1
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Kelly MD, Pawlak MR, Zhan KH, Shamsan GA, Gordon WR, Odde DJ. Mutual antagonism between CD44 and integrins in glioblastoma cell traction and migration. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:036102. [PMID: 38957223 PMCID: PMC11219079 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is the major driver of invasion and metastasis during cancer progression. For cells to migrate, they utilize the actin-myosin cytoskeleton and adhesion molecules, such as integrins and CD44, to generate traction forces in their environment. CD44 primarily binds to hyaluronic acid (HA) and integrins primarily bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen. However, the role of CD44 under integrin-mediated conditions and vice versa is not well known. Here, we performed traction force microscopy (TFM) on U251 cells seeded on collagen I-coated polyacrylamide gels to assess the functional mechanical relationship between integrins and CD44. Performing TFM on integrin-mediated adhesion conditions, i.e., collagen, we found that CD44KO U251 cells exerted more traction force than wild-type (WT) U251 cells. Furthermore, untreated WT and CD44-blocked WT exhibited comparable results. Conversely, in CD44-mediated adhesive conditions, integrin-blocked WT cells exerted a higher traction force than untreated WT cells. Our data suggest that CD44 and integrins have a mutually antagonistic relationship where one receptor represses the other's ability to generate traction force on its cognate substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus D. Kelly
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Matthew R. Pawlak
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kevin H. Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Ghaidan A. Shamsan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Wendy R. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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2
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Tavasoli M, McMaster CR. Defects in integrin complex formation promote CHKB-mediated muscular dystrophy. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202301956. [PMID: 38749543 PMCID: PMC11096732 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the major membrane phospholipid in most eukaryotic cells. Bi-allelic loss of function variants in CHKB, encoding the first step in the synthesis of PC, is the cause of a rostrocaudal muscular dystrophy in both humans and mice. Loss of sarcolemma integrity is a hallmark of muscular dystrophies; however, how this occurs in the absence of choline kinase function is not known. We determine that in Chkb -/- mice there is a failure of the α7β1 integrin complex that is specific to affected muscle. We observed that in Chkb -/- hindlimb muscles there is a decrease in sarcolemma association/abundance of the PI(4,5)P2 binding integrin complex proteins vinculin, and α-actinin, and a decrease in actin association with the sarcolemma. In cells, pharmacological inhibition of choline kinase activity results in internalization of a fluorescent PI(4,5)P2 reporter from discrete plasma membrane clusters at the cell surface membrane to cytosol, this corresponds with a decreased vinculin localization at plasma membrane focal adhesions that was rescued by overexpression of CHKB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Tavasoli
- https://ror.org/01e6qks80 Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Christopher R McMaster
- https://ror.org/01e6qks80 Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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3
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Miao MZ, Lee JS, Yamada KM, Loeser RF. Integrin signalling in joint development, homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:492-509. [PMID: 39014254 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Integrins are key regulators of cell-matrix interactions during joint development and joint tissue homeostasis, as well as in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The signalling cascades initiated by the interactions of integrins with a complex network of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and intracellular adaptor proteins orchestrate cellular responses necessary for maintaining joint tissue integrity. Dysregulated integrin signalling, triggered by matrix degradation products such as matrikines, disrupts this delicate balance, tipping the scales towards an environment conducive to OA pathogenesis. The interplay between integrin signalling and growth factor pathways further underscores the multifaceted nature of OA. Moreover, emerging insights into the role of endocytic trafficking in regulating integrin signalling add a new layer of complexity to the understanding of OA development. To harness the therapeutic potential of targeting integrins for mitigation of OA, comprehensive understanding of their molecular mechanisms across joint tissues is imperative. Ultimately, deciphering the complexities of integrin signalling will advance the ability to treat OA and alleviate its global burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Miao
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janice S Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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Lin G, Lin L, Chen X, Chen L, Yang J, Chen Y, Qian D, Zeng Y, Xu Y. PPAR-γ/NF-kB/AQP3 axis in M2 macrophage orchestrates lung adenocarcinoma progression by upregulating IL-6. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:532. [PMID: 39060229 PMCID: PMC11282095 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporin 3 (AQP3), which is mostly expressed in pulmonary epithelial cells, was linked to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the underlying functions and mechanisms of AQP3 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of LUAD have not been elucidated. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to study the composition, lineage, and functional states of TME-infiltrating immune cells and discover AQP3-expressing subpopulations in five LUAD patients. Then the identifications of its function on TME were examined in vitro and in vivo. AQP3 was associated with TNM stages and lymph node metastasis of LUAD patients. We classified inter- and intra-tumor diversity of LUAD into twelve subpopulations using scRNA-seq analyses. The analysis showed AQP3 was mainly enriched in subpopulations of M2 macrophages. Importantly, mechanistic investigations indicated that AQP3 promoted M2 macrophage polarization by the PPAR-γ/NF-κB axis, which affected tumor growth and migration via modulating IL-6 production. Mixed subcutaneous transplanted tumor mice and Aqp3 knockout mice models were further utilized, and revealed that AQP3 played a critical role in mediating M2 macrophage polarization, modulating glucose metabolism in tumors, and regulating both upstream and downstream pathways. Overall, our study demonstrated that AQP3 could regulate the proliferation, migration, and glycometabolism of tumor cells by modulating M2 macrophages polarization through the PPAR-γ/NF-κB axis and IL-6/IL-6R signaling pathway, providing new insight into the early detection and potential therapeutic target of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Lin
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Lanlan Lin
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Luyang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Jiansheng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian province, 362000, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Danwen Qian
- The Tumor Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance (TIGI) Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Lung Stem Cells, Ouanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center of Interventional Respirology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China.
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5
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Litschel T, Kelley CF, Cheng X, Babl L, Mizuno N, Case LB, Schwille P. Membrane-induced 2D phase separation of the focal adhesion protein talin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4986. [PMID: 38862544 PMCID: PMC11166923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions form liquid-like assemblies around activated integrin receptors at the plasma membrane. How they achieve their flexible properties is not well understood. Here, we use recombinant focal adhesion proteins to reconstitute the core structural machinery in vitro. We observe liquid-liquid phase separation of the core focal adhesion proteins talin and vinculin for a spectrum of conditions and interaction partners. Intriguingly, we show that binding to PI(4,5)P2-containing membranes triggers phase separation of these proteins on the membrane surface, which in turn induces the enrichment of integrin in the clusters. We suggest a mechanism by which 2-dimensional biomolecular condensates assemble on membranes from soluble proteins in the cytoplasm: lipid-binding triggers protein activation and thus, liquid-liquid phase separation of these membrane-bound proteins. This could explain how early focal adhesions maintain a structured and force-resistant organization into the cytoplasm, while still being highly dynamic and able to quickly assemble and disassemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Charlotte F Kelley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Xiaohang Cheng
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leon Babl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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6
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Li J, Jo MH, Yan J, Hall T, Lee J, López-Sánchez U, Yan S, Ha T, Springer TA. Ligand binding initiates single-molecule integrin conformational activation. Cell 2024; 187:2990-3005.e17. [PMID: 38772370 PMCID: PMC11162317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Integrins link the extracellular environment to the actin cytoskeleton in cell migration and adhesiveness. Rapid coordination between events outside and inside the cell is essential. Single-molecule fluorescence dynamics show that ligand binding to the bent-closed integrin conformation, which predominates on cell surfaces, is followed within milliseconds by two concerted changes, leg extension and headpiece opening, to give the high-affinity integrin conformation. The extended-closed integrin conformation is not an intermediate but can be directly accessed from the extended-open conformation and provides a pathway for ligand dissociation. In contrast to ligand, talin, which links the integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic domain to the actin cytoskeleton, modestly stabilizes but does not induce extension or opening. Integrin activation is thus initiated by outside-in signaling and followed by inside-out signaling. Our results further imply that talin binding is insufficient for inside-out integrin activation and that tensile force transmission through the ligand-integrin-talin-actin cytoskeleton complex is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myung Hyun Jo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiabin Yan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taylor Hall
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joon Lee
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Uriel López-Sánchez
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sophia Yan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Newton South High School, Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Timothy A Springer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Shi Y, Muenzner P, Schanz-Jurinka S, Hauck CR. The phosphatidylinositol-5' phosphatase synaptojanin1 limits integrin-mediated invasion of Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0200623. [PMID: 38358281 PMCID: PMC10986543 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02006-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus can invade non-professional phagocytic cells by associating with the plasma protein fibronectin to exploit host cell integrins. Integrin-mediated internalization of these pathogens is facilitated by the local production of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2) via an integrin-associated isoform of phosphatidylinositol-5' kinase. In this study, we addressed the role of PI-4,5-P2-directed phosphatases on internalization of S. aureus. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of individual phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases revealed that synaptojanin1 (SYNJ1) is counteracting invasion of S. aureus into mammalian cells. Indeed, shRNA-mediated depletion as well as genetic deletion of synaptojanin1 via CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in a gain-of-function phenotype with regard to integrin-mediated uptake. Surprisingly, the surface level of integrins was slightly downregulated in Synj1-KO cells. Nevertheless, these cells showed enhanced local accumulation of PI-4,5-P2 and exhibited increased internalization of S. aureus. While the phosphorylation level of the integrin-associated protein tyrosine kinase FAK was unaltered, the integrin-binding and -activating protein talin was enriched in the vicinity of S. aureus in synaptojanin1 knockout cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed enlarged membrane invaginations in the absence of synaptojanin1 explaining the increased capability of these cells to internalize integrin-bound microorganisms. Importantly, the enhanced uptake by Synj1-KO cells and the exaggerated morphological features were rescued by the re-expression of the wild-type enzyme but not phosphatase inactive mutants. Accordingly, synaptojanin1 activity limits integrin-mediated invasion of S. aureus, corroborating the important role of PI-4,5-P2 during this process.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus, an important bacterial pathogen, can invade non-professional phagocytes by capturing host fibronectin and engaging integrin α5β1. Understanding how S. aureus exploits this cell adhesion receptor for efficient cell entry can also shed light on the physiological regulation of integrins by endocytosis. Previous studies have found that a specific membrane lipid, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), supports the internalization process. Here, we extend these findings and report that the local levels of PIP2 are controlled by the activity of the PIP2-directed lipid phosphatase Synaptojanin1. By dephosphorylating PIP2 at bacteria-host cell attachment sites, Synaptojanin1 counteracts the integrin-mediated uptake of the microorganisms. Therefore, our study not only generates new insight into subversion of cellular receptors by pathogenic bacteria but also highlights the role of host cell proteins acting as restriction factors for bacterial invasion at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Petra Muenzner
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Christof R. Hauck
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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8
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Aretz J, Aziz M, Strohmeyer N, Sattler M, Fässler R. Talin and kindlin use integrin tail allostery and direct binding to activate integrins. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1913-1924. [PMID: 38087085 PMCID: PMC10716038 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrin affinity regulation, also termed integrin activation, is essential for metazoan life. Although talin and kindlin binding to the β-integrin cytoplasmic tail is indispensable for integrin activation, it is unknown how they achieve this function. By combining NMR, biochemistry and cell biology techniques, we found that talin and kindlin binding to the β-tail can induce a conformational change that increases talin affinity and decreases kindlin affinity toward it. We also discovered that this asymmetric affinity regulation is accompanied by a direct interaction between talin and kindlin, which promotes simultaneous binding of talin and kindlin to β-tails. Disrupting allosteric communication between the β-tail-binding sites of talin and kindlin or their direct interaction in cells severely compromised integrin functions. These data show how talin and kindlin cooperate to generate a small but critical population of ternary talin-β-integrin-kindlin complexes with high talin-integrin affinity and high dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Aretz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Masood Aziz
- Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sattler
- Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Structural Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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9
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Jain K, Lim KYE, Sheetz MP, Kanchanawong P, Changede R. Intrinsic self-organization of integrin nanoclusters within focal adhesions is required for cellular mechanotransduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567975. [PMID: 38045378 PMCID: PMC10690202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon interaction with the extracellular matrix, the integrin receptors form nanoclusters as a first biochemical response to ligand binding. Here, we uncover a critical biodesign principle where these nanoclusters are spatially self-organized, facilitating effective mechanotransduction. Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) with integrin β3 nanoclusters organized themselves with an intercluster distance of ∼550 nm on uniformly coated fibronectin substrates, leading to larger focal adhesions. We determined that this spatial organization was driven by cell-intrinsic factors since there was no pre-existing pattern on the substrates. Altering this spatial organization using cyclo-RGD functionalized Titanium nanodiscs (of 100 nm, corroborating to the integrin nanocluster size) spaced at intervals of 300 nm (almost half), 600 nm (normal) or 1000 nm (almost double) resulted in abrogation in mechanotransduction, indicating that a new parameter i.e., an optimal intercluster distance is necessary for downstream function. Overexpression of α-actinin, which induces a kink in the integrin tail, disrupted the establishment of the optimal intercluster distance, while simultaneous co-overexpression of talin head with α-actinin rescued it, indicating a concentration-dependent competition, and that cytoplasmic activation of integrin by talin head is required for the optimal intercluster organization. Additionally, talin head-mediated recruitment of FHOD1 that facilitates local actin polymerization at nanoclusters, and actomyosin contractility were also crucial for establishing the optimal intercluster distance and a robust mechanotransduction response. These findings demonstrate that cell-intrinsic machinery plays a vital role in organizing integrin receptor nanoclusters within focal adhesions, encoding essential information for downstream mechanotransduction signalling.
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10
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‘t Hart DC, van der Vlag J, Nijenhuis T. A Putative Role for TRPC6 in Immune-Mediated Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16419. [PMID: 38003608 PMCID: PMC10671681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of the immune system is the cause of a wide variety of renal diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of the immune system in the kidneys often remain unknown. TRPC6, a member of the Ca2+-permeant family of TRPC channels, is important in glomerular epithelial cells or podocytes for the process of glomerular filtration. In addition, TRPC6 plays a crucial role in the development of kidney injuries by inducing podocyte injury. However, an increasing number of studies suggest that TRPC6 is also responsible for tightly regulating the immune cell functions. It remains elusive whether the role of TRPC6 in the immune system and the pathogenesis of renal inflammation are intertwined. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of how TRPC6 coordinates the immune cell functions and propose the hypothesis that TRPC6 might play a pivotal role in the development of kidney injury via its role in the immune system.
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11
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Feng L, Zhao T, Xu H, Shi X, Li C, Hsia KJ, Zhang S. Physical forces guide curvature sensing and cell migration mode bifurcating. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad237. [PMID: 37680491 PMCID: PMC10482382 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and adapt to curvy topographical features has been implicated in organ morphogenesis, tissue repair, and tumor metastasis. However, how individual cells or multicellular assemblies sense and differentiate curvatures remains elusive. Here, we reveal a curvature sensing mechanism in which surface tension can selectively activate either actin or integrin flows, leading to bifurcating cell migration modes: focal adhesion formation that enables cell crawling at convex front edges and actin cable assembly that pulls cells forward at concave front edges. The molecular flows and curved front morphogenesis are sustained by coordinated cellular tension generation and transmission. We track the molecular flows and mechanical force transduction pathways by a phase-field model, which predicts that multicellular curvature sensing is more efficient than individual cells, suggesting collective intelligence of cells. The unique ability of cells in curvature sensing and migration mode bifurcating may offer insights into emergent collective patterns and functions of living active systems at different length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Feng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tiankai Zhao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hongmei Xu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuechen Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Changhao Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - K Jimmy Hsia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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12
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Grandy C, Port F, Radzinski M, Singh K, Erz D, Pfeil J, Reichmann D, Gottschalk KE. Remodeling of the focal adhesion complex by hydrogen-peroxide-induced senescence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9735. [PMID: 37322076 PMCID: PMC10272183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a phenotype characterized by cessation of cell division, which can be caused by exhaustive replication or environmental stress. It is involved in age-related pathophysiological conditions and affects both the cellular cytoskeleton and the prime cellular mechanosensors, focal adhesion complexes. While the size of focal adhesions increases during senescence, it is unknown if and how this is accompanied by a remodeling of the internal focal adhesion structure. Our study uses metal-induced energy transfer to study the axial dimension of focal adhesion proteins from oxidative-stress-induced senescent cells with nanometer precision, and compares these to unstressed cells. We influenced cytoskeletal tension and the functioning of mechanosensitive ion channels using drugs and studied the combined effect of senescence and drug intervention on the focal adhesion structure. We found that H2O2-induced restructuring of the focal adhesion complex indicates a loss of tension and altered talin complexation. Mass spectroscopy-based proteomics confirmed the differential regulation of several cytoskeletal proteins induced by H2O2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Grandy
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Port
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Meytal Radzinski
- Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus-Givat Ram, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm,, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Erz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Pfeil
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Dana Reichmann
- Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus-Givat Ram, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Gupta J, Rangarajan ES, Troyanovsky RB, Indra I, Troyanovsky SM, Izard T. Plakophilin-3 Binds the Membrane and Filamentous Actin without Bundling F-Actin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9458. [PMID: 37298410 PMCID: PMC10253835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plakophilin-3 is a ubiquitously expressed protein found widely in epithelial cells and is a critical component of desmosomes. The plakophilin-3 carboxy-terminal domain harbors nine armadillo repeat motifs with largely unknown functions. Here, we report the 5 Å cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the armadillo repeat motif domain of plakophilin-3, one of the smaller cryoEM structures reported to date. We find that this domain is a monomer or homodimer in solution. In addition, using an in vitro actin co-sedimentation assay, we show that the armadillo repeat domain of plakophilin-3 directly interacts with F-actin. This feature, through direct interactions with actin filaments, could be responsible for the observed association of extra-desmosomal plakophilin-3 with the actin cytoskeleton directly attached to the adherens junctions in A431 epithelial cells. Further, we demonstrate, through lipid binding analyses, that plakophilin-3 can effectively be recruited to the plasma membrane through phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-mediated interactions. Collectively, we report on novel properties of plakophilin-3, which may be conserved throughout the plakophilin protein family and may be behind the roles of these proteins in cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, UF Scripps, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Regina B. Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 606112, USA
| | - Indrajyoti Indra
- Department of Dermatology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 606112, USA
| | - Sergey M. Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 606112, USA
| | - Tina Izard
- Cell Adhesion Laboratory, UF Scripps, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- The Skaggs Graduate School, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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14
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Pernier J, Santos MCD, Souissi M, Joly A, Narassimprakash H, Rossier O, Giannone G, Helfer E, Sengupta K, Clainche CL. Talin and kindlin cooperate to control the density of integrin clusters. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:307144. [PMID: 37083041 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are composed of transmembrane integrins, linking the extracellular matrix to the actomyosin cytoskeleton, via cytoplasmic proteins. Adhesion depends on the activation of integrins. Talin and kindlin proteins are intracellular activators of integrins that bind to β-integrin cytoplasmic tails. Integrin activation and clustering through extracellular ligands guide the organization of adhesion complexes. However, the roles of talin and kindlin in this process are poorly understood. To determine the contribution of talin, kindlin, lipids and actomyosin in integrin clustering, we used a biomimetic in vitro system, made of giant unilamellar vesicles, containing transmembrane integrins (herein αIIbβ3), with purified talin (talin-1), kindlin (kindlin-2, also known as FERMT2) and actomyosin. Here, we show that talin and kindlin individually have the ability to cluster integrins. Talin and kindlin synergize to induce the formation of larger integrin clusters containing the three proteins. Comparison of protein density reveals that kindlin increases talin and integrin density, whereas talin does not affect kindlin and integrin density. Finally, kindlin increases integrin-talin-actomyosin coupling. Our study unambiguously demonstrates how kindlin and talin cooperate to induce integrin clustering, which is a major parameter for cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marcelina Cardoso Dos Santos
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mariem Souissi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Joly
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hemalatha Narassimprakash
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Rossier
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Grégory Giannone
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuèle Helfer
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Kheya Sengupta
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Le Clainche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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15
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Bachmann M, Su B, Rahikainen R, Hytönen VP, Wu J, Wehrle-Haller B. ConFERMing the role of talin in integrin activation and mechanosignaling. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260576. [PMID: 37078342 PMCID: PMC10198623 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin (herein referring to the talin-1 form), is a cytoskeletal adapter protein that binds integrin receptors and F-actin, and is a key factor in the formation and regulation of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions. Talin forms the mechanical link between the cytoplasmic domain of integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. Through this linkage, talin is at the origin of mechanosignaling occurring at the plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interface. Despite its central position, talin is not able to fulfill its tasks alone, but requires help from kindlin and paxillin to detect and transform the mechanical tension along the integrin-talin-F-actin axis into intracellular signaling. The talin head forms a classical FERM domain, which is required to bind and regulate the conformation of the integrin receptor, as well as to induce intracellular force sensing. The FERM domain allows the strategic positioning of protein-protein and protein-lipid interfaces, including the membrane-binding and integrin affinity-regulating F1 loop, as well as the interaction with lipid-anchored Rap1 (Rap1a and Rap1b in mammals) GTPase. Here, we summarize the structural and regulatory features of talin and explain how it regulates cell adhesion and force transmission, as well as intracellular signaling at integrin-containing cell-matrix attachment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Baihao Su
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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16
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Buhr J, Franz F, Gräter F. Intrinsically disordered region of talin's FERM domain functions as an initial PIP 2 recognition site. Biophys J 2023; 122:1277-1286. [PMID: 36814383 PMCID: PMC10111347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) mediate the interaction of the cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix in a highly dynamic fashion. Talin is a central regulator, adaptor protein, and mechano-sensor of FA complexes. For recruitment and firm attachment at FAs, talin's N-terminal FERM domain binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-enriched membranes. A newly published autoinhibitory structure of talin-1, where the known PIP2 interaction sites are covered up, lead us to hypothesize that a hitherto less examined loop insertion of the FERM domain acts as an additional and initial site of contact. We evaluated direct interactions of talin-1 with a PIP2 membrane by means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We show that this unstructured, 33-residue-long loop strongly interacts with PIP2 and can facilitate further membrane contacts, including the canonical PIP2 interactions, by serving as a flexible membrane anchor. Under force as present at FAs, the extensible FERM loop ensures talin maintains membrane contacts when pulled away from the membrane by up to 7 nm. We identify key basic residues of the anchor mediating the highly dynamic talin-membrane interaction. Our results put forward an intrinsically disordered loop as a key and highly adaptable PIP2 recognition site of talin and potentially other PIP2-binding mechano-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Buhr
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Franz
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Ehret T, Heißenberg T, de Buhr S, Aponte-Santamaría C, Steinem C, Gräter F. FERM domains recruit ample PI(4,5)P 2s to form extensive protein-membrane attachments. Biophys J 2023; 122:1325-1333. [PMID: 36814382 PMCID: PMC10111351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The four-point-one ezrin-radixin-moesin homology (FERM) protein domain is a multifunctional protein-lipid binding site, constituting an integral part of numerous membrane-associated proteins. Its interaction with the lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), located at the inner leaflet of eukaryotic plasma membranes, is important for localization, anchorage, and activation of FERM-containing proteins. FERM-PIP2 complexes structurally determined so far exclusively feature a 1:1 binding stoichiometry of protein and lipid, with a few basic FERM residues neutralizing the -4 charge of the bound PIP2. Whether this picture from static crystal structures also applies to the dynamic interaction of FERM domains on PIP2 membranes is unknown. We here quantified the stoichiometry of FERM-PIP2 binding in a lipid bilayer using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and experiments on solid supported membranes for the FERM domains of focal adhesion kinase and ezrin. In contrast to the structural data, we find much higher average stoichiometries of FERM-PIP2 binding, amounting to 1:3 or 1:4 ratios, respectively. In simulations, the full set of basic residues at the membrane interface, 7 and 15 residues for focal adhesion kinase and ezrin, respectively, engages in PIP2 interactions. In addition, Na ions enter the FERM-membrane binding interface, compensating negative PIP2 charges in case of high charge surpluses from bound PIP2. We propose the multivalent binding of FERM domains to PIP2 in lipid bilayers to significantly enhance the stability of FERM-membrane binding and to render the FERM-membrane linkage highly adjustable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ehret
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Heißenberg
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg and Göttingen, Germany
| | - Svenja de Buhr
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg and Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg and Göttingen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Cholesterol and Sphingomyelin Polarize at the Leading Edge of Migrating Myoblasts and Involve Their Clustering in Submicrometric Domains. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020319. [PMID: 36830688 PMCID: PMC9953279 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoblast migration is crucial for myogenesis and muscular tissue homeostasis. However, its spatiotemporal control remains elusive. Here, we explored the involvement of plasma membrane cholesterol and sphingolipids in this process. In resting C2C12 mouse myoblasts, those lipids clustered in sphingomyelin/cholesterol/GM1 ganglioside (SM/chol/GM1)- and cholesterol (chol)-enriched domains, which presented a lower stiffness than the bulk membrane. Upon migration, cholesterol and sphingomyelin polarized at the front, forming cholesterol (chol)- and sphingomyelin/cholesterol (SM/chol)-enriched domains, while GM1-enriched domains polarized at the rear. A comparison of domain proportion suggested that SM/chol- and GM1-enriched domains originated from the SM/chol/GM1-coenriched domains found at resting state. Modulation of domain proportion (through cholesterol depletion, combined or not with actin polymerization inhibition, or sphingolipid synthesis inhibition) revealed that the higher the chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains, the higher the myoblast migration. At the front, chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains were found in proximity with F-actin fibers and the lateral mobility of sphingomyelin in domains was specifically restricted in a cholesterol- and cytoskeleton-dependent manner while domain abrogation impaired F-actin and focal adhesion polarization. Altogether, we showed the polarization of cholesterol and sphingomyelin and their clustering in chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains with differential properties and roles, providing a mechanism for the spatial and functional control of myoblast migration.
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19
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Kostow N, Welch MD. Manipulation of host cell plasma membranes by intracellular bacterial pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 71:102241. [PMID: 36442349 PMCID: PMC10074913 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of the host cell plasma membrane is critical during infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens, particularly during bacterial entry into and exit from host cells. To manipulate host cells, bacteria deploy secreted proteins that modulate or modify host cell components. Here, we review recent advances that suggest common themes by which bacteria manipulate the host cell plasma membrane. One theme is that bacteria use diverse strategies to target or influence host cell plasma membrane composition and shape. A second theme is that bacteria take advantage of host cell plasma membrane-associated pathways such as signal transduction, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Future investigation into how bacterial and host factors contribute to plasma membrane manipulation by bacterial pathogens will reveal new insights into pathogenesis and fundamental principles of plasma membrane biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kostow
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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20
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Pang X, He X, Qiu Z, Zhang H, Xie R, Liu Z, Gu Y, Zhao N, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:1. [PMID: 36588107 PMCID: PMC9805914 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic. In addition, we further discuss the trend of drug development, how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies, and the key points for clinical research, basic research, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Pang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xie
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yanlun Gu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034 Beijing, China ,grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, 100034, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China.
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21
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Merino-Casallo F, Gomez-Benito MJ, Hervas-Raluy S, Garcia-Aznar JM. Unravelling cell migration: defining movement from the cell surface. Cell Adh Migr 2022; 16:25-64. [PMID: 35499121 PMCID: PMC9067518 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2022.2055520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is essential for life and development. Unfortunately, cell migration is also linked to several pathological processes, such as cancer metastasis. Cells' ability to migrate relies on many actors. Cells change their migratory strategy based on their phenotype and the properties of the surrounding microenvironment. Cell migration is, therefore, an extremely complex phenomenon. Researchers have investigated cell motility for more than a century. Recent discoveries have uncovered some of the mysteries associated with the mechanisms involved in cell migration, such as intracellular signaling and cell mechanics. These findings involve different players, including transmembrane receptors, adhesive complexes, cytoskeletal components , the nucleus, and the extracellular matrix. This review aims to give a global overview of our current understanding of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Merino-Casallo
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Gomez-Benito
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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22
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Han SJ, Kwon S, Kim KS. Contribution of mechanical homeostasis to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1119-1136. [PMID: 36149601 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to other parts of the body via the lymphatic system and bloodstream. With tremendous effort over the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of metastatic processes. Metastasis occurs through five steps, including infiltration and migration, intravasation, survival, extravasation, and colonization. Various molecular and cellular factors involved in the metastatic process have been identified, such as epigenetic factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell-cell interactions, soluble signaling, adhesion molecules, and mechanical stimuli. However, the underlying cause of cancer metastasis has not been elucidated. CONCLUSION In this review, we have focused on changes in the mechanical properties of cancer cells and their surrounding environment to understand the causes of cancer metastasis. Cancer cells have unique mechanical properties that distinguish them from healthy cells. ECM stiffness is involved in cancer cell growth, particularly in promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During tumorigenesis, the mechanical properties of cancer cells change in the direction opposite to their environment, resulting in a mechanical stress imbalance between the intracellular and extracellular domains. Disruption of mechanical homeostasis may be one of the causes of EMT that triggers the metastasis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jik Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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PI(4,5)P2: signaling the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2022; 479:2311-2325. [PMID: 36367756 PMCID: PMC9704524 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the almost 70 years since the first hints of its existence, the phosphoinositide, phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate has been found to be central in the biological regulation of plasma membrane (PM) function. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling, transport and structural roles the lipid plays at the cell surface in animal cells. These include being substrate for second messenger generation, direct modulation of receptors, control of membrane traffic, regulation of ion channels and transporters, and modulation of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity. We conclude by re-evaluating PI(4,5)P2's designation as a signaling molecule, instead proposing a cofactor role, enabling PM-selective function for many proteins.
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24
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Wang X, Zhao N, Wang T, Du S, Liu Q, Li J. Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Copulation, Fertilization, and Gestation in Sebastes schlegelii. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101812. [PMID: 36292697 PMCID: PMC9601582 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the viviparous marine teleosts of China, the black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf) is one of the most economically important. In addition to copulation and internal fertilization, it features lengthy sperm storage in the female ovary as well as a high rate of abortion. A network of gene regulation is necessary for these processes. To elucidate the mechanisms of copulation, fertilization, and gestation, it is essential to determine the genetic basis of viviparous teleost oogenesis and embryogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of the ovary during different developmental phases to investigate the dynamic changes that occur. We constructed 24 ovary transcriptomes. In order to investigate the regulation of embryogenesis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with specific expression patterns were subjected to gene ontology annotation, pathway analyses, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in focal adhesion, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, Wnt, and ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathways. As a result of our study, we provide omics evidence for copulation, fertilization, and gestation in viviparous marine teleosts. Decoding the S. schlegelii gene regulation network, as well as providing new insights into embryogenesis, is highly valuable to researchers in the marine teleost reproduction sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuran Du
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-532-82898718
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25
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Binder V, Chruścicka-Smaga B, Bergum B, Jaisson S, Gillery P, Sivertsen J, Hervig T, Kaminska M, Tilvawala R, Nemmara VV, Thompson PR, Potempa J, Marti HP, Mydel P. Carbamylation of Integrin α IIb β 3: The Mechanistic Link to Platelet Dysfunction in ESKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1841-1856. [PMID: 36038265 PMCID: PMC9528322 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding diatheses, common among patients with ESKD, can lead to serious complications, particularly during invasive procedures. Chronic urea overload significantly increases cyanate concentrations in patients with ESKD, leading to carbamylation, an irreversible modification of proteins and peptides. METHODS To investigate carbamylation as a potential mechanistic link between uremia and platelet dysfunction in ESKD, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to quantify total homocitrulline, and biotin-conjugated phenylglyoxal labeling and Western blot to detect carbamylated integrin α IIb β 3 (a receptor required for platelet aggregation). Flow cytometry was used to study activation of isolated platelets and platelet-rich plasma. In a transient transfection system, we tested activity and fibrinogen binding of different mutated forms of the receptor. We assessed platelet adhesion and aggregation in microplate assays. RESULTS Carbamylation inhibited platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation. Patients on hemodialysis exhibited significantly reduced activation of α IIb β 3 compared with healthy controls. We found significant carbamylation of both subunits of α IIb β 3 on platelets from patients receiving hemodialysis versus only minor modification in controls. In the transient transfection system, modification of lysine 185 in the β 3 subunit was associated with loss of receptor activity and fibrinogen binding. Supplementation of free amino acids, which was shown to protect plasma proteins from carbamylation-induced damage in patients on hemodialysis, prevented loss of α IIb β 3 activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Carbamylation of α IIb β 3-specifically modification of the K185 residue-might represent a mechanistic link between uremia and dysfunctional primary hemostasis in patients on hemodialysis. The observation that free amino acids prevented the carbamylation-induced loss of α IIb β 3 activity suggests amino acid administration during dialysis may help to normalize platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Binder
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Brith Bergum
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7369, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7369, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Joar Sivertsen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor Hervig
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marta Kaminska
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ronak Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Venkatesh V. Nemmara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jan Potempa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Piotr Mydel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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26
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Wen L, Lyu Q, Ley K, Goult BT. Structural Basis of β2 Integrin Inside—Out Activation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193039. [PMID: 36231001 PMCID: PMC9564206 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are expressed on all leukocytes. Precise regulation of the β2 integrin is critical for leukocyte adhesion and trafficking. In neutrophils, β2 integrins participate in slow rolling. When activated by inside–out signaling, fully activated β2 integrins mediate rapid leukocyte arrest and adhesion. The two activation pathways, starting with selectin ligand engagement and chemokine receptor ligation, respectively, converge on phosphoinositide 3-kinase, talin-1, kindlin-3 and Rap1. Here, we focus on recent structural insights into autoinhibited talin-1 and autoinhibited trimeric kindlin-3. When activated, both talin-1 and kindlin-3 can bind the β2 cytoplasmic tail at separate but adjacent sites. We discuss possible pathways for talin-1 and kindlin-3 activation, recruitment to the plasma membrane, and their role in integrin activation. We propose new models of the final steps of integrin activation involving the complex of talin-1, kindlin-3, integrin and the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89577, USA
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qingkang Lyu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1227-816-142
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27
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Lim R, Banerjee A, Biswas R, Chari AN, Raghavan S. Mechanotransduction through adhesion molecules: Emerging roles in regulating the stem cell niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:966662. [PMID: 36172276 PMCID: PMC9511051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.966662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been shown to play an important role in regenerative medicine due to their proliferative and differentiation potential. The challenge, however, lies in regulating and controlling their potential for this purpose. Stem cells are regulated by growth factors as well as an array of biochemical and mechanical signals. While the role of biochemical signals and growth factors in regulating stem cell homeostasis is well explored, the role of mechanical signals has only just started to be investigated. Stem cells interact with their niche or to other stem cells via adhesion molecules that eventually transduce mechanical cues to maintain their homeostatic function. Here, we present a comprehensive review on our current understanding of the influence of the forces perceived by cell adhesion molecules on the regulation of stem cells. Additionally, we provide insights on how this deeper understanding of mechanobiology of stem cells has translated toward therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lim
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Avinanda Banerjee
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ritusree Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
- Sastra University, Thanjavur, TN, India
| | - Anana Nandakumar Chari
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srikala Raghavan
- A∗STAR Skin Research Lab (ASRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), GKVK Campus, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Srikala Raghavan,
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28
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Extracellular Adenosine (eAdo) - A2B Receptor Axis Inhibits in Nlrp3 Inflammasome-dependent Manner Trafficking of Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2893-2911. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe postulated that mobilization, homing, and engraftment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCPs) is facilitated by a state of sterile inflammation induced in bone marrow (BM) after administration of pro-mobilizing drugs or in response to pre-transplant myeloablative conditioning. An important role in this phenomenon plays purinergic signaling that by the release of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) activates in HSPCs and in cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PPR) known as Nlrp3 inflammasome. We reported recently that its deficiency results in defective trafficking of HSPCs. Moreover, it is known that eATP after release into extracellular space is processed by cell surface expressed ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to extracellular adenosine (eAdo) that in contrast to eATP shows an anti-inflammatory effect. Based on data that the state of sterile inflammation promotes trafficking of HSPCs, and since eAdo is endowed with anti-inflammatory properties we become interested in how eAdo will affect the mobilization, homing, and engraftment of HSPCs and which of eAdo receptors are involved in these processes. As expected, eAdo impaired HSPCs trafficking and this occurred in autocrine- and paracrine-dependent manner by direct stimulation of these cells or by affecting cells in the BM microenvironment. We report herein for the first time that this defect is mediated by activation of the A2B receptor and a specific inhibitor of this receptor improves eAdo-aggravated trafficking of HSPCs. To explain this at the molecular level eAdo-A2B receptor interaction upregulates in HSPCs in NF-kB-, NRF2- and cAMP-dependent manner heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), that is Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitor. This corroborated with our analysis of proteomics signature in murine HSPCs exposed to eAdo that revealed that A2B inhibition promotes cell migration and proliferation. Based on this we postulate that blockage of A2B receptor may accelerate the mobilization of HSPCs as well as their hematopoietic reconstitution and this approach could be potentially considered in the future to be tested in the clinic.
Graphical Abstract
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29
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Molecular mechanisms of leukocyte β2 integrin activation. Blood 2022; 139:3480-3492. [PMID: 35167661 PMCID: PMC10082358 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Although all integrins can undergo activation (affinity change for ligands), the degree of activation is most spectacular for integrins on blood cells. The β2 integrins are exclusively expressed on the surface of all leukocytes including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. They are essential for many leukocyte functions and are strictly required for neutrophil arrest from rolling. The inside-out integrin activation process receives input from chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules. The integrin activation pathway involves many cytoplasmic signaling molecules such as spleen tyrosine kinase, other kinases like Bruton's tyrosine kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipases, Rap1 GTPases, and the Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule. These signaling events ultimately converge on talin-1 and kindlin-3, which bind to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain and induce integrin conformational changes: extension and high affinity for ligand. Here, we review recent structural and functional insights into how talin-1 and kindlin-3 enable integrin activation, with a focus on the distal signaling components that trigger β2 integrin conformational changes and leukocyte adhesion under flow.
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30
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Sun H, Lagarrigue F, Ginsberg MH. The Connection Between Rap1 and Talin1 in the Activation of Integrins in Blood Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:908622. [PMID: 35721481 PMCID: PMC9198492 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.908622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins regulate the adhesion and migration of blood cells to ensure the proper positioning of these cells in the environment. Integrins detect physical and chemical stimuli in the extracellular matrix and regulate signaling pathways in blood cells that mediate their functions. Integrins are usually in a resting state in blood cells until agonist stimulation results in a high-affinity conformation ("integrin activation"), which is central to integrins' contribution to blood cells' trafficking and functions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of integrin activation in blood cells with a focus on recent advances understanding of mechanisms whereby Rap1 regulates talin1-integrin interaction to trigger integrin activation in lymphocytes, platelets, and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Frederic Lagarrigue
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Mark H. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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31
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Gautam D, Kailashiya J, Tiwari A, Chaurasia RN, Annarapu GK, Guchhait P, Dash D. Fibrinogen Mitigates Prion-Mediated Platelet Activation and Neuronal Cell Toxicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834016. [PMID: 35386203 PMCID: PMC8977893 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion peptide (PrP) misfolds to infectious scrapie isoform, the β pleat-rich insoluble fibrils responsible for neurodegeneration and fatal conformational diseases in humans. The amino acid sequence 106–126 from prion proteins, PrP(106–126), is highly amyloidogenic and implicated in prion-induced pathologies. Here, we report a novel interaction between PrP(106–126) and the thrombogenic plasma protein fibrinogen that can lead to mitigation of prion-mediated pro-thrombotic responses in human platelets as well as significant decline in neuronal toxicity. Thus, prior exposure to fibrinogen-restrained PrP-induced rise in cytosolic calcium, calpain activation, and shedding of extracellular vesicles in platelets while it, too, averted cytotoxicity of neuronal cells triggered by prion peptide. Interestingly, PrP was found to accelerate fibrin-rich clot formation, which was resistant to plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis, consistent with enhanced thrombus stability provoked by PrP. We propose that PrP-fibrinogen interaction can be clinically exploited further for prevention and management of infectious prion related disorders. Small molecules or peptides mimicking PrP-binding sites on fibrinogen can potentially mitigate PrP-induced cellular toxicity while also preventing the negative impact of PrP on fibrin clot formation and lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gautam
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jyotsna Kailashiya
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arundhati Tiwari
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gowtham K. Annarapu
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Debabrata Dash,
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32
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Li H, Ai L, Ma Q, Qiao X, Yang J, Zhang H, Ou X, Wang Y, Chen G, Xue J, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Liu C. Binding blockade between TLN1 and integrin β1 represses triple-negative breast cancer. eLife 2022; 11:68481. [PMID: 35285795 PMCID: PMC8937232 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Integrin family are known as key gears in focal adhesion for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis. However, the integrin independent factor TLN1 remains vague in TNBC. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was performed based on TCGA database and Shengjing Hospital cohort. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of TLN1 and integrin pathway in cells. A small-molecule C67399 was screened for blocking TLN1 and integrin β1 through a novel computational screening approach by targeting the protein-protein binding interface. Drug pharmacodynamics were determined through xenograft assay. Results: Upregulation of TLN1 in TNBC samples correlates with metastasis and worse prognosis. Silencing TLN1 in TNBC cells significantly attenuated the migration of tumour cells through interfering the dynamic formation of focal adhesion with integrin β1, thus regulating FAK-AKT signal pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Targeting the binding between TLN1 and integrin β1 by C67399 could repress metastasis of TNBC. Conclusions: TLN1 overexpression contributes to TNBC metastasis and C67399 targeting TLN1 may hold promise for TNBC treatment. Funding: This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81872159, 81902607, 81874301), Liaoning Colleges Innovative Talent Support Program (Name: Cancer Stem Cell Origin and Biological Behaviour), Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital (201803), and Outstanding Young Scholars of Liaoning Province (2019-YQ-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Haonan Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Liping Ai
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingtian Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinbo Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xunyan Ou
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanglei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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33
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Obeng G, Park EJ, Appiah MG, Kawamoto E, Gaowa A, Shimaoka M. miRNA-200c-3p targets talin-1 to regulate integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21597. [PMID: 34732818 PMCID: PMC8566560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of integrins on the cell surface to mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix ligands is regulated by intracellular signaling cascades. During this signaling process, the talin (TLN) recruited to integrin cytoplasmic tails plays the critical role of the major adaptor protein to trigger integrin activation. Thus, intracellular levels of TLN are thought to determine integrin-mediated cellular functions. However, the epigenetic regulation of TLN expression and consequent modulation of integrin activation remain to be elucidated. Bioinformatics analysis led us to consider miR-200c-3p as a TLN1-targeting miRNA. To test this, we have generated miR-200c-3p-overexpressing and miR-200c-3p-underexpressing cell lines, including HEK293T, HCT116, and LNCaP cells. Overexpression of miR-200c-3p resulted in a remarkable decrease in the expression of TLN1, which was associated with the suppression of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin. In contrast, the reduction in endogenous miR-200c-3p levels led to increased expression of TLN1 and enhanced cell adhesion to fibronectin and focal adhesion plaques formation. Moreover, miR-200c-3p was found to target TLN1 by binding to its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). Taken together, our data indicate that miR-200c-3p contributes to the regulation of integrin activation and cell adhesion via the targeting of TLN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Obeng
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Michael G Appiah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Arong Gaowa
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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Braun L, Schoen I, Vogel V. PIP 2-induced membrane binding of the vinculin tail competes with its other binding partners. Biophys J 2021; 120:4608-4622. [PMID: 34411575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin plays a key role during the first phase of focal adhesion formation and interacts with the plasma membrane through specific binding of its tail domain to the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Our understanding of the PIP2-vinculin interaction has been hampered by contradictory biochemical and structural data. Here, we used a multiscale molecular dynamics simulation approach, in which unbiased coarse-grained molecular dynamics were used to generate starting structures for subsequent microsecond-long all-atom simulations. This allowed us to map the interaction of the vinculin tail with PIP2-enriched membranes in atomistic detail. In agreement with experimental data, we have shown that membrane binding is sterically incompatible with the intramolecular interaction between vinculin's head and tail domain. Our simulations further confirmed biochemical and structural results, which identified two positively charged surfaces, the basic collar and the basic ladder, as the main PIP2 interaction sites. By introducing a valency-disaggregated binding network analysis, we were able to map the protein-lipid interactions in unprecedented detail. In contrast to the basic collar, in which PIP2 is specifically recognized by an up to hexavalent binding pocket, the basic ladder forms a series of low-valency binding sites. Importantly, many of these PIP2 binding residues are also involved in maintaining vinculin in a closed, autoinhibited conformation. These findings led us to propose a molecular mechanism for the coupling between vinculin activation and membrane binding. Finally, our refined binding site suggests an allosteric relationship between PIP2 and F-actin binding that disfavors simultaneous interaction with both ligands, despite nonoverlapping binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Braun
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Myosin-X and talin modulate integrin activity at filopodia tips. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109716. [PMID: 34525374 PMCID: PMC8456781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia assemble unique integrin-adhesion complexes to sense the extracellular matrix. However, the mechanisms of integrin regulation in filopodia are poorly defined. Here, we report that active integrins accumulate at the tip of myosin-X (MYO10)-positive filopodia, while inactive integrins are uniformly distributed. We identify talin and MYO10 as the principal integrin activators in filopodia. In addition, deletion of MYO10's FERM domain, or mutation of its β1-integrin-binding residues, reveals MYO10 as facilitating integrin activation, but not transport, in filopodia. However, MYO10's isolated FERM domain alone cannot activate integrins, potentially because of binding to both integrin tails. Finally, because a chimera construct generated by swapping MYO10-FERM by talin-FERM enables integrin activation in filopodia, our data indicate that an integrin-binding FERM domain coupled to a myosin motor is a core requirement for integrin activation in filopodia. Therefore, we propose a two-step integrin activation model in filopodia: receptor tethering by MYO10 followed by talin-mediated integrin activation.
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36
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Shi Y, Berking A, Baade T, Legate KR, Fässler R, Hauck CR. PIP5KIγ90-generated phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate promotes the uptake of Staphylococcus aureus by host cells. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1249-1267. [PMID: 34519119 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive pathogen, invades cells mainly in an integrin-dependent manner. As the activity or conformation of several integrin-associated proteins can be regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2 ), we investigated the roles of PI-4,5-P2 and PI-4,5-P2 -producing enzymes in cellular invasion by S. aureus. PI-4,5-P2 accumulated upon contact of S. aureus with the host cell, and targeting of an active PI-4,5-P2 phosphatase to the plasma membrane reduced bacterial invasion. Knockdown of individual phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases revealed that phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase γ (PIP5KIγ) plays an important role in bacterial internalization. Specific ablation of the talin and FAK-binding motif in PIP5KIγ90 reduced bacterial invasion, which could be rescued by reexpression of an active, but not inactive PIP5KIγ90. Furthermore, PIP5KIγ90-deficient cells showed normal basal PI-4,5-P2 levels in the plasma membrane but reduced the accumulation of PI-4,5-P2 and talin at sites of S. aureus attachment and overall lower levels of FAK phosphorylation. These results highlight the importance of local synthesis of PI-4,5-P2 by a focal adhesion-associated lipid kinase for integrin-mediated internalization of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anne Berking
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Timo Baade
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl für Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Bromberger T, Klapproth S, Rohwedder I, Weber J, Pick R, Mittmann L, Min-Weißenhorn SJ, Reichel CA, Scheiermann C, Sperandio M, Moser M. Binding of Rap1 and Riam to Talin1 Fine-Tune β2 Integrin Activity During Leukocyte Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702345. [PMID: 34489950 PMCID: PMC8417109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins mediate key processes during leukocyte trafficking. Upon leukocyte activation, the structurally bent β2 integrins change their conformation towards an extended, intermediate and eventually high affinity conformation, which mediate slow leukocyte rolling and firm arrest, respectively. Translocation of talin1 to integrin adhesion sites by interactions with the small GTPase Rap1 and the Rap1 effector Riam precede these processes. Using Rap1 binding mutant talin1 and Riam deficient mice we show a strong Riam-dependent T cell homing process to lymph nodes in adoptive transfer experiments and by intravital microscopy. Moreover, neutrophils from compound mutant mice exhibit strongly increased rolling velocities to inflamed cremaster muscle venules compared to single mutants. Using Hoxb8 cell derived neutrophils generated from the mutant mouse strains, we show that both pathways regulate leukocyte rolling and adhesion synergistically by inducing conformational changes of the β2 integrin ectodomain. Importantly, a simultaneous loss of both pathways results in a rolling phenotype similar to talin1 deficient neutrophils suggesting that β2 integrin regulation primarily occurs via these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bromberger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jasmin Weber
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Robert Pick
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mittmann
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph A. Reichel
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine (WBex), Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Overduin M, Kervin TA. The phosphoinositide code is read by a plethora of protein domains. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:483-502. [PMID: 34351250 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1962302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proteins that decipher nucleic acid- and protein-based information are well known, however, those that read membrane-encoded information remain understudied. Here we report 70 different human, microbial and viral protein folds that recognize phosphoinositides (PIs), comprising the readers of a vast membrane code. AREAS COVERED Membrane recognition is best understood for FYVE, PH and PX domains, which exemplify hundreds of PI code readers. Comparable lipid interaction mechanisms may be mediated by kinases, adjacent C1 and C2 domains, trafficking arrestin, GAT and VHS modules, membrane-perturbing annexin, BAR, CHMP, ENTH, HEAT, syntaxin and Tubby helical bundles, multipurpose FERM, EH, MATH, PHD, PDZ, PROPPIN, PTB and SH2 domains, as well as systems that regulate receptors, GTPases and actin filaments, transfer lipids and assembled bacterial and viral particles. EXPERT OPINION The elucidation of how membranes are recognized has extended the genetic code to the PI code. Novel discoveries include PIP-stop and MET-stop residues to which phosphates and metabolites are attached to block phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) recognition, memteins as functional membrane protein apparatuses, and lipidons as lipid "codons" recognized by membrane readers. At least 5% of the human proteome senses such membrane signals and allows eukaryotic organelles and pathogens to operate and replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy A Kervin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Tierney C, Bazou D, Majumder MM, Anttila P, Silvennoinen R, Heckman CA, Dowling P, O'Gorman P. Next generation proteomics with drug sensitivity screening identifies sub-clones informing therapeutic and drug development strategies for multiple myeloma patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12866. [PMID: 34145309 PMCID: PMC8213739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the introduction of novel therapeutic agents, survival in Multiple Myeloma (MM) has increased in recent years. However, drug-resistant clones inevitably arise and lead to disease progression and death. The current International Myeloma Working Group response criteria are broad and make it difficult to clearly designate resistant and responsive patients thereby hampering proteo-genomic analysis for informative biomarkers for sensitivity. In this proof-of-concept study we addressed these challenges by combining an ex-vivo drug sensitivity testing platform with state-of-the-art proteomics analysis. 35 CD138-purified MM samples were taken from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed MM and exposed to therapeutic agents from five therapeutic drug classes including Bortezomib, Quizinostat, Lenalidomide, Navitoclax and PF-04691502. Comparative proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry objectively determined the most and least sensitive patient groups. Using this approach several proteins of biological significance were identified in each drug class. In three of the five classes focal adhesion-related proteins predicted low sensitivity, suggesting that targeting this pathway could modulate cell adhesion mediated drug resistance. Using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, strong predictive power for the specificity and sensitivity of these potential biomarkers was identified. This approach has the potential to yield predictive theranostic protein panels that can inform therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Tierney
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Hematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Muntasir M Majumder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Anttila
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Silvennoinen
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Peter O'Gorman
- Department of Hematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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40
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Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. β2 integrin activation and signal transduction in leukocyte recruitment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C308-C316. [PMID: 34133240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00560.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is a critical step in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and immunological responses. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in controlling cell movements and the recruitment process, and the integrin family of CAMs plays a key role. During cell movement, integrin function is dynamically and precisely regulated. However, this balance might be broken under pathological conditions. Thus, the functional regulation and molecular mechanisms of integrins related to diseases are often a focus of research. Integrin β2 is one of the most commonly expressed integrins in leukocytes that mediate leukocyte adhesion and migration, and it plays an important role in immune responses and inflammation. In this review, we focus on specific functions of integrin β2 in leukocyte recruitment, the conformational changes and signal transduction of integrin β2 activation, the similarities between murine and human factors, and how new insights into these processes can inform future therapies for inflammation and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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41
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Schumacher S, Vazquez Nunez R, Biertümpfel C, Mizuno N. Bottom-up reconstitution of focal adhesion complexes. FEBS J 2021; 289:3360-3373. [PMID: 33999507 PMCID: PMC9290908 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FA) are large macromolecular assemblies relevant for various cellular and pathological events such as migration, polarization, and metastatic cancer formation. At FA sites at the migrating periphery of a cell, hundreds of players gather and form a network to respond to extra cellular stimuli transmitted by the integrin receptor, the most upstream component within a cell, initiating the FA signaling pathway. Numerous cellular experiments have been performed to understand the FA architecture and functions; however, their intricate network formation hampers unraveling the precise molecular actions of individual players. Here, in vitro bottom‐up reconstitution presents an advantageous approach for elucidating the FA machinery and the hierarchical crosstalk of involved cellular players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schumacher
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roberto Vazquez Nunez
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Biertümpfel
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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42
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Mishra YG, Manavathi B. Focal adhesion dynamics in cellular function and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110046. [PMID: 34004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acting as a bridge between the cytoskeleton of the cell and the extra cellular matrix (ECM), the cell-ECM adhesions with integrins at their core, play a major role in cell signalling to direct mechanotransduction, cell migration, cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, growth and repair. Biochemically, these adhesions are composed of diverse, yet an organised group of structural proteins, receptors, adaptors, various enzymes including protein kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, proteases, etc. as well as scaffolding molecules. The major integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) characterised are focal adhesions (FAs), invadosomes (podosomes and invadopodia), hemidesmosomes (HDs) and reticular adhesions (RAs). The varied composition and regulation of the IACs and their signalling, apart from being an integral part of normal cell survival, has been shown to be of paramount importance in various developmental and pathological processes. This review per-illustrates the recent advancements in the research of IACs, their crucial roles in normal as well as diseased states. We have also touched on few of the various methods that have been developed over the years to visualise IACs, measure the forces they exert and study their signalling and molecular composition. Having such pertinent roles in the context of various pathologies, these IACs need to be understood and studied to develop therapeutical targets. We have given an update to the studies done in recent years and described various techniques which have been applied to study these structures, thereby, providing context in furthering research with respect to IAC targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaswi Gayatri Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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43
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Bu W, Levitskaya Z, Tan SM, Gao YG. Emerging evidence for kindlin oligomerization and its role in regulating kindlin function. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:256567. [PMID: 33912917 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Kindlins are important positive regulators of integrin activation. The FERM-domain-containing kindlin family comprises three members, kindlin-1, kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 (also known as FERMT1, FERMT2 and FERMT3), which share high sequence similarity (identity >50%), as well as domain organization, but exhibit diverse tissue-specific expression patterns and cellular functions. Given the significance of kindlins, analysis of their atomic structures has been an attractive field for decades. Recently, the structures of kindlin and its β-integrin-bound form have been obtained, which greatly advance our understanding of the molecular functions that involve kindlins. In particular, emerging evidence indicates that oligomerization of kindlins might affect their integrin binding and focal adhesion localization, positively or negatively. In this Review, we presented an update on the recent progress of obtaining kindlin structures, and discuss the implication for integrin activation based on kindlin oligomerization, as well as the possible regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China518055
| | - Zarina Levitskaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore639798
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44
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Wang S, Hashemi S, Stratton S, Arinzeh TL. The Effect of Physical Cues of Biomaterial Scaffolds on Stem Cell Behavior. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001244. [PMID: 33274860 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been sought as a promising cell source in the tissue engineering field due to their proliferative capacity as well as differentiation potential. Biomaterials have been utilized to facilitate the delivery of stem cells in order to improve their engraftment and long-term viability upon implantation. Biomaterials also have been developed as scaffolds to promote stem cell induced tissue regeneration. This review focuses on the latter where the biomaterial scaffold is designed to provide physical cues to stem cells in order to promote their behavior for tissue formation. Recent work that explores the effect of scaffold physical properties, topography, mechanical properties and electrical properties, is discussed. Although still being elucidated, the biological mechanisms, including cell shape, focal adhesion distribution, and nuclear shape, are presented. This review also discusses emerging areas and challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Sharareh Hashemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Scott Stratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
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45
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Liao Z, Gingras AR, Lagarrigue F, Ginsberg MH, Shattil SJ. Optogenetics-based localization of talin to the plasma membrane promotes activation of β3 integrins. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100675. [PMID: 33865854 PMCID: PMC8131925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of talin with the cytoplasmic tails of integrin β triggers integrin activation, leading to an increase of integrin affinity/avidity for extracellular ligands. In talin KO mice, loss of talin interaction with platelet integrin αIIbβ3 causes a severe hemostatic defect, and loss of talin interaction with endothelial cell integrin αVβ3 affects angiogenesis. In normal cells, talin is autoinhibited and localized in the cytoplasm. Here, we used an optogenetic platform to assess whether recruitment of full-length talin to the plasma membrane was sufficient to induce integrin activation. A dimerization module (Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 fused to the N terminus of talin; N-terminal of cryptochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix domain ended with a CAAX box protein [C: cysteine; A: aliphatic amino acid; X: any C-terminal amino acid]) responsive to 450 nm (blue) light was inserted into Chinese hamster ovary cells and endothelial cells also expressing αIIbβ3 or αVβ3, respectively. Thus, exposure of the cells to blue light caused a rapid and reversible recruitment of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2-talin to the N-terminal of cryptochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix domain ended with a CAAX box protein [C: cysteine; A: aliphatic amino acid; X: any C-terminal amino acid]-decorated plasma membrane. This resulted in β3 integrin activation in both cell types, as well as increasing migration of the endothelial cells. However, membrane recruitment of talin was not sufficient for integrin activation, as membrane-associated Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1)-GTP was also required. Moreover, talin mutations that interfered with its direct binding to Rap1 abrogated β3 integrin activation. Altogether, these results define a role for the plasma membrane recruitment of talin in β3 integrin activation, and they suggest a nuanced sequence of events thereafter involving Rap1-GTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongji Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Alexandre R Gingras
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Frederic Lagarrigue
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sanford J Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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46
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Zhu L, Plow EF, Qin J. Initiation of focal adhesion assembly by talin and kindlin: A dynamic view. Protein Sci 2020; 30:531-542. [PMID: 33336515 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are integrin-containing protein complexes regulated by a network of hundreds of protein-protein interactions. They are formed in a spatiotemporal manner upon the activation of integrin transmembrane receptors, which is crucial to trigger cell adhesion and many other cellular processes including cell migration, spreading and proliferation. Despite decades of studies, a detailed molecular level understanding on how FAs are organized and function is lacking due to their highly complex and dynamic nature. However, advances have been made on studying key integrin activators, talin and kindlin, and their associated proteins, which are major components of nascent FAs critical for initiating the assembly of mature FAs. This review will discuss the structural and functional findings of talin and kindlin and their immediate interaction network, which will shed light upon the architecture of nascent FAs and how they act as seeds for FA assembly to dynamically regulate diverse adhesion-dependent physiological and pathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Zhang P, Azizi L, Kukkurainen S, Gao T, Baikoghli M, Jacquier MC, Sun Y, Määttä JAE, Cheng RH, Wehrle-Haller B, Hytönen VP, Wu J. Crystal structure of the FERM-folded talin head reveals the determinants for integrin binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32402-32412. [PMID: 33288722 PMCID: PMC7768682 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014583117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of the intracellular adapter proteins talin and its cofactor, kindlin, to the integrin receptors induces integrin activation and clustering. These processes are essential for cell adhesion, migration, and organ development. Although the talin head, the integrin-binding segment in talin, possesses a typical FERM-domain sequence, a truncated form has been crystallized in an unexpected, elongated form. This form, however, lacks a C-terminal fragment and possesses reduced β3-integrin binding. Here, we present a crystal structure of a full-length talin head in complex with the β3-integrin tail. The structure reveals a compact FERM-like conformation and a tightly associated N-P-L-Y motif of β3-integrin. A critical C-terminal poly-lysine motif mediates FERM interdomain contacts and assures the tight association with the β3-integrin cytoplasmic segment. Removal of the poly-lysine motif or disrupting the FERM-folded configuration of the talin head significantly impairs integrin activation and clustering. Therefore, structural characterization of the FERM-folded active talin head provides fundamental understanding of the regulatory mechanism of integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfeng Zhang
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tong Gao
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Mo Baikoghli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Marie-Claude Jacquier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Yijuan Sun
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Juha A E Määttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111;
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Ou Z, Dolmatova E, Lassègue B, Griendling KK. β1- and β2-integrins: central players in regulating vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H734-H739. [PMID: 33337960 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00518.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The integrin family, an indispensable part of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, consists of a group of heterodimeric adhesion receptors formed by α- and β-integrin subunits. Their wide expression and unique bidirectional signaling pathways allow them to play roles in a variety of biological activities including blood clot formation, cell attachment, and migration. Evidence suggests that integrins are essential regulators of the initiation of acute inflammation, especially two key aspects of this process i.e., vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment. This mini-review discusses the importance of integrins at the onset of the acute inflammatory response and outlines research advances regarding the function of integrins and their modulators at different stages of this process. Insights into the fine-tuning of integrin signaling during acute inflammation may inspire the design of new drugs for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elena Dolmatova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Strauss RE, Gourdie RG. Cx43 and the Actin Cytoskeleton: Novel Roles and Implications for Cell-Cell Junction-Based Barrier Function Regulation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1656. [PMID: 33321985 PMCID: PMC7764618 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrier function is a vital homeostatic mechanism employed by epithelial and endothelial tissue. Diseases across a wide range of tissue types involve dynamic changes in transcellular junctional complexes and the actin cytoskeleton in the regulation of substance exchange across tissue compartments. In this review, we focus on the contribution of the gap junction protein, Cx43, to the biophysical and biochemical regulation of barrier function. First, we introduce the structure and canonical channel-dependent functions of Cx43. Second, we define barrier function and examine the key molecular structures fundamental to its regulation. Third, we survey the literature on the channel-dependent roles of connexins in barrier function, with an emphasis on the role of Cx43 and the actin cytoskeleton. Lastly, we discuss findings on the channel-independent roles of Cx43 in its associations with the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion structures highlighted by PI3K signaling, in the potential modulation of cellular barriers. Mounting evidence of crosstalk between connexins, the cytoskeleton, focal adhesion complexes, and junctional structures has led to a growing appreciation of how barrier-modulating mechanisms may work together to effect solute and cellular flux across tissue boundaries. This new understanding could translate into improved therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of barrier-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy E. Strauss
- Virginia Tech, Translational Biology Medicine and Health (TBMH) Program, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Robert G. Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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50
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Jo J, Abdi Nansa S, Kim DH. Molecular Regulators of Cellular Mechanoadaptation at Cell-Material Interfaces. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:608569. [PMID: 33364232 PMCID: PMC7753015 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.608569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse essential cellular behaviors are determined by extracellular physical cues that are detected by highly orchestrated subcellular interactions with the extracellular microenvironment. To maintain the reciprocity of cellular responses and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, cells utilize a variety of signaling pathways that transduce biophysical stimuli to biochemical reactions. Recent advances in the micromanipulation of individual cells have shown that cellular responses to distinct physical and chemical features of the material are fundamental determinants of cellular mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. In the process of outside-in signal transduction, transmembrane protein integrins facilitate the formation of focal adhesion protein clusters that are connected to the cytoskeletal architecture and anchor the cell to the substrate. The linkers of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton molecular complexes, collectively termed LINC, are critical signal transducers that relay biophysical signals between the extranuclear cytoplasmic region and intranuclear nucleoplasmic region. Mechanical signals that involve cytoskeletal remodeling ultimately propagate into the nuclear envelope comprising the nuclear lamina in assistance with various nuclear membrane proteins, where nuclear mechanics play a key role in the subsequent alteration of gene expression and epigenetic modification. These intracellular mechanical signaling cues adjust cellular behaviors directly associated with mechanohomeostasis. Diverse strategies to modulate cell-material interfaces, including alteration of surface rigidity, confinement of cell adhesive region, and changes in surface topology, have been proposed to identify cellular signal transduction at the cellular and subcellular levels. In this review, we will discuss how a diversity of alterations in the physical properties of materials induce distinct cellular responses such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and chromosomal organization. Furthermore, the pathological relevance of misregulated cellular mechanosensation and mechanotransduction in the progression of devastating human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and aging, will be extensively reviewed. Understanding cellular responses to various extracellular forces is expected to provide new insights into how cellular mechanoadaptation is modulated by manipulating the mechanics of extracellular matrix and the application of these materials in clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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