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Tang W, Wang Q, Sun M, Liu C, Huang Y, Zhou M, Zhang X, Meng Z, Zhang J. The gut microbiota-oligodendrocyte axis: A promising pathway for modulating oligodendrocyte homeostasis and demyelination-associated disorders. Life Sci 2024; 354:122952. [PMID: 39127317 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The bidirectional regulation between the gut microbiota and brain, known as gut-brain axis, has received significant attention. The myelin sheath, produced by oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells, is essential for efficient nervous signal transmission and the maintenance of brain function. Growing evidence shows that both oligodendrogenesis and myelination are modulated by gut microbiota and its metabolites, and when dysbiosis occurs, changes in the microbiota composition and/or associated metabolites may impact developmental myelination and the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Although the link between the microbiota and demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis has been extensively studied, our knowledge about the role of the microbiota in other myelin-related disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, is limited. Mechanistically, the microbiota-oligodendrocyte axis is primarily mediated by factors such as inflammation, the vagus nerve, endocrine hormones, and microbiota metabolites as evidenced by metagenomics, metabolomics, vagotomy, and morphological and molecular approaches. Treatments targeting this axis include probiotics, prebiotics, microbial metabolites, herbal bioactive compounds, and specific dietary management. In addition to the commonly used approaches, viral vector-mediated tracing and gene manipulation, integrated multiomics and multicenter clinical trials will greatly promote the mechanistic and interventional studies and ultimately, the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies against gut-oligodendrocyte axis-mediated brain impairments. Interestingly, recent findings showed that microbiota dysbiosis can be induced by hippocampal myelin damage and is reversible by myelin-targeted drugs, which provides new insights into understanding how hippocampus-based functional impairment (such as in neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease) regulates the peripheral homeostasis of microbiota and associated systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Western Hospital, Chongqing 400052, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingguang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chang''e Liu
- Department of Nutrition, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yonghua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Maohu Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhaoyou Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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2
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Steckler R, Magzal F, Kokot M, Walkowiak J, Tamir S. Disrupted gut harmony in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Dysbiosis and decreased short-chain fatty acids. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100829. [PMID: 39184374 PMCID: PMC11342906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with complex genetic and environmental underpinnings. Emerging evidence suggests a significant role of gut microbiota in ADHD pathophysiology. This study investigates variations in gut microbiota composition and Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) profiles between children and adolescents with ADHD and healthy controls. Methods The study included 42 ADHD patients and 31 healthy controls, aged 6-18 years. Fecal samples were analyzed for microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and for SCFA profiles through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study assessed both α and β diversity of gut microbiota and quantified various SCFAs to compare between the groups. Results ADHD subjects demonstrated significantly reduced gut microbiota diversity, as indicated by lower α-diversity indices (Shannon index, Observed species, Faith PD index) and a trend towards significance in β-diversity (Weighted UniFrac). Notably, the ADHD group exhibited significantly lower levels of key SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids, highlighting a distinct microbial and metabolic profile in these individuals. Conclusion This study uncovers significant alterations in gut microbiota and SCFA profiles in children with ADHD, compared to healthy controls. The observed changes in SCFAs, known for their associations with other behavioral and neurologic pathologies, and for their role in neural signaling. These findings offer a metabolite fingerprint that could potentially lead to novel diagnostic and treatment approaches for ADHD, emphasizing the importance of gut microbiota in the disorder's pathogenesis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Steckler
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
- Tel Hai Academic College, Israel
- Human Health and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Israel
| | - Faiga Magzal
- Tel Hai Academic College, Israel
- Human Health and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Israel
| | - Marta Kokot
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Snait Tamir
- Tel Hai Academic College, Israel
- Human Health and Nutrition Sciences Laboratory, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Israel
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3
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Gangaiah D, Gu M, Zaparte A, Will O, Dolan LC, Goering A, Pillai J, Mane SP, Plata G, Helmes EB, Welsh DA, Mahajan AK. Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains PTA-126787 and PTA-126788 on intestinal barrier integrity and immune homeostasis in an alcohol-induced leaky gut model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19584. [PMID: 39179898 PMCID: PMC11344072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier is a first line of defense that prevents entry of various harmful substances from the lumen into the systemic environment. Impaired barrier function with consequent translocation of harmful substances into systemic circulation ("leaky gut") is a central theme in many gastrointestinal, autoimmune, mental, and metabolic diseases. Probiotics have emerged as a promising strategy to maintain intestinal integrity and address "leaky gut". Using in silico, in vitro and avian in vivo analyses, we previously showed that two novel L. reuteri strains, PTA-126787 (L. reuteri 3630) and PTA-126788 (L. reuteri 3632), isolated from broiler chickens possess favorable safety profiles. Consistent with a recent study, here we show that L. reuteri 3630 and 3632 are phylogenetically similar to human L. reuteri strains. Daily administration of high doses of L. reuteri 3630 and 3632 to Sprague Dawley rats for 28 days was found to be safe with no adverse effects. More importantly, administration of L. reuteri 3630 and 3632 significantly reduced markers associated with alcohol-induced leaky gut, by downregulating inflammatory cytokines and upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines in an alcohol model of leaky gut in mice. While L. reuteri 3630 cells and supernatant showed no activation, L. reuteri 3632 cells but not supernatant showed activation of AhR, a key transcription factor that regulates gut and immune homeostasis. L. reuteri 3630 is creamish white in morphology typical of Lactobacillus species and L. reuteri 3632 displays a unique orange pigmentation, which was stable even after passaging for 480 generations. We identified a rare polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster in L. reuteri 3632 that likely encodes for the orange-pigmented secondary metabolite. Similar to L. reuteri 3632 cells, the purified orange metabolite activated AhR. All together, these data provide evidence on the phylogenetic relatedness, safety, efficacy, and one of the likely mechanisms of action of L. reuteri 3630 and 3632 for potential probiotic applications to address "leaky gut" and associated pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Aline Zaparte
- Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Olaf Will
- Elanco Animal Health, Inc., Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim Am Rhein, Germany
| | - Laurie C Dolan
- GRAS Associates, 1180 Grand Park Avenue, North Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | | | - Jason Pillai
- MicroMGx, Inc., 3440 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | | | - German Plata
- BiomEdit, LLC, 2710 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA
| | - Emily B Helmes
- BiomEdit, LLC, 2710 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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4
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Carbone MG, Maremmani I. Chronic Cocaine Use and Parkinson's Disease: An Interpretative Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1105. [PMID: 39200714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the growing "epidemic" spread of cocaine use represents a crucial public health and social problem worldwide. According to the 2023 World Drug Report, 0.4% of the world's population aged 15 to 64 report using cocaine; this number corresponds to approximately 24.6 million cocaine users worldwide and approximately 1 million subjects with cocaine use disorder (CUD). While we specifically know the short-term side effects induced by cocaine, unfortunately, we currently do not have exhaustive information about the medium/long-term side effects of the substance on the body. The scientific literature progressively highlights that the chronic use of cocaine is related to an increase in cardio- and cerebrovascular risk and probably to a greater incidence of psychomotor symptoms and neurodegenerative processes. Several studies have highlighted an increased risk of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) in patients with psychotic spectrum disorders comorbid with psychostimulant abuse. EPSs include movement dysfunction such as dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and characteristic symptoms of Parkinsonism such as rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. In the present paper, we propose a model of interpretation of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the hypothesized increased vulnerability in chronic cocaine abusers to neurodegenerative disorders with psychomotor symptoms. Specifically, we supposed that the chronic administration of cocaine produces significant neurobiological changes, causing a complex dysregulation of various neurotransmitter systems, mainly affecting subcortical structures and the dopaminergic pathways. We believe that a better understanding of these cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in cocaine-induced neuropsychotoxicity may have helpful clinical implications and provide targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Glauco Carbone
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Viale Luigi Borri 57, 21100 Varese, Italy
- VP Dole Research Group, G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Via di Pratale 3, 56121 Pisa, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Icro Maremmani
- VP Dole Research Group, G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Via di Pratale 3, 56121 Pisa, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Addiction Research Methods Institute, World Federation for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence, 225 Varick Street, Suite 402, New York, NY 10014, USA
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5
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Esposito P, Dubé-Zinatelli E, Krnel R, Cappelletti L, Liang J, Ismail N. Sex-dependent effects of antimicrobials and lipopolysaccharide on blood-brain-barrier permeability in pubertal male and female CD1 mice. Horm Behav 2024; 165:105615. [PMID: 39154391 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to stressors during puberty can disrupt normal development and possibly increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between pubertal stress exposure and neurodegeneration remain unclear. As such, the current study was designed to examine the effects of pubertal antimicrobial (AMNS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatments on intestinal and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability in male and female mice. Moreover, we also examined the sex-specific effects of pubertal AMNS and LPS treatments on gross motor activity, heart rate, and core body temperature. At four weeks of age, male and female CD1 mice were implanted with the G2 HR E-Mitter telemetry system. At five weeks of age, mice received 200 μL of broad-spectrum antimicrobial or water, through oral gavage, twice daily for seven days. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of either saline or LPS at six weeks of age. BBB and intestinal permeability were examined 24 h, 72 h, and one week post-LPS/saline treatment. Telemetric data was collected for 48 h post-LPS/saline treatment. The results showed that pubertal AMNS and LPS treatments increased sickness behaviours and decreased body temperature and heart rate, in a sex-dependent manner. Furthermore, pubertal AMNS and LPS treatments resulted in sex-dependent regional increases in BBB permeability 24 h and 72 h post-LPS/saline treatment, while global increases in BBB permeability were only observed one week post-LPS/saline treatment. These results further our understanding of the combined effects of AMNS and LPS treatments on physiology and on the enduring negative changes observed following pubertal exposure to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Eleni Dubé-Zinatelli
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rebecca Krnel
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Luna Cappelletti
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jacky Liang
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; LIFE Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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6
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Choi YJ, Kim Y, Hwang S. Role of Neutrophils in the Development of Steatotic Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 39117322 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the biological aspects of neutrophils, their contributions to the development of steatotic liver disease, and their potential as therapeutic targets for the disease. Although alcohol-associated and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver diseases originate from distinct etiological factors, the two diseases frequently share excessive lipid accumulation as a common contributor to their pathogenesis, thereby classifying them as types of steatotic liver disease. Dysregulated lipid deposition in the liver induces hepatic injury, triggering the activation of the innate immunity, partially through neutrophil recruitment. Traditionally recognized for their role in microbial clearance, neutrophils have recently garnered attention for their involvement in sterile inflammation, a pivotal component of steatotic liver disease pathogenesis. In conclusion, technological innovations, including single-cell RNA sequencing, have gradually disclosed the existence of various neutrophil subsets; however, how the distinct subsets of neutrophil population contribute differentially to the development of steatotic liver disease remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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7
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Meijnikman AS, Nieuwdorp M, Schnabl B. Endogenous ethanol production in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:556-571. [PMID: 38831008 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts metabolic actions on distal tissues and organs outside the intestine, partly through microbial metabolites that diffuse into the circulation. The disruption of gut homeostasis results in changes to microbial metabolites, and more than half of the variance in the plasma metabolome can be explained by the gut microbiome. Ethanol is a major microbial metabolite that is produced in the intestine of nearly all individuals; however, elevated ethanol production is associated with pathological conditions such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and auto-brewery syndrome, in which the liver's capacity to metabolize ethanol is surpassed. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms underlying excessive ethanol production in the gut and the role of ethanol catabolism in mediating pathogenic effects of ethanol on the liver and host metabolism. We conclude by discussing approaches to target excessive ethanol production by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Diabeter Centrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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8
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Franza L, Caldarelli M, Villani ER, Cianci R. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases: Exploring the Role of Microbiota and Immunity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1645. [PMID: 39200110 PMCID: PMC11352091 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries, thus representing a global health concern. CVDs show different patterns in terms of the prevalence and presentation in men and women. The role of sex hormones has been extensively implicated in these sex-specific differences, due to the presence of the menstrual cycle and menopause in women. Moreover, the gut microbiota (GM) has been implicated in cardiovascular health, considering the growing evidence that it is involved in determining the development of specific diseases. In particular, gut-derived metabolites have been linked to CVDs and kidney disorders, which can in turn promote the progression of CVDs. Considering the differences in the composition of GM between men and women, it is possible that gut microbiota act as a mediator in regard to the sex disparities in CVDs. This narrative review aims to comprehensively review the interplay between sex, GM, and CVDs, discussing potential mechanisms and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Franza
- Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Emergency Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Caldarelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rocco Villani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- UOC Geriatra-Disturbi Cognitivi e Demenze, Dipartimento di Cure Primarie, AUSL Modena, 41012 Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy
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9
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Leclercq S. Involvement of the gut microbiome-brain axis in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae050. [PMID: 39042929 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is colonized by a variety of microorganisms that influence the immune system, the metabolic response, and the nervous system, with consequences for brain function and behavior. Unbalance in this microbial ecosystem has been shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders, and altered gut microbiome composition related to bacteria, viruses, and fungi has been well established in patients with alcohol use disorder. This review describes the gut microbiome-brain communication pathways, including the ones related to the vagus nerve, the inflammatory cytokines, and the gut-derived metabolites. Finally, the potential benefits of microbiota-based therapies for the management of alcohol use disorder, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leclercq
- Laboratory of Nutritional Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Nosal BM, Thornton SN, Darooghegi Mofrad M, Sakaki JR, Mahoney KJ, Macdonald Z, Daddi L, Tran TDB, Weinstock G, Zhou Y, Lee ECH, Chun OK. Blackcurrants shape gut microbiota profile and reduce risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis via the gut-bone axis: Evidence from a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109701. [PMID: 39019119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of blackcurrant (BC) on gut microbiota abundance and composition, inflammatory and immune responses, and their relationship with bone mass changes. The effects of BC on bone mineral density (BMD), gut microbiota, and blood inflammatory and immune biomarkers were evaluated using DXA, stool and fasting blood collected from a pilot three-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Fifty-one peri- and early postmenopausal women aged 45-60 years were randomly assigned into one of three treatment groups for 6 months: control, low BC (392 mg/day) and high BC (784 mg/day); and 40 women completed the trial. BC supplementation for 6 months effectively mitigated the loss of whole-body BMD (P<.05). Six-month changes (%) in peripheral IL-1β (P=.056) and RANKL (P=.052) for the high BC group were marginally significantly lower than the control group. Six-month changes in whole-body BMD were inversely correlated with changes in RANKL (P<.01). In proteome analysis, four plasma proteins showed increased expression in the high BC group: IGFBP4, tetranectin, fetuin-B, and vitamin K-dependent protein S. BC dose-dependently increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus 2 (P<.05), one of six bacteria correlated with BMD changes in the high BC group (P<.05), suggesting it might be the key bacteria that drove bone protective effects. Daily BC consumption for 6 months mitigated bone loss in this population potentially through modulating the gut microbiota composition and suppressing osteoclastogenic cytokines. Larger-scale clinical trials on the potential benefits of BC and connection of Ruminococcus 2 with BMD maintenance in postmenopausal women are warranted. Trial Registration: NCT04431960, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04431960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana M Nosal
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Staci N Thornton
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | | | - Junichi R Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Kyle J Mahoney
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | | | - Lauren Daddi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
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11
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Kim S, Seo SU, Kweon MN. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites tune host homeostasis fate. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:2. [PMID: 38990345 PMCID: PMC11239740 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, housing trillions of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract, has emerged as a critical regulator of host health and homeostasis. Through complex metabolic interactions, these microorganisms produce a diverse range of metabolites that substantially impact various physiological processes within the host. This review aims to delve into the intricate relationships of gut microbiota-derived metabolites and their influence on the host homeostasis. We will explore how these metabolites affect crucial aspects of host physiology, including metabolism, mucosal integrity, and communication among gut tissues. Moreover, we will spotlight the potential therapeutic applications of targeting these metabolites to restore and sustain host equilibrium. Understanding the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and their metabolites is crucial for developing innovative strategies to promote wellbeing and improve outcomes of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungil Kim
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine / Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine / Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Duan W, Liu F, Ren Y, Zhang X, Shi JS, Xue Y, Xu ZH, Geng Y. Differences in the Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria To Prevent Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury via the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid-Liver Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15265-15275. [PMID: 38918075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics can regulate gut microbiota and protect against acute alcohol-induced liver injury through the gut-liver axis. However, efficacy is strain-dependent, and their mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E10 (E10), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum M (M), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG (LGG), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JN-1 (JN-1), and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JN-8 (JN-8), on the prevention of acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. We found that LAB pretreatment reduced serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and reduced hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). JN-8 pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy in improving hepatic antioxidation. LGG and JN-8 pretreatment significantly attenuated hepatic and colonic inflammation by decreasing the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and increasing the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10). JN-1 and JN-8 pretreatments have better preventive effects than other LAB pretreatment on intestinal barrier dysfunction. In addition, the LAB pretreatment improved gut microbial dysbiosis and bile acid (BA) metabolic abnormality. All of the strains were confirmed to have bile salt deconjugation capacities in vitro, where M and JN-8 displayed higher activities. This study provides new insights into the prevention and mechanism of LAB strains in preventing acute alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Duan
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Brewing Technology Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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13
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Dmytriv TR, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Intestinal barrier permeability: the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and exercise. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1380713. [PMID: 39040079 PMCID: PMC11260943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1380713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal wall is a selectively permeable barrier between the content of the intestinal lumen and the internal environment of the body. Disturbances of intestinal wall permeability can potentially lead to unwanted activation of the enteric immune system due to excessive contact with gut microbiota and its components, and the development of endotoxemia, when the level of bacterial lipopolysaccharides increases in the blood, causing chronic low-intensity inflammation. In this review, the following aspects are covered: the structure of the intestinal wall barrier; the influence of the gut microbiota on the permeability of the intestinal wall via the regulation of functioning of tight junction proteins, synthesis/degradation of mucus and antioxidant effects; the molecular mechanisms of activation of the pro-inflammatory response caused by bacterial invasion through the TLR4-induced TIRAP/MyD88 and TRAM/TRIF signaling cascades; the influence of nutrition on intestinal permeability, and the influence of exercise with an emphasis on exercise-induced heat stress and hypoxia. Overall, this review provides some insight into how to prevent excessive intestinal barrier permeability and the associated inflammatory processes involved in many if not most pathologies. Some diets and physical exercise are supposed to be non-pharmacological approaches to maintain the integrity of intestinal barrier function and provide its efficient operation. However, at an early age, the increased intestinal permeability has a hormetic effect and contributes to the development of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana R. Dmytriv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Liu H, Fan D, Wang J, Wang Y, Li A, Wu S, Zhang B, Liu J, Wang S. Lactobacillus rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 Isolated from Infant Feces Ameliorates the Alcoholic Liver Damage by Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier in C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2139. [PMID: 38999886 PMCID: PMC11243132 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term or heavy drinking, and it may further progress into alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Probiotic supplements have been suggested for the prevention or improvement of liver damage. This study was designed to consider the ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 isolated from infant feces against alcoholic liver damage. The mice were gavaged with a 50% ethanol solution and treated with 109 CFU of L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 suspension. The factors for liver function, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut microbiota composition, and intestinal barrier integrity were measured. The results showed that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could decrease the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to 61% and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to 50% compared with ethanol given by gavage. It could inhibit the expression level of malondialdehyde (MDA), increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) to relieve oxidative stress, and down-regulate the cytokines to decrease hepatic inflammation. After treatment, the level of triglycerides was reduced, and the expression levels of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) pathway were up-regulated. Additionally, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, etc. At the same time, L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could significantly reduce lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and enhance intestinal tight junction proteins. These results demonstrated that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could reduce the level of oxidative stress, fat accumulation, and liver inflammation caused by alcohol in the host. The underlying mechanism could be that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 inhibits LPS by regulating the gut microbiota and repairing the intestinal barrier. Thereby, these findings support L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 as a potential functional food for the relief of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dancai Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuanyifei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sihao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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15
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Cheng Z, Yang L, Chu H. The role of gut microbiota, exosomes, and their interaction in the pathogenesis of ALD. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00268-6. [PMID: 38969094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver disorders caused by alcohol abuse are termed alcoholic-related liver disease (ALD), including alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis, posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, ALD pathogenesis has not been completely clarified, which is likely to be related to the direct damage caused by alcohol and its metabolic products, oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, and exosomes. AIMS The existing studies suggest that both the gut microbiota and exosomes contribute to the development of ALD. Moreover, there exists an interaction between the gut microbiota and exosomes. We discuss whether this interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of ALD and whether it can be a potential therapeutic target for ALD treatment. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Chronic alcohol intake alters the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, which greatly contributes to ALD's progression. Some approaches targeting the gut microbiota, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and phage therapy, have been confirmed to effectively ameliorate ALD in many animal experiments and/or several clinical trials. In ALD, the levels of exosomes and the expression profile of microRNA have also changed, which affects the pathogenesis of ALD. Moreover, there is an interplay between exosomes and the gut microbiota, which also putatively acts as a pathogenic factor of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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16
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Escudero B, López-Valencia L, Arias Horcajadas F, Orio L. Divergent Roles of APOAI and APOM in the Identification of Alcohol Use Disorder and Their Association With Inflammation and Cognitive Decline: A Pilot Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae029. [PMID: 38970624 PMCID: PMC11287869 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) courses with inflammation and cognitive decline. Apolipoproteins have emerged as novel target compounds related to inflammatory processes and cognition. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on abstinent AUD patients with at least 1 month of abstinence (n = 33; 72.7% men) and healthy controls (n = 34; 47.1% men). A battery of plasma apolipoproteins (APOAI, APOAII, APOB, APOCII, APOE, APOJ, and APOM), plasma inflammatory markers (LPS, LBP), and their influence on cognition and presence of the disorder were investigated. RESULTS Higher levels of plasma APOAI, APOB, APOE, and APOJ, as well as the proinflammatory LPS, were observed in the AUD group, irrespective of sex, whereas APOM levels were lower vs controls. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses, adjusting for covariates (age, sex, education), associated APOM with the absence of cognitive impairment in AUD and identified APOAI and APOM as strong predictors of the presence or absence of the disorder, respectively. APOAI and APOM did not correlate with alcohol abuse variables or liver status markers, but they showed an opposite profile in their associations with LPS (positive for APOAI; negative for APOM) and cognition (negative for APOAI; positive for APOM) in the entire sample. CONCLUSIONS The HDL constituents APOAI and APOM were differentially regulated in the plasma of AUD patients compared with controls, playing divergent roles in the disorder identification and associations with inflammation and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Escudero
- Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Leticia López-Valencia
- Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Francisco Arias Horcajadas
- Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Riapad: Research Network in Primary Care in Addictions, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Instituto de investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Riapad: Research Network in Primary Care in Addictions, Spain
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17
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Grodin EN, Burnette EM, Rodriguez C, Fulcher JA, Ray LA. The gut microbiome in alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease: A systematic review of clinical studies. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1221-1242. [PMID: 38719790 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that a relationship exists between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD). This systematic review identified studies that investigated the gut microbiome in individuals with an AUD or an AALD. A search was conducted on October 27, 2022, in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Fifty studies satisfied eligibility criteria. Most studies found evidence for gut dysbiosis in individuals with AUD and AALD. Microbiome intervention studies have mostly been conducted in AALD patients; fecal microbial transplant interventions show the most promise. Because most studies were conducted cross-sectionally, the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and alcohol use is unknown. Furthermore, almost all studies have been conducted in predominantly male populations, leaving critical questions regarding sex differences and generalizability of the findings. The study summaries and recommendations provided in this review seek to identify areas for further research and to highlight potential gut microbial interventions for treating AUD and AALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Burnette
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Crystal Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer A Fulcher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, David Gefen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Singh J, Vanlallawmzuali, Singh A, Biswal S, Zomuansangi R, Lalbiaktluangi C, Singh BP, Singh PK, Vellingiri B, Iyer M, Ram H, Udey B, Yadav MK. Microbiota-brain axis: Exploring the role of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders - A comprehensive review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 97:104068. [PMID: 38776563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness is a hidden epidemic in modern science that has gradually spread worldwide. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10% of the world's population suffers from various mental diseases each year. Worldwide, financial and health burdens on society are increasing annually. Therefore, understanding the different factors that can influence mental illness is required to formulate novel and effective treatments and interventions to combat mental illness. Gut microbiota, consisting of diverse microbial communities residing in the gastrointestinal tract, exert profound effects on the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. The gut-brain axis serves as a conduit for bidirectional communication between the two systems, enabling the gut microbiota to affect emotional and cognitive functions. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, is associated with an increased susceptibility to mental health disorders and psychiatric illnesses. Gut microbiota is one of the most diverse and abundant groups of microbes that have been found to interact with the central nervous system and play important physiological functions in the human gut, thus greatly affecting the development of mental illnesses. The interaction between gut microbiota and mental health-related illnesses is a multifaceted and promising field of study. This review explores the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences mental health, encompassing the modulation of neurotransmitter production, neuroinflammation, and integrity of the gut barrier. In addition, it emphasizes a thorough understanding of how the gut microbiome affects various psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vanlallawmzuali
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram Central University, Pachhunga University College Campus, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Suryanarayan Biswal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Ruth Zomuansangi
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - C Lalbiaktluangi
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (AES), National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pachhunga University College Campus, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Heera Ram
- Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
| | - Bharat Udey
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
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Maki KA, Wallen GR, Bastiaanssen TF, Hsu LY, Valencia ME, Ramchandani VA, Schwandt ML, Diazgranados N, Cryan JF, Momenan R, Barb JJ. The gut-brain axis in individuals with alcohol use disorder: An exploratory study of associations among clinical symptoms, brain morphometry, and the gut microbiome. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1261-1277. [PMID: 38982564 PMCID: PMC11239122 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is commonly associated with distressing psychological symptoms. Pathologic changes associated with AUD have been described in both the gut microbiome and brain, but the mechanisms underlying gut-brain signaling in individuals with AUD are unknown. This study examined associations among the gut microbiome, brain morphometry, and clinical symptoms in treatment-seeking individuals with AUD. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data collected during inpatient treatment for AUD in subjects who provided gut microbiome samples and had structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 16). Shotgun metagenomics sequencing was performed, and the morphometry of brain regions of interest was calculated. Clinical symptom severity was quantified using validated instruments. Gut-brain modules (GBMs) used to infer neuroactive signaling potential from the gut microbiome were generated in addition to microbiome features (e.g., alpha diversity and bacterial taxa abundance). Bivariate correlations were performed between MRI and clinical features, microbiome and clinical features, and MRI and microbiome features. RESULTS Amygdala volume was significantly associated with alpha diversity and the abundance of several bacteria including taxa classified to Blautia, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Phocaeicola. There were moderate associations between amygdala volume and GBMs, including butyrate synthesis I, glutamate synthesis I, and GABA synthesis I & II, but these relationships were not significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Other bacterial taxa with shared associations to MRI features and clinical symptoms included Escherichia coli and Prevotella copri. CONCLUSIONS We identified gut microbiome features associated with MRI morphometry and AUD-associated symptom severity. Given the small sample size and bivariate associations performed, these results require confirmation in larger samples and controls to provide meaningful clinical inferences. Nevertheless, these results will inform targeted future research on the role of the gut microbiome in gut-brain communication and how signaling may be altered in patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Maki
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Li-Yueh Hsu
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael E. Valencia
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Zhou X, Ganz AB, Rayner A, Cheng TY, Oba H, Rolnik B, Lancaster S, Lu X, Li Y, Johnson JS, Hoyd R, Spakowicz DJ, Slavich GM, Snyder MP. Dynamic Human Gut Microbiome and Immune Shifts During an Immersive Psychosocial Therapeutic Program. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600881. [PMID: 38979211 PMCID: PMC11230355 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide yet its underlying factors, particularly microbial associations, are poorly understood. Methods We examined the longitudinal interplay between the microbiome and immune system in the context of depression during an immersive psychosocial intervention. 142 multi-omics samples were collected from 52 well-characterized participants before, during, and three months after a nine-day inquiry-based stress reduction program. Results We found that depression was associated with both an increased presence of putatively pathogenic bacteria and reduced microbial beta-diversity. Following the intervention, we observed reductions in neuroinflammatory cytokines and improvements in several mental health indicators. Interestingly, participants with a Prevotella-dominant microbiome showed milder symptoms when depressed, along with a more resilient microbiome and more favorable inflammatory cytokine profile, including reduced levels of CXCL-1. Conclusions Our findings reveal a protective link between the Prevotella-dominant microbiome and depression, associated with a less inflammatory environment and moderated symptoms. These insights, coupled with observed improvements in neuroinflammatory markers and mental health from the intervention, highlight potential avenues for microbiome-targeted therapies in depression management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford university School of Medicine, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Ariel B. Ganz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Andre Rayner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Tess Yan Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Haley Oba
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Rolnik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Lancaster
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Xinrui Lu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yizhou Li
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jethro S. Johnson
- Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Hoyd
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, OH, USA
| | | | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford university School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Healthcare Innovation Lab, Stanford University, CA, USA
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21
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Samulėnaitė S, García-Blanco A, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Domingo-Rodríguez L, Cabana-Domínguez J, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Gago-García E, Pineda-Cirera L, Burokas A, Espinosa-Carrasco J, Arboleya S, Latorre J, Stanton C, Hosomi K, Kunisawa J, Cormand B, Fernández-Real JM, Maldonado R, Martín-García E. Gut microbiota signatures of vulnerability to food addiction in mice and humans. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331445. [PMID: 38926079 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction is a multifactorial disorder characterised by a loss of control over food intake that may promote obesity and alter gut microbiota composition. We have investigated the potential involvement of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms underlying food addiction. DESIGN We used the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) 2.0 criteria to classify extreme food addiction in mouse and human subpopulations to identify gut microbiota signatures associated with vulnerability to this disorder. RESULTS Both animal and human cohorts showed important similarities in the gut microbiota signatures linked to food addiction. The signatures suggested possible non-beneficial effects of bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum and potential protective effects of Actinobacteria against the development of food addiction in both cohorts of humans and mice. A decreased relative abundance of the species Blautia wexlerae was observed in addicted humans and of Blautia genus in addicted mice. Administration of the non-digestible carbohydrates, lactulose and rhamnose, known to favour Blautia growth, led to increased relative abundance of Blautia in mice faeces in parallel with dramatic improvements in food addiction. A similar improvement was revealed after oral administration of Blautia wexlerae as a beneficial microbe. CONCLUSION By understanding the crosstalk between this behavioural alteration and gut microbiota, these findings constitute a step forward to future treatments for food addiction and related eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveiga Samulėnaitė
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alejandra García-Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Domingo-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Gago-García
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Silvia Arboleya
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co, Cork, Ireland
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Fernández-Real
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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He L, Zhou JH, Li H, Zhang WL, Liu TQ, Jiang HF, Zhai RW, Zhang XJ. Characterization of Gut Microbiota in Rats and Rhesus Monkeys After Methamphetamine Self-administration. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04318-x. [PMID: 38922485 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most abused drugs globally, but the mechanism of its addiction remains unclear. Several animal studies have shown that the gut microbiota (GM) influences addictive behaviors, but the pattern of GM changes during addiction in animals of different species remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the association between dynamic changes in GM and MA self-administration acquisition among two classical mammals, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and rats, MA self-administration models. Male Sprague-Dawley rats and male rhesus monkeys were subjected to classical MA self-administration training, and fecal samples were collected before and after MA self-administration training, respectively. 16S rRNA sequencing was used for GM analyses. We found that GM changes were more pronounced in rats than in rhesus monkeys, as evidenced by more GM taxa producing significant differences before and after MA self-administration training in rats than in monkeys. We also found that the expression of the genus Clostridia_vadinBB60_group significantly decreased after MA self-administration training in both rats and rhesus monkeys. Lactobacillus changes were significantly negatively correlated with total MA uptake in rats (Pearson R = - 0.666, p = 0.035; Spearman R = - 0.721, p = 0.023), whereas its change was also highly negatively correlated with total MA uptake in rhesus monkeys (Pearson R = - 0.882, p = 0.118; Spearman R = - 1.000, p = 0.083), although this was not significant. These findings suggest that MA causes significant alterations in GM in both rhesus monkeys and rats and that the genus Lactobacillus might be a common therapeutic target for MA uptake prevention across the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhou
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tie-Qiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Feng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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23
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Mullish BH, Thursz MR. Alcohol-associated liver disease: Emerging therapeutic strategies. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00933. [PMID: 38922808 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The large and growing burden of alcohol-associated liver disease-and the considerable burden of morbidity and mortality associated with it-has been a drive toward ongoing research into novel strategies for its treatment, with a particular focus upon alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). Management of alcohol-use disorder forms the central pillar of alcohol-associated liver disease care, with evidence-based psychological and pharmacological approaches being well established, and certain models demonstrating improved clinical outcomes when hepatology and addiction services are co-located. Corticosteroids have previously been used somewhat indiscriminately in patients with severe AH, but effective tools now exist to assess early response (and limit futile ongoing exposure). Techniques to predict risk of corticosteroid-related infection are also available, although current clinical strategies to mitigate this risk are limited. A variety of novel therapeutic approaches to AH are at different phases of trials and evidence gathering, with some of the most promising signals related to cytokine manipulation, epigenetic modulation, and targeting of the gut microbiota (ie, by means of fecal microbiota transplant). While remaining an ongoing source of debate, early liver transplant in severe AH has grown in interest and acceptability over the past decade as evidence supporting its efficacy builds, in the process challenging paradigms about mandatory pretransplant sobriety periods. However, uncertainty remains regarding the optimal selection criteria, and whether liver transplant has a role for only a highly limited proportion of patients with AH or more widespread application. This review aims to provide an overview of this fast-moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullish
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Fan J, Li C, Han W, Wu F, Fan H, Fan D, Liu Y, Gu Z, Wang Y, Chen S, Chen B. Yeast peptides alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier damage in rabbits involving Toll-like receptor signaling pathway modulation and gut microbiota regulation. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393434. [PMID: 38988982 PMCID: PMC11233764 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yeast peptides have garnered attention as valuable nutritional modifiers due to their potential health benefits. However, the precise mechanisms underlying their effects remain elusive. This study aims to explore the potential of yeast peptides, when added to diets, to mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal damage and microbiota alterations in rabbits. Methods A total of 160 35-day-old Hyla line rabbits (0.96 ± 0.06 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 groups. These groups constituted a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: basal diet (CON), 100 mg/kg yeast peptide diet (YP), LPS challenge + basal diet (LPS), LPS challenge +100 mg/kg yeast peptide diet (L-YP). The experiment spanned 35 days, encompassing a 7-day pre-feeding period and a 28-day formal trial. Results The results indicated that yeast peptides mitigated the intestinal barrier damage induced by LPS, as evidenced by a significant reduction in serum Diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid levels in rabbits in the L-YP group compared to the LPS group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the jejunum, the L-YP group exhibited a significantly higher villus height compared to the LPS group (p < 0.05). In comparison to the LPS group, the L-YP rabbits significantly upregulated the expression of Claudin-1, Occludin-1 and ZO-1 in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the YP group significantly reduced the levels of rabbit jejunal inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and decreased the relative mRNA expression of jejunal signaling pathway-associated inflammatory factors such as TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and IL-1β (p < 0.05). Additionally, notable changes in the hindgut also included the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of the YP group was significantly higher than that of the CON group (p < 0.05). 16S RNA sequencing revealed a substantial impact of yeast peptides on the composition of the cecal microbiota. Correlation analyses indicated potential associations of specific gut microbiota with jejunal inflammatory factors, tight junction proteins, and SCFA. Conclusion In conclusion, yeast peptides have shown promise in mitigating LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage in rabbits through their anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of the gut microbiota, and maintenance of intestinal tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenxiao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Fengyang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongfeng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Zilin Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Agricultural Comprehensive Management Detachment of Tangshan City, Tangshan, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountainous Area Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Agricultural Technology Innovation Center in Mountainous Areas of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Baojiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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25
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Leclercq S, de Timary P. Role of the Microbiome and the Gut-Brain Axis in Alcohol Use Disorder: Potential Implication for Treatment Development. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38914878 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is constituted by trillions of microorganisms colonizing the human intestine. Studies conducted in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have shown altered microbial composition related to bacteria, viruses, and fungi.This review describes the communication pathways between the gut and the brain, including the ones related to the bacterial metabolites, the inflammatory cytokines, and the vagus nerve. We described in more detail the gut-derived metabolites that have been shown to be implicated in AUD or that could potentially be involved in the development of AUD due to their immune and/or neuroactive properties, including tryptophan-derivatives, tyrosine-derivatives, short chain fatty acids.Finally, we discussed the potential beneficial effects of microbiome-based therapies for AUD such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotic, and phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leclercq
- Laboratory of Nutritional Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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26
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Gasik RE, Madkour AS, Skeen SJ, Clum G, Francis T, Felker-Kantor E, Ferguson T, Welsh DA, Molina PE, Theall KP. The Impact of Childhood Adversity on Life Course Alcohol Use Patterns and Health Status Among People Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2024:10.1007/s10461-024-04368-1. [PMID: 38907764 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and financial hardship are associated with increased likelihood of heavier alcohol use and health challenges in adulthood among persons living with HIV (PWH). We examined whether retrospectively captured lifetime drinking trajectories are a pathway through which childhood hardships affect current health in a sample of 365 adult PWH. Childhood economic hardship and ACEs were used as main predictors. Measures of alcohol use included age at first drink and lifetime drinking trajectories. Health indicators included health-related quality of life, frailty, number of comorbidities, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to estimate both direct and indirect pathways between childhood hardship and physical and mental health. Participants were mostly male; Black (84%); and averaged 48 years of age. SEM results supported both direct and indirect pathways between childhood experiences and adult health. ACEs were connected to physical health directly and mental health both directly and indirectly through age at first drink and drinking heaviness during ages 10-20. Childhood economic hardship related to mental health indirectly through higher drinking levels during ages 10-20. Childhood adverse experiences, economic hardship, and early drinking patterns appear to accumulate, resulting in later life physical and mental health concerns for PWH. Findings support taking a life course approach to health. This includes considering individual trauma histories in HIV care engagement and taking preventative approaches which support the economic and social well-being of vulnerable children to improve health in subsequent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna E Gasik
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | | | - Simone J Skeen
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gretchen Clum
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Erica Felker-Kantor
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tekeda Ferguson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Katherine P Theall
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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27
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Bokoliya SC, Russell J, Dorsett Y, Panier HA, Singh V, Daddi L, Yuan H, Dedon LR, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Min Z, Barson JR, Covault J, Bubier JA, Zhou Y. Short-chain fatty acid valerate reduces voluntary alcohol intake in male mice. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38886761 PMCID: PMC11181657 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite serious health and social consequences, effective intervention strategies for habitual alcohol binge drinking are lacking. The development of novel therapeutic and preventative approaches is highly desirable. Accumulating evidence in the past several years has established associations between the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites with drinking behavior, but druggable targets and their underlying mechanism of action are understudied. RESULTS Here, using a drink-in-the-dark mouse model, we identified a microbiome metabolite-based novel treatment (sodium valerate) that can reduce excessive alcohol drinking. Sodium valerate is a sodium salt of valeric acid short-chain fatty acid with a similar structure as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Ten days of oral sodium valerate supplementation attenuates excessive alcohol drinking by 40%, reduces blood ethanol concentration by 53%, and improves anxiety-like or approach-avoidance behavior in male mice, without affecting overall food and water intake. Mechanistically, sodium valerate supplementation increases GABA levels across stool, blood, and amygdala. It also significantly increases H4 acetylation in the amygdala of mice. Transcriptomics analysis of the amygdala revealed that sodium valerate supplementation led to changes in gene expression associated with functional pathways including potassium voltage-gated channels, inflammation, glutamate degradation, L-DOPA degradation, and psychological behaviors. 16S microbiome profiling showed that sodium valerate supplementation shifts the gut microbiome composition and decreases microbiome-derived neuroactive compounds through GABA degradation in the gut microbiome. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sodium valerate holds promise as an innovative therapeutic avenue for the reduction of habitual binge drinking, potentially through multifaceted mechanisms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Bokoliya
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jordan Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Yair Dorsett
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hunter A Panier
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Vijender Singh
- Computational Biology Core, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Lauren Daddi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hanshu Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Liv R Dedon
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zhongmao Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zefang Min
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jessica R Barson
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Jonathan Covault
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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28
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Piacentino D, Vizioli C, Barb JJ, Grant-Beurmann S, Bouhlal S, Battista JT, Jennings O, Lee MR, Schwandt ML, Walter P, Henderson WA, Chen K, Turner S, Yang S, Fraser CM, Farinelli LA, Farokhnia M, Leggio L. Gut microbial diversity and functional characterization in people with alcohol use disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302195. [PMID: 38865325 PMCID: PMC11168635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) typically have comorbid chronic health conditions, including anxiety and depression disorders, increased sleep disruption, and poor nutrition status, along with gut microbial dysbiosis. To better understand the effects of gut dysbiosis previously shown in individuals with AUD, gut microbiome and metabolome were investigated between three cohorts. Two groups of individuals with AUD included treatment-seeking newly abstinent for at least six weeks (AB: N = 10) and non-treatment-seeking currently drinking (CD: N = 9) individuals. The third group was age, gender, and BMI-matched healthy controls (HC: N = 12). Deep phenotyping during two weeks of outpatient National Institutes of Health Clinical Center visits was performed, including clinical, psychological, medical, metabolic, dietary, and experimental assessments. Alpha and beta diversity and differential microbial taxa and metabolite abundance of the gut microbiome were examined across the three groups. Metabolites derived from the lipid super-pathway were identified to be more abundant in the AB group compared to CD and HC groups. The AB individuals appeared to be most clinically different from CD and HC individuals with respect to their gut microbiome and metabolome. These findings highlight the potential long-term effects of chronic alcohol use in individuals with AUD, even during short-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Piacentino
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Carlotta Vizioli
- Interoceptive Disorders Unit, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Silvia Grant-Beurmann
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sofia Bouhlal
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jillian T. Battista
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Olivia Jennings
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary R. Lee
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Peter Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Division of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Wendy A. Henderson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Sara Turner
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Shanna Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Claire M. Fraser
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Farinelli
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Bridge LA, Hernández Vargas JA, Trujillo-Cáceres SJ, Beigrezaei S, Chatelan A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Muka T, Uriza-Pinzón JP, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Franco OH, Grompone G, Artola Arita V. Two cosmoses, one universe: a narrative review exploring the gut microbiome's role in the effect of urban risk factors on vascular ageing. Maturitas 2024; 184:107951. [PMID: 38471294 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the face of rising global urbanisation, understanding how the associated environment and lifestyle impact public health is a cornerstone for prevention, research, and clinical practice. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with urban risk factors contributing greatly to its burden. The current narrative review adopts an exposome approach to explore the effect of urban-associated physical-chemical factors (such as air pollution) and lifestyle on cardiovascular health and ageing. In addition, we provide new insights into how these urban-related factors alter the gut microbiome, which has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We focus on vascular ageing, before disease onset, to promote preventative research and practice. We also discuss how urban ecosystems and social factors may interact with these pathways and provide suggestions for future research, precision prevention and management of vascular ageing. Most importantly, future research and decision-making would benefit from adopting an exposome approach and acknowledging the diverse and boundless universe of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Anne Bridge
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Juliana Trujillo-Cáceres
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angeline Chatelan
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Julieth Pilar Uriza-Pinzón
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vicente Artola Arita
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Panati D, Timmapuram J, Puthalapattu S, Sudhakar TP, Chaudhuri S. Therapeutic benefit of probiotic in alcohol dependence syndrome: Evidence from a tertiary care centre of India. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102338. [PMID: 38604291 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic adjuvant has promising effects in treating alcohol induced hepatitis, depression, and anxiety. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjuvant probiotic use in improving the liver functions, anxiety, and depression among patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) in a tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh, India. In this prospective observational design, ADS patients with or without probiotics were followed-up at one and three months after initiation of treatment. They were assessed for liver function test (LFT), anxiety by HAM-A and depression by HAM-D scale. A total of 120 patients complied with the treatment, 60 in each group, mean age being 35.0 years (SD 9.5 years). The baseline socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in both the groups. Significant reduction was noted in the probiotic group for total bilirubin (Mean difference (MD) 0.18; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.31), AST (MD 5.0; 95 % CI: 0.5, 9.5), and ALT (MD 8.6; 95 % CI: 1.4, 15.7) at one month after treatment. Both the groups showed a considerable change in anxiety and depression scores (HAM-A and HAM-D) till three months. At three months of treatment initiation, proportional improvement of severity grade to mild form in anxiety was more in the probiotic group (35 %) than the non-probiotic group (13.3 %) (p < 0.05). Hence, probiotic supplementation can significantly reduce the hepatic enzymes and depression severity in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome but demands additional robust evidence on the causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Panati
- Department of Psychiatry, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, India.
| | - Jayapriya Timmapuram
- Department of Psychiatry, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, India
| | - Swetha Puthalapattu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, India
| | | | - Sirshendu Chaudhuri
- Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
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31
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Kanagalingam G, Bajaj JS. Gut-microbiome composition and function in progression of alcohol-associated liver disease: going beyond western experiences. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:873-875. [PMID: 38717692 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gowthami Kanagalingam
- Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA.
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32
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Melamud MM, Bobrik DV, Brit PI, Efremov IS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA, Akhmetova EA, Asadullin AR, Ermakov EA. Biochemical, Hematological, Inflammatory, and Gut Permeability Biomarkers in Patients with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome with and without Delirium Tremens. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2776. [PMID: 38792318 PMCID: PMC11121978 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Delirium Tremens (DT) is known to be a serious complication of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Neurotransmitter abnormalities, inflammation, and increased permeability are associated with the pathogenesis of AWS and DT. However, the biomarkers of these conditions are still poorly understood. Methods: In this work, biochemical, hematologic, inflammatory, and gut permeability biomarkers were investigated in the following three groups: healthy controls (n = 75), severe AWS patients with DT (n = 28), and mild/moderate AWS without DT (n = 97). Blood sampling was performed after resolution of the acute condition (on 5 ± 1 day after admission) to collect clinical information from patients and to investigate associations with clinical scales. Biomarker analysis was performed using automated analyzers and ELISA. Inflammatory biomarkers included the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Results: Among the biochemical biomarkers, only glucose, total cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) changed significantly in the analyzed groups. A multiple regression analysis showed that age and ALT were independent predictors of the CIWA-Ar score. Hematologic biomarker analysis showed an increased white blood cell count, and the elevated size and greater size variability of red blood cells and platelets (MCV, RDWc, and PDWc) in two groups of patients. Gut permeability biomarkers (FABP2, LBP, and zonulin) did not change, but were associated with comorbid pathologies (alcohol liver disease and pancreatitis). The increase in inflammatory biomarkers (ESR and PLR) was more evident in AWS patients with DT. Cluster analysis confirmed the existence of a subgroup of patients with evidence of high inflammation, and such a subgroup was more frequent in DT patients. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the understanding of biomarker variability in AWS patients with and without DT and support the heterogeneity of patients by the level of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Melamud
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.M.M.); (V.N.B.); (G.A.N.)
| | - Daria V. Bobrik
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (D.V.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.R.A.)
| | - Polina I. Brit
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilia S. Efremov
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.M.M.); (V.N.B.); (G.A.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.M.M.); (V.N.B.); (G.A.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvina A. Akhmetova
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (D.V.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.R.A.)
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Azat R. Asadullin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia; (D.V.B.); (E.A.A.); (A.R.A.)
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.M.M.); (V.N.B.); (G.A.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Yap DRY, Lui RN, Samol J, Ngeow J, Sung JJ, Wong SH. Beyond a vestigial organ: effects of the appendix on gut microbiome and colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:826-835. [PMID: 38303116 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The role of appendectomy in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a recent topic of contention. Given that appendectomy remains one of the most commonly performed operations and a first-line management strategy of acute appendicitis, it is inherently crucial to elucidate the association between prior appendectomy and subsequent development of CRC, as there may be long-term health repercussions. In this review, we summarize the data behind the relationship of CRC in post-appendectomy patients, discuss the role of the microbiome in relation to appendectomy and CRC pathogenesis, and provide an appraisal of our current understanding of the function of the appendix. We seek to piece together the current landscape surrounding the microbiome and immunological changes in the colon post-appendectomy and suggest a direction for future research involving molecular, transcriptomic, and immunologic analysis to complement our current understanding of the alterations in gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ren Yi Yap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rashid N Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jens Samol
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Johns Hospital University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph Jy Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
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Dey P. Good girl goes bad: Understanding how gut commensals cause disease. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106617. [PMID: 38492827 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the complex connection between commensal microbiota and the development of opportunistic infections. Several underlying conditions, such as metabolic diseases and weakened immune systems, increase the vulnerability of patients to opportunistic infections. The increasing antibiotic resistance adds significant complexity to the management of infectious diseases. Although commensals have long been considered beneficial, recent research contradicts this notion by uncovering chronic illnesses linked to atypical pathogens or commensal bacteria. This review examines conditions in which commensal bacteria, which are usually beneficial, contribute to developing diseases. Commensals' support for opportunistic infections can be categorized based on factors such as colonization fitness, pathoadaptive mutation, and evasion of host immune response. Individuals with weakened immune systems are especially susceptible, highlighting the importance of mucosal host-microbiota interaction in promoting infection when conditions are inappropriate. Dysregulation of gut microbial homeostasis, immunological modulation, and microbial interactions are caused by several factors that contribute to the development of chronic illnesses. Knowledge about these mechanisms is essential for developing preventive measures, particularly for susceptible populations, and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiota in reducing the impact of opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India.
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35
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García-Cabrerizo R, Cryan JF. A gut (microbiome) feeling about addiction: Interactions with stress and social systems. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100629. [PMID: 38584880 PMCID: PMC10995916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing attention has given to the intricate and diverse connection of microorganisms residing in our gut and their impact on brain health and central nervous system disease. There has been a shift in mindset to understand that drug addiction is not merely a condition that affects the brain, it is now being recognized as a disorder that also involves external factors such as the intestinal microbiota, which could influence vulnerability and the development of addictive behaviors. Furthermore, stress and social interactions, which are closely linked to the intestinal microbiota, are powerful modulators of addiction. This review delves into the mechanisms through which the microbiota-stress-immune axis may shape drug addiction and social behaviors. This work integrates preclinical and clinical evidence that demonstrate the bidirectional communication between stress, social behaviors, substance use disorders and the gut microbiota, suggesting that gut microbes might modulate social stress having a significance in drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén García-Cabrerizo
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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36
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Feng D, Hwang S, Guillot A, Wang Y, Guan Y, Chen C, Maccioni L, Gao B. Inflammation in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:101352. [PMID: 38697358 PMCID: PMC11234022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is an acute-on-chronic liver injury that occurs in patients with chronic alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Patients with severe AH have high short-term mortality and lack effective pharmacologic therapies. Inflammation is believed to be one of the key factors promoting AH progression and has been actively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last several decades, but no effective inflammatory targets have been identified so far. In this review, we discuss how inflammatory cells and the inflammatory mediators produced by these cells contribute to the development and progression of AH, with focus on neutrophils and macrophages. The crosstalk between inflammatory cells and liver nonparenchymal cells in the pathogenesis of AH is elaborated. We also deliberate the application of recent cutting-edge technologies in characterizing liver inflammation in AH. Finally, the potential therapeutic targets of inflammatory mediators for AH are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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37
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Yun M, Jo HE, Kim N, Park HK, Jang YS, Choi GH, Jo HE, Seo JH, Mok JY, Park SM, Choi HJ. Oral Administration of Alcohol-Tolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Alleviates Blood Alcohol Concentration and Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage in Rodents. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:838-845. [PMID: 38247212 PMCID: PMC11102817 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption can have serious negative consequences on health, including addiction, liver damage, and other long-term effects. The causes of hangovers include dehydration, alcohol and alcohol metabolite toxicity, and nutrient deficiency due to absorption disorders. Additionally, alcohol consumption can slow reaction times, making it more difficult to rapidly respond to situations that require quick thinking. Exposure to a large amount of ethanol can also negatively affect a person's righting reflex and balance. In this study, we evaluated the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to alleviate alcohol-induced effects and behavioral responses. Two LAB strains isolated from kimchi, Levilactobacillus brevis WiKim0168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim0172, were selected for their ethanol tolerance and potential to alleviate hangover symptoms. Enzyme activity assays for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were then conducted to evaluate the role of these bacteria in alcohol metabolism. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, these strains were assessed for their ability to reduce blood alcohol concentrations and protect against alcohol-induced liver damage. The results indicated that these LAB strains possess significant ethanol tolerance and elevate ADH and ALDH activities. LAB administration remarkably reduced blood alcohol levels in rats after excessive alcohol consumption. Moreover, the LAB strains showed hepatoprotective effects and enhanced behavioral outcomes, highlighting their potential as probiotics for counteracting the adverse effects of alcohol consumption. These findings support the development of functional foods incorporating LAB strains that can mediate behavioral improvements following alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Yun
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Eun Jo
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Park
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seo Jang
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hee Choi
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Jo
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Ye Mok
- Pharmsville Co., Ltd., Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Pharmsville Co., Ltd., Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jong Choi
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
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Alagiakrishnan K, Morgadinho J, Halverson T. Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1330903. [PMID: 38706561 PMCID: PMC11069313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1330903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered a microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal that of human cells, however, the genome of these bacteria may be almost 100 times larger than the human genome. Every aspect of the physiology and health can be influenced by the microbiome living in various parts of our body. Any imbalance in the microbiome composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types of dysbiosis are seen and the corresponding symptoms depend on the site of microbial imbalance. The contribution of the intestinal and extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities is through interplay between different axes. Whole body dysbiosis is a complex process involving gut microbiome and non-gut related microbiome. It is still at the stage of infancy and has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis can be influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods and food additives, as well as medications. Dysbiosis has been associated with many systemic diseases and cannot be diagnosed through standard blood tests or investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites can be analyzed and can be useful in the management of dysbiosis. Whole body dysbiosis can be addressed by altering lifestyle factors, proper diet and microbial modulation. The effect of these interventions in humans depends on the beneficial microbiome alteration mostly based on animal studies with evolving evidence from human studies. There is tremendous potential for the human microbiome in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases, as well as, for the monitoring of health and disease in humans. Whole body system-based approach to the diagnosis of dysbiosis is better than a pure taxonomic approach. Whole body dysbiosis could be a new therapeutic target in the management of various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joao Morgadinho
- Kaye Edmonton Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Åberg F, Jiang ZG, Cortez-Pinto H, Männistö V. Alcohol-associated liver disease-Global epidemiology. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00852. [PMID: 38640041 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), as highlighted in this narrative review, is a major public health concern, increasingly impacting global disease burden and premature mortality. In 2019, ALD accounted for the loss of 11 million life-years worldwide. The rising number of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years attributed to ALD, particularly pronounced in the United States, are alarming. Projections suggest that the economic impact of ALD, as seen in the United States, could potentially double by 2040. ALD is increasingly prevalent among younger adults (20-45 y) and has become the leading cause of liver transplantation in both United States and Europe. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the existing trend was further amplified as high-risk drinking patterns coincided with a rise in hospital admissions for alcohol-associated hepatitis and increased ALD-related mortality. The prevalence of ALD is estimated at 3.5% in the general population, 26.0% among hazardous drinkers, and 55.1% among those with alcohol use disorders. Alarmingly, 5-year mortality rates for patients with ALD exceed 50%, with even higher rates in more advanced disease stages. Methodological challenges, such as underreporting, diagnostic difficulties, and variability in registry data quality, complicate the accurate assessment of the impact of ALD. Additionally, the contribution of alcohol to the progression of other liver diseases is often under acknowledged in health care registries, leading to a significant underestimation of its broader implications for liver health. Addressing the growing ALD concern requires robust public health initiatives, heightened awareness, refined diagnostic techniques, and comprehensive epidemiological studies. These measures are vital to tackle the increasing prevalence of ALD and mitigate its extensive impact on individuals and health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Dicks LMT. Gut Bacteria Provide Genetic and Molecular Reporter Systems to Identify Specific Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4431. [PMID: 38674014 PMCID: PMC11050607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With genetic information gained from next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), it is now possible to select for genes that encode reporter molecules that may be used to detect abnormalities such as alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), cancer, cognitive impairment, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabesity, and ischemic stroke (IS). This, however, requires a thorough understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA), the effect diets have on the selection of gut microbiota, conditions that influence the expression of microbial genes, and human physiology. Bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a major role in gut homeostasis, maintain intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and regulate the immune system, neurological, and endocrine functions. Changes in butyrate levels may serve as an early warning of colon cancer. Other cancer-reporting molecules are colibactin, a genotoxin produced by polyketide synthetase-positive Escherichia coli strains, and spermine oxidase (SMO). Increased butyrate levels are also associated with inflammation and impaired cognition. Dysbiosis may lead to increased production of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OX-LDLs), known to restrict blood vessels and cause hypertension. Sudden changes in SCFA levels may also serve as a warning of IS. Early signs of ARLD may be detected by an increase in regenerating islet-derived 3 gamma (REG3G), which is associated with changes in the secretion of mucin-2 (Muc2). Pro-inflammatory molecules such as cytokines, interferons, and TNF may serve as early reporters of MS. Other examples of microbial enzymes and metabolites that may be used as reporters in the early detection of life-threatening diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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Dedon LR, Yuan H, Chi J, Gu H, Arias AJ, Covault JM, Zhou Y. Baseline gut microbiome and metabolites are correlated with alcohol consumption in a zonisamide clinical trial of heavy drinking alcoholic civilians. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.02.24305199. [PMID: 38633809 PMCID: PMC11023652 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.24305199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Development and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been linked to variations in gut microbiota and their associated metabolites in both animal and human studies. However, the involvement of the gut microbiome in alcohol consumption of individuals with AUD undergoing treatment remains unclear. To address this, stool samples (n=48) were collected at screening (baseline) and trial completion from a single site of a multi-site double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Zonisamide in individuals with AUD. Alcohol consumption, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and phosphatidylethanol (PEth)levels were measured both at baseline and endpoint of 16-week trial period. Fecal microbiome was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolome via untargeted LC-MS. Both sex (p = 0.003) and psychotropic medication usage (p = 0.025) are associated with baseline microbiome composition. The relative abundance of 12 genera at baseline was correlated with percent drinking reduction, baseline and endpoint alcohol consumption, and changes in GGT and PeTH over the course of treatment (p.adj < 0.05). Overall microbiome community structure at baseline differed between high and low responders (67-100% and 0-33% drinking reduction, respectively; p = 0.03). A positive relationship between baseline fecal GABA levels and percent drinking reduction (R=0.43, p < 0.05) was identified by microbiome function prediction and confirmed by ELISA and metabolomics. Predicted microbiome function and metabolomics analysis have found that tryptophan metabolic pathways are over-represented in low responders. These findings highlight importance of baseline microbiome and metabolites in alcohol consumption in AUD patients undergoing zonisamide treatment.
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Swanson GR, Garg K, Shaikh M, Keshavarzian A. Increased Intestinal Permeability and Decreased Resiliency of the Intestinal Barrier in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00689. [PMID: 38334953 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Only 20%-30% of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) develop alcoholic liver disease (ALD). While the development of gut-derived endotoxemia is understood to be a required cofactor, increased intestinal permeability in ALD is not completely understood. METHODS We recruited 178 subjects-58 healthy controls (HCs), 32 with ALD, 53 with AUD but no liver disease (ALC), and 35 with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Intestinal permeability was assessed by a sugar cocktail as a percentage of oral dose. The permeability test was repeated after an aspirin challenge in a subset. RESULTS Five-hour urinary lactulose/mannitol ratio (primarily representing small intestinal permeability) was not statistically different in HC, ALC, ALD, and MASLD groups ( P = 0.40). Twenty-four-hour urinary sucralose (representing whole gut permeability) was increased in ALD ( F = 5.3, P < 0.01) and distinguished ALD from ALC; 24-hour sucralose/lactulose ratio (primarily representing colon permeability) separated the ALD group ( F = 10.2, P < 0.01) from the MASLD group. After aspirin challenge, intestinal permeability increased in all groups and ALD had the largest increase. DISCUSSION In a group of patients, we confirmed that (i) the ALD group has increased intestinal permeability compared with the HC, ALC, or MASLD group. In addition, because small bowel permeability (lactulose/mannitol ratio) is normal, the disruption of intestinal barrier seems to be primarily in the large intestine; (ii) decreased resiliency of intestinal barrier to injurious agents (such as NSAID) might be the mechanism for gut leak in subset of AUD who develop ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth R Swanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kanika Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Limketkai BN, Rau S, Fasulo C. Preventative and therapeutic potential of nutrition for inflammatory bowel diseases: A narrative review. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024; 48:258-266. [PMID: 38357793 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Diet strongly shapes the gut microbiome and metabolome, which in turn influence intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Separate from inflammation and malnutrition, diet's direct interactions with the gastrointestinal system can also provoke or attenuate a host of nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Given these multifaceted effects of diet on inflammation and symptoms, nutrition has been investigated for its potential roles in the prevention and treatment of IBD. This review presents epidemiological, observational cohort, and clinical trial evidence that underlie our current understanding of nutrition for prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkeley N Limketkai
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sameeha Rau
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christina Fasulo
- Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Koutromanos I, Legaki E, Gazouli M, Vasilopoulos E, Kouzoupis A, Tzavellas E. Gut microbiome in alcohol use disorder: Implications for health outcomes and therapeutic strategies-a literature review. World J Methodol 2024; 14:88519. [PMID: 38577203 PMCID: PMC10989405 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i1.88519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a major public health issue which affects millions of people globally and consist a chronic relapsing condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and has emerged as a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is intimately linked to the development and progression of AUD, with alcohol consumption directly impacting its composition and function. This review article aims to explore the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and AUD, focusing on the implications for mental health outcomes and potential therapeutic strategies. We discuss the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, highlighting the role of microbiota-derived metabolites in neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and mood regulation. Furthermore, we examine the influence of AUD-related factors, such as alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability, on mental health outcomes. Finally, we explore emerging therapeutic avenues targeting the gut microbiome in the management of AUD, including prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Understanding the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and AUD holds promise for developing novel interventions that could improve mental health outcomes in individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Koutromanos
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Evangelia Legaki
- Department of Basic Biological Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthimios Vasilopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kouzoupis
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Elias Tzavellas
- First Department of Psychiatry, "Aiginition" Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
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Belelli D, Riva A, Nutt DJ. Reducing the harms of alcohol: nutritional interventions and functional alcohol alternatives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:241-276. [PMID: 38555118 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The health risks and harm associated with regular alcohol consumption are well documented. In a recent WHO statement published in The Lancet Public Health alcohol consumption has been estimated to contribute worldwide to 3 million deaths in 2016 while also being responsible for 5·1% of the global burden of disease and injury. The total elimination of alcohol consumption, which has been long imbedded in human culture and society, is not practical and prohibition policies have proved historically ineffective. However, valuable strategies to reduce alcohol harms are already available and improved alternative approaches are currently being developed. Here, we will review and discuss recent advances on two main types of approaches, that is nutritional interventions and functional alcohol alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Belelli
- GABALabs Res. Senior Scientific Consultant, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology (Foundation for Liver Research), London; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London
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Chen X, Zhu D, Ge R, Bao Z. Fecal transplantation of young mouse donors effectively improves enterotoxicity in elderly recipients exposed to triphenyltin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116140. [PMID: 38417315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is a widely used biocide known for its high toxicity to various organisms, including humans, and its potential contribution to environmental pollution. The aging process leads to progressive deterioration of physiological functions in the elderly, making them more susceptible to the toxic effects of environmental pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the mitigating effect of fecal transplantation in young mice on the toxicological impairment caused by TPT exposure. For the study, 18-month-old mice were divided into four groups with six replicates each. The control group was fed a basal diet, the TPT group was exposed to 3.75 mg/Kg TPT, the feces group received fecal transplantation from 8-week-old young mice, and the combined group was exposed to 3.75 mg/Kg TPT after receiving fecal transplantation. Compared with the elderly control group, TPT induced significant upregulation of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), while the anti-inflammatory factor gene IL-10 was significantly suppressed. The mRNA expression of intestinal barrier proteins (Claudin, Occludin, Muc2) was also significantly downregulated. However, fecal transplantation in young mice alleviated TPT-induced changes in inflammatory factors, ameliorated oxidative stress, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (including SOD, CAT, GSH-Px). Further analysis using 16 s RNA showed that exposure to TPT led to changes in the composition of the intestinal flora. Untargeted metabolomics observations of feces from older mice revealed that exposure to TPT resulted in altered fecal metabolites. Fecal transplantation in young mice altered the microbiota of TPT-exposed older mice, especially by enhancing the levels of core probiotics. Similar beneficial effects were observed through untargeted metabolomics. Overall, this study highlights the potential benefits of young fecal transplantation in protecting the elderly from the toxicity of TPT, offering a promising approach to improve healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Zhu
- The Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- Department of Anaesthesiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Worth T. Could the gut give rise to alcohol addiction? Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00667-8. [PMID: 38454030 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Kelly Souza Silveira B, Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha D, Stampini Duarte Martino H, Grancieri M, Juste Contin Gomes M, Cuquetto Mantovani H, Bressan J, Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff H. Daily Cashew and Brazil Nut Consumption Modifies Intestinal Health in Overweight Women on Energy-Restricted Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Brazilian Nuts Study). J Nutr 2024; 154:962-977. [PMID: 38246355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased intestinal permeability and dysbiosis are related to obesity. Nuts can provide nutrients and bioactive compounds that modulate gut microbiota and inflammation, enhancing the beneficial effects of weight loss. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of consuming cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K) on intestinal permeability and microbiota, fecal SCFAs and pH, inflammation, and weight loss in energy restriction condition. METHODS In this 8-week randomized controlled trial, 40 women with overweight or obesity were assigned to energy-restricted groups (-500 kcal/d): control group (free of nuts) or Brazilian nuts group (BN: 30 g of cashew nuts and 15 g of Brazil nuts per day). Permeability was analyzed by the lactulose/mannitol test and the microbiota by sequencing the 16S gene in the V3-V4 regions. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-17A) and C-reactive protein were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 25 women completed the intervention. Both groups lost weight without statistical differences. Lactulose excretion increased only in the control group (P < 0.05). The BN consumption increased fecal propionic acid and potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Roseburia, strains NK4A214 and UCG-002 from the Ruminococcaceae family, but also Lachnospiraceae family, Bacteroides, and Lachnoclostridium, when compared to the control group. Changes in intestinal permeability were correlated to a greater reduction in body fat (kg), and IL-8, and increases in Ruminococcus abundance. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a positive impact of BN consumption within an energy-restricted context, linked to the augmentation of potentially beneficial bacteria and pathways associated with body fat reduction. Besides, BN consumption mitigated increased intestinal permeability, although its capacity to diminish permeability or enhance weight loss proved limited. This trial was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials as ReBEC (ID: RBR-3ntxrm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Grancieri
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mariana Juste Contin Gomes
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani
- Anaerobic Microbioloy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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50
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Yuanbo Z, Tianyi L, Xuejing S, Xinpeng L, Jianqun W, Wenxia X, Jingshu G. Using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue to characterize the microbiota in p16-positive and p16-negative tongue squamous cell carcinoma: a pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:283. [PMID: 38419008 PMCID: PMC10900712 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common oral cavity cancer, and p16 immunohistochemistry is an exact and available tool in the prognostic and predictive characterization of squamous cell cancers in the head and neck. Microorganisms have a close relationship with the development of TSCC. However, the association between oral bacteria and p16 status has not been well defined in the case of TSCC. Compared with traditional clinical microbial collection methods, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples have several advantages. METHODS To compare the microbiota compositions between p16-positive and p16-negative patients with TSCC, we performed a small pilot study of microbiological studies of TSCC by paraffin tissue. DNA from FFPE tissue blocks were extracted and microbiomes were profiled by sequencing the 16 S-rRNA-encoding gene (V1-V2/V3-V4/V4 regions). Alterations in the functional potential of the microbiome were predicted using PICRUSt, Tax4Fun, and BugBase. RESULTS A total of 60 patients with TSCC were enrolled in the study, however, some challenges associated with DNA damage in FFPE tissues existed, and only 27 (15 p16-positive and 12 p16-negative) passed DNA quality control. Nevertheless, we have tentatively found some meaningful results. The p16 status is associated with microbiota diversity, which is significantly increased in p16-positive patients compared with p16-negative patients. Desulfobacteria, Limnochordia, Phycisphaerae, Anaerolineae, Saccharimonadia and Kapabacteria had higher abundances among participants with p16-positive. Moreover, functional prediction revealed that the increase of these bacteria may enhance viral carcinogenesis in p16-positive TSCC. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial profiles showed a significant difference between p16-positive TSCC and p16-negative TSCC. These findings may provide insights into the relationship between p16 status and the microbial taxa in TSCC, and these bacteria may provide new clues for developing therapeutic targets for TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yuanbo
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liu Tianyi
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Xuejing
- Harbin Institute of Technology Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Liu Xinpeng
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Jianqun
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wenxia
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Geng Jingshu
- Department of pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China.
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