1
|
Chaudhary M, Kumar A, Bala Sharma K, Vrati S, Sehgal D. In silico identification of chikungunya virus replication inhibitor validated using biochemical and cell-based approaches. FEBS J 2024; 291:2656-2673. [PMID: 38303163 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Discovering an alternative therapy with a long-lasting effect on symptoms caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is prompted by the lack of a vaccine and the absence of safe, effective and non-toxic medications. One potential strategy is synthesizing or identifying small compounds that can specifically target the active site of an essential enzyme and prevent virus replication. Previous site-directed mutagenesis studies have demonstrated the crucial role of the macrodomain, which is a part of non-structural protein 3 (nsP3), in virus replication. Exploiting this fact, the macrodomain can be targeted to discover a natural substance that can inhibit its function and thereby impede virus replication. With this aim, the present study focused on potential CHIKV nsP3 macrodomain (nsP3MD) inhibitors through in silico, in vitro and cell-based methods. Through virtual screening of the natural compound library, nine nsP3MD inhibitors were initially identified. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to evaluate these nine compounds based on the stability of their ligand-receptor complexes and energy parameters. Target analysis and ADMET (i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) prediction of the selected compounds revealed their drug-like characteristics. Subsequent in vitro investigation allowed us to narrow the selection down to one compound, N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxamide, which exhibited potent inhibition of CHIKV growth. This molecule effectively inhibited CHIKV replication in the stable embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line capable of producing CHIKV. Our findings demonstrate that the selected compound possesses substantial anti-CHIKV nsP3MD activity both in vitro and in vivo. This work provides a promising molecule for further preclinical studies to develop a potential drug against the CHIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Chaudhary
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence, Greater Noida, India
| | - Akash Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence, Greater Noida, India
| | - Kiran Bala Sharma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sudhanshu Vrati
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Deepak Sehgal
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence, Greater Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rozmyslowicz T, Arévalo-Romero H, Conover DO, Fuentes-Pananá EM, León-Juárez M, Gaulton GN. A Highly Sensitive Molecular Technique for RNA Virus Detection. Cells 2024; 13:804. [PMID: 38786028 PMCID: PMC11120490 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are mosquito-transmitted infections, or vector-borne pathogens, that emerged a few years ago. Reliable diagnostic tools for ZIKV and CHIKV-inexpensive, multiplexed, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific point-of-care (POC) systems-are vital for appropriate risk management and therapy. We recently studied a detection system with great success in Mexico (Villahermosa, state of Tabasco), working with human sera from patients infected with those viruses. The research conducted in Mexico validated the efficacy of a novel two-step rapid isothermal amplification technique (RAMP). This approach, which encompasses recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) followed by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), had been previously established in the lab using lab-derived Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Crucially, our findings confirmed that this technique is also effective when applied to human sera samples collected from locally infected individuals in Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rozmyslowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.O.C.); (G.N.G.)
| | - Haruki Arévalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Departamento de Genómica, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Mexico;
| | - Dareus O. Conover
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.O.C.); (G.N.G.)
| | - Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá
- Unidad de Investigación en Virología y Cáncer, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Glen N. Gaulton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.O.C.); (G.N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Z, Wang M, Wang W, Li D, Wang J, Sui G. Getah virus capsid protein undergoes co-condensation with viral genomic RNA to facilitate virion assembly. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130847. [PMID: 38490381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV) belongs to the Alphavirus genus in the Togaviridae family and is a zoonotic arbovirus causing disease in both humans and animals. The capsid protein (CP) of GETV regulates the viral core assembly, but the mechanism underlying this process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that CP undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with the GETV genome RNA (gRNA) in vitro and forms cytoplasmic puncta in cells. Two regions of GETV gRNA (nucleotides 1-4000 and 5000-8000) enhance CP droplet formation in vitro and the lysine-rich Link region of CP is essential for its phase separation. CP(K/R) mutant with all lysines in the Link region replaced by arginines exhibits improved LLPS versus wild type (WT) CP, but CP(K/E) mutant with lysines substituted by glutamic acids virtually loses condensation ability. Consistently, recombinant virus mutant with CP(K/R) possesses significantly higher gRNA binding affinity, virion assembly efficiency and infectivity than the virus with WT-CP. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the understanding of GETV assembly and development of new antiviral drugs against alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhao Sun
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention & National Data Center for Animal Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Wang L, Leng P, Guo J, Zhou H. Drugs targeting structural and nonstructural proteins of the chikungunya virus: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129949. [PMID: 38311132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a single positive-stranded RNA virus of the Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus, with a typical lipid bilayer envelope structure, and is the causative agent of human chikungunya fever (CHIKF). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved the first chikungunya vaccine, Ixchiq; however, vaccination rates are low, and CHIKF is prevalent owing to its periodic outbreaks. Thus, developing effective anti-CHIKV drugs in clinical settings is imperative. Viral proteins encoded by the CHIKV genome play vital roles in all stages of infection, and developing therapeutic agents that target these CHIKV proteins is an effective strategy to improve CHIKF treatment efficacy and reduce mortality rates. Therefore, in the present review article, we aimed to investigate the basic structure, function, and replication cycle of CHIKV and comprehensively outline the current status and future advancements in anti-CHIKV drug development, specifically targeting nonstructural (ns) proteins, including nsP1, nsP2, nsP3, and nsP4 and structural proteins such as capsid (C), E3, E2, 6K, and E1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ballista JMR, Hoover AJ, Noble JT, Acciani MD, Miazgowicz KL, Harrison SA, Tabscott GAL, Duncan A, Barnes DN, Jimenez AR, Brindley MA. Chikungunya Virus Release is Reduced by TIM-1 Receptors Through Binding of Envelope Phosphatidylserine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.25.577233. [PMID: 38328121 PMCID: PMC10849729 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobin and mucin domain protein-1 (TIM-1) mediates entry of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) into some mammalian cells through the interaction with envelope phospholipids. While this interaction enhances entry, TIM has been shown to tether newly formed HIV and Ebola virus particles, limiting their efficient release. In this study, we investigate the ability of surface receptors such as TIM-1 to sequester newly budded virions on the surface of infected cells. We established a luminescence reporter system to produce Chikungunya viral particles that integrate nano-luciferase and easily quantify viral particles. We found that TIM-1 on the surface of host cells significantly reduced CHIKV release efficiency in comparison to other entry factors. Removal of cell surface TIM-1 through direct cellular knock-out or altering the cellular lipid distribution enhanced CHIKV release. Over the course of infection, CHIKV was able to counteract the tethering effect by gradually decreasing the surface levels of TIM-1 in a process that appears to be mediated by the nonstructural protein 2. This study highlights the importance of phosphatidylserine receptors in mediating not only the entry of CHIKV but also its release and could aid in developing cell lines capable of enhanced vaccine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith M. Reyes Ballista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ashley J. Hoover
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joseph T. Noble
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Marissa D. Acciani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kerri L. Miazgowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sarah A. Harrison
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Grace Andrea L. Tabscott
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Avery Duncan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Don N. Barnes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ariana R. Jimenez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Melinda A. Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morabito KM, Cassetti MC, DeRocco AJ, Deschamps AM, Pierson TC. Viral Prototypes for Pandemic Preparedness: The Road Ahead. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S460-S464. [PMID: 37849396 PMCID: PMC10582320 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrated how rapidly vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could be deployed when the field is prepared to respond to a novel virus, serving as proof of concept that the prototype pathogen approach is feasible. This success was built upon decades of foundational research, including the characterization of protective antigens and coronavirus immunity leading to the development and validation of a generalizable vaccine approach for multiple coronaviruses. For other virus families of pandemic concern, the field is less prepared. The articles in this special issue have highlighted research gaps that need to be addressed to accelerate the development of effective vaccines and mAbs, to identify generalizable vaccine and mAb strategies, and to increase preparedness against other pandemic threats. Successful implementation of the prototype pathogen approach will require a systematic, multidisciplinary, coordinated approach with expertise and crosstalk among researchers of different virus families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Morabito
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Cristina Cassetti
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda J DeRocco
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne M Deschamps
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lata K, Charles S, Mangala Prasad V. Advances in computational approaches to structure determination of alphaviruses and flaviviruses using cryo-electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107993. [PMID: 37414374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the field of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have greatly contributed to our current understanding of virus structures and life cycles. In this review, we discuss the application of single particle cryo-electron microscopy (EM) for the structure elucidation of small enveloped icosahedral viruses, namely, alpha- and flaviviruses. We focus on technical advances in cryo-EM data collection, image processing, three-dimensional reconstruction, and refinement strategies for obtaining high-resolution structures of these viruses. Each of these developments enabled new insights into the alpha- and flavivirus architecture, leading to a better understanding of their biology, pathogenesis, immune response, immunogen design, and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Lata
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sylvia Charles
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Vidya Mangala Prasad
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simo FBN, Burt FJ, Makoah NA. Chikungunya Virus Diagnosis: A Review of Current Antigen Detection Methods. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:365. [PMID: 37505661 PMCID: PMC10383795 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). CHIKV is expanding at an alarming rate, potentially spreading and establishing endemicity in new areas where competent vectors are present. The dramatic spread of CHIKV in recent years highlights the urgent need to take precautionary measures and investigate options for control. It is crucial in developing nations where diagnostic tools are limited, and symptoms are similar to other prevalent diseases such as malaria and dengue. The most reliable method for diagnosing chikungunya virus is viral gene detection by RT-PCR. Alternative methods like detecting human antibody and viral antigen can also be used, especially in areas where resources are limited. In this review, we summarize the limited data on antigen detection immunoassays. We further explain the essential structural elements of the virus to help comprehend the scientific concepts underlying the testing methods, as well as future methods and diagnostic approaches under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Brice Nemg Simo
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, Free State, South Africa
| | - Felicity Jane Burt
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, Free State, South Africa
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein 9301, Free State, South Africa
| | - Nigel Aminake Makoah
- Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of The Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, Free State, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pereira GM, Manuli ER, Coulon L, Côrtes MF, Ramundo MS, Dromenq L, Larue-Triolet A, Raymond F, Tourneur C, Lázari CDS, Brasil P, Filippis AMBD, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Banz A, Sabino EC. Performance Evaluation of VIDAS ® Diagnostic Assays Detecting Anti-Chikungunya Virus IgM and IgG Antibodies: An International Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2306. [PMID: 37443699 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIK) is a debilitating mosquito-borne disease with an epidemiology and early clinical symptoms similar to those of other arboviruses-triggered diseases such as dengue or Zika. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of CHIK virus (CHIKV) infection is therefore challenging. This international study evaluated the performance of the automated VIDAS® anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG assays compared to that of manual competitor IgM and IgG ELISA for the detection of anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies in 660 patients with suspected CHIKV infection. Positive and negative agreements of the VIDAS® CHIKV assays with ELISA ranged from 97.5% to 100.0%. The sensitivity of the VIDAS® CHIKV assays evaluated in patients with a proven CHIKV infection confirmed reported kinetics of anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG response, with a positive detection of 88.2-100.0% for IgM ≥ 5 days post symptom onset and of 100.0% for IgG ≥ 11 days post symptom onset. Our study also demonstrated the superiority of ELISA and VIDAS® assays over rapid diagnostic IgM/IgG tests. The analytical performance of VIDAS® anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG assays was excellent, with a high precision (coefficients of variation ≤ 7.4%) and high specificity (cross-reactivity rate ≤ 2.9%). This study demonstrates the suitability of the automated VIDAS® anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG assays to diagnose CHIKV infections and supports its applicability for epidemiological surveillance and differential diagnosis in regions endemic for CHIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geovana M Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Erika R Manuli
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo 09521-160, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica/Parasitologia LIM/46, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | | | - Marina F Côrtes
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Ramundo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Dos Santos Lázari
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis
- Laboratório de Arbovírus e Vírus Hemorrágicos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Paranhos-Baccalà
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- bioMérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Alice Banz
- bioMérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo 09521-160, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica/Parasitologia LIM/46, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alguridi HI, Alzahrani F, Altayb HN, Almalki S, Zaki E, Algarni S, Assiri A, Memish ZA. The First Genomic Characterization of the Chikungunya Virus in Saudi Arabia. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:191-199. [PMID: 37029884 PMCID: PMC10272072 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya is an arboviral infection caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmitted to humans by mosquitoes of Aedes spp. CHIKV has been confined to African countries and South-East Asia up to 2004, but since then, the pathogen has become more global, and its high morbidity rate has become more visible. Saudi Arabia is not an endemic region of CHIKV, and the virus's origin is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to characterize the genome of CHIKV from samples detected in Jeddah in 2018. METHOD Twenty-two sets of primers were designed to amplify near-full length genome of CHIKV. RT-PCR was conducted from clinical samples. Two samples were used for studying near complete genome sequence while the remaining samples were used to study the E1 gene. Different bioinformatics tools were utilized. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis showed that the CHIKV strains clustered with strains isolated from Kenya during 2017-2018 and belonged to ECSA genotype. E1: L136F, K211E and I317V mutations were identified in our strains. Also, E2: M74I, A76T, and V264A mutations were documented. Additionally, the capsid N79S substitution was also detected. CONCLUSION The genome of CHIKV was analyzed for the first time in Saudi Arabia to better understand the origin of the CHIKV and its genetic diversity, which showed high similarity with IE-a subclade of CHIKV strains detected in Mombasa (Kenya) indicating its possible origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan I. Alguridi
- Molecular Biology Department, Jeddah Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box: 17040, Jeddah, 21484 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Embryonic Stem Cells Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham N. Altayb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safar Almalki
- Molecular Biology Department, Jeddah Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box: 17040, Jeddah, 21484 Saudi Arabia
- Laboratories and Blood Banks Administration, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eitezaz Zaki
- Molecular Biology Department, Jeddah Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box: 17040, Jeddah, 21484 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah Assiri
- Deputy Ministry for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A. Memish
- Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bartholomeeusen K, Daniel M, LaBeaud DA, Gasque P, Peeling RW, Stephenson KE, Ng LFP, Ariën KK. Chikungunya fever. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 37024497 PMCID: PMC11126297 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is widespread throughout the tropics, where it causes recurrent outbreaks of chikungunya fever. In recent years, outbreaks have afflicted populations in East and Central Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. The virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Chikungunya fever is characterized by severe arthralgia and myalgia that can persist for years and have considerable detrimental effects on health, quality of life and economic productivity. The effects of climate change as well as increased globalization of commerce and travel have led to growth of the habitat of Aedes mosquitoes. As a result, increasing numbers of people will be at risk of chikungunya fever in the coming years. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments and with vaccines still in development, surveillance and vector control are essential to suppress re-emergence and epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Daniel
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Médecine d'Urgences-SAMU-SMUR, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Desiree A LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale Océan Indien LICE-OI, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rosanna W Peeling
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathryn E Stephenson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Henderson Sousa F, Ghaisani Komarudin A, Findlay-Greene F, Bowolaksono A, Sasmono RT, Stevens C, Barlow PG. Evolution and immunopathology of chikungunya virus informs therapeutic development. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049804. [PMID: 37014125 PMCID: PMC10110403 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is an emerging global threat identified in more than 60 countries across continents. The risk of CHIKV transmission is rising due to increased global interactions, year-round presence of mosquito vectors, and the ability of CHIKV to produce high host viral loads and undergo mutation. Although CHIKV disease is rarely fatal, it can progress to a chronic stage, during which patients experience severe debilitating arthritis that can last from several weeks to months or years. At present, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs for CHIKV disease, and treatment is primarily symptomatic. This Review provides an overview of CHIKV pathogenesis and explores the available therapeutic options and the most recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies against CHIKV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Henderson Sousa
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amalina Ghaisani Komarudin
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Fern Findlay-Greene
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Biological System (CEMBIOS) Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - R. Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin HC, Chiao DJ, Shu PY, Lin HT, Hsiung CC, Lin CC, Kuo SC. Development of a Novel Chikungunya Virus-Like Replicon Particle for Rapid Quantification and Screening of Neutralizing Antibodies and Antivirals. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0485422. [PMID: 36856407 PMCID: PMC10101068 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04854-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-transmitted infectious disease that induces rash, myalgia, and persistent incapacitating arthralgia. At present, no vaccines or antiviral therapies specific to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have been approved, and research is currently restricted to biosafety level 3 containment. CHIKV-like replicon particles (VRPs) are single-cycle infectious particles containing viral structure proteins, as well as a defective genome to provide a safe surrogate for living CHIKV to facilitate the testing of vaccines and antivirals. However, inefficient RNA transfection and the potential emergence of the competent virus through recombination in mammalian cells limit VRP usability. This study describes a transfection-free system for the safe packaging of CHIK VRP with all necessary components via transduction of mosquito cell lines using a single baculovirus vector. We observed the release of substantial quantities of mosquito cell-derived CHIK VRP (mos-CHIK VRP) from baculovirus-transduced mosquito cell lines. The VRPs were shown to recapitulate viral replication and subgenomic dual reporter expression (enhanced green fluorescent protein [eGFP] and luciferase) in infected host cells. Interestingly, the rapid expression kinetics of the VRP-expressing luciferase reporter (6 h) makes it possible to use mos-CHIK VRPs for the rapid quantification of VRP infection. Treatment with antivirals (suramin or 6-azauridine) or neutralizing antibodies (monoclonal antibodies [MAbs] or patient sera) was shown to inhibit mos-CHIK VRP infection in a dose-dependent manner. Ease of manufacture, safety, scalability, and high throughput make mos-CHIK VRPs a highly valuable vehicle for the study of CHIKV biology, the detection of neutralizing (NT) antibody activity, and the screening of antivirals against CHIKV. IMPORTANCE This study proposes a transfection-free system that enables the safe packaging of CHIK VRPs with all necessary components via baculovirus transduction. Those mosquito cell-derived CHIK VRP (mos-CHIK VRPs) were shown to recapitulate viral replication and subgenomic dual reporter (enhanced green fluorescent protein [eGFP] and luciferase) expression in infected host cells. Rapid expression kinetics of the VRP-expressing luciferase reporter (within hours) opens the door to using mos-CHIK VRPs for the rapid quantification of neutralizing antibody and antiviral activity against CHIKV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a mosquito cell-derived alphavirus VRP system. Note that this system could also be applied to other arboviruses to model the earliest event in arboviral infection in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Jiang Chiao
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Shu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Tsu Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Hsiung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh VA, Kumar CS, Khare B, Kuhn RJ, Banerjee M, Tomar S. Surface decorated reporter-tagged chikungunya virus-like particles for clinical diagnostics and identification of virus entry inhibitors. Virology 2023; 578:92-102. [PMID: 36473281 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ever-evolving and versatile VLP technology is becoming an increasingly popular area of science. This study presents surface decorated reporter-tagged VLPs of CHIKV, an enveloped RNA virus of the genus alphavirus and its applications. Western blot, IFA and live-cell imaging confirm the expression of reporter-tagged CHIK-VLPs from transfected HEK293Ts. CryoEM micrographs reveal particle diameter as ∼67nm and 56-70 nm, respectively, for NLuc CHIK-VLPs and mCherry CHIK-VLPs. Our study demonstrates that by exploiting NLuc CHIK-VLPs as a detector probe, robust ratiometric luminescence signal in CHIKV-positive sera compared to healthy controls can be achieved swiftly. Moreover, the potential activity of the Suramin drug as a CHIKV entry inhibitor has been validated through the reporter-tagged CHIK-VLPs. The results reported in this study open new avenues in the eVLPs domain and offer potential for large-scale screening of clinical samples and antiviral agents targeting entry of CHIKV and other alphaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedita Anand Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chandra Shekhar Kumar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Baldeep Khare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Richard J Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Manidipa Banerjee
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monferrer A, Kretzmann JA, Sigl C, Sapelza P, Liedl A, Wittmann B, Dietz H. Broad-Spectrum Virus Trapping with Heparan Sulfate-Modified DNA Origami Shells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20002-20009. [PMID: 36323320 PMCID: PMC9798855 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Effective broadband antiviral platforms that can act on existing viruses and viruses yet to emerge are not available, creating a need to explore treatment strategies beyond the trodden paths. Here, we report virus-encapsulating DNA origami shells that achieve broadband virus trapping properties by exploiting avidity and a widespread background affinity of viruses to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). With a calibrated density of heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) derivatives crafted to the interior of DNA origami shells, we could encapsulate adeno, adeno-associated, chikungunya, dengue, human papilloma, noro, polio, rubella, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses or virus-like particles, in one and the same HS-functionalized shell system. Additional virus-type-specific binders were not needed for the trapping. Depending on the relative dimensions of shell to virus particles, multiple virus particles may be trapped per shell, and multiple shells can cover the surface of clusters of virus particles. The steric occlusion provided by the heparan sulfate-coated DNA origami shells can prevent viruses from further interactions with receptors, possibly including those found on cell surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Monferrer
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jessica A. Kretzmann
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Sigl
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pia Sapelza
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Liedl
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Barbara Wittmann
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dietz
- Laboratory
for Biomolecular Nanotechnology. Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical
University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hakim MS, Aman AT. Understanding the Biology and Immune Pathogenesis of Chikungunya Virus Infection for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2022; 15:48. [PMID: 36680088 PMCID: PMC9863735 DOI: 10.3390/v15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus, the causative agent of chikungunya fever, is generally characterized by the sudden onset of symptoms, including fever, rash, myalgia, and headache. In some patients, acute chikungunya virus infection progresses to severe and chronic arthralgia that persists for years. Chikungunya infection is more commonly identified in tropical and subtropical regions. However, recent expansions and epidemics in the temperate regions have raised concerns about the future public health impact of chikungunya diseases. Several underlying factors have likely contributed to the recent re-emergence of chikungunya infection, including urbanization, human travel, viral adaptation to mosquito vectors, lack of effective control measures, and the spread of mosquito vectors to new regions. However, the true burden of chikungunya disease is most likely to be underestimated, particularly in developing countries, due to the lack of standard diagnostic assays and clinical manifestations overlapping with those of other endemic viral infections in the regions. Additionally, there have been no chikungunya vaccines available to prevent the infection. Thus, it is important to update our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of chikungunya infection, its clinical manifestations, the diagnosis, and the development of chikungunya vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S. Hakim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsai SK, Hsu YL, Chiao DJ, Shu PY, Lin HT, Chang SF, Lin HC, Huang SH, Wang CH, Hsiung CC, Lin CC, Wu TY, Kuo SC. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of chikungunya virus-like particles from mosquito cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 107:219-232. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
MBZM-N-IBT, a Novel Small Molecule, Restricts Chikungunya Virus Infection by Targeting nsP2 Protease Activity In Vitro, In Vivo, and Ex Vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0046322. [PMID: 35766508 PMCID: PMC9295557 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00463-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in disease incidences and persistent Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced arthritis have been a huge burden on public health globally. In the absence of specific antivirals or vaccines, it is essential to continue efforts to develop effective anti-CHIKV strategies. Our previous study showing the in vitro anti-CHIKV potential of a novel molecule 1-[(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl) methyl]-2-oxo-indolin-3-ylidene] amino] thiourea (MBZM-N-IBT) encouraged us to further validate its efficacy. Here, the effect of MBZM-N-IBT was evaluated in vitro in RAW 264.7 cells, in vivo in C57BL/6 mice, and ex vivo in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). The study demonstrated that CHIKV infection was efficiently abrogated in RAW 264.7 cells (IC50 = 22.34 μM) with significant inhibition in viral proteins. The inhibition was effective in the postentry step, and MBZM-N-IBT predominately interfered in the early stages of CHIKV life cycle. It was further supported when the protease activity of CHIKV-nsP2 was hindered by the compound. Moreover, it diminished the CHIKV-induced inflammatory responses in vitro through significant downregulation of all the major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), NF-κB, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and cytokines. Furthermore, MBZM-N-IBT restricted CHIKV infection and inflammation in vivo, leading to reduced clinical scores and complete survival of C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, it has been noticed that the CHIKV infection was reduced remarkably in hPBMC-derived monocyte-macrophage populations ex vivo by the compound. In conclusion, it can be suggested that this novel compound MBZM-N-IBT has been demonstrated to be a potential anti-CHIKV molecule in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo and fulfilled all the criteria to investigate further for successful treatment of CHIKV infection.
Collapse
|
19
|
Patil HP, Gosavi M, Kulkarni R, Mishra AC, Arankalle VA. Immunoglobulin G Subclass Response After Chikungunya Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:437-442. [PMID: 35838586 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various vaccines are under development to prevent chikungunya (CHIKV) infection. For the assessment of the CHIKV vaccine-induced antibody response, it is extremely important to understand antibody response after the infection has occurred. Previously, we assessed IgG response in samples from healthy donors using I-CHIKV and found that IgG1 was the predominant subclass induced after CHIKV infection followed by IgG4. However, IgG3 subclass induction is reported in serum samples from patients with acute CHIKV infection. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated serum/plasma from samples of patients with acute CHIKV infection for the presence of IgG and IgG subclasses against I-CHIKV and recombinant E2 protein (rE2). Out of 44 samples that were positive against I-CHIKV, 43 were found reactive against rE2. The positivity of IgG1 either alone or together with other IgG subclasses using I-CHIKV was 89% samples, while 86% samples were positive using rE2. High titers of IgG1 are obtained with I-CHIKV (67%), while raised IgG4 levels are detected using rE2p (72%) in the samples that are positive for both these subclasses. Testing of 22 samples for neutralizing antibodies revealed 100% IgG1 positivity and neutralizing antibodies in 21, 1 sample negative for both. Overall, these data will be useful in assessing IgG subclass-specific CHIKV neutralization and response after CHIKV immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshad P Patil
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Mrunal Gosavi
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Ruta Kulkarni
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Akhilesh C Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Vidya A Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Verma J, Hasan A, Sunil S, Subbarao N. In silico identification and in vitro antiviral validation of potential inhibitors against Chikungunya virus. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:521-536. [PMID: 35789450 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has become endemic in the Africa, Asia and Indian subcontinent, with its continuous re-emergence causing a significant public health crisis. The unavailability of specific antivirals and vaccines against the virus has highlighted an urgent need for novel therapeutics. In the present study, we have identified small molecule inhibitors targeting the envelope proteins of the CHIKV to interfere with the fusion process, eventually inhibiting the cell entry of the virus particles. We employed high throughput computational screening of large datasets against two different binding sites in the E1-E2 dimer to identify potential candidate inhibitors. Among them, four high affinity inhibitors were selected to confirm their anti-CHIKV activity in the in vitro assay. Quercetin derivatives, Taxifolin and Rutin, binds to the E1-E2 dimer at different sites and display inhibition of CHIKV infection with EC50 values 3.6 μM and 87.67 μM, respectively. Another potential inhibitor with ID ChemDiv 8015-3006 binds at both the target sites and shows anti-CHIKV activity at EC50 = 41 μM. The results show dose-dependent inhibitory effects of Taxifolin, Rutin and ChemDiv 8015-3006 against the CHIKV with minimal cytotoxicity. In addition, molecular dynamics studies revealed the structural stability of these inhibitors at their respective binding sites in the E1-E2 protein. In conclusion, our study reports Taxifolin, Rutin and ChemDiv 8015-3006 as potential inhibitors of the CHIKV entry. Also, this study suggests a few potential candidate inhibitors which could serve as a template to design envelope protein specific CHIKV entry inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Verma
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdul Hasan
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jose J, Hafenstein SL. Asymmetry in icosahedral viruses. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 54:101230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
22
|
Thompson D, Metz SW, Abad C, Beaty S, Warfield K. Immunological implications of diverse production approaches for Chikungunya virus-like particle vaccines. Vaccine 2022; 40:3009-3017. [PMID: 35459557 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus from the Alphavirus genus, causes sporadic outbreaks and epidemics and can cause acute febrile illness accompanied by severe long-term arthralgias. Over 20 CHIKV vaccine candidates have been developed over the last two decades, utilizing a wide range of vaccine platforms, including virus-like particles (VLP). A CHIKV VLP vaccine candidate is among three candidates in late-stage clinical testing and has potentially promising data in nonclinical and clinical studies exploring safety and vaccine immunogenicity. Despite the consistency of the CHIKV VLP structure, vaccine candidates vary significantly in protein sequence identity, structural protein expression cassettes and their mode of production. Here, we explore the impact of CHIKV VLP coding sequence variation and the chosen expression platform, which affect VLP expression yields, antigenicity and overall vaccine immunogenicity. Additionally, we explore the potential of the CHIKV VLP platform to be modified to elicit protection against other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Thompson
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Stefan W Metz
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Carmen Abad
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Shannon Beaty
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Kelly Warfield
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Development of Viral-Vectored Vaccines and Virus Replicon Particle-Based Neutralisation Assay against Mayaro Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084105. [PMID: 35456923 PMCID: PMC9026931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging alphavirus causing acute febrile illness associated with chronic polyarthralgia. Although MAYV is currently restricted to tropical regions in South America around the Amazon basin, it has the potential to spread globally by Aedes species mosquitoes. In addition, there are currently no specific therapeutics or licenced vaccines against MAYV infection. We have previously shown that an adenovirus based Mayaro vaccine (ChAdOx1 May) was able to provide full protection against MAYV challenge in vaccinated A129 mice and induced high neutralising antibody titres. In this study, we have constructed a replication deficient simian adenovirus (ChAdOx2) and a Modified Ankara Virus (MVA) based vaccine expressing the MAYV structural cassette (sMAYV) similar to ChAdOx1 May, and characterised recombinant MAYV E2 glycoprotein expressed in a mammalian system for immune monitoring. We demonstrate that ChAdOx2 May was able to induce high antibody titres similar to ChAdOx1 May, and MVA May was shown to be an effective boosting strategy following prime vaccination with ChAdOx1 or ChAdOx2 May. In order to measure MAYV neutralising ability, we have developed a virus replicon particle-based neutralisation assay which effectively detected neutralising antibodies against MAYV. In summary, our study indicates the potential for further clinical development of the viral vectored MAYV vaccines against MAYV infections.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tanaka A, Suzuki Y. Genome-Wide Approaches to Unravel the Host Factors Involved in Chikungunya Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:866271. [PMID: 35401487 PMCID: PMC8988064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.866271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the causative agent of Chikungunya fever (CHIKVF) that is often characterized by fever, headache, rash, and arthralgia, is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquito bites. Although the mortality rate associated with CHIKV infection is not very high, CHIKVF has been confirmed in more than 40 countries, not only in tropical but also in temperate areas. Therefore, CHIKV is a growing major threat to the public health of the world. However, a specific drug is not available for CHIKV infection. As demonstrated by many studies, the processes completing the replication of CHIKV are assisted by many host factors, whereas it has become clear that the host cell possesses some factors limiting the virus replication. This evidence will provide us with an important clue for the development of pharmacological treatment against CHIKVF. In this review, we briefly summarize cellular molecules participating in the CHIKV infection, particularly focusing on introducing recent genome-wide screen studies that enabled illuminating the virus-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Division of Research Animal Laboratory and Translational Medicine, Research and Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Atsushi Tanaka,
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
- Youichi Suzuki,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Santos IA, Pereira AKDS, Guevara-Vega M, de Paiva REF, Sabino-Silva R, Bergamini FRG, Corbi PP, Jardim ACG. Repurposing potential of rimantadine hydrochloride and development of a promising platinum(II)-rimantadine metallodrug for the treatment of Chikungunya virus infection. Acta Trop 2022; 227:106300. [PMID: 34979144 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Most of the patients infected with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) develop chronic manifestations characterized by pain and deformity in joints, impacting their quality of life. The aminoadamantanes, in their turn, have been exploited due to their biological activities, with amantadine and memantine recently described with anti-CHIKV activities. Here we evaluated the antiviral activity of rimantadine hydrochloride (rtdH), a well-known antiviral agent against influenza A, its platinum complex (Pt-rtd), and the precursor cis-[PtCl2(dmso)2], against CHIKV infection in vitro. The rtdH demonstrated significant antiviral activity in all stages of CHIKV replication (29% in pre-treatment; 57% in early stages of infection; 60% in post-entry stages). The Pt-rtd complex protected the cells against infection in 92%, inhibited 100% of viral entry, mainly by a virucidal effect, and impaired 60% of post-entry stages. Alternatively, cis-[PtCl2(dmso)2] impaired viral entry in 100% and post-entry steps in 60%, but had no effect in protecting cells when administered prior to CHIKV infection. Collectively, the obtained data demonstrated that rtdH and Pt-rtd significantly interfered in the early stages of CHIKV life cycle, with the strongest effect observed to Pt-rtd complex, which reduced up to 100% of CHIKV infection. Moreover, molecular docking analysis and infrared spectroscopy data (ATR-FTIR) suggest an interaction of Pt-rtd with CHIKV glycoproteins, potentially related to the mechanism of inhibition of viral entry by Pt-rtd. Through a migration retardation assay, it was also shown that Pt-rtd and cis-[PtCl2(dmso)2] interacted with the dsRNA in 87% and 100%, respectively. The obtained results highlight the repurposing potential of rtdH as an anti-CHIKV drug, as well as the synthesis of promising platinum(II) metallodrugs with potential application for the treatment of CHIKV infections. Importance Chikungunya fever is a disease that can result in persistent symptoms due to the chronic infection process. Infected patients can develop physical disability, resulting and high costs to the health system and significant impacts on the quality of life of affected individuals. Additionally, there are no licensed vaccines or antivirals against the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and the virus is easily transmitted due to the abundance of viable vectors in epidemic regions. In this context, our study highlights the repurposing potential of the commercial drug rimantadine hydrochloride (rtdH) as an antiviral agent for the treatment of CHIKV infections. Moreover, our data demonstrated that a platinum(II)-rimantadine metallodrug (Pt-rtd) poses as a potent anti-CHIKV molecule with potential application for the treatment of Chikungunya fever. Altogether, rtdH and Pt-rtd significantly interfered in the early stages of CHIKV life cycle, reducing up to 100% of CHIKV infection in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Andrade Santos
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG 38405-302, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Guevara-Vega
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando R G Bergamini
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Bioinspired Molecules, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG 34000-902, Brazil.
| | - Pedro P Corbi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina G Jardim
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG 38405-302, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Structure of infective Getah virus at 2.8 Å resolution determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Cell Discov 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35149682 PMCID: PMC8832435 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV), a member of the genus alphavirus, is a mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause pyrexia and reproductive losses in animals. Although antibodies to GETV have been found in over 10% of healthy people, there are no reports of clinical symptoms associated with GETV. The biological and pathological properties of GETV are largely unknown and antiviral or vaccine treatments against GETV are still unavailable due to a lack of knowledge of the structure of the GETV virion. Here, we present the structure of infective GETV at a resolution of 2.8 Å with the atomic models of the capsid protein and the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2. We have identified numerous glycosylation and S-acylation sites in E1 and E2. The surface-exposed glycans indicate a possible impact on viral immune evasion and host cell invasion. The S-acylation sites might be involved in stabilizing the transmembrane assembly of E1 and E2. In addition, a cholesterol and a phospholipid molecule are observed in a transmembrane hydrophobic pocket, together with two more cholesterols surrounding the pocket. The cholesterol and phospholipid stabilize the hydrophobic pocket in the viral envelope membrane. The structural information will assist structure-based antiviral and vaccine screening, design, and optimization.
Collapse
|
27
|
Secreted Trimeric Chikungunya Virus Spikes from Insect Cells: Production, Purification, and Glycosylation Status. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne virus that causes a severe febrile illness with long-lasting arthralgia in humans. As there is no vaccine to protect humans and limit CHIKV epidemics, the virus continues to be a global public health concern. The CHIKV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are important immunogens; therefore, the aim of this study is to produce trimeric CHIKV spikes in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. The CHIKV E1 and E2 ectodomains were covalently coupled by a flexible linker that replaces the 6K transmembrane protein. The C-terminal E1 transmembrane was replaced by a Strep-tag II for the purification of secreted spikes from the culture fluid. After production in Sf9 suspension cells (product yields of 5.8–7.6 mg/L), the CHIKV spikes were purified by Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography, which successfully cleared the co-produced baculoviruses. Bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate cross-linking demonstrated that the spikes are secreted as trimers. PNGase F treatment showed that the spikes are glycosylated. LC–MS/MS-based glycoproteomic analysis confirmed the glycosylation and revealed that the majority are of the mannose- or hybrid-type N-glycans and <2% have complex-type N-glycans. The LC –MS/MS analysis also revealed three O-glycosylation sites in E1. In conclusion, the trimeric, glycosylated CHIKV spikes have been successfully produced in insect cells and are now available for vaccination studies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ratan ZA, Mashrur FR, Chhoan AP, Shahriar SM, Haidere MF, Runa NJ, Kim S, Kweon DH, Hosseinzadeh H, Cho JY. Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2034. [PMID: 34959320 PMCID: PMC8705988 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1990s, nanotechnology has led to new horizons in nanomedicine, which encompasses all spheres of science including chemistry, material science, biology, and biotechnology. Emerging viral infections are creating severe hazards to public health worldwide, recently, COVID-19 has caused mass human casualties with significant economic impacts. Interestingly, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited the potential to destroy viruses, bacteria, and fungi using various methods. However, developing safe and effective antiviral drugs is challenging, as viruses use host cells for replication. Designing drugs that do not harm host cells while targeting viruses is complicated. In recent years, the impact of AgNPs on viruses has been evaluated. Here, we discuss the potential role of silver nanoparticles as antiviral agents. In this review, we focus on the properties of AgNPs such as their characterization methods, antiviral activity, mechanisms, applications, and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh; (Z.A.R.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.C.)
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia;
| | - Fazla Rabbi Mashrur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh; (Z.A.R.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Anisha Parsub Chhoan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh; (Z.A.R.); (F.R.M.); (A.P.C.)
| | - Sadi Md. Shahriar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Sunggyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-H.K.)
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-H.K.)
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia;
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-H.K.)
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Constant LEC, Rajsfus BF, Carneiro PH, Sisnande T, Mohana-Borges R, Allonso D. Overview on Chikungunya Virus Infection: From Epidemiology to State-of-the-Art Experimental Models. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744164. [PMID: 34675908 PMCID: PMC8524093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is currently one of the most relevant arboviruses to public health. It is a member of the Togaviridae family and alphavirus genus and causes an arthritogenic disease known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF). It is characterized by a multifaceted disease, which is distinguished from other arbovirus infections by the intense and debilitating arthralgia that can last for months or years in some individuals. Despite the great social and economic burden caused by CHIKV infection, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral drugs currently available. Recent outbreaks have shown a change in the severity profile of the disease in which atypical and severe manifestation lead to hundreds of deaths, reinforcing the necessity to understand the replication and pathogenesis processes. CHIKF is a complex disease resultant from the infection of a plethora of cell types. Although there are several in vivo models for studying CHIKV infection, none of them reproduces integrally the disease signature observed in humans, which is a challenge for vaccine and drug development. Therefore, understanding the potentials and limitations of the state-of-the-art experimental models is imperative to advance in the field. In this context, the present review outlines the present knowledge on CHIKV epidemiology, replication, pathogenesis, and immunity and also brings a critical perspective on the current in vitro and in vivo state-of-the-art experimental models of CHIKF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa E. C. Constant
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bia F. Rajsfus
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Carneiro
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tháyna Sisnande
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Allonso
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Viral fusion glycoproteins catalyze membrane fusion during viral entry. Unlike most enzymes, however, they lack a conventional active site in which formation or scission of a specific covalent bond is catalyzed. Instead, they drive the membrane fusion reaction by cojoining highly regulated changes in conformation to membrane deformation. Despite the challenges in applying inhibitor design approaches to these proteins, recent advances in knowledge of the structures and mechanisms of viral fusogens have enabled the development of small-molecule inhibitors of both class I and class II viral fusion proteins. Here, we review well-validated inhibitors, including their discovery, targets, and mechanism(s) of action, while highlighting mechanistic similarities and differences. Together, these examples make a compelling case for small-molecule inhibitors as tools for probing the mechanisms of viral glycoprotein-mediated fusion and for viral glycoproteins as druggable targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA;
| | - Priscilla L Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Williamson LE, Reeder KM, Bailey K, Tran MH, Roy V, Fouch ME, Kose N, Trivette A, Nargi RS, Winkler ES, Kim AS, Gainza C, Rodriguez J, Armstrong E, Sutton RE, Reidy J, Carnahan RH, McDonald WH, Schoeder CT, Klimstra WB, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Alter G, Meiler J, Schey KL, Julander JG, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Therapeutic alphavirus cross-reactive E1 human antibodies inhibit viral egress. Cell 2021; 184:4430-4446.e22. [PMID: 34416147 PMCID: PMC8418820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses cause severe arthritogenic or encephalitic disease. The E1 structural glycoprotein is highly conserved in these viruses and mediates viral fusion with host cells. However, the role of antibody responses to the E1 protein in immunity is poorly understood. We isolated E1-specific human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with diverse patterns of recognition for alphaviruses (ranging from Eastern equine encephalitis virus [EEEV]-specific to alphavirus cross-reactive) from survivors of natural EEEV infection. Antibody binding patterns and epitope mapping experiments identified differences in E1 reactivity based on exposure of epitopes on the glycoprotein through pH-dependent mechanisms or presentation on the cell surface prior to virus egress. Therapeutic efficacy in vivo of these mAbs corresponded with potency of virus egress inhibition in vitro and did not require Fc-mediated effector functions for treatment against subcutaneous EEEV challenge. These studies reveal the molecular basis for broad and protective antibody responses to alphavirus E1 proteins.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alphavirus/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cell Line
- Chikungunya virus/immunology
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine/virology
- Epitope Mapping
- Female
- Horses
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Biological
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Temperature
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Virion/metabolism
- Virus Internalization
- Virus Release/physiology
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristen M Reeder
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin Bailey
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84335, USA
| | - Minh H Tran
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Nurgun Kose
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew Trivette
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel S Nargi
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arthur S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher Gainza
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erica Armstrong
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph Reidy
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 165261, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 165261, USA
| | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center of Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin G Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84335, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mammari N, Krier Y, Albert Q, Devocelle M, Varbanov M. Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Agents in Systemic Viral Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080774. [PMID: 34451871 PMCID: PMC8400714 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of viruses in systemic infections for the development of prevention strategies and very promising antiviral therapies. Viruses still remain one of the main causes of human diseases, mainly because the development of new vaccines is usually challenging and drug resistance has become an increasing concern in recent decades. Therefore, the development of potential antiviral agents remains crucial and is an unmet clinical need. One abundant source of potential therapeutic molecules are plants: they biosynthesize a myriad of compounds, including peptides which can have antimicrobial activity. Our objective is to summarize the literature on peptides with antiviral properties derived from plants and to identify key features of these peptides and their application in systemic viral infections. This literature review highlights studies including clinical trials which demonstrated that plant cyclotides have the ability to inhibit the growth of viruses causing human diseases, defensin-like peptides possess anti-HIV-1 activity, and lipid transfer proteins and some lectins exhibit a varied antimicrobial profile. To conclude, plant peptides remain interesting to explore in the context of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mammari
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Ysaline Krier
- Faculté de Pharmacie, 7 Avenue de la Foret de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France;
| | - Quentin Albert
- Fungal Biodiversity and Biotechnology, INRAE/Aix-Marseille University, UMR1163, 13009 Marseille, France;
- CIRM-CF, INRAE/Aix Marseille University, UMR1163, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Devocelle
- SSPC (SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals), V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123, St. Stephen’s Green, D02 YN77 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mihayl Varbanov
- L2CM, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France;
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
El virus de chikunguña (CHIKV) es un Alfavirus perteneciente al grupo denominado del Viejo Mundo; estos son virus artritogénicos que causan una enfermedad febril caracterizada por artralgias y mialgias. Aunque la muerte por CHIKV es poco frecuente, la enfermedad puede llegar a ser incapacitante y generar un amplio espectro de manifestaciones atípicas, como complicaciones cardiovasculares, respiratorias, oculares, renales y dérmicas, entre otras. Cuando el dolor articular persiste por tres o más meses, da lugar a la forma crónica de la enfermedad denominada reumatismo inflamatorio crónico poschikunguña, el cual es la principal secuela de la enfermedad. Se considera que este virus no es neurotrópico, sin embargo, puede afectar el sistema nervioso central y generar secuelas graves y permanentes, principalmente, en niños y ancianos. En África, Asia y Europa se habían reportado anteriormente brotes epidémicos por CHIKV, pero solo hasta finales del 2013 se documentó la introducción del virus a las Américas; desde entonces, el virus se ha propagado a 45 países o territorios del continente y el número de casos acumulados ascendió a cerca de dos millones en dos años. Esta revisión describe de manera general la biología molecular del virus, sus manifestaciones clínicas, su patogénesis y las principales complicaciones posteriores a la infección. Además, reúne la información de la epidemia en Colombia y el continente americano publicada entre el 2014 y el 2020.
Collapse
|
34
|
Design and expression of a bispecific antibody against dengue and chikungunya virus in plants. Methods Enzymol 2021; 660:223-238. [PMID: 34742391 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins have a broad range of applications from basic research to pharmaceutical development. Of utmost importance in the production of recombinant proteins is the selection of the best recombinant protein production system, such that high-quality and functional recombinant proteins are produced. Plants can produce a large quantity of recombinant proteins rapidly and economically. Glycoengineering has created "humanized" plant lines that can produce glycoproteins with specific human glycans with a high level of homogeneity on demand. Here, a detailed protocol was provided to produce a large, multisubunit, and complex bispecific antibody that targets two distinct viruses. The successful production of this multiple-subunit protein demonstrated that plants are the optimal system for the production of recombinant proteins of various sizes and complexity, which can be employed for various applications including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines to combat current and future pandemics.
Collapse
|
35
|
Battini L, Fidalgo DM, Álvarez DE, Bollini M. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Chikungunya Virus Envelope Protein Inhibitor through Computer-Aided Drug Design. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1503-1518. [PMID: 34048233 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide expansion of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) into tropical and subtropical areas in the last 15 years has posed a currently unmet need for vaccines and therapeutics. The E2-E1 envelope glycoprotein complex binds receptors on the host cell and promotes membrane fusion during CHIKV entry, thus constituting an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. In order to identify CHIKV antivirals acting through inhibition of the envelope glycoprotein complex function, our first approach was to search for amenable druggable sites within the E2-E1 heterodimer. We identified a pocket located in the interface between E2 and E1 around the fusion loop. Then, via a structure-based virtual screening approach and in vitro assay of antiviral activity, we identified compound 7 as a specific inhibitor of CHIKV. Through a lead optimization process, we obtained compound 11 that demonstrated increased antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity (EC50 1.6 μM, CC50 56.0 μM). Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out and described a possible interaction pattern of compound 11 and the E1-E2 dimer that could be useful for further optimization. As expected from target site selection, compound 11 inhibited virus internalization during CHIKV entry. In addition, virus populations resistant to compound 11 included mutation E2-P173S, which mapped to the proposed binding pocket, and second site mutation E1-Y24H. Construction of recombinant viruses showed that these mutations conferred antiviral resistance in the parental background. Finally, compound 11 presents acceptable solubility values and is chemically and enzymatically stable in different media. Altogether, these findings uncover a suitable pocket for the design of CHIKV entry inhibitors with promising antiviral activity and pharmacological profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Battini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín B1650, Argentina
| | - Daniela M. Fidalgo
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Diego E. Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín B1650, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Delli Ponti R, Mutwil M. Structural landscape of the complete genomes of dengue virus serotypes and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:352. [PMID: 34000991 PMCID: PMC8127238 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With more than 300 million potentially infected people every year, and with the expanded habitat of mosquitoes due to climate change, Dengue virus (DENV) cannot be considered anymore only a tropical disease. The RNA secondary structure is a functional characteristic of RNA viruses, and together with the accumulated high-throughput sequencing data could provide general insights towards understanding virus biology. Here, we profiled the RNA secondary structure of > 7000 complete viral genomes from 11 different species focusing on viral hemorrhagic fevers, including DENV serotypes, EBOV, and YFV. RESULTS In our work we demonstrated that the secondary structure and presence of protein-binding domains in the genomes can be used as intrinsic signature to further classify the viruses. With our predictive approach, we achieved high prediction scores of the secondary structure (AUC up to 0.85 with experimental data), and computed consensus secondary structure profiles using hundreds of in silico models. We observed that viruses show different structural patterns, where e.g., DENV-2 and Ebola virus tend to be less structured than the other viruses. Furthermore, we observed virus-specific correlations between secondary structure and the number of interaction sites with human proteins, reaching a correlation of 0.89 in the case of Zika virus. We also identified that helicases-encoding regions are more structured in several flaviviruses, while the regions encoding for the contact proteins exhibit virus-specific clusters in terms of RNA structure and potential protein-RNA interactions. We also used structural data to study the geographical distribution of DENV, finding a significant difference between DENV-3 from Asia and South-America, where the structure is also driving the clustering more than sequence identity, which could imply different evolutionary routes of this subtype. CONCLUSIONS Our massive computational analysis provided novel results regarding the secondary structure and the interaction with human proteins, not only for DENV serotypes, but also for other flaviviruses and viral hemorrhagic fevers-associated viruses. We showed how the RNA secondary structure can be used to categorise viruses, and even to further classify them based on the interaction with proteins. We envision that these approaches can be used to further classify and characterise these complex viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Delli Ponti
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Marek Mutwil
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Santos IA, Shimizu JF, de Oliveira DM, Martins DOS, Cardoso-Sousa L, Cintra ACO, Aquino VH, Sampaio SV, Nicolau-Junior N, Sabino-Silva R, Merits A, Harris M, Jardim ACG. Chikungunya virus entry is strongly inhibited by phospholipase A2 isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8717. [PMID: 33888774 PMCID: PMC8062466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the etiologic agent of Chikungunya fever, a globally spreading mosquito-borne disease. There is no approved antiviral or vaccine against CHIKV, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapies. In this context, snake venom proteins have demonstrated antiviral activity against several viruses, including arboviruses which are relevant to public health. In particular, the phospholipase A2CB (PLA2CB), a protein isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus was previously shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. In this study, we investigated the multiple effects of PLA2CB on the CHIKV replicative cycle in BHK-21 cells using CHIKV-nanoluc, a marker virus carrying nanoluciferase reporter. The results demonstrated that PLA2CB possess a strong anti-CHIKV activity with a selectivity index of 128. We identified that PLA2CB treatment protected cells against CHIKV infection, strongly impairing virus entry by reducing adsorption and post-attachment stages. Moreover, PLA2CB presented a modest yet significant activity towards post-entry stages of CHIKV replicative cycle. Molecular docking calculations indicated that PLA2CB may interact with CHIKV glycoproteins, mainly with E1 through hydrophobic interactions. In addition, infrared spectroscopy measurements indicated interactions of PLA2CB and CHIKV glycoproteins, corroborating with data from in silico analyses. Collectively, this data demonstrated the multiple antiviral effects of PLA2CB on the CHIKV replicative cycle, and suggest that PLA2CB interacts with CHIKV glycoproteins and that this interaction blocks binding of CHIKV virions to the host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Andrade Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Moraes de Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Léia Cardoso-Sousa
- Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Adélia Cristina Oliveira Cintra
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Aquino
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilson Nicolau-Junior
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mark Harris
- Faculty of Biological Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Institute of Biomedical Science (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida Amazonas, 4C- Room 216, Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP: 38405-302, Brazil.
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wichit S, Gumpangseth N, Hamel R, Yainoy S, Arikit S, Punsawad C, Missé D. Chikungunya and Zika Viruses: Co-Circulation and the Interplay between Viral Proteins and Host Factors. Pathogens 2021; 10:448. [PMID: 33918691 PMCID: PMC8068860 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya and Zika viruses, both transmitted by mosquito vectors, have globally re-emerged over for the last 60 years and resulted in crucial social and economic concerns. Presently, there is no specific antiviral agent or vaccine against these debilitating viruses. Understanding viral-host interactions is needed to develop targeted therapeutics. However, there is presently limited information in this area. In this review, we start with the updated virology and replication cycle of each virus. Transmission by similar mosquito vectors, frequent co-circulation, and occurrence of co-infection are summarized. Finally, the targeted host proteins/factors used by the viruses are discussed. There is an urgent need to better understand the virus-host interactions that will facilitate antiviral drug development and thus reduce the global burden of infections caused by arboviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.G.); (S.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Nuttamonpat Gumpangseth
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Rodolphe Hamel
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; (R.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Siwaret Arikit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; (R.H.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Earnest JT, Holmes AC, Basore K, Mack M, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. The mechanistic basis of protection by non-neutralizing anti-alphavirus antibodies. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108962. [PMID: 33826892 PMCID: PMC8055377 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against epitopes within the alphavirus E2 protein can protect against infection, the functional significance of non-neutralizing mAbs is poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the activity of 13 non-neutralizing mAbs against Mayaro virus (MAYV), an emerging arthritogenic alphavirus. These mAbs bind to the MAYV virion and surface of infected cells but fail to neutralize infection in cell culture. Mapping studies identify six mAb binding groups that localize to discrete epitopes within or adjacent to the A domain of the E2 glycoprotein. Remarkably, passive transfer of non-neutralizing mAbs protects against MAYV infection and disease in mice, and their efficacy requires Fc effector functions. Monocytes mediate the protection of non-neutralizing mAbs in vivo, as Fcγ-receptor-expressing myeloid cells facilitate the binding, uptake, and clearance of MAYV without antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. Humoral protection against alphaviruses likely reflects contributions from non-neutralizing antibodies through Fc-dependent mechanisms that accelerate viral clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James T Earnest
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Autumn C Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine Basore
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Powers JM, Haese NN, Denton M, Ando T, Kreklywich C, Bonin K, Streblow CE, Kreklywich N, Smith P, Broeckel R, DeFilippis V, Morrison TE, Heise MT, Streblow DN. Non-replicating adenovirus based Mayaro virus vaccine elicits protective immune responses and cross protects against other alphaviruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009308. [PMID: 33793555 PMCID: PMC8051823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an alphavirus endemic to South and Central America associated with sporadic outbreaks in humans. MAYV infection causes severe joint and muscle pain that can persist for weeks to months. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics to prevent MAYV infection or treat the debilitating musculoskeletal inflammatory disease. In the current study, a prophylactic MAYV vaccine expressing the complete viral structural polyprotein was developed based on a non-replicating human adenovirus V (AdV) platform. Vaccination with AdV-MAYV elicited potent neutralizing antibodies that protected WT mice against MAYV challenge by preventing viremia, reducing viral dissemination to tissues and mitigating viral disease. The vaccine also prevented viral-mediated demise in IFN⍺R1-/- mice. Passive transfer of immune serum from vaccinated animals similarly prevented infection and disease in WT mice as well as virus-induced demise of IFN⍺R1-/- mice, indicating that antiviral antibodies are protective. Immunization with AdV-MAYV also generated cross-neutralizing antibodies against two related arthritogenic alphaviruses-chikungunya and Una viruses. These cross-neutralizing antibodies were protective against lethal infection in IFN⍺R1-/- mice following challenge with these heterotypic alphaviruses. These results indicate AdV-MAYV elicits protective immune responses with substantial cross-reactivity and protective efficacy against other arthritogenic alphaviruses. Our findings also highlight the potential for development of a multi-virus targeting vaccine against alphaviruses with endemic and epidemic potential in the Americas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Powers
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Ando
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kiley Bonin
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cassilyn E. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patricia Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Broeckel
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Acidic pH-Induced Conformational Changes in Chikungunya Virus Fusion Protein E1: a Spring-Twisted Region in the Domain I-III Linker Acts as a Hinge Point for Swiveling Motion of Domains. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01561-20. [PMID: 32938768 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01561-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus, enters a cell through endocytosis, followed by viral and cell membrane fusion. The fusion protein, E1, undergoes an acid pH-induced pre- to postfusion conformation change during membrane fusion. As part of the conformation change, E1 dissociates from the receptor-binding protein, E2, and swivels its domains I and II over domain III to form an extended intermediate and then eventually to form a postfusion hairpin homotrimer. In this study, we tested if the domain I-III linker acts as a "hinge" for the swiveling motion of E1 domains. We found a conserved spring-twisted structure in the linker, stabilized by a salt bridge between a conserved arginine-aspartic acid pair, as a "hinge point" for domain swiveling. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the CHIKV E1 or E2-E1 structure predicted that the spring-twisted region untwists at pH 5.5. Corroborating the prediction, introduction of a "cystine staple" at the hinge point, replacing the conserved arginine-aspartic acid pair with cysteine residues, resulted in loss of fusion activity of E1. MD simulation also predicted domain I-III swiveling at acidic pH. We tested if breaking the His 331-Lys 16 H bond between domains I and III, seen only in the prefusion conformation, is important for domain swiveling. When domains I and III are "stapled" by introducing a disulfide bond in between, E1 showed loss of fusion activity, implying that domain I and III dissociation is a critical acid pH-induced step in membrane fusion. However, replacement of His 331 with an acidic residue did not affect the pH threshold for fusion, suggesting His 331 is not an acid-sensing residue.IMPORTANCE Aedes mosquito-transmitted viruses such as the Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses have spread globally. CHIKV, similar to many other enveloped viruses, enters cells in sequential steps: step 1 involves receptor binding followed by endocytosis, and step 2 involves viral-cell membrane fusion in the endocytic vesicle. The viral envelope surface protein, E1, performs membrane fusion. E1 is triggered to undergo conformational changes by acidic pH of the maturing endosome. Different domains of E1 rearrange during the pre- to postfusion conformation change. Using in silico analysis of the E1 structure and different biochemical experiments, we explained a structural mechanism of key conformational changes in E1 triggered by acidic pH. We noted two important structural changes in E1 at acidic pH. In the first, a spring-twisted region in a loop connecting two domains (I and III) untwists, bringing a swiveling motion of domains on each other. In the second, breaking of interactions between domains I and III and domain separation are required for membrane fusion. This knowledge will help devise new therapeutic strategies to block conformation changes in E1 and thus viral entry.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Alphaviruses cause severe human illnesses including persistent arthritis and fatal encephalitis. As alphavirus entry into target cells is the first step in infection, intensive research efforts have focused on elucidating aspects of this pathway, including attachment, internalization, and fusion. Herein, we review recent developments in the molecular understanding of alphavirus entry both in vitro and in vivo and how these advances might enable the design of therapeutics targeting this critical step in the alphavirus life cycle.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kumar S, Singh VK, Vasam M, Patil PS, Dhaked RK, Ansari AS, Lohiya NK, Parashar D, Tapryal S. An in vitro refolding method to produce oligomers of anti-CHIKV, E2-IgM Fc fusion subunit vaccine candidates expressed in E. coli. J Immunol Methods 2020; 487:112869. [PMID: 32971119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant envelope protein-1 (E1) and E2 of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been shown to elicit neutralizing antibodies and a balanced Th1/Th2 response in mice however with limited protection. Recently reported CHIK virus-like particles showed augmented immunity and protection in adult mice in comparison to E1 and E2, however exacerbated the disease in aged subjects. In order to improve the overall efficacy of protein based vaccines, novel strategies need to be adopted. The discovery of IgM Fc receptor (FcμR) and its role in humoral immune response led us to hypothesise that fusion of an antigen with Fc of IgM may enhance its immunogenicity by polymerizing it and FcμR mediated activation of B and other immune cells. We report in the current study, expression of E2 subunit of CHIKV in fusion with various IgM Fc domains/peptides in E. coli, their in-vitro refolding, characterization and immune response in C57BL/6 mice. Candidates fused with CH3-CH4 Fc fragment produced stable oligomers, whereas the one fused with peptides remained monomeric. The latter elicited a strong humoral and a balanced Th1/Th2 response in mice, whereas the polymeric candidate despite eliciting a strong humoral response, stimulated a biased Th1 response and exhibited higher virus neutralization in Vero cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Manohar Vasam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Poonam Shewale Patil
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Rajeev K Dhaked
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Abdul S Ansari
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Nirmal K Lohiya
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction & Fertility, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Deepti Parashar
- Dengue & Chikungunya Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Suman Tapryal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brown RS, Anastasakis DG, Hafner M, Kielian M. Multiple capsid protein binding sites mediate selective packaging of the alphavirus genomic RNA. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4693. [PMID: 32943634 PMCID: PMC7499256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The alphavirus capsid protein (Cp) selectively packages genomic RNA (gRNA) into the viral nucleocapsid to produce infectious virus. Using photoactivatable ribonucleoside crosslinking and an innovative biotinylated Cp retrieval method, here we comprehensively define binding sites for Semliki Forest virus (SFV) Cp on the gRNA. While data in infected cells demonstrate Cp binding to the proposed genome packaging signal (PS), mutagenesis experiments show that PS is not required for production of infectious SFV or Chikungunya virus. Instead, we identify multiple Cp binding sites that are enriched on gRNA-specific regions and promote infectious SFV production and gRNA packaging. Comparisons of binding sites in cytoplasmic vs. viral nucleocapsids demonstrate that budding causes discrete changes in Cp-gRNA interactions. Notably, Cp’s top binding site is maintained throughout virus assembly, and specifically binds and assembles with Cp into core-like particles in vitro. Together our data suggest a model for selective alphavirus genome recognition and assembly. Alphaviruses need to selectively package genomic viral RNA for transmission, but the packaging mechanism remains unclear. Here, Brown et al. combine PAR-CLIP with biotinylated capsid protein (Cp) retrieval and identify multiple Cp binding sites on genomic viral RNA that promote virion formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Dimitrios G Anastasakis
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Kielian
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Anti-Chikungunya Virus Monoclonal Antibody That Inhibits Viral Fusion and Release. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00252-20. [PMID: 32699087 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00252-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever, a mosquito-borne disease manifested by fever, rash, myalgia, and arthralgia, is caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which belongs to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae Anti-CHIKV IgG from convalescent patients is known to directly neutralize CHIKV, and the state of immunity lasts throughout life. Here, we examined the epitope of a neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody against CHIKV, CHE19, which inhibits viral fusion and release. In silico docking analysis showed that the epitope of CHE19 was localized in the viral E2 envelope and consisted of two separate segments, an N-linker and a β-ribbon connector, and that its bound Fab fragment on E2 overlapped the position that the E3 glycoprotein originally occupied. We showed that CHIKV-E2 is lost during the viral internalization and that CHE19 inhibits the elimination of CHIKV-E2. These findings suggested that CHE19 stabilizes the E2-E1 heterodimer instead of E3 and inhibits the protrusion of the E1 fusion loop and subsequent membrane fusion. In addition, the antigen-bound Fab fragment configuration showed that CHE19 connects to the CHIKV spikes existing on the two individual virions, leading us to conclude that the CHE19-CHIKV complex was responsible for the large virus aggregations. In our subsequent filtration experiments, large viral aggregations by CHE19 were trapped by a 0.45-μm filter. This virion-connecting characteristic of CHE19 could explain the inhibition of viral release from infected cells by the tethering effect of the virion itself. These findings provide clues toward the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against the Alphavirus infection.IMPORTANCE Recent outbreaks of chikungunya fever have increased its clinical importance. Neither a specific antiviral drug nor a commercial vaccine for CHIKV infection are available. Here, we show a detailed model of the docking between the envelope glycoprotein of CHIKV and our unique anti-CHIKV-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (CHE19), which inhibits CHIKV membrane fusion and virion release from CHIKV-infected cells. Homology modeling of the neutralizing antibody CHE19 and protein-protein docking analysis of the CHIKV envelope glycoprotein and CHE19 suggested that CHE19 inhibits the viral membrane fusion by stabilizing the E2-E1 heterodimer and inhibits virion release by facilitating the formation of virus aggregation due to the connecting virions, and these predictions were confirmed by experiments. Sequence information of CHE19 and the CHIKV envelope glycoprotein and their docking model will contribute to future development of an effective prophylactic and therapeutic agent.
Collapse
|
47
|
Nguyen W, Nakayama E, Yan K, Tang B, Le TT, Liu L, Cooper TH, Hayball JD, Faddy HM, Warrilow D, Allcock RJN, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA, Rawle DJ, Lutzky VP, Young P, Oliveira NM, Hartel G, Howley PM, Prow NA, Suhrbier A. Arthritogenic Alphavirus Vaccines: Serogrouping Versus Cross-Protection in Mouse Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020209. [PMID: 32380760 PMCID: PMC7349283 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Ross River virus (RRV), o’nyong nyong virus (ONNV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) and Getah virus (GETV) represent arthritogenic alphaviruses belonging to the Semliki Forest virus antigenic complex. Antibodies raised against one of these viruses can cross-react with other serogroup members, suggesting that, for instance, a CHIKV vaccine (deemed commercially viable) might provide cross-protection against antigenically related alphaviruses. Herein we use human alphavirus isolates (including a new human RRV isolate) and wild-type mice to explore whether infection with one virus leads to cross-protection against viremia after challenge with other members of the antigenic complex. Persistently infected Rag1-/- mice were also used to assess the cross-protective capacity of convalescent CHIKV serum. We also assessed the ability of a recombinant poxvirus-based CHIKV vaccine and a commercially available formalin-fixed, whole-virus GETV vaccine to induce cross-protective responses. Although cross-protection and/or cross-reactivity were clearly evident, they were not universal and were often suboptimal. Even for the more closely related viruses (e.g., CHIKV and ONNV, or RRV and GETV), vaccine-mediated neutralization and/or protection against the intended homologous target was significantly more effective than cross-neutralization and/or cross-protection against the heterologous virus. Effective vaccine-mediated cross-protection would thus likely require a higher dose and/or more vaccinations, which is likely to be unattractive to regulators and vaccine manufacturers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Nguyen
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Tamara H. Cooper
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - John D. Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia;
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Qld 4108, Australia;
| | - Richard J. N. Allcock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
| | - Roy A. Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Viviana P. Lutzky
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
| | - Nidia M. Oliveira
- Deptartment of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia;
| | | | - Natalie A. Prow
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.A.P.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Rabelo VWH, Paixão ICNDP, Abreu PA. Targeting Chikungunya virus by computational approaches: from viral biology to the development of therapeutic strategies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:63-78. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1712362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Won-Held Rabelo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Alvarez Abreu
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Development of a neutralization assay based on the pseudotyped chikungunya virus of a Korean isolate. J Microbiol 2019; 58:46-53. [PMID: 31768937 PMCID: PMC7091072 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the Alphavirus genus of Togaviridae family and contains a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. Infection by this virus mainly causes sudden high fever, rashes, headache, and severe joint pain that can last for several months or years. CHIKV, a mosquito-borne arbovirus, is considered a re-emerging pathogen that has become one of the most pressing global health concerns due to a rapid increase in epidemics. Because handling of CHIKV is restricted to Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) facilities, the evaluation of prophylactic vaccines or antivirals has been substantially hampered. In this study, we first iden-tified the whole structural polyprotein sequence of a CHIKV strain isolated in South Korea (KNIH/2009/77). Phylogenetic analysis showed that this sequence clustered within the East/ Central/South African CHIKV genotype. Using this sequence information, we constructed a CHIKV-pseudotyped lenti-virus expressing the structural polyprotein of the Korean CHIKV isolate (CHIKVpseudo) and dual reporter genes of green fluorescence protein and luciferase. We then developed a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay (PBNA) using CHIKVpseudo. Results from this assay compared to those from the conventional plaque reduction neutralization test showed that our PBNA was a reliable and rapid method to evaluate the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies. More importantly, the neutralizing activities of human sera from CHIKV-infected individuals were quantitated by PBNA using CHIKVpseudo. Taken together, these results suggest that our PBNA for CHIKV may serve as a useful and safe method for testing the neutralizing activity of antibodies against CHIKV in BSL-2 facilities.
Collapse
|
50
|
Rodriguez AK, Muñoz AL, Segura NA, Rangel HR, Bello F. Molecular characteristics and replication mechanism of dengue, zika and chikungunya arboviruses, and their treatments with natural extracts from plants: An updated review. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:988-1006. [PMID: 31762724 PMCID: PMC6868920 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viruses transmitted by arthropods (arboviruses) are the etiological agents of several human diseases with worldwide distribution; including dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV), yellow fever (YFV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. These viruses are especially important in tropical and subtropical regions; where, ZIKV and CHIKV are involved in epidemics worldwide, while the DENV remains as the biggest problem in public health. Factors, such as, environmental conditions promote the distribution of vectors, deficiencies in health services, and lack of effective vaccines, guarantee the presence of these vector-borne diseases. Treatment against these viral diseases is only palliative since available therapies formulated lack to demonstrate specific antiviral activity and vaccine candidates fail to demonstrate enough effectiveness. The use of natural products, as therapeutic tools, is an ancestral practice in different cultures. According to WHO 80 % of the population of some countries from Africa and Asia depend on the use of traditional medicines to deal with some diseases. Molecular characteristics of these viruses are important in determining its cellular pathogenesis, emergence, and dispersion mechanisms, as well as for the development of new antivirals and vaccines to control strategies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the molecular structure and replication mechanisms of selected arboviruses, as well as their mechanism of entry into host cells, and a brief overview about the potential targets accessed to inhibit these viruses in vitro and a summary about their treatment with natural extracts from plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luisa Muñoz
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá, 110231, Colombia
| | - Nidya Alexandra Segura
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Héctor Rafael Rangel
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, 1204, Venezuela
| | - Felio Bello
- Faculty of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Program of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, 110131, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|