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H-Alcántara A, Kourani O, Marcos-Jiménez A, Martínez-Núñez P, Herranz-Martín E, Fuentes P, Toribio ML, Muñoz-Calleja C, Iglesias T, Campanero MR. Glutathione overproduction mediates lymphoma initiating cells survival and has a sex-dependent effect on lymphomagenesis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:534. [PMID: 39068166 PMCID: PMC11283572 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lymphoid tumor patients often exhibit resistance to standard therapies or experience relapse post-remission. Relapse is driven by Tumor Initiating Cells (TICs), a subset of tumor cells capable of regrowing the tumor and highly resistant to therapy. Growing cells in 3D gels is a method to discern tumorigenic cells because it strongly correlates with tumorigenicity. The finding that TICs, rather than differentiated tumor cells, grow in 3D gels offers a unique opportunity to unveil TIC-specific signaling pathways and therapeutic targets common to various cancer types. Here, we show that culturing lymphoid cells in 3D gels triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to non-tumor lymphoid cell death while enabling the survival and proliferation of a subset of lymphoma/leukemia cells, TICs or TIC-like cells. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibits this lethality and promotes the growth of primary non-tumor lymphoid cells in 3D gels. A subset of lymphoma cells, characterized by an increased abundance of the antioxidant glutathione, escape ROS-induced lethality, a response not seen in non-tumor cells. Reducing glutathione production in lymphoma cells, either through pharmacological inhibition of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in glutathione biosynthesis, or via knockdown of GCLC, the GCL catalytic subunit, sharply decreased cell growth in 3D gels and xenografts. Tumor cells from B-cell lymphoma/leukemia patients and λ-MYC mice, a B-cell lymphoma mouse model, overproduce glutathione. Importantly, pharmacological GCL inhibition hindered lymphoma growth in female λ-MYC mice, suggesting that this treatment holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for female lymphoma/leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto H-Alcántara
- Cell-cell communication and inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omar Kourani
- Cell-cell communication and inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Jiménez
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Martínez-Núñez
- Cell-cell communication and inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Herranz-Martín
- Cell-cell communication and inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fuentes
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, CBM, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Toribio
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, CBM, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel R Campanero
- Cell-cell communication and inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Guruvaiah P, Gupta R. IκBα kinase inhibitor BAY 11-7082 promotes anti-tumor effect in RAS-driven cancers. J Transl Med 2024; 22:642. [PMID: 38982514 PMCID: PMC11233160 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic mutations in the RAS gene are associated with uncontrolled cell growth, a hallmark feature contributing to tumorigenesis. While diverse therapeutic strategies have been diligently applied to treat RAS-mutant cancers, successful targeting of the RAS gene remains a persistent challenge in the field of cancer therapy. In our study, we discover a promising avenue for addressing this challenge. METHODS In this study, we tested the viability of several cell lines carrying oncogenic NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS mutations upon treatment with IkappaBalpha (IκBα) inhibitor BAY 11-7082. We performed both cell culture-based viability assay and in vivo subcutaneous xenograft-based assay to confirm the growth inhibitory effect of BAY 11-7082. We also performed large RNA sequencing analysis to identify differentially regulated genes and pathways in the context of oncogenic NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS mutations upon treatment with BAY 11-7082. RESULTS We demonstrate that oncogenic NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS activate the expression of IκBα kinase. BAY 11-7082, an inhibitor of IκBα kinase, attenuates the growth of NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS mutant cancer cells in cell culture and in mouse model. Mechanistically, BAY 11-7082 inhibitor treatment leads to suppression of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and activation of apoptosis in all RAS mutant cell lines. Additionally, we find that BAY 11-7082 treatment results in the downregulation of different biological pathways depending upon the type of RAS protein that may also contribute to tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSION Our study identifies BAY 11-7082 to be an efficacious inhibitor for treating RAS oncogene (HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS) mutant cancer cells. This finding provides new therapeutic opportunity for effective treatment of RAS-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Guruvaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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3
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Lemmens M, Dorsheimer L, Zeller A, Dietz-Baum Y. Non-clinical safety assessment of novel drug modalities: Genome safety perspectives on viral-, nuclease- and nucleotide-based gene therapies. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 896:503767. [PMID: 38821669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapies have emerged as promising treatments for various conditions including inherited diseases as well as cancer. Ensuring their safe clinical application requires the development of appropriate safety testing strategies. Several guidelines have been provided by health authorities to address these concerns. These guidelines state that non-clinical testing should be carried out on a case-by-case basis depending on the modality. This review focuses on the genome safety assessment of frequently used gene therapy modalities, namely Adeno Associated Viruses (AAVs), Lentiviruses, designer nucleases and mRNAs. Important safety considerations for these modalities, amongst others, are vector integrations into the patient genome (insertional mutagenesis) and off-target editing. Taking into account the constraints of in vivo studies, health authorities endorse the development of novel approach methodologies (NAMs), which are innovative in vitro strategies for genotoxicity testing. This review provides an overview of NAMs applied to viral and CRISPR/Cas9 safety, including next generation sequencing-based methods for integration site analysis and off-target editing. Additionally, NAMs to evaluate the oncogenicity risk arising from unwanted genomic modifications are discussed. Thus, a range of promising techniques are available to support the safe development of gene therapies. Thorough validation, comparisons and correlations with clinical outcomes are essential to identify the most reliable safety testing strategies. By providing a comprehensive overview of these NAMs, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the genome safety perspectives of gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Dorsheimer
- Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany.
| | - Andreas Zeller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, pRED Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Dietz-Baum
- Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany
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4
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Sealover NE, Theard PT, Hughes JM, Linke AJ, Daley BR, Kortum RL. In situ modeling of acquired resistance to RTK/RAS-pathway-targeted therapies. iScience 2024; 27:108711. [PMID: 38226159 PMCID: PMC10788224 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic and acquired resistance limit the window of effectiveness for oncogene-targeted cancer therapies. Here, we describe an in situ resistance assay (ISRA) that reliably models acquired resistance to RTK/RAS-pathway-targeted therapies across cell lines. Using osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) as a model system, we show that acquired osimertinib resistance can be significantly delayed by inhibition of proximal RTK signaling using SHP2 inhibitors. Isolated osimertinib-resistant populations required SHP2 inhibition to resensitize cells to osimertinib and reduce MAPK signaling to block the effects of enhanced activation of multiple parallel RTKs. We additionally modeled resistance to targeted therapies including the KRASG12C inhibitors adagrasib and sotorasib, the MEK inhibitor trametinib, and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor tipifarnib. These studies highlight the tractability of in situ resistance assays to model acquired resistance to targeted therapies and provide a framework for assessing the extent to which synergistic drug combinations can target acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia T. Theard
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob M. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda J. Linke
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brianna R. Daley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert L. Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dalmasso G, Cougnoux A, Faïs T, Bonnin V, Mottet-Auselo B, Nguyen HTT, Sauvanet P, Barnich N, Jary M, Pezet D, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli enhance resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell emergence. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2310215. [PMID: 38374654 PMCID: PMC10880512 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2310215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human colorectal cancers (CRCs) are readily colonized by colibactin-producing E. coli (CoPEC). CoPEC induces DNA double-strand breaks, DNA mutations, genomic instability, and cellular senescence. Infected cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is involved in the increase in tumorigenesis observed in CRC mouse models infected with CoPEC. This study investigated whether CoPEC, and the SASP derived from CoPEC-infected cells, impacted chemotherapeutic resistance. Human intestinal epithelial cells were infected with the CoPEC clinical 11G5 strain or with its isogenic mutant, which is unable to produce colibactin. Chemotherapeutic resistance was assessed in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Expressions of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in infected cells were investigated. Data were validated using a CRC mouse model and human clinical samples. Both 11G5-infected cells, and uninfected cells incubated with the SASP produced by 11G5-infected cells exhibited an increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. This finding correlated with the induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which led to the emergence of cells exhibiting CSC features. They grew on ultra-low attachment plates, formed colonies in soft agar, and overexpressed several CSC markers (e.g. CD133, OCT-3/4, and NANOG). In agreement with these results, murine and human CRC biopsies colonized with CoPEC exhibited higher expression levels of OCT-3/4 and NANOG than biopsies devoid of CoPEC. Conclusion: CoPEC might aggravate CRCs by inducing the emergence of cancer stem cells that are highly resistant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dalmasso
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphanie Faïs
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Virginie Bonnin
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Mottet-Auselo
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hang TT Nguyen
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Sauvanet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Jary
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Pezet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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6
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Daley BR, Vieira HM, Rao C, Hughes JM, Beckley ZM, Huisman DH, Chatterjee D, Sealover NE, Cox K, Askew JW, Svoboda RA, Fisher KW, Lewis RE, Kortum RL. SOS1 and KSR1 modulate MEK inhibitor responsiveness to target resistant cell populations based on PI3K and KRAS mutation status. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313137120. [PMID: 37972068 PMCID: PMC10666034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313137120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene. Targeted therapies have been developed against mediators of key downstream signaling pathways, predominantly components of the RAF/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Unfortunately, single-agent efficacy of these agents is limited both by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Survival of drug-tolerant persister cells within the heterogeneous tumor population and/or acquired mutations that reactivate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS signaling can lead to outgrowth of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and drive therapeutic resistance. Here, we show that targeting the key RTK/RAS pathway signaling intermediates SOS1 (Son of Sevenless 1) or KSR1 (Kinase Suppressor of RAS 1) both enhances the efficacy of, and prevents resistance to, the MEK inhibitor trametinib in KRAS-mutated lung (LUAD) and colorectal (COAD) adenocarcinoma cell lines depending on the specific mutational landscape. The SOS1 inhibitor BI-3406 enhanced the efficacy of trametinib and prevented trametinib resistance by targeting spheroid-initiating cells in KRASG12/G13-mutated LUAD and COAD cell lines that lacked PIK3CA comutations. Cell lines with KRASQ61 and/or PIK3CA mutations were insensitive to trametinib and BI-3406 combination therapy. In contrast, deletion of the RAF/MEK/ERK scaffold protein KSR1 prevented drug-induced SIC upregulation and restored trametinib sensitivity across all tested KRAS mutant cell lines in both PIK3CA-mutated and PIK3CA wild-type cancers. Our findings demonstrate that vertical inhibition of RTK/RAS signaling is an effective strategy to prevent therapeutic resistance in KRAS-mutated cancers, but therapeutic efficacy is dependent on both the specific KRAS mutant and underlying comutations. Thus, selection of optimal therapeutic combinations in KRAS-mutated cancers will require a detailed understanding of functional dependencies imposed by allele-specific KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R. Daley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Heidi M. Vieira
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Chaitra Rao
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Jacob M. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Zaria M. Beckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Dianna H. Huisman
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Deepan Chatterjee
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Nancy E. Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Katherine Cox
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - James W. Askew
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert A. Svoboda
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Kurt W. Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert E. Lewis
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert L. Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
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7
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Durham M, Vadde S, Brooks AN. MET exon 14 skipping is overexpressed in an allele-specific manner in lung adenocarcinoma primary samples. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000957. [PMID: 37829573 PMCID: PMC10565573 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
MET exon 14 skipping ( METΔ14 ) is a well-characterized oncogene in the Ras-MAPK pathway driving lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Previous studies on METΔ14 revealed this aberrantly spliced oncogene is expressed in LUAD primary samples and is associated with heterozygous somatic mutations and deletions near exon 14 splice sites. Upon further examination of DNA and RNA sequencing data from primary samples, we highlight that METΔ14 is overexpressed in an allele-specific manner. These data suggest that dose-dependence of METΔ14 may be critical to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Durham
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Swetha Vadde
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Angela N Brooks
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
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8
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Zucko D, Boris-Lawrie K. Blocking tri-methylguanosine synthase 1 (TGS1) stops anchorage-independent growth of canine sarcomas. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1274-1284. [PMID: 37386121 PMCID: PMC10501901 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Tri methylguanosine synthase 1 (TGS1) is the enzyme that hyper methylates the hallmark 7-methyl-guanosine cap (m7G-cap) appended to the transcription start site of RNAs. The m7G-cap and the eIF4E-cap binding protein guide canonical cap-dependent translation of mRNAs, whereas hyper methylated cap, m2,2,7G-cap (TMG) lacks adequate eIF4E affinity and licenses entry into a different translation initiation pathway. The potential role for TGS1 and TMG-capped mRNA in neoplastic growth is unknown. Canine sarcoma has high translational value to the human disease. Cumulative downregulation of protein synthesis in osteosarcoma OSCA-40 was achieved cooperatively by siTGS1 and Torin-1. Torin-1 inhibited the proliferation of three canine sarcoma explants in a reversible manner that was eliminated by siRNA-downregulation of TGS1. TGS1 failure prevented the anchorage-independent growth of osteo- and hemangio-sarcomas and curtailed sarcoma recovery from mTOR inhibition. RNA immunoprecipitation studies identified TMG-capped mRNAs encoding TGS1, DHX9 and JUND. TMG-tgs1 transcripts were downregulated by leptomycin B and TGS1 failure was compensated by eIF4E mRNP-dependent tgs1 mRNA translation affected by mTOR. The evidence documents TMG-capped mRNAs are hallmarks of the investigated neoplasms and synergy between TGS1 specialized translation and canonical translation is involved in sarcoma recovery from mTOR inhibition. Therapeutic targeting of TGS1 activity in cancer is ripe for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Zucko
- University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Kathleen Boris-Lawrie
- University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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9
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Wang Z. Assessing Tumorigenicity in Stem Cell-Derived Therapeutic Products: A Critical Step in Safeguarding Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:857. [PMID: 37508884 PMCID: PMC10376867 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to proliferate and differentiate into various cell types. However, their self-renewal and multipotency also raise concerns about their tumorigenicity during and post-therapy. Indeed, multiple studies have reported the presence of stem cell-derived tumors in animal models and clinical administrations. Therefore, the assessment of tumorigenicity is crucial in evaluating the safety of stem cell-derived therapeutic products. Ideally, the assessment needs to be performed rapidly, sensitively, cost-effectively, and scalable. This article reviews various approaches for assessing tumorigenicity, including animal models, soft agar culture, PCR, flow cytometry, and microfluidics. Each method has its advantages and limitations. The selection of the assay depends on the specific needs of the study and the stage of development of the stem cell-derived therapeutic product. Combining multiple assays may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity. Future developments should focus on the optimization and standardization of microfluidics-based methods, as well as the integration of multiple assays into a single platform for efficient and comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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10
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Sealover NE, Theard PL, Hughes JM, Linke AJ, Daley BR, Kortum RL. In situ modeling of acquired resistance to RTK/RAS pathway targeted therapies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525958. [PMID: 36747633 PMCID: PMC9901014 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic and acquired resistance limit the window of effectiveness for oncogene-targeted cancer therapies. Preclinical studies that identify synergistic combinations enhance therapeutic efficacy to target intrinsic resistance, however, methods to study acquired resistance in cell culture are lacking. Here, we describe a novel in situ resistance assay (ISRA), performed in a 96-well culture format, that models acquired resistance to RTK/RAS pathway targeted therapies. Using osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) as a model system, we show acquired resistance can be reliably modeled across cell lines using objectively defined osimertinib doses. Similar to patient populations, isolated osimertinib-resistant populations showed resistance via enhanced activation of multiple parallel RTKs so that individual RTK inhibitors did not re-sensitize cells to osimertinib. In contrast, inhibition of proximal RTK signaling using the SHP2 inhibitor RMC-4550 both re-sensitized resistant populations to osimertinib and prevented the development of osimertinib resistance as a primary therapy. Similar, objectively defined drug doses were used to model resistance to additional RTK/RAS pathway targeted therapies including the KRASG12C inhibitors adagrasib and sotorasib, the MEK inhibitor trametinib, and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor tipifarnib. These studies highlight the tractability of in situ resistance assays to model acquired resistance to targeted therapies and provide a framework for assessing the extent to which synergistic drug combinations can target acquired drug resistance.
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11
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Suppression of galectin-4 attenuates peritoneal metastasis of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:352-363. [PMID: 36695981 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dissemination, most often seen in metastatic and/or recurrent gastric cancer, is an inoperable condition that lacks effective treatment. The use of molecular targeted drugs is also limited; therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving our understanding of this metastatic cancer are an urgent requirement. In this study, we focused on galectin-4, which is specifically expressed in poorly differentiated cells with high potential for peritoneal dissemination. METHODS We knocked out the galectin-4 gene in NUGC4 cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Proliferation and peritoneal cancer formation in knockout cells were compared with those in wild-type and galectin-4 re-expressing cells. Western blotting and proximity ligation assays were performed to identify associated molecules affected by the expression of galectin-4. The effect of galectin-4 knockdown on cell proliferation and peritoneal metastasis was studied using a specific siRNA. Expression of galectin-4 in peritoneal metastatic tumors from 10 patients with gastric cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Suppression of galectin-4 expression reduced proliferation and peritoneal metastasis of malignant gastric cancer cells. Galectin-4 knockout and knockdown reduced the expression of activated c-MET and CD44. Galectin-4 was found to interact with several proteins on the cell surface, including CD44 and c-MET, via its carbohydrate-binding ability. Immunohistochemistry showed galectin-4 expression in peritoneal metastatic tumor cells in all patients examined. CONCLUSIONS We clarified the role of galectin-4 in the development of peritoneal dissemination of poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells. Our data highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of galectin-4 in the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer.
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12
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Identification of marker genes to monitor residual iPSCs in iPSC-derived products. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:59-67. [PMID: 36319564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered tissues and cell therapies based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a promising approach for novel medicines. However, iPSC-derived cells and tissues may contain residual undifferentiated iPSCs that could lead to teratoma formation after implantation into patients. As a consequence, highly sensitive and specific methods for detecting residual undifferentiated iPSCs are indispensable for safety evaluations of iPSC-based therapies. The present study provides an approach for identifying potential marker genes for iPSC impurities in iPSC-derived cells using RNA sequencing data from iPSCs and various differentiated cell types. METHODS Identifying iPSC marker genes for each cell type individually provided a larger and more specific set of potential marker genes than considering all cell types in the analysis. Thus, the authors focused on identifying markers for iPSC impurities in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) and validated the selected genes by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The sensitivity of the candidate genes was determined by spiking different amounts of iPSCs into iCMs and their performance was compared with the previously suggested marker lin-28 homolog A (LIN28A). RESULTS Embryonic stem cell-related gene (ESRG), long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 678 (LINC00678), CaM kinase-like vesicle-associated (CAMKV), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), chondromodulin (CNMD), LINE1-type transposase domain containing 1 (L1DT1), LIN28A, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK), vertebrae development-associated (VRTN) and zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 10 (ZSCAN10) detected contaminant iPSCs among iCMs with a limit of detection that ranged from 0.001% to 0.1% depending on the gene and iCM batch used. CONCLUSIONS Using the example of iCMs, the authors provide a strategy for identifying a set of highly specific and sensitive markers that can be used for quality assessment of iPSC-derived products.
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13
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Hinds JW, Feris EJ, Wilkins OM, Deary LT, Wang X, Cole MD. S146L in MYC is a context-dependent activating substitution in cancer development. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272771. [PMID: 36018850 PMCID: PMC9417018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is one of the most dysregulated oncogenes and is thought to be fundamental to tumor formation and/or maintenance in many cancer types. This dominant pro-tumor activity makes MYC an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, MYC is a transcription factor lacking enzymatic activity, and the structure of one of its two domains is unknown e.g., its transactivation domain. Consequently, few direct MYC-targeting therapies have been developed, and none have been successful in the clinic. Nevertheless, significant effort has been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of oncogenic MYC activity with the objective of uncovering novel vulnerabilities of MYC-dependent cancers. These extensive investigations have revealed in detail how MYC translocation, amplification, and other upstream perturbations contribute to MYC activity in cancer. However, missense mutations of the MYC gene have remained relatively understudied for their potential role in MYC-mediated oncogenesis. While the function of several low-frequency mutations in MYC have been described, our understanding of other equally or more frequent mutations is incomplete. Herein, we define the function of a recurrent missense mutation in MYC resulting in the substitution S146L. This mutation enhances the interaction between MYC and its cofactor TRRAP and may enhance oncogenic MYC activity in certain cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Hinds
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
| | - Edmond J. Feris
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
| | - Owen M. Wilkins
- Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
| | - Luke T. Deary
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
| | - Michael D. Cole
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, Unites States of America
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14
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Sompel K, Dwyer-Nield LD, Smith AJ, Elango AP, Vanderlinden LA, Kopf K, Keith RL, Tennis MA. Loss of Frizzled 9 in Lung Cells Alters Epithelial Phenotype and Promotes Premalignant Lesion Development. Front Oncol 2022; 12:815737. [PMID: 35924166 PMCID: PMC9343062 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.815737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane receptor Frizzled 9 (FZD9) is important for fetal neurologic and bone development through both canonical and non-canonical WNT/FZD signaling. In the adult lung, however, Fzd9 helps to maintain a normal epithelium by signaling through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The effect of FZD9 loss on normal lung epithelial cells and regulators of its expression in the lung are unknown. We knocked down FZD9 in human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines and found that downstream EMT targets and PPARγ activity are altered. We used a FZD9-/- mouse in the urethane lung adenocarcinoma model and found FZD9-/- adenomas had more proliferation, increased EMT signaling, decreased activation of PPARγ, increased expression of lung cancer associated genes, increased transformed growth, and increased potential for invasive behavior. We identified PPARγ as a transcriptional regulator of FZD9. We also demonstrated that extended cigarette smoke exposure in HBEC leads to decreased FZD9 expression, decreased activation of PPARγ, and increased transformed growth, and found that higher exposure to cigarette smoke in human lungs leads to decreased FZD9 expression. These results provide evidence for the role of FZD9 in lung epithelial maintenance and in smoking related malignant transformation. We identified the first transcriptional regulator of FZD9 in the lung and found FZD9 negative lesions are more dangerous. Loss of FZD9 creates a permissive environment for development of premalignant lung lesions, making it a potential target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Sompel
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lori D Dwyer-Nield
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alex J Smith
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alamelu P Elango
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren A Vanderlinden
- School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Katrina Kopf
- Office of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Robert L Keith
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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15
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Xiang Y, Zheng G, Zhong J, Sheng J, Qin H. Advances in Renal Cell Carcinoma Drug Resistance Models. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870396. [PMID: 35619895 PMCID: PMC9128023 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. Systemic therapy is the preferred method to eliminate residual cancer cells after surgery and prolong the survival of patients with inoperable RCC. A variety of molecular targeted and immunological therapies have been developed to improve the survival rate and prognosis of RCC patients based on their chemotherapy-resistant properties. However, owing to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance, targeted and immunological therapies lack complete and durable anti-tumor responses; therefore, understanding the mechanisms of systemic therapy resistance and improving clinical curative effects in the treatment of RCC remain challenging. In vitro models with traditional RCC cell lines or primary cell culture, as well as in vivo models with cell or patient-derived xenografts, are used to explore the drug resistance mechanisms of RCC and screen new targeted therapeutic drugs. Here, we review the established methods and applications of in vivo and in vitro RCC drug resistance models, with the aim of improving our understanding of its resistance mechanisms, increasing the efficacy of combination medications, and providing a theoretical foundation for the development and application of new drugs, drug screening, and treatment guidelines for RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yien Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Ek F, Blom K, Selvin T, Rudfeldt J, Andersson C, Senkowski W, Brechot C, Nygren P, Larsson R, Jarvius M, Fryknäs M. Sorafenib and nitazoxanide disrupt mitochondrial function and inhibit regrowth capacity in three-dimensional models of hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8943. [PMID: 35624293 PMCID: PMC9142582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells in malignant tumors can withstand cell-cycle active treatment and cause cancer spread and recurrence. Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell models have led to the identification of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as a context-dependent vulnerability. The limited treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) metastatic to the liver include the multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and regorafenib. Off-target effects of sorafenib and regorafenib are related to OXPHOS inhibition; however the importance of this feature to the effect on tumor cells has not been investigated in 3D models. We began by assessing global transcriptional responses in monolayer cell cultures, then moved on to multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and tumoroids generated from a CRC patient. Cells were treated with chemotherapeutics, kinase inhibitors, and the OXPHOS inhibitors. Cells grown in 3D cultures were sensitive to the OXPHOS inhibitor nitazoxanide, sorafenib, and regorafenib and resistant to other multikinase inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, nitazoxanide and sorafenib reduced viability, regrowth potential and inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential in an additive manner at clinically relevant concentrations. This study demonstrates that the OXPHOS inhibition caused by sorafenib and regorafenib parallels 3D activity and can be further investigated for new combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Ek
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristin Blom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Selvin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Rudfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claes Andersson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Senkowski
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Nygren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 591, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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He L, Gao M, Pratt H, Weng Z, Struhl K. MafB, WDR77, and ß-catenin interact with each other and have similar genome association profiles. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264799. [PMID: 35482762 PMCID: PMC9049301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MafB (a bZIP transcription factor), ß-catenin (the ultimate target of the Wnt signal transduction pathway that acts as a transcriptional co-activator of LEF/TCF proteins), and WDR77 (a transcriptional co-activator of multiple hormone receptors) are important for breast cellular transformation. Unexpectedly, these proteins interact directly with each other, and they have similar genomic binding profiles. Furthermore, while some of these common target sites coincide with those bound by LEF/TCF, the majority are located just downstream of transcription initiation sites at a position near paused RNA polymerase (Pol II) and the +1 nucleosome. Occupancy levels of these factors at these promoter-proximal sites are strongly correlated with the level of paused Pol II and transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi He
- Dept. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United states of America
| | - Mingshi Gao
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United states of America
| | - Henry Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United states of America
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United states of America
| | - Kevin Struhl
- Dept. Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United states of America
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18
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Functional Screen for microRNAs Suppressing Anchorage-Independent Growth in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094791. [PMID: 35563182 PMCID: PMC9100801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of anchorage-dependent epithelial cells to anchorage-independent growth represents a critical hallmark of malignant transformation. Using an in vitro model of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced transformation, we previously showed that acquisition of anchorage-independent growth is associated with marked (epi)genetic changes, including altered expression of microRNAs. However, the laborious nature of the conventional growth method in soft agar to measure this phenotype hampers a high-throughput analysis. We developed alternative functional screening methods using 96- and 384-well ultra-low attachment plates to systematically investigate microRNAs regulating anchorage-independent growth. SiHa cervical cancer cells were transfected with a microRNA mimic library (n = 2019) and evaluated for cell viability. We identified 84 microRNAs that consistently suppressed growth in three independent experiments. Further validation in three cell lines and comparison of growth in adherent and ultra-low attachment plates yielded 40 microRNAs that specifically reduced anchorage-independent growth. In conclusion, ultra-low attachment plates are a promising alternative for soft-agar assays to study anchorage-independent growth and are suitable for high-throughput functional screening. Anchorage independence suppressing microRNAs identified through our screen were successfully validated in three cell lines. These microRNAs may provide specific biomarkers for detecting and treating HPV-induced precancerous lesions progressing to invasive cancer, the most critical stage during cervical cancer development.
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19
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Huang Y, Shang M, Liu T, Wang K. High-throughput methods for genome editing: the more the better. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1731-1745. [PMID: 35134245 PMCID: PMC8968257 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, targeted genome-editing technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) technologies, have permitted efficient targeting of genomes, thereby modifying these genomes to offer tremendous opportunities for deciphering gene function and engineering beneficial traits in many biological systems. As a powerful genome-editing tool, the CRISPR/Cas systems, combined with the development of next-generation sequencing and many other high-throughput techniques, have thus been quickly developed into a high-throughput engineering strategy in animals and plants. Therefore, here, we review recent advances in using high-throughput genome-editing technologies in animals and plants, such as the high-throughput design of targeted guide RNA (gRNA), construction of large-scale pooled gRNA, and high-throughput genome-editing libraries, high-throughput detection of editing events, and high-throughput supervision of genome-editing products. Moreover, we outline perspectives for future applications, ranging from medication using gene therapy to crop improvement using high-throughput genome-editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Meiqi Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
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20
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Braccini S, Tacchini C, Chiellini F, Puppi D. Polymeric Hydrogels for In Vitro 3D Ovarian Cancer Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3265. [PMID: 35328686 PMCID: PMC8954571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) grows and interacts constantly with a complex microenvironment, in which immune cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, signal molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM) coexist. This heterogeneous environment provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells and undergoes constant and dynamic remodeling that actively promotes tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Despite the fact that traditional 2D cell culture systems have led to relevant medical advances in cancer research, 3D cell culture models could open new possibilities for the development of an in vitro tumor microenvironment more closely reproducing that observed in vivo. The implementation of materials science and technology into cancer research has enabled significant progress in the study of cancer progression and drug screening, through the development of polymeric scaffold-based 3D models closely recapitulating the physiopathological features of native tumor tissue. This article provides an overview of state-of-the-art in vitro tumor models with a particular focus on 3D OC cell culture in pre-clinical studies. The most representative OC models described in the literature are presented with a focus on hydrogel-based scaffolds, which guarantee soft tissue-like physical properties as well as a suitable 3D microenvironment for cell growth. Hydrogel-forming polymers of either natural or synthetic origin investigated in this context are described by highlighting their source of extraction, physical-chemical properties, and application for 3D ovarian cancer cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dario Puppi
- BioLab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, UdR INSTM-Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (C.T.)
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21
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miR-520a-5p regulates Frizzled 9 expression and mediates effects of cigarette smoke and iloprost chemoprevention. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2388. [PMID: 35149732 PMCID: PMC8837775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of Frizzled 9 (FZD9) is critical to the activity of the lung cancer chemoprevention agent and prostacyclin analogue, iloprost. FZD9 is required in lung epithelial cells for iloprost to activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and related anti-tumor signaling. We aimed to investigate which miRNA regulate FZD9 in the context of cigarette smoke exposure and iloprost treatment. We found that miR-520a-5p binds the FZD9 3’UTR in lung cell lines and alters activity and expression of FZD9 downstream targets. Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) increases expression of miR-520a-5p, while iloprost decreases expression. Cancer promoting effects of a miR-520a-5p mimic were rescued with iloprost treatment, and effects of cigarette smoke were partially rescued with a miR-520a-5p inhibitor. Here we confirm miR-520a-5p as a regulator of FZD9 activity and a mediator of CSC and iloprost effects in the lung. Targeting miR-520a-5p could be an approach to restoring FZD9 expression and improving response to iloprost lung cancer chemoprevention.
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22
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Massively parallel phenotyping of coding variants in cancer with Perturb-seq. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:896-905. [DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Marloye M, Inam H, Moore CJ, Mertens TR, Ingels A, Koch M, Nowicki MO, Mathieu V, Pritchard JR, Awuah SG, Lawler SE, Meyer F, Dufrasne F, Berger G. Self-assembled ruthenium and osmium nanosystems display a potent anticancer profile by interfering with metabolic activity. Inorg Chem Front 2022; 9:2594-2607. [PMID: 36311556 PMCID: PMC9610622 DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic ruthenium and osmium complexes auto-assemble to nanosystems that poison mitochondria and show highly promising in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Marloye
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Haider Inam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Connor J. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tyler R. Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aude Ingels
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marilin Koch
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michal O. Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Cancer Research Center (UCRC), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justin R. Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Franck Meyer
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Berger
- Microbiology, Bioorganic & Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Evaluation of two in vitro assays for tumorigenicity assessment of CRISPR-Cas9 genome-edited cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:241-253. [PMID: 34703845 PMCID: PMC8505356 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Off-target editing is one of the main safety concerns for the use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in gene therapy. These unwanted modifications could lead to malignant transformation, which renders tumorigenicity assessment of gene therapy products indispensable. In this study, we established two in vitro transformation assays, the soft agar colony-forming assay (SACF) and the growth in low attachment assay (GILA) as alternative methods for tumorigenicity evaluation of genome-edited cells. Using a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach to transform immortalized MCF10A cells, we identified PTPN12, a known tumor suppressor, as a valid positive control in GILA and SACF. Next, we measured the limit of detection for both assays and proved that SACF is more sensitive than GILA (0.8% versus 3.1% transformed cells). We further validated SACF and GILA by identifying a set of positive and negative controls and by testing the suitability of another cell line (THLE-2). Moreover, in contrast to SACF and GILA, an in vivo tumorigenicity study failed to detect the known tumorigenic potential of PTPN12 deletion, demonstrating the relevance of GILA and SACF in tumorigenicity testing. In conclusion, SACF and GILA are both attractive and valuable additions to preclinical safety assessment of gene therapy products.
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25
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Development of a Microfluidic Device to Form a Long Chemical Gradient in a Tissue from Both Ends with an Analysis of Its Appearance and Content. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121482. [PMID: 34945332 PMCID: PMC8709218 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue assays have improved our understanding of cancers in terms of the three-dimensional structures and cellular diversity of the tissue, although they are not yet well-developed. Perfusion culture and active chemical gradient formation in centimeter order are difficult in tissue assays, but they are important for simulating the metabolic functions of tissues. Using microfluidic technology, we developed an H-shaped channel device that could form a long concentration gradient of molecules in a tissue that we could then analyze based on its appearance and content. For demonstration, a cylindrical pork tissue specimen was punched and equipped in the H-shaped channel device, and both ends of the tissue were exposed to flowing distilled and blue-dyed water for 100 h. After perfusion, the tissue was removed from the H-shaped channel device and sectioned. The gradient of the blue intensity along the longitudinal direction of the tissue was measured based on its appearance and content. We confirmed that the measured gradients from the appearance and content were comparable.
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Zhang HF, Hughes CS, Li W, He JZ, Surdez D, El-Naggar AM, Cheng H, Prudova A, Delaidelli A, Negri GL, Li X, Ørum-Madsen MS, Lizardo MM, Oo HZ, Colborne S, Shyp T, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Hammond CA, Dhez AC, Langman S, Lim JKM, Kung SHY, Li A, Steino A, Daugaard M, Parker SJ, Geltink RIK, Orentas RJ, Xu LY, Morin GB, Delattre O, Dimitrov DS, Sorensen PH. Proteomic Screens for Suppressors of Anoikis Identify IL1RAP as a Promising Surface Target in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2884-2903. [PMID: 34021002 PMCID: PMC8563374 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells must overcome anoikis (detachment-induced death) to successfully metastasize. Using proteomic screens, we found that distinct oncoproteins upregulate IL1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) to suppress anoikis. IL1RAP is directly induced by oncogenic fusions of Ewing sarcoma, a highly metastatic childhood sarcoma. IL1RAP inactivation triggers anoikis and impedes metastatic dissemination of Ewing sarcoma cells. Mechanistically, IL1RAP binds the cell-surface system Xc - transporter to enhance exogenous cystine uptake, thereby replenishing cysteine and the glutathione antioxidant. Under cystine depletion, IL1RAP induces cystathionine gamma lyase (CTH) to activate the transsulfuration pathway for de novo cysteine synthesis. Therefore, IL1RAP maintains cyst(e)ine and glutathione pools, which are vital for redox homeostasis and anoikis resistance. IL1RAP is minimally expressed in pediatric and adult normal tissues, and human anti-IL1RAP antibodies induce potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of Ewing sarcoma cells. Therefore, we define IL1RAP as a new cell-surface target in Ewing sarcoma, which is potentially exploitable for immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Here, we identify cell-surface protein IL1RAP as a key driver of metastasis in Ewing sarcoma, a highly aggressive childhood sarcoma. Minimal expression in pediatric and adult normal tissues nominates IL1RAP as a promising target for immunotherapy.See related commentary by Yoon and DeNicola, p. 2679.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2659.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher S Hughes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian-Zhong He
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005 Paris, France
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amal M El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Modelling and translation Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Anna Prudova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Michael M Lizardo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shane Colborne
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Taras Shyp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin A Hammond
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne-Chloe Dhez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sofya Langman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan K M Lim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Steino
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seth J Parker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ramon I Klein Geltink
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rimas J Orentas
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Equipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Centre, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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He L, Pratt H, Gao M, Wei F, Weng Z, Struhl K. YAP and TAZ are transcriptional co-activators of AP-1 proteins and STAT3 during breast cellular transformation. eLife 2021; 10:e67312. [PMID: 34463254 PMCID: PMC8463077 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The YAP and TAZ paralogs are transcriptional co-activators recruited to target sites by TEAD proteins. Here, we show that YAP and TAZ are also recruited by JUNB (a member of the AP-1 family) and STAT3, key transcription factors that mediate an epigenetic switch linking inflammation to cellular transformation. YAP and TAZ directly interact with JUNB and STAT3 via a WW domain important for transformation, and they stimulate transcriptional activation by AP-1 proteins. JUNB, STAT3, and TEAD co-localize at virtually all YAP/TAZ target sites, yet many target sites only contain individual AP-1, TEAD, or STAT3 motifs. This observation and differences in relative crosslinking efficiencies of JUNB, TEAD, and STAT3 at YAP/TAZ target sites suggest that YAP/TAZ is recruited by different forms of an AP-1/STAT3/TEAD complex depending on the recruiting motif. The different classes of YAP/TAZ target sites are associated with largely non-overlapping genes with distinct functions. A small minority of target sites are YAP- or TAZ-specific, and they are associated with different sequence motifs and gene classes from shared YAP/TAZ target sites. Genes containing either the AP-1 or TEAD class of YAP/TAZ sites are associated with poor survival of breast cancer patients with the triple-negative form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi He
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Henry Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Mingshi Gao
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- Genetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Kevin Struhl
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like promotes ovarian cancer tumor growth by stimulating pro-tumorigenic metabolic pathways and blocking apoptosis. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:48. [PMID: 34253709 PMCID: PMC8275629 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecological malignancy-related deaths. Current therapies for ovarian cancer do not provide meaningful and sustainable clinical benefits, highlighting the need for new therapies. We show that the histone H3K79 methyltransferase disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and that a higher level of DOT1L expression correlates with shorter progression-free and overall survival (OS). Pharmacological inhibition of DOT1L (EPZ-5676, EPZ004777, and SGC0946) or genetic inhibition of DOT1L attenuates the growth of ovarian cancer cells in cell culture and in a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer. Transcriptome-wide mRNA expression profiling shows that DOT1L inhibition results in the downregulation of genes involved in cellular biosynthesis pathways and the upregulation of proapoptotic genes. Consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis, the unbiased large-scale metabolomic analysis showed reduced levels of several metabolites of the amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis pathways after DOT1L inhibition. DOT1L inhibition also resulted in the upregulation of the NKG2D ligand ULBP1 and subsequent increase in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated ovarian cancer eradication. Collectively, our results demonstrate that DOT1L promotes ovarian cancer tumor growth by regulating apoptotic and metabolic pathways as well as NK cell-mediated eradication of ovarian cancer and identifies DOT1L as a new pharmacological target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Liu X, Hu Q, Wang W, Ma H, Pu J, Cui J, Gong T, Wu Y, Lu W, Huang J. A protein-fragment complementation assay reveals that celastrol and gambogic acid suppress ERα mutants in breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114583. [PMID: 33915156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Somatic gain-of-function mutations within estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) are highly associated with hormone therapy resistance in breast cancer. However, current understanding of abnormal activity of ERα mutants and their relevant targeted intervention is still very limited. Herein, we developed a new, real-time, and reliably Gaussia luciferase-based protein-fragment complementation assay (GLPCA) for evaluating ERα mutants activities. We found that, compared with ER WT, ERα mutants (Y537S/N and D538G) exhibit high ligand-independent activity, suggesting the gain-of-function phenotype of these ERα mutants. Notably, Y537S, the most common ERα mutant type, has the highest intrinsic activation. We then collected and screened a natural product library for potential ERα antagonists via GLPCA and identified celastrol and gambogic acid as new antagonists of the ERα Y537S mutant. Moreover, interactions between these two compounds and the ERα Y537S mutant were confirmed by molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay. Importantly, we further demonstrated that celastrol and gambogic acid exhibit synergistic antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects when combined with an approved CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib in breast cancer cells expressing ERα Y537S. In summary, GLPCA provides a powerful platform for exploring innovative functional biology and drug discovery of antagonists targeting ERα mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wanyan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaqian Pu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayan Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiqiang Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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30
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Sheffels E, Kortum RL. The Role of Wild-Type RAS in Oncogenic RAS Transformation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050662. [PMID: 33924994 PMCID: PMC8146411 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS family of oncogenes (HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS) are among the most frequently mutated protein families in cancers. RAS-mutated tumors were originally thought to proliferate independently of upstream signaling inputs, but we now know that non-mutated wild-type (WT) RAS proteins play an important role in modulating downstream effector signaling and driving therapeutic resistance in RAS-mutated cancers. This modulation is complex as different WT RAS family members have opposing functions. The protein product of the WT RAS allele of the same isoform as mutated RAS is often tumor-suppressive and lost during tumor progression. In contrast, RTK-dependent activation of the WT RAS proteins from the two non-mutated WT RAS family members is tumor-promoting. Further, rebound activation of RTK–WT RAS signaling underlies therapeutic resistance to targeted therapeutics in RAS-mutated cancers. The contributions of WT RAS to proliferation and transformation in RAS-mutated cancer cells places renewed interest in upstream signaling molecules, including the phosphatase/adaptor SHP2 and the RasGEFs SOS1 and SOS2, as potential therapeutic targets in RAS-mutated cancers.
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31
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Genomic Instability Is an Early Event in Aluminium-Induced Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239332. [PMID: 33297592 PMCID: PMC7730342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is generally considered as a hallmark of tumorigenesis and a prerequisite condition for malignant transformation. Aluminium salts are suspected environmental carcinogens that transform mammary epithelial cells in vitro through unknown mechanisms. We report here that long-term culture in the presence of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) enables HC11 normal mouse mammary epithelial cells to form tumours and metastases when injected into the syngeneic and immunocompetent BALB/cByJ strain. We demonstrate that AlCl3 rapidly increases chromosomal structural abnormalities in mammary epithelial cells, while we failed to detect direct modulation of specific mRNA pathways. Our observations provide evidence that clastogenic activity—a well-recognized inducer of genomic instability—might account in part for the transforming abilities of aluminium in mammary epithelial cells.
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32
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Pheno-RNA, a method to associate genes with a specific phenotype, identifies genes linked to cellular transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28925-28929. [PMID: 33144504 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014165117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular transformation is associated with dramatic changes in gene expression, but it is difficult to determine which regulated genes are oncogenically relevant. Here we describe Pheno-RNA, a general approach to identifying candidate genes associated with a specific phenotype. Specifically, we generate a "phenotypic series" by treating a nontransformed breast cell line with a wide variety of molecules that induce cellular transformation to various extents. By performing transcriptional profiling across this phenotypic series, the expression profile of every gene can be correlated with the strength of the transformed phenotype. We identify ∼200 genes whose expression profiles are very highly correlated with the transformation phenotype, strongly suggesting their importance in transformation. Within biological categories linked to cancer, some genes show high correlations with the transformed phenotype, but others do not. Many genes whose expression profiles are highly correlated with transformation have never been associated with cancer, suggesting the involvement of heretofore unknown genes in cancer.
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33
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Fluorinated benzylidene indanone exhibits antiproliferative activity through modulation of microtubule dynamics and antiangiogenic activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105513. [PMID: 32805425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of fluorine in drug design has been understood significantly by the medicinal chemists in recent years. Modulation of tubulin-microtubule dynamics is one of the most effective targets for cancer chemotherapeutics. A logically designed and identified lead compound, fluorinated benzylidene indanone 1 has been extensively evaluated for cancer pharmacology. It occupied colchicine binding pocket acting as microtubule destabilizer and induced a G2/M phase arrest in MCF-7 cells. Compound 1 exerted an antiangiogenic effect in MCF-7 cells by down-regulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-α (HIF-α). In in-vivo efficacy in C3H/Jax mice mammary carcinoma model, benzylidene indanone 1 reduced tumour volumes by 48.2%. Further in acute oral toxicity studies compound 1 was well tolerated and safe up to 1000 mg/kg dose in Swiss albino mice. The fluorinated benzylidene indanone 1, a new chemical entity (NCE) can further be optimized for better efficacy against breast adenocarcinoma.1.
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34
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Sulahian R, Kwon JJ, Walsh KH, Pailler E, Bosse TL, Thaker M, Almanza D, Dempster JM, Pan J, Piccioni F, Dumont N, Gonzalez A, Rennhack J, Nabet B, Bachman JA, Goodale A, Lee Y, Bagul M, Liao R, Navarro A, Yuan TL, Ng RWS, Raghavan S, Gray NS, Tsherniak A, Vazquez F, Root DE, Firestone AJ, Settleman J, Hahn WC, Aguirre AJ. Synthetic Lethal Interaction of SHOC2 Depletion with MEK Inhibition in RAS-Driven Cancers. Cell Rep 2020; 29:118-134.e8. [PMID: 31577942 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a critical effector of oncogenic RAS signaling, and MAPK pathway inhibition may be an effective combination treatment strategy. We performed genome-scale loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 screens in the presence of a MEK1/2 inhibitor (MEKi) in KRAS-mutant pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines and identified genes that cooperate with MEK inhibition. While we observed heterogeneity in genetic modifiers of MEKi sensitivity across cell lines, several recurrent classes of synthetic lethal vulnerabilities emerged at the pathway level. Multiple members of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-RAS-MAPK pathways scored as sensitizers to MEKi. In particular, we demonstrate that knockout, suppression, or degradation of SHOC2, a positive regulator of MAPK signaling, specifically cooperated with MEK inhibition to impair proliferation in RAS-driven cancer cells. The depletion of SHOC2 disrupted survival pathways triggered by feedback RTK signaling in response to MEK inhibition. Thus, these findings nominate SHOC2 as a potential target for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sulahian
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jason J Kwon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Emma Pailler
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Timothy L Bosse
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maneesha Thaker
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Diego Almanza
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Joshua Pan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Nancy Dumont
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Rennhack
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John A Bachman
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yenarae Lee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mukta Bagul
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rosy Liao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adrija Navarro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tina L Yuan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Raymond W S Ng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Srivatsan Raghavan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jeff Settleman
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, MA.
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, MA.
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Theard PL, Sheffels E, Sealover NE, Linke AJ, Pratico DJ, Kortum RL. Marked synergy by vertical inhibition of EGFR signaling in NSCLC spheroids shows SOS1 is a therapeutic target in EGFR-mutated cancer. eLife 2020; 9:58204. [PMID: 32897190 PMCID: PMC7478890 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug treatment of 3D cancer spheroids more accurately reflects in vivo therapeutic responses compared to adherent culture studies. In EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR-TKIs show enhanced efficacy in spheroid cultures. Simultaneous inhibition of multiple parallel RTKs further enhances EGFR-TKI effectiveness. We show that the common RTK signaling intermediate SOS1 was required for 3D spheroid growth of EGFR-mutated NSCLC cells. Using two distinct measures of pharmacologic synergy, we demonstrated that SOS1 inhibition strongly synergized with EGFR-TKI treatment only in 3D spheroid cultures. Combined EGFR- and SOS1-inhibition markedly inhibited Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling. Finally, broad assessment of the pharmacologic landscape of drug-drug interactions downstream of mutated EGFR revealed synergy when combining an EGFR-TKI with inhibitors of proximal signaling intermediates SOS1 and SHP2, but not inhibitors of downstream RAS effector pathways. These data indicate that vertical inhibition of proximal EGFR signaling should be pursued as a potential therapy to treat EGFR-mutated tumors. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In non-smokers, this disease is usually caused by a mutation in a protein found on the surface of a cell, called EGFR. In healthy lung cells, these proteins trigger a chain of chemical signals that tell the cells to multiply. However, faulty forms of EFGR make the cells grow uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors. Current treatments use EGFR inhibitors that block the activity of these proteins. But cancer cells often become resistant to these treatments by activating other types of growth proteins. One way to overcome this resistance has been by targeting the signaling pathways within individual tumors. But since those pathways differ between tumors, it has been challenging to find a single therapy that can treat all drug-resistant cancer cells. Now, Theard et al. assessed the therapeutic effects of blocking a specific protein inside lung cells, called SOS1, which is involved in growth signaling in all tumor cells. Six different types of human lung cancer cells were used, all of which had faulty forms of EGFR, with three of the cell types showing drug resistance to current therapies. The cancer cells were either exposed to EGFR inhibitors only or to a combination of EGFR and SOS1 inhibitors. The most effective treatment was found to be through combinational therapy, with enhanced killing of drug-resistant cells. Theard et al. further assessed the effect of combinational therapy using cells kept in two different ways. Cancer cells were either grown in a two-dimensional format, with cells forming a single cell layer, or in a three-dimensional format, where cells were multi-layered and grew on top of each other as self-aggregating spheroids. Combinational therapy treatment was only successful when the cells where grown in a three-dimensional format. These findings highlight that future drug development studies should give consideration to the way cells are grown, as it can impact the results. They also provide a steppingstone towards tackling drug resistance in lung cancers that arise from EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Theard
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Erin Sheffels
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Nancy E Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Amanda J Linke
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - David J Pratico
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Robert L Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
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36
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Izar B, Tirosh I, Stover EH, Wakiro I, Cuoco MS, Alter I, Rodman C, Leeson R, Su MJ, Shah P, Iwanicki M, Walker SR, Kanodia A, Melms JC, Mei S, Lin JR, Porter CBM, Slyper M, Waldman J, Jerby-Arnon L, Ashenberg O, Brinker TJ, Mills C, Rogava M, Vigneau S, Sorger PK, Garraway LA, Konstantinopoulos PA, Liu JF, Matulonis U, Johnson BE, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Rotem A, Regev A. A single-cell landscape of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Med 2020; 26:1271-1279. [PMID: 32572264 PMCID: PMC7723336 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant abdominal fluid (ascites) frequently develops in women with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and is associated with drug resistance and a poor prognosis1. To comprehensively characterize the HGSOC ascites ecosystem, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile ~11,000 cells from 22 ascites specimens from 11 patients with HGSOC. We found significant inter-patient variability in the composition and functional programs of ascites cells, including immunomodulatory fibroblast sub-populations and dichotomous macrophage populations. We found that the previously described immunoreactive and mesenchymal subtypes of HGSOC, which have prognostic implications, reflect the abundance of immune infiltrates and fibroblasts rather than distinct subsets of malignant cells2. Malignant cell variability was partly explained by heterogeneous copy number alteration patterns or expression of a stemness program. Malignant cells shared expression of inflammatory programs that were largely recapitulated in single-cell RNA sequencing of ~35,000 cells from additionally collected samples, including three ascites, two primary HGSOC tumors and three patient ascites-derived xenograft models. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway, which was expressed in both malignant cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, had potent anti-tumor activity in primary short-term cultures and patient-derived xenograft models. Our work contributes to resolving the HSGOC landscape3-5 and provides a resource for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elizabeth H Stover
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac Wakiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Idan Alter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christopher Rodman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Leeson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mei-Ju Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parin Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Abhay Kanodia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaolin Mei
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline B M Porter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julia Waldman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Livnat Jerby-Arnon
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Mills
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meri Rogava
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sébastien Vigneau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Joyce F Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ursula Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce E Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Asaf Rotem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at MIT, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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37
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Identification of a potent and selective covalent Pin1 inhibitor. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:979-987. [PMID: 32483379 PMCID: PMC7442691 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is commonly overexpressed in human cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While Pin1 is dispensable for viability in mice, it is required for activated Ras to induce tumorigenesis, suggesting a role for Pin1 inhibitors in Ras-driven tumors, such as PDAC. We report the development of rationally designed peptide inhibitors that covalently target Cys113, a highly conserved cysteine located in the Pin1 active site. The inhibitors were iteratively optimized for potency, selectivity, and cell permeability to give BJP-06–005-3, a versatile tool compound with which to probe Pin1 biology and interrogate its role in cancer. In parallel to inhibitor development, we employed genetic and chemical-genetic strategies to assess the consequences of Pin1 loss in human PDAC cell lines. We demonstrate that Pin1 cooperates with mutant KRAS to promote transformation in PDAC, and that Pin1 inhibition impairs cell viability over time in PDAC cell lines.
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38
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Zeng M, Xiong Y, Safaee N, Nowak RP, Donovan KA, Yuan CJ, Nabet B, Gero TW, Feru F, Li L, Gondi S, Ombelets LJ, Quan C, Jänne PA, Kostic M, Scott DA, Westover KD, Fischer ES, Gray NS. Exploring Targeted Degradation Strategy for Oncogenic KRAS G12C. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 27:19-31.e6. [PMID: 31883964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene found in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. Although it has been challenging to identify targeted therapies for cancers harboring KRAS mutations, KRASG12C can be targeted by small-molecule inhibitors that form covalent bonds with cysteine 12 (C12). Here, we designed a library of C12-directed covalent degrader molecules (PROTACs) and subjected them to a rigorous evaluation process to rapidly identify a lead compound. Our lead degrader successfully engaged CRBN in cells, bound KRASG12Cin vitro, induced CRBN/KRASG12C dimerization, and degraded GFP-KRASG12C in reporter cells in a CRBN-dependent manner. However, it failed to degrade endogenous KRASG12C in pancreatic and lung cancer cells. Our data suggest that inability of the lead degrader to effectively poly-ubiquitinate endogenous KRASG12C underlies the lack of activity. We discuss challenges for achieving targeted KRASG12C degradation and proposed several possible solutions which may lead to efficient degradation of endogenous KRASG12C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nozhat Safaee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radosław P Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine J Yuan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Behnam Nabet
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas W Gero
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frederic Feru
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lianbo Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sudershan Gondi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lincoln J Ombelets
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chunshan Quan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology and the Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Milka Kostic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth D Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Phi LTH, Wijaya YT, Sari IN, Kim KS, Yang YG, Lee MW, Kwon HY. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 Influences Cancer Stem Cell Properties and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer via the SNAIL Signaling Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10885-10895. [PMID: 31849492 PMCID: PMC6912006 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as central drivers of cancer relapse in many cancers. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3R), a major active component of ginseng saponin, on CSC-like cells and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The effects of ginsenoside Rg3R on the colony-forming, migration, invasion, and wound-healing abilities of CRC cells were determined in HT29 and SW620 cell lines in vitro. Further, ginsenoside Rg3R was given intraperitoneally at 5mg/kg of mouse body weight to check its effect on the metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. Results Ginsenoside Rg3R significantly inhibited CSC properties, but did not affect cell proliferation. Moreover, ginsenoside Rg3R treatment significantly inhibited the motility of CRC cells based on migration, invasion, and wound-healing assays. The inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg3R on CRC are potentially mediated by significant down-regulation of the expression of stemness genes and EMT markers in CRC cells in a SNAIL-dependent manner. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3R treatment decreased both the number and size of tumor nodules in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues in a metastasis mouse model. Conclusion These findings highlighted the potential use of ginsenoside Rg3R in clinical applications for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Thi Hanh Phi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seock Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Gui Yang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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40
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Nhu Ngoc LT, Park SM, Oh JH, Shin HY, Kim MI, Lee HU, Lee KB, Lee KS, Moon JY, Kwon OH, Yang HY, Lee YC. Cerium Aminoclay-A Potential Hybrid Biomaterial for Anticancer Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5857-5871. [PMID: 33405676 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, novel biomedical properties of Ce-aminoclay (CeAC) were investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays. CeAC (≥500 μg/mL) can selectively kill cancer cells (A549, Huh-1, AGS, C33A, HCT116, and MCF-7 cells) while leaving most normal cells unharmed (WI-38 and CCD-18Co cells). Notably, it displayed a high contrast of simultaneous imaging in HeLa cells by blue photoluminescence without any fluorescence dye. Its anticancer mechanism has been fully demonstrated through apoptosis assays; herein CeAC induced high-level apoptosis (16%), which promoted the expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bax, p53, and caspase 9) in tumor cells. Besides, its biological behavior was determined through antitumor effects using intravenous and intratumoral administration routes in mice implanted with HCT116 cells. During a 40 day trial, the tumor volume and tumor weight were reduced by a maximum of 92.24 and 86.11%, respectively. The results indicate that CeAC exhibits high bioavailability and therapeutic potential based on its unique characteristics, including high antioxidant capacity and electrostatic interaction between its amino functional groups and the mucosal surface of cells. In summary, it is suggested that CeAC, with its high bioimaging contrast, can be a promising anticancer agent for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Myo Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yun Shin
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Lee
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 161 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kug-Seung Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seoul 02876, Korea
| | - Oh-Hyeok Kwon
- Department of Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seoul 02876, Korea
| | - Hee Young Yang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
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41
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Guièze R, Liu VM, Rosebrock D, Jourdain AA, Hernández-Sánchez M, Martinez Zurita A, Sun J, Ten Hacken E, Baranowski K, Thompson PA, Heo JM, Cartun Z, Aygün O, Iorgulescu JB, Zhang W, Notarangelo G, Livitz D, Li S, Davids MS, Biran A, Fernandes SM, Brown JR, Lako A, Ciantra ZB, Lawlor MA, Keskin DB, Udeshi ND, Wierda WG, Livak KJ, Letai AG, Neuberg D, Harper JW, Carr SA, Piccioni F, Ott CJ, Leshchiner I, Johannessen CM, Doench J, Mootha VK, Getz G, Wu CJ. Mitochondrial Reprogramming Underlies Resistance to BCL-2 Inhibition in Lymphoid Malignancies. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:369-384.e13. [PMID: 31543463 PMCID: PMC6801112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial apoptosis can be effectively targeted in lymphoid malignancies with the FDA-approved B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor venetoclax, but resistance to this agent is emerging. We show that venetoclax resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with complex clonal shifts. To identify determinants of resistance, we conducted parallel genome-scale screens of the BCL-2-driven OCI-Ly1 lymphoma cell line after venetoclax exposure along with integrated expression profiling and functional characterization of drug-resistant and engineered cell lines. We identified regulators of lymphoid transcription and cellular energy metabolism as drivers of venetoclax resistance in addition to the known involvement by BCL-2 family members, which were confirmed in patient samples. Our data support the implementation of combinatorial therapy with metabolic modulators to address venetoclax resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clonal Evolution/drug effects
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/metabolism
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Guièze
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, EA7453 CHELTER, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vivian M Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elisa Ten Hacken
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Baranowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Philip A Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jin-Mi Heo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zachary Cartun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Ozan Aygün
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J Bryan Iorgulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wandi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Giulia Notarangelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dimitri Livitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anat Biran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana Lako
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zoe B Ciantra
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew A Lawlor
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Derin B Keskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kenneth J Livak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA
| | - Anthony G Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Donna Neuberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Ott
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | | | | | - John Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Dana Building, Room DA-520, Boston MA 02215-02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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42
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Bhukya B, Fatima K, Nagar A, Lakshmi V, Dubey P, Kumar S, Kumar Y, Luqman S, Chanda D, Tandon S, Shanker K, Khan F, Negi AS. Brevifoliol ester induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by activation of caspase pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 95:150-161. [PMID: 31585016 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is fourth most abundant cancer type around the globe. Brevifoliol, a rearranged taxoid from Taxus walllichiana needles has been derivatized as C5 esters using Steglich esterification reaction. Seventeen diverse analogues were evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Among these, two of the semi-synthetic analogues, that is, 13 and 16 exhibited potent cytotoxicity, selectively against PC-3, prostate cancer cell lines. In cell cycle analysis, analogue 13 induced S and G2/M phase arrest and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3. Compound 13 showed moderate efficacy in in-vivo Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. Further, compound 13 was found to be safe in Swiss albino mice up to 1,000 mg/kg dose in acute oral toxicity. Brevifoliol ester 13 may further be optimized for better efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakishan Bhukya
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Nagar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poornima Dubey
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatics Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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43
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Mihajlovic M, Hariri S, Westphal KCG, Janssen MJ, Oost MJ, Bongiovanni L, van den Heuvel LP, de Bruin A, Hilbrands LB, Masereeuw R. Safety evaluation of conditionally immortalized cells for renal replacement therapy. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5332-5348. [PMID: 31523392 PMCID: PMC6731099 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease represents irreversible kidney failure. Dialysis and transplantation, two main treatment options currently available, present various drawbacks and complications. Innovative cell-based therapies, such as a bioartificial kidney, have not reached the clinic yet, mostly due to safety and/or functional issues. Here, we assessed the safety of conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTECs) for bioartificial kidney application, by using in vitro assays and athymic nude rats. We demonstrate that these cells do not possess key properties of oncogenically transformed cells, including anchorage-independent growth, lack of contact inhibition and apoptosis-resistance. In late-passage cells we did observe complex chromosomal abnormalities favoring near-tetraploidy, indicating chromosomal instability. However, time-lapse imaging of ciPTEC-OAT1, confined to a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM)-based environment, revealed that the cells were largely non-invasive. Furthermore, we determined the viral integration sites of SV40 Large T antigen (SV40T), human telomerase (hTERT) and OAT1 (SLC22A6), the transgenes used for immortalization and cell function enhancement. All integrations sites were found to be located in the intronic regions of endogenous genes. Among these genes, early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) involved in endocytosis, and BCL2 Like 1 (BCL2L1) known for its role in regulating apoptosis, were identified. Nevertheless, both gene products appeared to be functionally intact. Finally, after subcutaneous injection in athymic nude rats we show that ciPTEC-OAT1 lack tumorigenic and oncogenic effects in vivo, confirming the in vitro findings. Taken together, this study lays an important foundation towards bioartificial kidney (BAK) development by confirming the safety of the cell line intended for incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mihajlovic
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Hariri
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen C G Westphal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam J Oost
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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44
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Identification of different gene expressions between diffuse- and intestinal-type spheroid-forming gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:967-979. [PMID: 30726523 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional in vitro spheroid models are unique because they are considered for enrichment of specific cell populations with self-renewal ability. In this study, we explored the different mechanisms of gastric cancer spheroid-forming cells according to the Lauren classification. METHODS We isolated and enriched cells with self-renewal ability using spheroid-forming methods from gastric cancer cell lines. The expression of candidate target genes was investigated using western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of target gene expression was performed and the effects on spheroid, colony forming, and tumorigenic ability were analyzed. RESULTS The SNU-638, SNU-484, MKN-28, and NCI-N87 successfully formed spheroid from single cell and enriched for self-renewal ability from 11 gastric cancer cell lines, including diffuse and intestinal types. The expression of SOX2 and E-cadherin increased in spheroid-forming cells in a diffuse-type cell line (SNU-638 and SNU-484), but not in the intestinal type (MKN-28 and NCI-N87). In contrast, ERBB3 expression was only increased in intestinal-type spheroid cells. The depletion of each candidate target gene expression suppressed self-renewal ability to grow as spheroids and colonies in a soft agar assay. In particular, down-regulated ERBB3 in the intestinal-type cell lines inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. We found that high ERBB3 gene expression correlates with decreased survival in the intestinal type of gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that diffuse- and intestinal-type spheroid-forming cells express genes differently. Our data suggest that these candidate genes from spheroid-forming cells can be used in applications in targeted therapy.
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45
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Lee JW, Sung JS, Park YS, Chung S, Kim YH. Isolation of spheroid-forming single cells from gastric cancer cell lines: enrichment of cancer stem-like cells. Biotechniques 2019; 65:197-203. [PMID: 30284938 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of spheroid-forming cells is important to investigate cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. However, conventional tumor spheroid culture methods have not proven suitable because the aggregated spheroids generally maintain their original heterogeneity and harbor multiple cells with various characteristics. Here we cultured spheroids using a polydimethylsiloxane microwell-based method and a limiting dilution protocol. We then isolated and enriched for CSCs that formed single cell-derived spheroids from gastric cancer cell lines. Cells from the microwell demonstrated higher self-renewal, increased expression of stem cell markers and resistance to apoptosis compared with spheroid cells made by the traditional method. This novel approach allows efficient cancer stem cell isolation and represents a step forward in cancer stem cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sook Sung
- Cancer Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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46
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Identifying chemopreventive agents for obesity-associated cancers using an efficient, 3D high-throughput transformation assay. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10278. [PMID: 31311976 PMCID: PMC6635484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with ~40% of cancer diagnoses but there are currently no effective preventive strategies, illustrating a need for chemoprevention. We previously demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) from adipose tissue stimulates malignant transformation, as measured by growth in soft agar, the gold-standard in vitro transformation assay. Because the soft agar assay is unsuitable for high throughput screens (HTS), we developed a novel method using 3D growth in ultra-low attachment conditions as an alternative to growth in agar to discover compounds that inhibit transformation. Treating non-tumorigenic, skin epithelial JB6 P+ cells with FGF2 stimulates growth in ultra-low attachment conditions analogous to growth in the soft agar. This transformation HTS identified picropodophyllin, an insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor, and fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, as potential chemopreventive agents. These compounds were validated for efficacy using two non-tumorigenic cell lines in soft agar. Another IGF1R inhibitor and other statins were also tested and several were able to inhibit growth in soft agar. This novel 3D HTS platform is fast, robust and has the potential to identify agents for obesity-associated cancer prevention.
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47
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Jia Y, Vong JSL, Asafova A, Garvalov BK, Caputo L, Cordero J, Singh A, Boettger T, Günther S, Fink L, Acker T, Barreto G, Seeger W, Braun T, Savai R, Dobreva G. Lamin B1 loss promotes lung cancer development and metastasis by epigenetic derepression of RET. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1377-1395. [PMID: 31015297 PMCID: PMC6547854 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although abnormal nuclear structure is an important criterion for cancer diagnostics, remarkably little is known about its relationship to tumor development. Here we report that loss of lamin B1, a determinant of nuclear architecture, plays a key role in lung cancer. We found that lamin B1 levels were reduced in lung cancer patients. Lamin B1 silencing in lung epithelial cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, tumor growth, and metastasis. Mechanistically, we show that lamin B1 recruits the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to alter the H3K27me3 landscape and repress genes involved in cell migration and signaling. In particular, epigenetic derepression of the RET proto-oncogene by loss of PRC2 recruitment, and activation of the RET/p38 signaling axis, play a crucial role in mediating the malignant phenotype upon lamin B1 disruption. Importantly, loss of a single lamin B1 allele induced spontaneous lung tumor formation and RET activation. Thus, lamin B1 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer, linking aberrant nuclear structure and epigenetic patterning with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Jia
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joaquim Si-Long Vong
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alina Asafova
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luca Caputo
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anshu Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Überregionale Gemeinschaftspraxis für Pathologie (ÜGP), Wetzlar, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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48
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Zou Y, Palte MJ, Deik AA, Li H, Eaton JK, Wang W, Tseng YY, Deasy R, Kost-Alimova M, Dančík V, Leshchiner ES, Viswanathan VS, Signoretti S, Choueiri TK, Boehm JS, Wagner BK, Doench JG, Clish CB, Clemons PA, Schreiber SL. A GPX4-dependent cancer cell state underlies the clear-cell morphology and confers sensitivity to ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1617. [PMID: 30962421 PMCID: PMC6453886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell carcinomas (CCCs) are a histological group of highly aggressive malignancies commonly originating in the kidney and ovary. CCCs are distinguished by aberrant lipid and glycogen accumulation and are refractory to a broad range of anti-cancer therapies. Here we identify an intrinsic vulnerability to ferroptosis associated with the unique metabolic state in CCCs. This vulnerability transcends lineage and genetic landscape, and can be exploited by inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) with small-molecules. Using CRISPR screening and lipidomic profiling, we identify the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway as a driver of this vulnerability. In renal CCCs, HIF-2α selectively enriches polyunsaturated lipids, the rate-limiting substrates for lipid peroxidation, by activating the expression of hypoxia-inducible, lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA). Our study suggests targeting GPX4 as a therapeutic opportunity in CCCs, and highlights that therapeutic approaches can be identified on the basis of cell states manifested by morphological and metabolic features in hard-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zou
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Amy A Deik
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Haoxin Li
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Wenyu Wang
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart L Schreiber
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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49
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Inflammatory regulatory network mediated by the joint action of NF-kB, STAT3, and AP-1 factors is involved in many human cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9453-9462. [PMID: 30910960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821068116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an inducible, inflammatory model of breast cellular transformation, we describe the transcriptional regulatory network mediated by STAT3, NF-κB, and AP-1 factors on a genomic scale. These proinflammatory regulators form transcriptional complexes that directly regulate the expression of hundreds of genes in oncogenic pathways via a positive feedback loop. This transcriptional feedback loop and associated network functions to various extents in many types of cancer cells and patient tumors, and it is the basis for a cancer inflammation index that defines cancer types by functional criteria. We identify a network of noninflammatory genes whose expression is well correlated with the cancer inflammatory index. Conversely, the cancer inflammation index is negatively correlated with the expression of genes involved in DNA metabolism, and transformation is associated with genome instability. We identify drugs whose efficacy in cell lines is correlated with the cancer inflammation index, suggesting the possibility of using this index for personalized cancer therapy. Inflammatory tumors are preferentially associated with infiltrating immune cells that might be recruited to the site of the tumor via inflammatory molecules produced by the cancer cells.
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Savini C, Yang R, Savelyeva L, Göckel-Krzikalla E, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Westermann F, Rösl F. Folate Repletion after Deficiency Induces Irreversible Genomic and Transcriptional Changes in Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV16)-Immortalized Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051100. [PMID: 30836646 PMCID: PMC6429418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of micronutrients like folate is a double-edged sword in terms of their ambivalent role in cell metabolism. Although several epidemiological studies support a protective role of folate in carcinogenesis, there are also data arguing for an opposite effect. To address this issue in the context of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced transformation, the molecular events of different folate availability on human keratinocytes immortalized by HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins were examined. Several sublines were established: Control (4.5 µM folate), folate deficient (0.002 µM folate), and repleted cells (4.5 µM folate). Cells were analyzed in terms of oncogene expression, DNA damage and repair, karyotype changes, whole-genome sequencing, and transcriptomics. Here we show that folate depletion irreversibly induces DNA damage, impairment of DNA repair fidelity, and unique chromosomal alterations. Repleted cells additionally underwent growth advantage and enhanced clonogenicity, while the above mentioned impaired molecular properties became even more pronounced. Overall, it appears that a period of folate deficiency followed by repletion can shape immortalized cells toward an anomalous phenotype, thereby potentially contributing to carcinogenesis. These observations should elicit questions and inquiries for broader additional studies regarding folate fortification programs, especially in developing countries with micronutrient deficiencies and high HPV prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Savini
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ruwen Yang
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Larisa Savelyeva
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Elke Göckel-Krzikalla
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Omics IT and Data Management, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Rösl
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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