant in the FAAH gene with obesity and its related traits. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 645 eligible studies were identified for the review. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS After the identification, duplicate elimination, title and abstract screening, and full-text evaluation, 28 studies were included, involving 28 183 individuals. We show some evidence of associations between the presence of the variant allele and higher body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass, and waist-to-hip ratio levels and alterations in glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, this evidence should be taken with caution, as many included studies did not report a significant difference between genotypes. These discordant results could be explained mainly by the pleiotropy of the endocannabinoid system, the increase of other anandamide-like mediators metabolized by FAAH, and the influence of gene-environment interactions. More research is necessary to study the endocannabinoidomic profiles and their association with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar David Lopez-Cortes
- Licenciatura en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico
- Canada Excellence Research Chair in Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Francisco Trujillo-Sánchez
- Licenciatura en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico
| | - Erika Sierra-Ruelas
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico
| | - Erika Martinez-Lopez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Canada Excellence Research Chair in Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico.
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico.
- Departamento de Clínicas de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico.
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44320, Mexico.
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6
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Qian X, Lei H, Zhou X, Zhang L, Cui W, Zhou J, Xin F, Dong W, Jiang M, Ochsenreither K. Engineering Scheffersomyces segobiensis for palmitoleic acid-rich lipid production. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14301. [PMID: 37351580 PMCID: PMC10832558 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA; C16:1) is an essential high-value ω-7-conjugated fatty acid with beneficial bioactivities and potential applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Previously, the oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM27193 has been identified as a promising production host as an alternative for POA extraction from plant or animal sources. Here, the POA-producing capacity of this host was further expanded by optimizing the fermentation process and molecular strain engineering. Specifically, a dual fermentation strategy (O-S dynamic regulation strategy) focused on the substrate and dissolved oxygen concentration was designed to eliminate ethanol and pyruvate accumulation during fermentation. Key genes influencing POA production, such as jen, dgat, ole were identified on the transcriptional level and were subsequently over-expressed. Furthermore, the phosphoketolase (Xpk)/phosphotransacetylase (Pta) pathway was introduced to improve the yield of the precursor acetyl-CoA from glucose. The resulting cell factory SS-12 produced 7.3 g/L of POA, corresponding to an 11-fold increase compared to the wild type, presenting the highest POA titre reported using oleaginous yeast to date. An economic evaluation based on the raw materials, utilities and facility-dependent costs showed that microbial POA production using S. segobiensis can supersede the current extraction method from plant oil and marine fish. This study reports the construction of a promising cell factory and an effective microbial fermentation strategy for commercial POA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Qian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Huirui Lei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Wenxing Cui
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical BiologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
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7
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhou D, Ye T, Zhou P, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Z, Hua T, Zhang Z, Sun Q. Swimming exercise ameliorates insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver by negatively regulating PPARγ transcriptional network in mice fed high fat diet. Mol Med 2023; 29:150. [PMID: 37907845 PMCID: PMC10617119 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings elucidated hepatic PPARγ functions as a steatogenic-inducer gene that activates de novo lipogenesis, and is involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipid accumulation, and inflammation response. This study delved into a comprehensive analysis of how PPARγ signaling affects the exercise-induced improvement of insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with its underlying mechanism. METHODS Chronic and acute swimming exercise intervention were conducted in each group mice. IR status was assessed by GTT and ITT assays. Serum inflammatory cytokines were detected by Elisa assays. PPARγ and its target genes expression were detected by qPCR assay. Relative protein levels were quantified via Western blotting. ChIP-qPCR assays were used to detect the enrichment of PPARγ on its target genes promoter. RESULTS Through an exploration of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR and NAFLD model, both chronic and acute swimming exercise training led to significant reductions in body weight and visceral fat mass, as well as hepatic lipid accumulation. The exercise interventions also demonstrated a significant amelioration in IR and the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, swimming exercise significantly inhibited PPARγ and its target genes expression induced by HFD, containing CD36, SCD1 and PLIN2. Furthermore, swimming exercise presented significant modulation on regulatory factors of PPARγ expression and transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that swimming exercise can improve lipid metabolism in IR and NAFLD, possibly through PPARγ signaling in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- the State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Puqing Zhou
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zuofeng Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- the State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zinan Wang
- the State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianmiao Hua
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
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8
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Myers MN, Abou-Rjeileh U, Chirivi M, Parales-Girón J, Lock AL, Tam J, Zachut M, Contreras GA. Cannabinoid-1 receptor activation modulates lipid mobilization and adipogenesis in the adipose tissue of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3650-3661. [PMID: 36907764 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Amplified adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis and suppressed lipogenesis characterize the periparturient period of dairy cows. The intensity of lipolysis recedes with the progression of lactation; however, when lipolysis is excessive and prolonged, disease risk is exacerbated and productivity compromised. Interventions that minimize lipolysis while maintaining adequate supply of energy and enhancing lipogenesis may improve periparturient cows' health and lactation performance. Cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) activation in rodent AT enhances the lipogenic and adipogenic capacity of adipocytes, yet the effects in dairy cow AT remain unknown. Using a synthetic CB1R agonist and an antagonist, we determined the effects of CB1R stimulation on lipolysis, lipogenesis, and adipogenesis in the AT of dairy cows. Adipose tissue explants were collected from healthy, nonlactating and nongestating (NLNG; n = 6) or periparturient (n = 12) cows at 1 wk before parturition and at 2 and 3 wk postpartum (PP1 and PP2, respectively). Explants were treated with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (1 μM) in the presence of the CB1R agonist arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) ± the CB1R antagonist rimonabant (RIM). Lipolysis was quantified based on glycerol release. We found that ACEA reduced lipolysis in NLNG cows; however, it did not exhibit a direct effect on AT lipolysis in periparturient cows. Inhibition of CB1R with RIM in postpartum cow AT did not alter lipolysis. To evaluate adipogenesis and lipogenesis, preadipocytes isolated from NLNG cows' AT were induced to differentiate in the presence or absence of ACEA ± RIM for 4 and 12 d. Live cell imaging, lipid accumulation, and expressions of key adipogenic and lipogenic markers were assessed. Preadipocytes treated with ACEA had higher adipogenesis, whereas ACEA+RIM reduced it. Adipocytes treated with ACEA and RIM for 12 d exhibited enhanced lipogenesis compared with untreated cells (control). Lipid content was reduced in ACEA+RIM but not with RIM alone. Collectively, our results support that lipolysis may be reduced by CB1R stimulation in NLNG cows but not in periparturient cows. In addition, our findings demonstrate that adipogenesis and lipogenesis are enhanced by activation of CB1R in the AT of NLNG dairy cows. In summary, we provide initial evidence which supports that the sensitivity of the AT endocannabinoid system to endocannabinoids, and its ability to modulate AT lipolysis, adipogenesis, and lipogenesis, vary based on dairy cows' lactation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Myers
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Ursula Abou-Rjeileh
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Miguel Chirivi
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Jair Parales-Girón
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Adam L Lock
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel 7505101
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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9
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Bielawiec P, Dziemitko S, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Chabowski A, Dzięcioł J, Harasim-Symbor E. Cannabidiol improves muscular lipid profile by affecting the expression of fatty acid transporters and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3694. [PMID: 36879113 PMCID: PMC9988888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the principal public health concerns leading to disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, which is a risk factor for several chronic diseases, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, it turned out that cannabidiol (CBD) is a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and its complications. Therefore, in the present study, we used CBD therapy (intraperitoneal injections in a dose of 10 mg/kg of body mass for 14 days) in a rat model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Gas-liquid chromatography and Western blotting were applied in order to determine the intramuscular lipid content and total expression of selected proteins in the white and red gastrocnemius muscle, respectively. Based on fatty acid composition, we calculated de novo lipogenesis ratio (16:0/18:2n-6), desaturation ratio (18:1n-9/18:0), and elongation ratios (18:0/16:0, 20:0/18:0, 22:0/20:0 and 24:0/22:0), in the selected lipid fractions. Two-week CBD administration significantly reduced the intramuscular fatty acids (FAs) accumulation and inhibited de novo lipogenesis in different lipid pools (in the free fatty acid, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol fractions) in both muscle types, which coincided with a decrease in the expression of membrane fatty acid transporters (fatty acid translocase, membrane-associated fatty acid binding protein, and fatty acid transport proteins 1 and 4). Moreover, CBD application profoundly improved the elongation and desaturation ratios, which was in line with downregulated expression of enzymes from the family of elongases and desaturases regardless of the metabolism presented by the muscle type. To our knowledge, this study is the first that outlines the novel effects of CBD action on skeletal muscle with different types of metabolism (oxidative vs. glycolytic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Bielawiec
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Dziemitko
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Janusz Dzięcioł
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Gan AM, Tracz-Gaszewska Z, Ellert-Miklaszewska A, Navrulin VO, Ntambi JM, Dobrzyn P. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Regulates Angiogenesis and Energy Metabolism in Ischemic Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810459. [PMID: 36142371 PMCID: PMC9499489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New blood vessel formation is a key component of the cardiac repair process after myocardial infarction (MI). Hypoxia following MI is a major driver of angiogenesis in the myocardium. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is the key regulator of proangiogenic signaling. The present study found that stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) significantly contributed to the induction of angiogenesis in the hypoxic myocardium independently of HIF1α expression. The pharmacological inhibition of SCD activity in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and SCD knockout in an animal model disturbed the expression and secretion of proangiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor-A, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and Rantes), metalloproteinase-9, and platelet-derived growth factor in ischemic cardiomyocytes. These disturbances affected the proangiogenic potential of ischemic cardiomyocytes after SCD depletion. Together with the most abundant SCD1 isoform, the heart-specific SCD4 isoform emerged as an important regulator of new blood vessel formation in the murine post-MI myocardium. We also provide evidence that SCD shapes energy metabolism of the ischemic heart by maintaining the shift from fatty acids to glucose as the substrate that is used for adenosine triphosphate production. Furthermore, we propose that the regulation of the proangiogenic properties of hypoxic cardiomyocytes by key modulators of metabolic signaling such as adenosine monophosphate kinase, protein kinase B (AKT), and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α depends on SCD to some extent. Thus, our results reveal a novel mechanism that links SCD to cardiac repair processes after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Gan
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ellert-Miklaszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Viktor O. Navrulin
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Leikin-Frenkel A, Cohen H, Keshet R, Shnerb-GanOr R, Kandel-Kfir M, Harari A, Hollander KS, Shaish A, Harats D, Kamari Y. The effect of α-linolenic acid enrichment in perinatal diets in preventing high fat diet-induced SCD1 increased activity and lipid disarray in adult offspring of low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLRKO) mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 184:102475. [PMID: 35940045 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of maternal perinatal dietary ALA enrichment on the high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid disarray in the adult offspring of low density lipoprotein receptor knock-out (LDLRKO) mice. Female LDLRKO mice received, during pregnancy and lactation, isocaloric diets with either corn oil, RD, or flax oil, ALA. The weaning offspring was given a regular chow diet for a washout period of eight weeks, which was followed by HFD for eight weeks. Plasma and liver lipids and SCD1 activity were then analyzed. The HFD-fed RD adult offspring had substantially higher plasma cholesterol levels than the HFD-fed ALA offspring (15.7 versus 9.7 mmole/l, p<0.00001) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (65.0 versus 23.9 mg/g lipids, p<0.00001). Liver lipids oleic acid (OA) content and monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids (MUFA/SAT) ratio, were two times lower in RD compared to ALA (p<0.0001). The threefold HFD-induced SCD1 raised activity (p<0.00001), and OA produced from SA, observed in RD adult offspring were prevented by perinatal ALA. In conclusion, the resilience of SCD1 to HFD- induced increased activity may account for the beneficial effects of perinatal ALA dietary enrichment in preventing NAFLD and hypercholesterolemia from occurring in adult LDLRKO offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leikin-Frenkel
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - H Cohen
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - R Keshet
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - R Shnerb-GanOr
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - M Kandel-Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - A Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - K S Hollander
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
| | - D Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Y Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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12
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Cannabinoids and Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169423. [PMID: 36012687 PMCID: PMC9408890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD), and viral hepatitis are the main causes of morbidity and mortality related to chronic liver diseases (CLDs) worldwide. New therapeutic approaches to prevent or reverse these liver disorders are thus emerging. Although their etiologies differ, these CLDs all have in common a significant dysregulation of liver metabolism that is closely linked to the perturbation of the hepatic endocannabinoid system (eCBS) and inflammatory pathways. Therefore, targeting the hepatic eCBS might have promising therapeutic potential to overcome CLDs. Experimental models of CLDs and observational studies in humans suggest that cannabis and its derivatives may exert hepatoprotective effects against CLDs through diverse pathways. However, these promising therapeutic benefits are not yet fully validated, as the few completed clinical trials on phytocannabinoids, which are thought to hold the most promising therapeutic potential (cannabidiol or tetrahydrocannabivarin), remained inconclusive. Therefore, expanding research on less studied phytocannabinoids and their derivatives, with a focus on their mode of action on liver metabolism, might provide promising advances in the development of new and original therapeutics for the management of CLDs, such as NAFLD, ALD, or even hepatitis C-induced liver disorders.
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PI(18:1/18:1) is a SCD1-derived lipokine that limits stress signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2982. [PMID: 35624087 PMCID: PMC9142606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic stress activates stress-activated kinases, initiates adaptive mechanisms, including the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, and induces programmed cell death. Fatty acid unsaturation, controlled by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)1, prevents cytotoxic stress but the mechanisms are diffuse. Here, we show that 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-myo-inositol) [PI(18:1/18:1)] is a SCD1-derived signaling lipid, which inhibits p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, counteracts UPR, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, and apoptosis, regulates autophagy, and maintains cell morphology and proliferation. SCD1 expression and the cellular PI(18:1/18:1) proportion decrease during the onset of cell death, thereby repressing protein phosphatase 2 A and enhancing stress signaling. This counter-regulation applies to mechanistically diverse death-inducing conditions and is found in multiple human and mouse cell lines and tissues of Scd1-defective mice. PI(18:1/18:1) ratios reflect stress tolerance in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, infection, high-fat diet, and immune aging. Together, PI(18:1/18:1) is a lipokine that links fatty acid unsaturation with stress responses, and its depletion evokes stress signaling. Fatty acid unsaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) protects against cellular stress through unclear mechanisms. Here the authors show 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-myo-inositol) is an SCD1-derived signaling lipid that regulates stress-adaption, protects against cell death and promotes proliferation.
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14
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Liu Y, Zhu R, Liu B, Wang W, Yang P, Cao Z, Yang X, Du W, Yang Q, Liang J, Hu J, Ma G. Antidiabetic Effect of Rehmanniae Radix Based on Regulation of TRPV1 and SCD1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875014. [PMID: 35694255 PMCID: PMC9178243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to disclose the antidiabetic mechanisms of Rehmanniae Radix (RR). Methods: The antidiabetic effect of RR was studied in Streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats and HepG2 cells with insulin resistance (IR). Antidiabetic targets and signaling pathways of RR were confirmed by the network pharmacology and transcriptome analysis as well as HK2 cells induced by high glucose (HG). Results: After the DM rats were administrated RR extract (RRE) for 4 weeks, their body weight was 10.70 ± 2.00% higher than those in the model group, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG), AUC of the oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin sensitivity test values were 73.23 ± 3.33%, 12.31 ± 2.29%, and 13.61 ± 5.60% lower in the RRE group, respectively. When compared with the model group, an increase of 45.76 ± 3.03% in the glucose uptake of HepG2 cells with IR was seen in the RRE group. The drug (RR)-components-disease (DM)-targets network with 18 components and 58 targets was established. 331 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. TRPV1 and SCD1 were important DEGs by the intersectional analysis of network pharmacology and renal transcriptome. The TRPV1 overexpression significantly inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress of the HK2 cells induced by HG, while SCD1 overexpression induced apoptosis and oxidative stress of the HK2 cells induced by low and high glucose. When compared to the HG group, the mRNA and protein expressions of TRPV1 in the presence of RRE (100 μg/ml) increased by 3.94 ± 0.08 and 2.83 ± 0.40 folds, respectively. Conclusion: In summary, RR displayed an inspiring antidiabetic effect by reducing FBG and IR, upregulating the mRNA and protein expressions of TRPV1, and downregulating mRNA expression of SCD1. Induction of TRPV1 and inhibition of SCD1 by RR was possibly one of its antidiabetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruizheng Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wandi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingru Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zhou L, Yang R, Tian H, Qin X, Ye C, Shi X, Xia C, Cai T, Xie Y, Jia Y, Hu G. Sexual dimorphism in Odontobutis sinensis brain-pituitary-gonad axis and liver highlighted by histological and transcriptomic approach. Gene 2022; 819:146264. [PMID: 35114283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, sexual dimorphism in Chinese dark sleeper (Odontobutis sinensis) brain-pituitary-gonad axis and liver was highlighted by histological and transcriptomic approach. The results showed that there were two significant differences between males and females. Firstly, males grew larger and faster than females. Transcriptomic analysis and qPCR validation indicated that two key growth genes, insulin-like growth factor (igf) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase (cyp27b), were more highly detected in male liver than that in female liver. Secondly, histological analysis displayed that the liver in males showed an obvious ivory fatty phenomenon with more fat vacuoles and lipid droplet aggregation compared to that in females. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the transcript level of vitellogenin (vtg) in male liver were significantly lower than that in female liver. After 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment of primary cultured hepatocytes, the vtg mRNA expression was induced significantly, while dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment had little effect on it. Generally, this study will provide some ideas for further exploring the mechanism of sexual dimorphism in Odontobutis sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruibin Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Engineering Research Center of Hydroecology Protection and Restoration, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiangfeng Qin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanhui Xia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianyi Cai
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongyi Jia
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China.
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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16
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Klepp T, Sloan M, Soundararajan S, Ramsden C, Cinar R, Schwandt M, Diazgranados N, Vatsalya V, Ramchandani V. Elevated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity is associated with alcohol-associated liver disease. Alcohol 2022; 102:51-57. [PMID: 35452750 PMCID: PMC9256783 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic binge drinking induces hepatic lipid accumulation, but only certain individuals develop alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Specific patterns of lipid accumulation are thought to be associated with ALD, but this has not been comprehensively investigated to date. We analyzed plasma fatty acid levels, quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in a sample of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Given that elevation in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are strongly associated with ALD, patients were stratified into two groups based on ALT levels: an ALD group (ALT >40 IU/L) and a non-ALD group (ALT ≤40 IU/L). There was a shift toward greater concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids in the ALD group compared to the non-ALD group. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity in the ALD group was then estimated as the ratio of palmitoleic acid (16:1) to palmitic acid (16:0). SCD1 activity was greater in the ALD than the non-ALD group. A series of linear regression models demonstrated that SCD1 activity mediated the association between binge drinking and ALD. These findings provide initial evidence that SCD1 activity may be associated with ALD. If validated prospectively, elevated SCD1 activity could potentially be used as a biomarker to identify individuals at high risk for developing ALD.
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Kunos G, Jourdan T, Tam J. Do endocannabinoids acting via hepatic CB-1 contribute to NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance? J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155330. [PMID: 34981780 PMCID: PMC8718143 DOI: 10.1172/jci155330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 "Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer" and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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18
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Wang S, Zhu Q, Liang G, Franks T, Boucher M, Bence KK, Lu M, Castorena CM, Zhao S, Elmquist JK, Scherer PE, Horton JD. Response to Kunos et al. and Lotersztajn and Mallat. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e156247. [PMID: 34981782 PMCID: PMC8718155 DOI: 10.1172/jci156247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guosheng Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tania Franks
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Magalie Boucher
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kendra K. Bence
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingjian Lu
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jay D. Horton
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Matheson J, Zhou XMM, Bourgault Z, Le Foll B. Potential of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH), Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL), and Diacylglycerol Lipase (DAGL) Enzymes as Targets for Obesity Treatment: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121316. [PMID: 34959715 PMCID: PMC8703892 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an integral role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and may affect hunger, caloric intake, and nutrient absorption. Obesity has been associated with higher levels of the endogenous cannabinoid transmitters (endocannabinoids). Therefore, the ECS is an important target in obesity treatment. Modulating the enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids, namely fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), may be a promising strategy to treat obesity. This review aims to synthesize all studies investigating pharmacological or genetic manipulation of FAAH, MAGL, or DAGL enzymes in association with obesity-related measures. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of FAAH tended to promote an obesogenic state in animal models, though the relationships between human FAAH polymorphisms and obesity-related outcomes were heterogeneous, which could be due to FAAH having both pro-appetitive and anti-appetitive substrates. Genetic deletion of Mgll and Dagla as well as pharmacological inhibition of DAGL tended to reduce body weight and improve metabolic state in animal studies, though the effects of Mgll manipulation were tissue-dependent. Monitoring changes in body weight in ongoing clinical trials of FAAH inhibitors may clarify whether FAAH inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment obesity. More preclinical work is needed to characterize the role of MAGL and DAGL modulation in obesity-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Matheson
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (X.M.M.Z.); (Z.B.); (B.L.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xin Ming Matthew Zhou
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (X.M.M.Z.); (Z.B.); (B.L.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada
| | - Zoe Bourgault
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (X.M.M.Z.); (Z.B.); (B.L.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (X.M.M.Z.); (Z.B.); (B.L.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, 5th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
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Franco-Juárez B, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Ortega-Cuellar D. Effects of High Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Intake on the Lifespan of C. elegans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092359. [PMID: 34572007 PMCID: PMC8465757 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Health and lifespan are influenced by dietary nutrients, whose balance is dependent on the supply or demand of each organism. Many studies have shown that an increased carbohydrate–lipid intake plays a critical role in metabolic dysregulation, which impacts longevity. Caenorhabditis elegans has been successfully used as an in vivo model to study the effects of several factors, such as genetic, environmental, diet, and lifestyle factors, on the molecular mechanisms that have been linked to healthspan, lifespan, and the aging process. There is evidence showing the causative effects of high glucose on lifespan in different diabetic models; however, the precise biological mechanisms affected by dietary nutrients, specifically carbohydrates and lipids, as well as their links with lifespan and longevity, remain unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the deleterious effects caused by high-carbohydrate and high-lipid diets, as well as the molecular signals that affect the lifespan of C. elegans; thus, understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of high-glucose- and lipid-induced changes in whole organisms would allow the targeting of key regulatory factors to ameliorate metabolic disorders and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Franco-Juárez
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900
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21
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Polymorphisms in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene modify blood glucose response to dietary oils varying in MUFA content in adults with obesity. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:503-512. [PMID: 33829984 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diets varying in SFA and MUFA content can impact glycaemic control; however, whether underlying differences in genetic make-up can influence blood glucose responses to these dietary fatty acids is unknown. We examined the impact of dietary oils varying in SFA/MUFA content on changes in blood glucose levels (primary outcome) and whether these changes were modified by variants in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene (secondary outcome). Obese men and women participating in the randomised, crossover, isoenergetic, controlled-feeding Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial II consumed three dietary oils for 6 weeks, with washout periods of ˜6 weeks between each treatment. Diets studied included a high SFA/low MUFA Control oil (36·6 % SFA/28·2 % MUFA), a conventional canola oil (6·2 % SFA/63·1 % MUFA) and a high-oleic acid canola oil (5·8 % SFA/74·7 % MUFA). No differences in fasting blood glucose were observed following the consumption of the dietary oils. However, when stratified by SCD genotypes, significant SNP-by-treatment interactions on blood glucose response were found with additive models for rs1502593 (P = 0·01), rs3071 (P = 0·02) and rs522951 (P = 0·03). The interaction for rs3071 remained significant (P = 0·005) when analysed with a recessive model, where individuals carrying the CC genotype showed an increase (0·14 (sem 0·09) mmol/l) in blood glucose levels with the Control oil diet, but reductions in blood glucose with both MUFA oil diets. Individuals carrying the AA and AC genotypes experienced reductions in blood glucose in response to all three oils. These findings identify a potential new target for personalised nutrition approaches aimed at improving glycaemic control.
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Berk K, Bzdega W, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Charytoniuk T, Zywno H, Chabowski A. Phytocannabinoids-A Green Approach toward Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:393. [PMID: 33498537 PMCID: PMC7864168 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease in adults in developed countries, with a global prevalence as high as one billion. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is a multifactorial and multi-step process. Nowadays, a growing body of research suggests the considerable role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) as a complex cell-signaling system in NAFLD development. Although increased endocannabinoid tone in the liver highly contributes to NAFLD development, the complex effects and impacts of plant-derived cannabinoids in the aspect of NAFLD pathophysiology are yet not fully understood, and effective medications are still in demand. In our review, we present the latest reports describing the role of ECS in NAFLD, focusing primarily on two types of cannabinoid receptors. Moreover, we sum up the recent literature on the clinical use of natural cannabinoids in NAFLD treatment. This review is useful for understanding the importance of ECS in NAFLD development, and it also provides the basis for more extensive clinical phytocannabinoids testing in patients suffering from NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Berk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (W.B.); (K.K.-N.); (T.C.); (H.Z.); (A.C.)
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23
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Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Shekoohi N, Banach M. Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Levels May Not Affect Cardiovascular Events: Results From a Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Nutr 2020; 7:123. [PMID: 32984395 PMCID: PMC7492609 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Several observational studies evaluated the links between serum monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and cardiovascular events with controversial results. In the present study, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to obtain unconfounded estimates of the causal associations of genetically determined serum MUFAs with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), cardioembolic stroke (CS), and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: Four MUFAs were studied (i.e., 10-heptadecenoate, myristoleic, oleic, and palmitoleic acid). Data from the largest genome-wide association studies on MUFAs, CHD, MI, and stroke were analyzed. Inverse variance weighted method (IVW), weighted median (WM)-based method, MR-Egger, as well as MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier were applied. To rule out the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the leave-one-out method was also performed. Results: Genetically higher-serum 10-heptadecenoate levels did not affect the risk of CHD (IVW = Beta: −0.304, p = 0.185), MI (IVW = Beta: −0.505, p = 0.066), CS (IVW = Beta: −0.056, p = 0.945), and IS (IVW = Beta: −0.121, p = 0.767). Similarly, no significant associations were observed for myristoleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: 0.008; MI: IVW = Beta: 0.041; CS: IVW = Beta: 0.881; IS: IVW = Beta: 0.162), oleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: −0.2417; MI: IVW = Beta: −0.119; CS: IVW = Beta: 1.059; IS: IVW = Beta: 0.008491), and palmitoleic acid (CHD: IVW = Beta: −0.06957; MI: IVW = Beta: −0.01255; CS: IVW = Beta: 1.042; IS: IVW = Beta: −0.1862). A low likelihood of heterogeneity and pleiotropy was reported, and the observed associations were not driven by single SNPs. Conclusions: In the present MR analysis, serum MUFA levels were not associated with the risk of CHD, MI, CS, and IS. Further research, evaluating more MUFAs, is required to elucidate the links between MUFAs and CVD to contribute to health policy decisions in reducing CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Niloofar Shekoohi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Łódz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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24
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Role of 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol and CB1 Receptors in Orexin-A-Mediated Prevention of Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Neuronal Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061507. [PMID: 32575773 PMCID: PMC7349736 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin-A (OX-A) protects the brain against oxidative stress-mediated ischemic injury. Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons. OGD-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and neuronal death were prevented by both OX-A and arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, in a manner sensitive to OX-1R and CB1 receptor antagonists, SB334867 and AM251. OX-A stimulated 2-AG biosynthesis in cortical neurons. In neurons isolated from monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL, a 2-AG hydrolyzing enzyme) null mice, 10-fold higher 2-AG concentrations were found and OGD failed to induce ROS production and cell death, whereas AM251 restored these noxious effects. OX-A-induced neuroprotection was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) survival pathway since both OX-A and ACEA induced phosphorylation of Akt and prevented OGD-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in a manner counteracted by SB334867 or AM251. Administration of OX-A reduced infarct volume and elevated brain 2-AG levels in a mouse model of transient ischemia. These results suggest that 2-AG and CB1 receptor mediate OX-A prevention of ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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25
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Saleh-Ghadimi S, Alizadeh M, Jafari-Vayghan H, Darabi M, Golmohammadi A, Kheirouri S. Effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition and endocannabinoid system modulation in patients with coronary artery disease: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:9. [PMID: 32370762 PMCID: PMC7201600 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The endocannabinoid system (ECS) overactivation, associated with increased inflammatory process, may act as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Dietary fat may influence the ECS tone. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil on the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile and ECS activity by the measurement of serum N-arachydonoil ethanolamine (AEA) and cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1), cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2), and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) mRNA expression. Methods This clinical trial was performed on 44 patients with CAD. The intervention group received 1.5% fat milk supplemented with flaxseed oil (containing 2.5 g α-linolenic acid or ALA), while the placebo group received 1.5% fat milk for 10 weeks. The fatty acid profile of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids was measured by gas chromatography. The AEA level was determined using an ELISA kit, and real-time PCR was performed to measure CB1, CB2, and FAAH mRNA expression pre- and post-intervention. Results Flaxseed oil supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the ALA content and a significant reduction in linoleic acid (LA) content of membrane phospholipids, compared to the placebo group (MD = − 0.35 and 2.89, respectively; P < 0.05). The within group analysis showed that flaxseed oil supplementation caused a significant reduction in both LA and arachidonic acid (MD = − 4.84 and − 4.03, respectively; P < 0.05) and an elevation in the ALA (MD = 0.37, P < 0.001) content of membrane phospholipids compared with the baseline. In the intervention group, a marked reduction was observed in the serum AEA level after 10 weeks of intervention, compared with the placebo group (MD = 0.64, P = 0.016). Changes in CB2 mRNA expression in the flaxseed oil group were significant (fold change = 1.30, P = 0.003), compared with the placebo group. Conclusion Flaxseed oil supplementation could attenuate the ECS tone by decreasing the AEA level and increasing CB2 mRNA expression. Therefore, flaxseed oil may be considered a promising agent with cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Golmohammadi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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26
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Saleh-Ghadimi S, Kheirouri S, Maleki V, Jafari-Vayghan H, Alizadeh M. Endocannabinoid system and cardiometabolic risk factors: A comprehensive systematic review insight into the mechanistic effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Life Sci 2020; 250:117556. [PMID: 32184122 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) have a pathophysiological role in the setting of cardiometabolic diseases. This systematic review was carried out to appraise the effect of omega-3 on cardiometabolic risk factors by highlighting the mediating effect of endocannabinoids. SCOPUS, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and ProQuest databases were searched until January 2020. All published English-language animal studies and clinical trials that evaluated the effects of omega-3 on cardiometabolic diseases with a focus on endocannabinoids were included. Of 1407 studies, 16 animal studies and three clinical trials were included for analysis. Eleven animal studies and two human studies showed a marked reduction in 2-AG and AEA levels following intake of omega-3 which correlated with decreased adiposity, weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis. Moreover, endocannabinoids were elevated in three studies that replaced omega-3 with omega-6. Omega-3 showed anti-inflammatory properties due to reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, regulation of T-cells function and increased levels of eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide, docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide and oxylipins; however, a limited number of studies examined a correlation between inflammatory cytokines and endocannabinoids following omega-3 administration. In conclusion, omega-3 modulates endocannabinoid tone, which subsequently attenuates inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed before any recommendations are made to target the ECS using omega-3 as an alternative therapy to drugs for cardiometabolic disease improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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27
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Guo Y, Xiong Z, Su M, Huang L, Liao J, Xiao H, Huang X, Xiong Z. Positive association of SCD1 genetic variation and metabolic syndrome in dialysis patients in China. Per Med 2020; 17:111-119. [PMID: 32125933 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnosed in the dialysis patients is increasingly reported which worsens the prognosis of the renal diseases. The relationship of SCD1 with MetS is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SCD1 polymorphism and MetS in dialysis patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 323 Chinese dialysis patients, and the correlation between the seven SNPs of SCD1 gene (rs10883465, rs2060792, rs1502593, rs522951, rs3071, rs3978768 and rs1393492) and MetS was analyzed. Results: One tag-SNP (rs1393492) has significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS. Dialysis patients with rs1393492 AA genotype of SCD1 are more prone to MetS (p = 0.021). Conclusion: This study shows that the rs1393492 variations of SCD1 gene are related with the development of MetS in Chinese dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zibo Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Meiling Su
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Limin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jinlan Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hongbo Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zuying Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
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28
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Ramírez-Higuera A, Peña-Montes C, Herrera-Meza S, Mendoza-López R, Valerio-Alfaro G, Oliart-Ros RM. Preventive Action of Sterculic Oil on Metabolic Syndrome Development on a Fructose-Induced Rat Model. J Med Food 2020; 23:305-311. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abril Ramírez-Higuera
- National Tech of México (Tecnológico Nacional de México)/I.T. Veracruz, Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Veracruz, México
| | - Carolina Peña-Montes
- National Tech of México (Tecnológico Nacional de México)/I.T. Veracruz, Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Veracruz, México
| | - Socorro Herrera-Meza
- Institute of Psychological Research, University of Veracruz, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Gerardo Valerio-Alfaro
- National Tech of México (Tecnológico Nacional de México)/I.T. Veracruz, Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Veracruz, México
| | - Rosa María Oliart-Ros
- National Tech of México (Tecnológico Nacional de México)/I.T. Veracruz, Food Research and Development Unit (UNIDA), Veracruz, México
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29
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A combination of dietary fat intake and nicotine exposure enhances CB1 endocannabinoid receptor expression in hypothalamic nuclei in male mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 714:134550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Page AJ, Hatzinikolas G, Vincent AD, Cavuoto P, Wittert GA. The TRPV1 channel regulates glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E667-E676. [PMID: 31408376 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00102.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECs) mediate effects via cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1 and 2) and transient receptor potential channel-vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) channels. In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice overactivity of the EC system and inhibition of CB1 increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake. We explored the role of TRPV1. Male TRPV1+/+(WT) and TRPV1-/-(KO)-mice were fed (20 wk) a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. RT-PCR was performed to measure mRNA of genes involved in glucose/lipid metabolism and the EC system in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Cultured L6 cells were used to measure glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. HFD mice weighed more and had higher insulin levels than SLD mice, with no genotype differences. Basal and peak glucose were higher in HFD mice irrespective of genotype, but glucose cleared faster in HFD WT vs. HFD KO-mice. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol augmented insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal L6-cells, an effect blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist SB-366791. In EDL, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) mRNA was increased in KO vs. WT mice, irrespective of diet. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) were elevated and FA desaturase 2 (FADS2) mRNA lower in HFD mice, irrespective of genotype. CB1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were lower in HFD WT mice only. In SOL, PDK4, UCP3, hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE), fatty acid translocase (CD36), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2) were elevated and SCD1, FAAH, FADS2, and Troponin 1 (TNNC1) mRNA lower in HFD mice, irrespective of genotype. In conclusion, TRPV1 regulates glucose disposal in HFD mice. We propose that TRPV1 plays a role in coordinating glucose metabolism in EDL under conditions of metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Page
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Hatzinikolas
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Cavuoto
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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31
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Yang Y, Yang F, Huang M, Wu H, Yang C, Zhang X, Yang L, Chen G, Li S, Wang Q, Liu S, Liu Y, Lei Y, Lei Z, Guo J. Fatty liver and alteration of the gut microbiome induced by diallyl disulfide. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1908-1920. [PMID: 31573042 PMCID: PMC6777666 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is one of the primary components of garlic and it exhibits a broad range of biological activities. In the present study, the effects of DADS on lipid metabolism and its potential role in the modulation of the gut microbiome were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin and oil-red O staining were used to assess the liver and intestinal tissues of mice treated with DADS. The expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The effects of DADS on the gut microbiome were measured using 16S recombinant (r)DNA gene analysis. The results revealed that the serum non-esterified free fatty acids, high density lipopro-tein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, serum total cholesterol, liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of the mice fed with a low-dose of DADS was significantly higher when compared with the control. Hematoxylin and eosin and oil-red O staining demonstrated that DADS induced fatty liver in mice. The results of the RT-qPCR revealed that the expression levels of a number of lipid metabolism-associated genes were altered in the livers of mice treated with DADS. The 16S rDNA gene analysis demonstrated that the mice fed on a normal diet treated with a low-dose of DADS had decreased levels of bacteria from the Bacteroidetes phyla and increased levels of bacteria from the Firmicutes phyla. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed the top 20 pathways enriched in the low-dose DADS group of mice fed with a normal diet. In the present study, low-dose DADS induced fatty liver and altered the gut micro-biota, similar to the phenotype induced by a high fat diet, by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Miaoling Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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RNA deep sequencing reveals novel transcripts and pathways involved in the unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in chicken. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Endocannabinoid System in Hepatic Glucose Metabolism, Fatty Liver Disease, and Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102516. [PMID: 31121839 PMCID: PMC6566399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that glucose metabolism in the liver is in part under the control of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) which is also supported by its presence in this organ. The ECS consists of its cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and enzymes that are responsible for endocannabinoid production and metabolism. ECS is known to be differentially influenced by the hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, e.g., cannabinoid receptor type 1(CB1) antagonist can improve the glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Interestingly, our own study shows that expression patterns of CBRs are influenced by the light/dark cycle, which is of significant physiological and clinical interest. The ECS system is highly upregulated during chronic liver disease and a growing number of studies suggest a mechanistic and therapeutic impact of ECS on the development of liver fibrosis, especially putting its receptors into focus. An opposing effect of the CBRs was exerted via the CB1 or CB2 receptor stimulation. An activation of CB1 promoted fibrogenesis, while CB2 activation improved antifibrogenic responses. However, underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. In the context of liver diseases, the ECS is considered as a possible mediator, which seems to be involved in the synthesis of fibrotic tissue, increase of intrahepatic vascular resistance and subsequently development of portal hypertension. Portal hypertension is the main event that leads to complications of the disease. The main complication is the development of variceal bleeding and ascites, which have prognostic relevance for the patients. The present review summarizes the current understanding and impact of the ECS on glucose metabolism in the liver, in association with the development of liver cirrhosis and hemodynamics in cirrhosis and its complication, to give perspectives for development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Inhibition of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Activity Suppressed SREBP Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells and Their Spheroid Growth. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids are critical in promoting colon tumorigenesis and its stemness. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting lipid desaturase associated with colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis control. This study aims to evaluate the effects of SCD1 inhibition on colon cancer spheroid growth in a three-dimensional cell culture system. An analysis of clinical data showed that increased SCD1 gene expression in colon tumors was negatively correlated with the prognosis. A chemical inhibitor of SCD1, CAY10566, inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in both monolayer and sphere cultures. In addition, oleic acid administration—a monounsaturated fatty acid generated by the action of SCD1—prevented the suppression of sphere formation by CAY10566. RNA-sequencing data from 382 colon tumor patient samples obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that 806 genes were SCD1-associated genes in human colon cancer. Correlation analysis identified the master regulator of lipid homeostasis sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) as a prominent transcription factor, whose expression was positively correlated with SCD1 in human colon cancer. SCD1 knockdown using siRNA in colon cancer samples, suppressed SREBP2 gene expression, providing direct evidence that SREBP signaling is under the control of SCD1 in these cells. Pathway analysis in the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis platform showed that SCD1 expression positively correlated with genes involved in multiple pathways, including lipid synthesis and incorporation, cell proliferation, and tissue tumorigenesis. Further network analysis revealed a central role for Myc in the network hierarchy of the SCD1-correlated genes. These findings suggested that SCD1 inhibition would be an effective strategy for suppressing colon cancer spheroid growth, partly through downregulating SREBP-mediated lipid and cholesterol metabolism and Myc signaling.
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Jorgačević B, Vučević D, Vesković M, Mladenović D, Vukićević D, Vukićević RJ, Todorović V, Radosavljević T. The effect of cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade on adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine concentration in adipose and hepatic tissue in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:120-129. [PMID: 30673308 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In high-fat diet (HFD) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there is an increase in the endocannabinoid system activity, which significantly contributes to steatosis development. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid receptor type 1 blockade on adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine content in adipose and hepatic tissue in mice with NAFLD. Male mice C57BL/6 were divided into a control group fed with a control diet for 20 weeks (C, n = 6) a group fed with a HFD for 20 weeks (HF, n = 6), a group fed with a control diet and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (R, n = 9), and a group fed with HFD and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (HFR, n = 10). Rimonabant significantly decreased leptin, resistin, apelin, visfatin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentration in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in the HFR group compared to the HF group (p < 0.01). Rimonabant reduced hepatic IL-6 and IFN-γ concentration as well as plasma glucose and insulin concentration and the homeostatic model assessment index in the HFR group compared to the HF group (p < 0.01). It can be concluded that the potential usefulness of CB1 blockade in the treatment of HFD-induced NAFLD is due to modulation of the adipokine profile and proinflammatory cytokines in both adipose tissues and liver as well as glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Jorgačević
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vučević
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vesković
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Vukićević
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Ješić Vukićević
- b Institute of Digestive Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Todorović
- c Faculty of Dentistry, Pančevo, University Business Academy, Novi Sad, 13000 Pančevo, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Radosavljević
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Disturbance in biosynthesis of arachidonic acid impairs the sexual development of the onion blight pathogen Stemphylium eturmiunum. Curr Genet 2019; 65:759-771. [PMID: 30649584 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00930-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of sexual fruiting bodies for plant pathogenic fungi is a key strategy to propagate their progenies upon environmental stresses. Stemphylium eturmiunum is an opportunistic plant pathogen fungus causing blight in onion. This self-fertilizing filamentous ascomycete persists in the soil by forming pseudothecia, the sexual fruiting body which helps the fungus survive in harsh environments. However, the regulatory mechanism of pseudothecial formation remains unknown. To uncover the mechanism for pseudothecial formation so as to find a practical measure to control the propagation of this onion pathogen, we tentatively used DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AC) to treat S. eturmiunum. 5-AC treatment silenced the gene-encoding monoacylglycerol lipase (magl) concomitant with the presence of the inheritable fluffy phenotype and defectiveness in pseudothecial development. Moreover, the silence of magl also resulted in a reduction of arachidonic acid (AA) formation from 27 ± 3.1 µg/g to 9.5 ± 1.5 µg/g. To correlate the biosynthesis of AA and pseudothecial formation, we created magl knockdown and overexpression strains. Knockdown of magl reduced AA to 11 ± 2.4 µg/g, which subsequently disabled pseudothecial formation. In parallel, overexpression of magl increased AA to 37 ± 3.4 µg/g, which also impaired pseudothecial formation. Furthermore, exogenous addition of AA to the culture of magl-silenced or magl knockdown strains rescued the pseudothecial formation but failed in the gpr1 knockdown strain of S. eturmiunum, which implicates the involvement of AA in signal transduction via a putative G protein-coupled receptor 1. Thus, AA at a cellular level of 27 ± 3.1 µg/g is essential for sexual development of S. eturmiunum. Disturbance in the biosynthesis of AA by up- and down-regulating the expression of magl disables the pseudothecial development. The specific requirement for AA in pseudothecial development by S. eturmiunum provides a hint to curb this onion pathogen: to impede pseudothecial formation by application of AA.
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Adipocyte OGT governs diet-induced hyperphagia and obesity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5103. [PMID: 30504766 PMCID: PMC6269424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Palatable foods (fat and sweet) induce hyperphagia, and facilitate the development of obesity. Whether and how overnutrition increases appetite through the adipose-to-brain axis is unclear. O-linked beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) couples nutrient cues to O-GlcNAcylation of intracellular proteins at serine/threonine residues. Chronic dysregulation of O-GlcNAc signaling contributes to metabolic diseases. Here we show that adipocyte OGT is essential for high fat diet-induced hyperphagia, but is dispensable for baseline food intake. Adipocyte OGT stimulates hyperphagia by transcriptional activation of de novo lipid desaturation and accumulation of N-arachidonyl ethanolamine (AEA), an endogenous appetite-inducing cannabinoid (CB). Pharmacological manipulation of peripheral CB1 signaling regulates hyperphagia in an adipocyte OGT-dependent manner. These findings define adipocyte OGT as a fat sensor that regulates peripheral lipid signals, and uncover an unexpected adipose-to-brain axis to induce hyperphagia and obesity. Endocannabinoid signaling regulates food intake and is a potential therapeutic target for obesity. Here the authors show that adipocyte O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is required for high fat diet-induced hyperphagia via transcriptional activation of de novo lipid desaturation and accumulation of an endogenous appetite-inducing cannabinoid.
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Jain P, Nattakom M, Holowka D, Wang DH, Thomas Brenna J, Ku AT, Nguyen H, Ibrahim SF, Tumbar T. Runx1 Role in Epithelial and Cancer Cell Proliferation Implicates Lipid Metabolism and Scd1 and Soat1 Activity. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1603-1616. [PMID: 29938858 PMCID: PMC6202256 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of lipid metabolism in epithelial stem cell (SC) function and carcinogenesis is poorly understood. The transcription factor Runx1 is known to regulate proliferation in mouse epithelial hair follicle (HF) SCs in vivo and in several mouse and human epithelial cancers. We found a novel subset of in vivo Runx1 HFSC target genes related to lipid metabolism and demonstrated changes in distinct classes of lipids driven by Runx1. Inhibition of lipid-enzymes Scd1 and Soat1 activity synergistically reduces proliferation of mouse skin epithelial cells and of human skin and oral squamous cell carcinoma cultured lines. Varying Runx1 levels induces changes in skin monounsaturated fatty acids (e.g., oleate, a product of Scd1) as shown by our lipidome analysis. Furthermore, varying Runx1 levels, the inhibition of Scd1, or the addition of Scd1-product oleate, individually affects the plasma membrane organization (or fluidity) in mouse keratinocytes. These factors also affect the strength of signal transduction through the membranes for Wnt, a pathway that promotes epithelial (cancer) cell proliferation and HFSC activation. Our working model is that HFSC factor Runx1 modulates the fatty acid production, which affects membrane organization, facilitating signal transduction for rapid proliferation of normal and cancer epithelial cells. Stem Cells 2018;36:1603-1616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mary Nattakom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David Holowka
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Dong Hao Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Amy Tsu Ku
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sherrif F Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicines & Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Association of circulating metabolites with healthy diet and risk of cardiovascular disease: analysis of two cohort studies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8620. [PMID: 29872056 PMCID: PMC5988716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet may modify metabolomic profiles towards higher or lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We aimed to identify metabolite profiles associated with high adherence to dietary recommendations - the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) - and the extent to which metabolites associated with AHEI also predict incident CVD. Relations between AHEI score and 80 circulating lipids and metabolites, quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics, were examined using linear regression models in the Whitehall II study (n = 4824, 55.9 ± 6.1 years, 28.0% women) and were replicated in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (n = 1716, 37.7 ± 5.0 years, 56.3% women). We used Cox models to study associations between metabolites and incident CVD over the 15.8-year follow-up in the Whitehall II study. After adjustment for confounders, higher AHEI score (indicating healthier diet) was associated with higher degree of unsaturation of fatty acids (FA) and higher ratios of polyunsaturated FA, omega-3 and docosahexaenoic acid relative to total FA in both Whitehall II and Young Finns studies. A concordance of associations of metabolites with higher AHEI score and lower CVD risk was observed in Whitehall II. Adherence to healthy diet seems to be associated with specific FA that reduce risk of CVD.
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Endocannabinoids in Body Weight Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020055. [PMID: 29849009 PMCID: PMC6027162 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of body weight is fundamental to maintain one's health and to promote longevity. Nevertheless, it appears that the global obesity epidemic is still constantly increasing. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid messengers that are involved in overall body weight control by interfering with manifold central and peripheral regulatory circuits that orchestrate energy homeostasis. Initially, blocking of eCB signaling by first generation cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) inverse agonists such as rimonabant revealed body weight-reducing effects in laboratory animals and men. Unfortunately, rimonabant also induced severe psychiatric side effects. At this point, it became clear that future cannabinoid research has to decipher more precisely the underlying central and peripheral mechanisms behind eCB-driven control of feeding behavior and whole body energy metabolism. Here, we will summarize the most recent advances in understanding how central eCBs interfere with circuits in the brain that control food intake and energy expenditure. Next, we will focus on how peripheral eCBs affect food digestion, nutrient transformation and energy expenditure by interfering with signaling cascades in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat depots and endocrine glands. To finally outline the safe future potential of cannabinoids as medicines, our overall goal is to address the molecular, cellular and pharmacological logic behind central and peripheral eCB-mediated body weight control, and to figure out how these precise mechanistic insights are currently transferred into the development of next generation cannabinoid medicines displaying clearly improved safety profiles, such as significantly reduced side effects.
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Li H, Xiang L, Yang N, Cao F, Li C, Chen P, Ruan X, Feng Y, Zhou N, Wang X. Zhiheshouwu ethanol extract induces intrinsic apoptosis and reduces unsaturated fatty acids via SREBP1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 119:169-175. [PMID: 29702135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major incidence and one of the most life-threatening cancer. How to conquer HCC is a worldwide issue for patients. Zhiheshouwu (Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata) is a Chinese medicinal herb exhibiting both lowering lipid and inhibiting cancer cells. However, it remains a matter if its inhibiting cancer cells is related to its lowering lipid. In this study, we investigate the effects of Zhiheshouwu ethanolic extract (HSWE) on apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms in Bel-7402 cells. The results showed that HSWE inhibited the proliferation with an increased level of ALT and AST in Bel-7402 cells. The decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was observed in HSWE-treated Bel-7402 cells. The flow cytometry results showed that HSWE triggered apoptosis. Since mitochondrial injury is characterized as intrinsic apoptotic cell death, these data indicated that HSWE may induce intrinsic apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells. In addition, HSWE decreased the production of unsaturated fatty acids, and inhibited the mRNA and protein of SCD1 and its up-stream factor, sterol-regulatory element binding proteins 1 (SREBP1), a master transcriptional regulator of lipogenic gene. Taken together, these data suggest that HSWE induces an intrinsic apoptosis, and reduced unsaturated fatty acids by blocking SREBP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Middle Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology of School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Longchao Xiang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Middle Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology of School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Nian Yang
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Fengjun Cao
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Middle Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Middle Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology of School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China; Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Middle Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Xuzhi Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology of School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China; Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Middle Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology of School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 39 Middle Chaoyang Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Department of Pharmacology of School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, 30 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China.
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Chinese olive extract ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo by regulating lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1057. [PMID: 29348600 PMCID: PMC5773498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese olive contains plenty of polyphenols, which possess a wide range of biological actions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the ethyl acetate fraction of Chinese olive fruit extract (CO-EtOAc) in the modulation of lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo. In cellular studies, CO-EtOAc attenuated oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation; we then elucidated the molecular mechanisms of CO-EtOAc in FL83B mouse hepatocytes. CO-EtOAc suppressed the mRNA levels of fatty acid transporter genes (CD36 and FABP) and lipogenesis genes (SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC1), but upregulated genes that govern lipolysis (HSL) and lipid oxidation (PPARα, CPT-1, and ACOX). Moreover, CO-EtOAc increased the protein expression of phosphorylated AMPK, ACC1, CPT-1, and PPARα, but downregulated the expression of mature SREBP-1c and FAS. AMPK plays an essential role in CO-EtOAc-mediated amelioration of lipid accumulation. Furthermore, we confirmed that CO-EtOAc significantly inhibited body weight gain, epididymal adipose tissue weight, and hepatic lipid accumulation via regulation of the expression of fatty acid transporter, lipogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation genes and proteins in C57BL/6 mice fed a 60% high-fat diet. Therefore, Chinese olive fruits may have the potential to improve the metabolic abnormalities associated with fatty liver under high fat challenge.
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Ono A, Sano O, Kazetani KI, Muraki T, Imamura K, Sumi H, Matsui J, Iwata H. Feedback activation of AMPK-mediated autophagy acceleration is a key resistance mechanism against SCD1 inhibitor-induced cell growth inhibition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181243. [PMID: 28704514 PMCID: PMC5509324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the bioactive compound modes of action is crucial for increasing success rates in drug development. For anticancer drugs, defining effective drug combinations that overcome resistance improves therapeutic efficacy. Herein, by using a biologically annotated compound library, we performed a large-scale combination screening with Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) inhibitor, T-3764518, which partially inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation. T-3764518 induced phosphorylation and activation of AMPK in HCT-116 cells, which led to blockade of downstream fatty acid synthesis and acceleration of autophagy. Attenuation of fatty acid synthesis by small molecules suppressed the growth inhibitory effect of T-3764518. In contrast, combination of T-3764518 with autophagy flux inhibitors synergistically inhibited cellular proliferation. Experiments using SCD1 knock-out cells validated the results obtained with T-3764518. The results of our study indicated that activation of autophagy serves as a survival signal when SCD1 is inhibited in HCT-116 cells. Furthermore, these findings suggest that combining SCD1 inhibitor with autophagy inhibitors is a promising anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Ono
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Sano
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kazetani
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takamichi Muraki
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Imamura
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sumi
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junji Matsui
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Iwata
- Biomolecular Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Simon V, Cota D. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endocannabinoids and metabolism: past, present and future. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:R309-R324. [PMID: 28246151 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), including cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R), endogenous ligands called endocannabinoids and their related enzymatic machinery, is known to have a role in the regulation of energy balance. Past information generated on the ECS, mainly focused on the involvement of this system in the central nervous system regulation of food intake, while at the same time clinical studies pointed out the therapeutic efficacy of brain penetrant CB1R antagonists like rimonabant for obesity and metabolic disorders. Rimonabant was removed from the market in 2009 and its obituary written due to its psychiatric side effects. However, in the meanwhile a number of investigations had started to highlight the roles of the peripheral ECS in the regulation of metabolism, bringing up new hope that the ECS might still represent target for treatment. Accordingly, peripherally restricted CB1R antagonists or inverse agonists have shown to effectively reduce body weight, adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in obese animal models. Very recent investigations have further expanded the possible toolbox for the modulation of the ECS, by demonstrating the existence of endogenous allosteric inhibitors of CB1R, the characterization of the structure of the human CB1R, and the likely involvement of CB2R in metabolic disorders. Here we give an overview of these findings, discussing what the future may hold in the context of strategies targeting the ECS in metabolic disease.
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MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation/drug effects
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects
- Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Energy Intake/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Simon
- INSERM and University of BordeauxNeurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Cota
- INSERM and University of BordeauxNeurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, Bordeaux, France
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45
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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and adaptive stress signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1719-1726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a major cause of cirrhosis and liver-related deaths worldwide. NASH is strongly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, conditions that cause lipid accumulation in hepatocytes (hepatic steatosis). It is not well understood why some, but not other, individuals with hepatic steatosis develop NASH. The factors that determine whether or not NASH progresses to cirrhosis are also unclear. This review summarizes key components of NASH pathogenesis and discusses how inherent and acquired variations in regulation of these processes impact the risk for NASH and NASH cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710;
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47
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Cook KL, Soto-Pantoja DR, Clarke PAG, Cruz MI, Zwart A, Wärri A, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Roberts DD, Clarke R. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Protein GRP78 Modulates Lipid Metabolism to Control Drug Sensitivity and Antitumor Immunity in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5657-5670. [PMID: 27698188 PMCID: PMC5117832 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response is an endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway mediated by the protein chaperone glucose regulated-protein 78 (GRP78). Metabolic analysis of breast cancer cells shows that GRP78 silencing increases the intracellular concentrations of essential polyunsaturated fats, including linoleic acid. Accumulation of fatty acids is due to an inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid transport, resulting in a reduction of fatty acid oxidation. These data suggest a novel role of GRP78-mediating cellular metabolism. We validated the effect of GRP78-regulated metabolite changes by treating tumor-bearing mice with tamoxifen and/or linoleic acid. Tumors treated with linoleic acid plus tamoxifen exhibited reduced tumor area and tumor weight. Inhibition of either GRP78 or linoleic acid treatment increased MCP-1 serum levels, decreased CD47 expression, and increased macrophage infiltration, suggesting a novel role for GRP78 in regulating innate immunity. GRP78 control of fatty acid oxidation may represent a new homeostatic function for GRP78. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5657-70. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Cook
- Department of Surgery and Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
| | - David R Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery and Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Pamela A G Clarke
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Alan Zwart
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Anni Wärri
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Leena Hilakivi-Clarke
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert Clarke
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
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48
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Demizieux L, Piscitelli F, Troy-Fioramonti S, Iannotti FA, Borrino S, Gresti J, Muller T, Bellenger J, Silvestri C, Di Marzo V, Degrace P. Early Low-Fat Diet Enriched With Linolenic Acid Reduces Liver Endocannabinoid Tone and Improves Late Glycemic Control After a High-Fat Diet Challenge in Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:1824-37. [PMID: 27207550 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that alterations of glucose and lipid homeostasis induced by obesity are associated with the elevation of endocannabinoid tone. The biosynthesis of the two main endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, which derive from arachidonic acid, is influenced by dietary fatty acids (FAs). We investigated whether exposure to n-3 FA at a young age may decrease tissue endocannabinoid levels and prevent metabolic disorders induced by a later high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. Three-week-old mice received a 5% lipid diet containing lard, lard plus safflower oil, or lard plus linseed oil for 10 weeks. Then, mice were challenged with a 30% lard diet for 10 additional weeks. A low n-6/n-3 FA ratio in the early diet induces a marked decrease in liver endocannabinoid levels. A similar reduction was observed in transgenic Fat-1 mice, which exhibit high tissue levels of n-3 FA compared with wild-type mice. Hepatic expression of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was concomitantly changed. Interestingly, some gene modifications persisted after HFD challenge and were associated with improved glycemic control. These findings indicate that early dietary interventions based on n-3 FA may represent an alternative strategy to drugs for reducing endocannabinoid tone and improving metabolic parameters in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Demizieux
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, INSERM UMR866 "Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer," Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephanie Troy-Fioramonti
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, INSERM UMR866 "Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer," Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Borrino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Joseph Gresti
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, INSERM UMR866 "Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer," Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tania Muller
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, INSERM UMR866 "Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer," Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jerome Bellenger
- Team Lipid Transfer Proteins and Lipoprotein Metabolism, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, INSERM UMR866 "Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer," Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pascal Degrace
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, Faculty of Sciences Gabriel, INSERM UMR866 "Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer," Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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49
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Singh V, Chassaing B, Zhang L, San Yeoh B, Xiao X, Kumar M, Baker MT, Cai J, Walker R, Borkowski K, Harvatine KJ, Singh N, Shearer GC, Ntambi JM, Joe B, Patterson AD, Gewirtz AT, Vijay-Kumar M. Microbiota-Dependent Hepatic Lipogenesis Mediated by Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) Promotes Metabolic Syndrome in TLR5-Deficient Mice. Cell Metab 2015; 22:983-96. [PMID: 26525535 PMCID: PMC4670569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host metabolism. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a flagellin receptor, is required for gut microbiota homeostasis. Accordingly, TLR5-deficient (T5KO) mice are prone to develop microbiota-dependent metabolic syndrome. Here we observed that T5KO mice display elevated neutral lipids with a compositional increase of oleate [C18:1 (n9)] relative to wild-type littermates. Increased oleate contribution to hepatic lipids and liver SCD1 expression were both microbiota dependent. Analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and (13)C-acetate label incorporation revealed elevated SCFA in ceca and hepatic portal blood and increased liver de novo lipogenesis in T5KO mice. Dietary SCFAs further aggravated metabolic syndrome in T5KO mice. Deletion of hepatic SCD1 not only prevented hepatic neutral lipid oleate enrichment but also ameliorated metabolic syndrome in T5KO mice. Collectively, these results underscore the key role of the gut microbiota-liver axis in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; CAS & State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics & National Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan, China
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mark T Baker
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rachel Walker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kevin J Harvatine
- Department of Animal Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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50
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Fatty acids, endocannabinoids and inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:96-107. [PMID: 26325095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
From their phylogenetic and pharmacological classification it might be inferred that cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands constitute a rather specialised and biologically distinct signalling system. However, the opposite is true and accumulating data underline how much the endocannabinoid system is intertwined with other lipid and non-lipid signalling systems. Endocannabinoids per se have many structural congeners, and these molecules exist in dynamic equilibria with different other lipid-derived mediators, including eicosanoids and prostamides. With multiple crossroads and shared targets, this creates a versatile system involved in fine-tuning different physiological and metabolic processes, including inflammation. A key feature of this 'expanded' endocannabinoid system, or 'endocannabinoidome', is its subtle orchestration based on interactions between a relatively small number of receptors and multiple ligands with different but partly overlapping activities. Following an update on the role of the 'endocannabinoidome' in inflammatory processes, this review continues with possible targets for intervention at the level of receptors or enzymes involved in formation or breakdown of endocannabinoids and their congeners. Although its pleiotropic character poses scientific challenges, the 'expanded' endocannabinoid system offers several opportunities for prevention and therapy of chronic diseases. In this respect, successes are more likely to come from 'multiple-target' than from 'single-target' strategies.
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