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Saisomboon S, Kariya R, Mahalapbutr P, Insawang T, Sawanyawisuth K, Cha’on U, Rungrotmongkol T, Wongkham S, Jitrapakdee S, Okada S, Vaeteewoottacharn K. Augmented Global Protein Acetylation Diminishes Cell Growth and Migration of Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10170. [PMID: 39337655 PMCID: PMC11432552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the overexpression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) was associated with the poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients, and suppression of its expression in CCA cell lines deteriorated cell growth. The present study explored the mechanism by which ACC1 inhibition affects global protein acetylation, using genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition with an ACC1 inhibitor ND-646 as models. Both ACC1 knockdown and ACC1-inhibitor-treated cells displayed the hyperacetylation of proteins, accompanied by impaired growth and migration. The immunoprecipitation of hyperacetylated proteins using the anti-acetylated lysine antibody, followed by tandem mass spectrometry, identified three potential verification candidates, namely POTE ankyrin domain family member E, peroxisomal biogenesis factor 1, and heat shock protein 90 beta (HSP90B). HSP90 acetylation was the candidate selected for the verification of protein acetylation. To establish the effects of protein hyperacetylation, treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a lysine deacetylase inhibitor, was conducted, and this served as an independent model. Decreased tumor growth but increased acetylated protein levels were observed in ACC1-KD xenograft tumors. Hyperacetylated-alleviated cell growth and migration were consistently observed in the SAHA-treated models. The molecular linkage between protein hyperacetylation and the AKT/GSK3β/Snail pathway was demonstrated. This study highlighted the importance of protein acetylation in CCA progression, suggesting that ACC1 and KDAC are potential targets for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluk Saisomboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.W.)
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection and Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; (R.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection and Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; (R.K.); (S.O.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Cellular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.W.)
- Center of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tonkla Insawang
- Research Instrument Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.W.)
- Center of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha’on
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduated School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.W.)
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection and Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; (R.K.); (S.O.)
- Center of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection and Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; (R.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.S.); (P.M.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.W.)
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection and Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; (R.K.); (S.O.)
- Center of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Hass DT, Pandey K, Engel A, Horton N, Haydinger CD, Robbings BM, Lim RR, Sadilek M, Zhang Q, Gulette GA, Li A, Xu L, Miller JML, Chao JR, Hurley JB. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Inhibition increases retinal pigment epithelial cell fatty acid flux and restricts apolipoprotein efflux. J Biol Chem 2024:107772. [PMID: 39276938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-rich deposits called drusen accumulate under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (SFD). Drusen may contribute to photoreceptor and RPE degeneration in these blinding diseases. We hypothesize that stimulating β-oxidation of fatty acids could decrease the availability of lipid with which RPE cells can generate drusen. Inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) stimulate β-oxidation and diminish lipid accumulation in fatty liver disease. In this report we test the hypothesis that an ACC inhibitor, Firsocostat, can diminish lipid deposition by RPE cells. We probed metabolism and cellular function in mouse RPE-choroid tissue and in cultured human RPE cells. We used 13C6-glucose, 13C16-palmitate, and gas chromatography-linked mass spectrometry to monitor effects of Firsocostat on glycolytic, Krebs cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. We quantified lipid abundance, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and localized ApoE deposits by immunostaining. RPE barrier function was assessed by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Firsocostat-mediated ACC inhibition increases β-oxidation, decreases intracellular lipid levels, diminishes lipoprotein release, and increases TEER. When human serum or outer segments are used to stimulate lipoprotein release, fewer lipoproteins are released in the presence of either lipid source and Firsocostat. In a culture model of SFD, Firsocostat stimulates fatty acid oxidation, increases TEER, and decreases ApoE release. We conclude that Firsocostat remodels RPE metabolism and can limit lipid deposition. This suggests that ACC inhibition could be an effective strategy for diminishing pathologic drusen in the eyes of patients with AMD or SFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Hass
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98109.
| | - Kriti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98109
| | - Abbi Engel
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Hospital, Seattle WA, 98105
| | - Noah Horton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98109
| | | | - Brian M Robbings
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Rayne R Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109
| | - Martin Sadilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109
| | - Qitao Zhang
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Gillian A Gulette
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jason M L Miller
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jennifer R Chao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109
| | - James B Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98109; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109.
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Zhao Y, Luo F, Jiao F, Tang T, Wu S, Wang F, Zhao X. Combined toxic effects of fluxapyroxad and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Xenopus laevis larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142685. [PMID: 38909862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials rarely exist in isolation in the natural environment, and their combined effects cannot be ignored. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have shown tremendous potential applications in diverse fields, including pollution remediation, biomedicine, energy, and smart agriculture. However, the combined toxicities of MWCNTs and pesticides on non-target organisms, particularly amphibians, are often overlooked. Fluxapyroxad (FLX), a significant succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has been extensively utilized for the protection of food and cash crops and control of fungi. This raises the possibility of coexistence of MWCNTs and FLX. The objective of this study was to explore the individual and combined toxic effects of FLX and MWCNTs on the early life stages of Xenopus laevis. Embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of FLX (0, 5, and 50 μg/L) either alone or in combination with MWCNTs (100 μg/L) for a duration of 17 days. The findings indicated that co-exposure to FLX and MWCNTs worsened the inhibition of growth, liver damage, and dysregulation of enzymatic activity in tadpoles. Liver transcriptomic analysis further revealed that the presence of MWCNTs exacerbated the disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism caused by FLX. Additionally, the combined exposure groups exhibited amplified alterations in the composition and function of the gut microflora. Our study suggests that it is imperative to pay greater attention to the agricultural applications, management and ecological risks of MWCNTs in the future, considering MWCNTs may significantly enhance the toxicity of FLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Kwon Y, Gottmann P, Wang S, Tissink J, Motzler K, Sekar R, Albrecht W, Cadenas C, Hengstler JG, Schürmann A, Zeigerer A. Induction of steatosis in primary human hepatocytes recapitulates key pathophysiological aspects of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)02347-X. [PMID: 38977136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Owing to limited available treatment options, novel pre-clinical models for target selection and drug validation are warranted. We have established and extensively characterized a primary human steatotic hepatocyte in vitro model system that could guide the development of treatment strategies for MASLD. METHODS Cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes from five donors varying in sex and ethnicity were cultured with free fatty acids in a 3D collagen sandwich for 7 days and the development of MASLD was followed by assessing classical hepatocellular functions. As proof of concept, the effects of the drug firsocostat (GS-0976) on in vitro MASLD phenotypes were evaluated. RESULTS Incubation with free fatty acids induced steatosis, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and alterations in prominent human gene signatures similar to patients with MASLD, indicating the recapitulation of human MASLD in this system. The application of firsocostat rescued clinically observed fatty liver disease pathologies, highlighting the ability of the in vitro system to test the efficacy and potentially characterize the mode of action of drug candidates. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our human MASLD in vitro model system could guide the development and validation of novel targets and drugs for the treatment of MASLD. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Due to low drug efficacy and high toxicity, clinical treatment options for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are currently limited. To facilitate earlier stop-go decisions in drug development, we have established a primary human steatotic hepatocyte in vitro model. As the model recapitulates clinically relevant MASLD characteristics at high phenotypic resolution, it can serve as a pre-screening platform and guide target identification and validation in MASLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kwon
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Department of Experimental Diabetology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Surui Wang
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joel Tissink
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Motzler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Revathi Sekar
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Department of Toxicology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Department of Toxicology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Department of Toxicology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Department of Experimental Diabetology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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Singal AK, Shah VH, Malhi H. Emerging targets for therapy in ALD: Lessons from NASH. Hepatology 2024; 80:223-237. [PMID: 36938877 PMCID: PMC10511666 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease due to harmful alcohol use and NAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome are the 2 most common liver diseases worldwide. Control of respective risk factors is the cornerstone in the long-term management of these diseases. Furthermore, there are no effective therapies. Both diseases are characterized by metabolic derangements; thus, the focus of this review was to broaden our understanding of metabolic targets investigated in NAFLD, and how these can be applied to alcohol-associated liver disease. Conserved pathogenic pathways such as dysregulated lipid metabolism, cell death pathways including apoptosis and activation of innate immune cells, and stellate cells mediate both alcohol and NAFLDs, resulting in histological abnormalities of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. However, pathways such as gut microbiome changes, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, inflammatory signaling, and microRNA abnormalities are distinct in these 2 diseases. In this review article, we describe conserved and distinct pathogenic pathways highlighting therapeutic targets that may be of potential in both diseases and those that are unique to each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani K. Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Avera Transplant Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- VA Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Deja S, Fletcher JA, Kim CW, Kucejova B, Fu X, Mizerska M, Villegas M, Pudelko-Malik N, Browder N, Inigo-Vollmer M, Menezes CJ, Mishra P, Berglund ED, Browning JD, Thyfault JP, Young JD, Horton JD, Burgess SC. Hepatic malonyl-CoA synthesis restrains gluconeogenesis by suppressing fat oxidation, pyruvate carboxylation, and amino acid availability. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1088-1104.e12. [PMID: 38447582 PMCID: PMC11081827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) promotes prandial liver metabolism by producing malonyl-CoA, a substrate for de novo lipogenesis and an inhibitor of CPT-1-mediated fat oxidation. We report that inhibition of ACC also produces unexpected secondary effects on metabolism. Liver-specific double ACC1/2 knockout (LDKO) or pharmacologic inhibition of ACC increased anaplerosis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, and gluconeogenesis by activating hepatic CPT-1 and pyruvate carboxylase flux in the fed state. Fasting should have marginalized the role of ACC, but LDKO mice maintained elevated TCA cycle intermediates and preserved glycemia during fasting. These effects were accompanied by a compensatory induction of proteolysis and increased amino acid supply for gluconeogenesis, which was offset by increased protein synthesis during feeding. Such adaptations may be related to Nrf2 activity, which was induced by ACC inhibition and correlated with fasting amino acids. The findings reveal unexpected roles for malonyl-CoA synthesis in liver and provide insight into the broader effects of pharmacologic ACC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Blanka Kucejova
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Morgan Villegas
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Natalia Pudelko-Malik
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas Browder
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Melissa Inigo-Vollmer
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Cameron J Menezes
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Eric D Berglund
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Browning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Internal Medicine and KU Diabetes Institute, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
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Yuan Q, Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang Q, Wei X, Ding Z, Chen J, Hua H, Huang D, Xu Y, Wang X, Gao C, Liu S, Zhang H. Knockdown of ACOT4 alleviates gluconeogenesis and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27618. [PMID: 38495177 PMCID: PMC10940928 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 (ACOT4) has been reported to be related to acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity regulation; However, its exact functions in liver lipid and glucose metabolism are still unclear. Here, we discovered explored the regulatory roles of ACOT4 in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in vitro. We found that the expression level of ACOT4 was significantly increased in the hepatic of db/db and ob/ob mice as well as obese mice fed a high fat diet. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ACOT4 promoted gluconeogenesis and high-glucose/high-insulin-induced lipid accumulation and impaired insulin sensitivity in primary mouse hepatocytes, whereas ACOT4 knockdown notably suppressed gluconeogenesis and decreased the triglycerides accumulation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, ACOT4 knockdown increased insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β in primary mouse hepatocytes. Mechanistically, we found that upregulation of ACOT4 expression inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and its knockdown had the opposite effect. However, activator A769662 and inhibitor compound C of AMPK suppressed the impact of the change in ACOT4 expression on AMPK activity. Our data indicated that ACOT4 is related to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, primarily via the regulation of AMPK activity. In conclusion, ACOT4 is a potential target for the therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Zhimin Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hongting Hua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yongxia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Anhui Geriatric Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chaobing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Shengxiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
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8
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Cao M, Li X, Dong L, Wen H, Jiang M, Lu X, Huang F, Tian J. Molecular cloning and gene expression of acc2 from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the regulation of glucose metabolism by ACCs inhibitor. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:402. [PMID: 38456942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA, which plays a key role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, is not only a substrate for fatty acid synthesis but also an inhibitor of the oxidation pathway. ACC exists as two isoenzymes that are encoded by two different genes. ACC1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) has been cloned and sequenced. However, studies on the cloning, tissue distribution, and function of ACC2 in grass carp were still rare. METHODS AND RESULTS The full-length cDNA of acc2 was 8537 bp with a 7146 bp open reading frame encoding 2381 amino acids. ACC2 had a calculated molecular weight of 268.209 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.85. ACC2 of the grass carp shared the closest relationship with that of the common carp (Sinocyclocheilus grahami). The expressions of acc1 and acc2 mRNA were detected in all examined tissues. The expression level of acc1 was high in the brain and fat but absent in the midgut and hindgut. The expression level of acc2 in the kidney was significantly higher than in other tissues, followed by the heart, brain, muscle, and spleen. ACCs inhibitor significantly reduced the levels of glucose, malonyl-CoA, and triglyceride in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the function of ACC2 was evolutionarily conserved from fish to mammals. ACCs inhibitor inhibited the biological activity of ACCs, and reduced fat accumulation in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxia Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Wudayuan 1st Road, Donghu Hi-tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Wudayuan 1st Road, Donghu Hi-tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Lixue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Wudayuan 1st Road, Donghu Hi-tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Wudayuan 1st Road, Donghu Hi-tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Wudayuan 1st Road, Donghu Hi-tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Wudayuan 1st Road, Donghu Hi-tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Hubei Province, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Juan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Wudayuan 1st Road, Donghu Hi-tech Development Zone, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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9
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Liu B, Liu C, Chai X, Fan X, Huang T, Zhan J, Zhu Q, Zeng D, Gong Z, He L, Yang Y, Zhou X, Jiang B, Zhang X, Liu M. Real-Time NMR-Based Drug Discovery to Identify Inhibitors against Fatty Acid Synthesis in Living Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38334355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal fatty acid metabolism is recognized as a key driver of tumor development and progression. Although numerous inhibitors have been developed to target this pathway, finding drugs with high specificity that do not disrupt normal cellular metabolism remains a formidable challenge. In this paper, we introduced a novel real-time NMR-based drug screening technique that operates within living cells. This technique provides a direct way to putatively identify molecular targets involved in specific metabolic processes, making it a powerful tool for cell-based drug screening. Using 2-13C acetate as a tracer, combined with 3D cell clusters and a bioreactor system, our approach enables real-time detection of inhibitors that target fatty acid metabolism within living cells. As a result, we successfully demonstrated the initial application of this method in the discovery of traditional Chinese medicines that specifically target fatty acid metabolism. Elucidating the mechanisms behind herbal medicines remains challenging due to the complex nature of their compounds and the presence of multiple targets. Remarkably, our findings demonstrate the significant inhibitory effect of P. cocos on fatty acid synthesis within cells, illustrating the potential of this approach in analyzing fatty acid metabolism events and identifying drug candidates that selectively inhibit fatty acid synthesis at the cellular level. Moreover, this systematic approach represents a valuable strategy for discovering the intricate effects of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Chai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qinjun Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Danyun Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichun He
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
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10
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Esler WP, Cohen DE. Pharmacologic inhibition of lipogenesis for the treatment of NAFLD. J Hepatol 2024; 80:362-377. [PMID: 37977245 PMCID: PMC10842769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The hepatic accumulation of excess triglycerides is a seminal event in the initiation and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic steatosis occurs when the hepatic accrual of fatty acids from the plasma and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is no longer balanced by rates of fatty acid oxidation and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein-triglycerides. Accumulating data indicate that increased rates of DNL are central to the development of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. Whereas the main drivers in NAFLD are transcriptional, owing to both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycaemia, the effectors of DNL are a series of well-characterised enzymes. Several have proven amenable to pharmacologic inhibition or oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown, with lead compounds showing liver fat-lowering efficacy in phase II clinical trials. In humans with NAFLD, percent reductions in liver fat have closely mirrored percent inhibition of DNL, thereby affirming the critical contributions of DNL to NAFLD pathogenesis. The safety profiles of these compounds have so far been encouraging. It is anticipated that inhibitors of DNL, when administered alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, will become important agents in the management of human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139 United States.
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 United States.
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11
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Zhou Y, Zhang MX, Sun M, Wan LS, Chen JS, Zhang ZX. Effects of the Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Pyriproxyfen, and Tebufenozide on the Fatty Acid Metabolome of Bactrocera Dorsalis Larvae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1462-1472. [PMID: 38197605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Insects' lipids, including fatty acids, as the second largest constituents in insects, play a variety of fundamental and vital functions. However, there is a lack of reports on the effects of insect growth regulators on fatty acid profiles and metabolic mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, a comparative study of three growth regulators, azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide, on fatty acids was carried out using a targeted metabolomics approach to fill this gap. The results showed that when exposed to azadirachtin, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide, there were 14, 17, and 11 differentially regulated fatty acids, respectively. The pathway of biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was the common shared pathway, while fatty acid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were the specific pathways affected by the 3 insect growth regulators. Therefore, the results could be helpful to deepen the effects of azadirachtin and insect growth regulators on terrestrial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min Xing Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404155, China
| | - Miao Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Lu Sheng Wan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Jing Sheng Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Zhi Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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12
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Chen T, Yao J, Quan K, Xu J, Hang X, Tong Q, Liu G, Luo P, Zeng L, Feng G, Bi H. Repurposing a human acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor firsocostat to treat fungal candidiasis alone and in combination. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0113123. [PMID: 38018962 PMCID: PMC10777831 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01131-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic fungal infections, particularly caused by Candida albicans, remain a common cause of high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The escalating prevalence of antifungal drug resistance necessitates the immediate exploration of alternative treatment strategies to combat these life-threatening fungal diseases. In this study, we investigated the antifungal efficacy of firsocostat, a human acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor, against C. albicans. Firsocostat alone displayed moderate antifungal activity, while combining it with voriconazole, itraconazole, or amphotericin B exhibited synergistic effects across almost all drug-sensitive and drug-resistant C. albicans strains tested. These observed synergies were further validated in two mouse models of oropharyngeal and systemic candidiasis, where the combination therapies demonstrated superior fungicidal effects compared to monotherapy. Moreover, firsocostat was shown to directly bind to C. albicans ACC and inhibit its enzymatic activity. Sequencing spontaneous firsocostat-resistant mutants revealed mutations mapping to C. albicans ACC, confirming that firsocostat has retained its target in C. albicans. Overall, our findings suggest that repurposing firsocostat, either alone or in combination with other antifungal agents, holds promising potential in the development of antifungal drugs and the treatment of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keao Quan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingchen Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Hang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wujin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ganzhu Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongkai Bi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Wu YP, Zheng WC, Huang Q, Huang XY, Lin F, Ke ZB, You Q, Zheng QS, Wei Y, Xue XY, Xu N. ND630 controls ACACA and lipid reprogramming in prostate cancer by regulating the expression of circKIF18B_003. J Transl Med 2023; 21:877. [PMID: 38049827 PMCID: PMC10694902 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ND630 is believed to be a new therapy pharmacologic molecule in targeting the expression of ACACA and regulating the lipid metabolism. However, the function of ND630 in prostate cancer remains unknown. KIF18B, as an oncogene, plays a vital role in prostate cancer progression. circKIF18B_003 was derived from oncogene KIF18B and was markedly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues. We speculated that oncoprotein KIF18B-derived circRNA circKIF18B_003 might have roles in prostate cancer promotion. The aim of this study was to validate whether ND630 could control ACACA and lipid reprogramming in prostate cancer by regulating the expression of circKIF18B_003. METHODS RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression of circKIF18B_003 in prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer samples. circKIF18B_003 expression was modulated in prostate cancer cells using circKIF18B_003 interference or overexpression plasmid. We examined the function and effects of circKIF18B_003 in prostate cancer cells using CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays and xenograft models. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to evaluate the localization of circKIF18B_003. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull down, and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore the potential mechanism of circKIF18B_003. RESULTS The function of ND630 was determined in this study. circKIF18B_003 was overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues, and overexpression of circKIF18B_003 was associated with poor survival outcome of prostate cancer patients. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells were enhanced after up-regulation of circKIF18B_003. circKIF18B_003 is mainly located in the cytoplasm of prostate cancer cells, and the RIP and RNA pull down assays confirmed that circKIF18B_003 could act as a sponge for miR-370-3p. Further study demonstrated that up-regulation of circKIF18B_003 increased the expression of ACACA by sponging miR-370-3p. The malignant ability of prostate cancer cells enhanced by overexpression of circKIF18B_003 was reversed by the down-regulation of ACACA. We found that overexpression of circKIF18B_003 was associated with lipid metabolism, and a combination of ND-630 and docetaxel markedly attenuated tumor growth. CONCLUSION ND630 could control ACACA and lipid reprogramming in prostate cancer by regulating the expression of circKIF18B_003. ND630 and circKIF18B_003 may represent a novel target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Wu
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Wen-Cai Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Xu-Yun Huang
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ke
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Qi You
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Qing-Shui Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Urology, National Region Medical Centre, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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14
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Rao G, Peng X, Li X, An K, He H, Fu X, Li S, An Z. Unmasking the enigma of lipid metabolism in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: from mechanism to the clinic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1294267. [PMID: 38089874 PMCID: PMC10711211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1294267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly defined as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a disorder marked by the excessive deposition of lipids in the liver, giving rise to a spectrum of liver pathologies encompassing steatohepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the alarming increase in its prevalence, the US Food and Drug Administration has yet to approve effective pharmacological therapeutics for clinical use. MASLD is characterized by the accretion of lipids within the hepatic system, arising from a disarray in lipid provision (whether through the absorption of circulating lipids or de novo lipogenesis) and lipid elimination (via free fatty acid oxidation or the secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins). This disarray leads to the accumulation of lipotoxic substances, cellular pressure, damage, and fibrosis. Indeed, the regulation of the lipid metabolism pathway is intricate and multifaceted, involving a myriad of factors, such as membrane transport proteins, metabolic enzymes, and transcription factors. Here, we will review the existing literature on the key process of lipid metabolism in MASLD to understand the latest progress in this molecular mechanism. Notably, de novo lipogenesis and the roles of its two main transcription factors and other key metabolic enzymes are highlighted. Furthermore, we will delve into the realm of drug research, examining the recent progress made in understanding lipid metabolism in MASLD. Additionally, we will outline prospective avenues for future drug research on MASLD based on our unique perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xinqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang An
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Multimorbidity Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Hass DT, Pandey K, Engel A, Horton N, Robbings BM, Lim R, Sadilek M, Zhang Q, Autterson GA, Miller JML, Chao JR, Hurley JB. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Inhibition increases RPE cell fatty acid oxidation and limits apolipoprotein efflux. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566117. [PMID: 37986876 PMCID: PMC10659357 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (SFD), lipid-rich deposits known as drusen accumulate under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Drusen may contribute to photoreceptor and RPE degeneration in AMD and SFD. We hypothesize that stimulating β-oxidation in RPE will reduce drusen accumulation. Inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) stimulate β-oxidation and diminish lipid accumulation in fatty liver disease. In this report we test the hypothesis that an ACC inhibitor, Firsocostat, limits the accumulation of lipid deposits in cultured RPE cells. Methods We probed metabolism and cellular function in mouse RPE-choroid, human fetal- derived RPE cells, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells. We used 13 C6-glucose and 13 C16-palmitate to determine the effects of Firsocostat on glycolytic, Krebs cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. 13 C labeling of metabolites in these pathways were analyzed using gas chromatography-linked mass spectrometry. We quantified ApoE and VEGF release using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Immunostaining of sectioned RPE was used to visualize ApoE deposits. RPE function was assessed by measuring the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Results ACC inhibition with Firsocostat increases fatty acid oxidation and remodels lipid composition, glycolytic metabolism, lipoprotein release, and enhances TEER. When human serum is used to induce sub-RPE lipoprotein accumulation, fewer lipoproteins accumulate with Firsocostat. In a culture model of Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, Firsocostat also stimulates fatty acid oxidation, improves morphology, and increases TEER. Conclusions Firsocostat remodels intracellular metabolism and improves RPE resilience to serum-induced lipid deposition. This effect of ACC inhibition suggests that it could be an effective strategy for diminishing drusen accumulation in the eyes of patients with AMD.
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16
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Mallick R, Bhowmik P, Duttaroy AK. Targeting fatty acid uptake and metabolism in cancer cells: A promising strategy for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115591. [PMID: 37774669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite scientific development, cancer is still a fatal disease. The development of cancer is thought to be significantly influenced by fatty acids. Several mechanisms that control fatty acid absorption and metabolism are reported to be altered in cancer cells to support their survival. Cancer cells can use de novo synthesis or uptake of extracellular fatty acid if one method is restricted. This factor makes it more difficult to target one pathway while failing to treat the disease properly. Side effects may also arise if several inhibitors simultaneously target many targets. If a viable inhibitor could work on several routes, the number of negative effects might be reduced. Comparative investigations against cell viability have found several potent natural and manmade substances. In this review, we discuss the complex roles that fatty acids play in the development of tumors and the progression of cancer, newly discovered and potentially effective natural and synthetic compounds that block the uptake and metabolism of fatty acids, the adverse side effects that can occur when multiple inhibitors are used to treat cancer, and emerging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Prasenjit Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Yuan S, Tian S, Meng C, Ji F, Zhou B, Rushdi HE, Ye M. The Identification of Functional Genes Affecting Fat-Related Meat Traits in Meat-Type Pigeons Using Double-Digest Restriction-Associated DNA Sequencing and Molecular Docking Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3256. [PMID: 37893980 PMCID: PMC10603692 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese indigenous Shiqi (SQ) pigeon and the imported White King (WK) pigeon are two meat-type pigeon breeds of economical and nutritional importance in China. They displayed significant differences in such meat quality traits as intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) compositions in the breast muscles. In this study, we aimed to screen candidate genes that could affect fat-related meat quality traits in meat-type pigeons. We investigated the polymorphic variations at the genomic level using double-digest restriction-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing in 12 squabs of SQ and WK pigeons that exhibited significant inter-breed differences in IMF content as well as FA and amino acid compositions in the breast muscles, and screened candidate genes influencing fat-related traits in squabs through gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis. By focusing on 6019 SNPs, which were located in genes with correct annotations and had the potential to induce changes in the encoded proteins, we identified 19 genes (ACAA1, ACAA2, ACACB, ACADS, ACAT1, ACOX3, ACSBG1, ACSBG2, ACSL1, ACSL4, ELOVL6, FADS1, FADS2, HACD4, HADH, HADHA, HADHB, MECR, OXSM) as candidate genes that could affect fat-related traits in squabs. They were significantly enriched in the pathways of FA metabolism, degradation, and biosynthesis (p < 0.05). Results from molecular docking analysis further revealed that three non-synonymous amino acid alterations, ACAA1(S357N), ACAA2(T234I), and ACACB(H1418N), could alter the non-bonding interactions between the enzymatic proteins and their substrates. Since ACAA1, ACAA2, and ACACB encode rate-limiting enzymes in FA synthesis and degradation, alterations in the enzyme-substrate binding affinity may subsequently affect the catalytic efficiency of enzymes. We suggested that SNPs in these three genes were worthy of further investigation into their roles in explaining the disparities in fat-related traits in squabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yuan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Shaoqi Tian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Chuang Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100089, China;
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Hossam E. Rushdi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Manhong Ye
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (S.Y.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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18
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Buyl K, Vrints M, Fernando R, Desmae T, Van Eeckhoutte T, Jans M, Van Der Schueren J, Boeckmans J, Rodrigues RM, De Boe V, Rogiers V, De Kock J, Beirinckx F, Vanhaecke T. Human skin stem cell-derived hepatic cells as in vitro drug discovery model for insulin-driven de novo lipogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175989. [PMID: 37572939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation and can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), activated by glucose and insulin, is a central pathway contributing to early-stage development of MASLD. The emerging global prevalence of MASLD highlights the urgent need for pharmaceutical intervention to combat this health threat. However, the identification of novel drugs that could inhibit hepatic DNL is hampered by a lack of reliable, insulin-sensitive, human, in vitro, hepatic models. Here, we report human skin stem cell-derived hepatic cells (hSKP-HPC) as a unique in vitro model to study insulin-driven DNL (iDNL), evidenced by both gene expression and lipid accumulation readouts. Insulin-sensitive hSKP-HPC showed increased sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression, a key transcription factor for DNL. Furthermore, this physiologically relevant in vitro human steatosis model allowed both inhibition and activation of the iDNL pathway using reference inhibitors and activators, respectively. Optimisation of the lipid accumulation assay to a high-throughput, 384-well format enabled the screening of a library of annotated compounds, delivering new insights on key players in the iDNL pathway and MASLD pathophysiology. Together, these results establish the value of the hSKP-HPC model in preclinical development of antisteatotic drugs to combat MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Buyl
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Martine Vrints
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ruani Fernando
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Terry Desmae
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Eeckhoutte
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Mia Jans
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Der Schueren
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Joost Boeckmans
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle De Boe
- Department of Urology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ-Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Beirinckx
- Galapagos NV, Industriepark Mechelen Noord, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, B-2880, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Limberakis C, Smith AC, Bagley SW, Yayla HG, Kung DW, Griffith DA. Convergent Syntheses of Isomeric Imidazolospiroketones as Templates for Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13727-13740. [PMID: 37751412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of imidazole fused spirocyclic ketones as templates for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors is reported. By completing the spirocyclic ring closure via divergent pathways, the synthesis of these regioisomers from common intermediates was developed. Through an aldehyde homologation/transmetalation strategy, one isomer was formed selectively. The second desired isomer was obtained via an intramolecular aromatic homolytic substitution reaction. Preparation of these isomeric spiroketones provided templates which, upon elaboration, led to key structure-activity relationship (SAR) points for delivery of potent ACC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Limberakis
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron C Smith
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scott W Bagley
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hatice G Yayla
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Kung
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David A Griffith
- Pfizer Medicine Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Yi Y, Lan X, Li Y, Yan C, Lv J, Zhang T, Jiang W. Fatty acid synthesis and oxidation regulate human endoderm differentiation by mediating SMAD3 nuclear localization via acetylation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1670-1687.e4. [PMID: 37516106 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic remodeling is one of the earliest events that occur during cell differentiation. Here, we define fatty acid metabolism as a key player in definitive endoderm differentiation from human embryonic stem cells. Fatty acid β-oxidation is enhanced while lipogenesis is decreased, and this is due to the phosphorylation of lipogenic enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase by AMPK. More importantly, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by either its inhibitors or AMPK agonist significantly promotes human endoderm differentiation, while blockade of fatty acid oxidation impairs differentiation. Mechanistically, reduced de novo fatty acid synthesis and enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation both contribute to the accumulation of intracellular acetyl-CoA, which guarantees the acetylation of SMAD3 and further causes nuclear localization to promote endoderm differentiation. Thus, our current study identifies a fatty acid synthesis/oxidation shift during early differentiation and presents an instructive role for fatty acid metabolism in regulating human endoderm differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yi
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianchun Lan
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yinglei Li
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chenchao Yan
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; College of Life Science, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Tianzhe Zhang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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21
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Matsukawa T, Yagi T, Uchida T, Sakai M, Mitsushima M, Naganuma T, Yano H, Inaba Y, Inoue H, Yanagida K, Uematsu M, Nakao K, Nakao H, Aiba A, Nagashima Y, Kubota T, Kubota N, Izumida Y, Yahagi N, Unoki-Kubota H, Kaburagi Y, Asahara SI, Kido Y, Shindou H, Itoh M, Ogawa Y, Minami S, Terauchi Y, Tobe K, Ueki K, Kasuga M, Matsumoto M. Hepatic FASN deficiency differentially affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes in mouse obesity models. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e161282. [PMID: 37681411 PMCID: PMC10544238 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes are interacting comorbidities of obesity, and increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), driven by hyperinsulinemia and carbohydrate overload, contributes to their pathogenesis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme of hepatic DNL, is upregulated in association with insulin resistance. However, the therapeutic potential of targeting FASN in hepatocytes for obesity-associated metabolic diseases is unknown. Here, we show that hepatic FASN deficiency differentially affects NAFLD and diabetes depending on the etiology of obesity. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of FASN ameliorated NAFLD and diabetes in melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice but not in mice with diet-induced obesity. In leptin-deficient mice, FASN ablation alleviated hepatic steatosis and improved glucose tolerance but exacerbated fed hyperglycemia and liver dysfunction. The beneficial effects of hepatic FASN deficiency on NAFLD and glucose metabolism were associated with suppression of DNL and attenuation of gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, respectively. The exacerbation of fed hyperglycemia by FASN ablation in leptin-deficient mice appeared attributable to impairment of hepatic glucose uptake triggered by glycogen accumulation and citrate-mediated inhibition of glycolysis. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of hepatic FASN inhibition for NAFLD and diabetes in humans should thus consider the etiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Matsukawa
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tohru Uchida
- Department of Nutrition Management, Faculty of Health Science, Hyogo University, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mitsushima
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Naganuma
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Inaba
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, and
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, and
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Nakao
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Izumida
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Unoki-Kubota
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kaburagi
- Department of Diabetic Complications, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-ichiro Asahara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Division of Medical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism and Disease, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Itoh
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome and Nutritional Science, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Minami
- Department of Bioregulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kasuga
- The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Arikan FB, Ulas M, Ustundag Y, Boyunaga H, Badem ND. Investigation of the relationship between betatrophin and certain key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant mice. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023; 44:311-320. [PMID: 36869875 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study sought to examine the relationship of betatrophin with certain key enzymes, namely lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH5), citrate synthase (CS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1), in insulin-resistant mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL6/J mice were used in this study (experimental group n=10 and control group n=10). S961 was administered using an osmotic pump to induce insulin resistance in the mice. The betatrophin, LDH5, CS, and ACC1 expression levels were determined from the livers of the mice using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Moreover, biochemical parameters such as the serum betatrophin, fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were analyzed. RESULTS The betatrophin expression and serum betatrophin (p=0.000), fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride (p≤0.001), and total cholesterol (p=0.013) levels were increased in the experimental group. In addition, the CS gene expression level was statistically significantly decreased in the experimental group (p=0.01). Although strong correlation was found between the expression and serum betatrophin and triglyceride levels, no correlation was found between the betatrophin gene expression and the LDH5, ACC1, and CS gene expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The betatrophin level appears to play an important role in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism, while insulin resistance increases both the betatrophin gene expression and serum levels and decreases the CS expression level. The findings suggest that betatrophin may not regulate carbohydrate metabolism through CS and LDH5 or lipid metabolism directly through the ACC1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Bulut Arikan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Ulas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Fırat University, Elazığ, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Ustundag
- Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Anatomy, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Boyunaga
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Medipol University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Nermin Dindar Badem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
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23
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Duarte Lau F, Giugliano RP. Adenosine Triphosphate Citrate Lyase and Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibition: A Narrative Review. JAMA Cardiol 2023; 8:879-887. [PMID: 37585218 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Importance Adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key regulatory enzyme of glucose metabolism, cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, and the inflammatory cascade. Bempedoic acid, an ACLY inhibitor, significantly reduces atherogenic lipid markers, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. Additional effects of ACLY inhibition include antitumor growth; reduction of triglycerides and proinflammatory molecules such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; less insulin resistance; reduction of hepatic lipogenesis; and weight loss. Observations While numerous ACLY inhibitors have been identified, most of the clinical data have focused on bempedoic acid. The Cholesterol Lowering via Bempedoic Acid, an ACL-Inhibiting Regimen (CLEAR) program was a series of phase 3 clinical trials that evaluated its effects on lipid parameters and safety, leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2020. CLEAR Outcomes was a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in individuals with a history of statin intolerance, serum LDL-C level of 100 mg/dL or higher, and a history of, or at high risk for, cardiovascular disease. Bempedoic acid modestly reduced the primary 4-way cardiovascular composite end point as well as the individual components of myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization but did not reduce stroke, cardiovascular death, or all-cause mortality. Rates of gout and cholelithiasis were higher with bempedoic acid, and small increases in serum creatinine, uric acid, and hepatic-enzyme levels were also observed. Conclusions and relevance ACLY inhibition with bempedoic acid has been established as a safe and effective therapy in high-risk patients who require further LDL-C lowering, particularly for those with a history of statin intolerance. The recently published CLEAR Outcomes trial revealed modest reductions in cardiovascular events with bempedoic acid, proportional to its LDL-C lowering, in high-risk individuals with statin intolerance and LDL-C levels of 100 mg/dL or higher. The additional effects of ACLY inhibition have prompted a more thorough search for novel ACLY inhibitors for conditions such as cancer, hypertriglyceridemia, chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Similarly, therapies that reduce fatty acid synthesis are being explored for their use in cardiometabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert P Giugliano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zhao J, Yan S, Li M, Sun L, Dong M, Yin M, Shen J, Zhao Z. NPFR regulates the synthesis and metabolism of lipids and glycogen via AMPK: Novel targets for efficient corn borer management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125816. [PMID: 37451386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
RNA biopesticides are regarded as "the third revolution in the history of pesticides" due to their extensive advantages such as precision, high efficiency, green, pollution-free, etc. In the current study, two target genes encoding neuropeptide F receptor (NPFR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which are essential for insect feeding, cellular energy homeostasis and nutrient availability, were selected to design RNA pesticides. We achieved high RNA interference (RNAi) efficiency of npfr via a star polycation nanocarrier-based double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery system. The food consumption of Ostrinia furnacalis is largely suppressed, which leads to a good protective effect on corn leaves. We determined the mechanism of the above genes. NPFR binds to the Gα protein and activates the intracellular second messengers cAMP and Ca2+, which in turn phosphorylate AMPK to regulate the synthesis and metabolism of lipids and glycogen. We then adopted a highly efficient bacteria-based expression system for the production of large amounts of dsRNA segments targeting npfr and ampk simultaneously and subsequently complexed them with nanocarriers to develop a novel dual-target RNA pesticide. Our RNA nanopesticide dramatically inhibits larval feeding, growth and development, and its controlling effect is even better than that of the widely used anti-feedant azadirachtin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Entomology and MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Mingshan Li
- Department of Entomology and MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Entomology and MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Entomology and MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Lab of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Lab of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MARA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zsidó BZ, Bayarsaikhan B, Börzsei R, Szél V, Mohos V, Hetényi C. The Advances and Limitations of the Determination and Applications of Water Structure in Molecular Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11784. [PMID: 37511543 PMCID: PMC10381018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is a key actor of various processes of nature and, therefore, molecular engineering has to take the structural and energetic consequences of hydration into account. While the present review focuses on the target-ligand interactions in drug design, with a focus on biomolecules, these methods and applications can be easily adapted to other fields of the molecular engineering of molecular complexes, including solid hydrates. The review starts with the problems and solutions of the determination of water structures. The experimental approaches and theoretical calculations are summarized, including conceptual classifications. The implementations and applications of water models are featured for the calculation of the binding thermodynamics and computational ligand docking. It is concluded that theoretical approaches not only reproduce or complete experimental water structures, but also provide key information on the contribution of individual water molecules and are indispensable tools in molecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bayartsetseg Bayarsaikhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rita Börzsei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktor Szél
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Nathani RR, Bansal MB. Update on Clinical Trials for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2023; 19:371-381. [PMID: 37771619 PMCID: PMC10524415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous effort has been put forth over the past 2 decades in understanding the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH). Although multiple potential targets for drug development exist, there have been no approved therapies for NAFLD/NASH. Lipotoxicity, owing to increased delivery of fatty acids to the liver, and hepatic de novo lipogenesis are key drivers of disease pathogenesis. Moreover, genetics, environmental factors, and comorbid conditions converge to determine disease progression in individual patients. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of disease pathogenesis, numerous therapeutic targets have emerged and have been tested in clinical trials. Early trial failures have provided key lessons and foundational insights to move the field forward. Current ongoing phase 3 trials and emerging phase 2 trials are reasons for optimism, and 2 drugs, obeticholic acid and resmetirom, are being evaluated for accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration this year. This article highlights key features of NASH pathophysiology and drug targets, the lessons learned from completed trials, and the current landscape of phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit R. Nathani
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai West and Morningside Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Meena B. Bansal
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Musso G, Saba F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Lipidomics in pathogenesis, progression and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): Recent advances. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101238. [PMID: 37244504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the general adult population. NAFLD encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from pure steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis and is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation, as a result of increasing disease prevalence and of the absence of approved treatments. Lipidomic readouts of liver blood and urine samples from experimental models and from NASH patients disclosed an abnormal lipid composition and metabolism. Collectively, these changes impair organelle function and promote cell damage, necro-inflammation and fibrosis, a condition termed lipotoxicity. We will discuss the lipid species and metabolic pathways leading to NASH development and progression to cirrhosis, as well as and those species that can contribute to inflammation resolution and fibrosis regression. We will also focus on emerging lipid-based therapeutic opportunities, including specialized proresolving lipid molecules and macrovesicles contributing to cell-to-cell communication and NASH pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Musso
- Dept of Emergency Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Saba
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Chen HW, Jiang CX, Ma GL, Wu XY, Jiang W, Li J, Zang Y, Li J, Xiong J, Hu JF. Unprecedented spirodioxynaphthalenes from the endophytic fungus Phyllosticta ligustricola HDF-L-2 derived from the endangered conifer Pseudotsuga gaussenii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 211:113687. [PMID: 37105348 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed palmarumycin-type spirodioxynaphthalenes (phyligustricins A-D) and a known biogenetic precursor (palmarumycin BG1) were isolated from a solid fermentation of Phyllosticta ligustricola HDF-L-2, an endophyte associated with the endangered Chinese conifer Pseudotsuga gaussenii. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Both phyligustricins A and B have an unprecedented spirodioxynaphthalene-derived skeleton containing an extra 4H-furo [3,2-c]pyran-4-one moiety, while phyligustricins C and D are p-hydroxy-phenethyl substituted spirodioxynaphthalenes. The plausible biosynthetic relationships of the isolates were briefly proposed. Phyligustricins C and D and palmarumycin BG1 showed considerable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, each with an MIC value of 16 μg/mL. Palmarumycin BG1 displayed significant inhibitory effects against ACL and ACC1, with IC50 values of 1.60 and 8.00 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiao Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
| | - Guang-Lei Ma
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xi-Ying Wu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, PR China.
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29
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Mehta A, Ratre YK, Soni VK, Shukla D, Sonkar SC, Kumar A, Vishvakarma NK. Orchestral role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in T-cell malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122789. [PMID: 37256177 PMCID: PMC10226149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune function of normal T cells partially depends on the maneuvering of lipid metabolism through various stages and subsets. Interestingly, T-cell malignancies also reprogram their lipid metabolism to fulfill bioenergetic demand for rapid division. The rewiring of lipid metabolism in T-cell malignancies not only provides survival benefits but also contributes to their stemness, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Owing to distinctive lipid metabolic programming in T-cell cancer, quantitative, qualitative, and spatial enrichment of specific lipid molecules occur. The formation of lipid rafts rich in cholesterol confers physical strength and sustains survival signals. The accumulation of lipids through de novo synthesis and uptake of free lipids contribute to the bioenergetic reserve required for robust demand during migration and metastasis. Lipid storage in cells leads to the formation of specialized structures known as lipid droplets. The inimitable changes in fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are in dynamic balance in T-cell malignancies. FAO fuels the molecular pumps causing chemoresistance, while FAS offers structural and signaling lipids for rapid division. Lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer provides molecules having immunosuppressive abilities. Moreover, the distinctive composition of membrane lipids has implications for immune evasion by malignant cells of T-cell origin. Lipid droplets and lipid rafts are contributors to maintaining hallmarks of cancer in malignancies of T cells. In preclinical settings, molecular targeting of lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer potentiates the antitumor immunity and chemotherapeutic response. Thus, the direct and adjunct benefit of lipid metabolic targeting is expected to improve the clinical management of T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar Ratre
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Subhash C. Sonkar
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Jaschke NP, Rachner TD. Cancer cachexia as a blueprint for treating obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023:S1043-2760(23)00087-5. [PMID: 37173233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective pharmacological treatments to achieve significant and sustained weight loss in obese individuals remain limited. Here, we apply a 'reverse engineering' approach to cancer cachexia, an extreme form of dysregulated energy balance resulting in net catabolism. We discuss three phenotypic features of the disease, summarize the underlying molecular checkpoints, and explore their translation to obesity research. We then provide examples for established pharmaceuticals, which follow a reverse engineering logic, and propose additional targets that may be of relevance for future studies. Finally, we argue that approaching diseases from this perspective may prove useful as a generic strategy to fuel the development of innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P Jaschke
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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31
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You M, Xie Z, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Xiao D, Liu S, Zhuang W, Li L, Tao Y. Signaling pathways in cancer metabolism: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:196. [PMID: 37164974 PMCID: PMC10172373 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of metabolites (mainly, the three major nutrients and their derivatives) can be sensed by specific sensors, then trigger a series of signal transduction pathways and affect the expression levels of genes in epigenetics, which is called metabolite sensing. Life body regulates metabolism, immunity, and inflammation by metabolite sensing, coordinating the pathophysiology of the host to achieve balance with the external environment. Metabolic reprogramming in cancers cause different phenotypic characteristics of cancer cell from normal cell, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, etc. Metabolic disorders in cancer cells further create a microenvironment including many kinds of oncometabolites that are conducive to the growth of cancer, thus forming a vicious circle. At the same time, exogenous metabolites can also affect the biological behavior of tumors. Here, we discuss the metabolite sensing mechanisms of the three major nutrients and their derivatives, as well as their abnormalities in the development of various cancers, and discuss the potential therapeutic targets based on metabolite-sensing signaling pathways to prevent the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu You
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuolin Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Hong Kong.
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
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Zhao Y, Jiao F, Tang T, Wu S, Wang F, Zhao X. Adverse effects and potential mechanisms of fluxapyroxad in Xenopus laevis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121710. [PMID: 37137408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are one of significant contributing factors to the rapid decline of amphibian species worldwide. Fluxapyroxad (FLX), an effective and broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has attracted major concerns due to its long-lasting in the environment. However, the potential toxicity of FLX in the development of amphibians remains mostly unknown. In this research, the potential toxic effects and mechanisms of FLX on Xenopus laevis were investigated. In the acute toxicity test, the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of FLX to X. laevis tadpoles was 1.645 mg/L. Based on the acute toxicity result, tadpoles at the stage 51 were exposed to 0, 0.00822, 0.0822, and 0.822 mg/L FLX during 21 days. Results demonstrated that FLX exposure led to an apparent delay in the growth and development of tadpoles and associated with severe liver injury. Additionally, FLX induced glycogen depletion and lipid accumulation in the liver of X. laevis. The biochemical analysis of plasma and liver indicated that FLX exposure could perturb liver glucose and lipid homeostasis by altering enzyme activity related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and oxidation. Consistent with the biochemical result, FLX exposure altered the liver transcriptome profile, and the enrichment analysis of differential expression genes highlighted the adverse effects of FLX exposure on steroid biosynthesis, PPAR signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism in the tadpole liver. Overall, our study was the first to reveal that sub-lethal concentrations of FLX could induce liver damage and produce obvious interference effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of Xenopus, providing new insight into the potential chronic hazards of FLX for amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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Wan Q, Calhoun C, Zahr T, Qiang L. Uncoupling Lipid Synthesis from Adipocyte Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041132. [PMID: 37189751 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from the expansion of adipose tissue, a versatile tissue regulating energy homeostasis, adipokine secretion, thermogenesis, and inflammation. The primary function of adipocytes is thought to be lipid storage through lipid synthesis, which is presumably intertwined with adipogenesis. However, during prolonged fasting, adipocytes are depleted of lipid droplets yet retain endocrine function and an instant response to nutrients. This observation led us to question whether lipid synthesis and storage can be uncoupled from adipogenesis and adipocyte function. By inhibiting key enzymes in the lipid synthesis pathway during adipocyte development, we demonstrated that a basal level of lipid synthesis is essential for adipogenesis initiation but not for maturation and maintenance of adipocyte identity. Furthermore, inducing dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes abrogated adipocyte identity but not lipid storage. These findings suggest that lipid synthesis and storage are not the defining features of adipocytes and raise the possibility of uncoupling lipid synthesis from adipocyte development to achieve smaller and healthier adipocytes for the treatment of obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfen Wan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmen Calhoun
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tarik Zahr
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Yang Z, Wang L. Current, emerging, and potential therapies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1152042. [PMID: 37063264 PMCID: PMC10097909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1152042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been identified as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with a growing incidence. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of a metabolic syndrome that emerges from multiple factors (e.g., oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell death, and inflammation). Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of NAFLD, has been reported to be a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma, and it is progressing rapidly. Since there is no approved pharmacotherapy for NASH, a considerable number of therapeutic targets have emerged with the deepening of the research on NASH pathogenesis. In this study, the therapeutic potential and properties of regulating metabolism, the gut microbiome, antioxidant, microRNA, inhibiting apoptosis, targeting ferroptosis, and stem cell-based therapy in NASH are reviewed and evaluated. Since the single-drug treatment of NASH is affected by individual heterogeneous responses and side effects, it is imperative to precisely carry out targeted therapy with low toxicity. Lastly, targeted therapeutic agent delivery based on exosomes is proposed in this study, such that drugs with different mechanisms can be incorporated to generate high-efficiency and low-toxicity individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Abstract
Few metabolites can claim a more central and versatile role in cell metabolism than acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Acetyl-CoA is produced during nutrient catabolism to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is the essential building block for fatty acid and isoprenoid biosynthesis. It also functions as a signalling metabolite as the substrate for lysine acetylation reactions, enabling the modulation of protein functions in response to acetyl-CoA availability. Recent years have seen exciting advances in our understanding of acetyl-CoA metabolism in normal physiology and in cancer, buoyed by new mouse models, in vivo stable-isotope tracing approaches and improved methods for measuring acetyl-CoA, including in specific subcellular compartments. Efforts to target acetyl-CoA metabolic enzymes are also advancing, with one therapeutic agent targeting acetyl-CoA synthesis receiving approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. In this Review, we give an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of major metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We further discuss recent advances in understanding acetyl-CoA metabolism in normal tissues and tumours and the potential for targeting these pathways therapeutically. We conclude with a commentary on emerging nodes of acetyl-CoA metabolism that may impact cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Li J, Wang X, Meng X, Zhou X, Huang H, Feng Y, Fu Y, Liu X, Yu B. Geraniin targeting CaMKK2 inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by suppressing lipogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 372:110364. [PMID: 36706894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide burden and is associated with severe medical complications. Geraniin is a polyphenolic compound that has a wide range of bioactive properties. There is also evidence to support its pharmacological effects on improving lipid accumulation and obesity. This research investigates the effect of geraniin on lipid accumulation in adipocytes and the underlying mechanism. Mature adipocytes were differentiated from immature 3T3-L1 cells. Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride content determination were conducted to evaluate the intracellular lipid accumulation. Molecular docking studies were performed to determine the interaction between geraniin and the key proteins. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of lipogenic enzymes and transcription factors. Geraniin dose-dependently inhibited lipid accumulation in adipocytes by reducing the expression of fatty acid synthase and increasing the phosphorylation level of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Moreover, geraniin promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and further reduced the expression of lipogenic transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha). The expression of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) was increased by the geraniin administration. The molecular docking study demonstrated that geraniin can interact with CaMKK2, which is an upstream kinase of AMPK. A selective CaMKK2 inhibitor reversed the suppressive effect of geraniin on lipogenesis. Geraniin targeted CaMKK2 to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by suppressing lipogenesis, and this supports its potential as a candidate natural anti-obesity drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Han Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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Devereux CJ, Bayliss J, Keenan SN, Montgomery MK, Watt MJ. Investigating dual inhibition of ACC and CD36 for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E187-E198. [PMID: 36629823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00161.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Dysregulation in hepatic lipid metabolism, including increased fatty acid uptake and de novo lipogenesis (DNL), is a hallmark of NAFLD. Here, we investigated dual inhibition of the fatty acid transporter fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the rate-limiting enzyme in DNL, for the treatment of NAFLD in mice. Mice with hepatic CD36 deletion (Cd36LKO) and wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk and treated daily with either oral administration of an ACC inhibitor (GS-834356, Gilead Sciences; ACCi) or vehicle for 8 wk. Neither CD36 deletion or ACC inhibition impacted body composition, energy expenditure, or glucose tolerance. Cd36LKO mice had elevated fasting plasma insulin, suggesting mild insulin resistance. Whole body fatty acid oxidation was significantly decreased in Cd36LKO mice. Liver triglyceride content was significantly reduced in mice treated with ACCi; however, CD36 deletion caused an unexpected increase in liver triglycerides. This was associated with upregulation of genes and proteins of DNL, including ACC, and decreased liver triglyceride secretion ex vivo. Overall, these data confirm the therapeutic utility of ACC inhibition for steatosis resolution but indicate that inhibition of CD36 is not an effective treatment for NAFLD in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we show that dual inhibition of the de novo lipogenesis enzyme, ACC, and hepatic deletion of the fatty acid transporter, CD36, was ineffective for the treatment of NAFLD in mice. This was due to a paradoxical increase in liver triglycerides with CD36 deletion resulting from decreased hepatic triglyceride secretion and increased lipogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille J Devereux
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Bayliss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacey N Keenan
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Shi Y, Cao Q, Sun J, Hu X, Su Z, Xu Y, Zhang H, Lan L, Feng Y. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits bacterial biotin synthesis pathway to benefit its infectivity. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011110. [PMID: 36689471 PMCID: PMC9894557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that predominantly causes nosocomial and community-acquired lung infections. As a member of ESKAPE pathogens, carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) compromises the limited therapeutic options, raising an urgent demand for the development of lead compounds against previously-unrecognized drug targets. Biotin is an important cofactor, of which the de novo synthesis is an attractive antimicrobial target in certain recalcitrant infections. Here we report genetic and biochemical definition of P. aeruginosa BioH (PA0502) that functions as a gatekeeper enzyme allowing the product pimeloyl-ACP to exit from fatty acid synthesis cycle and to enter the late stage of biotin synthesis pathway. In relative to Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa physiologically requires 3-fold higher level of cytosolic biotin, which can be attributed to the occurrence of multiple biotinylated enzymes. The BioH protein enables the in vitro reconstitution of biotin synthesis. The repertoire of biotin abundance is assigned to different mouse tissues and/or organ contents, and the plasma biotin level of mouse is around 6-fold higher than that of human. Removal of bioH renders P. aeruginosa biotin auxotrophic and impairs its intra-phagosome persistence. Based on a model of CD-1 mice mimicking the human environment, lung challenge combined with systemic infection suggested that BioH is necessary for the full virulence of P. aeruginosa. As expected, the biotin synthesis inhibitor MAC13772 is capable of dampening the viability of CRPA. Notably, MAC13772 interferes the production of pyocyanin, an important virulence factor of P. aeruginosa. Our data expands our understanding of P. aeruginosa biotin synthesis relevant to bacterial infectivity. In particular, this study represents the first example of an extracellular pathogen P. aeruginosa that exploits biotin cofactor as a fitness determinant, raising the possibility of biotin synthesis as an anti-CRPA target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingdu Sun
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Su
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongchang Xu
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lefu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (YF)
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (YF)
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Fang CT, Kuo HH, Amartuvshin O, Hsu HJ, Liu SL, Yao JS, Yih LH. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase impaired tubulin palmitoylation and induced spindle abnormalities. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36617578 PMCID: PMC9826786 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin s-palmitoylation involves the thioesterification of a cysteine residue in tubulin with palmitate. The palmitate moiety is produced by the fatty acid synthesis pathway, which is rate-limited by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). While it is known that ACC is phosphorylated at serine 79 (pSer79) by AMPK and accumulates at the spindle pole (SP) during mitosis, a functional role for tubulin palmitoylation during mitosis has not been identified. In this study, we found that modulating pSer79-ACC level at the SP using AMPK agonist and inhibitor induced spindle defects. Loss of ACC function induced spindle abnormalities in cell lines and in germ cells of the Drosophila germarium, and palmitic acid (PA) rescued the spindle defects in the cell line treated transiently with the ACC inhibitor, TOFA. Furthermore, inhibition of protein palmitoylating or depalmitoylating enzymes also induced spindle defects. Together, these data suggested that precisely regulated cellular palmitate level and protein palmitoylation may be required for accurate spindle assembly. We then showed that tubulin was largely palmitoylated in interphase cells but less palmitoylated in mitotic cells. TOFA treatment diminished tubulin palmitoylation at doses that disrupt microtubule (MT) instability and cause spindle defects. Moreover, spindle MTs comprised of α-tubulins mutated at the reported palmitoylation site exhibited disrupted dynamic instability. We also found that TOFA enhanced the MT-targeting drug-induced spindle abnormalities and cytotoxicity. Thus, our study reveals that precise regulation of ACC during mitosis impacts tubulin palmitoylation to delicately control MT dynamic instability and spindle assembly, thereby safeguarding nuclear and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Fang
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oyundari Amartuvshin
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Long Liu
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Syuan Yao
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ratziu V, Charlton M. Rational combination therapy for NASH: Insights from clinical trials and error. J Hepatol 2023; 78:1073-1079. [PMID: 36603662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
So far without an approved therapy, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains at the beginning of its therapeutic cycle, whereby many pharmacological agents are initially developed as monotherapies. Given the complex pathogenesis of NASH, the prevailing opinion is that combination therapy will be key to its treatment and that therapeutic efforts should be aimed at developing combinations rather than monotherapies. However, the development of combination therapies is associated with multiple challenges, which we attempt to describe here, and which extend beyond the perceived biological rationale of combining two different mechanisms of action. Important hurdles include predicting the added benefit of a specific combination regimen over monotherapies, given the limited data provided by early phase trials. Regulatory requirements for approving a combination span from preclinical models, through initial demonstration of the efficacy of the combination, to complex late-stage therapeutic trials. Development pathways for combination therapies are, in this paradigm, highly demanding in terms of patient and sponsor resources. In light of recent, negative, late-stage trials of monotherapies, well-designed combination development programmes could be essential to avoid additional failures that may hold back therapeutic research and access to treatment for patients. Enthusiasm for combination therapies should be maintained but realistically balanced against the complexity of demonstrating their therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, France; Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), France; Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Michael Charlton
- Center for Liver Diseases, USA; Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Zhu H, Zhang Y, Li W, Huang N. A Comprehensive Survey of Prospective Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Early Drug Discovery in the Past Fifteen Years. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15961. [PMID: 36555602 PMCID: PMC9781938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), also known as molecular docking, has been increasingly applied to discover small-molecule ligands based on the protein structures in the early stage of drug discovery. In this review, we comprehensively surveyed the prospective applications of molecular docking judged by solid experimental validations in the literature over the past fifteen years. Herein, we systematically analyzed the novelty of the targets and the docking hits, practical protocols of docking screening, and the following experimental validations. Among the 419 case studies we reviewed, most virtual screenings were carried out on widely studied targets, and only 22% were on less-explored new targets. Regarding docking software, GLIDE is the most popular one used in molecular docking, while the DOCK 3 series showed a strong capacity for large-scale virtual screening. Besides, the majority of identified hits are promising in structural novelty and one-quarter of the hits showed better potency than 1 μM, indicating that the primary advantage of SBVS is to discover new chemotypes rather than highly potent compounds. Furthermore, in most studies, only in vitro bioassays were carried out to validate the docking hits, which might limit the further characterization and development of the identified active compounds. Finally, several successful stories of SBVS with extensive experimental validations have been highlighted, which provide unique insights into future SBVS drug discovery campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Li
- RPXDs (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215028, China
| | - Niu Huang
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
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Yan Y, Li X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Hettinga K, Li H, Chen W. Dietary d-Lactate Intake Facilitates Inflammatory Resolution by Modulating M1 Macrophage Polarization. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200196. [PMID: 36239154 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Given the d-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) deficiency, L- but not d-lactate is assumed to be the physiological isomer in mammals. Paradoxically, many fermented foods (e.g., yogurt, sauerkraut, cheeses) often contain substantial amounts of d-lactate. In the present study, dietary d-lactate may be a previously unrecognized nutrient aiding in inflammatory resolution is hypothesized. METHODS AND RESULTS The anti-inflammatory properties of d-lactate are evaluated in experimental colitis and endotoxemia. Oral administration of d-lactate favorably affects acute inflammation in two different mouse models. Analysis of lactate-the lactate receptor (the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 HCA1, formerly GPR81) signal axis in inflammation is performed in primary peritoneal macrophages and wild-type (WT) or GPR81 knockout (KO) mice. GPR81 KO mice are susceptible to endotoxic shock than WT mice, while d-lactate exerts its anti-inflammatory activities in a GPR81-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the activation of lactate-GPR81 axis may suppress LPS-TLR4 signaling to modulate M1 macrophage polarization. Although D-LDH deficiency in mammals impairs d-lactate clearance, it might prolong its plasma terminal half-life, and thus provide a pharmacokinetic advantage of d-lactate over l-lactate. CONCLUSION This study highlights housekeeping function of the lactate-GPR81 axis in inflammation control, and suggests that dietary intake of d-lactate may underlie Metchnikoff's probiotic yogurt theory of life prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiu Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA, Wageningen, P.O. Box 17, The Netherlands
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Yeudall S, Upchurch CM, Seegren PV, Pavelec CM, Greulich J, Lemke MC, Harris TE, Desai BN, Hoehn KL, Leitinger N. Macrophage acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulates acute inflammation through control of glucose and lipid metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1984. [PMID: 36417534 PMCID: PMC9683712 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) regulates lipid synthesis; however, its role in inflammatory regulation in macrophages remains unclear. We generated mice that are deficient in both ACC isoforms in myeloid cells. ACC deficiency altered the lipidomic, transcriptomic, and bioenergetic profile of bone marrow-derived macrophages, resulting in a blunted response to proinflammatory stimulation. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ACC is required for the early metabolic switch to glycolysis and remodeling of the macrophage lipidome. ACC deficiency also resulted in impaired macrophage innate immune functions, including bacterial clearance. Myeloid-specific deletion or pharmacological inhibition of ACC in mice attenuated LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, while pharmacological inhibition of ACC increased susceptibility to bacterial peritonitis in wild-type mice. Together, we identify a critical role for ACC in metabolic regulation of the innate immune response in macrophages, and thus a clinically relevant, unexpected consequence of pharmacological ACC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Yeudall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Clint M. Upchurch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Philip V. Seegren
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Pavelec
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jan Greulich
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael C. Lemke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bimal N. Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Xu M, Shen C, Yang J, Wang Q, Huang N. Systematic Investigation of Docking Failures in Large-Scale Structure-Based Virtual Screening. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39417-39428. [PMID: 36340123 PMCID: PMC9632257 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, large-scale structure-based virtual screening has attracted increasing levels of interest for identification of novel compounds corresponding to potential drug targets. It is critical to understand the strengths and weaknesses of docking algorithms to increase the success rate in practical applications. Here, we systematically investigated the docking successes and failures of two representative docking programs: UCSF DOCK 3.7 and AutoDock Vina. DOCK 3.7 performed better in early enrichment on the Directory of Useful Decoys: Enhanced (DUD-E) data set, although both docking methods were roughly comparable in overall enrichment performance. DOCK 3.7 also showed superior computational efficiency. Intriguingly, the Vina scoring function showed a bias toward compounds with higher molecular weights. Both the tested docking approaches yielded incorrectly predicted ligand binding poses caused by the limitations of torsion sampling. Based on a careful analysis of docking results from six representative cases, we propose the reasons underlying docking failures; furthermore, we provide a few solutions, representing practical guidance for large-scale virtual screening campaigns and future docking algorithm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- College
of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
- National
Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science
Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- National
Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science
Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Graduate
School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jincai Yang
- National
Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science
Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qing Wang
- National
Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science
Park, Beijing 102206, China
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Niu Huang
- National
Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science
Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua
Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
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45
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Choi SYC, Ribeiro CF, Wang Y, Loda M, Plymate SR, Uo T. Druggable Metabolic Vulnerabilities Are Exposed and Masked during Progression to Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1590. [PMID: 36358940 PMCID: PMC9687810 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for exploring new actionable targets other than androgen receptor to improve outcome from lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer. Tumor metabolism has reemerged as a hallmark of cancer that drives and supports oncogenesis. In this regard, it is important to understand the relationship between distinctive metabolic features, androgen receptor signaling, genetic drivers in prostate cancer, and the tumor microenvironment (symbiotic and competitive metabolic interactions) to identify metabolic vulnerabilities. We explore the links between metabolism and gene regulation, and thus the unique metabolic signatures that define the malignant phenotypes at given stages of prostate tumor progression. We also provide an overview of current metabolism-based pharmacological strategies to be developed or repurposed for metabolism-based therapeutics for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y. C. Choi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Caroline Fidalgo Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Takuma Uo
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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46
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Approaches to Measuring the Activity of Major Lipolytic and Lipogenic Enzymes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911093. [PMID: 36232405 PMCID: PMC9570359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, one of the goals of adipose tissue research has been to determine lipolytic and lipogenic activity as the primary metabolic pathways affecting adipocyte health and size and thus representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Nowadays, there is a relatively large number of methods to measure the activity of these pathways and involved enzymes, but their applicability to different biological samples is variable. Here, we review the characteristics of mean lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, their inhibitors, and available methodologies for assessing their activity, and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their applicability in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, i.e., in cells, organs and their respective extracts, with the emphasis on adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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47
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Zhou JS, Huang SL, Gao Y, Liu QF, Leng Y, Zhou B, Yue JM. Spicatulides A-G, Phenolic-Monoterpenoid Hybrids from Chloranthus spicatus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2090-2099. [PMID: 35957573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spicatulides A-G (1-7), seven new phenolic-monoterpenoid hybrid molecules, along with two known compounds, 8 and 9, were isolated and identified from Chloranthus spicatus. Compound 1 represents an unprecedented skeleton featuring an aryl-fused 2-oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decane moiety, and compound 2 is the first example of a denudaquinol-normonoterpenoid adduct. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses and TDDFT-ECD calculations. Compounds 3, 5, 6, and 9 exhibited the activity of reducing lipogenesis in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Su Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Discovery of New Drug Lead Molecules, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Xu X, Poulsen KL, Wu L, Liu S, Miyata T, Song Q, Wei Q, Zhao C, Lin C, Yang J. Targeted therapeutics and novel signaling pathways in non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH). Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:287. [PMID: 35963848 PMCID: PMC9376100 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcohol-associated fatty liver/steatohepatitis (NAFL/NASH) has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. NASH, an advanced form of NAFL, can be progressive and more susceptible to developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, lifestyle interventions are the most essential and effective strategies for preventing and controlling NAFL without the development of fibrosis. While there are still limited appropriate drugs specifically to treat NAFL/NASH, growing progress is being seen in elucidating the pathogenesis and identifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we discussed recent developments in etiology and prospective therapeutic targets, as well as pharmacological candidates in pre/clinical trials and patents, with a focus on diabetes, hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, growing evidence elucidates that the disruption of the gut-liver axis and microbe-derived metabolites drive the pathogenesis of NAFL/NASH. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as a signaling mediator, resulting in lipid accumulation, macrophage and hepatic stellate cell activation, further promoting inflammation and liver fibrosis progression during the development of NAFL/NASH. Targeting gut microbiota or EVs may serve as new strategies for the treatment of NAFL/NASH. Finally, other mechanisms, such as cell therapy and genetic approaches, also have enormous therapeutic potential. Incorporating drugs with different mechanisms and personalized medicine may improve the efficacy to better benefit patients with NAFL/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Xu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lijuan Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingda Wei
- School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
- Innovation Center of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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49
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An Q, Lin R, Wang D, Wang C. Emerging roles of fatty acid metabolism in cancer and their targeted drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114613. [PMID: 35853429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is now considered as one of hallmark of tumor cells and provides them with a selective survival/growth advantage to resist harsh micro-environmental stress. Fatty acid (FA) metabolism of tumor cells supports the biosynthetic needs and provides fuel sources for energy supply. Since FA metabolic reprogramming is a critical link in tumor metabolism, its various roles in tumors have attracted increasing interest. Herein, we review the mechanisms through which cancer cells rewire their FA metabolism with a focus on the pathway of FA metabolism and its targeting drug development. The failure and successful cases of targeting tumor FA metabolism are expected to bypass the metabolic vulnerability and improve the efficacy of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Scientific Research and Teaching Department, Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, 377 Jingming Road, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610061, China.
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50
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Teng T, Qiu S, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Sun D, Hou L, Li Y, Zhou K, Yu X, Yang C, Li Y. Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies Related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147841. [PMID: 35887189 PMCID: PMC9322253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common types of chronic liver disease, is strongly correlated with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and genetic components. The pathological progression of NAFLD, consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and liver cirrhosis, is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Although patients with mild NAFL are considered to show no obvious clinical symptoms, patients with long-term NAFL may culminate in NASH and further liver fibrosis. Even though various drugs are able to improve NAFLD, there are no FDA-approved medications that directly treat NAFLD. In this paper, the pathogenesis of NAFLD, the potential therapeutic targets, and their underlying mechanisms of action were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieshan Teng
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Dequan Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lingzhu Hou
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Yihang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Ke Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xixi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
| | - Changyong Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence: or (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanzhang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.T.); (S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (D.S.); (L.H.); (Y.L.); (K.Z.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: or (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
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