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Gahlawat S, Oruc D, Paul N, Ragheb M, Patel S, Fasasi O, Sharma P, Shreiber DI, Freeman JW. Tissue Engineered 3D Constructs for Volumetric Muscle Loss. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:2325-2347. [PMID: 39085677 PMCID: PMC11329418 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Severe injuries to skeletal muscles, including cases of volumetric muscle loss (VML), are linked to substantial tissue damage, resulting in functional impairment and lasting disability. While skeletal muscle can regenerate following minor damage, extensive tissue loss in VML disrupts the natural regenerative capacity of the affected muscle tissue. Existing clinical approaches for VML, such as soft-tissue reconstruction and advanced bracing methods, need to be revised to restore tissue function and are associated with limitations in tissue availability and donor-site complications. Advancements in tissue engineering (TE), particularly in scaffold design and the delivery of cells and growth factors, show promising potential for regenerating damaged skeletal muscle tissue and restoring function. This article provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology of VML and critiques the shortcomings of current treatments. The subsequent section focuses on the criteria for designing TE scaffolds, offering insights into various natural and synthetic biomaterials and cell types for effectively regenerating skeletal muscle. We also review multiple TE strategies involving both acellular and cellular scaffolds to encourage the development and maturation of muscle tissue and facilitate integration, vascularization, and innervation. Finally, the article explores technical challenges hindering successful translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gahlawat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Doga Oruc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nikhil Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Ragheb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Swati Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Oyinkansola Fasasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peeyush Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David I Shreiber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph W Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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2
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Perez-Gutierrez L, Li P, Ferrara N. Endothelial cell diversity: the many facets of the crystal. FEBS J 2024; 291:3287-3302. [PMID: 36266750 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of blood vessels and play crucial roles in angiogenesis. While it has been known for a long time that there are considerable differences among ECs from lymphatic and blood vessels, as well as among arteries, veins and capillaries, the full repertoire of endothelial diversity is only beginning to be elucidated. It has become apparent that the role of ECs is not just limited to their exchange functions. Indeed, a multitude of organ-specific functions, including release of growth factors, regulation of immune functions, have been linked to ECs. Recent years have seen a surge into the identification of spatiotemporal molecular and functional heterogeneity of ECs, supported by technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), lineage tracing and intersectional genetics. Together, these techniques have spurred the generation of epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of ECs. It is now clear that ECs across organs and in different vascular beds, but even within the same vessel, have unique molecular identities and employ specialized molecular mechanisms to fulfil highly specialized needs. Here, we focus on the molecular heterogeneity of the endothelium in different organs and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perez-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Larionov A, Hammer CM, Fiedler K, Filgueira L. Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Diversity and Plasticity in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1276. [PMID: 39120307 PMCID: PMC11312403 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are vital structural units of the cardiovascular system possessing two principal distinctive properties: heterogeneity and plasticity. Endothelial heterogeneity is defined by differences in tissue-specific endothelial phenotypes and their high predisposition to modification along the length of the vascular bed. This aspect of heterogeneity is closely associated with plasticity, the ability of ECs to adapt to environmental cues through the mobilization of genetic, molecular, and structural alterations. The specific endothelial cytoarchitectonics facilitate a quick structural cell reorganization and, furthermore, easy adaptation to the extrinsic and intrinsic environmental stimuli, known as the epigenetic landscape. ECs, as universally distributed and ubiquitous cells of the human body, play a role that extends far beyond their structural function in the cardiovascular system. They play a crucial role in terms of barrier function, cell-to-cell communication, and a myriad of physiological and pathologic processes. These include development, ontogenesis, disease initiation, and progression, as well as growth, regeneration, and repair. Despite substantial progress in the understanding of endothelial cell biology, the role of ECs in healthy conditions and pathologies remains a fascinating area of exploration. This review aims to summarize knowledge and concepts in endothelial biology. It focuses on the development and functional characteristics of endothelial cells in health and pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on endothelial phenotypic and functional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Larionov
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Christian Manfred Hammer
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Klaus Fiedler
- Independent Researcher, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Luis Filgueira
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
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Pereira DS, Akita K, Bhisitkul RB, Nishihata T, Ali Y, Nakamura E, Nakamura Y. Safety and tolerability of intravitreal umedaptanib pegol (anti-FGF2) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD): a phase 1, open-label study. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1149-1154. [PMID: 38040965 PMCID: PMC11009303 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single-dose intravitreal umedaptanib pegol (anti-FGF2, investigational new drug) for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS Nine participants who had a diagnosis of refractory nAMD were enrolled and received a single intravitreal injection of umedaptanib pegol at increasing doses of 0.2, 1.0 or 2.0 mg in the study eye. RESULTS All three doses of umedaptanib pegol evaluated in the study were safe and well tolerated. No severe adverse event (AE) was observed in the study. There was an improvement in retinal fluid measured by central subfield thickness (CST) in most subjects. Remarkably, all three subjects who received 2.0 mg/eye showed improvement of more than 150 μm. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal umedaptanib pegol was safe, well tolerated, and demonstrated an indication of bioactivity in participants that have persistent subretinal fluid refractory to the treatment with anti-VEGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert B Bhisitkul
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- RIBOMIC Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Pereira DS, Maturi RK, Akita K, Mahesh V, Bhisitkul RB, Nishihata T, Sakota E, Ali Y, Nakamura E, Bezwada P, Nakamura Y. Clinical proof of concept for anti-FGF2 therapy in exudative age-related macular degeneration (nAMD): phase 2 trials in treatment-naïve and anti-VEGF pretreated patients. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1140-1148. [PMID: 38036609 PMCID: PMC11009322 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are the first-line treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Due to the limitations of these standard therapies, targeting alternative mechanisms of action may be helpful for treatment of this very common disease. Here, we investigated an anti-fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) aptamer, umedaptanib pegol, a next generation therapeutic for the treatment of nAMD. METHODS Three phase 2 studies were designed. First, a multicentre, randomized, double-masked TOFU study assessed the efficacy of intravitreal injections of umedaptanib pegol monotherapy or in combination with aflibercept, compared to aflibercept monotherapy in 86 subjects with anti-VEGF pretreated nAMD. Second, 22 subjects who had exited the TOFU study received 4 monthly intravitreal injections of umedaptanib pegol (extension, RAMEN study). Third, as an investigator-sponsored trial (TEMPURA study), a single-center, open-label, 4-month study was designed to evaluate the safety and treatment efficacy of umedaptanib pegol in five naïve nAMD patients who had not received any prior anti-VEGF treatment. RESULTS The TOFU study demonstrated that umedaptanib pegol alone or in combination with aflibercept did not improve best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) over aflibercept alone. However, the change in BCVA and CST at primary endpoint was marginal in all the three treatment groups, suggesting that umedaptanib pegol is effective to prevent the disease progression. The RAMEN study confirmed the cessation of disease progression. In the TEMPURA study, naïve nAMD patients showed improvement and no further macular degeneration, with striking improvement of visual acuity and central subfield thickness in some of the patients. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate, for the first time, clinical proof of concept for aptamer based anti-FGF2 therapy of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj K Maturi
- Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN, and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Vinaya Mahesh
- Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN, and Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert B Bhisitkul
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Eri Sakota
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- RIBOMIC Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Katoh M, Loriot Y, Brandi G, Tavolari S, Wainberg ZA, Katoh M. FGFR-targeted therapeutics: clinical activity, mechanisms of resistance and new directions. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:312-329. [PMID: 38424198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling via FGF receptors (FGFR1-4) orchestrates fetal development and contributes to tissue and whole-body homeostasis, but can also promote tumorigenesis. Various agents, including pan-FGFR inhibitors (erdafitinib and futibatinib), FGFR1/2/3 inhibitors (infigratinib and pemigatinib), as well as a range of more-specific agents, have been developed and several have entered clinical use. Erdafitinib is approved for patients with urothelial carcinoma harbouring FGFR2/3 alterations, and futibatinib and pemigatinib are approved for patients with cholangiocarcinoma harbouring FGFR2 fusions and/or rearrangements. Clinical benefit from these agents is in part limited by hyperphosphataemia owing to off-target inhibition of FGFR1 as well as the emergence of resistance mutations in FGFR genes, activation of bypass signalling pathways, concurrent TP53 alterations and possibly epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related isoform switching. The next generation of small-molecule inhibitors, such as lirafugratinib and LOXO-435, and the FGFR2-specific antibody bemarituzumab are expected to have a reduced risk of hyperphosphataemia and the ability to overcome certain resistance mutations. In this Review, we describe the development and current clinical role of FGFR inhibitors and provide perspective on future research directions including expansion of the therapeutic indications for use of FGFR inhibitors, combination of these agents with immune-checkpoint inhibitors and the application of novel technologies, such as artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zev A Wainberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masaru Katoh
- M & M Precision Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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Gonzalez-Vega M, M. Lebert B, Campion S, Wagner A, Aguilar-Bonilla A, A. Smith A. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene mutation as a potential risk factor for spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric low-grade glioma patients. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae074. [PMID: 38903142 PMCID: PMC11187772 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mutations have been associated with poorer prognoses in pediatric central nervous system tumor patients. A recent study highlighted a link between FGFR1 mutations and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), demonstrating that all patients with an FGFR1 alteration experienced hemorrhage at some point during their course of treatment. Methods The current study examined 50 out of 67 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) who had genomic testing between 2011 and 2022 at our institution to determine whether a correlation exists between FGFR1 mutations and spontaneous ICH. Results We found that of the 50 patients with genomic data, 7 (14%) experienced ICH, and an additional spontaneous hemorrhage was recorded; however, no genomic testing was performed for this case. Five of the seven patients (71.4%) had an FGFR1 modification. In our patient population, 6 expressed a detectable FGFR1 mutation (66.7% [4/6] had N546K alteration, 16.7% [1/6] FGFR1 exons duplication, and 16.7% [1/6] had a variant of unknown significance [VUS]). The patient with the FGFR1 VUS had no reported spontaneous hemorrhage. Statistical analysis found a significant association between FGFR1 and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (P-value = < .0001). In the patient population, all cases of PTPN11 alterations (n = 3) co-occurred with FGFR1 mutations. Conclusions Our case series highlights this link between the FGFR1 mutation and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Gonzalez-Vega
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Neuro-Oncology Translational Lab, Orlando Health – Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Brittany M. Lebert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Neuro-Oncology Translational Lab, Orlando Health – Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Stephani Campion
- Department of Administration and Quality, Orlando Health - Orlando Health Advanced Rehabilitation Institute, Ocoee, Florida, USA
| | - Aaron Wagner
- Department of Pathology, Orlando Health - Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Ana Aguilar-Bonilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Neuro-Oncology Translational Lab, Orlando Health – Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Orlando Health – Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Amy A. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Neuro-Oncology Translational Lab, Orlando Health – Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Orlando Health – Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
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8
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Pérez-Gutiérrez L, Ferrara N. Biology and therapeutic targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:816-834. [PMID: 37491579 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, called angiogenesis, is an essential pathophysiological process in which several families of regulators have been implicated. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA; also known as VEGF) and its two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, represent a key signalling pathway mediating physiological angiogenesis and are also major therapeutic targets. VEGFA is a member of the gene family that includes VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD and placental growth factor (PLGF). Three decades after its initial isolation and cloning, VEGFA is arguably the most extensively investigated signalling system in angiogenesis. Although many mediators of angiogenesis have been identified, including members of the FGF family, angiopoietins, TGFβ and sphingosine 1-phosphate, all current FDA-approved anti-angiogenic drugs target the VEGF pathway. Anti-VEGF agents are widely used in oncology and, in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, are now the standard of care in multiple malignancies. Anti-VEGF drugs have also revolutionized the treatment of neovascular eye disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and ischaemic retinal disorders. In this Review, we emphasize the molecular, structural and cellular basis of VEGFA action as well as recent findings illustrating unexpected interactions with other pathways and provocative reports on the role of VEGFA in regenerative medicine. We also discuss clinical and translational aspects of VEGFA. Given the crucial role that VEGFA plays in regulating angiogenesis in health and disease, this molecule is largely the focus of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Lee C, Chen R, Sun G, Liu X, Lin X, He C, Xing L, Liu L, Jensen LD, Kumar A, Langer HF, Ren X, Zhang J, Huang L, Yin X, Kim J, Zhu J, Huang G, Li J, Lu W, Chen W, Liu J, Hu J, Sun Q, Lu W, Fang L, Wang S, Kuang H, Zhang Y, Tian G, Mi J, Kang BA, Narazaki M, Prodeus A, Schoonjans L, Ornitz DM, Gariepy J, Eelen G, Dewerchin M, Yang Y, Ou JS, Mora A, Yao J, Zhao C, Liu Y, Carmeliet P, Cao Y, Li X. VEGF-B prevents excessive angiogenesis by inhibiting FGF2/FGFR1 pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:305. [PMID: 37591843 PMCID: PMC10435562 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although VEGF-B was discovered as a VEGF-A homolog a long time ago, the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B remains poorly understood with limited and diverse findings from different groups. Notwithstanding, drugs that inhibit VEGF-B together with other VEGF family members are being used to treat patients with various neovascular diseases. It is therefore critical to have a better understanding of the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B and the underlying mechanisms. Using comprehensive in vitro and in vivo methods and models, we reveal here for the first time an unexpected and surprising function of VEGF-B as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis by inhibiting the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway when the latter is abundantly expressed. Mechanistically, we unveil that VEGF-B binds to FGFR1, induces FGFR1/VEGFR1 complex formation, and suppresses FGF2-induced Erk activation, and inhibits FGF2-driven angiogenesis and tumor growth. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized novel function of VEGF-B in tethering the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway. Given the anti-angiogenic nature of VEGF-B under conditions of high FGF2/FGFR1 levels, caution is warranted when modulating VEGF-B activity to treat neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Rongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Liying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Health, Medical and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anil Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Harald F Langer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Mannheim/ Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiangrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiangke Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - JongKyong Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Juanhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Guanqun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Juanxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qihang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Haiqing Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Ang Kang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aaron Prodeus
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jean Gariepy
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, NHC key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Antonio Mora
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Xinzao, Panyu district, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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10
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Khalid T, Soriano L, Lemoine M, Cryan SA, O’Brien FJ, O’Leary C. Development of tissue-engineered tracheal scaffold with refined mechanical properties and vascularisation for tracheal regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1187500. [PMID: 37346796 PMCID: PMC10281188 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1187500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Attempted tracheal replacement efforts thus far have had very little success. Major limiting factors have been the inability to efficiently re-vascularise and mimic the mechanical properties of native tissue. The major objective of this study was to optimise a previously developed collagen-hyaluronic acid scaffold (CHyA-B), which has shown to facilitate the growth of respiratory cells in distinct regions, as a potential tracheal replacement device. Methods: A biodegradable thermoplastic polymer was 3D-printed into different designs and underwent multi-modal mechanical assessment. The 3D-printed constructs were incorporated into the CHyA-B scaffolds and subjected to in vitro and ex vivo vascularisation. Results: The polymeric backbone provided sufficient strength to the CHyA-B scaffold, with yield loads of 1.31-5.17 N/mm and flexural moduli of 0.13-0.26 MPa. Angiogenic growth factor release (VEGF and bFGF) and angiogenic gene upregulation (KDR, TEK-2 and ANG-1) was detected in composite scaffolds and remained sustainable up to 14 days. Confocal microscopy and histological sectioning confirmed the presence of infiltrating blood vessel throughout composite scaffolds both in vitro and ex vivo. Discussion: By addressing both the mechanical and physiological requirements of tracheal scaffolds, this work has begun to pave the way for a new therapeutic option for large tracheal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehreem Khalid
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis Soriano
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Biomedical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark Lemoine
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Biomedical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research in Biomedical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian O’Leary
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Niethamer TK, Levin LI, Morley MP, Babu A, Zhou S, Morrisey EE. Atf3 defines a population of pulmonary endothelial cells essential for lung regeneration. eLife 2023; 12:e83835. [PMID: 37233732 PMCID: PMC10219650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Following acute injury, the capillary vascular bed in the lung must be repaired to reestablish gas exchange with the external environment. Little is known about the transcriptional and signaling factors that drive pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and subsequent regeneration of pulmonary capillaries, as well as their response to stress. Here, we show that the transcription factor Atf3 is essential for the regenerative response of the mouse pulmonary endothelium after influenza infection. Atf3 expression defines a subpopulation of capillary ECs enriched in genes involved in endothelial development, differentiation, and migration. During lung alveolar regeneration, this EC population expands and increases the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, blood vessel development, and cellular response to stress. Importantly, endothelial cell-specific loss of Atf3 results in defective alveolar regeneration, in part through increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation in the endothelium. This leads to the general loss of alveolar endothelium and persistent morphological changes to the alveolar niche, including an emphysema-like phenotype with enlarged alveolar airspaces lined with regions that lack vascular investment. Taken together, these data implicate Atf3 as an essential component of the vascular response to acute lung injury that is required for successful lung alveolar regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terren K Niethamer
- Department of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lillian I Levin
- Department of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Michael P Morley
- Department of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Department of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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12
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Ruan R, Li L, Li X, Huang C, Zhang Z, Zhong H, Zeng S, Shi Q, Xia Y, Zeng Q, Wen Q, Chen J, Dai X, Xiong J, Xiang X, Lei W, Deng J. Unleashing the potential of combining FGFR inhibitor and immune checkpoint blockade for FGF/FGFR signaling in tumor microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:60. [PMID: 36966334 PMCID: PMC10039534 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) play a crucial role in cell fate and angiogenesis, with dysregulation of the signaling axis driving tumorigenesis. Therefore, many studies have targeted FGF/FGFR signaling for cancer therapy and several FGFR inhibitors have promising results in different tumors but treatment efficiency may still be improved. The clinical use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has resulted in sustained remission for patients. MAIN: Although there is limited data linking FGFR inhibitors and immunotherapy, preclinical research suggest that FGF/FGFR signaling is involved in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) including immune cells, vasculogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This raises the possibility that ICB in combination with FGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (FGFR-TKIs) may be feasible for treatment option for patients with dysregulated FGF/FGFR signaling. CONCLUSION Here, we review the role of FGF/FGFR signaling in TME regulation and the potential mechanisms of FGFR-TKI in combination with ICB. In addition, we review clinical data surrounding ICB alone or in combination with FGFR-TKI for the treatment of FGFR-dysregulated tumors, highlighting that FGFR inhibitors may sensitize the response to ICB by impacting various stages of the "cancer-immune cycle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Ruan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Chunye Huang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhanmin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Hongguang Zhong
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shaocheng Zeng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qinru Zeng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Wan Lei
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for lndividualized Cancer Therapy, 17 YongwaiStreet, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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13
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Deng Y, Huang X, Hu Y, Zhong W, Zhang H, Mo C, Wang H, Ding BS, Wang C. Deficiency of endothelial FGFR1 signaling via upregulation of ROCK2 activity aggravated ALI/ARDS. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1041533. [PMID: 36969192 PMCID: PMC10036754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1041533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular leakage and inflammation are pathological hallmarks of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Endothelial cells (ECs) serve as a semipermeable barrier and play a key role in disease progression. It is well known that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is required for maintaining vascular integrity. However, how endothelial FGFR1 functions in ALI/ARDS remains obscure. Here, we revealed that conditional deletion of endothelial FGFR1 aggravated LPS-induced lung injury, including inflammation and vascular leakage. Inhibition of its downstream Rho-associated coiled-coil–forming protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) by AAV Vec-tie-shROCK2 or its selective inhibitor TDI01 effectively attenuated inflammation and vascular leakage in a mouse model. In vitro, TNFα-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed decreased FGFR1 expression and increased ROCK2 activity. Furthermore, knockdown of FGFR1 activated ROCK2 and thus promoted higher adhesive properties to inflammatory cells and higher permeability in HUVECs. TDI01 effectively suppressed ROCK2 activity and rescued the endothelial dysfunction. These data demonstrated that the loss of endothelial FGFR1 signaling mediated an increase in ROCK2 activity, which led to an inflammatory response and vascular leakage in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, inhibition of ROCK2 activity by TDI01 provided great value and shed light on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Peking University China–Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiting Zhong
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Beijing Tide Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Wang, ; Bi-Sen Ding, ; Hongjun Wang,
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Wang, ; Bi-Sen Ding, ; Hongjun Wang,
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking University China–Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Wang, ; Bi-Sen Ding, ; Hongjun Wang,
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14
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Long Y, Chen H, Deng J, Ning J, Yang P, Qiao L, Cao Z. Deficiency of endothelial FGFR1 alleviates hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonatal mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1039103. [PMID: 36467073 PMCID: PMC9716472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1039103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted neonatal lung angiogenesis and alveologenesis often give rise to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common chronic lung disease in children. Hyperoxia-induced pulmonary vascular and alveolar damage in premature infants is one of the most common and frequent factors contributing to BPD. The purpose of the present study was to explore the key molecules and the underlying mechanisms in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal mice and to provide a new strategy for the treatment of BPD. In this work, we reported that hyperoxia decreased the proportion of endothelial cells (ECs) in the lungs of neonatal mice. In hyperoxic lung ECs of neonatal mice, we detected upregulated fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression, accompanied by upregulation of the classic downstream signaling pathway of activated FGFR1, including the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Specific deletion of Fgfr1 in the ECs of neonatal mice protected the lungs from hyperoxia-induced lung injury, with improved angiogenesis, alveologenesis and respiratory metrics. Intriguingly, the increased Fgfr1 expression was mainly attributed to aerosol capillary endothelial (aCap) cells rather than general capillary endothelial (gCap) cells. Deletion of endothelial Fgfr1 increased the expression of gCap cell markers but decreased the expression of aCap cell markers. Additionally, inhibition of FGFR1 by an FGFR1 inhibitor improved alveologenesis and respiratory metrics. In summary, this study suggests that in neonatal mice, hyperoxia increases the expression of endothelial FGFR1 in lung ECs and that deficiency of endothelial Fgfr1 can ameliorate hyperoxia-induced BPD. These data suggest that FGFR1 may be a potential therapeutic target for BPD, which will provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lina Qiao
- *Correspondence: Lina Qiao, ; Zhongwei Cao,
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15
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Fernandes A, Miéville A, Grob F, Yamashita T, Mehl J, Hosseini V, Emmert MY, Falk V, Vogel V. Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interactions in a Shear-Exposed Intimal Hyperplasia on-a-Dish Model to Evaluate Therapeutic Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202317. [PMID: 35971167 PMCID: PMC9534971 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) represents a major challenge following cardiovascular interventions. While mechanisms are poorly understood, the inefficient preventive methods incentivize the search for novel therapies. A vessel-on-a-dish platform is presented, consisting of direct-contact cocultures with human primary endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exposed to both laminar pulsatile and disturbed flow on an orbital shaker. With contractile SMCs sitting below a confluent EC layer, a model that successfully replicates the architecture of a quiescent vessel wall is created. In the novel IH model, ECs are seeded on synthetic SMCs at low density, mimicking reendothelization after vascular injury. Over 3 days of coculture, ECs transition from a network conformation to confluent 2D islands, as promoted by pulsatile flow, resulting in a "defected" EC monolayer. In defected regions, SMCs incorporated plasma fibronectin into fibers, increased proliferation, and formed multilayers, similarly to IH in vivo. These phenomena are inhibited under confluent EC layers, supporting therapeutic approaches that focus on endothelial regeneration rather than inhibiting proliferation, as illustrated in a proof-of-concept experiment with Paclitaxel. Thus, this in vitro system offers a new tool to study EC-SMC communication in IH pathophysiology, while providing an easy-to-use translational disease model platform for low-cost and high-content therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fernandes
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Arnaud Miéville
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Franziska Grob
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tadahiro Yamashita
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Department of System Design EngineeringKeio University108‐8345YokohamaJapan
| | - Julia Mehl
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
- Present address:
Julius Wolff InstituteBerlin Institute of HealthCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryGerman Heart Center Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM)University of Zurich8006ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlin10117BerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryGerman Heart Center Berlin13353BerlinGermany
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied MechanobiologyInstitute of Translational MedicineDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
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16
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Matsiukevich D, House SL, Weinheimer C, Kovacs A, Ornitz DM. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling in cardiomyocytes is protective in the acute phase following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1011167. [PMID: 36211556 PMCID: PMC9539275 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1011167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are expressed in multiple cell types in the adult heart. Previous studies have shown a cardioprotective effect of some FGF ligands in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and a protective role for endothelial FGFRs in post-ischemic vascular remodeling. To determine the direct role FGFR signaling in cardiomyocytes in acute cardiac I/R injury, we inactivated Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 (CM-DCKO) or activated FGFR1 (CM-caFGFR1) in cardiomyocytes in adult mice prior to I/R injury. In the absence of injury, inactivation of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in adult cardiomyocytes had no effect on cardiac morphometry or function. When subjected to I/R injury, compared to controls, CM-DCKO mice had significantly increased myocyte death 1 day after reperfusion, and increased infarct size, cardiac dysfunction, and myocyte hypertrophy 7 days after reperfusion. No genotype-dependent effect was observed on post-ischemic cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and vessel density in areas remote to the infarct. By contrast, transient activation of FGFR1 signaling in cardiomyocytes just prior to the onset of ischemia did not affect outcomes after cardiac I/R injury at 1 day and 7 days after reperfusion. These data demonstrate that endogenous cell-autonomous cardiomyocyte FGFR signaling supports the survival of cardiomyocytes in the acute phase following cardiac I/R injury and that this cardioprotection results in continued improved outcomes during cardiac remodeling. Combined with the established protective role of some FGF ligands and endothelial FGFR signaling in I/R injury, this study supports the development of therapeutic strategies that promote cardiomyocyte FGF signaling after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry Matsiukevich
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Dzmitry Matsiukevich
| | - Stacey L. House
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Carla Weinheimer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David M. Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- David M. Ornitz
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Chestnut B, Klimkaite L, Sumanas S. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13065. [PMID: 35906287 PMCID: PMC9338088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells exhibit substantial phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity which is established during early embryogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing endothelial cell diversity are still not well understood. Zebrafish has emerged as an advantageous model to study vascular development. Despite its importance, the single-cell transcriptomic profile of vascular endothelial cells during zebrafish development is still missing. To address this, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of vascular endothelial cells isolated from zebrafish embryos at the 24 hpf stage. Six distinct clusters or subclusters related to vascular endothelial cells were identified which include arterial, two venous, cranial, endocardial and endothelial progenitor cell subtypes. Furthermore, we validated our findings by characterizing novel markers for arterial, venous, and endocardial cells. We experimentally confirmed the presence of two transcriptionally different venous cell subtypes, demonstrating heterogeneity among venous endothelial cells at this early developmental stage. This dataset will be a valuable resource for future functional characterization of vascular endothelial cells and interrogation of molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of their heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
| | - Brendan Chestnut
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laurita Klimkaite
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Dr, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
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18
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, contributes fundamentally to embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and wound healing. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is recognized as the first proangiogenic molecule discovered and it facilitates angiogenesis by activating FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling in endothelial cells. However, the roles of FGFR and the FGF/FGFR signaling axis in angiogenesis remain unclear. Here, we report that, upon reversible, posttranslational, small ubiquitin-like modifier modification (SUMOylation), FGFR1 regulates angiogenesis by coordinating endothelial angiogenic signaling. Mechanistically, FGFR1 SUMOylation maintains the balance in the competitive recruitment of the adaptor protein FRS2α between FGFR1 and VEGFR2 receptor complexes. VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling primarily operates under hypoxic conditions and FGF/FGFR1 signaling is more important under normoxic conditions. Angiogenesis contributes fundamentally to embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and wound healing. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is recognized as the first proangiogenic molecule discovered, and it facilitates angiogenesis by activating FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling in endothelial cells. However, the precise roles of FGFR and the FGF/FGFR signaling axis in angiogenesis remain unclear, especially because of the contradictory phenotypes of in vivo FGF and FGFR gene deficiency models. Our previous study results suggested a potential role of posttranslational small ubiquitin-like modifier modification (SUMOylation), with highly dynamic regulatory features, in vascular development and disorder. Here, we identified SENP1-regulated endothelial FGFR1 SUMOylation at conserved lysines responding to proangiogenic stimuli, while SENP1 functioned as the deSUMOylase. Hypoxia-enhanced FGFR1 SUMOylation restricted the tyrosine kinase activation of FGFR1 by modulating the dimerization of FGFR1 and FGFR1 binding with its phosphatase PTPRG. Consequently, it facilitated the recruitment of FRS2α to VEGFR2 but limited additional recruitment of FRS2α to FGFR1, supporting the activation of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells. Furthermore, SUMOylation-defective mutation of FGFR1 resulted in exaggerated FGF2/FGFR1 signaling but suppressed VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and the angiogenic capabilities of endothelial cells, which were rescued by FRS2α overexpression. Reduced angiogenesis and endothelial sprouting in mice bearing an endothelial-specific, FGFR1 SUMOylation-defective mutant confirmed the functional significance of endothelial FGFR1 SUMOylation in vivo. Our findings identify the reversible SUMOylation of FGFR1 as an intrinsic fine-tuned mechanism in coordinating endothelial angiogenic signaling during neovascularization; SENP1-regulated FGFR1 SUMOylation and deSUMOylation controls the competitive recruitment of FRS2α by FGFR1 and VEGFR2 to switch receptor-complex formation responding to hypoxia and normoxia angiogenic environments.
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20
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Chen Y, Xia Q, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Regulations of Retinal Inflammation: Focusing on Müller Glia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898652. [PMID: 35573676 PMCID: PMC9091449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation underlies multiple prevalent retinal diseases. While microglia are one of the most studied cell types regarding retinal inflammation, growing evidence shows that Müller glia play critical roles in the regulation of retinal inflammation. Müller glia express various receptors for cytokines and release cytokines to regulate inflammation. Müller glia are part of the blood-retinal barrier and interact with microglia in the inflammatory responses. The unique metabolic features of Müller glia in the retina makes them vital for retinal homeostasis maintenance, regulating retinal inflammation by lipid metabolism, purine metabolism, iron metabolism, trophic factors, and antioxidants. miRNAs in Müller glia regulate inflammatory responses via different mechanisms and potentially regulate retinal regeneration. Novel therapies are explored targeting Müller glia for inflammatory retinal diseases treatment. Here we review new findings regarding the roles of Müller glia in retinal inflammation and discuss the related novel therapies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Xia
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Meixia Zhang,
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21
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Milton CI, Selfe J, Aladowicz E, Man SYK, Bernauer C, Missiaglia E, Walters ZS, Gatz SA, Kelsey A, Generali M, Box G, Valenti M, de Haven‐Brandon A, Galiwango D, Hayes A, Clarke M, Izquierdo E, Gonzalez De Castro D, Raynaud FI, Kirkin V, Shipley JM. FGF7-FGFR2 autocrine signaling increases growth and chemoresistance of fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcomas. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1272-1289. [PMID: 34850536 PMCID: PMC8936514 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas are aggressive pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas and include high-risk PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-gene-positive cases. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is known to contribute to rhabdomyosarcoma progression; here, we sought to investigate the involvement and potential for therapeutic targeting of other FGFRs in this disease. Cell-based screening of FGFR inhibitors with potential for clinical repurposing (NVP-BGJ398, nintedanib, dovitinib, and ponatinib) revealed greater sensitivity of fusion-gene-positive versus fusion-gene-negative rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and was shown to be correlated with high expression of FGFR2 and its specific ligand, FGF7. Furthermore, patient samples exhibit higher mRNA levels of FGFR2 and FGF7 in fusion-gene-positive versus fusion-gene-negative rhabdomyosarcomas. Sustained intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and FGF7 secretion into culture media during serum starvation of PAX3-FOXO1 rhabdomyosarcoma cells together with decreased cell viability after genetic silencing of FGFR2 or FGF7 was in keeping with a novel FGF7-FGFR2 autocrine loop. FGFR inhibition with NVP-BGJ398 reduced viability and was synergistic with SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. In vivo, NVP-BGJ398 abrogated xenograft growth and warrants further investigation in combination with irinotecan as a therapeutic strategy for fusion-gene-positive rhabdomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I. Milton
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology TeamCancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonUK
| | - Joanna Selfe
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Ewa Aladowicz
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Stella Y. K. Man
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Carolina Bernauer
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Edoardo Missiaglia
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Department of Molecular PathologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Zoë S. Walters
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Translational Epigenomics TeamHuman Development and HealthFaculty of MedicineSouthampton General HospitalUK
| | - Susanne A. Gatz
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUK
| | - Anna Kelsey
- Department of Paediatric HistopathologyManchester University NHS Foundation TrustRoyal Manchester Children’s HospitalUK
| | - Melanie Generali
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
Center for Therapy Development and Good Manufacturing PracticeInstitute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM)University of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gary Box
- Cancer Pharmacology and Stress Response TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Melanie Valenti
- Cancer Pharmacology and Stress Response TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Alexis de Haven‐Brandon
- Cancer Pharmacology and Stress Response TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - David Galiwango
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Matthew Clarke
- Glioma TeamDivision of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Elisa Izquierdo
- Glioma TeamDivision of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - David Gonzalez De Castro
- Molecular HaematologyDivision of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
- Present address:
School of MedicineDentistry and Biomedical sciencesQueens University BelfastUK
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Pharmacology and Stress Response TeamDivision of Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Janet M. Shipley
- Sarcoma Molecular Pathology TeamDivisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer TherapeuticsThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
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22
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The Evolution of Biomineralization through the Co-Option of Organic Scaffold Forming Networks. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040595. [PMID: 35203246 PMCID: PMC8870065 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process in which organisms use minerals to generate hard structures like teeth, skeletons and shells. Biomineralization is proposed to have evolved independently in different phyla through the co-option of pre-existing developmental programs. Comparing the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that drive biomineralization in different species could illuminate the molecular evolution of biomineralization. Skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo was extensively studied and the underlying GRN shows high conservation within echinoderms, larval and adult skeletogenesis. The organic scaffold in which the calcite skeletal elements form in echinoderms is a tubular compartment generated by the syncytial skeletogenic cells. This is strictly different than the organic cartilaginous scaffold that vertebrates mineralize with hydroxyapatite to make their bones. Here I compare the GRNs that drive biomineralization and tubulogenesis in echinoderms and in vertebrates. The GRN that drives skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo shows little similarity to the GRN that drives bone formation and high resemblance to the GRN that drives vertebrates’ vascular tubulogenesis. On the other hand, vertebrates’ bone-GRNs show high similarity to the GRNs that operate in the cells that generate the cartilage-like tissues of basal chordate and invertebrates that do not produce mineralized tissue. These comparisons suggest that biomineralization in deuterostomes evolved through the phylum specific co-option of GRNs that control distinct organic scaffolds to mineralization.
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23
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Makrides N, Wang Q, Tao C, Schwartz S, Zhang X. Jack of all trades, master of each: the diversity of fibroblast growth factor signalling in eye development. Open Biol 2022; 12:210265. [PMID: 35016551 PMCID: PMC8753161 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A central question in development biology is how a limited set of signalling pathways can instruct unlimited diversity of multicellular organisms. In this review, we use three ocular tissues as models of increasing complexity to present the astounding versatility of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. In the lacrimal gland, we highlight the specificity of FGF signalling in a one-dimensional model of budding morphogenesis. In the lens, we showcase the dynamics of FGF signalling in altering functional outcomes in a two-dimensional space. In the retina, we present the prolific utilization of FGF signalling from three-dimensional development to homeostasis. These examples not only shed light on the cellular basis for the perfection and complexity of ocular development, but also serve as paradigms for the diversity of FGF signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoklis Makrides
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenqi Tao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Schwartz
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Yang W, Zhu W, Wang Y, Liu P. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on the effects of SZL on patients with mild to moderate depressive disorder with comparison to fluoxetine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114549. [PMID: 34438029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kaixinsan (KXS) decoction, as an herbal formula, was used to treat the diseases, such as insomnia, amnesia, emotional disorders in ancient china. It has been demonstrated to be active in various animal models resembling human depression with multitarget effects. However, effective verification on the clinical application of KXS is still lacking. Supplements in this knowledge field are urgently needed. AIM OF THE STUDY This very first study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of ShenZhiLing (SZL) tablets (KXS preparation), compared with fluoxetine (FLX, positive comparator), in patients with mild to moderate depressive disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, 156 patients with mild to moderate depression without taken any antidepressants in the past 6 months or 4 continuous weeks were randomized to receive either 3.2 g/d SZL plus 20 mg/d FLX placebo (SZL group) or 20 mg/d FLX plus 3.2 g/d SZL placebo (FLX group), for 8 weeks. Their clinical presentations and some metabolic indexes were assessed during the 8 weeks' visiting period. RESULTS Patients in SZL group showed a statistically significant improvement after 8 weeks of treatment in HAM-D17 score (18.79±2.09 to 4.43±4.71, p<0.001) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) score (58.49±8.89 to 39.84±12.09, p<0.001), but not in N-back total respond time (1145.55±608.26 to 1128.47±387.49, p>0.05). In addition, no significant difference at 8 weeks of treatment was found between SZL and FLX groups in SDS score (39.84±12.09 vs. 36.63±12.44) and N-back respond time (1128.47±387.49 vs. 1089.43±352.08) as well as reduction of HAM-D17 score (14.79±4.88 vs. 15.24±4.29) (p>0.05 for all). However, the serum APOB, APOC3 and ALB levels and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio decreased significantly in patients after SZL treatment, while only APOB/APOA1 ratio decreased significantly in FLX group. Other metabolic indexes did not alter significantly after treated with SZL or FLX. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety profile of SZL are comparable to that of fluoxetine in patients with mild to moderate depression. The beneficial effect of SZL is probably associated with improvement of lipid metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Wenshan Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Weiyu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Supplier Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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25
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Recent Advances in Diabetic Kidney Diseases: From Kidney Injury to Kidney Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111857. [PMID: 34769288 PMCID: PMC8584225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The natural history of DKD includes glomerular hyperfiltration, progressive albuminuria, declining estimated glomerular filtration rate, and, ultimately, kidney failure. It is known that DKD is associated with metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia, resulting in glomerular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Hyperglycemia is also known to cause programmed epigenetic modification. However, the detailed mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of DKD remain elusive. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in DKD.
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26
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Ferrao Blanco MN, Domenech Garcia H, Legeai-Mallet L, van Osch GJVM. Tyrosine kinases regulate chondrocyte hypertrophy: promising drug targets for Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1389-1398. [PMID: 34284112 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major health problem worldwide that affects the joints and causes severe disability. It is characterized by pain and low-grade inflammation. However, the exact pathogenesis remains unknown and the therapeutic options are limited. In OA articular chondrocytes undergo a phenotypic transition becoming hypertrophic, which leads to cartilage damage, aggravating the disease. Therefore, a therapeutic agent inhibiting hypertrophy would be a promising disease-modifying drug. The therapeutic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been mainly focused on oncology, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the Janus kinase inhibitor Tofacitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis has broadened the applicability of these compounds to other diseases. Interestingly, tyrosine kinases have been associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy. In this review, we discuss the experimental evidence that implicates specific tyrosine kinases in signaling pathways promoting chondrocyte hypertrophy, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Ferrao Blanco
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H Domenech Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L Legeai-Mallet
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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27
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Zhou J, Yin Y, Yang Y, Peng D, Wei J, Yin G, Tang Y. Knockdown of miR-423-5p simultaneously upgrades the eNOS and VEGFa pathways in ADSCs and improves erectile function in diabetic rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9796-9804. [PMID: 34545676 PMCID: PMC8505849 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the possibility of miR‐423‐5p modified adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSCs) therapy on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) rats. MiR‐423‐5p was knocked down in ADSCs. ADSCs, NC‐miR‐ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs were co‐cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Normal and high glucose media were supplemented. The supernatant and HUVECs were collected for assessment of eNOS and VEGFa expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. HUVECs co‐cultured with ADSCs or miR‐ADSCs exhibited higher eNOS and VEGFa protein expression levels compared to DM groups. MiR‐ADSCs enhanced HUVEC proliferation compared to the ADSCs and NC‐miR‐ADSCs. Lower apoptotic rates were observed when HUVECs were co‐cultured with miR‐ADSCs, compared to ADSCs and NC‐miR‐ADSCs. Fifteen male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats aged 12 weeks were induced to develop diabetes mellitus by intraperitoneal injection with STZ, and five healthy SD rats were used as normal controls. Eight weeks after developing diabetes, the rats received ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs via injection into the corpora cavernosa, whereas normal controls and DM controls were injected with saline. Erectile function and histological assessment of penile tissues were performed 8 weeks after injection. The ICP/MAP indicated that erectile function was impaired in the DM rats compared with the normal group. Injection of ADSCs and miR‐ADSCs improved erectile function significantly and was associated with the overexpression of eNOS and VEGFa. MiR‐423‐5p knockdown in ADSCs ameliorated high glucose‐mediated damage to HUVECs and improved erectile function in DM rats by inducing eNOS and VEGFa overexpression, indicating that miR‐423‐5p may be a potential target in the treatment of DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghao Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongyi Peng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingchao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
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Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) under physiologic and pathologic conditions are capable of substantial plasticity that includes the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Notably, in the hypoxic pulmonary circulation EndMT likely drives increases in the pulmonary arterial blood pressure, leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, it is unclear whether suppressing EndMT can prevent PAH development or mitigate established disease. In this issue of the JCI, Woo et al. generated mice with EC-specific deletion of FGFR1 and -2 and mice with EC-specific expression of a constitutively active FGFR1 to determine the role of FGF signaling in PAH. Mice with FGFR1/2 deletion in ECs that were exposed to hypoxic conditions developed extensive EndMT and more severe PAH than control mice. Animals with the constitutively active endothelial FGFR were protected from hypoxia-induced EndMT and PAH development. These findings suggest that FGF signaling may promote vascular resilience and prevent hypoxia-induced development of EndMT and PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Woo KV, Shen IY, Weinheimer CJ, Kovacs A, Nigro J, Lin CY, Chakinala M, Byers DE, Ornitz DM. Endothelial FGF signaling is protective in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141467. [PMID: 34623323 DOI: 10.1172/jci141467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most common and deadliest forms of PH. Fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (FGFR1/2) are elevated in patients with PH and in mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. Endothelial FGFR1/2 signaling is important for the adaptive response to several injury types and we hypothesized that endothelial FGFR1/2 signaling would protect against hypoxia-induced PH. Mice lacking endothelial FGFR1/2, mice with activated endothelial FGFR signaling, and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were challenged with hypoxia. We assessed the effect of FGFR activation and inhibition on right ventricular pressure, vascular remodeling, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a known pathologic change seen in patients with PH. Hypoxia-exposed mice lacking endothelial FGFRs developed increased PH, while mice overexpressing a constitutively active FGFR in endothelial cells did not develop PH. Mechanistically, lack of endothelial FGFRs or inhibition of FGFRs in HPAECs led to increased TGF-β signaling and increased EndMT in response to hypoxia. These phenotypes were reversed in mice with activated endothelial FGFR signaling, suggesting that FGFR signaling inhibits TGF-β pathway-mediated EndMT during chronic hypoxia. Consistent with these observations, lung tissue from patients with PH showed activation of FGFR and TGF-β signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of endothelial FGFR signaling could be therapeutic for hypoxia-induced PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kel Vin Woo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Developmental Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Murali Chakinala
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Derek E Byers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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30
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Jia T, Jacquet T, Dalonneau F, Coudert P, Vaganay E, Exbrayat-Héritier C, Vollaire J, Josserand V, Ruggiero F, Coll JL, Eymin B. FGF-2 promotes angiogenesis through a SRSF1/SRSF3/SRPK1-dependent axis that controls VEGFR1 splicing in endothelial cells. BMC Biol 2021; 19:173. [PMID: 34433435 PMCID: PMC8390225 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels arise from pre-existing ones. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), a leading member of the FGF family of heparin-binding growth factors, contributes to normal as well as pathological angiogenesis. Pre-mRNA alternative splicing plays a key role in the regulation of cellular and tissular homeostasis and is highly controlled by splicing factors, including SRSFs. SRSFs belong to the SR protein family and are regulated by serine/threonine kinases such as SRPK1. Up to now, the role of SR proteins and their regulators in the biology of endothelial cells remains elusive, in particular upstream signals that control their expression. Results By combining 2D endothelial cells cultures, 3D collagen sprouting assay, a model of angiogenesis in cellulose sponges in mice and a model of angiogenesis in zebrafish, we collectively show that FGF-2 promotes proliferation, survival, and sprouting of endothelial cells by activating a SRSF1/SRSF3/SRPK1-dependent axis. In vitro, we further demonstrate that this FGF-2-dependent signaling pathway controls VEGFR1 pre-mRNA splicing and leads to the generation of soluble VEGFR1 splice variants, in particular a sVEGFR1-ex12 which retains an alternative last exon, that contribute to FGF-2-mediated angiogenic functions. Finally, we show that sVEGFR1-ex12 mRNA level correlates with that of FGF-2/FGFR1 in squamous lung carcinoma patients and that sVEGFR1-ex12 is a poor prognosis marker in these patients. Conclusions We demonstrate that FGF-2 promotes angiogenesis by activating a SRSF1/SRSF3/SRPK1 network that regulates VEGFR1 alternative splicing in endothelial cells, a process that could also contribute to lung tumor progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01103-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- Institute For Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France.,Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Thibault Jacquet
- Institute For Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Fabien Dalonneau
- Institute For Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Pauline Coudert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5242, Université Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Elisabeth Vaganay
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5242, Université Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Chloé Exbrayat-Héritier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5242, Université Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Julien Vollaire
- Institute For Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Véronique Josserand
- Institute For Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5242, Université Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institute For Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Béatrice Eymin
- Institute For Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France.
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Yang H, Yang Q, Wang Y, Zheng L. Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 by Salidroside in an in vitro model of choroidal neovascularization. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 41:203-209. [PMID: 34428999 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1973023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a characteristic of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), choroidal neovascularization (CNV) causes severe vision loss. The current treatment has limited efficacy. This study was to investigate effects of Salidroside against CNV and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS RF/6A cells were treated with 200 mM cobalt chloride (CoCl2) for 6 hr to mimic hypoxic condition. Cells were then treated with Salidroside at 10, 30 and 100 µM for 24 hr. Cells treated with DMSO were used as negative control. The cell proliferation was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromid assay. The tube formation was investigated on Matrigel. The cell migration was measured by a Transwell assay. RT-qPCR was used to detect the gene expression. Immuohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect the expression of proteins. RESULTS Salidroside significantly inhibited the cell migration and tube formation activity of RF/6A cells under hypoxia. Moreover, Salidroside reduced the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in RF/6A cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that Salidroside could be a potential novel therapeutic agent against CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The second Fuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The second Fuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The second Fuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The second Fuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
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32
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Pulido T, Velarde MC, Alimirah F. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Fueling a wound that never heals. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111561. [PMID: 34411604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is impaired with advanced age and certain chronic conditions, such as diabetes and obesity. Moreover, common cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, can cause unintended tissue damage and impair wound healing. Available wound care treatments are not always effective, as some wounds fail to heal or recur after treatment. Hence, a more thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic, nonhealing wounds may offer new ideas for the development of effective wound care treatments. Cancers are sometimes referred to as wounds that never heal, sharing mechanisms similar to wound healing. We describe in this review how cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) contribute to chronic wounds versus cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Pulido
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Michael C Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
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33
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Abstract
Phospholipase C γ1 (PLCγ1) is a member of the PLC family that functions as signal transducer by hydrolyzing membrane lipid to generate second messengers. The unique protein structure of PLCγ1 confers a critical role as a direct effector of VEGFR2 and signaling mediated by other receptor tyrosine kinases. The distinct vascular phenotypes in PLCγ1-deficient animal models and the gain-of-function mutations of PLCγ1 found in human endothelial cancers point to a major physiological role of PLCγ1 in the endothelial system. In this review, we discuss aspects of physiological and molecular function centering around PLCγ1 in the context of endothelial cells and provide a perspective for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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34
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Servetto A, Kollipara R, Formisano L, Lin CC, Lee KM, Sudhan DR, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Chatterjee S, Guerrero-Zotano A, Mendiratta S, Akamatsu H, James N, Bianco R, Hanker AB, Kittler R, Arteaga CL. Nuclear FGFR1 Regulates Gene Transcription and Promotes Antiestrogen Resistance in ER + Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4379-4396. [PMID: 34011560 PMCID: PMC8338892 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FGFR1 overexpression has been associated with endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancer. We found FGFR1 localized in the nucleus of breast cancer cells in primary tumors resistant to estrogen suppression. We investigated a role of nuclear FGFR1 on gene transcription and antiestrogen resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumors from patients treated with letrozole were subjected to Ki67 and FGFR1 IHC. MCF7 cells were transduced with FGFR1(SP-)(NLS) to promote nuclear FGFR1 overexpression. FGFR1 genomic activity in ER+/FGFR1-amplified breast cancer cells ± FOXA1 siRNA or ± the FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erdafitinib was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The nuclear and chromatin-bound FGFR1 interactome was investigated by mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS High nuclear FGFR1 expression in ER+ primary tumors positively correlated with post-letrozole Ki67 values. Nuclear FGFR1 overexpression influenced gene transcription and promoted resistance to estrogen suppression and to fulvestrant in vivo. A gene expression signature induced by nuclear FGFR1 correlated with shorter survival in the METABRIC cohort of patients treated with antiestrogens. ChIP-Seq revealed FGFR1 occupancy at transcription start sites, overlapping with active transcription histone marks. MS analysis of the nuclear FGFR1 interactome identified phosphorylated RNA-Polymerase II and FOXA1, with FOXA1 RNAi impairing FGFR1 recruitment to chromatin. Treatment with erdafitinib did not impair nuclear FGFR1 translocation and genomic activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest nuclear FGFR1 contributes to endocrine resistance by modulating gene transcription in ER+ breast cancer. Nuclear FGFR1 activity was unaffected by FGFR TKIs, thus supporting the development of treatment strategies to inhibit nuclear FGFR1 in ER+/FGFR1 overexpressing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Servetto
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Rahul Kollipara
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chang-Ching Lin
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Dhivya R. Sudhan
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | | | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | | | - Saurabh Mendiratta
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Hiroaki Akamatsu
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Nicholas James
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Manoa, Hawaii
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas
| | - Carlos L. Arteaga
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas.,Corresponding Author: Carlos L. Arteaga, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390–8590. E-mail:
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35
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Prudovsky I. Cellular Mechanisms of FGF-Stimulated Tissue Repair. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071830. [PMID: 34360000 PMCID: PMC8304273 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors belonging to the FGF family play important roles in tissue and organ repair after trauma. In this review, I discuss the regulation by FGFs of the aspects of cellular behavior important for reparative processes. In particular, I focus on the FGF-dependent regulation of cell proliferation, cell stemness, de-differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell senescence, cell death, and the production of proteases. In addition, I review the available literature on the enhancement of FGF expression and secretion in damaged tissues resulting in the increased FGF supply required for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Prudovsky
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Dr., Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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36
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Rapp SJ, Dershem V, Zhang X, Schutte SC, Chariker ME. Varying Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Acute Effects on Human Split-Thickness Autografts. J Burn Care Res 2021; 41:104-112. [PMID: 31420676 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over 6.5 million people in the United States suffer from traumatic, burn, acute, and chronic wounds yearly. When reconstruction is required, split and full-thickness autografts are a first line of treatment intervention. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is gaining traction as an adjunct modality to improve graft survival, yet the specifics on what settings to apply topically over the graft is unsubstantiated and associated with morbidities. This study was performed in an effort to understand initial changes in wound and graft healing with a long-term goal of surface pressure optimization. Excess skin from elective procedures from six human subjects was trimmed to 0.012 inch in order represent a split-thickness autografts. These grafts were treated continuously with either -75 mm Hg (n = 4), -125 mm Hg (n = 4), or no pressure (n = 4) for 3 hours. Six skin grafts were treated with no sponge or pressure control (n = 6). RNAseq was performed on all treatment groups and compared with no pressure control. Significant gene expression changes with a subset focusing on inflammatory, cellular/extracellular matrix proliferation and angiogenic mediators and having greater than 2-fold were confirmed with immunohistochemistry staining. There are 95 significant gene transcription differences among all treatment groups. NPWT leads to significantly increased gene expression of FGFR1, ET-1, and 22 Keratin proteins. Between -75 and -125 mm Hg groups, there are 19 significant gene changes. Proinflammatory genes S100A8 and Tenacin C (TNC) demonstrate an 8.8- and 9.1-fold change, respectively, and is upregulated in -125 mm Hg group and downregulated in -75 mm Hg group. Fibrinogen genes fibrinogen gamma chain and fibrinogen alpha chain had respective log2-fold changes of -7.9 and -7.4 change between treatment groups and were downregulated in -125 mm Hg group and upregulated in -75 mm Hg group. There are varying effects of surface pressures on human split-thickness autografts during the imbibition time period. NPWT may improve cellular migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis over controls. Human skin grafts respond differently to -125 and -75 mm Hg within 3 hours of NPWT treatment. The results suggest -75 mm Hg leads to less inflammation and increased fibrinogen production compared with the -125 mm Hg group, at least initially. Reducing "time to heal" with NPWT is critical to successful outcomes and quality of life within young patients who often experience pain/discomfort when treated at the current standard pump settings. The results from this study and continued investigation may quickly translate to the clinical setting by finding the ideal pressure setting utilized in an effort to reduce NPWT length of treatment, improve patient comfort, satisfaction, and psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Rapp
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Department of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky.,Kentucky Center for Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Victoria Dershem
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Department of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stacey C Schutte
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Department of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark E Chariker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky.,Kentucky Center for Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Louisville, Kentucky
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Nakamura Y. Multiple Therapeutic Applications of RBM-007, an Anti-FGF2 Aptamer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071617. [PMID: 34203430 PMCID: PMC8305614 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis, but is not the only player with an angiogenic function. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which was discovered before VEGF, is also an angiogenic growth factor. It has been shown that FGF2 plays positive pathophysiological roles in tissue remodeling, bone health, and regeneration, such as the repair of neuronal damage, skin wound healing, joint protection, and the control of hypertension. Targeting FGF2 as a therapeutic tool in disease treatment through clinically useful inhibitors has not been developed until recently. An isolated inhibitory RNA aptamer against FGF2, named RBM-007, has followed an extensive preclinical study, with two clinical trials in phase 2 and phase 1, respectively, underway to assess the therapeutic impact in age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) and achondroplasia (ACH), respectively. Moreover, showing broad therapeutic potential, preclinical evidence supports the use of RBM-007 in the treatment of lung cancer and cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Division of RNA Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan;
- RIBOMIC Inc., Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
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38
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FGFR Inhibitors in Oncology: Insight on the Management of Toxicities in Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122968. [PMID: 34199304 PMCID: PMC8231807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary FGFR inhibitors evolved as therapeutic options in cholangiocarcinoma and urothelial malignancies. Given the implications of FGFR pathway in various physiological functions, FGFR inhibitors are known to cause unique toxicities. In this review, we summarized the physiology of FGF/FGFR signaling and briefly discussed the possible mechanisms that could lead to FGFR inhibitor resistance and side effects. In addition, we proposed treatment guidelines for the management of FGFR-inhibitor-associated toxicities. Abstract Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor (FGFR) pathway aberrations have been implicated in approximately 7% of the malignancies. As our knowledge of FGFR aberrations in cancer continues to evolve, FGFR inhibitors emerged as potential targeted therapeutic agents. The promising results of pemigatinib and infigratinib in advanced unresectable cholangiocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 fusions or rearrangement, and erdafitinib in metastatic urothelial carcinoma with FGFR2 and FGFR3 genetic aberrations, lead to their accelerated approval by the United States (USA) FDA. Along with these agents, many phase II/III clinical trials are currently evaluating the use of derazantinib, infigratinib, and futibatinib either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. Despite the encouraging results seen with FGFR inhibitors, resistance mechanisms and side effect profile may limit their clinical utility. A better understanding of the unique FGFR-inhibitor-related toxicities would invariably help us in the prevention and effective management of FGFR-inhibitor-induced adverse events thereby enhancing their clinical benefit. Herein, we summarized the physiology of FGF/FGFR signaling and briefly discussed the possible mechanisms that could lead to FGFR inhibitor resistance and side effects. In addition, we proposed treatment guidelines for the management of FGFR-inhibitor-associated toxicities. This work would invariably help practicing oncologists to effectively manage the unique toxicities of FGFR inhibitors.
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Khosravi F, Ahmadvand N, Bellusci S, Sauer H. The Multifunctional Contribution of FGF Signaling to Cardiac Development, Homeostasis, Disease and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672935. [PMID: 34095143 PMCID: PMC8169986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current focus on cardiovascular research reflects society’s concerns regarding the alarming incidence of cardiac-related diseases and mortality in the industrialized world and, notably, an urgent need to combat them by more efficient therapies. To pursue these therapeutic approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action for multifunctional fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the biology of the heart is a matter of high importance. The roles of FGFs in heart development range from outflow tract formation to the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and the formation of heart chambers. In the context of cardiac regeneration, FGFs 1, 2, 9, 16, 19, and 21 mediate adaptive responses including restoration of cardiac contracting rate after myocardial infarction and reduction of myocardial infarct size. However, cardiac complications in human diseases are correlated with pathogenic effects of FGF ligands and/or FGF signaling impairment. FGFs 2 and 23 are involved in maladaptive responses such as cardiac hypertrophic, fibrotic responses and heart failure. Among FGFs with known causative (FGFs 2, 21, and 23) or protective (FGFs 2, 15/19, 16, and 21) roles in cardiac diseases, FGFs 15/19, 21, and 23 display diagnostic potential. The effective role of FGFs on the induction of progenitor stem cells to cardiac cells during development has been employed to boost the limited capacity of postnatal cardiac repair. To renew or replenish damaged cardiomyocytes, FGFs 1, 2, 10, and 16 were tested in (induced-) pluripotent stem cell-based approaches and for stimulation of cell cycle re-entry in adult cardiomyocytes. This review will shed light on the wide range of beneficiary and detrimental actions mediated by FGF ligands and their receptors in the heart, which may open new therapeutic avenues for ameliorating cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Khosravi
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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40
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Pilmane M, Jain N, Vitenberga-Verza Z. Expression Analysis of FGF/FGFR and FOX Family Proteins in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Orofacial Cleft-Affected Children. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:423. [PMID: 34068496 PMCID: PMC8151933 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts affect hundreds of thousands of children worldwide annually and are usually corrected by a series of surgeries extending to childhood. The underlying mechanisms that lead to clefts are still unknown, mainly because of the multifactorial etiology and the myriad of interactions between genes and environmental factors. In the present study, we investigated the role and expression of candidate genes belonging to the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway and FOX family in tissue material obtained from 12 pediatric patients undergoing cleft correction surgery. The expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) in three cell/tissue types-epithelial cells, connective tissue, and endothelial cells. We found elevated expression of FGFR1 in epithelial cells while no expression was observed in endothelial cells. Further, our results elucidate the potential pathogenetic role of FGFR1 in cellular proliferation, local site inflammation, and fibrosis in cleft patients. Along with bFGF (also called FGF2), FGFR1 could play a pro-inflammatory role in clefts. Over-amplification of FGFR2 in some patients, along with bFGF, could potentially suggest roles for these genes in angiogenesis. Additionally, increased expression of FOXE1 (also called TTF2) contributes to local site inflammation. Finally, zero to low amplification of FOXO1 could suggest its potential role in inducing oxidative stress in the endothelium along with reduced epithelial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nityanand Jain
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradinš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (M.P.); (Z.V.-V.)
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41
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Kriaučiūnaitė K, Pociūtė A, Kaušylė A, Pajarskienė J, Verkhratsky A, Pivoriūnas A. Concentration-dependent duality of bFGF in regulation of barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7642-7654. [PMID: 33959949 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple paracrine factors regulate the barrier properties of human brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). Understanding the precise mode of action of these factors remains a challenging task, because of the limited availability of functionally competent BCECs and the use of serum-containing medium. In the present study, we employed a defined protocol for producing BCECs from human inducible pluripotent stem cells. We found that autocrine secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is necessary for the establishment a tight BCECs barrier, as revealed by measurements of transendothelial electric resistance (TEER). In contrast, addition of exogenous bFGF in concentrations higher than 4 ng/ml inhibited TEER in a concentration-dependent manner. Exogenous bFGF did not significantly affect expression and distribution of tight junction proteins claudin-5, occludin and zonula occludens (ZO)-1. Treatment with FGF receptor blocker PD173074 (15 µM) suppressed inhibitory effects of bFGF and induced nuclear translocation of protein ZO-1. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI-3K) with LY294002 (25 µM) significantly potentiated an inhibitory effect of bFGF on TEER indicating that PI-3K signalling pathway counteracts bFGF modulation of TEER. In conclusion, we show that autocrine bFGF secretion is necessary for the proper barrier function of BCECs, whereas exogenous bFGF in higher doses suppresses barrier resistance. Our findings demonstrate a dual role for bFGF in the regulation of BCEC barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kriaučiūnaitė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnė Pociūtė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aida Kaušylė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justina Pajarskienė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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42
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Zhu H, Zhang Y, Zhong Y, Ye Y, Hu X, Gu L, Xiong X. Inflammation-Mediated Angiogenesis in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:652647. [PMID: 33967696 PMCID: PMC8096981 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.652647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability and mortality in the world, but the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS) is not completely clear and treatments are limited. Mounting evidence indicate that neovascularization is a critical defensive reaction to hypoxia that modulates the process of long-term neurologic recovery after IS. Angiogenesis is a complex process in which the original endothelial cells in blood vessels are differentiated, proliferated, migrated, and finally remolded into new blood vessels. Many immune cells and cytokines, as well as growth factors, are directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Inflammatory cells can affect endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and activation by secreting a variety of cytokines via various inflammation-relative signaling pathways and thus participate in the process of angiogenesis. However, the mechanism of inflammation-mediated angiogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Hence, this review aimed to discuss the mechanism of inflammation-mediated angiogenesis in IS and to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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43
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Chen Z, Chen K, Li J, Shen J, Xu W. Elevated Levels of Endoglin, Endostatin, FGF-α, HGF, and Thrombospondin-2 in Aqueous Humor of nAMD Patients. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 30:1092-1098. [PMID: 33793358 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1869785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: to explore the aqueous cytokine profiles in nAMD patients before and after conbercept therapy.Methods: aqueous levels of 17 cytokines were detected in 20 treatment-naïve nAMD eyes and 20 age- and sex-matched age-related cataract (ARC) eyes. All of the nAMD patients received three intravitreal injections of conbercept. The central macular thickness (CMT) and maximum retinal thickness-3 mm (MRT-3 mm) were measured by SD-OCT. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) was used to measure the greatest linear diameter (GLD).Results: Aqueous endoglin, endostatin, FGF-α, HGF, and thrombospondin-2 levels were significantly higher in the nAMD group than those in the ARC group, whether before or after two conbercept injections. In the nAMD group, baseline thrombospondin-2 was positively correlated with GLD. Baseline FGF-α, thrombospondin-2, and VEGF-A were positively correlated with MRT-3 mm. After two conbercept injections, endostatin levels were positively correlated with VEGF-A.Conclusions: Endoglin, endostatin, FGF-α, HGF, and thrombospondin-2 may participate in the pathogenesis of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kailin Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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44
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Liu G, Chen T, Ding Z, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Inhibition of FGF-FGFR and VEGF-VEGFR signalling in cancer treatment. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13009. [PMID: 33655556 PMCID: PMC8016646 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sites of targeted therapy are limited and need to be expanded. The FGF‐FGFR signalling plays pivotal roles in the oncogenic process, and FGF/FGFR inhibitors are a promising method to treat FGFR‐altered tumours. The VEGF‐VEGFR signalling is the most crucial pathway to induce angiogenesis, and inhibiting this cascade has already got success in treating tumours. While both their efficacy and antitumour spectrum are limited, combining FGF/FGFR inhibitors with VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors are an excellent way to optimize the curative effect and expand the antitumour range because their combination can target both tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, biomarkers need to be developed to predict the efficacy, and combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors is a promising direction in the future. The article will discuss the FGF‐FGFR signalling pathway, the VEGF‐VEGFR signalling pathway, the rationale of combining these two signalling pathways and recent small‐molecule FGFR/VEGFR inhibitors based on clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Cardiology Department, Chengdu NO.7 People's Hospital, Chengdu Tumor Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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45
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Ricard N, Bailly S, Guignabert C, Simons M. The quiescent endothelium: signalling pathways regulating organ-specific endothelial normalcy. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:565-580. [PMID: 33627876 PMCID: PMC7903932 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are at the interface between circulating blood and tissues. This position confers on them a crucial role in controlling oxygen and nutrient exchange and cellular trafficking between blood and the perfused organs. The endothelium adopts a structure that is specific to the needs and function of each tissue and organ and is subject to tissue-specific signalling input. In adults, endothelial cells are quiescent, meaning that they are not proliferating. Quiescence was considered to be a state in which endothelial cells are not stimulated but are instead slumbering and awaiting activating signals. However, new evidence shows that quiescent endothelium is fully awake, that it constantly receives and initiates functionally important signalling inputs and that this state is actively regulated. Signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of functionally quiescent endothelia are starting to be identified and are a combination of endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and mechanical inputs. The paracrine pathways confer a microenvironment on the endothelial cells that is specific to the perfused organs and tissues. In this Review, we present the current knowledge of organ-specific signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of endothelial quiescence and the pathologies associated with their disruption. Linking organ-specific pathways and human vascular pathologies will pave the way towards the development of innovative preventive strategies and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ricard
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Sabine Bailly
- grid.457348.9Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- grid.414221.0INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Simons
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Swietlik EM, Greene D, Zhu N, Megy K, Cogliano M, Rajaram S, Pandya D, Tilly T, Lutz KA, Welch CC, Pauciulo MW, Southgate L, Martin JM, Treacy CM, Penkett CJ, Stephens JC, Bogaard HJ, Church C, Coghlan G, Coleman AW, Condliffe R, Eichstaedt CA, Eyries M, Gall H, Ghio S, Girerd B, Grünig E, Holden S, Howard L, Humbert M, Kiely DG, Kovacs G, Lordan J, Machado RD, MacKenzie Ross RV, McCabe C, Moledina S, Montani D, Olschewski H, Pepke-Zaba J, Price L, Rhodes CJ, Seeger W, Soubrier F, Suntharalingam J, Toshner MR, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Wharton J, Wild JM, Wort SJ, Lawrie A, Wilkins MR, Trembath RC, Shen Y, Chung WK, Swift AJ, Nichols WC, Morrell NW, Gräf S. Bayesian Inference Associates Rare KDR Variants with Specific Phenotypes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 14. [PMID: 33320693 PMCID: PMC7892262 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background - Approximately 25% of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been found to harbor rare mutations in disease-causing genes. To identify missing heritability in PAH we integrated deep phenotyping with whole-genome sequencing data using Bayesian statistics. Methods - We analyzed 13,037 participants enrolled in the NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases (NBR) study, of which 1,148 were recruited to the PAH domain. To test for genetic associations between genes and selected phenotypes of pulmonary hypertension (PH), we used the Bayesian rare-variant association method BeviMed. Results - Heterozygous, high impact, likely loss-of-function variants in the Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) gene were strongly associated with significantly reduced transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide (KCO, posterior probability (PP)=0.989) and older age at diagnosis (PP=0.912). We also provide evidence for familial segregation of a rare nonsense KDR variant with these phenotypes. On computed tomographic imaging of the lungs, a range of parenchymal abnormalities were observed in the five patients harboring these predicted deleterious variants in KDR. Four additional PAH cases with rare likely loss-of-function variants in KDR were independently identified in the US PAH Biobank cohort with similar phenotypic characteristics. Conclusions - The Bayesian inference approach allowed us to independently validate KDR, which encodes for the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2), as a novel PAH candidate gene. Furthermore, this approach specifically associated high impact likely loss-of-function variants in the genetically constrained gene with distinct phenotypes. These findings provide evidence for KDR being a clinically actionable PAH gene and further support the central role of the vascular endothelium in the pathobiology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Daniel Greene
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics (N.Z., C.C.L.W.), Columbia University, NY
- Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
| | - Karyn Megy
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Marcella Cogliano
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Smitha Rajaram
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (S.R.)
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Tobias Tilly
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Katie A. Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
| | | | - Michael W. Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Laura Southgate
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, United Kingdom (L.S., R.D.M.)
| | - Jennifer M. Martin
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Carmen M. Treacy
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
| | - Christopher J. Penkett
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Jonathan C. Stephens
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
| | - Harm J. Bogaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.B., A.V.N.)
| | - Colin Church
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow (C.C.)
| | | | - Anna W. Coleman
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
| | - Robin Condliffe
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, United Kingdom (R.C., D.G.K.)
| | - Christina A. Eichstaedt
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Diagnostics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University (C.A.E.)
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik gGmbH Heidelberg at Heidelberg University Hospital (C.A.E., E.G.)
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany (C.A.E., E.G.)
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris & UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France (M.E., F.S.)
| | - Henning Gall
- University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany (H.G., W.S.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (S. Ghio)
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik gGmbH Heidelberg at Heidelberg University Hospital (C.A.E., E.G.)
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany (C.A.E., E.G.)
| | - Simon Holden
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (S.H., N.W.M.)
| | - Luke Howard
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - David G. Kiely
- Sheffield Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, United Kingdom (R.C., D.G.K.)
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research (G.K., H.O.)
- Medical University of Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
| | - Jim Lordan
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.L.)
| | - Rajiv D. Machado
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, United Kingdom (L.S., R.D.M.)
| | | | - Colm McCabe
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | | | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de référence de l’hypertension pulmonaire (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France (B.G., M.H., D.M.)
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research (G.K., H.O.)
- Medical University of Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
| | - Joanna Pepke-Zaba
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Laura Price
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- University of Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and of the Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany (H.G., W.S.)
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Département de génétique, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris & UMR_S 1166-ICAN, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France (M.E., F.S.)
| | | | - Mark R. Toshner
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands (H.J.B., A.V.N.)
| | - John Wharton
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - James M. Wild
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Stephen John Wort
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (C.M., L.P., S.J.W.)
| | | | | | | | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (L.H., C.M., L.P., C.J.R., J.W., S.J.W., M.R.W.)
| | - Richard C. Trembath
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, United Kingdom (R.C.T.)
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology (N.Z., Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.S.), Columbia University, NY
| | | | - Andrew J. Swift
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield (M.C., J.M.W., A.L., A.J.S.)
| | - William C. Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (K.A.L., M.W.P., A.W.C., W.C.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (M.W.P., W.C.N.)
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge (S.H., N.W.M.)
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (J.P.-Z., M.R.T., N.W.M.)
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine (E.M.S., D.P., T.T., C.M.T., M.R.T., N.W.M., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- Department of Haematology (D.G., K.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., S. Gräf), University of Cambridge
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.G., K.M., J.M.M., C.J.P., J.C.S., N.W.M., S. Gräf)
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47
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Li J, Liu H, Srivastava SP, Hu Q, Gao R, Li S, Kitada M, Wu G, Koya D, Kanasaki K. Endothelial FGFR1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1) Deficiency Contributes Differential Fibrogenic Effects in Kidney and Heart of Diabetic Mice. Hypertension 2020; 76:1935-1944. [PMID: 33131311 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been shown to contribute to organ fibrogenesis. We have reported that N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl- lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) restored levels of diabetes mellitus-suppressed FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1), the endothelial receptor essential for combating EndMT. However, the molecular regulation and biological/pathological significance of the AcSDKP-FGFR1 relationship has not been elucidated yet. Here, we demonstrated that endothelial FGFR1 deficiency led to AcSDKP-resistant EndMT and severe fibrosis associated with EndMT-stimulated fibrogenic programming in neighboring cells. Diabetes mellitus induced severe kidney fibrosis in endothelial FGFR1-deficient mice (FGFR1fl/fl; VE-cadherin-Cre: FGFR1EKO) but not in control mice (FGFR1fl/fl); AcSDKP completely or partially suppressed kidney fibrosis in control or FGFR1EKO mice. Severe fibrosis was also induced in hearts of diabetic FGFR1EKO mice; however, AcSDKP had no effect on heart fibrosis in FGFR1EKO mice. AcSDKP also had no effect on EndMT in either kidney or heart but partially suppressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in kidneys of diabetic FGFR1EKO mice. The medium from FGFR1-deficient endothelial cells stimulated TGFβ (transforming growth factor β)/Smad-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cultured human proximal tubule epithelial cell line, AcSDKP inhibited such epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These data demonstrated that endothelial FGFR1 is essential as an antifibrotic core molecule as the target of AcSDKP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, PR China (J.L., G.W.)
| | - Haijie Liu
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (S.P.S.).,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT (S.P.S.)
| | - Qiongying Hu
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rongfen Gao
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shaolan Li
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute (M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, PR China (J.L., G.W.)
| | - Daisuke Koya
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute (M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- From the Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology (J.L., H.L., S.P.S., Q.H., R.G., S., M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute (M.K., D.K., K.K.), Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Japan (K.K.)
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48
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Chen K, Xu W, Zheng J, Shen Y, Ma J, Chen Z. Angiogenin, FGF-α, and IL-36β have higher expression levels in aqueous humor of nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:431. [PMID: 33115414 PMCID: PMC7592502 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous cytokines have been proven to participate in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The present study aimed to investigate the aqueous humor cytokine expression profile in nAMD patients before and after ranibizumab treatments in comparison to cataract patients. Methods This prospective study included 20 treatment-naïve nAMD eyes of 20 patients who received three consecutive monthly injections of ranibizumab. Aqueous humor samples were collected before the first (baseline), second (1 month later), and third (2 months later) injections. Controls were 20 age- and gender-matched cataract patients without any other ocular disease. The aqueous concentrations of 28 cytokines were measured using a multiplex bead assay. Central macular thickness (CMT) and maximum retinal thickness (MRT)-3 mm were measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The greatest linear diameter (GLD) was measured by fundus fluorescein angiography (FA). Results Three cytokines in aqueous humor, including angiogenin, interleukin-36β (IL-36β), and fibroblast growth factor-acidic (FGF-α) were significantly higher in nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients, both before and after two consecutive monthly ranibizumab injections. Compared with the nAMD patients’ basal levels, two consecutive monthly ranibizumab injections effectively reduced the aqueous concentrations of VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF), as well as the values of CMT, MRT-3 mm, and GLD. Conclusions Angiogenin, IL-36β, and FGF-α have higher expression levels in nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients, both before and after 2 months of ranibizumab therapy. These cytokines may have correlations with the pathogenesis of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P. R. China.
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49
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Santolla MF, Maggiolini M. The FGF/FGFR System in Breast Cancer: Oncogenic Features and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3029. [PMID: 33081025 PMCID: PMC7603197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the treatment of breast cancer is the heterogeneous nature of the disease. With multiple subtypes of breast cancer identified, there is an unmet clinical need for the development of therapies particularly for the less tractable subtypes. Several transduction mechanisms are involved in the progression of breast cancer, therefore making the assessment of the molecular landscape that characterizes each patient intricate. Over the last decade, numerous studies have focused on the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to target the main pathways dysregulated in breast cancer, however their effectiveness is often limited either by resistance to treatments or the appearance of adverse effects. In this context, the fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) system represents an emerging transduction pathway and therapeutic target to be fully investigated among the diverse anti-cancer settings in breast cancer. Here, we have recapitulated previous studies dealing with FGFR molecular aberrations, such as the gene amplification, point mutations, and chromosomal translocations that occur in breast cancer. Furthermore, alterations in the FGF/FGFR signaling across the different subtypes of breast cancer have been described. Next, we discussed the functional interplay between the FGF/FGFR axis and important components of the breast tumor microenvironment. Lastly, we pointed out the therapeutic usefulness of FGF/FGFR inhibitors, as revealed by preclinical and clinical models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
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50
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Chao CM, Chong L, Chu X, Shrestha A, Behnke J, Ehrhardt H, Zhang J, Chen C, Bellusci S. Targeting Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension (BPD-PH): Potential Role of the FGF Signaling Pathway in the Development of the Pulmonary Vascular System. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081875. [PMID: 32796770 PMCID: PMC7464452 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years after the first description of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by Northway, this chronic lung disease affecting many preterm infants is still poorly understood. Additonally, approximately 40% of preterm infants suffering from severe BPD also suffer from Bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH), leading to a significant increase in total morbidity and mortality. Until today, there is no curative therapy for both BPD and BPD-PH available. It has become increasingly evident that growth factors are playing a central role in normal and pathologic development of the pulmonary vasculature. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent evidence in our understanding of BPD-PH from a basic scientific point of view, focusing on the potential role of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF10 signaling pathway contributing to disease development, progression and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Ming Chao
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Z.); (C.C.)
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (X.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392 Gießen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Lei Chong
- Institute of Pediatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
| | - Xuran Chu
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (X.C.); (A.S.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (X.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Judith Behnke
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392 Gießen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (H.E.)
| | - Harald Ehrhardt
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstrasse 12, D-35392 Gießen, Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.B.); (H.E.)
| | - Jinsan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Z.); (C.C.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Life Science Institute, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.Z.); (C.C.)
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (X.C.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (S.B.)
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