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Matsuo K, Nshihara H. Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease through new blood-brain barrier models. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1954-1960. [PMID: 38227521 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system. Blood-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Traditionally, it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration, but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal loss. Thus, the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective therapeutics. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases, there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional assessments. Recently, several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various in vitro blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been proposed. Especially in the Alzheimer's disease field, the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain barrier. In this review, we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease from pathological analyses, imaging studies, animal models, and stem cell sources. Additionally, we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Matsuo
- Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nshihara
- Department of Neurotherapeutics, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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2
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Kallal N, Hugues S, Garnier L. Regulation of autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation by endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350482. [PMID: 38335316 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The CNS has traditionally been considered an immune-privileged organ, but recent studies have identified a plethora of immune cells in the choroid plexus, meninges, perivascular spaces, and cribriform plate. Although those immune cells are crucial for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and for neural protection against infections, they can lead to neuroinflammation in some circumstances. The blood and the lymphatic vasculatures exhibit distinct structural and molecular features depending on their location in the CNS, greatly influencing the compartmentalization and the nature of CNS immune responses. In this review, we discuss how endothelial cells regulate the migration and the functions of T cells in the CNS both at steady-state and in murine models of neuroinflammation, with a special focus on the anatomical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms implicated in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Kallal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Garnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Hernandez C, Gorska AM, Eugenin E. Mechanisms of HIV-mediated blood-brain barrier compromise and leukocyte transmigration under the current antiretroviral era. iScience 2024; 27:109236. [PMID: 38487019 PMCID: PMC10937838 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurological compromise is observed in more than half of all people with HIV (PWH), even under antiretroviral therapy (ART). The mechanism has been associated with the early transmigration of HIV-infected monocytes across the BBB in a CCL2 and HIV replication-dependent manner. However, the mechanisms of chronic brain damage are unknown. We demonstrate that all PWH under ART have elevated circulating ATP levels that correlate with the onset of cognitive impairment even in the absence of a circulating virus. Serum ATP levels found in PWH with the most severe neurocognitive impairment trigger the transcellular migration of HIV-infected leukocytes across the BBB in a JAM-A and LFA-1-dependent manner. We propose that targeting transcellular leukocyte transmigration could reduce or prevent the devastating consequences of HIV within the brains of PWH under ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Hernandez
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Maria Gorska
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
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4
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Amer AS, Abdel Moneam SM, Hashaad NI, Yousef EM, Abd El-Hassib DM. Clinico-serological associations of urinary activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1015-1021. [PMID: 38294724 PMCID: PMC10876720 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the major complications associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM or CD166) is a promising urine biomarker that binds to CD6, a receptor found on lymphocytes. This binding results in T-cell activation, proliferation, and recruitment, which causes tissue inflammation and may explain the pathophysiology of LN. AIM OF WORK Investigate the urinary ALCAM level in SLE, study its relationship to disease activity, and clarify the association with LN activity and histopathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS A case-control study was performed on 60 patients with SLE and 20 matched controls. The SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and the activity of renal disease (rSLEDAI) were evaluated. Renal biopsy and uALCAM levels were also investigated. RESULTS Urinary ALCAM levels were higher significantly in active LN patients than inactive LN patients, active and inactive non-LN SLE, and the control group (p < 0.001). The cut-off value for identifying active and inactive LN was above 270 ng/mg (p < 0.001). ALCAM levels were greater in proliferative (class III, IV, and IV/V) than in non-proliferative (class II and V) LN (p < 0.001). ALCAM exhibited high positive correlations with SLEDAI and rSLEDAI (p < 0.001 each) and negative significant correlations with C3 (p < 0.001) and C4 (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Urinary ALCAM is a sensitive biomarker evaluating LN in SLE patients. Levels above 270 ng/mg can help distinguish between active and inactive LN. ALCAM levels are correlated positively with SLEDAI and rSLEDAI but have a negative correlation with C3 and C4. Key Points • Urinary ALCAM shows promise as a biomarker for evaluating kidney dysfunction in SLE patients. • It is a non-invasive marker that can differentiate between proliferative and non-proliferative LN. • A urinary ALCAM level above 270 ng/mg can indicate active LN, while lower levels indicate inactive LN. • Urinary ALCAM levels are correlated positively with SLEDAI and rSLEDAI scores but correlated negatively with C3 and C4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa S Amer
- Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt, 13511.
| | - Samia M Abdel Moneam
- Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt, 13511
| | - Nashwa I Hashaad
- Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt, 13511
| | - Eman M Yousef
- Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt, 13511
| | - Dalia M Abd El-Hassib
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt, 13511
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5
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Cyndari KI, Scorza BM, Zacharias ZR, Strand L, Mahachi K, Oviedo JM, Gibbs L, Pessoa-Pereira D, Ausdal G, Hendricks D, Yahashiri R, Elkins JM, Gulbrandsen T, Peterson AR, Willey MC, Fairfax KC, Petersen CA. Resident Synovial Macrophages in Synovial Fluid: Implications for Immunoregulation in Infectious and Inflammatory Arthritis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.29.560183. [PMID: 37873090 PMCID: PMC10592878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Resident synovial macrophages (RSM) provide immune sequestration of the joint space and are likely involved in initiation and perpetuation of the joint-specific immune response. We sought to identify RSM in synovial fluid (SF) and demonstrate migratory ability, in additional to functional changes that may perpetuate a chronic inflammatory response within joint spaces. Methods We recruited human patients presenting with undifferentiated arthritis in multiple clinical settings. We used flow cytometry to identify mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and SF. We used a novel transwell migration assay with human ex-vivo synovium obtained intra-operatively to validate flow cytometry findings. We used single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to further identify macrophage/monocyte subsets. ELISA was used to evaluate the bone-resorption potential of SF. Results We were able to identify a rare population of CD14dim, OPG+, ZO-1+ cells consistent with RSM in SF via flow cytometry. These cells were relatively enriched in the SF during infectious processes, but absolutely decreased compared to healthy controls. Similar putative RSM were identified using ex vivo migration assays when MCP-1 and LPS were used as migratory stimulus. scRNA-seq revealed a population consistent with RSM transcriptionally related to CD56+ cytotoxic dendritic cells and IDO+ M2 macrophages. Conclusion We identified a rare cell population consistent with RSM, indicating these cells are likely migratory and able to initiate or coordinate both acute (septic) or chronic (autoimmune or inflammatory) arthritis. RSM analysis via scRNA-seq indicated these cells are M2 skewed, capable of antigen presentation, and have consistent functions in both septic and inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen I Cyndari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Breanna M Scorza
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Human Immunology Core, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Kurayi Mahachi
- Research and Analytics, Enterprise Analytics, Sentara Health
| | | | - Lisa Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Danielle Pessoa-Pereira
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Graham Ausdal
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Dylan Hendricks
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Jacob M Elkins
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | | | | | - Keke C Fairfax
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Christine A Petersen
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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6
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Borjini N, Lun Y, Jang GF, Crabb J, Chen Y, Crabb J, Fox DA, Ivanov AI, Lin F. CD6 triggers actomyosin cytoskeleton remodeling after binding to its receptor complex. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:450-462. [PMID: 37820034 PMCID: PMC10890838 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell marker CD6 regulates both T cells and target cells during inflammatory responses by interacting with its receptors. However, only a few receptors binding to the extracellular domains of CD6 have been identified, and cellular events induced by CD6 engagement with its receptors in target cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified CD44 as a novel CD6 receptor by proximity labeling and confirmed the new CD6-CD44 interaction by biochemical and biophysical approaches. CD44 and the other 2 known CD6 receptors, CD166 and CDCP1, were distributed diffusely on resting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells but clustered together to form a receptor complex upon CD6 binding. CD6 stimulation induced dramatic remodeling of the actomyosin cytoskeleton in RPE cells mediated by activation of RhoA, and Rho-associated kinase signaling, resulting in increased myosin II phosphorylation. Such actomyosin activation triggered the disassembly of tight junctions responsible for RPE barrier integrity in a process that required all components of the tripartite CD6 receptor complex. These data provided new insights into the mechanisms by which CD6 mediates T cell-driven disruption of tissue barriers during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozha Borjini
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Geen-Fu Jang
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jack Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 2210 Circle Dr Robbins Building, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - John Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 2042 E 102nd St, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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7
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Jamann H, Desu HL, Cui QL, Halaweh A, Tastet O, Klement W, Zandee S, Pernin F, Mamane VH, Ouédraogo O, Daigneault A, Sidibé H, Millette F, Peelen E, Dhaeze T, Hoornaert C, Rébillard RM, Thai K, Grasmuck C, Vande Velde C, Prat A, Arbour N, Stratton JA, Antel J, Larochelle C. ALCAM on human oligodendrocytes mediates CD4 T cell adhesion. Brain 2024; 147:147-162. [PMID: 37640028 PMCID: PMC10766241 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by demyelination, oligodendrocyte damage/loss and neuroaxonal injury in the context of immune cell infiltration in the CNS. No neuroprotective therapy is available to promote the survival of oligodendrocytes and protect their myelin processes in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases. Pro-inflammatory CD4 Th17 cells can interact with oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, causing injury to myelinating processes and cell death through direct contact. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the close contact and subsequent detrimental interaction of Th17 cells with oligodendrocytes remain unclear. In this study we used single cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence studies on CNS tissue from multiple sclerosis subjects, its animal model and controls to characterize the expression of cell adhesion molecules by mature oligodendrocytes. We found that a significant proportion of human and murine mature oligodendrocytes express melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) in multiple sclerosis, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in controls, although their regulation differs between human and mouse. We observed that exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines or to human activated T cells are associated with a marked downregulation of the expression of MCAM but not of ALCAM at the surface of human primary oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, we used in vitro live imaging, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to determine the contribution of these molecules to Th17-polarized cell adhesion and cytotoxicity towards human oligodendrocytes. Silencing and blocking ALCAM but not MCAM limited prolonged interactions between human primary oligodendrocytes and Th17-polarized cells, resulting in decreased adhesion of Th17-polarized cells to oligodendrocytes and conferring significant protection of oligodendrocytic processes. In conclusion, we showed that human oligodendrocytes express MCAM and ALCAM, which are differently modulated by inflammation and T cell contact. We found that ALCAM is a ligand for Th17-polarized cells, contributing to their capacity to adhere and induce damage to human oligodendrocytes, and therefore could represent a relevant target for neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Jamann
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Haritha L Desu
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Halaweh
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Victoria H Mamane
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Oumarou Ouédraogo
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Audrey Daigneault
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hadjara Sidibé
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Florence Millette
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Tessa Dhaeze
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Karine Thai
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
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8
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Johann L, Soldati S, Müller K, Lampe J, Marini F, Klein M, Schramm E, Ries N, Schelmbauer C, Palagi I, Karram K, Assmann JC, Khan MA, Wenzel J, Schmidt MH, Körbelin J, Schlüter D, van Loo G, Bopp T, Engelhardt B, Schwaninger M, Waisman A. A20 regulates lymphocyte adhesion in murine neuroinflammation by restricting endothelial ICOSL expression in the CNS. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168314. [PMID: 37856217 PMCID: PMC10721159 DOI: 10.1172/jci168314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A20 is a ubiquitin-modifying protein that negatively regulates NF-κB signaling. Mutations in A20/TNFAIP3 are associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We found that deletion of A20 in central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells (ECs) enhances experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. A20ΔCNS-EC mice showed increased numbers of CNS-infiltrating immune cells during neuroinflammation and in the steady state. While the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was not impaired, we observed a strong activation of CNS-ECs in these mice, with dramatically increased levels of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. We discovered ICOSL to be expressed by A20-deficient CNS-ECs, which we found to function as adhesion molecules. Silencing of ICOSL in CNS microvascular ECs partly reversed the phenotype of A20ΔCNS-EC mice without reaching statistical significance and delayed the onset of EAE symptoms in WT mice. In addition, blocking of ICOSL on primary mouse brain microvascular ECs impaired the adhesion of T cells in vitro. Taken together, we propose that CNS EC-ICOSL contributes to the firm adhesion of T cells to the BBB, promoting their entry into the CNS and eventually driving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Johann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Müller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Schramm
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Ries
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schelmbauer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ilaria Palagi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khalad Karram
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian C. Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahtab A. Khan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirko H.H. Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), and
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9
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Schwab N, Wiendl H. Learning CNS immunopathology from therapeutic interventions. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg7863. [PMID: 37939164 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of immune cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier has not only introduced a therapeutic avenue for multiple sclerosis (MS) but also represents an example of reverse translational medicine. Data from clinical trials of drugs such as natalizumab and fingolimod have revealed the involvement of different compartments in relapsing versus non-relapsing MS immune biology, contributed to our understanding of central nervous system (CNS) immune surveillance, and stimulated new fields of research. Here, we discuss the results of these trials, as well as patient biomaterial-based scientific projects, and how both have informed our understanding of CNS immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster 48149, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
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10
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Charabati M, Zandee S, Fournier AP, Tastet O, Thai K, Zaminpeyma R, Lécuyer MA, Bourbonnière L, Larouche S, Klement W, Grasmuck C, Tea F, Zierfuss B, Filali-Mouhim A, Moumdjian R, Bouthillier A, Cayrol R, Peelen E, Arbour N, Larochelle C, Prat A. MCAM+ brain endothelial cells contribute to neuroinflammation by recruiting pathogenic CD4+ T lymphocytes. Brain 2023; 146:1483-1495. [PMID: 36319587 PMCID: PMC10115172 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The trafficking of autoreactive leucocytes across the blood-brain barrier endothelium is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Although the blood-brain barrier endothelium represents one of the main CNS borders to interact with the infiltrating leucocytes, its exact contribution to neuroinflammation remains understudied. Here, we show that Mcam identifies inflammatory brain endothelial cells with pro-migratory transcriptomic signature during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In addition, MCAM was preferentially upregulated on blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in multiple sclerosis lesions in situ and at experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease onset by molecular MRI. In vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that MCAM on blood-brain barrier endothelial cells contributes to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development by promoting the cellular trafficking of TH1 and TH17 lymphocytes across the blood-brain barrier. Last, we showcase ST14 as an immune ligand to brain endothelial MCAM, enriched on CD4+ T lymphocytes that cross the blood-brain barrier in vitro, in vivo and in multiple sclerosis lesions as detected by flow cytometry on rapid autopsy derived brain tissue from multiple sclerosis patients. Collectively, our findings reveal that MCAM is at the centre of a pathological pathway used by brain endothelial cells to recruit pathogenic CD4+ T lymphocyte from circulation early during neuroinflammation. The therapeutic targeting of this mechanism is a promising avenue to treat multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Antoine P Fournier
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Karine Thai
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Roxaneh Zaminpeyma
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fiona Tea
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Bettina Zierfuss
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Robert Moumdjian
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0C1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0C1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2X 0C1, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
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11
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Angelini G, Bani A, Constantin G, Rossi B. The interplay between T helper cells and brain barriers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1101379. [PMID: 36874213 PMCID: PMC9975172 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) represent two complex structures protecting the central nervous system (CNS) against potentially harmful agents and circulating immune cells. The immunosurveillance of the CNS is governed by immune cells that constantly patrol the BCSFB, whereas during neuroinflammatory disorders, both BBB and BCSFB undergo morphological and functional alterations, promoting leukocyte intravascular adhesion and transmigration from the blood circulation into the CNS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototype of neuroinflammatory disorders in which peripheral T helper (Th) lymphocytes, particularly Th1 and Th17 cells, infiltrate the CNS and contribute to demyelination and neurodegeneration. Th1 and Th17 cells are considered key players in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. They can actively interact with CNS borders by complex adhesion mechanisms and secretion of a variety of molecules contributing to barrier dysfunction. In this review, we describe the molecular basis involved in the interactions between Th cells and CNS barriers and discuss the emerging roles of dura mater and arachnoid layer as neuroimmune interfaces contributing to the development of CNS inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Angelini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bani
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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12
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Caloric restriction reinforces the stem cell pool in the aged brain without affecting overall proliferation status. Gene X 2022; 851:147026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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13
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Sun Z, Zhao H, Fang D, Davis CT, Shi DS, Lei K, Rich BE, Winter JM, Guo L, Sorensen LK, Pryor RJ, Zhu N, Lu S, Dickey LL, Doty DJ, Tong Z, Thomas KR, Mueller AL, Grossmann AH, Zhang B, Lane TE, Fujinami RS, Odelberg SJ, Zhu W. Neuroinflammatory disease disrupts the blood-CNS barrier via crosstalk between proinflammatory and endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition signaling. Neuron 2022; 110:3106-3120.e7. [PMID: 35961320 PMCID: PMC9547934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of the blood-central nervous system barrier (BCNSB) is a hallmark of many neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) occurs in the CNS before the onset of clinical symptoms and plays a major role in the breakdown of BCNSB function. EndoMT can be induced by an IL-1β-stimulated signaling pathway in which activation of the small GTPase ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) leads to crosstalk with the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-SMAD1/5 pathway. Inhibiting the activation of ARF6 both prevents and reverses EndoMT, stabilizes BCNSB function, reduces demyelination, and attenuates symptoms even after the establishment of severe EAE, without immunocompromising the host. Pan-inhibition of ALKs also reduces disease severity in the EAE model. Therefore, multiple components of the IL-1β-ARF6-ALK-SMAD1/5 pathway could be targeted for the treatment of a variety of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglou Sun
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Helong Zhao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel Fang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chadwick T Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dallas S Shi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kachon Lei
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bianca E Rich
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Li Guo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lise K Sorensen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert J Pryor
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nina Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Samuel Lu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Laura L Dickey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel J Doty
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kirk R Thomas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Baowei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Navigen Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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14
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Gurrea-Rubio M, Fox DA. The dual role of CD6 as a therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1026521. [PMID: 36275816 PMCID: PMC9579686 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1026521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease involves loss of tolerance to self-antigen, while progression of cancer reflects insufficient recognition and response of the immune system to malignant cells. Patients with immune compromised conditions tend to be more susceptible to cancer development. On the other hand, cancer treatments, especially checkpoint inhibitor therapies, can induce severe autoimmune syndromes. There is recent evidence that autoimmunity and cancer share molecular targets and pathways that may be dysregulated in both types of diseases. Therefore, there has been an increased focus on understanding these biological pathways that link cancer and its treatment with the appearance of autoimmunity. In this review, we hope to consolidate our understanding of current and emerging molecular targets used to treat both cancer and autoimmunity, with a special focus on Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 6.
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15
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van den Broek SL, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. Transport of nanomedicines across the blood-brain barrier: Challenges and opportunities for imaging and therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213125. [PMID: 36182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective and semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents toxins and foreign bodies to enter and damage the brain. Unfortunately, the BBB also hampers the development of pharmaceuticals targeting receptors, enzymes, or other proteins that lie beyond this barrier. Especially large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or nanoparticles, are prevented to enter the brain. The limited passage of these molecules partly explains why nanomedicines - targeting brain diseases - have not made it into the clinic to a great extent. As nanomedicines can target a wide range of targets including protein isoforms and oligomers or potentially deliver cytotoxic drugs safely to their targets, a pathway to smuggle nanomedicines into the brain would allow to treat brain diseases that are currently considered 'undruggable'. In this review, strategies to transport nanomedicines over the BBB will be discussed. Their challenges and opportunities will be highlighted with respect to their use for molecular imaging or therapies. Several strategies have been explored for this thus far. For example, carrier-mediated and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), techniques to disrupt the BBB, nasal drug delivery or administering nanomedicines directly into the brain have been explored. RMT has been the most widely and successfully explored strategy. Recent work on the use of focused ultrasound based BBB opening has shown great promise. For example, successful delivery of mAbs into the brain has been achieved, even in a clinical setting. As nanomedicines bear the potential to treat incurable brain diseases, drug delivery technologies that can deliver nanomedicines into the brain will play an essential role for future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Zhang L, Borjini N, Lun Y, Parab S, Asonye G, Singh R, Bell BA, Bonilha VL, Ivanov A, Fox DA, Caspi R, Lin F. CDCP1 regulates retinal pigmented epithelial barrier integrity for the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e157038. [PMID: 35951427 PMCID: PMC9675461 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cub domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a protein that is highly expressed on the surface of many cancer cells. However, its distribution in normal tissues and its potential roles in nontumor cells are poorly understood. We found that CDCP1 is present on both human and mouse retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. CDCP1-KO mice developed attenuated retinal inflammation in a passive model of autoimmune uveitis, with disrupted tight junctions and infiltrating T cells detected in RPE flat mounts from WT but not CDCP1-KO mice during EAU development. Mechanistically, we discovered that CDCP1 on RPE cells was upregulated by IFN-γ in vitro and after EAU induction in vivo. CD6 stimulation induced increased RPE barrier permeability of WT but not CDCP1-knockdown (CDCP1-KD) RPE cells, and activated T cells migrated through WT RPE monolayers more efficiently than the CDCP1-KD RPE monolayers. In addition, CD6 stimulation of WT but not the CDCP1-KD RPE cells induced massive stress fiber formation and focal adhesion disruption to reduce cell barrier tight junctions. These data suggest that CDCP1 on RPE cells interacts with CD6 on T cells to induce RPE cytoskeleton remodeling and focal adhesion disruption, which open up the tight junctions to facilitate T cell infiltration for the development of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nozha Borjini
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sweta Parab
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gospel Asonye
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rupesh Singh
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brent A. Bell
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vera L. Bonilha
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrei Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David A. Fox
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Autoimmunity Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachel Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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17
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Qian Q, Cui N, Huang B, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Hu M, Li B, Wang Q, Miao Q, You Z, Ma X, Tang R. Intrahepatic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule induces CD6highCD4+ T cell infiltration in autoimmune hepatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967944. [PMID: 36159854 PMCID: PMC9500242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by the expansion and accumulation of pathogenic T cells in liver. Although CD6 and its ligand activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) are involved in the evolution of multiple inflammatory diseases, their roles in the pathogenesis of AIH remain unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate ALCAM-CD6 axis in AIH development. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine hepatic expression of CD6 and ALCAM. The concentration of serum ALCAM was evaluated by ELISA. The phenotypes of liver infiltrating T cells were determined by flow cytometry. Primary human CD4+ T cells were used for functional studies. Results Our data showed that patients with AIH exhibited significantly higher expression of CD6 in the liver as compared to primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), and healthy controls (HC). In addition, hepatic CD6 expression was strongly correlated with disease severity of AIH. CD6 was mainly expressed on CD4+ T cells in the liver and intrahepatic CD6highCD4+ T cells demonstrated stronger proinflammatory response and proliferation features than CD6low counterparts in both AIH and HC. ALCAM, the ligand of CD6, was highly expressed in the hepatocytes of AIH and serum ALCAM was strongly associated with clinical indices of AIH. Interestingly, close spatial location between CD6+CD4+ T cells and ALCAM+ hepatocytes was observed. Finally, we found that CD6highCD4+ T cells showed enhanced capacity of trans-endothelial migration in vitro, which could be promoted by recombinant ALCAM. Conclusions Our study found that ALCAM-CD6 axis was upregulated in the AIH liver, suggesting a potential target for alleviating AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingli Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ruqi Tang, ; Xiong Ma, ; Zhengrui You,
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ruqi Tang, ; Xiong Ma, ; Zhengrui You,
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ruqi Tang, ; Xiong Ma, ; Zhengrui You,
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18
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Nishi R, Ohyagi M, Nagata T, Mabuchi Y, Yokota T. Regulation of activated microglia and macrophages by systemically administered DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotides. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2210-2223. [PMID: 35189344 PMCID: PMC9171263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation followed by recruitment of blood-borne macrophages into the central nervous system (CNS) aggravates neuroinflammation. Specifically, in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS, activated microglia and macrophages (Mg/Mφ) promote proinflammatory responses and expand demyelination in the CNS. However, a potent therapeutic approach through the systemic route for regulating their functions has not yet been developed. Here, we demonstrate that a systemically injected DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO), composed of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and its complementary RNA, conjugated to cholesterol (Chol-HDO) distributed more efficiently to demyelinating lesions of the spinal cord in EAE mice with significant gene silencing than the parent ASO. Importantly, systemic administration of Cd40-targeting Chol-HDO improved clinical signs of EAE with significant downregulation of Cd40 in Mg/Mφ. Furthermore, we successfully identify that macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is responsible for the uptake of Chol-HDO by Mg/Mφ of EAE mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potency of systemically administered Chol-HDO to regulate activated Mg/Mφ in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Nishi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohyagi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Mir M, Palma-Florez S, Lagunas A, López-Martínez MJ, Samitier J. Biosensors Integration in Blood-Brain Barrier-on-a-Chip: Emerging Platform for Monitoring Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1237-1247. [PMID: 35559649 PMCID: PMC9150172 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Over the most recent
decades, the development of new biological
platforms to study disease progression and drug efficacy has been
of great interest due to the high increase in the rate of neurodegenerative
diseases (NDDs). Therefore, blood–brain barrier (BBB) as an
organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platform to mimic brain-barrier performance
could offer a deeper understanding of NDDs as well as a very valuable
tool for drug permeability testing for new treatments. A very attractive
improvement of BBB-oC technology is the integration of detection systems
to provide continuous monitoring of biomarkers in real time and a
fully automated analysis of drug permeably, rendering more efficient
platforms for commercialization. In this Perspective, an overview
of the main BBB-oC configurations is introduced and a critical vision
of the BBB-oC platforms integrating electronic read out systems is
detailed, indicating the strengths and weaknesses of current devices,
proposing the great potential for biosensors integration in BBB-oC.
In this direction, we name potential biomarkers to monitor the evolution
of NDDs related to the BBB and/or drug cytotoxicity using biosensor
technology in BBB-oC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Mir
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sujey Palma-Florez
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Maria José López-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Nanobioengineering Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 12 Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Current Strategies to Enhance Delivery of Drugs across the Blood–Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050987. [PMID: 35631573 PMCID: PMC9145636 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has shown to be a significant obstacle to brain medication delivery. The BBB in a healthy brain is a diffusion barrier that prevents most substances from passing from the blood to the brain; only tiny molecules can pass across the BBB. The BBB is disturbed in specific pathological illnesses such as stroke, diabetes, seizures, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. The goal of this study is to offer a general overview of current brain medication delivery techniques and associated topics from the last five years. It is anticipated that this review will stimulate readers to look into new ways to deliver medications to the brain. Following an introduction of the construction and function of the BBB in both healthy and pathological conditions, this review revisits certain contested questions, such as whether nanoparticles may cross the BBB on their own and if medications are selectively delivered to the brain by deliberately targeted nanoparticles. Current non-nanoparticle options are also discussed, including drug delivery via the permeable BBB under pathological circumstances and the use of non-invasive approaches to improve brain medication absorption.
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21
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Rahiman N, Mohammadi M, Alavizadeh SH, Arabi L, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-mediated approaches for restoration of multiple sclerosis. J Control Release 2022; 343:620-644. [PMID: 35176392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with complicated immunopathology which necessitates considering multifactorial aspects for its management. Nano-sized pharmaceutical carriers named nanoparticles (NPs) can support impressive management of disease not only in early detection and prognosis level but also in a therapeutic manner. The most prominent initiator of MS is the domination of cellular immunity to humoral immunity and increment of inflammatory cytokines. The administration of several platforms of NPs for MS management holds great promise so far. The efforts for MS management through in vitro and in vivo (experimental animal models) evaluations, pave a new way to a highly efficient therapeutic means and aiding its translation to the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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22
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Neuronal Yin Yang1 in the prefrontal cortex regulates transcriptional and behavioral responses to chronic stress in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:55. [PMID: 35013139 PMCID: PMC8748737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the synaptic alterations associated with the stress-related mood disorder major depression has been well-documented, the underlying transcriptional mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we perform complementary bulk nuclei- and single-nucleus transcriptome profiling and map locus-specific chromatin interactions in mouse neocortex to identify the cell type-specific transcriptional changes associated with stress-induced behavioral maladaptation. We find that cortical excitatory neurons, layer 2/3 neurons in particular, are vulnerable to chronic stress and acquire signatures of gene transcription and chromatin structure associated with reduced neuronal activity and expression of Yin Yang 1 (YY1). Selective ablation of YY1 in cortical excitatory neurons enhances stress sensitivity in both male and female mice and alters the expression of stress-associated genes following an abbreviated stress exposure. These findings demonstrate how chronic stress impacts transcription in cortical excitatory neurons and identify YY1 as a regulator of stress-induced maladaptive behavior in mice. The mechanisms underlying the chronic stress-induced increased risk for major depressive disorder and anxiety are unclear. Here, the authors show the transcriptional changes occurring in neocortical neurons and identify YY1 as a regulator of chronic stress-induced maladaptive behavior in mice.
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23
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Charabati M, Grasmuck C, Ghannam S, Bourbonnière L, Fournier AP, Lécuyer MA, Tastet O, Kebir H, Rébillard RM, Hoornaert C, Gowing E, Larouche S, Fortin O, Pittet C, Filali-Mouhim A, Lahav B, Moumdjian R, Bouthillier A, Girard M, Duquette P, Cayrol R, Peelen E, Quintana FJ, Antel JP, Flügel A, Larochelle C, Arbour N, Zandee S, Prat A. DICAM promotes T H17 lymphocyte trafficking across the blood-brain barrier during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj0473. [PMID: 34985970 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Soufiane Ghannam
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Antoine P Fournier
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37073, Germany
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hania Kebir
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Olivier Fortin
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Camille Pittet
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Robert Moumdjian
- Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Carter for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37073, Germany
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
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24
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Chalmers SA, Ayilam Ramachandran R, Garcia SJ, Der E, Herlitz L, Ampudia J, Chu D, Jordan N, Zhang T, Parodis I, Gunnarsson I, Ding H, Shen N, Petri M, Mok CC, Saxena R, Polu KR, Connelly S, Ng CT, Mohan C, Putterman C. The CD6/ALCAM pathway promotes lupus nephritis via T cell-mediated responses. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e147334. [PMID: 34981775 PMCID: PMC8718154 DOI: 10.1172/jci147334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are central to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN), a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CD6 and its ligand, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), are involved in T cell activation and trafficking. Previously, we showed that soluble ALCAM is increased in urine (uALCAM) of patients with LN, suggesting that this pathway contributes to disease. To investigate, uALCAM was examined in 1038 patients with SLE and LN from 5 ethnically diverse cohorts; CD6 and ALCAM expression was assessed in LN kidney cells; and disease contribution was tested via antibody blockade of CD6 in murine models of SLE and acute glomerulonephritis. Extended cohort analysis offered resounding validation of uALCAM as a biomarker that distinguishes active renal involvement in SLE, irrespective of ethnicity. ALCAM was expressed by renal structural cells whereas CD6 expression was exclusive to T cells, with elevated numbers of CD6+ and ALCAM+ cells in patients with LN. CD6 blockade in models of spontaneous lupus and immune-complex glomerulonephritis revealed significant decreases in immune cells, inflammatory markers, and disease measures. Our data demonstrate the contribution of the CD6/ALCAM pathway to LN and SLE, supporting its use as a disease biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Chalmers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Sayra J. Garcia
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Evan Der
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Leal Herlitz
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Jordan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huihua Ding
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ramesh Saxena
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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25
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Turk OM, Woodall RC, Gutova M, Brown CE, Rockne RC, Munson JM. Delivery strategies for cell-based therapies in the brain: overcoming multiple barriers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2448-2467. [PMID: 34718958 PMCID: PMC8987295 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies to the brain are promising for the treatment of multiple brain disorders including neurodegeneration and cancers. In order to access the brain parenchyma, there are multiple physiological barriers that must be overcome depending on the route of delivery. Specifically, the blood-brain barrier has been a major difficulty in drug delivery for decades, and it still presents a challenge for the delivery of therapeutic cells. Other barriers, including the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and lymphatic-brain barrier, are less explored, but may offer specific challenges or opportunities for therapeutic delivery. Here we discuss the barriers to the brain and the strategies currently in place to deliver cell-based therapies, including engineered T cells, dendritic cells, and stem cells, to treat diseases. With a particular focus on cancers, we also highlight the current ongoing clinical trials that use cell-based therapies to treat disease, many of which show promise at treating some of the deadliest illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Turk
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Ryan C Woodall
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christine E Brown
- Departments of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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26
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Charoensaensuk V, Chen YC, Lin YH, Ou KL, Yang LY, Lu DY. Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression Leading to Apoptotic Death through the Oxidative Stress/NF-κB Pathway in Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:3033. [PMID: 34831265 PMCID: PMC8616253 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, has been proposed to cause blood vessel injury leading to cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. Brain endothelial cells compose the blood-brain barrier that protects homeostasis of the central nervous system. However, whether P. gingivalis causes the death of endothelial cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact and regulatory mechanisms of P. gingivalis infection in brain endothelial cells. We used bEnd.3 cells and primary mouse endothelial cells to assess the effects of P. gingivalis on endothelial cells. Our results showed that infection with live P. gingivalis, unlike heat-killed P. gingivalis, triggers brain endothelial cell death by inducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, P. gingivalis infection increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activated NF-κB, and up-regulated the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a most frequently used antioxidant, treatment significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced cell apoptosis and brain endothelial cell death. The enhancement of ROS production, NF-κB p65 activation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression was also attenuated by NAC treatment. The impact of P. gingivalis on brain endothelial cells was also confirmed using adult primary mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs). In summary, our results showed that P. gingivalis up-regulates IL-1β and TNF-α protein expression, which consequently causes cell death of brain endothelial cells through the ROS/NF-κB pathway. Our results, together with the results of previous case-control studies and epidemiologic reports, strongly support the hypothesis that periodontal infection increases the risk of developing cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (V.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ho Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (V.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- 3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22175, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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27
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Carleial S, Nätt D, Unternährer E, Elbert T, Robjant K, Wilker S, Vukojevic V, Kolassa IT, Zeller AC, Koebach A. DNA methylation changes following narrative exposure therapy in a randomized controlled trial with female former child soldiers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18493. [PMID: 34531495 PMCID: PMC8445994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aftermath of traumatization lives on in the neural and epigenetic traces creating a momentum of affliction in the psychological and social realm. Can psychotherapy reorganise these memories through changes in DNA methylation signatures? Using a randomised controlled parallel group design, we examined methylome-wide changes in saliva samples of 84 female former child soldiers from Eastern DR Congo before and six months after Narrative Exposure Therapy. Treatment predicted differentially methylated positions (DMPs) related to ALCAM, RIPOR2, AFAP1 and MOCOS. In addition, treatment associations overlapped at gene level with baseline clinical and social outcomes. Treatment related DMPs are involved in memory formation-the key agent in trauma focused treatments-and enriched for molecular pathways commonly affected by trauma related disorders. Results were partially replicated in an independent sample of 53 female former child soldiers from Northern Uganda. Our results suggest a molecular impact of psychological treatment in women with war-related childhood trauma.Trial registration: Addressing Heightened Levels of Aggression in Traumatized Offenders With Psychotherapeutic Means (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02992561, 14/12/2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Carleial
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel Nätt
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Linköping, Building 463, Room 12.023, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Unternährer
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Child- and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Elbert
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany ,Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Katy Robjant
- Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sarah Wilker
- Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany ,grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Department of Psychology and Sports Science, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vanja Vukojevic
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Psychiatric University Clinics, Transfaculty Research Platform, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany ,grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology & Education, University of Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja C. Zeller
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany ,Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anke Koebach
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Psychology, Centre for Psychiatry, University of Konstanz, Feuerstein-Strasse. 55, Haus 22, 78479 Konstanz, Germany ,Vivo International E.V., Postbox 5108, 78430 Konstanz, Germany
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28
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Taukulis IA, Olszewski RT, Korrapati S, Fernandez KA, Boger ET, Fitzgerald TS, Morell RJ, Cunningham LL, Hoa M. Single-Cell RNA-Seq of Cisplatin-Treated Adult Stria Vascularis Identifies Cell Type-Specific Regulatory Networks and Novel Therapeutic Gene Targets. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:718241. [PMID: 34566577 PMCID: PMC8458580 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.718241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocochlear potential (EP) generated by the stria vascularis (SV) is necessary for hair cell mechanotransduction in the mammalian cochlea. We sought to create a model of EP dysfunction for the purposes of transcriptional analysis and treatment testing. By administering a single dose of cisplatin, a commonly prescribed cancer treatment drug with ototoxic side effects, to the adult mouse, we acutely disrupt EP generation. By combining these data with single cell RNA-sequencing findings, we identify transcriptional changes induced by cisplatin exposure, and by extension transcriptional changes accompanying EP reduction, in the major cell types of the SV. We use these data to identify gene regulatory networks unique to cisplatin treated SV, as well as the differentially expressed and druggable gene targets within those networks. Our results reconstruct transcriptional responses that occur in gene expression on the cellular level while identifying possible targets for interventions not only in cisplatin ototoxicity but also in EP dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Taukulis
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafal T. Olszewski
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soumya Korrapati
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katharine A. Fernandez
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich T. Boger
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tracy S. Fitzgerald
- Mouse Auditory Testing Core Facility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lisa L. Cunningham
- Laboratory of Hearing Biology and Therapeutics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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29
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Zarghami N, Soto MS, Perez-Balderas F, Khrapitchev AA, Karali CS, Johanssen VA, Ansorge O, Larkin JR, Sibson NR. A novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging agent targeting activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule as demonstrated in mouse brain metastasis models. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1592-1607. [PMID: 33153376 PMCID: PMC8217895 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20968943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows visualization of biological processes at the molecular level. Upregulation of endothelial ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) is a key element for leukocyte recruitment in neurological disease. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop a novel molecular MRI contrast agent, by conjugating anti-ALCAM antibodies to microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO), for detection of endothelial ALCAM expression in vivo. Binding specificity of ALCAM-MPIO was demonstrated in vitro under static and flow conditions. Subsequently, in a proof-of-concept study, mouse models of brain metastasis were induced by intracardial injection of brain-tropic human breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma or melanoma cells to upregulate endothelial ALCAM. At selected time-points, mice were injected intravenously with ALCAM-MPIO, and ALCAM-MPIO induced hypointensities were observed on T2*-weighted images in all three models. Post-gadolinium MRI confirmed an intact blood-brain barrier, indicating endoluminal binding. Correlation between endothelial ALCAM expression and ALCAM-MPIO binding was confirmed histologically. Statistical analysis indicated high sensitivity (80-90%) and specificity (79-83%) for detection of endothelial ALCAM in vivo with ALCAM-MPIO. Given reports of endothelial ALCAM upregulation in numerous neurological diseases, this advance in our ability to image ALCAM in vivo may yield substantial improvements for both diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Zarghami
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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30
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Xu Q, Ye L, Huang L, Zhou L, Chen X, Ye M, Wu G, Zhan P, Lv T, Song Y. Serum Exosomal miRNA Might Be a Novel Liquid Biopsy to Identify Leptomeningeal Metastasis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2327-2335. [PMID: 33833530 PMCID: PMC8021268 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s291611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The survival time of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of lung cancer is very short, and the clinical characteristics of LM are varied, making the clinical diagnosis difficult. At present, a positive CSF fluid (CSF) cytology result remains the gold standard for diagnosing LM in lung cancer; however, the process of collecting CSF is traumatic and far less convenient than blood collection. With the development in technology, an increasing number of studies prefer to use liquid biopsy to diagnose or predict the occurrence of the disease. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether serum exosomal miRNA can replace miRNA from CSF to identify or predict the occurrence of LM. Patients and Methods Herein, four pairs of serum and CSF samples were collected at four different time points from a patient with LM from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serum and CSF exosomes were extracted. Western blot (CD63, TSG101) and electron microscope analyses were used to verify exosome extraction, after which exosomal miRNA sequencing was performed. Next, exosomal miRNA from serum and CSF samples from seven patients with LM and 30 patients without LM were collected for validation. Results Sequencing results of serum exosomal miRNA and CSF exosomal miRNA showed that there were 44 exosomal miRNAs stably co-expressed at four different time points. Then, three common miRNAs related to LM were found (hsa-miR-483-5p, hsa-miR-423-5p, and hsa-miR-342-5p). Subsequently, exosomal miRNA was extracted from serum and CSF samples from seven patients with LM and 30 patients without LM for verification, and the expression of these exosomal miRNA was detected. The results showed that miRNA-483-5p and miRNA-342-5p significantly differed in LM−/+ patients (P = 0.0142 and P = 0.0031, respectively), whereas miRNA-423-5p had no difference (P = 0.0921). Additionally, as the symptoms improved, the expression of these miRNAs decreased or remained stable. Conclusion Serum exosomal miRNA (hsa-miR-483-5p, and hsa-miR-342-5p) may be involved in LM of lung cancer and may replace CSF to predict LM in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Litang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Sch Med, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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31
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Ruth JH, Gurrea-Rubio M, Athukorala KS, Rasmussen SM, Weber DP, Randon PM, Gedert RJ, Lind ME, Amin MA, Campbell PL, Tsou PS, Mao-Draayer Y, Wu Q, Lanigan TM, Keshamouni VG, Singer NG, Lin F, Fox DA. CD6 is a target for cancer immunotherapy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145662. [PMID: 33497367 PMCID: PMC8021120 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limitations of checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy include induction of autoimmune syndromes and resistance of many cancers. Since CD318, a novel CD6 ligand, is associated with the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of human cancers, we tested the effect of an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody, UMCD6, on killing of cancer cells by human lymphocytes. UMCD6 augmented killing of breast, lung, and prostate cancer cells through direct effects on both CD8+ T cells and NK cells, increasing cancer cell death and lowering cancer cell survival in vitro more robustly than monoclonal antibody checkpoint inhibitors that interrupt the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. UMCD6 also augmented in vivo killing by human peripheral blood lymphocytes of a human breast cancer line xenotransplanted into immunodeficient mice. Mechanistically, UMCD6 upregulated the expression of the activating receptor NKG2D and downregulated expression of the inhibitory receptor NKG2A on both NK cells and CD8+ T cells, with concurrent increases in perforin and granzyme B production. The combined capability of an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody to control autoimmunity through effects on CD4+ lymphocyte differentiation while enhancing killing of cancer cells through distinct effects on CD8+ and NK cells opens a potential new approach to cancer immunotherapy that would suppress rather than instigate autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurology, and
| | | | | | - Nora G Singer
- Case Western Reserve University.,Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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32
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Huang X, Hussain B, Chang J. Peripheral inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption: effects and mechanisms. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 27:36-47. [PMID: 33381913 PMCID: PMC7804893 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiological barrier that separates the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral circulation, which contains inflammatory mediators and immune cells. The BBB regulates cellular and molecular exchange between the blood vessels and brain parenchyma. Normal functioning of the BBB is crucial for the homeostasis and proper function of the brain. It has been demonstrated that peripheral inflammation can disrupt the BBB by various pathways, resulting in different CNS diseases. Recently, clinical research also showed CNS complications following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy, which both lead to a cytokine storm in the circulation. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the BBB disruption induced by peripheral inflammation will provide an important basis for protecting the CNS in the context of exacerbated peripheral inflammatory diseases. In the present review, we first summarize the physiological properties of the BBB that makes the CNS an immune‐privileged organ. We then discuss the relevance of peripheral inflammation‐induced BBB disruption to various CNS diseases. Finally, we elaborate various factors and mechanisms of peripheral inflammation that disrupt the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Basharat Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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33
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Petersen CL, Chen JQ, Salas LA, Christensen BC. Altered immune phenotype and DNA methylation in panic disorder. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:177. [PMID: 33208194 PMCID: PMC7672933 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple studies have related psychiatric disorders and immune alterations. Panic disorder (PD) has been linked with changes in leukocytes distributions in several small studies using different methods for immune characterization. Additionally, alterations in the methylation of repetitive DNA elements, such as LINE-1, have been associated with mental disorders. Here, we use peripheral blood DNA methylation data from two studies and an updated DNA methylation deconvolution library to investigate the relation of leukocyte proportions and methylation status of repetitive elements in 133 patients with panic disorder compared with 118 controls. Methods and results We used DNA methylation data to deconvolute leukocyte cell-type proportions and to infer LINE-1 element methylation comparing PD cases and controls. We also identified differentially methylated CpGs associated with PD using an epigenome-wide association study approach (EWAS), with models adjusting for sex, age, and cell-type proportions. Individuals with PD had a lower proportion of CD8T cells (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96, P-adj = 0.030) when adjusting for age, sex, and study compared with controls. Also, PD cases had significantly lower LINE-1 repetitive element methylation than controls (P < 0.001). The EWAS identified 61 differentially methylated CpGs (58 hypo- and 3 hypermethylated) in PD (Bonferroni adjusted P < 1.33 × 10–7). Conclusions These results suggest that those with panic disorder have changes to their immune system and dysregulation of repeat elements relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis L Petersen
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Science Program, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Ji-Qing Chen
- Program for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA. .,Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, 660 Williamson Translation Research Building, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
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34
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Simões IT, Aranda F, Casadó-Llombart S, Velasco-de Andrés M, Català C, Álvarez P, Consuegra-Fernández M, Orta-Mascaró M, Merino R, Merino J, Alberola-Ila J, González-Aseguinolaza G, Carreras E, Martínez V, Lozano F. Multifaceted effects of soluble human CD6 in experimental cancer models. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2019-000172. [PMID: 32217757 PMCID: PMC7174071 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD6 is a lymphocyte surface co-receptor physically associated with the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex at the center of the immunological synapse. There, CD6 assists in cell-to-cell contact stabilization and modulation of activation/differentiation events through interaction with CD166/ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), its main reported ligand. While accumulating evidence is attracting new interest on targeting CD6 for therapeutic purposes in autoimmune disorders, little is known on its potential in cancer. In an attempt to elucidate the in vivo relevance of blocking CD6-mediated interactions in health and disease, we explored the consequences of expressing high circulating levels of a soluble form CD6 (sCD6) as a decoy receptor. Methods High sCD6 serum levels were achieved by using transgenic C57BL/6 mice expressing human sCD6 under the control of lymphoid-specific transcriptional elements (shCD6LckEμTg) or wild type either transduced with hepatotropic adeno-associated virus coding for mouse sCD6 or undergoing repeated infusions of recombinant human sCD6 protein. Characterization of sCD6-induced changes was performed by ex vivo flow cytometry and functional analyses of mouse lymphoid organ cells. The in vivo relevance of those changes was explored by challenging mice with subcutaneous or metastatic tumors induced by syngeneic cancer cells of different lineage origins. Results Through a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we show that circulating sCD6 expression induces defective regulatory T cell (Treg) generation and function, decreased CD166/ALCAM-mediated tumor cell proliferation/migration and impaired galectin-induced T-cell apoptosis, supporting the fact that sCD6 modulates antitumor lymphocyte effector function and tumorigenesis. Accordingly, sCD6 expression in vivo resulted in delayed subcutaneous tumor growth and/or reduced metastasis on challenge of mice with syngeneic cancer cells. Conclusions Evidence is provided for the disruption of CD6 receptor–ligand interactions as a feasible immunomodulatory approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês T Simões
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Pilar Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Marta Consuegra-Fernández
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Marc Orta-Mascaró
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, CSIC-UC, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Jesús Merino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - José Alberola-Ila
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Esther Carreras
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Vanesa Martínez
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain .,Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Immunologia, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Profaci CP, Munji RN, Pulido RS, Daneman R. The blood-brain barrier in health and disease: Important unanswered questions. J Exp Med 2020; 217:151582. [PMID: 32211826 PMCID: PMC7144528 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood vessels vascularizing the central nervous system exhibit a series of distinct properties that tightly control the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the parenchyma. This "blood-brain barrier" is initiated during angiogenesis via signals from the surrounding neural environment, and its integrity remains vital for homeostasis and neural protection throughout life. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction contributes to pathology in a range of neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis, stroke, and epilepsy, and has also been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. This review will discuss current knowledge and key unanswered questions regarding the blood-brain barrier in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina P Profaci
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Roeben N Munji
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert S Pulido
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Richard Daneman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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36
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Nishihara H, Gastfriend BD, Soldati S, Perriot S, Mathias A, Sano Y, Shimizu F, Gosselet F, Kanda T, Palecek SP, Du Pasquier R, Shusta EV, Engelhardt B. Advancing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models for studying immune cell interactions. FASEB J 2020; 34:16693-16715. [PMID: 33124083 PMCID: PMC7686106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001507rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived blood‐brain barrier (BBB) models established to date lack expression of key adhesion molecules involved in immune cell migration across the BBB in vivo. Here, we introduce the extended endothelial cell culture method (EECM), which differentiates hiPSC‐derived endothelial progenitor cells to brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC)‐like cells with good barrier properties and mature tight junctions. Importantly, EECM‐BMEC‐like cells exhibited constitutive cell surface expression of ICAM‐1, ICAM‐2, and E‐selectin. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine stimulation increased the cell surface expression of ICAM‐1 and induced cell surface expression of P‐selectin and VCAM‐1. Co‐culture of EECM‐BMEC‐like cells with hiPSC‐derived smooth muscle‐like cells or their conditioned medium further increased the induction of VCAM‐1. Functional expression of endothelial ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 was confirmed by T‐cell interaction with EECM‐BMEC‐like cells. Taken together, we introduce the first hiPSC‐derived BBB model that displays an adhesion molecule phenotype that is suitable for the study of immune cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin D Gastfriend
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Perriot
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Mathias
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasuteru Sano
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood Brain Barrier Laboratory, University of Artois, Lens, France
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Renaud Du Pasquier
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Centre, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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37
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Karreman MA, Winkler F. Targeting an adhesion molecule to prevent brain colonization of lung cancer. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:899-900. [PMID: 32296850 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthia A Karreman
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Michel L, Grasmuck C, Charabati M, Lécuyer MA, Zandee S, Dhaeze T, Alvarez JI, Li R, Larouche S, Bourbonnière L, Moumdjian R, Bouthillier A, Lahav B, Duquette P, Bar-Or A, Gommerman JL, Peelen E, Prat A. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule regulates B lymphocyte migration across central nervous system barriers. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/518/eaaw0475. [PMID: 31723036 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of B lymphocyte-associated oligoclonal immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid is a classic hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). The clinical efficacy of anti-CD20 therapies supports a major role for B lymphocytes in MS development. Although activated oligoclonal populations of pathogenic B lymphocytes are able to traffic between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with MS, molecular players involved in this migration have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) identifies subsets of proinflammatory B lymphocytes and drives their transmigration across different CNS barriers in mouse and human. We also showcased that blocking ALCAM alleviated disease severity in animals affected by a B cell-dependent form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Last, we determined that the proportion of ALCAM+ B lymphocytes was increased in the peripheral blood and within brain lesions of patients with MS. Our findings indicate that restricting access to the CNS by targeting ALCAM on pathogenic B lymphocytes might represent a promising strategy for the development of next-generation B lymphocyte-targeting therapies for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Michel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Tessa Dhaeze
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jorge I Alvarez
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | - Boaz Lahav
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Peelen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada. .,Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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39
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Li Y, Ruth JH, Rasmussen SM, Athukorala KS, Weber DP, Amin MA, Campbell PL, Singer NG, Fox DA, Lin F. Attenuation of Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Targeting CD6. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1505-1513. [PMID: 32307907 DOI: 10.1002/art.41288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD6 is an important regulator of T cell function that interacts with the ligands CD166 and CD318. To further clarify the significance of CD6 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we examined the effects of targeting CD6 in the mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), using CD6-knockout (CD6-KO) mice and CD6-humanized mice that express human CD6 in lieu of mouse CD6 on their T cells. METHODS We immunized wild-type (WT) and CD6 gene-KO mice with a collagen emulsion to induce CIA. For treatment studies using CD6-humanized mice, mice were immunized similarly and a mouse anti-human CD6 IgG (UMCD6) or control IgG was injected on days 7, 14, and 21. Joint tissues were evaluated for tissue damage, leukocyte infiltration, and local inflammatory cytokine production. Collagen-specific Th1, Th9, and Th17 responses and serum levels of collagen-specific IgG subclasses were also evaluated in WT and CD6-KO mice with CIA. RESULTS The absence of CD6 reduced 1) collagen-specific Th9 and Th17, but not Th1 responses, 2) the levels of many proinflammatory joint cytokines, and 3) serum levels of collagen-reactive total IgG and IgG1, but not IgG2a and IgG3. Joint homogenate hemoglobin content was significantly reduced in CD6-KO mice with CIA compared to WT mice with CIA (P < 0.05) (reduced angiogenesis). Moreover, treating CD6-humanized mice with mouse anti-human CD6 monoclonal antibody was similarly effective in reducing joint inflammation in CIA. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data suggest that interaction of CD6 with its ligands is important for the perpetuation of CIA and other inflammatory arthritides that are T cell driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Lin
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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40
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Du B, Wang Y, Yang GY, Bi X. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via Downregulation of Aquaporin-4 Expression in EAE Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3891-3901. [PMID: 32613467 PMCID: PMC7399688 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier disruption is one of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. Mesenchymal stem cells showed great potential for the multiple sclerosis therapy. However, the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells transplantation protected blood-brain barrier integrity and further explored possible underlying mechanisms. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide33-55 (MOG33-55) to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mesenchymal stem cells (5 × 105) were transplanted via tail vein at disease onset. In the cell culture, we examined lipopolysaccharide-induced AQP4 upregulation in astrocytes. Results indicated that mesenchymal stem cells therapy improved neurobehavioral outcomes in EAE mice, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, IgG protein leakage, and demyelination in spinal cord. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy also increased tight junction protein expression. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells downregulated AQP4 and A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) expression in EAE mice in spinal cord. We found that MSCs-conditioned medium (MCM) reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, AQP4 and A2BAR in lipopolysaccharide-activated astrocytes. BAY-60-6583 (a selective A2BAR agonist) reversed the MCM-induced AQP4 downregulation and increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, the upregulation effects of A2BAR agonist were eliminated when treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Thus, we concluded that mesenchymal stem cells alleviated blood-brain barrier disruption by downregulating AQP4 in multiple sclerosis, possibly through inhibiting the A2BAR/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Our work suggests that mesenchymal stem cells exert beneficial effect through maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingying Du
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Xiaoying Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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41
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Interrogation of the Microenvironmental Landscape in Brain Tumors Reveals Disease-Specific Alterations of Immune Cells. Cell 2020; 181:1643-1660.e17. [PMID: 32470396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain malignancies encompass a range of primary and metastatic cancers, including low-grade and high-grade gliomas and brain metastases (BrMs) originating from diverse extracranial tumors. Our understanding of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) remains limited, and it is unknown whether it is sculpted differentially by primary versus metastatic disease. We therefore comprehensively analyzed the brain TME landscape via flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, protein arrays, culture assays, and spatial tissue characterization. This revealed disease-specific enrichment of immune cells with pronounced differences in proportional abundance of tissue-resident microglia, infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells. These integrated analyses also uncovered multifaceted immune cell activation within brain malignancies entailing converging transcriptional trajectories while maintaining disease- and cell-type-specific programs. Given the interest in developing TME-targeted therapies for brain malignancies, this comprehensive resource of the immune landscape offers insights into possible strategies to overcome tumor-supporting TME properties and instead harness the TME to fight cancer.
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42
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Erbaba B, Burhan ÖP, Şerifoğlu N, Muratoğlu B, Kahveci F, Adams MM, Arslan-Ergül A. Zebrafish brain RNA sequencing reveals that cell adhesion molecules are critical in brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:164-175. [PMID: 32629311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex process, which involves multiple pathways including various components from cellular to molecular. This study aimed to investigate the gene expression changes in zebrafish brains through young-adult to adult, and adult to old age. RNA sequencing was performed on isolated neuronal cells from zebrafish brains. The cells were enriched in progenitor cell markers, which are known to diminish throughout the aging process. We found 176 statistically significant, differentially expressed genes among the groups, and identified a group of genes based on gene ontology descriptions, which were classified as cell adhesion molecules. The relevance of these genes was further tested in another set of zebrafish brains, human healthy, and Alzheimer's disease brain samples, as well as in Allen Brain Atlas data. We observed that the expression change of 2 genes, GJC2 and ALCAM, during the aging process was consistent in all experimental sets. Our findings provide a new set of markers for healthy brain aging and suggest new targets for therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begün Erbaba
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Pelin Burhan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naz Şerifoğlu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bihter Muratoğlu
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kahveci
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UMRAM, National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayça Arslan-Ergül
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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43
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van Langelaar J, Rijvers L, Smolders J, van Luijn MM. B and T Cells Driving Multiple Sclerosis: Identity, Mechanisms and Potential Triggers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:760. [PMID: 32457742 PMCID: PMC7225320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, multiple sclerosis (MS) has been viewed as being primarily driven by T cells. However, the effective use of anti-CD20 treatment now also reveals an important role for B cells in MS patients. The results from this treatment put forward T-cell activation rather than antibody production by B cells as a driving force behind MS. The main question of how their interaction provokes both B and T cells to infiltrate the CNS and cause local pathology remains to be answered. In this review, we highlight key pathogenic events involving B and T cells that most likely contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. These include (1) peripheral escape of B cells from T cell-mediated control, (2) interaction of pathogenic B and T cells in secondary lymph nodes, and (3) reactivation of B and T cells accumulating in the CNS. We will focus on the functional programs of CNS-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets in MS patients and discuss how these are defined by mechanisms such as antigen presentation, co-stimulation and cytokine production in the periphery. Furthermore, the potential impact of genetic variants and viral triggers on candidate subsets will be debated in the context of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie van Langelaar
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liza Rijvers
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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44
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Schönberg A, Hamdorf M, Bock F. Immunomodulatory Strategies Targeting Dendritic Cells to Improve Corneal Graft Survival. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051280. [PMID: 32354200 PMCID: PMC7287922 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the cornea is regarded as an immune-privileged tissue, transplantation always comes with the risk of rejection due to mismatches between donor and recipient. It is common sense that an alternative to corticosteroids as the current gold standard for treatment of corneal transplantation is needed. Since blood and lymphatic vessels have been identified as a severe risk factor for corneal allograft survival, much research has focused on vessel regression or inhibition of hem- and lymphangiogenesis in general. However, lymphatic vessels have been identified as required for the inflammation's resolution. Therefore, targeting other players of corneal engraftment could reveal new therapeutic strategies. The establishment of a tolerogenic microenvironment at the graft site would leave the recipient with the ability to manage pathogenic conditions independent from transplantation. Dendritic cells (DCs) as the central player of the immune system represent a target that allows the induction of tolerogenic mechanisms by many different strategies. These strategies are reviewed in this article with regard to their success in corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfrun Schönberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Matthias Hamdorf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (A.S.); (M.H.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-478-97789
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45
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Bernard-Patrzynski F, Lécuyer MA, Puscas I, Boukhatem I, Charabati M, Bourbonnière L, Ramassamy C, Leclair G, Prat A, Roullin VG. Isolation of endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes from mouse brain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226302. [PMID: 31851695 PMCID: PMC6919623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cell isolation from the central nervous system (CNS) has allowed fundamental understanding of blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties. However, poorly described isolation techniques or suboptimal cellular purity has been a weak point of some published scientific articles. Here, we describe in detail how to isolate and enrich, using a common approach, endothelial cells (ECs) from adult mouse brains, as well as pericytes (PCs) and astrocytes (ACs) from newborn mouse brains. Our approach allowed the isolation of these three brain cell types with purities of around 90%. Furthermore, using our protocols, around 3 times more PCs and 2 times more ACs could be grown in culture, as compared to previously published protocols. The cells were identified and characterized using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The ability of ECs to form a tight monolayer was assessed for passages 0 to 3. The expression of claudin-5, occludin, zonula occludens-1, P-glycoprotein-1 and breast cancer resistance protein by ECs, as well as the ability of the cells to respond to cytokine stimuli (TNF-α, IFN-γ) was also investigated by q-PCR. The transcellular permeability of ECs was evaluated in the presence of pericytes or astrocytes in a Transwell® model by measuring the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), dextran-FITC and sodium fluorescein permeability. Overall, ECs at passages 0 and 1 featured the best properties valued in a BBB model. Furthermore, pericytes did not increase tightness of EC monolayers, whereas astrocytes did regardless of their seeding location. Finally, ECs resuspended in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) could be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen without affecting their phenotype nor their capacity to form a tight monolayer, thus allowing these primary cells to be used for various longitudinal in vitro studies of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Neuroimmunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Puscas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Imane Boukhatem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Armand-Frappier Institute, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Grégoire Leclair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - V Gaëlle Roullin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Charabati M, Rabanel JM, Ramassamy C, Prat A. Overcoming the Brain Barriers: From Immune Cells to Nanoparticles. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 41:42-54. [PMID: 31839374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate carriers, often referred to as nanoparticles (NPs), represent an important pharmacological advance for drug protection and tissue-specific drug delivery. Accessing the central nervous system (CNS), however, is a complex process regulated by mainly three brain barriers. While some leukocyte (i.e., immune cell) subsets are equipped with the adequate molecular machinery to infiltrate the CNS in physiological and/or pathological contexts, the successful delivery of NPs into the CNS remains hindered by the tightness of the brain barriers. Here, we present an overview of the three major brain barriers and the mechanisms allowing leukocytes to migrate across each of them. We subsequently review different immune-inspired and -mediated strategies to deliver NPs into the CNS. Finally, we discuss the prospect of exploiting leukocyte trafficking mechanisms for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Rabanel
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531, Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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47
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Zamorano P, Koning T, Oyanadel C, Mardones GA, Ehrenfeld P, Boric MP, González A, Soza A, Sánchez FA. Galectin-8 induces endothelial hyperpermeability through the eNOS pathway involving S-nitrosylation-mediated adherens junction disassembly. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:313-323. [PMID: 30624618 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The permeability of endothelial cells is regulated by the stability of the adherens junctions, which is highly sensitive to kinase-mediated phosphorylation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-mediated S-nitrosylation of its protein components. Solid tumors can produce a variety of factors that stimulate these signaling pathways leading to endothelial cell hyperpermeability. This generates stromal conditions that facilitate tumoral growth and dissemination. Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is overexpressed in several carcinomas and has a variety of cellular effects that can contribute to tumor pathogenicity, including angiogenesis. Here we explored whether Gal-8 has also a role in endothelial permeability. We show that recombinant Gal-8 activates eNOS, induces S-nitrosylation of p120-catenin (p120) and dissociation of adherens junction, leading to hyperpermeability of the human endothelial cell line EAhy926. This pathway involves focal-adhesion kinase (FAK) activation downstream of eNOS as a requirement for eNOS-mediated p120 S-nitrosylation. This suggests a reciprocal, yet little understood, regulation of phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation events acting upon adherens junction permeability. In addition, glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Gal-8 pull-down experiments and function-blocking β1-integrin antibodies point to β1-integrins as cell surface components involved in Gal-8-induced hyperpermeability. Endogenous Gal-8 secreted from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 has similar hyperpermeability and signaling effects. Furthermore, the mouse cremaster model system showed that Gal-8 also activates eNOS, induces S-nitrosylation of adherens junction components and is an effective hyperpermeability agent in vivo. These results add endothelial permeability regulation by S-nitrosylation as a new function of Gal-8 that can potentially contribute to the pathogenicity of tumors overexpressing this lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Tania Koning
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Fisiología, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Alfonso González
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida. Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabiola A Sánchez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Valdivia, Chile
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Puscas I, Bernard-Patrzynski F, Jutras M, Lécuyer MA, Bourbonnière L, Prat A, Leclair G, Roullin VG. IVIVC Assessment of Two Mouse Brain Endothelial Cell Models for Drug Screening. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110587. [PMID: 31717321 PMCID: PMC6920823 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since most preclinical drug permeability assays across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are still evaluated in rodents, we compared an in vitro mouse primary endothelial cell model to the mouse b.End3 and the acellular parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) models for drug screening purposes. The mRNA expression of key feature membrane proteins of primary and bEnd.3 mouse brain endothelial cells were compared. Transwell® monolayer models were further characterized in terms of tightness and integrity. The in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was obtained by the correlation of the in vitro permeability data with log BB values obtained in mice for seven drugs. The mouse primary model showed higher monolayer integrity and levels of mRNA expression of BBB tight junction (TJ) proteins and membrane transporters (MBRT), especially for the efflux transporter Pgp. The IVIVC and drug ranking underlined the superiority of the primary model (r2 = 0.765) when compared to the PAMPA-BBB (r2 = 0.391) and bEnd.3 cell line (r2 = 0.019) models. The primary monolayer mouse model came out as a simple and reliable candidate for the prediction of drug permeability across the BBB. This model encompasses a rapid set-up, a fair reproduction of BBB tissue characteristics, and an accurate drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Puscas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (I.P.); (F.B.-P.); (M.J.)
| | - Florian Bernard-Patrzynski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (I.P.); (F.B.-P.); (M.J.)
| | - Martin Jutras
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (I.P.); (F.B.-P.); (M.J.)
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherc and du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (M.-A.L.); (L.B.); (A.P.)
- Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Neuroimmunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherc and du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (M.-A.L.); (L.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherc and du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (M.-A.L.); (L.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Grégoire Leclair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (I.P.); (F.B.-P.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (V.G.R.)
| | - V. Gaëlle Roullin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, CP6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (I.P.); (F.B.-P.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (V.G.R.)
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Stress-Induced Metabolic Disorder in Peripheral CD4+ T Cells Leads to Anxiety-like Behavior. Cell 2019; 179:864-879.e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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A Role for Nanoparticles in Treating Traumatic Brain Injury. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11090473. [PMID: 31540234 PMCID: PMC6781280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of disability in children and young adults, as well as a significant concern for elderly individuals. Depending on the severity, TBI can have a long-term impact on the quality of life for survivors of all ages. The primary brain injury can result in severe disability or fatality, and secondary brain damage can increase the complexities in cellular, inflammatory, neurochemical, and metabolic changes in the brain, which can last decades post-injury. Thus, survival from a TBI is often accompanied by lifelong disabilities. Despite the significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss, there are still no effective treatment options demonstrating an improved outcome in a large multi-center Phase III trial, which can be partially attributed to poor target engagement of delivered therapeutics. Thus, there is a significant unmet need to develop more effective delivery strategies to overcome the biological barriers that would otherwise inhibit transport of materials into the brain to prevent the secondary long-term damage associated with TBI. The complex pathology of TBI involving the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has limited the development of effective therapeutics and diagnostics. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop novel strategies to target the BBB. The leaky BBB caused by a TBI may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NP). The focus of this review is to provide a survey of NP-based strategies employed in preclinical models of TBI and to provide insights for improved NP based diagnostic or treatment approaches. Both passive and active delivery of various NPs for TBI are discussed. Finally, potential therapeutic targets where improved NP-mediated delivery could increase target engagement are identified with the overall goal of providing insight into open opportunities for NP researchers to begin research in TBI.
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