1
|
Zhang X, Chen Y, Chen H, Guo C, Su X, Mu T, Feng B, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang B, Li Y, Zhang H, Yuan W, Li H. Genome-wide analysis of TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED co-repressors and functional characterization of BnaA9.TPL regulating the embryogenesis and leaf morphology in rapeseed. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112149. [PMID: 38851591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) proteins belong to the Groucho (Gro)/Tup1 family co-repressors and act as broad co-repressors that modulate multiple phytohormone signalling pathways and various developmental processes in plant. However, TPL/TPR co-repressors so far are poorly understood in the rapeseed, one of the world-wide important oilseed crops. In this study, we comprehensively characterized eighteen TPL/TPR genes into five groups in the rapeseed genome. Members of TPL/TPR1/TPR4 and TPR2/TPR3 had close evolutionary relationship, respectively. All TPL/TPRs had similar expression patterns and encode conserved protein domain. In addition, we demonstrated that BnaA9.TPL interacted with all known plant repression domain (RD) sequences, which were distributed in non-redundant 24,238 (22.6 %) genes and significantly enriched in transcription factors in the rapeseed genome. These transcription factors were largely co-expressed with the TPL/TPR genes and involved in diverse pathway, including phytohormone signal transduction, protein kinases and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, BnaA9.TPL was revealed to regulate apical embryonic fate by interaction with Bna.IAA12 and suppression of PLETHORA1/2. BnaA9.TPL was also identified to regulate leaf morphology by interaction with Bna.AS1 (Asymmetric leaves 1) and suppression of KNOTTED-like homeobox genes and YABBY5. These data not only suggest the rapeseed TPL/TPRs play broad roles in different processes, but also provide useful information to uncover more TPL/TPR-mediated control of plant development in rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chaocheng Guo
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Tingting Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Biaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan M, Uhse S, Bindics J, Kogelmann B, Nagarajan N, Tabassum R, Ingole KD, Djamei A. Tip of the iceberg? Three novel TOPLESS-interacting effectors of the gall-inducing fungus Ustilago maydis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39021059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic pathogen causing smut disease in maize. It secretes a cocktail of effector proteins, which target different host proteins during its biotrophic stages in the host plant. One such class of proteins we identified previously is TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS-RELATED (TPR) transcriptional corepressors. Here, we screened 297 U. maydis effector candidates for their ability to interact with maize TPL protein RAMOSA 1 ENHANCER LOCUS 2 LIKE 2 (RELK2) and their ability to induce auxin signaling and thereby identified three novel TPL-interacting protein effectors (Tip6, Tip7, and Tip8). Structural modeling and mutational analysis allowed the identification of TPL-interaction motifs of Tip6 and Tip7. In planta interaction between Tip6 and Tip7 with RELK2 occurs mainly in nuclear compartments, whereas Tip8 colocalizes with RELK2 in a compartment outside the nucleus. Overexpression of Tip8 in nonhost plants leads to cell death, indicating recognition of the effector or its activity. By performing infection assays with single and multideletion mutants of U. maydis, we demonstrate a positive role of Tip6 and Tip7 in U. maydis virulence. Transcriptional profiling of maize leaves infected with Tip effector mutants in comparison with SG200 strain suggests Tip effector activities are not merely redundant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Simon Uhse
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Janos Bindics
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Benjamin Kogelmann
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Nithya Nagarajan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Riaz Tabassum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Kishor D Ingole
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng L, Gomez Mendez MF, Guo J, Jiang J, Zhang B, Chen H, Le B, Ke H, Dehesh K. Activation of stress-response genes by retrograde signaling-mediated destabilization of nuclear importin IMPα-9 and its interactor TPR2. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:884-899. [PMID: 38693693 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Stress-induced retrograde signal transmission from the plastids to the nucleus has long puzzled plant biologists. To address this, we performed a suppressor screen of the ceh1 mutant, which contains elevated 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclopyrophosphate (MEcPP) levels, and identified the gain-of-function mutant impα-9, which shows reversed dwarfism and suppressed expression of stress-response genes in the ceh1 background despite heightened MEcPP. Subsequent genetic and biochemical analyses established that the accumulation of MEcPP initiates an upsurge in Arabidopsis SKP1-like 1 (ASK1) abundance, a pivotal component in the proteasome degradation pathway. This increase in ASK1 prompts the degradation of IMPα-9. Moreover, we uncovered a protein-protein interaction between IMPα-9 and TPR2, a transcriptional co-suppressor and found that a reduction in IMPα-9 levels coincides with a decrease in TPR2 abundance. Significantly, the interaction between IMPα-9 and TPR2 was disrupted in impα-9 mutants, highlighting the critical role of a single amino acid alteration in maintaining their association. Disruption of their interaction results in the reversal of MEcPP-associated phenotypes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing analyses revealed that TPR2 binds globally to stress-response genes and suggested that IMPα-9 associates with the chromatin. They function together to suppress the expression of stress-response genes under normal conditions, but this suppression is alleviated in response to stress through the degradation of the suppressing machinery. The biological relevance of our discoveries was validated under high light stress, marked by MEcPP accumulation, elevated ASK1 levels, IMPα-9 degredation, reduced TPR2 abundance, and subsequent activation of a network of stress-response genes. In summary, our study collectively unveils fresh insights into plant adaptive mechanisms, highlighting intricate interactions among retrograde signaling, the proteasome, and nuclear transport machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zeng
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Gomez Mendez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jishan Jiang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bailong Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brandon Le
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mo H, Chang H, Zhao G, Hu G, Luo X, Jia X, Xu Z, Ren G, Feng L, Wendel JF, Chen X, Ren M, Li F. iJAZ-based approach to engineer lepidopteran pest resistance in multiple crop species. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:771-784. [PMID: 38684916 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) poses a significant threat to global crop production. Here we showed that overexpression of jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein GhJAZ24 confers resistance to cotton bollworm and FAW, while also causing sterility in transgenic cotton by recruiting TOPLESS and histone deacetylase 6. We identified the NGR motif of GhJAZ24 that recognizes and binds the aminopeptidase N receptor, enabling GhJAZ24 to enter cells and disrupt histone deacetylase 3, leading to cell death. To overcome plant sterility associated with GhJAZ24 overexpression, we developed iJAZ (i, induced), an approach involving damage-induced expression and a switch from intracellular to extracellular localization of GhJAZ24. iJAZ transgenic cotton maintained fertility and showed insecticidal activity against cotton bollworm and FAW. In addition, iJAZ transgenic rice, maize and tobacco plants showed insecticidal activity against their lepidopteran pests, resulting in an iJAZ-based approach for generating alternative insecticidal proteins with distinctive mechanisms of action, thus holding immense potential for future crop engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Mo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Huimin Chang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiumei Luo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Jia
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenlu Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangming Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jonathan F Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China.
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Grotewold E, Dudareva N. Enough is enough: feedback control of specialized metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:514-523. [PMID: 37625949 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of plant metabolism have highlighted the significance of specialized metabolites in the regulation of gene expression associated with biosynthetic networks. This opinion article focuses on the molecular mechanisms of small-molecule-mediated feedback regulation at the transcriptional level and its potential modes of action, including metabolite signal perception, the nature of the sensor, and the signaling transduction mechanisms leading to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, based on evidence available from plants and other kingdoms of life. We also discuss the challenges associated with identifying the occurrences, effects, and localization of small molecule-protein interactions. Further understanding of small-molecule-controlled metabolic fluxes will enable rational design of transcriptional regulation systems in metabolic engineering to produce high-value specialized metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leydon AR, Downing B, Sanchez JS, Loll-Krippleber R, Belliveau NM, Rodriguez-Mias RA, Bauer A, Watson IJ, Bae L, Villén J, Brown GW, Nemhauser JL. A conserved function of corepressors is to nucleate assembly of the transcriptional preinitiation complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587599. [PMID: 38617365 PMCID: PMC11014602 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The plant corepressor TPL is recruited to diverse chromatin contexts, yet its mechanism of repression remains unclear. Previously, we have leveraged the fact that TPL retains its function in a synthetic transcriptional circuit in the yeast model Saccharomyces cerevisiae to localize repressive function to two distinct domains. Here, we employed two unbiased whole genome approaches to map the physical and genetic interactions of TPL at a repressed locus. We identified SPT4, SPT5 and SPT6 as necessary for repression with the SPT4 subunit acting as a bridge connecting TPL to SPT5 and SPT6. We also discovered the association of multiple additional constituents of the transcriptional preinitiation complex at TPL-repressed promoters, specifically those involved in early transcription initiation events. These findings were validated in yeast and plants through multiple assays, including a novel method to analyze conditional loss of function of essential genes in plants. Our findings support a model where TPL nucleates preassembly of the transcription activation machinery to facilitate rapid onset of transcription once repression is relieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Downing
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Bauer
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | | | - Lena Bae
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Judit Villén
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA
| | - Grant W. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan M, Djamei A. TOPLESS Corepressors as an Emerging Hub of Plant Pathogen Effectors. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:190-195. [PMID: 38205771 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-23-0158-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional corepressors form an ancient and essential layer of gene expression control in eukaryotes. TOPLESS and TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) proteins constitute a conserved family of Groucho (Gro)/thymidine uptake 1 (Tup1)-type transcriptional corepressors and control diverse growth, developmental, and stress signaling responses in plants. Because of their central and versatile regulatory roles, they act as a signaling hub to integrate various input signaling pathways in the transcriptional responses. Recently, increasing pieces of evidence indicate the roles of TPL/TPR family proteins in the modulation of plant immunity. This is supported by studies on effectors of distantly related pathogens that target TPL/TPR proteins in planta. In this short review, we will summarize the latest findings concerning pathogens targeting plant TPL/TPR proteins to manipulate plant signaling responses for the successful invasion of their hosts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoona Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang L, Ökmen B, Stolze SC, Kastl M, Khan M, Hilbig D, Nakagami H, Djamei A, Doehlemann G. The fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis targets the maize corepressor RELK2 to modulate host transcription for tumorigenesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1747-1762. [PMID: 38037456 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic fungus that causes tumor formation on all aerial parts of maize. U. maydis secretes effector proteins during penetration and colonization to successfully overcome the plant immune response and reprogram host physiology to promote infection. In this study, we functionally characterized the U. maydis effector protein Topless (TPL) interacting protein 6 (Tip6). We found that Tip6 interacts with the N-terminus of RELK2 through its two Ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motifs. We show that the EAR motifs are essential for the virulence function of Tip6 and critical for altering the nuclear distribution pattern of RELK2. We propose that Tip6 mimics the recruitment of RELK2 by plant repressor proteins, thus disrupting host transcriptional regulation. We show that a large group of AP2/ERF B1 subfamily transcription factors are misregulated in the presence of Tip6. Our study suggests a regulatory mechanism where the U. maydis effector Tip6 utilizes repressive domains to recruit the corepressor RELK2 to disrupt the transcriptional networks of the host plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Bilal Ökmen
- Department of Microbial Interactions, IMIT/ZMBP, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Melanie Kastl
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Mamoona Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Daniel Hilbig
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
- Basic Immune System of Plants, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, 50829, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ezura K, Nomura Y, Ariizumi T. Molecular, hormonal, and metabolic mechanisms of fruit set, the ovary-to-fruit transition, in horticultural crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6254-6268. [PMID: 37279328 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is the process by which the ovary develops into a fruit and is an important factor in determining fruit yield. Fruit set is induced by two hormones, auxin and gibberellin, and the activation of their signaling pathways, partly by suppressing various negative regulators. Many studies have investigated the structural changes and gene networks in the ovary during fruit set, revealing the cytological and molecular mechanisms. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlIAA9 and SlDELLA/PROCERA act as auxin and gibberellin signaling repressors, respectively, and are important regulators of the activity of transcription factors and downstream gene expression involved in fruit set. Upon pollination, SlIAA9 and SlDELLA are degraded, which subsequently activates downstream cascades and mainly contributes to active cell division and cell elongation, respectively, in ovaries during fruit setting. According to current knowledge, the gibberellin pathway functions as the most downstream signal in fruit set induction, and therefore its role in fruit set has been extensively explored. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis has revealed the detailed dynamics of gene expression and metabolites downstream of gibberellins, highlighting the rapid activation of central carbon metabolism. This review will outline the relevant mechanisms at the molecular and metabolic levels during fruit set, particularly focusing on tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yukako Nomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pavlovic T, Margarit E, Müller GL, Saenz E, Ruzzo AI, Drincovich MF, Borrás L, Saigo M, Wheeler MCG. Differential metabolic reprogramming in developing soybean embryos in response to nutritional conditions and abscisic acid. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:89-103. [PMID: 37702897 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage compound deposition is influenced by both maternal and filial tissues. Within this framework, we analyzed strategies that operate during the development and filling of soybean embryos, using in vitro culture systems combined with metabolomics and proteomics approaches. The carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) of the maternal supply and the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are specific and interacting signals inducing differential metabolic reprogrammings linked to changes in the accumulation of storage macromolecules like proteins or oils. Differences in the abundance of sugars, amino acids, enzymes, transporters, transcription factors, and proteins involved in signaling were detected. Embryos adapted to the nutritional status by enhancing the metabolism of both carbon and nitrogen under lower C:N ratio condition or only carbon under higher C:N ratio condition. ABA turned off multiple pathways especially in high availability of amino acids, prioritizing the storage compounds biosynthesis. Common responses induced by ABA involved increased sucrose uptake (to increase the sink force) and oleosin (oil body structural component) accumulation. In turn, ABA differentially promoted protein degradation under lower nitrogen supply in order to sustain the metabolic demands. Further, the operation of a citrate shuttle was suggested by transcript quantification and enzymatic activity measurements. The results obtained are useful to help define biotechnological tools and technological approaches to improve oil and protein yields, with direct impact on human and animal nutrition as well as in green chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pavlovic
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Leticia Müller
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Saenz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino CC14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Iván Ruzzo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucas Borrás
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino CC14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seo PJ, Lee HG, Choi HY, Lee S, Park CM. Complexity of SMAX1 signaling during seedling establishment. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:902-912. [PMID: 37069002 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs) are small butenolide compounds identified in the smoke of burning vegetation. Along with the stimulating effects on seed germination, KARs also regulate seedling vigor and adaptive behaviors, such as seedling morphogenesis, root hair development, and stress acclimation. The pivotal KAR signaling repressor, SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1), plays central roles in these developmental and morphogenic processes through an extensive signaling network that governs seedling responses to endogenous and environmental cues. Here, we summarize the versatile roles of SMAX1 reported in recent years and discuss how SMAX1 integrates multiple growth hormone signals into optimizing seedling establishment. We also discuss the evolutionary relevance of the SMAX1-mediated signaling pathways during the colonization of aqueous plants to terrestrial environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hong Gil Lee
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lomin SN, Kolachevskaya OO, Arkhipov DV, Romanov GA. Canonical and Alternative Auxin Signaling Systems in Mono-, Di-, and Tetraploid Potatoes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11408. [PMID: 37511169 PMCID: PMC10380454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that the phytohormone auxin plays a promoting role in tuber formation and stress tolerance in potatoes. Our study aimed to identify and characterize the complete sets of auxin-related genes that presumably constitute the entire auxin signaling system in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The corresponding genes were retrieved from sequenced genomes of the doubled monoploid S. tuberosum DM1-3-516-R44 (DM) of the Phureja group, the heterozygous diploid line RH89-039-16 (RH), and the autotetraploid cultivar Otava. Both canonical and noncanonical auxin signaling pathways were considered. Phylogenetic and domain analyses of deduced proteins were supplemented by expression profiling and 3D molecular modeling. The canonical and ABP1-mediated pathways of auxin signaling appeared to be well conserved. The total number of potato genes/proteins presumably involved in canonical auxin signaling is 46 and 108 in monoploid DM and tetraploid Otava, respectively. Among the studied potatoes, spectra of expressed genes obviously associated with auxin signaling were partly cultivar-specific and quite different from analogous spectrum in Arabidopsis. Most of the noncanonical pathways found in Arabidopsis appeared to have low probability in potato. This was equally true for all cultivars used irrespective of their ploidy. Thus, some important features of the (noncanonical) auxin signaling pathways may be variable and species-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Lomin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana O Kolachevskaya
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Arkhipov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy A Romanov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li W, Yan J, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Guan Z, Yao Y, Chang Y, Tu H, Li X, Wang H, Xiong H, Lai X, Yin P, Xiong L. Serine protease NAL1 exerts pleiotropic functions through degradation of TOPLESS-related corepressor in rice. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1130-1142. [PMID: 37349549 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1) is a breeding-valuable pleiotropic gene that affects multiple agronomic traits in rice, although the molecular mechanism is largely unclear. Here, we report that NAL1 is a serine protease and displays a novel hexameric structure consisting of two ATP-mediated doughnut-shaped trimeric complexes. Moreover, we identified TOPLESS-related corepressor OsTPR2 involved in multiple growth and development processes as the substrate of NAL1. We found that NAL1 degraded OsTPR2, thus modulating the expression of downstream genes related to hormone signalling pathways, eventually achieving its pleiotropic physiological function. An elite allele, NAL1A, which may have originated from wild rice, could increase grain yield. Furthermore, the NAL1 homologues in different crops have a similar pleiotropic function to NAL1. Our study uncovers a NAL1-OsTPR2 regulatory module and provides gene resources for the design of high-yield crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeyuan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifu Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaijun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelei Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ferreira SS, Anderson CE, Antunes MS. A logical way to reprogram plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 654:80-86. [PMID: 36898227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Living cells constantly monitor their external and internal environments for changing conditions, stresses or developmental cues. Networks of genetically encoded components sense and process these signals following pre-defined rules in such a way that specific combinations of the presence or absence of certain signals activate suitable responses. Many biological signal integration mechanisms approximate Boolean logic operations, whereby presence or absence of signals are computed as variables with values described as either true or false, respectively. Boolean logic gates are commonly used in algebra and in computer sciences, and have long been recognized as useful information processing devices in electronic circuits. In these circuits, logic gates integrate multiple input values and produce an output signal according to pre-defined Boolean logic operations. Recent implementation of these logic operations using genetic components to process information in living cells has allowed genetic circuits to enable novel traits with decision-making capabilities. Although several literature reports describe the design and use of these logic gates to introduce new functions in bacterial, yeast and mammalian cells, similar approaches in plants remain scarce, likely due to challenges posed by the complexity of plants and the lack of some technological advances, e.g., species-independent genetic transformation. In this mini review, we have surveyed recent reports describing synthetic genetic Boolean logic operators in plants and the different gate architectures used. We also briefly discuss the potential of deploying these genetic devices in plants to bring to fruition a new generation of resilient crops and improved biomanufacturing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savio S Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA; BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Charles E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA; BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| | - Mauricio S Antunes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA; BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rhizogenic Agrobacterium protein RolB interacts with the TOPLESS repressor proteins to reprogram plant immunity and development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210300120. [PMID: 36634142 PMCID: PMC9934019 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210300120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizogenic Agrobacterium strains comprise biotrophic pathogens that cause hairy root disease (HRD) on hydroponically grown Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae crops, besides being widely explored agents for the creation of hairy root cultures for the sustainable production of plant-specialized metabolites. Hairy root formation is mediated through the expression of genes encoded on the T-DNA of the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid, of which several, including root oncogenic locus B (rolB), play a major role in hairy root development. Despite decades of research, the exact molecular function of the proteins encoded by the rol genes remains enigmatic. Here, by means of TurboID-mediated proximity labeling in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hairy roots, we identified the repressor proteins TOPLESS (TPL) and Novel Interactor of JAZ (NINJA) as direct interactors of RolB. Although these interactions allow RolB to act as a transcriptional repressor, our data hint at another in planta function of the RolB oncoprotein. Hence, by a series of plant bioassays, transcriptomic and DNA-binding site enrichment analyses, we conclude that RolB can mitigate the TPL functioning so that it leads to a specific and partial reprogramming of phytohormone signaling, immunity, growth, and developmental processes. Our data support a model in which RolB manipulates host transcription, at least in part, through interaction with TPL, to facilitate hairy root development. Thereby, we provide important mechanistic insights into this renowned oncoprotein in HRD.
Collapse
|
16
|
Intertwined Wdr47-NTD dimer recognizes a basic-helical motif in Camsap proteins for proper central-pair microtubule formation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
17
|
Bindics J, Khan M, Uhse S, Kogelmann B, Baggely L, Reumann D, Ingole KD, Stirnberg A, Rybecky A, Darino M, Navarrete F, Doehlemann G, Djamei A. Many ways to TOPLESS - manipulation of plant auxin signalling by a cluster of fungal effectors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1455-1470. [PMID: 35944559 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant biotrophic pathogens employ secreted molecules, called effectors, to suppress the host immune system and redirect the host's metabolism and development in their favour. Putative effectors of the gall-inducing maize pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis were analysed for their ability to induce auxin signalling in plants. Using genetic, biochemical, cell-biological, and bioinformatic approaches we functionally elucidate a set of five, genetically linked effectors, called Topless (TPL) interacting protein (Tips) effectors that induce auxin signalling. We show that Tips induce auxin signalling by interfering with central corepressors of the TPL family. CRISPR-Cas9 mutants and deletion strain analysis indicate that the auxin signalling inducing subcluster effectors plays a redundant role in virulence. Although none of the Tips seem to have a conserved interaction motif, four of them bind solely to the N-terminal TPL domain and, for Tip1 and Tip4, we demonstrate direct competition with auxin/indole-3-acetic acid transcriptional repressors for their binding to TPL class of corepressors. Our findings reveal that TPL proteins, key regulators of growth-defence antagonism, are a major target of the U. maydis effectome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janos Bindics
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mamoona Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Uhse
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Kogelmann
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Baggely
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Reumann
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kishor D Ingole
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stirnberg
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Rybecky
- CEPLAS, Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Darino
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fernando Navarrete
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunther Doehlemann
- CEPLAS, Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna Bio Center (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A single helix repression domain is functional across diverse eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206986119. [PMID: 36191192 PMCID: PMC9564828 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206986119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) and its paralogs coordinately regulate a large number of genes critical to plant development and immunity. As in many members of the larger pan-eukaryotic Tup1/TLE/Groucho corepressor family, TPL contains a Lis1 Homology domain (LisH), whose function is not well understood. We have previously found that the LisH in TPL-and specifically the N-terminal 18 amino acid alpha-helical region (TPL-H1)-can act as an autonomous repression domain. We hypothesized that homologous domains across diverse LisH-containing proteins could share the same function. To test that hypothesis, we built a library of H1s that broadly sampled the sequence and evolutionary space of LisH domains, and tested their activity in a synthetic transcriptional repression assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using this approach, we found that repression activity was highly conserved and likely the ancestral function of this motif. We also identified key residues that contribute to repressive function. We leveraged this new knowledge for two applications. First, we tested the role of mutations found in somatic cancers on repression function in two human LisH-containing proteins. Second, we validated function of many of our repression domains in plants, confirming that these sequences should be of use to synthetic biology applications across many eukaryotes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Figueiredo MRAD, Strader LC. Intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of Aux/IAA protein degradation dynamics. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:865-874. [PMID: 35817652 PMCID: PMC9464691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin acts through regulated degradation of Auxin/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) proteins to regulate transcriptional events. In this review, we examine the composition and function of each Aux/IAA structural motif. We then focus on recent characterization of Aux/IAA N-terminal disordered regions, formation of secondary structure within these disordered regions, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect Aux/IAA function and stability. We propose how structural variations between Aux/IAA family members may be tuned for differential transcriptional repression and degradation dynamics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lardon R, Trinh HK, Xu X, Vu LD, Van De Cotte B, Pernisová M, Vanneste S, De Smet I, Geelen D. Histidine kinase inhibitors impair shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana via cytokinin signaling and SAM patterning determinants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:894208. [PMID: 36684719 PMCID: PMC9847488 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.894208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification involved in virtually all plant processes, as it mediates protein activity and signal transduction. Here, we probe dynamic protein phosphorylation during de novo shoot organogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. We find that application of three kinase inhibitors in various time intervals has different effects on root explants. Short exposures to the putative histidine (His) kinase inhibitor TCSA during the initial days on shoot induction medium (SIM) are detrimental for regeneration in seven natural accessions. Investigation of cytokinin signaling mutants, as well as reporter lines for hormone responses and shoot markers, suggests that TCSA impedes cytokinin signal transduction via AHK3, AHK4, AHP3, and AHP5. A mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteome analysis further reveals profound deregulation of Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphoproteins regulating protein modification, transcription, vesicle trafficking, organ morphogenesis, and cation transport. Among TCSA-responsive factors are prior candidates with a role in shoot apical meristem patterning, such as AGO1, BAM1, PLL5, FIP37, TOP1ALPHA, and RBR1, as well as proteins involved in polar auxin transport (e.g., PIN1) and brassinosteroid signaling (e.g., BIN2). Putative novel regeneration determinants regulated by TCSA include RD2, AT1G52780, PVA11, and AVT1C, while NAIP2, OPS, ARR1, QKY, and aquaporins exhibit differential phospholevels on control SIM. LC-MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD030754.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lardon
- HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hoang Khai Trinh
- HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Van De Cotte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Markéta Pernisová
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- HortiCell, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
An C, Deng L, Zhai H, You Y, Wu F, Zhai Q, Goossens A, Li C. Regulation of jasmonate signaling by reversible acetylation of TOPLESS in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1329-1346. [PMID: 35780296 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) regulates plant immunity and adaptive growth by orchestrating a genome-wide transcriptional program. Key regulators of JA-responsive gene expression include the master transcription factor MYC2, which is repressed by the conserved Groucho/Tup1-like corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) in the resting state. However, the mechanisms underlying TPL-mediated transcriptional repression of MYC2 activity and hormone-dependent switching between repression and de-repression remain enigmatic. Here, we report the regulation of TPL activity and JA signaling by reversible acetylation of TPL. We found that the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 could mediate TPL acetylation, which enhances its interaction with the NOVEL-INTERACTOR-OF-JAZ (NINJA) adaptor and promotes its recruitment to MYC2 target promoters, facilitating transcriptional repression. Conversely, TPL deacetylation by the histone deacetylase HDA6 weakens TPL-NINJA interaction and inhibits TPL recruitment to MYC2 target promoters, facilitating transcriptional activation. In the resting state, the opposing activities of GCN5 and HDA6 maintain TPL acetylation homeostasis, promoting transcriptional repression activity of TPL. In response to JA elicitation, HDA6 expression is transiently induced, resulted in decreased TPL acetylation and repressor activity, thereby transcriptional activation of MYC2 target genes. Thus, the GCN5-TPL-HDA6 module maintains the homeostasis of acetylated TPL, thereby determining the transcriptional state of JA-responsive genes. Our findings uncovered a mechanism by which the TPL corepressor activity in JA signaling is actively tuned in a rapid and reversible manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huawei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yanrong You
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Su C, Yu Y, He Y, Wei H, Li N, Li H, Duan J, Li B, Li J, Davis SJ, Wang L. TIME FOR COFFEE regulates phytochrome A-mediated hypocotyl growth through dawn-phased signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2907-2924. [PMID: 35543486 PMCID: PMC9338810 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To enhance plant fitness under natural conditions, the circadian clock is synchronized and entrained by light via photoreceptors. In turn, the circadian clock exquisitely regulates the abundance and activity of photoreceptors via largely uncharacterized mechanisms. Here we show that the clock regulator TIME FOR COFFEE (TIC) controls the activity of the far-red light photoreceptor phytochrome A (phyA) at multiple levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Null mutants of TIC displayed dramatically increased sensitivity to light irradiation with respect to hypocotyl growth, especially to far-red light. RNA-sequencing demonstrated that TIC and phyA play largely opposing roles in controlling light-regulated gene expression at dawn. Additionally, TIC physically interacts with the transcriptional repressor TOPLESS (TPL), which was associated with the significantly increased PHYA transcript levels in the tic-2 and tpl-1 mutants. Moreover, TIC interacts with phyA in the nucleus, thereby affecting phyA protein turnover and the formation of phyA nuclear speckles following light irradiation. Genetically, phyA was found to act downstream of TIC in regulating far red light-inhibited growth. Taken together, these findings indicate that TIC acts as a major negative regulator of phyA by integrating transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms at multiple levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10093, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10093, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10093, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cancé C, Martin-Arevalillo R, Boubekeur K, Dumas R. Auxin response factors are keys to the many auxin doors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:402-419. [PMID: 35434800 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, most developmental programs depend on the action of auxin. The best described model of the auxin signaling pathway, which explains most, but not all, of the auxin transcriptional responses, relies on a de-repression mechanism. The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid repressors (Aux/IAAs) interact with the auxin response factors (ARFs), the transcription factors of the auxin signaling pathway, leading to repression of the ARF-controlled genes. Auxin induces Aux/IAA degradation, releases ARFs and activates transcription. However, this elegant model is not suitable for all ARFs. Indeed, in Arabidopsis, which has 22 ARFs, only five of them fit into the model since they are the ones able to interact with Aux/IAAs. The remaining 17 have a limited capacity to interact with the repressors, and their mechanisms of action are still unclear. The differential interactions between ARF and Aux/IAA proteins constitute one of many examples of the biochemical and structural diversification of ARFs that affect their action and therefore affect auxin transcriptional responses. A deeper understanding of the structural properties of ARFs is fundamental to obtaining a better explanation of the action of auxin in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Cancé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Raquel Martin-Arevalillo
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kenza Boubekeur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Onosato H, Fujimoto G, Higami T, Sakamoto T, Yamada A, Suzuki T, Ozawa R, Matsunaga S, Seki M, Ueda M, Sako K, Galis I, Arimura GI. Sustained defense response via volatile signaling and its epigenetic transcriptional regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:922-933. [PMID: 35201346 PMCID: PMC9157098 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive volatiles emitted from herbivore-damaged neighboring plants to urgently adapt or prime their defense responses to prepare for forthcoming herbivores. Mechanistically, these volatiles can induce epigenetic regulation based on histone modifications that alter the transcriptional status of defense genes, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To understand the roles of such epigenetic regulation of plant volatile signaling, we explored the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to the volatile β-ocimene. Defense traits of Arabidopsis plants toward larvae of Spodoptera litura were induced in response to β-ocimene, through enriched histone acetylation and elevated transcriptional levels of defense gene regulators, including ethylene response factor genes (ERF8 and ERF104) in leaves. The enhanced defense ability of the plants was maintained for 5 d but not over 10 d after exposure to β-ocimene, and this coincided with elevated expression of those ERFs in their leaves. An array of histone acetyltransferases, including HAC1, HAC5, and HAM1, were responsible for the induction and maintenance of the anti-herbivore property. HDA6, a histone deacetylase, played a role in the reverse histone remodeling. Collectively, our findings illuminate the role of epigenetic regulation in plant volatile signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Onosato
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Genya Fujimoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tomota Higami
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Ozawa
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu 520-2113, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Kaori Sako
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Gen-ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen J, Yang S, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. The Mediator Complex: A Central Coordinator of Plant Adaptive Responses to Environmental Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116170. [PMID: 35682844 PMCID: PMC9181133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are constantly exposed to a variety of environmental stresses and have evolved adaptive mechanisms, including transcriptional reprogramming, in order to survive or acclimate under adverse conditions. Over the past several decades, a large number of gene-specific transcription factors have been identified in the transcriptional regulation of plant adaptive responses. The Mediator complex plays a key role in transducing signals from gene-specific transcription factors to the transcription machinery to activate or repress target gene expression. Since its first purification about 15 years ago, plant Mediator complex has been extensively analyzed for its composition and biological functions. Mutants of many plant Mediator subunits are not lethal but are compromised in growth, development and response to biotic and abiotic stress, underscoring a particularly important role in plant adaptive responses. Plant Mediator subunits also interact with partners other than transcription factors and components of the transcription machinery, indicating the complexity of the regulation of gene expression by plant Mediator complex. Here, we present a comprehensive discussion of recent analyses of the structure and function of plant Mediator complex, with a particular focus on its roles in plant adaptive responses to a wide spectrum of environmental stresses and associated biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Su Yang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.C.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.); +1-765-494-4657 (Z.C.)
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.C.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8683-6090 (C.Z.); +1-765-494-4657 (Z.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Structural and Functional Insights into GID/CTLH E3 Ligase Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115863. [PMID: 35682545 PMCID: PMC9180843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-subunit E3 ligases facilitate ubiquitin transfer by coordinating various substrate receptor subunits with a single catalytic center. Small molecules inducing targeted protein degradation have exploited such complexes, proving successful as therapeutics against previously undruggable targets. The C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) complex, also called the glucose-induced degradation deficient (GID) complex, is a multi-subunit E3 ligase complex highly conserved from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans, with roles in fundamental pathways controlling homeostasis and development in several species. However, we are only beginning to understand its mechanistic basis. Here, we review the literature of the CTLH complex from all organisms and place previous findings on individual subunits into context with recent breakthroughs on its structure and function.
Collapse
|
27
|
Vonapartis E, Mohamed D, Li J, Pan W, Wu J, Gazzarrini S. CBF4/DREB1D represses XERICO to attenuate ABA, osmotic and drought stress responses in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:961-977. [PMID: 35199890 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Water stress can severely impact plant growth, productivity and yield. Consequently, plants have evolved various strategies through which they can respond and adapt to their environment. XERICO (XER) is a stress-responsive RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates abscisic acid (ABA) levels and promotes drought tolerance when overexpressed. To better understand the biological role of XER in stress responses, we characterized a xer-1 hypomorphic mutant and a CRISPR/Cas9-induced xer-2 null mutant in Arabidopsis. Both xer mutant alleles exhibited increased drought sensitivity, supporting the results from overexpression studies. Furthermore, we discovered that both xer mutants have greater stomatal indices and that XER is expressed in epidermal cells, indicating that XER functions in the epidermis to repress stomatal development. To explore XER spatiotemporal and stress-dependent regulation, we conducted a yeast one-hybrid screen and found that CBF4/DREB1D associates with the XER 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR). We generated three cbf4 null mutants with CRISPR/Cas9 and showed that CBF4 negatively regulates ABA responses, promotes stomatal development and reduces drought tolerance, in contrast to the roles shown for XER. CBF4 is induced by ABA and osmotic stress, and localizes to the nucleus where it downregulates XER expression via the DRE element in its 5'-UTR. Lastly, genetic interaction studies confirmed that xer is epistatic to cbf4 in stomatal development and in ABA, osmotic and drought stress responses. We propose that the repression of XER by CBF4 functions to attenuate ABA signaling and stress responses to maintain a balance between plant growth and survival under adverse environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Vonapartis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Deka Mohamed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Jingru Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saini R, Nandi AK. TOPLESS in the regulation of plant immunity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1-12. [PMID: 35347548 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the multiple ways how topless and topless-related proteins regulate defense activation in plants and help in optimizing the defense-growth tradeoff. Eukaryotic gene expression is tightly regulated at various levels by hormones, transcription regulators, post-translational modifications, and transcriptional coregulators. TOPLESS (TPL)/TOPLESS-related (TPR) corepressors regulate gene expression by interacting with other transcription factors. TPRs regulate auxin, gibberellins, jasmonic acid, strigolactone, and brassinosteroid signaling in plants. In general, except for GA, TPLs suppress these signaling pathways to prevent unwanted activation of hormone signaling. The association of TPL/TPRs in these hormonal signaling reflects a wide role of this class of corepressors in plants' normal and stress physiology. The involvement of TPL in immune responses was first demonstrated a decade ago as a repressor of DND1 and DND2 that are negative regulators of plant immune response. Over the last decade, several research groups have established a larger role of TPL/TPRs in plant immunity during both pattern- and effector-triggered immunity. Very recent research unraveled the significant involvement of TPRs in balancing the growth and defense trade-off. TPRs, along with proteasomal degradation complex, miRNA, and phasiRNA, suppress the activation of autoimmunity in plants under normal conditions and promote defense under pathogen attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Saini
- 415, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Nandi
- 415, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fritsche S, Rippel Salgado L, Boron AK, Hanning KR, Donaldson LA, Thorlby G. Transcriptional Regulation of Pine Male and Female Cone Initiation and Development: Key Players Identified Through Comparative Transcriptomics. Front Genet 2022; 13:815093. [PMID: 35368695 PMCID: PMC8971679 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.815093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With long reproductive timescales, large complex genomes, and a lack of reliable reference genomes, understanding gene function in conifers is extremely challenging. Consequently, our understanding of which genetic factors influence the development of reproductive structures (cones) in monoecious conifers remains limited. Genes with inferred roles in conifer reproduction have mostly been identified through homology and phylogenetic reconstruction with their angiosperm counterparts. We used RNA-sequencing to generate transcriptomes of the early morphological stages of cone development in the conifer species Pinus densiflora and used these to gain a deeper insight into the transcriptional changes during male and female cone development. Paired-end Illumina sequencing was used to generate transcriptomes from non-reproductive tissue and male and female cones at four time points with a total of 382.82 Gbp of data generated. After assembly and stringent filtering, a total of 37,164 transcripts were retrieved, of which a third were functionally annotated using the Mercator plant pipeline. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis resulted in the identification of 172,092 DEGs in the nine tissue types. This, alongside GO gene enrichment analyses, pinpointed transcripts putatively involved in conifer reproductive structure development, including co-orthologs of several angiosperm flowering genes and several that have not been previously reported in conifers. This study provides a comprehensive transcriptome resource for male and early female cone development in the gymnosperm species Pinus densiflora. Characterisation of this resource has allowed the identification of potential key players and thus provides valuable insights into the molecular regulation of reproductive structure development in monoecious conifers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Fritsche
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Leonardo Rippel Salgado
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand
- Molecular and Digital Breeding, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Te Puke, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Glenn Thorlby
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Glenn Thorlby,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Navarrete F, Gallei M, Kornienko AE, Saado I, Khan M, Chia KS, Darino MA, Bindics J, Djamei A. TOPLESS promotes plant immunity by repressing auxin signaling and is targeted by the fungal effector Naked1. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100269. [PMID: 35529945 PMCID: PMC9073326 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal signaling. The perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from invading microorganisms inhibits auxin signaling and plant growth. Conversely, pathogens manipulate auxin signaling to promote disease, but how this hormone inhibits immunity is not fully understood. Ustilago maydis is a maize pathogen that induces auxin signaling in its host. We characterized a U. maydis effector protein, Naked1 (Nkd1), that is translocated into the host nucleus. Through its native ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, Nkd1 binds to the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLESS/TOPLESS-related (TPL/TPRs) and prevents the recruitment of a transcriptional repressor involved in hormonal signaling, leading to the de-repression of auxin and jasmonate signaling and thereby promoting susceptibility to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens. A moderate upregulation of auxin signaling inhibits the PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, an early defense response. Thus, our findings establish a clear mechanism for auxin-induced pathogen susceptibility. Engineered Nkd1 variants with increased expression or increased EAR-mediated TPL/TPR binding trigger typical salicylic-acid-mediated defense reactions, leading to pathogen resistance. This implies that moderate binding of Nkd1 to TPL is a result of a balancing evolutionary selection process to enable TPL manipulation while avoiding host recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarrete
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michelle Gallei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra E. Kornienko
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Indira Saado
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Mamoona Khan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Khong-Sam Chia
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin A. Darino
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janos Bindics
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Patel R, Mehta K, Goswami D, Saraf M. An Anecdote on Prospective Protein Targets for Developing Novel Plant Growth Regulators. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:109-129. [PMID: 34561838 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormones are the main regulatory molecules of core signalling networks associated with plant life cycle regulation. Manipulation of hormone signalling cascade enables the control over physiological traits of plant, which has major applications in field of agriculture and food sustainability. Hence, stable analogues of these hormones are long sought after and many of them are currently known, but the quest for more effective, stable and economically viable analogues is still going on. This search has been further strengthened by the identification of the components of signalling cascade such as receptors, downstream cascade members and transcription factors. Furthermore, many proteins of phytohormone cascades are available in crystallized forms. Such crystallized structures can provide the basis for identification of novel interacting compounds using in silico approach. Plenty of computational tools and bioinformatics software are now available that can aid in this process. Here, the metadata of all the major phytohormone signalling cascades are presented along with discussion on major protein-ligand interactions and protein components that may act as a potential target for manipulation of phytohormone signalling cascade. Furthermore, structural aspects of phytohormones and their known analogues are also discussed that can provide the basis for the synthesis of novel analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Patel
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Krina Mehta
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Meenu Saraf
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rodrigues VL, Dolde U, Sun B, Blaakmeer A, Straub D, Eguen T, Botterweg-Paredes E, Hong S, Graeff M, Li MW, Gendron JM, Wenkel S. A microProtein repressor complex in the shoot meristem controls the transition to flowering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:187-202. [PMID: 34015131 PMCID: PMC8418433 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroProteins are potent post-translational regulators. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the miP1a/b microProteins delay floral transition by forming a complex with CONSTANS (CO) and the co-repressor protein TOPLESS. To better understand the function of the miP1a microProtein in floral repression, we performed a genetic suppressor screen to identify suppressors of miP1a (sum) function. One mutant, sum1, exhibited strong suppression of the miP1a-induced late-flowering phenotype. Mapping of sum1 identified another allele of the gene encoding the histone H3K4 demethylase JUMONJI14 (JMJ14), which is required for miP1a function. Plants carrying mutations in JMJ14 exhibit an early flowering phenotype that is largely dependent on CO activity, supporting an additional role for CO in the repressive complex. We further investigated whether miP1a function involves chromatin modification, performed whole-genome methylome sequencing studies with plants ectopically expressing miP1a, and identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Among these DMRs is the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), the prime target of miP1a that is ectopically methylated in a JMJ14-dependent manner. Moreover, when aberrantly expressed at the shoot apex, CO induces early flowering, but only when JMJ14 is mutated. Detailed analysis of the genetic interaction among CO, JMJ14, miP1a/b, and TPL revealed a potential role for CO as a repressor of flowering in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Altogether, our results suggest that a repressor complex operates in the SAM, likely to maintain it in an undifferentiated state until leaf-derived florigen signals induce SAM conversion into a floral meristem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandasue L. Rodrigues
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ulla Dolde
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anko Blaakmeer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Straub
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tenai Eguen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Esther Botterweg-Paredes
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Shinyoung Hong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Moritz Graeff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Man-Wah Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06511, USA
| | - Joshua M. Gendron
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven CT 06511, USA
| | - Stephan Wenkel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- NovoCrops Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Plant AR, Larrieu A, Causier B. Repressor for hire! The vital roles of TOPLESS-mediated transcriptional repression in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:963-973. [PMID: 33909309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional corepressors play important roles in establishing the appropriate levels of gene expression during growth and development. The TOPLESS (TPL) family of corepressors are critical for all plant life. TPLs are involved in numerous developmental processes and in the response to extrinsic challenges. As such these proteins have been the focus of intense study since Long and colleagues first described the TPL corepressor in 2006. In this review we will explore the evolutionary history of these essential plant-specific proteins, their mechanism of action based on recent structural analyses, and the myriad of pathways in which they function. We speculate how relatively minor changes in the peptide sequence of transcriptional regulators allowed them to recruit TPL into new processes, driving innovation and resulting in TPL becoming vital for plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Robert Plant
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Antoine Larrieu
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Barry Causier
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pathak PK, Zhang F, Peng S, Niu L, Chaturvedi J, Elliott J, Xiang Y, Tadege M, Deng J. Structure of the unique tetrameric STENOFOLIA homeodomain bound with target promoter DNA. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1050-1063. [PMID: 34342278 PMCID: PMC8329861 DOI: 10.1107/s205979832100632x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox transcription factors are key regulators of morphogenesis and development in both animals and plants. In plants, the WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family of transcription factors function as central organizers of several developmental programs ranging from embryo patterning to meristematic stem-cell maintenance through transcriptional activation and repression mechanisms. The Medicago truncatula STENOFOLIA (STF) gene is a master regulator of leaf-blade lateral development. Here, the crystal structure of the homeodomain (HD) of STF (STF-HD) in complex with its promoter DNA is reported at 2.1 Å resolution. STF-HD binds DNA as a tetramer, enclosing nearly the entire bound DNA surface. The STF-HD tetramer is partially stabilized by docking of the C-terminal tail of one protomer onto a conserved hydrophobic surface on the head of another protomer in a head-to-tail manner. STF-HD specifically binds TGA motifs, although the promoter sequence also contains TAAT motifs. Helix α3 not only serves a canonical role as a base reader in the major groove, but also provides DNA binding in the minor groove through basic residues located at its C-terminus. The structural and functional data in planta reported here provide new insights into the DNA-binding mechanisms of plant-specific HDs from the WOX family of transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Shuxia Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lifang Niu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Juhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Justin Elliott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Methyl Jasmonate Applications in Viticulture: A Tool to Increase the Content of Flavonoids and Stilbenes in Grapes and Wines. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7060133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the interest in methyl jasmonate (MeJ) has increased in viticulture due to its effects on the synthesis of phenolic secondary metabolites in grapes, especially of anthocyanins, flavonols, and stilbenes derivatives, naturally occurring or synthesized, in berries in response to MeJ application to grapevines. These metabolites help to define sensory characteristics of wines by contributing to their color, flavor and mouthfeel properties, and to derive potential beneficial health effects due to their consumption. This review offers an overview of the importance of these phenolic compounds in grape and wine quality, in association with the MeJ supplementation to grapevines, and also considers their natural biosynthesis in grapes. On the other hand, this review describes the adaptation mechanisms induced after the grapevine elicitation. In addition, this report addresses the effects of MeJ over other aspects of Vitis immunity and its association with phenolic compounds and summarizes the recently published reports about the effects of exogenous MeJ applications to grapevines on grape and wine quality.
Collapse
|
36
|
Leydon AR, Wang W, Gala HP, Gilmour S, Juarez-Solis S, Zahler ML, Zemke JE, Zheng N, Nemhauser JL. Repression by the Arabidopsis TOPLESS corepressor requires association with the core mediator complex. eLife 2021; 10:66739. [PMID: 34075876 PMCID: PMC8203292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) is recruited to a large number of loci that are selectively induced in response to developmental or environmental cues, yet the mechanisms by which it inhibits expression in the absence of these stimuli are poorly understood. Previously, we had used the N-terminus of Arabidopsis thaliana TPL to enable repression of a synthetic auxin response circuit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Here, we leveraged the yeast system to interrogate the relationship between TPL structure and function, specifically scanning for repression domains. We identified a potent repression domain in Helix 8 located within the CRA domain, which directly interacted with the Mediator middle module subunits Med21 and Med10. Interactions between TPL and Mediator were required to fully repress transcription in both yeast and plants. In contrast, we found that multimer formation, a conserved feature of many corepressors, had minimal influence on the repression strength of TPL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, United States
| | - Hardik P Gala
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Sabrina Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Mollye L Zahler
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Joseph E Zemke
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Seattle, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bowman JL, Flores Sandoval E, Kato H. On the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plant Auxin Biology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a040048. [PMID: 33558368 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid, that is, auxin, is a molecule found in a broad phylogenetic distribution of organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. In the ancestral land plant auxin was co-opted to be the paramount phytohormone mediating tropic responses and acting as a facilitator of developmental decisions throughout the life cycle. The evolutionary origins of land plant auxin biology genes can now be traced with reasonable clarity. Genes encoding the two enzymes of the land plant auxin biosynthetic pathway arose in the ancestral land plant by a combination of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria and possible neofunctionalization following gene duplication. Components of the auxin transcriptional signaling network have their origins in ancestral alga genes, with gene duplication and neofunctionalization of key domains allowing integration of a portion of the preexisting transcriptional network with auxin. Knowledge of the roles of orthologous genes in extant charophycean algae is lacking, but could illuminate the ancestral functions of both auxin and the co-opted transcriptional network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chromatin phosphoproteomics unravels a function for AT-hook motif nuclear localized protein AHL13 in PAMP-triggered immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2004670118. [PMID: 33419940 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004670118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many eukaryotic systems during immune responses, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) link cytoplasmic signaling to chromatin events by targeting transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and the RNA polymerase machinery. So far, knowledge on these events is scarce in plants and no attempts have been made to focus on phosphorylation events of chromatin-associated proteins. Here we carried out chromatin phosphoproteomics upon elicitor-induced activation of Arabidopsis The events in WT were compared with those in mpk3, mpk4, and mpk6 mutant plants to decipher specific MAPK targets. Our study highlights distinct signaling networks involving MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 in chromatin organization and modification, as well as in RNA transcription and processing. Among the chromatin targets, we characterized the AT-hook motif containing nuclear localized (AHL) DNA-binding protein AHL13 as a substrate of immune MAPKs. AHL13 knockout mutant plants are compromised in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced reactive oxygen species production, expression of defense genes, and PAMP-triggered immunity. Transcriptome analysis revealed that AHL13 regulates key factors of jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling and affects immunity toward Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea pathogens. Mutational analysis of the phosphorylation sites of AHL13 demonstrated that phosphorylation regulates AHL13 protein stability and thereby its immune functions.
Collapse
|
39
|
Das S, Weijers D, Borst JW. Auxin Response by the Numbers. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:442-451. [PMID: 33500193 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is fundamental to the growth and development of land plants, and acts in large part through the control of gene activity. Genetic and biochemical analysis of the nuclear auxin signaling pathway (NAP) has led to the establishment of a generic model for auxin-dependent gene regulation. To understand how this dynamic system operates in living cells, quantitative data are needed. For this, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha provides a useful model system. Its limited number of NAP components, combined with experimental approaches to determine concentrations, binding affinities, and turnover rates, will enable a new, quantitative view on the mechanisms that allow auxin to control plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Das
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dolf Weijers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Darino M, Chia K, Marques J, Aleksza D, Soto‐Jiménez LM, Saado I, Uhse S, Borg M, Betz R, Bindics J, Zienkiewicz K, Feussner I, Petit‐Houdenot Y, Djamei A. Ustilago maydis effector Jsi1 interacts with Topless corepressor, hijacking plant jasmonate/ethylene signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3393-3407. [PMID: 33247447 PMCID: PMC8126959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is the causal agent of maize smut disease. During the colonization process, the fungus secretes effector proteins that suppress immune responses and redirect the host metabolism in favor of the pathogen. As effectors play a critical role during plant colonization, their identification and functional characterization are essential to understanding biotrophy and disease. Using biochemical, molecular, and transcriptomic techniques, we performed a functional characterization of the U. maydis effector Jasmonate/Ethylene signaling inducer 1 (Jsi1). Jsi1 interacts with several members of the plant corepressor family Topless/Topless related (TPL/TPR). Jsi1 expression in Zea mays and Arabidopsis thaliana leads to transcriptional induction of the ethylene response factor (ERF) branch of the jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) signaling pathway. In A. thaliana, activation of the ERF branch leads to biotrophic susceptibility. Jsi1 likely activates the ERF branch via an EAR (ET-responsive element binding-factor-associated amphiphilic repression) motif, which resembles EAR motifs from plant ERF transcription factors, that interacts with TPL/TPR proteins. EAR-motif-containing effector candidates were identified from different fungal species, including Magnaporthe oryzae, Sporisorium scitamineum, and Sporisorium reilianum. Interaction between plant TPL proteins and these effector candidates from biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi indicates the convergent evolution of effectors modulating the TPL/TPR corepressor hub.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Darino
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Khong‐Sam Chia
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben06466Germany
| | - Joana Marques
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - David Aleksza
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Vienna1180Austria
| | - Luz Mayela Soto‐Jiménez
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Indira Saado
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben06466Germany
| | - Simon Uhse
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Michael Borg
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Ruben Betz
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben06466Germany
| | - Janos Bindics
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and LipidomicsGoettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GoettingenGoettingenD‐37077Germany
- Department of Plant BiochemistryAlbrecht von Haller Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GöttingenGöttingenD‐37077Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and LipidomicsGoettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GoettingenGoettingenD‐37077Germany
- Department of Plant BiochemistryAlbrecht von Haller Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GöttingenGöttingenD‐37077Germany
| | - Yohann Petit‐Houdenot
- UMR BIOGERINRAAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐Grignon78850France
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich,NR4 7UKUK
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI)Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)Vienna1030Austria
- The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)OT Gatersleben06466Germany
- Present address:
Department of PhytopathologyInstitute of Crop Science and Resource ConservationUniversity of BonnBonn53115Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Opposing functions of the plant TOPLESS gene family during SNC1-mediated autoimmunity. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009026. [PMID: 33621240 PMCID: PMC7935258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the plant immune system is important for controlling the specificity and amplitude of responses to pathogens and in preventing growth-inhibiting autoimmunity that leads to reductions in plant fitness. In previous work, we reported that SRFR1, a negative regulator of effector-triggered immunity, interacts with SNC1 and EDS1. When SRFR1 is non-functional in the Arabidopsis accession Col-0, SNC1 levels increase, causing a cascade of events that lead to autoimmunity phenotypes. Previous work showed that some members of the transcriptional co-repressor family TOPLESS interact with SNC1 to repress negative regulators of immunity. Therefore, to explore potential connections between SRFR1 and TOPLESS family members, we took a genetic approach that examined the effect of each TOPLESS member in the srfr1 mutant background. The data indicated that an additive genetic interaction exists between SRFR1 and two members of the TOPLESS family, TPR2 and TPR3, as demonstrated by increased stunting and elevated PR2 expression in srfr1 tpr2 and srfr1 tpr2 tpr3 mutants. Furthermore, the tpr2 mutation intensifies autoimmunity in the auto-active snc1-1 mutant, indicating a novel role of these TOPLESS family members in negatively regulating SNC1-dependent phenotypes. This negative regulation can also be reversed by overexpressing TPR2 in the srfr1 tpr2 background. Similar to TPR1 that positively regulates snc1-1 phenotypes by interacting with SNC1, we show here that TPR2 directly binds the N-terminal domain of SNC1. In addition, TPR2 interacts with TPR1 in vivo, suggesting that the opposite functions of TPR2 and TPR1 are based on titration of SNC1-TPR1 complexes by TPR2 or altered functions of a SNC1-TPR1-TPR2 complex. Thus, this work uncovers diverse functions of individual members of the TOPLESS family in Arabidopsis and provides evidence for the additive effect of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of SNC1. The immune system is a double-edged sword that affords organisms with protection against infectious diseases but can also lead to negative effects if not properly controlled. Plants only possess an innate antimicrobial immune system that relies on rapid upregulation of defenses once immune receptors detect the presence of microbes. Plant immune receptors known as resistance proteins play a key role in rapidly triggering defenses if pathogens breach other defenses. A common model of unregulated immunity in the reference Arabidopsis variety Columbia-0 involves a resistance gene called SNC1. When the SNC1 protein accumulates to unnaturally high levels or possesses auto-activating mutations, the visible manifestations of immune overactivity include stunted growth and low biomass and seedset. Consequently, expression of this gene and accumulation of the encoded protein are tightly regulated on multiple levels. Despite careful study the mechanisms of SNC1 gene regulation are not fully understood. Here we present data on members of the well-known TOPLESS family of transcriptional repressors. While previously characterized members were shown to function in indirect activation of defenses, TPR2 and TPR3 are shown here to function in preventing high defense activity. This study therefore contributes to the understanding of complex regulatory processes in plant immunity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Lubega J, Umbreen S, Loake GJ. Recent advances in the regulation of plant immunity by S-nitrosylation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:864-872. [PMID: 33005916 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety to a reactive protein cysteine (Cys) thiol, to form a protein S-nitrosothiol (SNO), is emerging as a key regulatory post-translational modification (PTM) to control the plant immune response. NO also S-nitrosylates the antioxidant tripeptide, glutathione, to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), both a storage reservoir of NO bioactivity and a natural NO donor. GSNO and, by extension, S-nitrosylation, are controlled by GSNO reductase1 (GSNOR1). The emerging data suggest that GSNOR1 itself is a target of NO-mediated S-nitrosylation, which subsequently controls its selective autophagy, regulating cellular protein SNO levels. Recent findings also suggest that S-nitrosylation may be deployed by pathogen-challenged host cells to counteract the effect of delivered microbial effector proteins that promote pathogenesis and by the pathogens themselves to augment virulence. Significantly, it also appears that S-nitrosylation may regulate plant immune functions by controlling SUMOylation, a peptide-based PTM. In this context, global SUMOylation is regulated by S-nitrosylation of SUMO conjugating enzyme 1 (SCE1) at Cys139. This redox-based PTM has also been shown to control the function of a key zinc finger transcriptional regulator during the establishment of plant immunity. Here, we provide an update of these recent advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jibril Lubega
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Saima Umbreen
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li ZX, Lan JB, Liu YQ, Qi LW, Tang JM. Investigation of the role of AcTPR2 in kiwifruit and its response to Botrytis cinerea infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:557. [PMID: 33302873 PMCID: PMC7731759 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit response to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea can provide the basis for its molecular breeding to impart resistance against this disease. In this study, 'Hongyang' kiwifruit served as the experimental material; the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) co-repressor gene AcTPR2 was cloned into a pTRV2 vector (AcTPR2-TRV) and the virus-induced gene silencing technique was used to establish the functions of the AcTPR2 gene in kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea. RESULTS Virus-induced silencing of AcTPR2 enhanced the susceptibility of kiwifruit to Botrytis cinerea. Defensive enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and endogenous phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) were detected. Kiwifruit activated these enzymes and endogenous phytohormones in response to pathogen-induced stress and injury. The expression levels of the IAA signaling genes-AcNIT, AcARF1, and AcARF2-were higher in the AcTPR2-TRV treatment group than in the control. The IAA levels were higher and the rot phenotype was more severe in AcTPR2-TRV kiwifruits than that in the control. These results suggested that AcTPR2 downregulation promotes expression of IAA and IAA signaling genes and accelerates postharvest kiwifruit senescence. Further, Botrytis cinerea dramatically upregulated AcTPR2, indicating that AcTPR2 augments kiwifruit defense against pathogens by downregulating the IAA and IAA signaling genes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study could help clarify the regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance in kiwifruit and furnish genetic resources for molecular breeding of kiwifruit disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bin Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Min Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Carianopol CS, Gazzarrini S. SnRK1α1 Antagonizes Cell Death Induced by Transient Overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana ABI5 Binding Protein 2 (AFP2). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:582208. [PMID: 33133119 PMCID: PMC7550686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to environmental stressors. They have thus evolved complex signaling pathways to govern responses to a variety of stimuli. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been implicated in modulating both abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. ABI5 Binding Proteins (AFPs) are a family of negative regulators of bZIP transcription factors of the AREB/ABF family, which promote ABA responses. AFP2 interacts with Snf1-Related protein Kinase 1 (SnRK1), which belongs to a highly conserved heterotrimeric kinase complex that is activated to re-establish energy homeostasis following stress. However, the role of this interaction is currently unknown. Here, we show that transient overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana AFP2 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves induces cell death (CD). Using truncated AFP2 constructs, we demonstrate that CD induction by AFP2 is dependent on the EAR domain. Co-expression of the catalytic subunit SnRK1α1, but not SnRK1α2, rescues AFP2-induced CD. Overexpression of SnRK1α1 has little effect on AFP2 protein level and does not affect AFP2 subcellular localization. Our results show that a high level of AFP2 is detrimental for cell function and that SnRK1α1 antagonizes AFP2-induced CD most likely through a mechanism that does not involve AFP2 protein degradation or a change in subcellular localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Steliana Carianopol
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Harvey S, Kumari P, Lapin D, Griebel T, Hickman R, Guo W, Zhang R, Parker JE, Beynon J, Denby K, Steinbrenner J. Downy Mildew effector HaRxL21 interacts with the transcriptional repressor TOPLESS to promote pathogen susceptibility. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008835. [PMID: 32785253 PMCID: PMC7446885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) is an oomycete pathogen causing Arabidopsis downy mildew. Effector proteins secreted from the pathogen into the plant play key roles in promoting infection by suppressing plant immunity and manipulating the host to the pathogen's advantage. One class of oomycete effectors share a conserved 'RxLR' motif critical for their translocation into the host cell. Here we characterize the interaction between an RxLR effector, HaRxL21 (RxL21), and the Arabidopsis transcriptional co-repressor Topless (TPL). We establish that RxL21 and TPL interact via an EAR motif at the C-terminus of the effector, mimicking the host plant mechanism for recruiting TPL to sites of transcriptional repression. We show that this motif, and hence interaction with TPL, is necessary for the virulence function of the effector. Furthermore, we provide evidence that RxL21 uses the interaction with TPL, and its close relative TPL-related 1, to repress plant immunity and enhance host susceptibility to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Harvey
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Institut für Phytopathologie, Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lapin
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Griebel
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Hickman
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Guo
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Runxuan Zhang
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland United Kingdom
| | - Jane E. Parker
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jim Beynon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Denby
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ramos Báez R, Buckley Y, Yu H, Chen Z, Gallavotti A, Nemhauser JL, Moss BL. A Synthetic Approach Allows Rapid Characterization of the Maize Nuclear Auxin Response Circuit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1713-1722. [PMID: 32123041 PMCID: PMC7140906 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays a key role across all land plants in growth and developmental processes. Although auxin signaling function has diverged and expanded, differences in the molecular functions of signaling components have largely been characterized in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we used the nuclear Auxin Response Circuit recapitulated in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) system to functionally annotate maize (Zea mays) auxin signaling components, focusing on genes expressed during the development of ear and tassel inflorescences. All 16 maize auxin/indole-3-acetic acid repressor proteins were degraded in response to auxin with rates that depended on both receptor and repressor identities. When fused to the maize TOPLESS homolog RAMOSA1 ENHANCER LOCUS2, maize auxin/indole-3-acetic acids were able to repress AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR transcriptional activity. A complete auxin response circuit comprising all maize components, including the ZmAFB2/3 b1 maize AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (AFB) receptor, was fully functional. The ZmAFB2/3 b1 auxin receptor was more sensitive to hormone than AtAFB2 and allowed for rapid circuit activation upon auxin addition. These results validate the conserved role of predicted auxin response genes in maize as well as provide evidence that a synthetic approach can facilitate broader comparative studies across the wide range of species with sequenced genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Román Ramos Báez
- University of Washington, Department of Biology, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Yuli Buckley
- Whitman College, Department of Biology, Walla Walla, Washington 99362
| | - Han Yu
- Whitman College, Department of Biology, Walla Walla, Washington 99362
| | - Zongliang Chen
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020
| | - Andrea Gallavotti
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | | | - Britney L Moss
- Whitman College, Department of Biology, Walla Walla, Washington 99362
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bartlett M. Looking back to look forward: protein-protein interactions and the evolution of development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1127-1133. [PMID: 31494948 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary modification of development was fundamental in generating extant plant diversity. Similarly, the modification of development is a path forward to engineering the plants of the future, provided we know enough about what to modify. Understanding how extant diversity was generated will reveal productive pathways forward for modifying development. Here, I discuss four examples of developmental pathways that have been remodeled by changes to protein-protein interactions. These are cases where changes to developmental pathways have been paralleled by recent changes, selected for or engineered by humans. Extant plant diversity represents a vast treasure trove of molecular solutions to ecological problems. Mining this treasure trove will allow for the intentional modification of plant development for solving future problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine Bartlett
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, 221 Morrill 2, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Machin DC, Hamon-Josse M, Bennett T. Fellowship of the rings: a saga of strigolactones and other small signals. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:621-636. [PMID: 31442309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are an important class of plant signalling molecule with both external rhizospheric and internal hormonal functions in flowering plants. The past decade has seen staggering progress in strigolactone biology, permitting highly detailed understanding of their signalling, synthesis and biological roles - or so it seems. However, phylogenetic analyses show that strigolactone signalling mediated by the D14-SCFMAX2 -SMXL7 complex is only one of a number of closely related signalling pathways, and is much less ubiquitous in land plants than might be expected. The existence of closely related pathways, such as the KAI2-SMAX1 module, challenges many of our assumptions about strigolactones, and in particular emphasises how little we understand about the specificity of strigolactone signalling with respect to related signalling pathways. In this review, we examine recent advances in strigolactone signalling, taking a holistic evolutionary view to identify the ambiguities and uncertainties in our understanding. We highlight that while we now have highly detailed molecular models for the core mechanism of D14-SMXL7 signalling, we still do not understand the ligand specificity of D14, the specificity of its interaction with SMXL7, nor the specificity of SMXL7 function. Our analysis therefore identifies key areas requiring further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Machin
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Maxime Hamon-Josse
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tom Bennett
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Evolution of the Auxin Response Factors from charophyte ancestors. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008400. [PMID: 31553720 PMCID: PMC6797205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a major developmental regulator in plants and the acquisition of a transcriptional response to auxin likely contributed to developmental innovations at the time of water-to-land transition. Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) Transcription Factors (TFs) that mediate auxin-dependent transcriptional changes are divided into A, B and C evolutive classes in land plants. The origin and nature of the first ARF proteins in algae is still debated. Here, we identify the most ‘ancient’ ARF homologue to date in the early divergent charophyte algae Chlorokybus atmophyticus, CaARF. Structural modelling combined with biochemical studies showed that CaARF already shares many features with modern ARFs: it is capable of oligomerization, interacts with the TOPLESS co-repressor and specifically binds Auxin Response Elements as dimer. In addition, CaARF possesses a DNA-binding specificity that differs from class A and B ARFs and that was maintained in class C ARF along plants evolution. Phylogenetic evidence together with CaARF biochemical properties indicate that the different classes of ARFs likely arose from an ancestral proto-ARF protein with class C-like features. The foundation of auxin signalling would have thus happened from a pre-existing hormone-independent transcriptional regulation together with the emergence of a functional hormone perception complex. Plants transition from water to land was determining for the history of our planet, since it led to atmospheric and soil condition changes that promoted the appearance of other life forms. This transition initiated around 1 billion years ago from a Charophyte algae lineage that acquired features allowing it to adapt to the very different terrestrial conditions. Land plants coordinate their development with external stimuli through signalling mechanisms triggered by plant hormones. Therefore, evolution of these molecules and their signalling pathways likely played an important role in the aquatic to terrestrial move. In this manuscript we study the origin of auxin signalling, a plant hormone implicated in all plant developmental steps. Our studies suggest that out of the three families of proteins originally proposed to trigger auxin signalling in land plants, only one existed in Charophyte ancestors as a likely transcriptional repressor independent of auxin. We show that despite millions of years of evolution, this family of proteins has conserved its biochemical and structural properties that are found today in land plants. The results presented here provide an insight on how hormone signalling pathways could have evolved by co-opting a pre-existing hormone-independent transcriptional regulatory mechanism.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang F, Wang H, Kalve S, Wolabu TW, Nakashima J, Golz JF, Tadege M. Control of leaf blade outgrowth and floral organ development by LEUNIG, ANGUSTIFOLIA3 and WOX transcriptional regulators. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:2024-2038. [PMID: 31087654 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant lateral organ development is a complex process involving both transcriptional activation and repression mechanisms. The WOX transcriptional repressor WOX1/STF, the LEUNIG (LUG) transcriptional corepressor and the ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) transcriptional coactivator play important roles in leaf blade outgrowth and flower development, but how these factors coordinate their activities remains unclear. Here we report physical and genetic interactions among these key regulators of leaf and flower development. We developed a novel in planta transcriptional activation/repression assay and suggest that LUG could function as a transcriptional coactivator during leaf blade development. MtLUG physically interacts with MtAN3, and this interaction appears to be required for leaf and flower development. A single amino acid substitution at position 61 in the SNH domain of MtAN3 protein abolishes its interaction with MtLUG, and its transactivation activity and biological function. Mutations in lug and an3 enhanced each other's mutant phenotypes. Both the lug and the an3 mutations enhanced the wox1 prs leaf and flower phenotypes in Arabidopsis. Our findings together suggest that transcriptional repression and activation mediated by the WOX, LUG and AN3 regulators function in concert to promote leaf and flower development, providing novel mechanistic insights into the complex regulation of plant lateral organ development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Shweta Kalve
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Tezera W Wolabu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Jin Nakashima
- Noble Research Institute, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - John F Golz
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| |
Collapse
|