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Xia R, Chen X, Engel TA, Moore T. Common and distinct neural mechanisms of attention. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:554-567. [PMID: 38388258 PMCID: PMC11153008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite a constant deluge of sensory stimulation, only a fraction of it is used to guide behavior. This selective processing is generally referred to as attention, and much research has focused on the neural mechanisms controlling it. Recently, research has broadened to include more ways by which different species selectively process sensory information, whether due to the sensory input itself or to different behavioral and brain states. This work has produced a complex and disjointed body of evidence across different species and forms of attention. However, it has also provided opportunities to better understand the breadth of attentional mechanisms. Here, we summarize the evidence that suggests that different forms of selective processing are supported by mechanisms both common and distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Xia
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomo Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana A Engel
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tirin Moore
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Toba MN, Malkinson TS, Howells H, Mackie MA, Spagna A. Same, Same but Different? A Multi-Method Review of the Processes Underlying Executive Control. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:418-454. [PMID: 36967445 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention, working memory, and executive control are commonly considered distinct cognitive functions with important reciprocal interactions. Yet, longstanding evidence from lesion studies has demonstrated both overlap and dissociation in their behavioural expression and anatomical underpinnings, suggesting that a lower dimensional framework could be employed to further identify processes supporting goal-directed behaviour. Here, we describe the anatomical and functional correspondence between attention, working memory, and executive control by providing an overview of cognitive models, as well as recent data from lesion studies, invasive and non-invasive multimodal neuroimaging and brain stimulation. We emphasize the benefits of considering converging evidence from multiple methodologies centred on the identification of brain mechanisms supporting goal-driven behaviour. We propose that expanding on this approach should enable the construction of a comprehensive anatomo-functional framework with testable new hypotheses, and aid clinical neuroscience to intervene on impairments of executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica N Toba
- Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (UR UPJV 4559), University Hospital of Amiens and University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
- CHU Amiens Picardie - Site Sud, Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Santé, Avenue René Laënnec, 80054, Amiens Cedex 1, France.
| | - Tal Seidel Malkinson
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Henrietta Howells
- Laboratory of Motor Control, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melissa-Ann Mackie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA.
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3
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Li H, Fan X, Li K, Zhang C, Jia X. Increased anterior insula connectivity associated with cognitive maintenance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00899-2. [PMID: 38782876 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The insula, a crucial hub of the human brain network, can be divided into anterior and posterior regions. Previous studies have reported that different insula subregions play various roles in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the longitudinal changes in the functional connectivity (FC) of each insula subregion in aMCI patients over time remain unclear. Twenty aMCI patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans and neuropsychological assessments at baseline and at the 15-month follow-up. FMRI data were preprocessed using SPM 12 and the CONN toolbox. Two-way analysis of covariance was used to compare longitudinal changes in the FC of each insula subregion with covariates including sex, age, education, follow-up interval, volume of gray matter, and global correlation (GCOR). Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between insula subregional FC and neuropsychological performance in aMCI patients. In aMCI patients, the right anterior insula exhibited significantly increased FC with the left anterior cingulate cortex, whereas the left posterior insula exhibited decreased FC with the right precuneus compared with HCs. Furthermore, FC between the right anterior insula and left anterior cingulate cortex was significantly correlated with global cognition at follow-up. The current findings revealed different functional alterations in the insula subregions and provided new insights into the neurodegenerative process in aMCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- MR Research Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xiuqin Jia
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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4
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Li HH, Sprague TC, Yoo AH, Ma WJ, Curtis CE. Neural mechanisms of resource allocation in working memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.11.593695. [PMID: 38766258 PMCID: PMC11100829 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.11.593695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
To mitigate capacity limits of working memory, people allocate resources according to an item's relevance. However, the neural mechanisms supporting such a critical operation remain unknown. Here, we developed computational neuroimaging methods to decode and demix neural responses associated with multiple items in working memory with different priorities. In striate and extrastriate cortex, the gain of neural responses tracked the priority of memoranda. Higher-priority memoranda were decoded with smaller error and lower uncertainty. Moreover, these neural differences predicted behavioral differences in memory prioritization. Remarkably, trialwise variability in the magnitude of delay activity in frontal cortex predicted differences in decoded precision between low and high-priority items in visual cortex. These results suggest a model in which feedback signals broadcast from frontal cortex sculpt the gain of memory representations in visual cortex according to behavioral relevance, thus, identifying a neural mechanism for resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Li
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Thomas C Sprague
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Aspen H Yoo
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Wei Ji Ma
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Clayton E Curtis
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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5
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Kershner JR. Early life stress, literacy and dyslexia: an evolutionary perspective. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:809-822. [PMID: 38436668 PMCID: PMC11003919 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Stress and learning co-evolved in parallel, with their interdependence critical to the survival of the species. Even today, the regulation of moderate levels of stress by the central autonomic network (CAN), especially during pre- and post-natal periods, facilitates biological adaptability and is an essential precursor for the cognitive requisites of learning to read. Reading is a remarkable evolutionary achievement of the human brain, mysteriously unusual, because it is not pre-wired with a genetic address to facilitate its acquisition. There is no gene for reading. The review suggests that reading co-opts a brain circuit centered in the left hemisphere ventral occipital cortex that evolved as a domain-general visual processor. Its adoption by reading depends on the CAN's coordination of the learning and emotional requirements of learning to read at the metabolic, cellular, synaptic, and network levels. By stabilizing a child's self-control and modulating the attention network's inhibitory controls over the reading circuit, the CAN plays a key role in school readiness and learning to read. In addition, the review revealed two beneficial CAN evolutionary adjustments to early-life stress "overloads" that come with incidental costs of school under-performance and dyslexia. A short-term adaptation involving methylation of the FKBP5 and NR3C1 genes is a liability for academic achievement in primary school. The adaptation leading to dyslexia induces alterations in BDNF trafficking, promoting long-term adaptive fitness by protecting against excessive glucocorticoid toxicity but risks reading difficulties by disruptive signaling from the CAN to the attention networks and the reading circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Kershner
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Resources, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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Zhang S, Zhang T, Cao G, Zhou J, He Z, Li X, Ren Y, Liu T, Jiang X, Guo L, Han J, Liu T. Species -shared and -unique gyral peaks on human and macaque brains. eLife 2024; 12:RP90182. [PMID: 38635322 PMCID: PMC11026093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical folding is an important feature of primate brains that plays a crucial role in various cognitive and behavioral processes. Extensive research has revealed both similarities and differences in folding morphology and brain function among primates including macaque and human. The folding morphology is the basis of brain function, making cross-species studies on folding morphology important for understanding brain function and species evolution. However, prior studies on cross-species folding morphology mainly focused on partial regions of the cortex instead of the entire brain. Previously, our research defined a whole-brain landmark based on folding morphology: the gyral peak. It was found to exist stably across individuals and ages in both human and macaque brains. Shared and unique gyral peaks in human and macaque are identified in this study, and their similarities and differences in spatial distribution, anatomical morphology, and functional connectivity were also dicussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyao Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Guannan Cao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Jingchao Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Zhibin He
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Information Technology, Northwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yudan Ren
- School of Information Technology, Northwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
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Seidel Malkinson T, Bayle DJ, Kaufmann BC, Liu J, Bourgeois A, Lehongre K, Fernandez-Vidal S, Navarro V, Lambrecq V, Adam C, Margulies DS, Sitt JD, Bartolomeo P. Intracortical recordings reveal vision-to-action cortical gradients driving human exogenous attention. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2586. [PMID: 38531880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exogenous attention, the process that makes external salient stimuli pop-out of a visual scene, is essential for survival. How attention-capturing events modulate human brain processing remains unclear. Here we show how the psychological construct of exogenous attention gradually emerges over large-scale gradients in the human cortex, by analyzing activity from 1,403 intracortical contacts implanted in 28 individuals, while they performed an exogenous attention task. The timing, location and task-relevance of attentional events defined a spatiotemporal gradient of three neural clusters, which mapped onto cortical gradients and presented a hierarchy of timescales. Visual attributes modulated neural activity at one end of the gradient, while at the other end it reflected the upcoming response timing, with attentional effects occurring at the intersection of visual and response signals. These findings challenge multi-step models of attention, and suggest that frontoparietal networks, which process sequential stimuli as separate events sharing the same location, drive exogenous attention phenomena such as inhibition of return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Seidel Malkinson
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Dimitri J Bayle
- Licae Lab, Université Paris Ouest-La Défense, 92000, Nanterre, France
| | - Brigitte C Kaufmann
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jianghao Liu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
- Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Alexia Bourgeois
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katia Lehongre
- CENIR - Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sara Fernandez-Vidal
- CENIR - Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Epilepsy and EEG Units, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
- Reference center of rare epilepsies, EpiCare, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lambrecq
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Epilepsy and EEG Units, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
- Reference center of rare epilepsies, EpiCare, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Claude Adam
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Epilepsy and EEG Units, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
- Reference center of rare epilepsies, EpiCare, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Laboratoire INCC, équipe Perception, Action, Cognition, Université de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jacobo D Sitt
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
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8
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Zhang S, Zhang T, Cao G, Zhou J, He Z, Li X, Ren Y, Liu T, Jiang X, Guo L, Han J, Liu T. Species -Shared and -Unique Gyral Peaks on Human and Macaque Brains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.26.550760. [PMID: 37546923 PMCID: PMC10402126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cortical folding is an important feature of primate brains that plays a crucial role in various cognitive and behavioral processes. Extensive research has revealed both similarities and differences in folding morphology and brain function among primates including macaque and human. The folding morphology is the basis of brain function, making cross-species studies on folding morphology important for understanding brain function and species evolution. However, prior studies on cross-species folding morphology mainly focused on partial regions of the cortex instead of the entire brain. Previously, we defined a whole-brain landmark based on folding morphology: the gyral peak. It was found to exist stably across individuals and ages in both human and macaque brains. In this study, we identified shared and unique gyral peaks in human and macaque, and investigated the similarities and differences in the spatial distribution, anatomical morphology, and functional connectivity of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyao Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guannan Cao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingchao Zhou
- College of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhibin He
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Information Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yudan Ren
- School of Information Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Tosoni A, Capotosto P, Baldassarre A, Spadone S, Sestieri C. Neuroimaging evidence supporting a dual-network architecture for the control of visuospatial attention in the human brain: a mini review. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1250096. [PMID: 37841074 PMCID: PMC10571720 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1250096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies conducted in the last three decades have distinguished two frontoparietal networks responsible for the control of visuospatial attention. The present review summarizes recent findings on the neurophysiological mechanisms implemented in both networks and describes the evolution from a model centered on the distinction between top-down and bottom-up attention to a model that emphasizes the dynamic interplay between the two networks based on attentional demands. The role of the dorsal attention network (DAN) in attentional orienting, by boosting behavioral performance, has been investigated with multiple experimental approaches. This research effort allowed us to trace a distinction between DAN regions involved in shifting vs. maintenance of attention, gather evidence for the modulatory influence exerted by the DAN over sensory cortices, and identify the electrophysiological correlates of the orienting function. Simultaneously, other studies have contributed to reframing our understanding of the functions of the ventral attention network (VAN) and its relevance for behavior. The VAN is not simply involved in bottom-up attentional capture but interacts with the DAN during reorienting to behaviorally relevant targets, exhibiting a general resetting function. Further studies have confirmed the selective rightward asymmetry of the VAN, proposed a functional dissociation along the anteroposterior axis, and suggested hypotheses about its emergence during the evolution of the primate brain. Finally, novel models of network interactions explain the expression of complex attentional functions and the emergence and restorations of symptoms characterizing unilateral spatial neglect. These latter studies emphasize the importance of considering patterns of network interactions for understanding the consequences of brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tosoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences (DNISC) and ITAB, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Sypré L, Durand JB, Nelissen K. Functional characterization of macaque insula using task-based and resting-state fMRI. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120217. [PMID: 37271304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurophysiological investigations over the past decades have demonstrated the involvement of the primate insula in a wide array of sensory, cognitive, affective and regulatory functions, yet the complex functional organization of the insula remains unclear. Here we examined to what extent non-invasive task-based and resting-state fMRI provides support for functional specialization and integration of sensory and motor information in the macaque insula. Task-based fMRI experiments suggested a functional specialization related to processing of ingestive/taste/distaste information in anterior insula, grasping-related sensorimotor responses in middle insula and vestibular information in posterior insula. Visual stimuli depicting social information involving conspecific`s lip-smacking gestures yielded responses in middle and anterior portions of dorsal and ventral insula, overlapping partially with the sensorimotor and ingestive/taste/distaste fields. Functional specialization/integration of the insula was further corroborated by seed-based whole brain resting-state analyses, showing distinct functional connectivity gradients across the anterio-posterior extent of both dorsal and ventral insula. Posterior insula showed functional correlations in particular with vestibular/optic flow network regions, mid-dorsal insula with vestibular/optic flow as well as parieto-frontal regions of the sensorimotor grasping network, mid-ventral insula with social/affiliative network regions in temporal, cingulate and prefrontal cortices and anterior insula with taste and mouth motor networks including premotor and frontal opercular regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Sypré
- Laboratory for Neuro- & Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Nelissen
- Laboratory for Neuro- & Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Patel GH, Gruskin DC, Arkin SC, Jamerson EC, Ruiz-Betancourt DR, Klim CC, Sanchez-Peña JP, Bartel LP, Lee JK, Grinband J, Martinez A, Berman RA, Ochsner KN, Leopold DA, Javitt DC. The Road Not Taken: Disconnection of a Human-Unique Cortical Pathway Underlying Naturalistic Social Perception in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:398-408. [PMID: 37519457 PMCID: PMC10382708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient processing of complex and dynamic social scenes relies on intact connectivity of many underlying cortical areas and networks, but how connectivity anomalies affect the neural substrates of social perception remains unknown. Here we measured these relationships using functionally based localization of social perception areas, resting-state functional connectivity, and movie-watching data. Methods In 42 participants with schizophrenia (SzPs) and 41 healthy control subjects, we measured the functional connectivity of areas localized by face-emotion processing, theory-of-mind (ToM), and attention tasks. We quantified the weighted shortest path length between visual and medial prefrontal ToM areas in both populations to assess the impact of these changes in functional connectivity on network structure. We then correlated connectivity along the shortest path in each group with movie-evoked activity in a key node of the ToM network (posterior temporoparietal junction [TPJp]). Results SzPs had pronounced decreases in connectivity in TPJ/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS) areas involved in face-emotion processing (t81 = 4.4, p = .00002). In healthy control subjects, the shortest path connecting visual and medial prefrontal ToM areas passed through TPJ-pSTS, whereas in SzPs, the shortest path passed through the prefrontal cortex. While movie-evoked TPJp activity correlated with connectivity along the TPJ-pSTS pathway in both groups (r = 0.43, p = .002), it additionally correlated with connectivity along the prefrontal cortex pathway only in SzPs (rSzP = 0.56, p = .003). Conclusions These results suggest that connectivity along the human-unique TPJ-pSTS pathway affects both the network architecture and functioning of areas involved in processing complex dynamic social scenes. These results demonstrate how focal connectivity anomalies can have widespread impacts across the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav H. Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - David C. Gruskin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sophie C. Arkin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Juan P. Sanchez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Laura P. Bartel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jessica K. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Antígona Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Rebecca A. Berman
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin N. Ochsner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David A. Leopold
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
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12
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Alves PN, Forkel SJ, Corbetta M, Thiebaut de Schotten M. The subcortical and neurochemical organization of the ventral and dorsal attention networks. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1343. [PMID: 36477440 PMCID: PMC9729227 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention is a core cognitive function that filters and selects behaviourally relevant information in the environment. The cortical mapping of attentional systems identified two segregated networks that mediate stimulus-driven and goal-driven processes, the Ventral and the Dorsal Attention Networks (VAN, DAN). Deep brain electrophysiological recordings, behavioral data from phylogenetic distant species, and observations from human brain pathologies challenge purely corticocentric models. Here, we used advanced methods of functional alignment applied to resting-state functional connectivity analyses to map the subcortical architecture of the Ventral and Dorsal Attention Networks. Our investigations revealed the involvement of the pulvinar, the superior colliculi, the head of caudate nuclei, and a cluster of brainstem nuclei relevant to both networks. These nuclei are densely connected structural network hubs, as revealed by diffusion-weighted imaging tractography. Their projections establish interrelations with the acetylcholine nicotinic receptor as well as dopamine and serotonin transporters, as demonstrated in a spatial correlation analysis with a normative atlas of neurotransmitter systems. This convergence of functional, structural, and neurochemical evidence provides a comprehensive framework to understand the neural basis of attention across different species and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nascimento Alves
- Laboratório de Estudos de Linguagem, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Serviço de Neurologia, Departmento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Stephanie J Forkel
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition Behaviour, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6525GD, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Clinica Neurologica, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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13
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Boshra R, Kastner S. Attention control in the primate brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 76:102605. [PMID: 35850060 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Attention is fundamental to all cognition. In the primate brain, it is implemented by a large-scale network that consists of areas spanning across all major lobes, also including subcortical regions. Classical attention accounts assume that control over the selection process in this network is exerted by 'top-down' mechanisms in the fronto-parietal cortex that influence sensory representations via feedback signals. More recent studies have expanded this view of attentional control. In this review, we will start from a traditional top-down account of attention control, and then discuss more recent findings on feature-based attention, thalamic influences, temporal network dynamics, and behavioral dynamics that collectively lead to substantial modifications. We outline how the different emerging accounts can be reconciled and integrated into a unified theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rober Boshra
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Sabine Kastner
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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14
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Wang H, Liang M, Crewther SG, Yin Z, Wang J, Crewther DP, Yu T. Functional Deficits and Structural Changes Associated With the Visual Attention Network During Resting State in Adult Strabismic and Anisometropic Amblyopes. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:862703. [PMID: 35664341 PMCID: PMC9157425 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.862703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has shown impaired blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)/functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation of the visual attention network in strabismic amblyopia (SA). However, there has been no comparison of resting state fMRI activation and functional connectivity (FC) in brain regions of interest (ROIs) along the visual attention network including visual cortex (V1), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and frontal eye fields (FEFs) during closed eye resting across the SA (n = 20, 13LE), or anisometropic amblyopes (AA) (n = 20, 13LE) groups. Hence, we compared, gray matter volume (GMV), amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and FC in the left and right hemisphere ROIs of the visual attention network in SA, AA, and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 21). Correlation analyses of corrected visual acuity (cVA) of amblyopic eye and MRI results were also performed and showed that the LogMAR cVA of the amblyopic eye positively correlated with right zALFF and zReHo FEF of SA and right IPS of AA only. GMV of both left and right hemisphere V1 areas was significantly greater but ALFF was significantly lower for SA compared to AA and HC groups. zALFF and zReHo analyses in the AA and SA groups indicated significantly higher activation than that in the HC group in the right FEF and IPS but lower than that in the HC group in the left FEF, and only the SA group showed lower activation in both V1 areas than the HC group. FC values of the right FEF–left V1, right FEF–right V1, and right FEF–right IPS pathways in the SA and AA groups were also significantly higher than those in the HC group whereas all other FC values were non-significant. Thus, this study indicates that even during resting-state the visual attention network function is impaired in SA and AA participants with only right hemisphere FEF showing significant activation in SA and IPS in AA suggesting that the slower saccade activation times characteristic of amblyopic eyes lead to the dominant eye controlling activation of the visual attention network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Minglong Liang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Radiology, Aviation Medical Evaluation and Training Center of Airforce in Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheila G. Crewther
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sheila G. Crewther,
| | - Zhengqin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - David P. Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tao Yu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Tao Yu,
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15
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Ramezanpour H, Fallah M. The role of temporal cortex in the control of attention. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100038. [PMID: 36685758 PMCID: PMC9846471 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention is an indispensable component of active vision. Contrary to the widely accepted notion that temporal cortex processing primarily focusses on passive object recognition, a series of very recent studies emphasize the role of temporal cortex structures, specifically the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferotemporal (IT) cortex, in guiding attention and implementing cognitive programs relevant for behavioral tasks. The goal of this theoretical paper is to advance the hypothesis that the temporal cortex attention network (TAN) entails necessary components to actively participate in attentional control in a flexible task-dependent manner. First, we will briefly discuss the general architecture of the temporal cortex with a focus on the STS and IT cortex of monkeys and their modulation with attention. Then we will review evidence from behavioral and neurophysiological studies that support their guidance of attention in the presence of cognitive control signals. Next, we propose a mechanistic framework for executive control of attention in the temporal cortex. Finally, we summarize the role of temporal cortex in implementing cognitive programs and discuss how they contribute to the dynamic nature of visual attention to ensure flexible behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ramezanpour
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding author. Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mazyar Fallah
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,VISTA: Vision Science to Application, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,Corresponding author. Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Kershner JR. Multisensory deficits in dyslexia may result from a locus coeruleus attentional network dysfunction. Neuropsychologia 2021; 161:108023. [PMID: 34530025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental educational requirement of beginning reading is to learn, access, and rapidly process associations between novel visuospatial symbols and their phonological representations in speech. Children with difficulties in such cross-modal integration are often divided into dyslexia subtypes, based on whether their primary problem is with the written or spoken component of decoding. The present review suggests that starting in infancy, perceptions of audiovisual speech are integrated by mutual oscillatory phase-resetting between sensory cortices, and throughout development visual and auditory experiences are coupled into unified perceptions. Entirely separate subtypes are incompatible with this view. Visual or auditory deficits will invariably affect processing to some degree in both domains. It is suggested that poor auditory/visual integration may be diagnostic for both forms of dyslexia, stemming from an encoding weakness in the early cross-sensory binding of audiovisual speech. The review presents a model of dyslexia as a dysfunction of the large-scale ventral and dorsal attention networks controlling such binding. Excessive glutamatergic neuronal excitability of the attention networks by the Locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system may interfere with multisensory integration, with deleterious effects on the acquisition of reading by degrading graphene/phoneme conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Kershner
- Dept. of Applied Psychology and Human Resources University of Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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17
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Klink PC, Aubry JF, Ferrera VP, Fox AS, Froudist-Walsh S, Jarraya B, Konofagou EE, Krauzlis RJ, Messinger A, Mitchell AS, Ortiz-Rios M, Oya H, Roberts AC, Roe AW, Rushworth MFS, Sallet J, Schmid MC, Schroeder CE, Tasserie J, Tsao DY, Uhrig L, Vanduffel W, Wilke M, Kagan I, Petkov CI. Combining brain perturbation and neuroimaging in non-human primates. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118017. [PMID: 33794355 PMCID: PMC11178240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain perturbation studies allow detailed causal inferences of behavioral and neural processes. Because the combination of brain perturbation methods and neural measurement techniques is inherently challenging, research in humans has predominantly focused on non-invasive, indirect brain perturbations, or neurological lesion studies. Non-human primates have been indispensable as a neurobiological system that is highly similar to humans while simultaneously being more experimentally tractable, allowing visualization of the functional and structural impact of systematic brain perturbation. This review considers the state of the art in non-human primate brain perturbation with a focus on approaches that can be combined with neuroimaging. We consider both non-reversible (lesions) and reversible or temporary perturbations such as electrical, pharmacological, optical, optogenetic, chemogenetic, pathway-selective, and ultrasound based interference methods. Method-specific considerations from the research and development community are offered to facilitate research in this field and support further innovations. We conclude by identifying novel avenues for further research and innovation and by highlighting the clinical translational potential of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christiaan Klink
- Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent P Ferrera
- Department of Neuroscience & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S Fox
- Department of Psychology & California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Béchir Jarraya
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, France; Foch Hospital, UVSQ, Suresnes, France
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Krauzlis
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Messinger
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ortiz-Rios
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Oya
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | | | - Jérôme Sallet
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 Bron, France; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Christoph Schmid
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordy Tasserie
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Doris Y Tsao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Computation and Neural Systems, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Uhrig
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Neurosciences Department, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Wilke
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Igor Kagan
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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18
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Vos de Wael R, Royer J, Tavakol S, Wang Y, Paquola C, Benkarim O, Eichert N, Larivière S, Xu T, Misic B, Smallwood J, Valk SL, Bernhardt BC. Structural Connectivity Gradients of the Temporal Lobe Serve as Multiscale Axes of Brain Organization and Cortical Evolution. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5151-5164. [PMID: 34148082 PMCID: PMC8491677 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal lobe is implicated in higher cognitive processes and is one of the regions that underwent substantial reorganization during primate evolution. Its functions are instantiated, in part, by the complex layout of its structural connections. Here, we identified low-dimensional representations of structural connectivity variations in human temporal cortex and explored their microstructural underpinnings and associations to macroscale function. We identified three eigenmodes which described gradients in structural connectivity. These gradients reflected inter-regional variations in cortical microstructure derived from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and postmortem histology. Gradient-informed models accurately predicted macroscale measures of temporal lobe function. Furthermore, the identified gradients aligned closely with established measures of functional reconfiguration and areal expansion between macaques and humans, highlighting their potential role in shaping temporal lobe function throughout primate evolution. Findings were replicated in several datasets. Our results provide robust evidence for three axes of structural connectivity in human temporal cortex with consistent microstructural underpinnings and contributions to large-scale brain network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinder Vos de Wael
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jessica Royer
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Shahin Tavakol
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yezhou Wang
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Casey Paquola
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Oualid Benkarim
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nicole Eichert
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sara Larivière
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, NY 10022, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Sofie L Valk
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Address correspondence to Boris C. Bernhardt, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute (NW-256), McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A2B4, Canada.
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19
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Kagan I, Gibson L, Spanou E, Wilke M. Effective connectivity and spatial selectivity-dependent fMRI changes elicited by microstimulation of pulvinar and LIP. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118283. [PMID: 34147628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamic pulvinar and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) share reciprocal anatomical connections and are part of an extensive cortical and subcortical network involved in spatial attention and oculomotor processing. The goal of this study was to compare the effective connectivity of dorsal pulvinar (dPul) and LIP and to probe the dependency of microstimulation effects on task demands and spatial tuning properties of a given brain region. To this end, we applied unilateral electrical microstimulation in the dPul (mainly medial pulvinar) and LIP in combination with event-related BOLD fMRI in monkeys performing fixation and memory-guided saccade tasks. Microstimulation in both dPul and LIP enhanced task-related activity in monosynaptically-connected fronto-parietal cortex and along the superior temporal sulcus (STS) including putative face patch locations, as well as in extrastriate cortex. LIP microstimulation elicited strong activity in the opposite homotopic LIP while no homotopic activation was found with dPul stimulation. Both dPul and LIP stimulation also elicited activity in several heterotopic cortical areas in the opposite hemisphere, implying polysynaptic propagation of excitation. Despite extensive activation along the intraparietal sulcus evoked by LIP stimulation, there was a difference in frontal and occipital connectivity elicited by posterior and anterior LIP stimulation sites. Comparison of dPul stimulation with the adjacent but functionally dissimilar ventral pulvinar also showed distinct connectivity. On the level of single trial timecourses within each region of interest (ROI), most ROIs did not show task-dependence of stimulation-elicited response modulation. Across ROIs, however, there was an interaction between task and stimulation, and task-specific correlations between the initial spatial selectivity and the magnitude of stimulation effect were observed. Consequently, stimulation-elicited modulation of task-related activity was best fitted by an additive model scaled down by the initial response amplitude. In summary, we identified overlapping and distinct patterns of thalamocortical and corticocortical connectivity of pulvinar and LIP, highlighting the dorsal bank and fundus of STS as a prominent node of shared circuitry. Spatial task-specific and partly polysynaptic modulations of cue and saccade planning delay period activity in both hemispheres exerted by unilateral pulvinar and parietal stimulation provide insight into the distributed interhemispheric processing underlying spatial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kagan
- Decision and Awareness Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen 37077, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen 37077, Germany.
| | - Lydia Gibson
- Decision and Awareness Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen 37077, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Elena Spanou
- Decision and Awareness Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Melanie Wilke
- Decision and Awareness Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen 37077, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen 37077, Germany
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20
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Sims SA, Demirayak P, Cedotal S, Visscher KM. Frontal cortical regions associated with attention connect more strongly to central than peripheral V1. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118246. [PMID: 34111516 PMCID: PMC8415014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of central vision is different from peripheral vision. Central vision is used for fixation and has higher acuity, making it useful for everyday activities such as reading and object identification. The central and peripheral representations in primary visual cortex (V1) also differ in how higher-order processing areas modulate their responses. For example, attention and expectation are top-down processes (i.e., high-order cognitive functions) that influence visual information processing during behavioral tasks. This top-down control is different for central vs. peripheral vision. Since functional networks can influence visual information processing in different ways, networks (such as the Fronto-Parietal (FPN), Default Mode (DMN), and Cingulo-Opercular (CON)) likely differ in how they connect to representations of the visual field across V1. Prior work indicated the central representing portion of V1 was more functionally connected to regions belonging to the FPN, and the far-peripheral representing portion of V1 was more functionally connected to regions belonging to the DMN. Our goals were (1) Assess the reproducibility and generalizability of retinotopic effects on functional connections between V1 and functional networks. (2) Extend this work to understand structural connections of central vs. peripheral representations in V1. (3) Examine the overlapping eccentricity differences in functional and structural connections of V1. (4) Examine the major white matter tracks connecting central V1 to frontal regions. We used resting-state BOLD fMRI and DWI to examine whether portions of V1 that represent different visual eccentricities differ in their functional and structural connectivity to functional networks. All data were acquired and minimally preprocessed by the Human Connectome Project. We identified central and far-peripheral representing regions from a retinotopic template. Functional connectivity was measured by correlated activity between V1 and functional networks, and structural connectivity was measured by probabilistic tractography and converted to track probability. In both modalities, differences between V1 eccentricity segment connections were compared by paired, two-tailed t-test. A spatial permutation approach was used to determine the statistical significance of the spatial overlap between modalities. The identified spatial overlap was then used in a deterministic tractography approach to identify the white matter pathways connecting the overlap to central V1. We found (1) Centrally representing portions of V1 are more strongly functionally connected to frontal regions than are peripherally representing portions of V1, (2) Structural connections also show stronger connections between central V1 and frontal regions, (3) Patterns of structural and functional connections overlaps in the lateral frontal cortex, (4) This lateral frontal overlap is connected to central V1 via the IFOF. In summary, the work’s main contribution is a greater understanding of higher-order functional networks’ connectivity to V1. There are stronger structural connections to central representations in V1, particularly for lateral frontal regions, implying that the functional relationship between central V1 and frontal regions is built upon direct, long-distance connections via the IFOF. Overlapping structural and functional connections reflect differences in V1 eccentricities, with central V1 preferentially connected to attention-associated regions. Understanding how V1 is functionally and structurally connected to higher-order brain areas contributes to our understanding of how the human brain processes visual information and forms a baseline for understanding any modifications in processing that might occur with training or experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Sims
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Pinar Demirayak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Simone Cedotal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Kristina M Visscher
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
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21
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Devaney KJ, Levin EJ, Tripathi V, Higgins JP, Lazar SW, Somers DC. Attention and Default Mode Network Assessments of Meditation Experience during Active Cognition and Rest. Brain Sci 2021; 11:566. [PMID: 33946661 PMCID: PMC8144977 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meditation experience has previously been shown to improve performance on behavioral assessments of attention, but the neural bases of this improvement are unknown. Two prominent, strongly competing networks exist in the human cortex: a dorsal attention network, that is activated during focused attention, and a default mode network, that is suppressed during attentionally demanding tasks. Prior studies suggest that strong anti-correlations between these networks indicate good brain health. In addition, a third network, a ventral attention network, serves as a "circuit-breaker" that transiently disrupts and redirects focused attention to permit salient stimuli to capture attention. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to contrast cortical network activation between experienced focused attention Vipassana meditators and matched controls. Participants performed two attention tasks during scanning: a sustained attention task and an attention-capture task. Meditators demonstrated increased magnitude of differential activation in the dorsal attention vs. default mode network in a sustained attention task, relative to controls. In contrast, there were no evident attention network differences between meditators and controls in an attentional reorienting paradigm. A resting state functional connectivity analysis revealed a greater magnitude of anticorrelation between dorsal attention and default mode networks in the meditators as compared to both our local control group and a n = 168 Human Connectome Project dataset. These results demonstrate, with both task- and rest-based fMRI data, increased stability in sustained attention processes without an associated attentional capture cost in meditators. Task and resting-state results, which revealed stronger anticorrelations between dorsal attention and default mode networks in experienced mediators than in controls, are consistent with a brain health benefit of long-term meditation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Devaney
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.J.L.); (V.T.); (J.P.H.)
| | - Emily J. Levin
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.J.L.); (V.T.); (J.P.H.)
- Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Vaibhav Tripathi
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.J.L.); (V.T.); (J.P.H.)
| | - James P. Higgins
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.J.L.); (V.T.); (J.P.H.)
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - David C. Somers
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.J.L.); (V.T.); (J.P.H.)
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22
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Mansouri FA, Buckley MJ, Fehring DJ, Tanaka K. The Role of Primate Prefrontal Cortex in Bias and Shift Between Visual Dimensions. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:85-99. [PMID: 31220222 PMCID: PMC7029686 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging and neural activity recording studies have shown activation in the primate prefrontal cortex when shifting attention between visual dimensions is necessary to achieve goals. A fundamental unanswered question is whether representations of these dimensions emerge from top-down attentional processes mediated by prefrontal regions or from bottom-up processes within visual cortical regions. We hypothesized a causative link between prefrontal cortical regions and dimension-based behavior. In large cohorts of humans and macaque monkeys, performing the same attention shifting task, we found that both species successfully shifted between visual dimensions, but both species also showed a significant behavioral advantage/bias to a particular dimension; however, these biases were in opposite directions in humans (bias to color) versus monkeys (bias to shape). Monkeys' bias remained after selective bilateral lesions within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), frontopolar cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), or superior, lateral prefrontal cortex. However, lesions within certain regions (ACC, DLPFC, or OFC) impaired monkeys' ability to shift between these dimensions. We conclude that goal-directed processing of a particular dimension for the executive control of behavior depends on the integrity of prefrontal cortex; however, representation of competing dimensions and bias toward them does not depend on top-down prefrontal-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad A Mansouri
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark J Buckley
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Fehring
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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23
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Borra E, Luppino G. Comparative anatomy of the macaque and the human frontal oculomotor domain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:43-56. [PMID: 33737106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In non-human primates, at the junction of the prefrontal with the premotor cortex, there is a sector designated as frontal eye field (FEF), involved in controlling oculomotor behavior and spatial attention. Evidence for at least two FEFs in humans is at the basis of the still open issue of the possible homologies between the macaque and the human frontal oculomotor system. In this review article we address this issue suggesting a new view solidly grounded on evidence from the last decade showing that, in macaques, the FEF is at the core of an oculomotor domain in which several distinct areas, including areas 45A and 45B, provide the substrate for parallel processing of different aspects of oculomotor behavior. Based on comparative considerations, we will propose a correspondence between some of the macaque and the human oculomotor fields, thus suggesting sharing of neural substrate for oculomotor control, gaze processing, and orienting attention in space. Accordingly, this article could contribute to settle some aspects of the so-called "enigma" of the human FEF anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Borra
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Luppino
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, Italy
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24
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Patel GH, Arkin SC, Ruiz-Betancourt DR, Plaza FI, Mirza SA, Vieira DJ, Strauss NE, Klim CC, Sanchez-Peña JP, Bartel LP, Grinband J, Martinez A, Berman RA, Ochsner KN, Leopold DA, Javitt DC. Failure to engage the temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts impaired naturalistic social cognition in schizophrenia. Brain 2021; 144:1898-1910. [PMID: 33710282 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition. However, the neural correlates of these deficits remain unclear. Here we use naturalistic stimuli to examine the role of the right temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS)-an integrative hub for the cortical networks pertinent to the understanding complex social situations-in social inference, a key component of social cognition, in schizophrenia. Twenty-seven schizophrenia participants and 21 healthy control subjects watched a clip of the film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly while high resolution multiband functional MRI images were collected. We used inter-subject correlation to measure the evoked activity, which we then compared to social cognition as measured by The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). We also compared between groups the TPJ-pSTS blood oxygen level-dependent activity (i) relationship with the motion content in the film; (ii) synchronization with other cortical areas involved in the viewing of the movie; and (iii) relationship with the frequency of saccades made during the movie. Activation deficits were greatest in middle TPJ (TPJm) and correlated significantly with impaired TASIT performance across groups. Follow-up analyses of the TPJ-pSTS revealed decreased synchronization with other cortical areas, decreased correlation with the motion content of the movie, and decreased correlation with the saccades made during the movie. The functional impairment of the TPJm, a hub area in the middle of the TPJ-pSTS, predicts deficits in social inference in schizophrenia participants by disrupting the integration of visual motion processing into the TPJ. This disrupted integration then affects the use of the TPJ to guide saccades during the visual scanning of the movie clip. These findings suggest that the TPJ may be a treatment target for improving deficits in a key component of social cognition in schizophrenia participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav H Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sophie C Arkin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Fabiola I Plaza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Safia A Mirza
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel J Vieira
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Casimir C Klim
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan P Sanchez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura P Bartel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Rebecca A Berman
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David A Leopold
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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25
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Friedrich P, Forkel SJ, Amiez C, Balsters JH, Coulon O, Fan L, Goulas A, Hadj-Bouziane F, Hecht EE, Heuer K, Jiang T, Latzman RD, Liu X, Loh KK, Patil KR, Lopez-Persem A, Procyk E, Sallet J, Toro R, Vickery S, Weis S, Wilson CRE, Xu T, Zerbi V, Eickoff SB, Margulies DS, Mars RB, Thiebaut de Schotten M. Imaging evolution of the primate brain: the next frontier? Neuroimage 2021; 228:117685. [PMID: 33359344 PMCID: PMC7116589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution, as we currently understand it, strikes a delicate balance between animals' ancestral history and adaptations to their current niche. Similarities between species are generally considered inherited from a common ancestor whereas observed differences are considered as more recent evolution. Hence comparing species can provide insights into the evolutionary history. Comparative neuroimaging has recently emerged as a novel subdiscipline, which uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify similarities and differences in brain structure and function across species. Whereas invasive histological and molecular techniques are superior in spatial resolution, they are laborious, post-mortem, and oftentimes limited to specific species. Neuroimaging, by comparison, has the advantages of being applicable across species and allows for fast, whole-brain, repeatable, and multi-modal measurements of the structure and function in living brains and post-mortem tissue. In this review, we summarise the current state of the art in comparative anatomy and function of the brain and gather together the main scientific questions to be explored in the future of the fascinating new field of brain evolution derived from comparative neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Friedrich
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France; Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (Brain & Behaviour, INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Germany.
| | - Stephanie J Forkel
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France; Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Céline Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 Bron, France
| | - Joshua H Balsters
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Coulon
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7289, Marseille, France; Institute for Language, Communication, and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Lingzhong Fan
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Alexandros Goulas
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fadila Hadj-Bouziane
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Erin E Hecht
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Katja Heuer
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Université de Paris, Inserm, Paris 75004, France; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (Brain & Behaviour, INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Germany
| | - Kep Kee Loh
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7289, Marseille, France; Institute for Language, Communication, and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (Brain & Behaviour, INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Germany
| | - Alizée Lopez-Persem
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 Bron, France
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 Bron, France; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Toro
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Université de Paris, Inserm, Paris 75004, France; Neuroscience department, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3571, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sam Vickery
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (Brain & Behaviour, INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Germany
| | - Susanne Weis
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (Brain & Behaviour, INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Germany
| | - Charles R E Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 Bron, France
| | - Ting Xu
- Child Mind Institute, New York, United States
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon B Eickoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (Brain & Behaviour, INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France; Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (UMR 8002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France; Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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26
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Bogadhi AR, Katz LN, Bollimunta A, Leopold DA, Krauzlis RJ. Midbrain activity shapes high-level visual properties in the primate temporal cortex. Neuron 2021; 109:690-699.e5. [PMID: 33338395 PMCID: PMC7897281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent fMRI experiments identified an attention-related region in the macaque temporal cortex, here called the floor of the superior temporal sulcus (fSTS), as the primary cortical target of superior colliculus (SC) activity. However, it remains unclear which aspects of attention are processed by fSTS neurons and how or why these might depend on SC activity. Here, we show that SC inactivation decreases attentional modulations in fSTS neurons by increasing their activity for ignored stimuli in addition to decreasing their activity for attended stimuli. Neurons in the fSTS also exhibit event-related activity during attention tasks linked to detection performance, and this link is eliminated during SC inactivation. Finally, fSTS neurons respond selectively to particular visual objects, and this selectivity is reduced markedly during SC inactivation. These diverse, high-level properties of fSTS neurons all involve visual signals that carry behavioral relevance. Their dependence on SC activity could reflect a circuit that prioritizes cortical processing of events detected subcortically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarender R Bogadhi
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Leor N Katz
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Anil Bollimunta
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Inscopix, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
| | - David A Leopold
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard J Krauzlis
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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27
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Sani I, Stemmann H, Caron B, Bullock D, Stemmler T, Fahle M, Pestilli F, Freiwald WA. The human endogenous attentional control network includes a ventro-temporal cortical node. Nat Commun 2021; 12:360. [PMID: 33452252 PMCID: PMC7810878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous attention is the cognitive function that selects the relevant pieces of sensory information to achieve goals and it is known to be controlled by dorsal fronto-parietal brain areas. Here we expand this notion by identifying a control attention area located in the temporal lobe. By combining a demanding behavioral paradigm with functional neuroimaging and diffusion tractography, we show that like fronto-parietal attentional areas, the human posterior inferotemporal cortex exhibits significant attentional modulatory activity. This area is functionally distinct from surrounding cortical areas, and is directly connected to parietal and frontal attentional regions. These results show that attentional control spans three cortical lobes and overarches large distances through fiber pathways that run orthogonally to the dominant anterior-posterior axes of sensory processing, thus suggesting a different organizing principle for cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Sani
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Laboratory of Neurology & Imaging of Cognition, University of Geneva, Chemin de mines 9, 1202 Geneva, CH Switzerland
| | - Heiko Stemmann
- grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381Institute for Brain Research and Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bradley Caron
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Daniel Bullock
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Torsten Stemmler
- grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381Institute for Brain Research and Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Manfred Fahle
- grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381Institute for Brain Research and Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Franco Pestilli
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA ,grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Winrich A. Freiwald
- grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA ,Center for Brains, Minds & Machines, Cambridge, MA USA
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28
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Yeager B, Dougher C, Cook R, Medaglia J. The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in understanding attention-related networks in single subjects. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 2:100017. [PMID: 36246510 PMCID: PMC9559099 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2021.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention is a cognitive mechanism that has been studied through several methodological viewpoints, including animal models, MRI in stroke patients, and fMRI in healthy subjects. Activation-based fMRI research has also pointed to specific networks that activate during attention tasks. Most recently, network neuroscience has been used to study the functional connectivity of large-scale networks for attention to reveal how strongly correlated networks are to each other when engaged in specific behaviors. While neuroimaging has revealed important information about the neural correlates of attention, it is crucial to better understand how these processes are organized and executed in the brain in single subjects to guide theories and treatments for attention. Noninvasive brain stimulation is an effective tool to causally manipulate neural activity to detect the causal roles of circuits in behavior. We describe how combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with modern precision network analysis in single-subject neuroimaging could test the roles of regions, circuits, and networks in regulating attention as a pathway to improve treatment effect magnitudes and specificity. Though studied for over 100 years, the brain basis of attention is still queried. Complexity in frameworks for attention makes brain mapping difficult. Relevant brain networks vary significantly across subjects, challenging progress. Single-subject neuroimaging with TMS can improve our understanding of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.E. Yeager
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - C.C. Dougher
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R.H. Cook
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J.D. Medaglia
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall, 3201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Mail Stop 423, New College Building, Suite 7102, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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29
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Xu T, Nenning KH, Schwartz E, Hong SJ, Vogelstein JT, Goulas A, Fair DA, Schroeder CE, Margulies DS, Smallwood J, Milham MP, Langs G. Cross-species functional alignment reveals evolutionary hierarchy within the connectome. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117346. [PMID: 32916286 PMCID: PMC7871099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution provides an important window into how cortical organization shapes function and vice versa. The complex mosaic of changes in brain morphology and functional organization that have shaped the mammalian cortex during evolution, complicates attempts to chart cortical differences across species. It limits our ability to fully appreciate how evolution has shaped our brain, especially in systems associated with unique human cognitive capabilities that lack anatomical homologues in other species. Here, we develop a function-based method for cross-species alignment that enables the quantification of homologous regions between humans and rhesus macaques, even when their location is decoupled from anatomical landmarks. Critically, we find cross-species similarity in functional organization reflects a gradient of evolutionary change that decreases from unimodal systems and culminates with the most pronounced changes in posterior regions of the default mode network (angular gyrus, posterior cingulate and middle temporal cortices). Our findings suggest that the establishment of the default mode network, as the apex of a cognitive hierarchy, has changed in a complex manner during human evolution - even within subnetworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Karl-Heinz Nenning
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Schwartz
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua T Vogelstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - Alexandros Goulas
- Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Damien A Fair
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Departments of neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Jonny Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Psychology Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Georg Langs
- Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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30
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Arkin SC, Ruiz-Betancourt D, Jamerson EC, Smith RT, Strauss NE, Klim CC, Javitt DC, Patel GH. Deficits and compensation: Attentional control cortical networks in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102348. [PMID: 32736323 PMCID: PMC7393326 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Examined attention systems in SzP with resting-state connectivity and task fMRI. SzP have functional connectivity deficits in late visual cortex and prefrontal areas. Task performance correlated with ventral attention network deactivation in SzP only. This relationship is mediated by connectivity of key attentional control components. Results reveal deficits and potential compensation in SzP visual processing/attention.
Visual processing and attention deficits are responsible for a substantial portion of the disability caused by schizophrenia, but the source of these deficits remains unclear. In 35 schizophrenia patients (SzP) and 34 healthy controls (HC), we used a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) visual search task designed to activate/deactivate the cortical components of the attentional control system (i.e. the dorsal and ventral attention networks, lateral prefrontal regions in the frontoparietal network, and cingulo-opercular/salience networks), along with resting state functional connectivity, to examine the integrity of these components. While we find that behavioral performance and activation/deactivation of the RSVP task are largely similar between groups, SzP exhibited decreased functional connectivity within late visual components and between prefrontal and other components. We also find that performance correlates with the deactivation of the ventral attention network in SzP only. This relationship is mediated by the functional connectivity of critical components of the attentional control system. In summary, our results suggest that the attentional control system is potentially used to compensate for visual cortex deficits. Furthermore, prefrontal deficits in SzP may interfere with this compensatory use of the attentional control system. In addition to highlighting focal deficits and potential compensatory mechanisms in visual processing and attention, our findings point to the attentional control system as a potential target for rehabilitation and neuromodulation-based treatments for visual processing deficits in SzP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Arkin
- University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Betancourt
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 10032, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 10032, United States
| | | | | | | | - Casimir C Klim
- University of Michigan Medical School, 48109, United States
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 10032, United States; Nathan Kline Institute, 10962, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 10032, United States
| | - Gaurav H Patel
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 10032, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 10032, United States.
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31
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Smith R, Steklis HD, Steklis NG, Weihs KL, Lane RD. The evolution and development of the uniquely human capacity for emotional awareness: A synthesis of comparative anatomical, cognitive, neurocomputational, and evolutionary psychological perspectives. Biol Psychol 2020; 154:107925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Khrameeva E, Kurochkin I, Han D, Guijarro P, Kanton S, Santel M, Qian Z, Rong S, Mazin P, Sabirov M, Bulat M, Efimova O, Tkachev A, Guo S, Sherwood CC, Camp JG, Pääbo S, Treutlein B, Khaitovich P. Single-cell-resolution transcriptome map of human, chimpanzee, bonobo, and macaque brains. Genome Res 2020; 30:776-789. [PMID: 32424074 PMCID: PMC7263190 DOI: 10.1101/gr.256958.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identification of gene expression traits unique to the human brain sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying human evolution. Here, we searched for uniquely human gene expression traits by analyzing 422 brain samples from humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and macaques representing 33 anatomical regions, as well as 88,047 cell nuclei composing three of these regions. Among 33 regions, cerebral cortex areas, hypothalamus, and cerebellar gray and white matter evolved rapidly in humans. At the cellular level, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors displayed more differences in the human evolutionary lineage than the neurons. Comparison of the bulk tissue and single-nuclei sequencing revealed that conventional RNA sequencing did not detect up to two-thirds of cell-type-specific evolutionary differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia
| | - Dingding Han
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Patricia Guijarro
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Sabina Kanton
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Santel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Zhengzong Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shen Rong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pavel Mazin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia.,Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - Marat Sabirov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Matvei Bulat
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia
| | - Olga Efimova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia
| | - Anna Tkachev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia.,Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia
| | - Song Guo
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, 4057, Switzerland
| | - Svante Pääbo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 143028, Russia.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
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33
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Krishnamurthy V, Krishnamurthy LC, Drucker JH, Kundu S, Ji B, Hortman K, Roberts SR, Mammino K, Tran SM, Gopinath K, McGregor KM, Rodriguez AD, Qiu D, Crosson B, Nocera JR. Correcting Task fMRI Signals for Variability in Baseline CBF Improves BOLD-Behavior Relationships: A Feasibility Study in an Aging Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:336. [PMID: 32425745 PMCID: PMC7205008 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) functional MRI is a complex neurovascular signal whose magnitude depends on baseline physiological factors such as cerebral blood flow (CBF). Because baseline CBF varies across the brain and is altered with aging, the interpretation of stand-alone aging-related BOLD changes can be misleading. The primary objective of this study was to develop a methodology that combines task fMRI and arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques to sensitize task-induced BOLD activity by covarying out the baseline physiology (i.e., CBF) in an aging model. We recruited 11 younger and 13 older healthy participants who underwent ASL and an overt language fMRI task (semantic category member generation). We measured in-scanner language performance to investigate the effect of BOLD sensitization on BOLD-behavior relationships. The results demonstrate that our correction approach is effective at enhancing the specificity and sensitivity of the BOLD signal in both groups. In addition, the correction strengthens the statistical association between task BOLD activity and behavioral performance. Although CBF has inherent age dependence, our results show that retaining the age factor within CBF aides in greater sensitization of task fMRI signals. From a cognitive standpoint, compared to young adults, the older participants showed a delayed domain-general language-related task activity possibly due to compromised vessel compliance. Further, assessment of functional evolution of corrected BOLD activity revealed biphasic BOLD dynamics in both groups where BOLD deactivation may reflect greater semantic demand or increased premium on domain general executive functioning in response to task difficulty. Although it was promising to note that the predictability of behavior using the proposed methodology outperforms other methodologies (i.e., no correction and normalization by division), and provides moderate stability and adequate power, further work with a larger cohort and other task designs is necessary to improve the stability of predicting associated behavior. In summary, we recommend correction of task fMRI signals by covarying out baseline CBF especially when comparing groups with different neurovascular properties. Given that ASL and BOLD fMRI are well established and widely employed techniques, our proposed multi-modal methodology can be readily implemented into data processing pipelines to obtain more accurate BOLD activation maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Lisa C Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jonathan H Drucker
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kyle Hortman
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Simone R Roberts
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kevin Mammino
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Stella M Tran
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kaundinya Gopinath
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Keith M McGregor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Amy D Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Deqiang Qiu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bruce Crosson
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joe R Nocera
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Decatur, GA, United States.,Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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34
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Murd C, Moisa M, Grueschow M, Polania R, Ruff CC. Causal contributions of human frontal eye fields to distinct aspects of decision formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7317. [PMID: 32355294 PMCID: PMC7193618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several theories propose that perceptual decision making depends on the gradual accumulation of information that provides evidence in favour of one of the choice-options. The outcome of this temporally extended integration process is thought to be categorized into the 'winning' and 'losing' choice-options for action. Neural correlates of corresponding decision formation processes have been observed in various frontal and parietal brain areas, among them the frontal eye-fields (FEF). However, the specific functional role of the FEFs is debated. Recent studies in humans and rodents provide conflicting accounts, proposing that the FEF either accumulate the choice-relevant information or categorize the outcome of such evidence integration into discrete actions. Here, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on humans to interfere with either left or right FEF activity during different timepoints of perceptual decision-formation. Stimulation of either FEF affected performance only when delivered during information integration but not during subsequent categorical choice. However, the patterns of behavioural changes suggest that the left-FEF contributes to general evidence integration, whereas right-FEF may direct spatial attention to the contralateral hemifield. Taken together, our results indicate an FEF involvement in evidence accumulation but not categorization, and suggest hemispheric lateralization for this function in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Murd
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland. .,Department of Penal Law, School of Law, University of Tartu, Teatri väljak 3, Tallinn, 10143, Estonia.
| | - Marius Moisa
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Grueschow
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Polania
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland.,Decision Neuroscience Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Rämistrasse 101, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Christian C Ruff
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
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35
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Adam R, Johnston K, Menon RS, Everling S. Functional reorganization during the recovery of contralesional target selection deficits after prefrontal cortex lesions in macaque monkeys. Neuroimage 2020; 207:116339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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36
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Spagna A, Kim TH, Wu T, Fan J. Right hemisphere superiority for executive control of attention. Cortex 2020; 122:263-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Clarke T, Jamieson JD, Malone P, Rayhan RU, Washington S, VanMeter JW, Baraniuk JN. Connectivity differences between Gulf War Illness (GWI) phenotypes during a test of attention. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226481. [PMID: 31891592 PMCID: PMC6938369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One quarter of veterans returning from the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War have developed Gulf War Illness (GWI) with chronic pain, fatigue, cognitive and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Exertion leads to characteristic, delayed onset exacerbations that are not relieved by sleep. We have modeled exertional exhaustion by comparing magnetic resonance images from before and after submaximal exercise. One third of the 27 GWI participants had brain stem atrophy and developed postural tachycardia after exercise (START: Stress Test Activated Reversible Tachycardia). The remainder activated basal ganglia and anterior insulae during a cognitive task (STOPP: Stress Test Originated Phantom Perception). Here, the role of attention in cognitive dysfunction was assessed by seed region correlations during a simple 0-back stimulus matching task (“see a letter, push a button”) performed before exercise. Analysis was analogous to resting state, but different from psychophysiological interactions (PPI). The patterns of correlations between nodes in task and default networks were significantly different for START (n = 9), STOPP (n = 18) and control (n = 8) subjects. Edges shared by the 3 groups may represent co-activation caused by the 0-back task. Controls had a task network of right dorsolateral and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior insulae and frontal eye fields (dorsal attention network). START had a large task module centered on the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex with direct links to basal ganglia, anterior insulae, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex nodes, and through dorsal attention network (intraparietal sulci and frontal eye fields) nodes to a default module. STOPP had 2 task submodules of basal ganglia–anterior insulae, and dorsolateral prefrontal executive control regions. Dorsal attention and posterior insulae nodes were embedded in the default module and were distant from the task networks. These three unique connectivity patterns during an attention task support the concept of Gulf War Disease with recognizable, objective patterns of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Clarke
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jessie D. Jamieson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Patrick Malone
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rakib U. Rayhan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stuart Washington
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - John W. VanMeter
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - James N. Baraniuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Abstract
A fundamental dogma in the cognitive neurosciences is that attention is controlled by parietal and prefrontal areas. Here, we show that an area in the temporal lobe exhibits the properties of a priority map coding the focus of attention. We show this through whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging, electrophysiological single-unit recordings, and causal electrical stimulation. This discovery changes our understanding of the organization of visual pathways and the functions of attention networks. From incoming sensory information, our brains make selections according to current behavioral goals. This process, selective attention, is controlled by parietal and frontal areas. Here, we show that another brain area, posterior inferotemporal cortex (PITd), also exhibits the defining properties of attentional control. We discovered this area with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an attentive motion discrimination task. Single-cell recordings from PITd revealed strong attentional modulation across 3 attention tasks yet no tuning to task-relevant stimulus features, like motion direction or color. Instead, PITd neurons closely tracked the subject’s attention state and predicted upcoming errors of attentional selection. Furthermore, artificial electrical PITd stimulation controlled the location of attentional selection without altering feature discrimination. These are the defining properties of a feature-blind priority map encoding the locus of attention. Together, these results suggest area PITd, located strategically to gather information about object properties, as an attentional priority map.
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39
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Borra E, Luppino G. Large-scale temporo–parieto–frontal networks for motor and cognitive motor functions in the primate brain. Cortex 2019; 118:19-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Neurobiological systems in dyslexia. Trends Neurosci Educ 2019; 14:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Bogadhi AR, Bollimunta A, Leopold DA, Krauzlis RJ. Spatial Attention Deficits Are Causally Linked to an Area in Macaque Temporal Cortex. Curr Biol 2019; 29:726-736.e4. [PMID: 30773369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatial neglect is a common clinical syndrome involving disruption of the brain's attention-related circuitry, including the dorsocaudal temporal cortex. In macaques, the attention deficits associated with neglect can be readily modeled, but the absence of evidence for temporal cortex involvement has suggested a fundamental difference from humans. To map the neurological expression of neglect-like attention deficits in macaques, we measured attention-related fMRI activity across the cerebral cortex during experimental induction of neglect through reversible inactivation of the superior colliculus and frontal eye fields. During inactivation, monkeys exhibited hallmark attentional deficits of neglect in tasks using either motion or non-motion stimuli. The behavioral deficits were accompanied by marked reductions in fMRI attentional modulation that were strongest in a small region on the floor of the superior temporal sulcus; smaller reductions were also found in frontal eye fields and dorsal parietal cortex. Notably, direct inactivation of the mid-superior temporal sulcus (STS) cortical region identified by fMRI caused similar neglect-like spatial attention deficits. These results identify a putative macaque homolog to temporal cortex structures known to play a central role in human neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarender R Bogadhi
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Anil Bollimunta
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David A Leopold
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard J Krauzlis
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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42
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Patel GH, Sestieri C, Corbetta M. The evolution of the temporoparietal junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus. Cortex 2019; 118:38-50. [PMID: 30808550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The scale at which humans can handle complex social situations is massively increased compared to other animals. However, the neural substrates of this scaling remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss how the expansion and rearrangement of the temporoparietal junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS) may have played a key role in the growth of human social abilities. Comparing the function and anatomy of the TPJ-pSTS in humans and macaques, which are thought to be separated by 25 million years of evolution, we find that the expansion of this region in humans has shifted the architecture of the dorsal and ventral processing streams. The TPJ-pSTS contains areas related to face-emotion processing, attention, theory of mind operations, and memory; its expansion has allowed for the elaboration and rearrangement of the cortical areas contained within, and potentially the introduction of new cortical areas. Based on the arrangement and the function of these areas in the human, we propose that the TPJ-pSTS is the basis of a third frontoparietal processing stream that underlies the increased social abilities in humans. We then describe a model of how the TPJ-pSTS areas interact as a hub that coordinates the activities of multiple brain networks in the exploration of the complex dynamic social scenes typical of the human social experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav H Patel
- Columbia University, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA.
| | | | - Maurizio Corbetta
- University of Padova, Italy; Washington University School of Medicine, USA
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43
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Sani I, McPherson BC, Stemmann H, Pestilli F, Freiwald WA. Functionally defined white matter of the macaque monkey brain reveals a dorso-ventral attention network. eLife 2019; 8:e40520. [PMID: 30601116 PMCID: PMC6345568 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical studies of attention have identified areas of parietal and frontal cortex as sources of attentional control. Recently, a ventral region in the macaque temporal cortex, the posterior infero-temporal dorsal area PITd, has been suggested as a third attentional control area. This raises the question of whether and how spatially distant areas coordinate a joint focus of attention. Here we tested the hypothesis that parieto-frontal attention areas and PITd are directly interconnected. By combining functional MRI with ex-vivo high-resolution diffusion MRI, we found that PITd and dorsal attention areas are all directly connected through three specific fascicles. These results ascribe a new function, the communication of attention signals, to two known fiber-bundles, highlight the importance of vertical interactions across the two visual streams, and imply that the control of endogenous attention, hitherto thought to reside in macaque dorsal cortical areas, is exerted by a dorso-ventral network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Sani
- Laboratory of Neural SystemsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Brent C McPherson
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonUnited States
| | - Heiko Stemmann
- Institute for Brain Research and Center for Advanced ImagingUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Franco Pestilli
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesIndiana UniversityBloomingtonUnited States
| | - Winrich A Freiwald
- Laboratory of Neural SystemsThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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44
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Di Plinio S, Ebisch SJH. Brain network profiling defines functionally specialized cortical networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4689-4706. [PMID: 30076763 PMCID: PMC6866440 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging research made rapid advances in the study of the functional architecture of the brain during the past decade. Many proposals endorsed the relevance of large-scale brain networks, defined as ensembles of brain regions that exhibit highly correlated signal fluctuations. However, analysis methods need further elaboration to define the functional and anatomical extent of specialized subsystems within classical networks with a high reliability. We present a novel approach to characterize and examine the functional proprieties of brain networks. This approach, labeled as brain network profiling (BNP), considers similarities in task-evoked activity and resting-state functional connectivity across biologically relevant brain subregions. To combine task-driven activity and functional connectivity features, principal components were extracted separately for task-related beta values and resting-state functional connectivity z-values (data available from the Human Connectome Project), from 360 brain parcels. Multiple clustering procedures were employed to assess if different clustering methods (Gaussian mixtures; k-means) and/or data structures (task and rest data; only rest data) led to improvements in the replication of the brain architecture. The results indicated that combining information from resting-state functional connectivity and task-evoked activity and using Gaussian mixtures models for clustering produces more reliable results (99% replication across data sets). Moreover, the findings revealed a high-resolution partition of the cerebral cortex in 16 networks with unique functional connectivity and/or task-evoked activity profiles. BNP potentially offers new approaches to advance the investigation of the brain functional architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Plinio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical ScienceG. d'Annunzio University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Sjoerd J. H. Ebisch
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical ScienceG. d'Annunzio University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical TechnologiesG. d'Annunzio University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
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45
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Patel GH. Cortical Hub Failure in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:e65-e66. [PMID: 30297024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav H Patel
- Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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46
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Anhøj S, Ødegaard Nielsen M, Jensen MH, Ford K, Fagerlund B, Williamson P, Glenthøj B, Rostrup E. Alterations of Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in Antipsychotic-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:1332-1340. [PMID: 29373756 PMCID: PMC6192505 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigation of large-scale intrinsic connectivity networks in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia increases our understanding of system-level cerebral dysfunction in schizophrenia while enabling control of confounding effects of medication and disease progression. Reports on functional connectivity in antipsychotic-naïve patients have been mixed and the relation between network alterations, psychopathology and cognition is unclear. METHODS A total number of 47 patients with first-episode schizophrenia who had never received antipsychotic medication and 47 healthy controls were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging under resting conditions. Main outcome measures were differences in functional connectivity between groups and the relationship between network alterations, psychopathology and cognition. RESULTS Altered connectivity was found between right central executive network (CEN) and right ventral attention network (VAN) (patients > controls, P = .001), left CEN and left VAN (P = .002), and between posterior default mode network and auditory network (P = .006). Association between network connectivity and clinical characteristics was found as interactions between the effects of group and sustained attention (P = .005) and between group and processing speed (P = .007) on the connectivity between right CEN and right VAN. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the early phase of schizophrenia is characterized by increased connectivity between fronto-parietal networks suggested to be involved in the control of cognitive and sensory functions. Moreover, the present study suggests that the problem of not disengaging the VAN leads to difficulties with attention and possibly subjective awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Anhøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 29-67, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; tel: 4523-837-790, fax: 0045 38640443 e-mail:
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Høj Jensen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Ford
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London Health Science Centre, University Hospital, Canada
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Williamson
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London Health Science Centre, University Hospital, Canada
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark
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Salmi J, Salmela V, Salo E, Mikkola K, Leppämäki S, Tani P, Hokkanen L, Laasonen M, Numminen J, Alho K. Out of focus – Brain attention control deficits in adult ADHD. Brain Res 2018; 1692:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Seidel Malkinson T, Bartolomeo P. Fronto-parietal organization for response times in inhibition of return: The FORTIOR model. Cortex 2018; 102:176-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Rinne T, Muers RS, Salo E, Slater H, Petkov CI. Functional Imaging of Audio-Visual Selective Attention in Monkeys and Humans: How do Lapses in Monkey Performance Affect Cross-Species Correspondences? Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3471-3484. [PMID: 28419201 PMCID: PMC5654311 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-species correspondences and differences in how attention modulates brain responses in humans and animal models are poorly understood. We trained 2 monkeys to perform an audio–visual selective attention task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), rewarding them to attend to stimuli in one modality while ignoring those in the other. Monkey fMRI identified regions strongly modulated by auditory or visual attention. Surprisingly, auditory attention-related modulations were much more restricted in monkeys than humans performing the same tasks during fMRI. Further analyses ruled out trivial explanations, suggesting that labile selective-attention performance was associated with inhomogeneous modulations in wide cortical regions in the monkeys. The findings provide initial insights into how audio–visual selective attention modulates the primate brain, identify sources for “lost” attention effects in monkeys, and carry implications for modeling the neurobiology of human cognition with nonhuman animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Rinne
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ross S Muers
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Salo
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heather Slater
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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50
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Functional anatomy of the macaque temporo-parieto-frontal connectivity. Cortex 2017; 97:306-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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