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SenthilKumar G, Hammond ST, Zirgibel Z, Cohen KE, Beyer AM, Freed JK. Is the peripheral microcirculation a window into the human coronary microvasculature? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:67-77. [PMID: 38848808 PMCID: PMC11260236 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests a pivotal role for the microvasculature in the development of cardiovascular disease. A dysfunctional coronary microvascular network, specifically within endothelial cells-the inner most cell layer of vessels-is considered a strong, independent risk factor for future major adverse cardiac events. However, challenges exist with evaluating this critical vascular bed, as many of the currently available techniques are highly invasive and cost prohibitive. The more easily accessible peripheral microcirculation has surfaced as a potential surrogate in which to study mechanisms of coronary microvascular dysfunction and likewise may be used to predict poor cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we critically evaluate a variety of prognostic, physiological, and mechanistic studies in humans to answer whether the peripheral microcirculation can add insight into coronary microvascular health. A conceptual framework is proposed that the health of the endothelium specifically may link the coronary and peripheral microvascular beds. This is supported by evidence showing a correlation between human coronary and peripheral endothelial function in vivo. Although not a replacement for investigating and understanding coronary microvascular function, the microvascular endothelium from the periphery responds similarly to (patho)physiological stress and may be leveraged to explore potential therapeutic pathways to mitigate stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Stephen T Hammond
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Zachary Zirgibel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Katie E Cohen
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Julie K Freed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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2
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Yang GN, Sun YBY, Roberts PK, Moka H, Sung MK, Gardner-Russell J, El Wazan L, Toussaint B, Kumar S, Machin H, Dusting GJ, Parfitt GJ, Davidson K, Chong EW, Brown KD, Polo JM, Daniell M. Exploring single-cell RNA sequencing as a decision-making tool in the clinical management of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101286. [PMID: 38969166 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the identification of novel gene signatures and cell heterogeneity in numerous tissues and diseases. Here we review the use of this technology for Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD). FECD is the most common indication for corneal endothelial transplantation worldwide. FECD is challenging to manage because it is genetically heterogenous, can be autosomal dominant or sporadic, and progress at different rates. Single-cell RNA sequencing has enabled the discovery of several FECD subtypes, each with associated gene signatures, and cell heterogeneity. Current FECD treatments are mainly surgical, with various Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors used to promote endothelial cell metabolism and proliferation following surgery. A range of emerging therapies for FECD including cell therapies, gene therapies, tissue engineered scaffolds, and pharmaceuticals are in preclinical and clinical trials. Unlike conventional disease management methods based on clinical presentations and family history, targeting FECD using scRNA-seq based precision-medicine has the potential to pinpoint the disease subtypes, mechanisms, stages, severities, and help clinicians in making the best decision for surgeries and the applications of therapeutics. In this review, we first discuss the feasibility and potential of using scRNA-seq in clinical diagnostics for FECD, highlight advances from the latest clinical treatments and emerging therapies for FECD, integrate scRNA-seq results and clinical notes from our FECD patients and discuss the potential of applying alternative therapies to manage these cases clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gink N Yang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu B Y Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Development Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Philip Ke Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hothri Moka
- Mogrify Limited, 25 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Min K Sung
- Mogrify Limited, 25 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jesse Gardner-Russell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Layal El Wazan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget Toussaint
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Satheesh Kumar
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Machin
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Lions Eye Donation Service, Level 7, Smorgon Family Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraint J Parfitt
- Mogrify Limited, 25 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Davidson
- Department of Anatomy and Development Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Elaine W Chong
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karl D Brown
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Development Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mark Daniell
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7, Peter Howson Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Lions Eye Donation Service, Level 7, Smorgon Family Wing, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Choi Y, Jakob R, Ehret AE, von Bohemer L, Cesarovic N, Falk V, Emmert MY, Mazza E, Giampietro C. Stretch-induced damage in endothelial monolayers. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 163:213938. [PMID: 38959650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli, of which mechanical stretch has shown various beneficial or deleterious effects depending on whether loads are within physiological or pathological levels, respectively. Vascular properties change with age, and on a cell-scale, senescence elicits changes in endothelial cell mechanical properties that together can impair its response to stretch. Here, high-rate uniaxial stretch experiments were performed to quantify and compare the stretch-induced damage of monolayers consisting of young, senescent, and aged endothelial populations. The aged and senescent phenotypes were more fragile to stretch-induced damage. Prominent damage was detected by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy as intercellular and intracellular void formation. Damage increased proportionally to the applied level of deformation and, for the aged and senescent phenotype, induced significant detachment of cells at lower levels of stretch compared to the young counterpart. Based on the phenotypic difference in cell-substrate adhesion of senescent cells indicating more mature focal adhesions, a discrete network model of endothelial cells being stretched was developed. The model showed that the more affine deformation of senescent cells increased their intracellular energy, thus enhancing the tendency for cellular damage and impending detachment. Next to quantifying for the first-time critical levels of endothelial stretch, the present results indicate that young cells are more resilient to deformation and that the fragility of senescent cells may be associated with their stronger adhesion to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Choi
- ETH Zürich, Dep. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Jakob
- ETH Zürich, Dep. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander E Ehret
- ETH Zürich, Dep. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lisa von Bohemer
- University of Zurich, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- ETH Zürich, Dep. of Health Sciences and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland; Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- ETH Zürich, Dep. of Health Sciences and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland; Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- University of Zurich, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Schlieren, Switzerland; Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- ETH Zürich, Dep. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- ETH Zürich, Dep. of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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4
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Lin H, Gao D, Wang S, Wang Z, Guan H, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Inhibition of circ_0000231 suppresses oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating miR-590-5p/PDCD4 axis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH231696. [PMID: 37066904 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the emerging informative RNAs, involved in cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis (AS). Endothelial injury is the initial qualitative change of AS. Thus, the objective of this study was to confirm the dysregulation and mechanism of circ_0000231 in cell model of AS at early stage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS The expression of circ_0000231, miR-590-5p and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) was detected using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. Cell injury was measured with MTT, flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The interaction among circ_0000231, miR-590-5p and PDCD4 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down assays. RESULTS Stress ox-LDL decreased cell viability, and increased apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity in HUVECs in a dose- and time-dependent manner in concomitant with promotions of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, LC3-II/I and Beclin-1 levels. Besides, circ_0000231 and PDCD4 expressions were upregulated, and miR-590-5p was downregulated in ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs. Functionally, knockdown of circ_0000231 and overexpression of miR-590-5p could suppress ox-LDL-elicited above effects on apoptosis, autophagy and inflammatory response, accompanied with PDCD4 downregulation. Physically, miR-590-5p could directly interact with circ_0000231 and PDCD4. CONCLUSION Downregulation of circ_0000231 suppresses HUVECs from ox-LDL-induced injury partially through regulating miR-590-5p/PDCD4 axis via competing endogenous RNA mechanism, showing a novel potential target for the pathology and treatment of endothelial injury in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, China
| | - Da Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, China
| | - Haiwang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, China
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5
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Ray A, Hu KH, Kersten K, Courau T, Kuhn NF, Zaleta-Linares I, Samad B, Combes AJ, Krummel MF. Critical role of CD206+ macrophages in promoting a cDC1-NK-CD8 T cell anti-tumor immune axis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.560822. [PMID: 37961697 PMCID: PMC10635006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.560822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are frequently categorized as being 'M1' or 'M2' polarized, even as substantial data challenges this binary modeling of macrophage cell state. One molecule consistently referenced as a delineator of a putative immunosuppressive 'M2' state is the surface protein CD206. We thus made a novel conditional CD206 (Mrc1) knock-in mouse to specifically visualize and/or deplete CD206+ 'M2-like' TAMs and assess their correspondence with pro-tumoral immunity. Early, but not late depletion of CD206+ macrophages and monocytes (here, 'Mono/Macs') led to an indirect loss of a key anti-tumor network of NK cells, conventional type I dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8 T cells. Among myeloid cells, we found that the CD206+ TAMs are the primary producers of CXCL9, and able to differentially attract activated CD8 T cells. In contrast, a population of stress-responsive TAMs ("Hypoxic" or Spp1+) and immature monocytes, which lack CD206 expression and become prominent following early depletion, expressed markedly diminished levels of CXCL9. Those NK and CD8 T cells which enter CD206-depleted tumors express vastly reduced levels of the corresponding receptor Cxcr3, the cDC1-attracting chemokine Xcl1 and cDC1 growth factor Flt3l transcripts. Consistent with the loss of this critical network, early CD206+ TAM depletion decreased tumor control by antigen specific CD8 T cells in mice. Likewise, in humans, the CD206Replete, but not the CD206Depleted Mono/Mac gene signature correlated robustly with CD8 T cell, NK cell and stimulatory cDC1 gene signatures and transcriptomic signatures skewed towards CD206Replete Mono/Macs associated with better survival. Together, these findings negate the unqualified classification of CD206+ 'M2-like' macrophages as immunosuppressive by illuminating contexts for their role in organizing a critical tumor-reactive archetype of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Ray
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kelly Kersten
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tristan Courau
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas F. Kuhn
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Itzia Zaleta-Linares
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bushra Samad
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexis J. Combes
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew F. Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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6
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Adu-Gyamfi M, Goettsch C, Kamhieh-Milz J, Chen L, Pfefferkorn AM, Hofmann A, Brunssen C, Müller G, Walther T, Ashraf MI, Morawietz H, Witowski J, Catar R. The Role of NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in the Induction of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 by Angiotensin II. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:500. [PMID: 38671948 PMCID: PMC11047448 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 is a key regulator of vascular tone and blood pressure in health and disease. We have recently found that ET-1 production in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) can be promoted by angiotensin II (Ang II) through a novel mechanism involving octamer-binding transcription factor-1 (Oct-1), NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), and superoxide anions. As the formation of bioactive ET-1 also depends on endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the ECE1 gene. We found that exposure of HMECs to Ang II resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent increase in ECE1 mRNA expression. Pharmacological inhibition of ECE-1 reduced Ang II-stimulated ET-1 release to baseline values. The effect of Ang II on ECE1 mRNA expression was associated with Oct-1 binding to the ECE1 promoter, resulting in its increased activity. Consequently, the Ang II-stimulated increase in ECE1 mRNA expression could be prevented by siRNA-mediated Oct-1 inhibition. It could also be abolished by silencing the NOX2 gene and neutralizing superoxide anions with superoxide dismutase. In mice fed a high-fat diet, cardiac expression of Ece1 mRNA increased in wild-type mice but not in Nox2-deficient animals. It can be concluded that Ang II engages Oct-1, NOX2, and superoxide anions to stimulate ECE1 expression in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-G.); (L.C.)
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.G.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-G.); (L.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Anna Maria Pfefferkorn
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (A.M.P.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.G.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.G.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Gregor Müller
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.G.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Thomas Walther
- Medical School Berlin (MSB), 14197 Berlin, Germany;
- Xitra Therapeutics GmbH, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Ashraf
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (A.M.P.); (M.I.A.)
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.G.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (G.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-G.); (L.C.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Lemmens TP, Bröker V, Rijpkema M, Hughes CCW, Schurgers LJ, Cosemans JMEM. Fundamental considerations for designing endothelialized in vitro models of thrombosis. Thromb Res 2024; 236:179-190. [PMID: 38460307 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Endothelialized in vitro models for cardiovascular disease have contributed greatly to our current understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying thrombosis. To further elucidate these mechanisms, it is important to consider which fundamental aspects to incorporate into an in vitro model. In this review, we will focus on the design of in vitro endothelialized models of thrombosis. Expanding our understanding of the relation and interplay between the different pathways involved will rely in part on complex models that incorporate endothelial cells, blood, the extracellular matrix, and flow. Importantly, the use of tissue-specific endothelial cells will help in understanding the heterogeneity in thrombotic responses between different vascular beds. The dynamic and complex responses of endothelial cells to different shear rates underlines the importance of incorporating appropriate shear in in vitro models. Alterations in vascular extracellular matrix composition, availability of bioactive molecules, and gradients in concentration and composition of these molecules can all regulate the function of both endothelial cells and perivascular cells. Factors modulating these elements in in vitro models should therefore be considered carefully depending on the research question at hand. As the complexity of in vitro models increases, so can the variability. A bottom-up approach to designing such models will remain an important tool for researchers studying thrombosis. As new techniques are continuously being developed and new pathways are brought to light, research question-dependent considerations will have to be made regarding what aspects of thrombosis to include in in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus P Lemmens
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Bröker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Minke Rijpkema
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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8
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Lin A, Ramaswamy Y, Misra A. Developmental heterogeneity of vascular cells: Insights into cellular plasticity in atherosclerosis? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:3-15. [PMID: 37316416 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages display remarkable heterogeneity within the healthy vasculature and under pathological conditions. During development, these cells arise from numerous embryological origins, which confound with different microenvironments to generate postnatal vascular cell diversity. In the atherosclerotic plaque milieu, all these cell types exhibit astonishing plasticity, generating a variety of plaque burdening or plaque stabilizing phenotypes. And yet how developmental origin influences intraplaque cell plasticity remains largely unexplored despite evidence suggesting this may be the case. Uncovering the diversity and plasticity of vascular cells is being revolutionized by unbiased single cell whole transcriptome analysis techniques that will likely continue to pave the way for therapeutic research. Cellular plasticity is only just emerging as a target for future therapeutics, and uncovering how intraplaque plasticity differs across vascular beds may provide key insights into why different plaques behave differently and may confer different risks of subsequent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Frimat M, Gnemmi V, Stichelbout M, Provôt F, Fakhouri F. Pregnancy as a susceptible state for thrombotic microangiopathies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1343060. [PMID: 38476448 PMCID: PMC10927739 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1343060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent phases of heightened vulnerability to thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs), as evidenced by distinct patterns of pregnancy-specific TMAs (e.g., preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome), as well as a higher incidence of nonspecific TMAs, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome, during pregnancy. Significant strides have been taken in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these disorders in the past 40 years. This progress has involved the identification of pivotal factors contributing to TMAs, such as the complement system, ADAMTS13, and the soluble VEGF receptor Flt1. Regardless of the specific causal factor (which is not generally unique in relation to the usual multifactorial origin of TMAs), the endothelial cell stands as a central player in the pathophysiology of TMAs. Pregnancy has a major impact on the physiology of the endothelium. Besides to the development of placenta and its vascular consequences, pregnancy modifies the characteristics of the women's microvascular endothelium and tends to render it more prone to thrombosis. This review aims to delineate the distinct features of pregnancy-related TMAs and explore the contributing mechanisms that lead to this increased susceptibility, particularly influenced by the "gravid endothelium." Furthermore, we will discuss the potential contribution of histopathological studies in facilitating the etiological diagnosis of pregnancy-related TMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Frimat
- CHU Lille, Nephrology Department, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - François Provôt
- CHU Lille, Nephrology Department, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fadi Fakhouri
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, CHUV and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Oliveira RHDM, Annex BH, Popel AS. Endothelial cells signaling and patterning under hypoxia: a mechanistic integrative computational model including the Notch-Dll4 pathway. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1351753. [PMID: 38455844 PMCID: PMC10917925 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1351753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several signaling pathways are activated during hypoxia to promote angiogenesis, leading to endothelial cell patterning, interaction, and downstream signaling. Understanding the mechanistic signaling differences between endothelial cells under normoxia and hypoxia and their response to different stimuli can guide therapies to modulate angiogenesis. We present a novel mechanistic model of interacting endothelial cells, including the main pathways involved in angiogenesis. Methods: We calibrate and fit the model parameters based on well-established modeling techniques that include structural and practical parameter identifiability, uncertainty quantification, and global sensitivity. Results: Our results indicate that the main pathways involved in patterning tip and stalk endothelial cells under hypoxia differ, and the time under hypoxia interferes with how different stimuli affect patterning. Additionally, our simulations indicate that Notch signaling might regulate vascular permeability and establish different Nitric Oxide release patterns for tip/stalk cells. Following simulations with various stimuli, our model suggests that factors such as time under hypoxia and oxygen availability must be considered for EC pattern control. Discussion: This project provides insights into the signaling and patterning of endothelial cells under various oxygen levels and stimulation by VEGFA and is our first integrative approach toward achieving EC control as a method for improving angiogenesis. Overall, our model provides a computational framework that can be built on to test angiogenesis-related therapies by modulation of different pathways, such as the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Antonyshyn JA, MacQuarrie KD, McFadden MJ, Gramolini AO, Hofer SOP, Santerre JP. Paracrine cross-talk between human adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells and perivascular cells accelerates the endothelialization of an electrospun ionomeric polyurethane scaffold. Acta Biomater 2024; 175:214-225. [PMID: 38158104 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The ex vivo endothelialization of small diameter vascular prostheses can prolong their patency. Here, we demonstrate that heterotypic interactions between human adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells and perivascular cells can be exploited to accelerate the endothelialization of an electrospun ionomeric polyurethane scaffold. The scaffold was used to physically separate endothelial cells from perivascular cells to prevent their diffuse neo-intimal hyperplasia and spontaneous tubulogenesis, yet enable their paracrine cross-talk to accelerate the integration of the endothelial cells into a temporally stable endothelial lining of a continuous, elongated, and aligned morphology. Perivascular cells stimulated endothelial basement membrane protein production and suppressed their angiogenic and inflammatory activation to accelerate this biomimetic morphogenesis of the endothelium. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and underscore the value of exploiting heterotypic interactions between endothelial cells and perivascular cells for the fabrication of an endothelial lining intended for small diameter arterial reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Adipose tissue is an abundant, accessible, and uniquely dispensable source of endothelial cells and perivascular cells for vascular tissue engineering. While their spontaneous self-assembly into microvascular networks is routinely exploited for the vascularization of engineered tissues, it threatens the temporal stability of an endothelial lining intended for small diameter arterial reconstruction. Here, we demonstrate that an electrospun polyurethane scaffold can be used to physically separate endothelial cells from perivascular cells to prevent their spontaneous capillary morphogenesis, yet enable their cross-talk to promote the formation of a stable endothelium. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of engineering an endothelial lining from human adipose tissue, poising it for the rapid ex vivo endothelialization of small diameter vascular prostheses in an autologous, patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Antonyshyn
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kate D MacQuarrie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meghan J McFadden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefan O P Hofer
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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12
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Friedrich N, Németh K, Tanner M, Rosta J, Dobos I, Oszlács O, Jancsó G, Messlinger K, Dux M. Anti-CGRP antibody galcanezumab modifies the function of the trigeminovascular nocisensor complex in the rat. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:9. [PMID: 38243174 PMCID: PMC10799508 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies directed against the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are effective in the prevention of chronic and frequent episodic migraine. Since the antibodies do not cross the blood brain barrier, their antinociceptive effect is attributed to effects in meningeal tissues. We aimed to probe if such an antibody can be visualized within the dura mater and the trigeminal ganglia following its administration to rats and to examine if the activity of the trigeminovascular nocisensor complex is influenced by this treatment. METHODS Effects of the anti-CGRP antibody galcanezumab on the trigeminovascular nocisensor complex was examined by measuring release of sensory neuropeptides and histamine from the rat dura mater. Deposits of galcanezumab were visualized by fluorescence microscopy in the trigeminal ganglion and the dura mater. RESULTS Fluorophore-labelled galcanezumab was detected in the dura mater and the trigeminal ganglion up to 30 days after treatment affirming the long-lasting modulatory effect of this antibody. In female rats, seven days after systemic treatment with galcanezumab the capsaicin-induced release of CGRP was decreased, while that of substance P (SP) was increased in the dura mater. In control rats, release of the inhibitory neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) was higher in females than in males. Stimulation with high concentration of KCl did not significantly change the release of SOM in control animals, while in rats treated with galcanezumab SOM release was slightly reduced. Galcanezumab treatment also reduced the amount of histamine released from dural mast cells upon stimulation with CGRP, while the effect of compound 48/80 on histamine release was not changed. CONCLUSIONS Galcanezumab treatment is followed by multiple changes in the release of neuropeptides and histamine in the trigeminal nocisensor complex, which may contribute to the migraine preventing effect of anti-CGRP antibodies. These changes affecting the communication between the components of the trigeminal nocisensor complex may reduce pain susceptibility in migraine patients treated with CGRP targeting monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Friedrich
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Tanner
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Rosta
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Dobos
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Oszlács
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91054, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mária Dux
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 10, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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13
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Zhu QM, Hsu YHH, Lassen FH, MacDonald BT, Stead S, Malolepsza E, Kim A, Li T, Mizoguchi T, Schenone M, Guzman G, Tanenbaum B, Fornelos N, Carr SA, Gupta RM, Ellinor PT, Lage K. Protein interaction networks in the vasculature prioritize genes and pathways underlying coronary artery disease. Commun Biol 2024; 7:87. [PMID: 38216744 PMCID: PMC10786878 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Population-based association studies have identified many genetic risk loci for coronary artery disease (CAD), but it is often unclear how genes within these loci are linked to CAD. Here, we perform interaction proteomics for 11 CAD-risk genes to map their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in human vascular cells and elucidate their roles in CAD. The resulting PPI networks contain interactions that are outside of known biology in the vasculature and are enriched for genes involved in immunity-related and arterial-wall-specific mechanisms. Several PPI networks derived from smooth muscle cells are significantly enriched for genetic variants associated with CAD and related vascular phenotypes. Furthermore, the networks identify 61 genes that are found in genetic loci associated with risk of CAD, prioritizing them as the causal candidates within these loci. These findings indicate that the PPI networks we have generated are a rich resource for guiding future research into the molecular pathogenesis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Martin Zhu
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative & Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Han H Hsu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frederik H Lassen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bryan T MacDonald
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative & Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Stead
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative & Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edyta Malolepsza
- Genomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - April Kim
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taibo Li
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taiji Mizoguchi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative & Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Schenone
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gaelen Guzman
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Tanenbaum
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nadine Fornelos
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative & Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kasper Lage
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
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14
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Diallo LH, Mariette J, Laugero N, Touriol C, Morfoisse F, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini B, Lacazette E. Specific Circular RNA Signature of Endothelial Cells: Potential Implications in Vascular Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:680. [PMID: 38203852 PMCID: PMC10779679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently characterized family of gene transcripts forming a covalently closed loop of single-stranded RNA. The extent of their potential for fine-tuning gene expression is still being discovered. Several studies have implicated certain circular RNAs in pathophysiological processes within vascular endothelial cells and cancer cells independently. However, to date, no comparative study of circular RNA expression in different types of endothelial cells has been performed and analysed through the lens of their central role in vascular physiology and pathology. In this work, we analysed publicly available and original RNA sequencing datasets from arterial, veinous, and lymphatic endothelial cells to identify common and distinct circRNA expression profiles. We identified 4713 distinct circRNAs in the compared endothelial cell types, 95% of which originated from exons. Interestingly, the results show that the expression profile of circular RNAs is much more specific to each cell type than linear RNAs, and therefore appears to be more suitable for distinguishing between them. As a result, we have discovered a specific circRNA signature for each given endothelial cell type. Furthermore, we identified a specific endothelial cell circRNA signature that is composed four circRNAs: circCARD6, circPLXNA2, circCASC15 and circEPHB4. These circular RNAs are produced by genes that are related to endothelial cell migration pathways and cancer progression. More detailed studies of their functions could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in physiological and pathological (lymph)angiogenesis and might open new ways to tackle tumour spread through the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Halidou Diallo
- U1297-I2MC, INSERM, University of Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; (L.H.D.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (A.-C.P.); (B.G.-S.)
| | - Jérôme Mariette
- MIAT, University of Toulouse, INRAE, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Nathalie Laugero
- U1297-I2MC, INSERM, University of Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; (L.H.D.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (A.-C.P.); (B.G.-S.)
| | - Christian Touriol
- UMR1037 INSERM, University of Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France;
| | - Florent Morfoisse
- U1297-I2MC, INSERM, University of Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; (L.H.D.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (A.-C.P.); (B.G.-S.)
| | - Anne-Catherine Prats
- U1297-I2MC, INSERM, University of Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; (L.H.D.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (A.-C.P.); (B.G.-S.)
| | - Barbara Garmy-Susini
- U1297-I2MC, INSERM, University of Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; (L.H.D.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (A.-C.P.); (B.G.-S.)
| | - Eric Lacazette
- U1297-I2MC, INSERM, University of Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; (L.H.D.); (N.L.); (F.M.); (A.-C.P.); (B.G.-S.)
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15
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Davidson CD, Midekssa FS, DePalma SJ, Kamen JL, Wang WY, Jayco DKP, Wieger ME, Baker BM. Mechanical Intercellular Communication via Matrix-Borne Cell Force Transmission During Vascular Network Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306210. [PMID: 37997199 PMCID: PMC10797481 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is critical to the formation and homeostatic function of all tissues. Previous work has shown that cells can communicate mechanically via the transmission of cell-generated forces through their surrounding extracellular matrix, but this process is not well understood. Here, mechanically defined, synthetic electrospun fibrous matrices are utilized in conjunction with a microfabrication-based cell patterning approach to examine mechanical intercellular communication (MIC) between endothelial cells (ECs) during their assembly into interconnected multicellular networks. It is found that cell force-mediated matrix displacements in deformable fibrous matrices underly directional extension and migration of neighboring ECs toward each other prior to the formation of stable cell-cell connections enriched with vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). A critical role is also identified for calcium signaling mediated by focal adhesion kinase and mechanosensitive ion channels in MIC that extends to multicellular assembly of 3D vessel-like networks when ECs are embedded within fibrin hydrogels. These results illustrate a role for cell-generated forces and ECM mechanical properties in multicellular assembly of capillary-like EC networks and motivates the design of biomaterials that promote MIC for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firaol S. Midekssa
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Samuel J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Jordan L. Kamen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - William Y. Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | | | - Megan E. Wieger
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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16
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Dubourg V, Schwerdt G, Schreier B, Kopf M, Mildenberger S, Benndorf RA, Gekle M. EGFR activation differentially affects the inflammatory profiles of female human aortic and coronary artery endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22827. [PMID: 38129563 PMCID: PMC10739936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are key players in vascular function, homeostasis and inflammation. EC show substantial heterogeneity due to inter-individual variability (e.g. sex-differences) and intra-individual differences as they originate from different organs or vessels. This variability may lead to different responsiveness to external stimuli. Here we compared the responsiveness of female human primary EC from the aorta (HAoEC) and coronary arteries (HCAEC) to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activation. EGFR is an important signal integration hub for vascular active substances with physiological and pathophysiological relevance. Our transcriptomic analysis suggested that EGFR activation differentially affects the inflammatory profiles of HAoEC and HCAEC, particularly by inducing a HCAEC-driven leukocyte attraction but a downregulation of adhesion molecule and chemoattractant expression in HAoEC. Experimental assessments of selected inflammation markers were performed to validate these predictions and the results confirmed a dual role of EGFR in these cells: its activation initiated an anti-inflammatory response in HAoEC but a pro-inflammatory one in HCAEC. Our study highlights that, although they are both arterial EC, female HAoEC and HCAEC are distinguishable with regard to the role of EGFR and its involvement in inflammation regulation, what may be relevant for vascular maintenance but also the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dubourg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany.
| | - Gerald Schwerdt
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Schreier
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Kopf
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Sigrid Mildenberger
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06112, Halle, Germany
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17
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Madonna R. Endothelial heterogeneity and their relevance in cardiac development and coronary artery disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107242. [PMID: 37940065 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and macrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) are characterized by structural and functional heterogeneity, which is also reflected in their secretory activity. The root of this heterogeneity and related regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood. During embryogenesis, microvascular ECs participate in organogenesis prior to the development of the fetal circulation, suggesting that ECs are capable of releasing paracrine trophogens, termed angiocrine factors (AFs). These are angiocrine growth factors, adhesion molecules, and chemokines, which are intended to promote morphogenesis and repair of the adjacent parenchyma/stroma where the vessels are located. There is a tissue and organ-specificity of AFs that traces the heterogeneity of ECs. This AF heterogeneity also traces how ECs respond to pathological conditions or exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The study of the mechanisms that regulate endothelial and paracrine heterogeneity and that contribute to endotheliopathy represents a broad and as yet understudied area of research. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this heterogeneity, leading to endotheliopathy is an exciting challenge. In this brief review we will discuss experimental advances in the heterogeneity of ECs and their AF, with a focus on their involvement in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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18
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Moccia C, Cherubini M, Fortea M, Akinbote A, Padmanaban P, Beltran‐Sastre V, Haase K. Mammary Microvessels are Sensitive to Menstrual Cycle Sex Hormones. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302561. [PMID: 37897317 PMCID: PMC10724440 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a highly vascularized organ influenced by sex hormones including estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4). Beyond whole-organism studies in rodents or cell monocultures, hormonal effects on the breast microvasculature remain largely understudied. Recent methods to generate 3D microvessels on-chip have enabled direct observation of complex vascular processes; however, these models often use non-tissue-specific cell types, such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts from various sources. Here, novel mammary-specific microvessels are generated by coculturing primary breast endothelial cells and fibroblasts under optimized culture conditions. These microvessels are mechanosensitive (to interstitial flow) and require endothelial-stromal interactions to develop fully perfusable vessels. These mammary-specific microvessels are also responsive to exogenous stimulation by sex hormones. When treated with combined E2 and P4, corresponding to the four phases of the menstrual cycle (period, follicular, ovular, and luteal), vascular remodeling and barrier function are altered in a phase-dependent manner. The presence of high E2 (ovulation) promotes vascular growth and remodeling, corresponding to high depletion of proangiogenic factors, whereas high P4 concentrations (luteal) promote vascular regression. The effects of combined E2 and P4 hormones are not only dose-dependent but also tissue-specific, as are shown by similarly treating non-tissue-specific HUVEC microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Moccia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Marta Cherubini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Marina Fortea
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | - Akinola Akinbote
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
- Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Prasanna Padmanaban
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
| | | | - Kristina Haase
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, BarcelonaDr. Aiguader, 88Barcelona08003Spain
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19
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Wits M, Becher C, de Man F, Sanchez-Duffhues G, Goumans MJ. Sex-biased TGFβ signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2262-2277. [PMID: 37595264 PMCID: PMC10597641 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiovascular disorder leading to pulmonary hypertension and, often fatal, right heart failure. Sex differences in PAH are evident, which primarily presents with a female predominance and increased male severity. Disturbed signalling of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family and gene mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) are risk factors for PAH development, but how sex-specific cues affect the TGFβ family signalling in PAH remains poorly understood. In this review, we aim to explore the sex bias in PAH by examining sex differences in the TGFβ signalling family through mechanistical and translational evidence. Sex hormones including oestrogens, progestogens, and androgens, can determine the expression of receptors (including BMPR2), ligands, and soluble antagonists within the TGFβ family in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, sex-related genetic processes, i.e. Y-chromosome expression and X-chromosome inactivation, can influence the TGFβ signalling family at multiple levels. Given the clinical and mechanistical similarities, we expect that the conclusions arising from this review may apply also to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a rare vascular disorder affecting the TGFβ signalling family pathway. In summary, we anticipate that investigating the TGFβ signalling family in a sex-specific manner will contribute to further understand the underlying processes leading to PAH and likely HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Wits
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Clarissa Becher
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frances de Man
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) (Vrije Universiteit), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Terriaca S, Scioli MG, Pisano C, Ruvolo G, Ferlosio A, Orlandi A. miR-632 Induces DNAJB6 Inhibition Stimulating Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis in Marfan Syndrome Aortopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15133. [PMID: 37894814 PMCID: PMC10607153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder caused by FBN1 gene mutations leading to TGF-β signaling hyperactivation, vascular wall weakness, and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). The pathogenetic mechanisms are not completely understood and patients undergo early vascular surgery to prevent TAA ruptures. We previously reported miR-632 upregulation in MFS TAA tissues compared with non-genetic TAA tissues. DNAJB6 is a gene target of miR-632 in cancer and plays a critical role in blocking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting the Wnt/β catenin pathway. TGF-β signaling also activates Wnt/β catenin signaling and induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (End-Mt) and fibrosis. We documented that miR-632 upregulation correlated with DNAJB6 expression in both the endothelium and the tunica media of MFS TAA (p < 0.01). Wnt/β catenin signaling, End-Mt, and fibrosis markers were also upregulated in MFS TAA tissues (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). Moreover, miR-632 overexpression inhibited DNAJB6, inducing Wnt/β catenin signaling, as well as End-Mt and fibrosis exacerbation (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). TGF-β1 treatment also determined miR-632 upregulation (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), with the consequent activation of the aforementioned processes. Our study provides new insights about the pathogenetic mechanisms in MFS aortopathy. Moreover, the high disease specificity of miR-632 and DNAJB6 suggests new potential prognostic factors and/or therapeutic targets in the progression of MFS aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Terriaca
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Calogera Pisano
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.F.); (A.O.)
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21
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Bromet BA, Blackwell NP, Abokefa N, Freudenberger P, Blatt RL, Brow RK, Semon JA. The angiogenic potential of pH-neutral borophosphate bioactive glasses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1554-1564. [PMID: 37129409 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Borate bioactive glasses have gained attention in recent years due to their therapeutic and regenerative effects in vivo. However, borate bioactive glasses release alkaline ions, increasing the local pH and creating a toxic environment for cell culture studies. A partial compositional substitution of phosphate for borate can create a pH-neutral glass that does not significantly affect the local pH while still releasing therapeutic ions. In the present study, a series of Na-Ca-borophosphate bioactive glasses with different borate-to-phosphate ratios was evaluated in vitro and in vivo for cytotoxicity and angiogenic effects. Compared to more basic borate glasses, the pH-neutral glasses supported endothelial cell migration and stimulated greater blood vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane model. The results from this study indicate that these pH-neutral glasses are promising angiogenic biomaterials for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Bromet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Blackwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Nada Abokefa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Parker Freudenberger
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebekah L Blatt
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard K Brow
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
| | - Julie A Semon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
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22
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Michaeli JC, Albers S, de la Torre C, Schreiner Y, Faust S, Michaeli T, Michaeli DT, Liying A, Krämer BK, Stach K, Yard BA. Gene regulation for inflammation and inflammation resolution differs between umbilical arterial and venous endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16159. [PMID: 37758738 PMCID: PMC10533526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation affects the whole vasculature, yet whether arterial and venous endothelial cells differ in their abilities to mediate inflammation and to return to homeostasis after an inflammatory stimulus has not been addressed thoroughly. We assessed gene-expression profiles in isolated endothelial cells from human umbilical arteries (HUAEC) or veins (HUVEC) under basal conditions, after TNF-α stimulation and various time points after TNF-α removal to allow reinstatement of homeostasis. TNF-α regulates the expression of different sets of transcripts that are significantly changed only in HUAEC, only in HUVEC or changed in both. We identified three types of gene regulation, i.e. genes that were significantly regulated after 24 h of TNF-α stimulation but no longer when TNF-α was removed (homeostatic regulation), genes that maintained significantly regulated after TNF-α removal (not homeostatic regulation) and genes that were only significantly regulated when TNF-α was removed (post-regulation). HUAEC and HUVEC quantitatively differed in these types of gene regulation, with relatively more genes being post-regulated in HUAEC. In conclusion our data demonstrate that HUAEC and HUVEC respond intrinsically different to an inflammatory insult. Whether this holds true for all endothelial cells and its relevance for inflammatory insults in different organs during systemic inflammation warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Caroline Michaeli
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Albers
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sport Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiner
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sara Faust
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Michaeli
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute, the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Tobias Michaeli
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - An Liying
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ksenija Stach
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- European Center for Angioscience, Mannheim, Germany.
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23
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Le NT. Metabolic regulation of endothelial senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1232681. [PMID: 37649668 PMCID: PMC10464912 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1232681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) senescence is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of vascular dysfunction and age-related disorders and diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The regulation of cellular senescence is known to be influenced by cellular metabolism. While extensive research has been conducted on the metabolic regulation of senescence in other cells such as cancer cells and fibroblasts, our understanding of the metabolic regulation of EC senescence remains limited. The specific metabolic changes that drive EC senescence are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the intricate interplay between cellular metabolism and senescence, with a particular emphasis on recent advancements in understanding the metabolic changes preceding cellular senescence. I will summarize the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of EC senescence, aiming to offer insights into the underlying mechanisms and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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24
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Spanjersberg TCF, Oosterhoff LA, Kruitwagen HS, van den Dungen NAM, Vernooij JCM, Asselbergs FW, Mokry M, Spee B, Harakalova M, van Steenbeek FG. Locational memory of macrovessel vascular cells is transcriptionally imprinted. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13028. [PMID: 37563195 PMCID: PMC10415317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular pathologies show locational predisposition throughout the body; further insights into the transcriptomics basis of this vascular heterogeneity are needed. We analyzed transcriptomes from cultured endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells from nine adult canine macrovessels: the aorta, coronary artery, vena cava, portal vein, femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous vein, pulmonary vein, and pulmonary artery. We observed that organ-specific expression patterns persist in vitro, indicating that these genes are not regulated by blood flow or surrounding cell types but are likely fixed in the epigenetic memory. We further demonstrated the preserved location-specific expression of GATA4 protein in cultured cells and in the primary adult vessel. On a functional level, arterial and venous endothelial cells differed in vascular network morphology as the arterial networks maintained a higher complexity. Our findings prompt the rethinking of the extrapolation of results from single-origin endothelial cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C F Spanjersberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje A M van den Dungen
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C M Vernooij
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Welter L, Zheng S, Setayesh SM, Morikado M, Agrawal A, Nevarez R, Naghdloo A, Pore M, Higa N, Kolatkar A, Thiele JA, Sharma P, Moore HCF, Richer JK, Elias A, Pienta KJ, Zurita AJ, Gross ME, Shishido SN, Hicks J, Velasco CR, Kuhn P. Cell State and Cell Type: Deconvoluting Circulating Tumor Cell Populations in Liquid Biopsies by Multi-Omics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3949. [PMID: 37568766 PMCID: PMC10417732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bi-directional crosstalk between the tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been shown to increase the rate of tumor evolution and to play a key role in neoplastic progression, therapeutic resistance, and a patient's overall survival. Here, we set out to use a comprehensive liquid-biopsy analysis to study cancer and specific TME cells in circulation and their association with disease status. Cytokeratin+, CD45- circulating rare cells (CRCs) from nine breast and four prostate cancer patients were characterized through morphometrics, single-cell copy number analysis, and targeted multiplexed proteomics to delineate cancer cell lineage from other rare cells originating in the TME. We show that we can detect epithelial circulating tumor cells (EPI.CTC), CTCs undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT.CTC) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) using a universal rare event detection platform (HDSCA). Longitudinal analysis of an index patient finds that CTCs are present at the time of disease progression, while CECs are predominately present at the time of stable disease. In a small cohort of prostate and breast cancer patients, we find high inter-patient and temporal intra-patient variability in the expression of tissue specific markers such as ER, HER2, AR, PSA and PSMA and EpCAM. Our study stresses the importance of the multi-omic characterization of circulating rare cells in patients with breast and prostate carcinomas, specifically highlighting overlapping and cell type defining proteo-genomic characteristics of CTCs and CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Welter
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Serena Zheng
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Sonia Maryam Setayesh
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael Morikado
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Arushi Agrawal
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Rafael Nevarez
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Amin Naghdloo
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Milind Pore
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Nikki Higa
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Anand Kolatkar
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Jana-Aletta Thiele
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS 66205, USA;
| | - Halle C. F. Moore
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Jennifer K. Richer
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.K.R.); (A.E.)
| | - Anthony Elias
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.K.R.); (A.E.)
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The Cancer Ecology Center, Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Amado J. Zurita
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson, Houston, TX 77230, USA;
| | - Mitchell E. Gross
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stephanie N. Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - James Hicks
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Carmen Ruiz Velasco
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (L.W.); (S.Z.); (S.M.S.); (M.M.); (A.A.); (R.N.); (A.N.); (M.P.); (N.H.); (A.K.); (J.-A.T.); (S.N.S.); (C.R.V.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Qiu D, Xu K, Chung N, Robbins J, Luo R, Lawrence M, He A, Yu F, Alt A, Miller MM, Hangeland J, Feder JN, Seiffert D, Arey BJ. Identification and validation of G protein-coupled receptors modulating flow-dependent signaling pathways in vascular endothelial cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1198079. [PMID: 37363403 PMCID: PMC10285409 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1198079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells are exposed to mechanical forces due to their presence at the interface between the vessel wall and flowing blood. The patterns of these mechanical forces (laminar vs. turbulent) regulate endothelial cell function and play an important role in determining endothelial phenotype and ultimately cardiovascular health. One of the key transcriptional mediators of the positive effects of laminar flow patterns on endothelial cell phenotype is the zinc-finger transcription factor, krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). Given its importance in maintaining a healthy endothelium, we sought to identify endothelial regulators of the KLF2 transcriptional program as potential new therapeutic approaches to treating cardiovascular disease. Using an approach that utilized both bioinformatics and targeted gene knockdown, we identified endothelial GPCRs capable of modulating KLF2 expression. Genetic screening using siRNAs directed to these GPCRs identified 12 potential GPCR targets that could modulate the KLF2 program, including a subset capable of regulating flow-induced KLF2 expression in primary endothelial cells. Among these targets, we describe the ability of several GPCRs (GPR116, SSTR3, GPR101, LGR4) to affect KLF2 transcriptional activation. We also identify these targets as potential validated targets for the development of novel treatments targeting the endothelium. Finally, we highlight the initiation of drug discovery efforts for LGR4 and report the identification of the first known synthetic ligands to this receptor as a proof-of-concept for pathway-directed phenotypic screening to identify novel drug targets.
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Buzza MS, Pawar NR, Strong AA, Antalis TM. Intersection of Coagulation and Fibrinolysis by the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-Anchored Serine Protease Testisin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9306. [PMID: 37298257 PMCID: PMC10252689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemostasis is a delicate balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis that regulates the formation and removal of fibrin, respectively. Positive and negative feedback loops and crosstalk between coagulation and fibrinolytic serine proteases maintain the hemostatic balance to prevent both excessive bleeding and thrombosis. Here, we identify a novel role for the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored serine protease testisin in the regulation of pericellular hemostasis. Using in vitro cell-based fibrin generation assays, we found that the expression of catalytically active testisin on the cell surface accelerates thrombin-dependent fibrin polymerization, and intriguingly, that it subsequently promotes accelerated fibrinolysis. We find that the testisin-dependent fibrin formation is inhibited by rivaroxaban, a specific inhibitor of the central prothrombin-activating serine protease factor Xa (FXa), demonstrating that cell-surface testisin acts upstream of factor X (FX) to promote fibrin formation at the cell surface. Unexpectedly, testisin was also found to accelerate fibrinolysis by stimulating the plasmin-dependent degradation of fibrin and enhancing plasmin-dependent cell invasion through polymerized fibrin. Testisin was not a direct activator of plasminogen, but it is able to induce zymogen cleavage and the activation of pro-urokinase plasminogen activator (pro-uPA), which converts plasminogen to plasmin. These data identify a new proteolytic component that can regulate pericellular hemostatic cascades at the cell surface, which has implications for angiogenesis, cancer biology, and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite S. Buzza
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.R.P.); (A.A.S.); (T.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nisha R. Pawar
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.R.P.); (A.A.S.); (T.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Amando A. Strong
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.R.P.); (A.A.S.); (T.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Toni M. Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.R.P.); (A.A.S.); (T.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Research and Development Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Haydinger CD, Ashander LM, Tan ACR, Smith JR. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1: More than a Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050743. [PMID: 37237555 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily expressed on the surface of multiple cell populations and upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. It mediates cellular adhesive interactions by binding to the β2 integrins macrophage antigen 1 and leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, as well as other ligands. It has important roles in the immune system, including in leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, and at the immunological synapse formed between lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. ICAM-1 has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases from cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune disorders, certain infections, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and regulation of the ICAM1 gene and the ICAM-1 protein. We discuss the roles of ICAM-1 in the normal immune system and a selection of diseases to highlight the breadth and often double-edged nature of its functions. Finally, we discuss current therapeutics and opportunities for advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D Haydinger
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Liam M Ashander
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Alwin Chun Rong Tan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Justine R Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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Oliveira RHM, Annex BH, Popel AS. Endothelial cells signaling and patterning under hypoxia: a mechanistic integrative computational model including the Notch-Dll4 pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.539270. [PMID: 37205581 PMCID: PMC10187169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways are activated during hypoxia to promote angiogenesis, leading to endothelial cell patterning, interaction, and downstream signaling. Understanding the mechanistic signaling differences between normoxia and hypoxia can guide therapies to modulate angiogenesis. We present a novel mechanistic model of interacting endothelial cells, including the main pathways involved in angiogenesis. We calibrate and fit the model parameters based on well-established modeling techniques. Our results indicate that the main pathways involved in the patterning of tip and stalk endothelial cells under hypoxia differ, and the time under hypoxia affects how a reaction affects patterning. Interestingly, the interaction of receptors with Neuropilin1 is also relevant for cell patterning. Our simulations under different oxygen concentrations indicate time- and oxygen-availability-dependent responses for the two cells. Following simulations with various stimuli, our model suggests that factors such as period under hypoxia and oxygen availability must be considered for pattern control. This project provides insights into the signaling and patterning of endothelial cells under hypoxia, contributing to studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hannah M Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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Thakar M, Noumbissi ME, Stins MF. Microvascular Environment Influences Brain Microvascular Heterogeneity: Relative Roles of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes for the EPCR Expression in the Brain Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6908. [PMID: 37108071 PMCID: PMC10138692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmortem neuropathology shows clear regional differences in many brain diseases. For example, brains from cerebral malaria (CM) patients show more hemorrhagic punctae in the brain's white matter (WM) than grey matter (GM). The underlying reason for these differential pathologies is unknown. Here, we assessed the effect of the vascular microenvironment on brain endothelial phenotype, focusing endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). We demonstrate that the basal level of EPCR expression in cerebral microvessels is heterogeneous in the WM compared to the GM. We used in vitro brain endothelial cell cultures and showed that the upregulation of EPCR expression was associated with exposure to oligodendrocyte conditioned media (OCM) compared to astrocyte conditioned media (ACM). Our findings shed light on the origin of the heterogeneity of molecular phenotypes at the microvascular level and might help better understand the variation in pathology seen in CM and other neuropathologies associated with vasculature in various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjusha Thakar
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Midrelle E. Noumbissi
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Monique F. Stins
- Malaria Research Institute, Department Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute of Southern California, Oceanside, CA 92056, USA
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Anderson JR, Morin EE, Brayer KJ, Salbato S, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Kanagy NL, Naik JS. Single-cell transcriptomic heterogeneity between conduit and resistance mesenteric arteries in rats. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:179-193. [PMID: 36912534 PMCID: PMC10085562 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00126.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium contains morphologically similar cells throughout the vasculature, but individual cells along the length of a single vascular tree or in different regional circulations function dissimilarly. When observations made in large arteries are extrapolated to explain the function of endothelial cells (ECs) in the resistance vasculature, only a fraction of these observations are consistent between artery sizes. To what extent endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from different arteriolar segments of the same tissue differ phenotypically at the single-cell level remains unknown. Therefore, single-cell RNA-seq (10x Genomics) was performed using a 10X Genomics Chromium system. Cells were enzymatically digested from large (>300 µm) and small (<150 µm) mesenteric arteries from nine adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, pooled to create six samples (3 rats/sample, 3 samples/group). After normalized integration, the dataset was scaled before unsupervised cell clustering and cluster visualization using UMAP plots. Differential gene expression analysis allowed us to infer the biological identity of different clusters. Our analysis revealed 630 and 641 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between conduit and resistance arteries for ECs and VSMCs, respectively. Gene ontology analysis (GO-Biological Processes, GOBP) of scRNA-seq data discovered 562 and 270 pathways for ECs and VSMCs, respectively, that differed between large and small arteries. We identified eight and seven unique ECs and VSMCs subpopulations, respectively, with DEGs and pathways identified for each cluster. These results and this dataset allow the discovery and support of novel hypotheses needed to identify mechanisms that determine the phenotypic heterogeneity between conduit and resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Emily E Morin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kathryn J Brayer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Sophia Salbato
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Jay S Naik
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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Elhadad S, Redmond D, Tan A, Huang J, Rodriguez BL, Racine-Brzostek SE, Subrahmanian S, Ahamed J, Laurence J. Defibrotide mitigates endothelial cell injury induced by plasmas from patients with COVID-19 and related vasculopathies. Thromb Res 2023; 225:47-56. [PMID: 37001283 PMCID: PMC10033153 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives COVID-19 progression is characterized by systemic small vessel arterial and venous thrombosis. Microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) activation and injury, platelet activation, and histopathologic features characteristic of acute COVID-19 also describe certain thrombotic microangiopathies, including atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)-associated veno-occlusive disease (VOD). We explored the effect of clinically relevant doses of defibrotide, approved for HSCT-associated VOD, on MVEC activation/injury. Methods Human dermal MVEC were exposed to plasmas from patients with acute TMAs or acute COVID-19 in the presence and absence of defibrotide (5 μg/ml) and caspase 8, a marker of EC activation and apoptosis, was assessed. RNAseq was used to explore potential mechanisms of defibrotide activity. Results Defibrotide suppressed TMA plasma-induced caspase 8 activation in MVEC (mean 60.2 % inhibition for COVID-19; p = 0.0008). RNAseq identified six major cellular pathways associated with defibrotide's alteration of COVID-19-associated MVEC changes: TNF-α signaling; IL-17 signaling; extracellular matrix (ECM)-EC receptor and platelet receptor interactions; ECM formation; endothelin activity; and fibrosis. Communications across these pathways were revealed by STRING analyses. Forty transcripts showing the greatest changes induced by defibrotide in COVID-19 plasma/MVEC cultures included: claudin 14 and F11R (JAM), important in maintaining EC tight junctions; SOCS3 and TNFRSF18, involved in suppression of inflammation; RAMP3 and transgelin, which promote angiogenesis; and RGS5, which regulates caspase activation and apoptosis. Conclusion Our data, in the context of a recent clinical trial in severe COVID-19, suggest benefits to further exploration of defibrotide and these pathways in COVID-19 and related endotheliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Elhadad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute fort Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, United States of America
| | - Adrian Tan
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jenny Huang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Hartman Institute fort Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, United States of America
| | - Beatriz Lorenzo Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Sandeep Subrahmanian
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Jasimuddin Ahamed
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Laurence
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Becker LM, Chen SH, Rodor J, de Rooij LPMH, Baker AH, Carmeliet P. Deciphering endothelial heterogeneity in health and disease at single-cell resolution: progress and perspectives. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:6-27. [PMID: 35179567 PMCID: PMC10022871 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the inner lining of vascular beds in mammals and are crucial for homeostatic regulation of blood vessel physiology, but also play a key role in pathogenesis of many diseases, thereby representing realistic therapeutic targets. However, it has become evident that ECs are heterogeneous, encompassing several subtypes with distinct functions, which makes EC targeting and modulation in diseases challenging. The rise of the new single-cell era has led to an emergence of studies aimed at interrogating transcriptome diversity along the vascular tree, and has revolutionized our understanding of EC heterogeneity from both a physiological and pathophysiological context. Here, we discuss recent landmark studies aimed at teasing apart the heterogeneous nature of ECs. We cover driving (epi)genetic, transcriptomic, and metabolic forces underlying EC heterogeneity in health and disease, as well as current strategies used to combat disease-enriched EC phenotypes, and propose strategies to transcend largely descriptive heterogeneity towards prioritization and functional validation of therapeutically targetable drivers of EC diversity. Lastly, we provide an overview of the most recent advances and hurdles in single EC OMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew H Baker
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +32 16 32 62 47, E-mail: (P.C.); Tel: +44 (0)131 242 6774, E-mail: (A.H.B.)
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +32 16 32 62 47, E-mail: (P.C.); Tel: +44 (0)131 242 6774, E-mail: (A.H.B.)
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A Kaleidoscope of Keratin Gene Expression and the Mosaic of Its Regulatory Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065603. [PMID: 36982676 PMCID: PMC10052683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are a family of intermediate filament-forming proteins highly specific to epithelial cells. A combination of expressed keratin genes is a defining property of the epithelium belonging to a certain type, organ/tissue, cell differentiation potential, and at normal or pathological conditions. In a variety of processes such as differentiation and maturation, as well as during acute or chronic injury and malignant transformation, keratin expression undergoes switching: an initial keratin profile changes accordingly to changed cell functions and location within a tissue as well as other parameters of cellular phenotype and physiology. Tight control of keratin expression implies the presence of complex regulatory landscapes within the keratin gene loci. Here, we highlight patterns of keratin expression in different biological conditions and summarize disparate data on mechanisms controlling keratin expression at the level of genomic regulatory elements, transcription factors (TFs), and chromatin spatial structure.
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35
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Man HSJ, Subramaniam N, Downs T, Sukumar AN, Saha AD, Nair R, Chen L, Teitelbaum D, Turgeon PJ, Ku KH, Tran E, de Perrot M, Marsden PA. Long noncoding RNA GATA2-AS1 augments endothelial Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-α induction and regulates hypoxic signaling. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103029. [PMID: 36806681 PMCID: PMC10148162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells form the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and have myriad physiologic functions including angiogenesis and response to hypoxia. We recently identified a set of endothelial cell (EC)-enriched long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in differentiated human primary cell types and described the role of the STEEL lncRNA in angiogenic patterning. We sought to further understand the role of EC-enriched lncRNAs in physiologic adaptation of the vascular endothelium. In this work, we describe an abundant, cytoplasmic, and EC-enriched lncRNA, GATA2-AS1, that is divergently transcribed from the EC-enriched developmental regulator, GATA2. While GATA2-AS1 is largely co-expressed with GATA2 in ECs, GATA2-AS1 and GATA2 appear to be complementary rather than synergistic as they have mostly distinct target genes. Common single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in GATA2-AS1 exons are associated with early onset coronary artery disease (CAD) and decreased expression of GATA2-AS1 in endothelial cell lines. In most cells, HIF1-α is central to the transcriptional response to hypoxia, while in ECs, both HIF1-α and HIF2-α are required to coordinate an acute and chronic response respectively. In this setting, GATA2-AS1 contributes to the "HIF switch" and augments HIF1-α induction in acute hypoxia to regulate HIF1-α/ HIF2-α balance. In hypoxia, GATA2-AS1 orchestrates HIF1-α-dependent induction of the glycolytic pathway, and HIF1-α-independent maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis. Similarly, GATA2-AS1 coordinates both metabolism and "tip/stalk" cell signaling to regulate angiogenesis in hypoxic ECs. Furthermore, we find that GATA2-AS1 expression patterns are perturbed in atherosclerotic disease. Together, these results define a role for GATA2-AS1 in the EC-specific response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Jeffrey Man
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Respirology, University Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noeline Subramaniam
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiana Downs
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aravin N Sukumar
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aninda D Saha
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranju Nair
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy Chen
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Teitelbaum
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J Turgeon
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyung Ha Ku
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eileen Tran
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip A Marsden
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Ribatti D, Ligresti G, Nicosia RF. Kidney endothelial cell heterogeneity, angiocrine activity and paracrine regulatory mechanisms. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 148:107139. [PMID: 36539108 PMCID: PMC10828957 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blood microvascular endothelium consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with regionally distinct morphologies and transcriptional signatures in different tissues and organs. In addition to providing an anti-thrombogenic surface for blood flow, endothelial cells perform a multitude of additional regulatory tasks involving organogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, repair and organ homeostasis. To communicate with surrounding cells and accomplish their many functions, endothelial cells secrete angiocrine factors including growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, extracellular matrix components, and proteolytic enzymes. Nonendothelial parenchymal and stromal cells in turn regulate endothelial growth, differentiation and survival during embryonal development and in the adult by paracrine mechanisms. Driven by advances in molecular biology, animal genetics, single cell transcriptomics and microscopic imaging, knowledge of organotypic vasculatures has expanded rapidly in recent years. The kidney vasculature, in particular, has been the focus of intensive investigation and represents a primary example of how endothelial heterogeneity and crosstalk with nonendothelial cells contribute to the development and function of a vital organ. In this paper, we review the morphology, function, and development of the kidney vasculature, with an emphasis on blood microvascular endothelial heterogeneity, and provide examples of endothelial and nonendothelial-derived factors that are critically involved in kidney development, growth, response to injury, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso (SMBNOS), Universita' degli Studi Aldo Moro, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, - Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box 356100, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
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37
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RNF213 Loss-of-Function Promotes Angiogenesis of Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cells in a Cellular State Dependent Manner. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010078. [PMID: 36611871 PMCID: PMC9818782 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced and aberrant angiogenesis is one of the main features of Moyamoya disease (MMD) pathogenesis. The ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) and the variant p.R4810K have been linked with higher risks of MMD and intracranial arterial occlusion development in east Asian populations. The role of RNF213 in diverse aspects of the angiogenic process, such as proliferation, migration and capillary-like formation, is well-known but has been difficult to model in vitro. To evaluate the effect of the RNF213 MMD-associated gene on the angiogenic activity, we have generated RNF213 knockout in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3-RNF213-/-) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Matrigel-based assay and a tri-dimensional (3D) vascularized model using the self-assembly approach of tissue engineering were used to assess the formation of capillary-like structures. Quite interestingly, this innovative in vitro model of MMD recapitulated, for the first time, disease-associated pathophysiological features such as significant increase in angiogenesis in confluent endothelial cells devoid of RNF213 expression. These cells, grown to confluence, also showed a pro-angiogenic signature, i.e., increased secretion of soluble pro-angiogenic factors, that could be eventually used as biomarkers. Interestingly, we demonstrated that that these MMD-associated phenotypes are dependent of the cellular state, as only noted in confluent cells and not in proliferative RNF213-deficient cells.
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Bax M, Romanov V, Junday K, Giannoulatou E, Martinac B, Kovacic JC, Liu R, Iismaa SE, Graham RM. Arterial dissections: Common features and new perspectives. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1055862. [PMID: 36561772 PMCID: PMC9763901 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1055862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial dissections, which involve an abrupt tear in the wall of a major artery resulting in the intramural accumulation of blood, are a family of catastrophic disorders causing major, potentially fatal sequelae. Involving diverse vascular beds, including the aorta or coronary, cervical, pulmonary, and visceral arteries, each type of dissection is devastating in its own way. Traditionally they have been studied in isolation, rather than collectively, owing largely to the distinct clinical consequences of dissections in different anatomical locations - such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and renal failure. Here, we review the shared and unique features of these arteriopathies to provide a better understanding of this family of disorders. Arterial dissections occur commonly in the young to middle-aged, and often in conjunction with hypertension and/or migraine; the latter suggesting they are part of a generalized vasculopathy. Genetic studies as well as cellular and molecular investigations of arterial dissections reveal striking similarities between dissection types, particularly their pathophysiology, which includes the presence or absence of an intimal tear and vasa vasorum dysfunction as a cause of intramural hemorrhage. Pathway perturbations common to all types of dissections include disruption of TGF-β signaling, the extracellular matrix, the cytoskeleton or metabolism, as evidenced by the finding of mutations in critical genes regulating these processes, including LRP1, collagen genes, fibrillin and TGF-β receptors, or their coupled pathways. Perturbances in these connected signaling pathways contribute to phenotype switching in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of the affected artery, in which their physiological quiescent state is lost and replaced by a proliferative activated phenotype. Of interest, dissections in various anatomical locations are associated with distinct sex and age predilections, suggesting involvement of gene and environment interactions in disease pathogenesis. Importantly, these cellular mechanisms are potentially therapeutically targetable. Consideration of arterial dissections as a collective pathology allows insight from the better characterized dissection types, such as that involving the thoracic aorta, to be leveraged to inform the less common forms of dissections, including the potential to apply known therapeutic interventions already clinically available for the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bax
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentin Romanov
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Keerat Junday
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason C. Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Renjing Liu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Siiri E. Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M. Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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McCloskey MC, Zhang VZ, Ahmad SD, Walker S, Romanick SS, Awad HA, McGrath JL. Sourcing cells for in vitro models of human vascular barriers of inflammation. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:979768. [PMID: 36483299 PMCID: PMC9724237 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.979768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system plays a critical role in the progression and resolution of inflammation. The contributions of the vascular endothelium to these processes, however, vary with tissue and disease state. Recently, tissue chip models have emerged as promising tools to understand human disease and for the development of personalized medicine approaches. Inclusion of a vascular component within these platforms is critical for properly evaluating most diseases, but many models to date use "generic" endothelial cells, which can preclude the identification of biomedically meaningful pathways and mechanisms. As the knowledge of vascular heterogeneity and immune cell trafficking throughout the body advances, tissue chip models should also advance to incorporate tissue-specific cells where possible. Here, we discuss the known heterogeneity of leukocyte trafficking in vascular beds of some commonly modeled tissues. We comment on the availability of different tissue-specific cell sources for endothelial cells and pericytes, with a focus on stem cell sources for the full realization of personalized medicine. We discuss sources available for the immune cells needed to model inflammatory processes and the findings of tissue chip models that have used the cells to studying transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Victor Z. Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - S. Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Samuel Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Samantha S. Romanick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Hani A. Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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Kozlova AA, Ragavan VN, Jarzebska N, Lukianova IV, Bikmurzina AE, Rubets E, Suzuki-Yamamoto T, Kimoto M, Mangoni AA, Gainetdinov RR, Weiss N, Bauer M, Markov AG, Rodionov RN, Bernhardt N. Divergent Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Isoenzyme Expression in the Central Nervous System. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2273-2288. [PMID: 34014421 PMCID: PMC9418281 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous methylated derivative of ʟ-arginine, Nω,Nω'-dimethyl-ʟ-arginine (asymmetric dimethylarginine, ADMA), an independent risk factor in many diseases, inhibits the activity of nitric oxide synthases and, consequently, modulates the availability of nitric oxide. While most studies on the biological role of ADMA have focused on endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases modulation and its contribution to cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal diseases, a role in regulating neuronal nitric oxide synthases and pathologies of the central nervous system is less understood. The two isoforms of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), DDAH1 and DDAH2, are thought to be the main enzymes responsible for ADMA catabolism. A current impediment is limited knowledge on specific tissue and cellular distribution of DDAH enzymes within the brain. In this study, we provide a detailed characterization of the regional and cellular distribution of DDAH1 and DDAH2 proteins in the adult murine and human brain. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a wide distribution of DDAH1, mapping to multiple cell types, while DDAH2 was detected in a limited number of brain regions and exclusively in neurons. Our results provide key information for the investigation of the pathophysiological roles of the ADMA/DDAH system in neuropsychiatric diseases and pave the way for the development of novel selective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Kozlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint-Petersburg University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vinitha N Ragavan
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Cart Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iana V Lukianova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anastasia E Bikmurzina
- Department of General Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Rubets
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of General Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masumi Kimoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint-Petersburg University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Norbert Weiss
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Endothelial Cell Infection by Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus Is a Lytic or Persistent Infection Depending on Tissue Origin but Requires Viral Pentamer Complex and pp65 Tegument Protein. J Virol 2022; 96:e0083122. [PMID: 36000848 PMCID: PMC9472625 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00831-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The guinea pig is the only small animal model for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) but requires species-specific guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV). Infection of epithelial cells and trophoblasts by GPCMV requires the viral glycoprotein pentamer complex (PC) and endocytic entry because of the absence of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Endothelial cells represent an important cell type for infection, dissemination in the host, and disease but have been poorly evaluated for GPCMV. Novel endothelial cell lines were established from animal vascular systems, including aorta (EndoC) and placental umbilical cord vein (GPUVEC). Cell lines were characterized for endothelial cell protein markers (PECAM1, vWF, and FLI1) and evaluated for GPCMV infection. Only PC-positive virus was capable of infecting endothelial cells. Individual knockout mutants for unique PC components (GP129, GP131, and GP133) were unable to infect endothelial cells without impacting fibroblast infection. Ectopic expression of PDGFRA in EndoC cells enabled GPCMV(PC-) infection via direct cell entry independent of the PC. Neutralizing antibodies to the essential viral gB glycoprotein were insufficient to prevent endothelial cell infection, which also required antibodies to gH/gL and the PC. Endothelial cell infection was also dependent upon viral tegument pp65 protein (GP83) to counteract the IFI16/cGAS-STING innate immune pathway, similar to epithelial cell infection. GPCMV endothelial cells were lytically (EndoC) or persistently (GPUVEC) infected dependent on tissue origin. The ability to establish a persistent infection in the umbilical cord could potentially enable sustained and more significant infection of the fetus in utero. Overall, results demonstrate the importance of this translationally relevant model for CMV research. IMPORTANCE Congenital CMV is a leading cause of cognitive impairment and deafness in newborns, and a vaccine is a high priority. The only small animal model for congenital CMV is the guinea pig and guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) encoding functional HCMV homolog viral glycoprotein complexes necessary for cell entry that are neutralizing-antibody vaccine targets. Endothelial cells are important in HCMV for human disease and viral dissemination. GPCMV endothelial cell infection requires the viral pentamer complex (PC), which further increases the importance of this complex as a vaccine target, as antibodies to the immunodominant and essential viral glycoprotein gB fail to prevent endothelial cell infection. GPCMV endothelial cell infection established either a fully lytic or a persistent infection, depending on tissue origin. The potential for persistent infection in the umbilical cord potentially enables sustained infection of the fetus in utero, likely increasing the severity of congenital disease.
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Giblin MJ, Ontko CD, Penn JS. Effect of cytokine-induced alterations in extracellular matrix composition on diabetic retinopathy-relevant endothelial cell behaviors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12955. [PMID: 35902594 PMCID: PMC9334268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal vascular basement membrane (BM) thickening is an early structural abnormality of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recent studies suggest that BM thickening contributes to the DR pathological cascade; however, much remains to be elucidated about the exact mechanisms by which BM thickening develops and subsequently drives other pathogenic events in DR. Therefore, we undertook a systematic analysis to understand how human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMEC) and human retinal pericytes (hRP) change their expression of key extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents when treated with diabetes-relevant stimuli designed to model the three major insults of the diabetic environment: hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. TNFα and IL-1β caused the most potent and consistent changes in ECM expression in both hRMEC and hRP. We also demonstrate that conditioned media from IL-1β-treated human Müller cells caused dose-dependent, significant increases in collagen IV and agrin expression in hRMEC. After narrowing our focus to inflammation-induced changes, we sought to understand how ECM deposited by hRMEC and hRP under inflammatory conditions affects the behavior of naïve hRMEC. Our data demonstrated that diabetes-relevant alterations in ECM composition alone cause both increased adhesion molecule expression by and increased peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) adhesion to naïve hRMEC. Taken together, these data demonstrate novel roles for inflammation and pericytes in driving BM pathology and suggest that inflammation-induced ECM alterations may advance other pathogenic behaviors in DR, including leukostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith J. Giblin
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Cayla D. Ontko
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - John S. Penn
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA ,grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
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Pablo-Moreno JAD, Serrano LJ, Revuelta L, Sánchez MJ, Liras A. The Vascular Endothelium and Coagulation: Homeostasis, Disease, and Treatment, with a Focus on the Von Willebrand Factor and Factors VIII and V. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158283. [PMID: 35955419 PMCID: PMC9425441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium has several important functions, including hemostasis. The homeostasis of hemostasis is based on a fine balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins and between fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic ones. Coagulopathies are characterized by a mutation-induced alteration of the function of certain coagulation factors or by a disturbed balance between the mechanisms responsible for regulating coagulation. Homeostatic therapies consist in replacement and nonreplacement treatments or in the administration of antifibrinolytic agents. Rebalancing products reestablish hemostasis by inhibiting natural anticoagulant pathways. These agents include monoclonal antibodies, such as concizumab and marstacimab, which target the tissue factor pathway inhibitor; interfering RNA therapies, such as fitusiran, which targets antithrombin III; and protease inhibitors, such as serpinPC, which targets active protein C. In cases of thrombophilia (deficiency of protein C, protein S, or factor V Leiden), treatment may consist in direct oral anticoagulants, replacement therapy (plasma or recombinant ADAMTS13) in cases of a congenital deficiency of ADAMTS13, or immunomodulators (prednisone) if the thrombophilia is autoimmune. Monoclonal-antibody-based anti-vWF immunotherapy (caplacizumab) is used in the context of severe thrombophilia, regardless of the cause of the disorder. In cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation, the treatment of choice consists in administration of antifibrinolytics, all-trans-retinoic acid, and recombinant soluble human thrombomodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. De Pablo-Moreno
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.P.-M.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Luis Javier Serrano
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.P.-M.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Luis Revuelta
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María José Sánchez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Junta de Andalucía, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Antonio Liras
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.D.P.-M.); (L.J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Hong SG, Shin J, Aldokhayyil M, Brown MD, Park JY. Mitochondrial and Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise-Induced Fluid Shear Stress in Endothelial Cells. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:145-155. [PMID: 35152237 PMCID: PMC9203873 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the central role of mitochondria on endothelial function. Here, we propose a hypothesis that unidirectional laminar (pulsatile) flow and disturbed laminar (oscillatory) flow may differentially modulate mitochondrial phenotypes in the context of their bioenergetic, signaling, and biosynthetic functions, providing novel insights into subcellular mechanisms underlying how exercise benefits the improvement of vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Gook Hong
- Department of Kinesiology & Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Junchul Shin
- Department of Kinesiology & Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Kinesiology & Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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Urbanczyk M, Zbinden A, Schenke-Layland K. Organ-specific endothelial cell heterogenicity and its impact on regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114323. [PMID: 35568103 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are a key cellular component of the vascular system as they form the inner lining of the blood vessels. Recent findings highlight that ECs express extensive phenotypic heterogenicity when following the vascular tree from the major vasculature down to the organ capillaries. However, in vitro models, used for drug development and testing, or to study the role of ECs in health and disease, rarely acknowledge this EC heterogenicity. In this review, we highlight the main differences between different EC types, briefly summarize their different characteristics and focus on the use of ECs in in vitro models. We introduce different approaches on how ECs can be utilized in co-culture test systems in the field of brain, pancreas, and liver research to study the role of the endothelium in health and disease. Finally, we discuss potential improvements to current state-of-the-art in vitro models and future directions.
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Lei Z, Hu X, Wu Y, Fu L, Lai S, Lin J, Li X, Lv Y. The Role and Mechanism of the Vascular Endothelial Niche in Diseases: A Review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:863265. [PMID: 35574466 PMCID: PMC9092213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.863265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells, forming the inner wall of the blood vessels, participate in the body’s pathological and physiological processes of immunity, tumors, and infection. In response to an external stimulus or internal pathological changes, vascular endothelial cells can reshape their microenvironment, forming a “niche”. Current research on the vascular endothelial niche is a rapidly growing field in vascular biology. Endothelial niches not only respond to stimulation by external information but are also decisive factors that act on neighboring tissues and circulating cells. Intervention through the vascular niche is meaningful for improving the treatment of several diseases. This review aimed to summarize reported diseases affected by endothelial niches and signal molecular alterations or release within endothelial niches. We look forward to contributing knowledge to increase the understanding the signaling and mechanisms of the vascular endothelial niche in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaoqi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longsheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Songqing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Meuleman MS, Duval A, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT, Chauvet S. Ex Vivo Test for Measuring Complement Attack on Endothelial Cells: From Research to Bedside. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860689. [PMID: 35493497 PMCID: PMC9041553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the innate immune system, the complement system plays a key role in defense against pathogens and in host cell homeostasis. This enzymatic cascade is rapidly triggered in the presence of activating surfaces. Physiologically, it is tightly regulated on host cells to avoid uncontrolled activation and self-damage. In cases of abnormal complement dysregulation/overactivation, the endothelium is one of the primary targets. Complement has gained momentum as a research interest in the last decade because its dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many human diseases. Thus, it appears to be a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention. However, detecting abnormal complement activation is challenging. In many pathological conditions, complement activation occurs locally in tissues. Standard routine exploration of the plasma concentration of the complement components shows values in the normal range. The available tests to demonstrate such dysregulation with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications are limited. There is a real need to develop tools to demonstrate the implications of complement in diseases and to explore the complex interplay between complement activation and regulation on human cells. The analysis of complement deposits on cultured endothelial cells incubated with pathologic human serum holds promise as a reference assay. This ex vivo assay most closely resembles the physiological context. It has been used to explore complement activation from sera of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, malignant hypertension, elevated liver enzymes low platelet syndrome, sickle cell disease, pre-eclampsia, and others. In some cases, it is used to adjust the therapeutic regimen with a complement-blocking drug. Nevertheless, an international standard is lacking, and the mechanism by which complement is activated in this assay is not fully understood. Moreover, primary cell culture remains difficult to perform, which probably explains why no standardized or commercialized assay has been proposed. Here, we review the diseases for which endothelial assays have been applied. We also compare this test with others currently available to explore complement overactivation. Finally, we discuss the unanswered questions and challenges to overcome for validating the assays as a tool in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Meuleman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anna Duval
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Lubka T Roumenina
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Chauvet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Anto Michel N, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Bugger H, Zirlik A. Cellular Heterogeneity of the Heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868466. [PMID: 35548426 PMCID: PMC9081371 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in technology such as the introduction of high throughput multidimensional tools like single cell sequencing help to characterize the cellular composition of the human heart. The diversity of cell types that has been uncovered by such approaches is by far greater than ever expected before. Accurate identification of the cellular variety and dynamics will not only facilitate a much deeper understanding of cardiac physiology but also provide important insights into mechanisms underlying its pathological transformation. Distinct cellular patterns of cardiac cell clusters may allow differentiation between a healthy heart and a sick heart while potentially predicting future disease at much earlier stages than currently possible. These advances have already extensively improved and will ultimately revolutionize our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease as such. In this review, we will provide an overview of the cells present in the human and rodent heart as well as genes that may be used for their identification.
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Lebraud E, Eloudzeri M, Rabant M, Lamarthée B, Anglicheau D. Microvascular Inflammation of the Renal Allograft: A Reappraisal of the Underlying Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864730. [PMID: 35392097 PMCID: PMC8980419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is associated with poor transplant outcomes and was identified as a leading cause of graft failure after kidney transplantation. Although the hallmark histological features of ABMR (ABMRh), i.e., microvascular inflammation (MVI), usually correlate with the presence of anti-human leukocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies (HLA-DSAs), it is increasingly recognized that kidney transplant recipients can develop ABMRh in the absence of HLA-DSAs. In fact, 40-60% of patients with overt MVI have no circulating HLA-DSAs, suggesting that other mechanisms could be involved. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of the different pathogenic processes underpinning MVI. These processes include both antibody-independent and antibody-dependent mechanisms of endothelial injury and ensuing MVI. Specific emphasis is placed on non-HLA antibodies, for which we discuss the ontogeny, putative targets, and mechanisms underlying endothelial toxicity in connection with their clinical impact. A better understanding of these emerging mechanisms of allograft injury and all the effector cells involved in these processes may provide important insights that pave the way for innovative diagnostic tools and highly tailored therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lebraud
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Inserm U1151, Université de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Maëva Eloudzeri
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Inserm U1151, Université de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Department of Renal Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Lamarthée
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EFS BFC, Inserm UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Dijon, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Necker-Enfants Malades Institute, Inserm U1151, Université de Paris, Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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50
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Antonyshyn JA, McFadden MJ, Gramolini AO, Hofer SO, Santerre JP. Vascular tissue engineering from human adipose tissue: fundamental phenotype of its resident microvascular endothelial cells and stromal/stem cells. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 6:100049. [PMID: 36824164 PMCID: PMC9934493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant, accessible, and uniquely dispensable source of cells for vascular tissue engineering. Despite its intrinsic endothelial cells, considerable effort is directed at deriving endothelium from its resident stem and progenitor cells. Here, we investigate the composition of human adipose tissue and characterize the phenotypes of its constituent cells in order to help ascertain their potential utility for vascular tissue engineering. Unsupervised clustering based on cell-surface protein signatures failed to detect CD45-CD31-VEGFR2+ endothelial progenitor cells within adipose tissue, but supported further investigation of its resident CD45-CD31+ microvascular endothelial cells (HAMVECs) and CD45-CD31- stromal/stem cells (ASCs). The endothelial differentiation of ASCs altered their proteome, but it remained distinct from that of primary endothelial cell controls - as well as HAMVECs - regardless of their arterial-venous specification or macrovascular-microvascular origin. Rather, ASCs retained a proteome indicative of a perivascular phenotype, which was supported by their ability to facilitate the capillary morphogenesis of HAMVECs. This study supports the use of HAMVECs for the generation of endothelium. It suggests that the utility of ASCs for vascular tissue engineering lies in their capacity to remodel the extracellular matrix and to function as mural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Antonyshyn
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meghan J. McFadden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony O. Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefan O.P. Hofer
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Departments of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Corresponding author.
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