1
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Cera N, Pinto J, Pignatelli D. What do we know about abnormally low prolactin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome? A narrative review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09912-x. [PMID: 39425884 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Hyper and hypoprolactinemia seem to be related to the occurrence of metabolic alterations in PCOS patients. In contrast, between significantly elevated and significantly low, prolactin levels seem to be protective against metabolic consequences. In the present review, we found 4 studies investigating hypoprolactinemia in patients with PCOS. We also identified 6 additional studies that reported low levels of PRL in PCOS patients. Although its prevalence is not considered high (13.2-13.9%), its contribution is certainly significant to the metabolic alterations observed in PCOS (insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and fatty liver disease). Dopamine inhibits the secretion of prolactin and GnRH. If dopamine levels are low or the dopamine receptor is less expressed or mutated, the levels of prolactin and GnRH increase, and consequently, LH also increases. On the other hand, hyperprolactinemia, in prolactinomas-typical levels, acting through kisspeptin inhibition causes GnRH suppression and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In situations of hypoprolactinemia due to excessive dopamine agonist treatment, dosage reduction is important to minimize the decrease in prolactin levels. Nevertheless, there is a lack of prospective studies confirming these hypotheses, as well as randomized clinical trials with appropriate drugs targeting both hyperprolactin and hypoprolactin in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cera
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Unit in Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy, Cross I&D Lisbon Research Center, Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital S João and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- I3S Institute for Innovation in Health, Porto, Portugal.
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Finn BP, Dattani MT. The molecular basis of hypoprolactinaemia. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09906-9. [PMID: 39417960 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypoprolactinaemia is an endocrinopathy which is typically encountered as part of a combined pituitary hormone deficiency picture. The vast majority of genetic causes identified to date have been in the context of congenital hypopituitarism with multiple co-existent endocrinopathies. This is primarily with its closest hormonal relation, namely growth hormone. Acquired hypoprolactinaemia is generally rare in paediatric patients, and usually occurs together with other hormonal deficiencies. Congenital hypopituitarism occurs with an incidence of 1:4,000-10,000 cases and mutations in the following transcription factors account for the majority of documented genetic causes: PROP-1, POU1F1, LHX3/4 as well as documented case reports for a smaller subset of transcription factors and other molecules implicated in lactotroph development and prolactin secretion. Isolated prolactin deficiency has been described in a number of sporadic case reports in the literature, but no cases of mutations in the gene have been described to date. A range of genetic polymorphisms affecting multiple components of the prolactin signalling pathway have been identified in the literature, ranging from RNA spliceosome mutations (RNPC3) to loss of function mutations in IGSF-1. As paediatricians gain a greater understanding of the long-term ramifications of hypoprolactinaemia in terms of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired fertility, the expectation is that clinicians will measure prolactin more frequently over time. Ultimately, we will encounter further reports of hypoprolactinaemia-related clinical presentations with further genetic mutations, in turn leading to a greater insight into the molecular basis of hypoprolactinaemia in terms of signalling pathways and downstream mediators. In the interim, the greatest untapped reserve of genetic causes remains within the phenotypic spectrum of congenital hypopituitarism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Padraig Finn
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Mehul T Dattani
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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3
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Khare P, Chand J, Ptakova A, Liguori R, Ferrazzi F, Bishnoi M, Vlachova V, Zimmermann K. The TRPC5 receptor as pharmacological target for pain and metabolic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 263:108727. [PMID: 39384022 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are a group of highly homologous nonselective cation channels from the larger TRP channel family. They have the ability to form homo- and heteromers with varying degrees of calcium (Ca2+) permeability and signalling properties. TRPC5 is the one cold-sensitive among them and likewise facilitates the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into cells to modulate neuronal depolarization and integrate various intracellular signalling pathways. Recent research with cryo-electron microscopy revealed its structure, along with clear insight into downstream signalling and protein-protein interaction sites. Investigations using global and conditional deficient mice revealed the involvement of TRPC5 in metabolic diseases, energy balance, thermosensation and conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory pain including opioid-induced hyperalgesia and hyperalgesia following tooth decay and pulpitis. This review provides an update on recent advances in our understanding of the role of TRPC5 with focus on metabolic diseases and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyanshu Khare
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Jagdish Chand
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Alexandra Ptakova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renato Liguori
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fulvia Ferrazzi
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Food & Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S Nagar, Sector (Knowledge City), Punjab, India
| | - Viktorie Vlachova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katharina Zimmermann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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4
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Bröker-Lai J, Rego Terol J, Richter C, Mathar I, Wirth A, Kopf S, Moreno-Pérez A, Büttner M, Tan LL, Makke M, Poschet G, Hermann J, Tsvilovskyy V, Haberkorn U, Wartenberg P, Susperreguy S, Berlin M, Ottenheijm R, Philippaert K, Wu M, Wiedemann T, Herzig S, Belkacemi A, Levinson RT, Agarwal N, Camacho Londoño JE, Klebl B, Dinkel K, Zufall F, Nussbaumer P, Boehm U, Hell R, Nawroth P, Birnbaumer L, Leinders-Zufall T, Kuner R, Zorn M, Bruns D, Schwarz Y, Freichel M. TRPC5 controls the adrenaline-mediated counter regulation of hypoglycemia. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00231-0. [PMID: 39375537 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia triggers autonomic and endocrine counter-regulatory responses to restore glucose homeostasis, a response that is impaired in patients with diabetes and its long-term complication hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). We show that insulin-evoked hypoglycemia is severely aggravated in mice lacking the cation channel proteins TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPC6, which cannot be explained by alterations in glucagon or glucocorticoid action. By using various TRPC compound knockout mouse lines, we pinpointed the failure in sympathetic counter-regulation to the lack of the TRPC5 channel subtype in adrenal chromaffin cells, which prevents proper adrenaline rise in blood plasma. Using electrophysiological analyses, we delineate a previously unknown signaling pathway in which stimulation of PAC1 or muscarinic receptors activates TRPC5 channels in a phospholipase-C-dependent manner to induce sustained adrenaline secretion as a crucial step in the sympathetic counter response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. By comparing metabolites in the plasma, we identified reduced taurine levels after hypoglycemia induction as a commonality in TRPC5-deficient mice and HAAF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bröker-Lai
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Rego Terol
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christin Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilka Mathar
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Wirth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie, Stoffwechsel und Klinische Chemie, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ana Moreno-Pérez
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Büttner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg (COS Heidelberg), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linette Liqi Tan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mazen Makke
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg (COS Heidelberg), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Susperreguy
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA CONICET) Edificio San José, Piso 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Berlin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roger Ottenheijm
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Koenraad Philippaert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moya Wu
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wiedemann
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca T Levinson
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juan E Camacho Londoño
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bert Klebl
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg (COS Heidelberg), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie, Stoffwechsel und Klinische Chemie, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD e.V), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA CONICET) Edificio San José, Piso 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rohini Kuner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Zorn
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie, Stoffwechsel und Klinische Chemie, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Bruns
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schwarz
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Kelly MJ, Wagner EJ. Canonical transient receptor potential channels and hypothalamic control of homeostatic functions. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13392. [PMID: 38631680 PMCID: PMC11444909 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent molecular biological and electrophysiological studies have identified multiple transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in hypothalamic neurons as critical modulators of homeostatic functions. In particular, the canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are expressed in hypothalamic neurons that are vital for the control of fertility and energy homeostasis. Classical neurotransmitters such as serotonin and glutamate and peptide neurotransmitters such as kisspeptin, neurokinin B and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide signal through their cognate G protein-coupled receptors to activate TPRC 4, 5 channels, which are essentially ligand-gated calcium channels. In addition to neurotransmitters, circulating hormones like insulin and leptin signal through insulin receptor (InsR) and leptin receptor (LRb), respectively, to activate TRPC 5 channels in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and kisspeptin (arcuate Kiss1 [Kiss1ARH]) neurons to have profound physiological (excitatory) effects. Besides its overt depolarizing effects, TRPC channels conduct calcium ions into the cytoplasm, which has a plethora of downstream effects. Moreover, not only the expression of Trpc5 mRNA but also the coupling of receptors to TRPC 5 channel opening are regulated in different physiological states. In particular, the mRNA expression of Trpc5 is highly regulated in kisspeptin neurons by circulating estrogens, which ultimately dictates the firing pattern of kisspeptin neurons. In obesity states, InsRs are "uncoupled" from opening TRPC 5 channels in POMC neurons, rendering them less excitable. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the critical role of TRPC 5 channels in regulating the excitability of Kiss1ARH and POMC neurons in different physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Kelly
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward J Wagner
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, California, USA
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Kelly MJ, Qiu J. TRPC5 channels play a critical role in mediating multiple behaviors in mice and men. Cell Calcium 2024; 124:102956. [PMID: 39357316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Kelly
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97001, USA.
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Khan A, Di Dalmazi G, Najafian Zahmatkeshan K, Caturegli P. Isolated hypoprolactinemia: The rarest of the rare? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09901-0. [PMID: 39271619 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Isolated hypoprolactinemia (IHP) can be defined as the presence of consistently low serum levels of prolactin in the absence of other anterior pituitary hormone abnormalities. It is an extremely rare condition, and consequently incompletely understood and unrecognized. A recent study has reported the first cases of IHP caused by mutation in the PRL gene. There are also cases where the pathogenesis of IHP is likely secondary to an autoimmune response against the PRL-secreting cells. But most published cases are acquired and idiopathic. The best characterized function of PRL is to facilitate milk production in the puerperium. Analysis of the GTEX data repository, however, shows that PRL is the most abundantly expressed gene in the human pituitary, independently of gender and age, suggesting the presence of additional roles for PRL. Newer studies have indeed revealed a much larger spectrum of PRL functions and will likely uncover novel clinical phenotypes associated with severe PRL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Khan
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Ross building - Room 656, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giulia Di Dalmazi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "Gabriele d' Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Patrizio Caturegli
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Ross building - Room 656, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Qiu J, Voliotis M, Bosch MA, Li XF, Zweifel LS, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, O’Byrne KT, Rønnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ. Estradiol elicits distinct firing patterns in arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons of females through altering ion channel conductances. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.20.581121. [PMID: 38915596 PMCID: PMC11195100 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.20.581121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons are vital for pubertal development and reproduction. Arcuate nucleus Kiss1 (Kiss1ARH) neurons are responsible for the pulsatile release of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH). In females, the behavior of Kiss1ARH neurons, expressing Kiss1, Neurokinin B (NKB), and Dynorphin (Dyn), varies throughout the ovarian cycle. Studies indicate that 17β-estradiol (E2) reduces peptide expression but increases Vglut2 mRNA and glutamate neurotransmission in these neurons, suggesting a shift from peptidergic to glutamatergic signaling. To investigate this shift, we combined transcriptomics, electrophysiology, and mathematical modeling. Our results demonstrate that E2 treatment upregulates the mRNA expression of voltage-activated calcium channels, elevating the whole-cell calcium current and that contribute to high-frequency burst firing. Additionally, E2 treatment decreased the mRNA levels of Canonical Transient Receptor Potential (TPRC) 5 and G protein-coupled K+ (GIRK) channels. When TRPC5 channels in Kiss1ARH neurons were deleted using CRISPR, the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (sEPSP) was eliminated. Our data enabled us to formulate a biophysically realistic mathematical model of the Kiss1ARH neuron, suggesting that E2 modifies ionic conductances in Kiss1ARH neurons, enabling the transition from high frequency synchronous firing through NKB-driven activation of TRPC5 channels to a short bursting mode facilitating glutamate release. In a low E2 milieu, synchronous firing of Kiss1ARH neurons drives pulsatile release of GnRH, while the transition to burst firing with high, preovulatory levels of E2 would facilitate the GnRH surge through its glutamatergic synaptic connection to preoptic Kiss1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiu
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Margaritis Voliotis
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Stocker Rd, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Rd, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Martha A. Bosch
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiao Feng Li
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Larry S. Zweifel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Depatment of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Exeter, Stocker Rd, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Rd, Exeter, EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Kevin T. O’Byrne
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Oline K. Rønnekleiv
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Martin J. Kelly
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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9
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Li Y, Cacciottolo TM, Yin N, He Y, Liu H, Liu H, Yang Y, Henning E, Keogh JM, Lawler K, Mendes de Oliveira E, Gardner EJ, Kentistou KA, Laouris P, Bounds R, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Barroso I, Tu L, Bean JC, Yu M, Conde KM, Wang M, Ginnard O, Fang X, Tong L, Han J, Darwich T, Williams KW, Yang Y, Wang C, Joss S, Firth HV, Xu Y, Farooqi IS. Loss of transient receptor potential channel 5 causes obesity and postpartum depression. Cell 2024; 187:4176-4192.e17. [PMID: 38959890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Hypothalamic neural circuits regulate instinctive behaviors such as food seeking, the fight/flight response, socialization, and maternal care. Here, we identified microdeletions on chromosome Xq23 disrupting the brain-expressed transient receptor potential (TRP) channel 5 (TRPC5). This family of channels detects sensory stimuli and converts them into electrical signals interpretable by the brain. Male TRPC5 deletion carriers exhibited food seeking, obesity, anxiety, and autism, which were recapitulated in knockin male mice harboring a human loss-of-function TRPC5 mutation. Women carrying TRPC5 deletions had severe postpartum depression. As mothers, female knockin mice exhibited anhedonia and depression-like behavior with impaired care of offspring. Deletion of Trpc5 from oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus caused obesity in both sexes and postpartum depressive behavior in females, while Trpc5 overexpression in oxytocin neurons in knock-in mice reversed these phenotypes. We demonstrate that TRPC5 plays a pivotal role in mediating innate human behaviors fundamental to survival, including food seeking and maternal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Li
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tessa M Cacciottolo
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Na Yin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang He
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hesong Liu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hailan Liu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuxue Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Taizhou People's Hospital, Medical School of Yangzhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia M Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edson Mendes de Oliveira
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Panayiotis Laouris
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Bounds
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Longlong Tu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan C Bean
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Yu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristine M Conde
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mengjie Wang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olivia Ginnard
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lydia Tong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junying Han
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tia Darwich
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9077, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust & Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Wemmert S, Pyrski M, Pillong L, Linxweiler M, Zufall F, Leinders-Zufall T, Schick B. Widespread Distribution of Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor in Human Juvenile Angiofibroma: Implications for a Sex-Specific Nasal Tumor. Cells 2024; 13:1217. [PMID: 39056799 PMCID: PMC11274802 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Juvenile angiofibroma (JA) is a rare, sex-specific, and highly vascularized nasal tumor that almost exclusively affects male adolescents, but its etiology has been controversial. The G protein-coupled hormone receptor LHCGR [luteinizing hormone (LH)/choriogonadotropin (hCG) receptor] represents a promising new candidate for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of sex specificity, pubertal manifestation, and JA progression. We used highly sensitive RNAscope technology, together with immunohistochemistry, to investigate the cellular expression, localization, and distribution of LHCGR in tissue samples from JA patients. Our results provide evidence for LHCGR expression in subsets of cells throughout JA tissue sections, with the majority of LHCGR+ cells located in close vicinity to blood vessels, rendering them susceptible to endocrine LH/hCG signaling, but LHCGR+ cells were also detected in fibrocollagenous stroma. A majority of LHCGR+ cells located near the vascular lumen co-expressed the neural crest stem cell marker CD271. These results are intriguing as both LH and hCG are produced in a time- and sex-dependent manner, and are known to be capable of inducing cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Our results give rise to a new model that suggests endocrine mechanisms involving LHCGR and its ligands, together with autocrine and paracrine signaling, in JA vascularization and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wemmert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (S.W.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Pyrski
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Lukas Pillong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (S.W.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Maximilian Linxweiler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (S.W.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Bernhard Schick
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, 66424 Homburg, Germany; (S.W.); (L.P.); (M.L.)
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11
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Kang H, Kim J, Park CH, Jeong B, So I. Direct modulation of TRPC ion channels by Gα proteins. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1362987. [PMID: 38384797 PMCID: PMC10880550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1362987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
GPCR-Gi protein pathways are involved in the regulation of vagus muscarinic pathway under physiological conditions and are closely associated with the regulation of internal visceral organs. The muscarinic receptor-operated cationic channel is important in GPCR-Gi protein signal transduction as it decreases heart rate and increases GI rhythm frequency. In the SA node of the heart, acetylcholine binds to the M2 receptor and the released Gβγ activates GIRK (I(K,ACh)) channel, inducing a negative chronotropic action. In gastric smooth muscle, there are two muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes, M2 and M3. M2 receptor activates the muscarinic receptor-operated nonselective cationic current (mIcat, NSCC(ACh)) and induces positive chronotropic effect. Meanwhile, M3 receptor induces hydrolysis of PIP2 and releases DAG and IP3. This IP3 increases intracellular Ca2+ and then leads to contraction of GI smooth muscles. The activation of mIcat is inhibited by anti-Gi/o protein antibodies in GI smooth muscle, indicating the involvement of Gαi/o protein in the activation of mIcat. TRPC4 channel is a molecular candidate for mIcat and can be directly activated by constitutively active Gαi QL proteins. TRPC4 and TRPC5 belong to the same subfamily and both are activated by Gi/o proteins. Initial studies suggested that the binding sites for G protein exist at the rib helix or the CIRB domain of TRPC4/5 channels. However, recent cryo-EM structure showed that IYY58-60 amino acids at ARD of TRPC5 binds with Gi3 protein. Considering the expression of TRPC4/5 in the brain, the direct G protein activation on TRPC4/5 is important in terms of neurophysiology. TRPC4/5 channels are also suggested as a coincidence detector for Gi and Gq pathway as Gq pathway increases intracellular Ca2+ and the increased Ca2+ facilitates the activation of TRPC4/5 channels. More complicated situation would occur when GIRK, KCNQ2/3 (IM) and TRPC4/5 channels are co-activated by stimulation of muscarinic receptors at the acetylcholine-releasing nerve terminals. This review highlights the effects of GPCR-Gi protein pathway, including dopamine, μ-opioid, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, on various oragns, and it emphasizes the importance of considering TRPC4/5 channels as crucial players in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine Haewon Park
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Byeongseok Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Wang ZY, Tsai ZY, Chang HW, Tsai YC. Enhancing Electrochemical Non-Enzymatic Dopamine Sensing Based on Bimetallic Nickel/Cobalt Phosphide Nanosheets. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:105. [PMID: 38258224 PMCID: PMC10820133 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the successful synthesis of bimetallic nickel/cobalt phosphide nanosheets (Ni-Co-P NSs) via the hydrothermal method and the subsequent high-temperature phosphorization process were both confirmed. Ni-Co-P NSs exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical non-enzymatic DA sensing. The surface morphologies and physicochemical properties of Ni-Co-P NSs were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning (FESEM), field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further, the electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The metallic nature of phosphide and the synergistic effect of Ni/Co atoms in Ni-Co-P NSs provided abundant catalytic active sites for the electrochemical redox reaction of DA, which exhibited a remarkable consequence with a wide linear range from 0.3~50 μM, a high sensitivity of 2.033 µA µM-1 cm-2, a low limit of detection of 0.016 µM, and anti-interference ability. As a result, the proposed Ni-Co-P NSs can be considered an ideal electrode material for the electrochemical non-enzymatic DA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
| | - Zong-Ying Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
| | - Han-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
- Pesticide Analysis Center, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.W.); (Z.-Y.T.)
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13
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Song J, Choi SY. Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:371-386. [PMID: 38196133 PMCID: PMC10789173 DOI: 10.5607/en23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is part of the diencephalon and has several nuclei, one of which is the arcuate nucleus. The arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH) consists of neuroendocrine neurons and centrally-projecting neurons. The ARH is the center where the homeostasis of nutrition/metabolism and reproduction are maintained. As such, dysfunction of the ARH can lead to disorders of nutrition/metabolism and reproduction. Here, we review various types of neurons in the ARH and several genetic disorders caused by mutations in the ARH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
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14
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Vaidya B, Gupta P, Laha JK, Roy I, Sharma SS. Amelioration of Parkinson's disease by pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of redox sensitive TRPC5 channels: Focus on mitochondrial health. Life Sci 2023:121871. [PMID: 37352915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels are redox-sensitive cation-permeable channels involved in temperature and mechanical sensation. Increased expression and over-activation of these channels has been implicated in several central nervous system disorders such as epilepsy, depression, traumatic brain injury, anxiety, Huntington's disease and stroke. TRPC5 channel activation causes increased calcium influx which in turn activates numerous downstream signalling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that pharmacological blockade and knockdown of TRPC5 channels could attenuate the behavioural deficits and molecular changes seen in CNS disease models such as MPTP/MPP+ induced Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, PD was induced after bilateral intranigral infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the Sprague Dawley rats. Additionally, SH-SY5Y neurons were exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to further determine the role of TRPC5 channels in PD. KEY FINDINGS We used clemizole hydrochloride, a potent TRPC5 channel blocker, to reverse the behavioural deficits, molecular changes and biochemical parameters in MPTP/MPP+-induced-PD. Furthermore, knockdown of TRPC5 expression using siRNA also closely phenocopies these effects. We further observed restoration of tyrosine hydroxylase levels and improved mitochondrial health following clemizole treatment and TRPC5 knockdown. These changes were accompanied by diminished calcium influx, reduced levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased apoptotic signalling in the PD models. SIGNIFICANCE These findings collectively suggest that increased expression of TRPC5 channels is a potential risk factor for PD and opens a new therapeutic window for the development of pharmacological agents targeting neurodegeneration and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Vaidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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15
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Al-Karagholi MAM, Kalatharan V, Ghanizada H, Gram C, Dussor G, Ashina M. Prolactin in headache and migraine: A systematic review of clinical studies. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024221136286. [PMID: 36718026 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221136286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systemically review clinical studies investigating the role of prolactin and its receptors in headache and migraine. BACKGROUND Migraine prevalence is more common in women compared to men. As prolactin is a crucial regulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, prolactin and its receptors might contribute to signaling mechanisms underlying migraine. METHODS In this systematic review, we searched PubMed and EMBASE with the terms: prolactin, hyperprolactinemia, macroprolactinemia, hypoprolactinemia, migraine, headache, head pain and trigeminal pain pathway for clinical studies investigating prolactin signaling in headache and migraine. Two reviewers independently screened 841 articles for population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design. Studies were restricted to the English language and were excluded if they had a nonexperimental methodology. RESULTS Nineteen clinical studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. The main findings were that serum prolactin levels were found to be higher in individuals with migraine compared to healthy controls, and prolactinomas (prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas) were correlated with higher incidence of headache in otherwise healthy individuals and migraine attacks in individuals with migraine. CONCLUSION Considerable evidence suggests a key role of prolactin and its receptors in migraine pathophysiology. Further randomized and placebo-controlled clinical studies targeting prolactin signaling are needed to further clarify influences of prolactin in migraine attack initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al-Mahdi Al-Karagholi
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet- Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Veberka Kalatharan
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet- Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Hashmat Ghanizada
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet- Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Christian Gram
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet- Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet- Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.,Danish Headache Knowledge Center on Headache Disorders, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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16
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Ojha NK, Zufall F, Leinders-Zufall T. Optical Activation of Photoswitchable TRPC Ligands in the Mammalian Olfactory System Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2710:31-47. [PMID: 37688722 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3425-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels play important biological roles, but their activation mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we describe recent methodological advances using small molecular probes designed for photopharmacology of TRPC channels by focusing on results obtained from the mouse olfactory system. These studies developed and used photoswitchable diacylglycerol (DAG) analogs for ultrarapid activation of native TRPC2 channels in vomeronasal sensory neurons and type B cells of the main olfactory epithelium. Further studies investigated the role of TRPC5 channels in prolactin regulation of dopamine neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Here, the first photoswitchable TRPC5 modulator, BTDAzo, was developed and shown to control endogenous TRPC5-based neuronal Ca2+ responses in mouse brain slices. Thus, photoswitchable reagents are rapidly gaining widespread recognition for investigating various types of TRPC channels including TRPC2, TRPC3, TRPC5, and TRPC6, enabling to gain new insights into the gating mechanisms and functions of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin K Ojha
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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17
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Vaidya B, Roy I, Sharma SS. Neuroprotective Potential of HC070, a Potent TRPC5 Channel Inhibitor in Parkinson's Disease Models: A Behavioral and Mechanistic Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2728-2742. [PMID: 36094343 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5) channels are predominantly expressed in the striatum and substantia nigra of the brain. These channels are permeable to calcium ions and are activated by oxidative stress. The physiological involvement of TRPC5 channels in temperature and mechanical sensation is well documented; however, evidence for their involvement in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD) is sparse. Thus, in the present study, the role of TRPC5 channels and their associated downstream signaling was elucidated in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP/MPP+) model of PD. Bilateral intranigral administration of MPTP and 24 h MPP+ exposure were performed to induce PD in the Sprague-Dawley rats and SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. MPTP led to behavioral anomalies and TRPC5 overexpression accompanied by increased calcium influx, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was significantly lower in the midbrain and substantia nigra compared to sham animals. Intraperitoneal administration of potent and selective TRPC5 inhibitor, HC070 (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) reversed the cognitive and motor deficits seen in MPTP-lesioned rats. It also restored the TH and TRPC5 expression both in the striatum and midbrain. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies suggested improvements in mitochondrial health along with reduced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium-mediated excitotoxicity. Together, these results showed that inhibition of TRPC5 channels plays a crucial part in the reversal of pathology in the MPTP/MPP+ model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Vaidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
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18
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Müller M, Niemeyer K, Urban N, Ojha NK, Zufall F, Leinders‐Zufall T, Schaefer M, Thorn‐Seshold O. BTDAzo: A Photoswitchable TRPC5 Channel Activator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201565. [PMID: 35713469 PMCID: PMC9542918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitchable reagents can be powerful tools for high-precision biological control. TRPC5 is a Ca2+ -permeable cation channel with distinct tissue-specific roles, from synaptic function to hormone regulation. Reagents giving spatiotemporally-resolved control over TRPC5 activity may be key to understanding and harnessing its biology. Here we develop the first photoswitchable TRPC5-modulator, BTDAzo, to address this goal. BTDAzo can photocontrol TRPC5 currents in cell culture, as well as controlling endogenous TRPC5-based neuronal Ca2+ responses in mouse brain slices. BTDAzos are also the first reported azo-benzothiadiazines, an accessible and conveniently derivatised azoheteroarene with strong two-colour photoswitching. BTDAzo's ability to control TRPC5 across relevant channel biology settings makes it suitable for a range of dynamically reversible photoswitching studies in TRP channel biology, with the aim to decipher the various biological roles of this centrally important ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Department of PharmacyLMU MunichButenandtstrasse 781377MunichGermany
| | - Konstantin Niemeyer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyLeipzig UniversityHärtelstraße 16–1804107LeipzigGermany
| | - Nicole Urban
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyLeipzig UniversityHärtelstraße 16–1804107LeipzigGermany
| | - Navin K. Ojha
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular MedicineSaarland UniversityKirrbergerstraße 10066421HomburgGermany
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular MedicineSaarland UniversityKirrbergerstraße 10066421HomburgGermany
| | - Trese Leinders‐Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular MedicineSaarland UniversityKirrbergerstraße 10066421HomburgGermany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyLeipzig UniversityHärtelstraße 16–1804107LeipzigGermany
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19
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Müller M, Niemeyer K, Urban N, Ojha NK, Zufall F, Leinders-Zufall T, Schaefer M, Thorn-Seshold O. BTDAzo ‐ A Photoswitchable TRPC5 Channel Activator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müller
- Ludwig Maximillians University Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Department of Pharmacy Butenandstr. 7 81377 Munich GERMANY
| | - Konstantin Niemeyer
- Leipzig University: Universitat Leipzig Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Härtelstr. 16-18 04107 Leipzig GERMANY
| | - Nicole Urban
- Leipzig University: Universitat Leipzig Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Härtelstraße 16-18 04107 Leipzig GERMANY
| | - Navin K. Ojha
- Saarland University: Universitat des Saarlandes Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Kirrbergerstraße 100 66421 Homburg GERMANY
| | - Frank Zufall
- Saarland University: Universitat des Saarlandes Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Kirrbergerstraße 100 66421 Homburg GERMANY
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Saarland University: Universitat des Saarlandes Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Kirrbergerstraße 100 66421 Homburg GERMANY
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Leipzig University: Universitat Leipzig Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Härtelstraße 16-18 04107 Leipzig GERMANY
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Dept Pharmacy Butenandtstr 5-13 81377 Munich GERMANY
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20
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Liu Y, Lyu Y, Wang H. TRP Channels as Molecular Targets to Relieve Endocrine-Related Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:895814. [PMID: 35573736 PMCID: PMC9095829 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.895814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are polymodal channels capable of sensing environmental stimuli, which are widely expressed on the plasma membrane of cells and play an essential role in the physiological or pathological processes of cells as sensors. TRPs often form functional homo- or heterotetramers that act as cation channels to flow Na+ and Ca2+, change membrane potential and [Ca2+]i (cytosolic [Ca2+]), and change protein expression levels, channel attributes, and regulatory factors. Under normal circumstances, various TRP channels respond to intracellular and extracellular stimuli such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, chemicals, cytokines, and cell damage and depletion of Ca2+ reserves. As cation transport channels and physical and chemical stimulation receptors, TRPs play an important role in regulating secretion, interfering with cell proliferation, and affecting neural activity in these glands and their adenocarcinoma cells. Many studies have proved that TRPs are widely distributed in the pancreas, adrenal gland, and other glands. This article reviews the specific regulatory mechanisms of various TRP channels in some common glands (pancreas, salivary gland, lacrimal gland, adrenal gland, mammary gland, gallbladder, and sweat gland).
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Baradaran-Heravi A, Bauer CC, Pickles IB, Hosseini-Farahabadi S, Balgi AD, Choi K, Linley DM, Beech DJ, Roberge M, Bon RS. Nonselective TRPC channel inhibition and suppression of aminoglycoside-induced premature termination codon readthrough by the small molecule AC1903. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101546. [PMID: 34999117 PMCID: PMC8808171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations, which occur in ∼11% of patients with genetic disorders, introduce premature termination codons (PTCs) that lead to truncated proteins and promote nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Aminoglycosides such as G418 permit PTC readthrough and so may be used to address this problem. However, their effects are variable between patients, making clinical use of aminoglycosides challenging. In this study, we tested whether TRPC nonselective cation channels contribute to the variable PTC readthrough effect of aminoglycosides by controlling their cellular uptake. Indeed, a recently reported selective TRPC5 inhibitor, AC1903, consistently suppressed G418 uptake and G418-induced PTC readthrough in the DMS-114 cancer cell line and junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) patient-derived keratinocytes. Interestingly, the effect of AC1903 in DMS-114 cells was mimicked by nonselective TRPC inhibitors, but not by well-characterized inhibitors of TRPC1/4/5 (Pico145, GFB-8438) or TRPC3/6/7 (SAR7334), suggesting that AC1903 may work through additional or undefined targets. Indeed, in our experiments, AC1903 inhibited multiple TRPC channels including TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC6, TRPC4-C1, and TRPC5-C1, as well as endogenous TRPC1:C4 channels in A498 renal cancer cells, all with low micromolar IC50 values (1.8-18 μM). We also show that AC1903 inhibited TRPV4 channels, but had weak or no effects on TRPV1 and no effect on the nonselective cation channel PIEZO1. Our study reveals that AC1903 has previously unrecognized targets, which need to be considered when interpreting results from experiments with this compound. In addition, our data strengthen the hypothesis that nonselective calcium channels are involved in aminoglycoside uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Baradaran-Heravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Claudia C Bauer
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Isabelle B Pickles
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sara Hosseini-Farahabadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aruna D Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kunho Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deborah M Linley
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David J Beech
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robin S Bon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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22
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Costa-Brito AR, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA. The brain as a source and a target of prolactin in mammals. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1695-1702. [PMID: 35017416 PMCID: PMC8820687 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone associated with an extensive variety of biological functions. Among the roles of prolactin in vertebrates, some were preserved throughout evolution. This is the case of its function in the brain, where prolactin receptors, are expressed in different structures of the central nervous system. In the brain, prolactin actions are principally associated with reproduction and parental behavior, and involves the modulation of adult neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity, especially during pregnancy, thereby preparing the brain to parenthood. Prolactin is mainly produced by specialized cells in the anterior pituitary gland. However, during vertebrate evolution many other extrapituitary tissues do also produce prolactin, like the immune system, endothelial cells, reproductive structures and in several regions of the brain. This review summarizes the relevance of prolactin for brain function, the sources of prolactin in the central nervous system, as well as its local production and secretion. A highlight on the impact of prolactin in human neurological diseases is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; C4-UBI -Cloud Computing Competence Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; C4-UBI -Cloud Computing Competence Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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23
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Bon RS, Wright DJ, Beech DJ, Sukumar P. Pharmacology of TRPC Channels and Its Potential in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:427-446. [PMID: 34499525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030121-122314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins assemble to form homo- or heterotetrameric, nonselective cation channels permeable to K+, Na+, and Ca2+. TRPC channels are thought to act as complex integrators of physical and chemical environmental stimuli. Although the understanding of essential physiological roles of TRPC channels is incomplete, their implication in various pathological mechanisms and conditions of the nervous system, kidneys, and cardiovascular system in combination with the lack of major adverse effects of TRPC knockout or TRPC channel inhibition is driving the search of TRPC channel modulators as potential therapeutics. Here, we review the most promising small-molecule TRPC channel modulators, the understanding of their mode of action, and their potential in the study and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Bon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David J Wright
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David J Beech
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
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24
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Ahmed SR, Liu E, Yip A, Lin Y, Balaban E, Pompeiano M. Novel localizations of TRPC5 channels suggest novel and unexplored roles: A study in the chick embryo brain. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 82:41-63. [PMID: 34705331 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian TRPC5 channels are predominantly expressed in the brain, where they increase intracellular Ca2+ and induce depolarization. Because they augment presynaptic vesicle release, cause persistent neural activity, and show constitutive activity, TRPC5s could play a functional role in late developmental brain events. We used immunohistochemistry to examine TRPC5 in the chick embryo brain between 8 and 20 days of incubation, and provide the first detailed description of their distribution in birds and in the whole brain of any animal species. Stained areas substantially increased between E8 and E16, and staining intensity in many areas peaked at E16, a time when chick brains first show organized patterns of whole-brain metabolic activation like what is seen consistently after hatching. Areas showing cell soma staining match areas showing Trpc5 mRNA or protein in adult rodents (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellar Purkinje cells). Chick embryos show protein staining in the optic tectum, cerebellar nuclei, and several brainstem nuclei; equivalent areas in the Allen Institute mouse maps express Trpc5 mRNA. The strongest cell soma staining was found in a dorsal hypothalamic area (matching a group of parvicellular arginine vasotocin neurons and a pallial amygdalohypothalamic cell corridor) and the vagal motor complex. Purkinje cells showed strong dendritic staining at E20. Unexpectedly, we also describe neurite staining in the septum, several hypothalamic nuclei, and a paramedian raphe area; the strongest neurite staining was in the median eminence. These novel localizations suggest new unexplored TRPC5 functions, and possible roles in late embryonic brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifuddin Rifat Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elise Liu
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute du Cerveau - ICM, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alissa Yip
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Evan Balaban
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Carlo III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, Madrid, E-28911, Spain
| | - Maria Pompeiano
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Carlo III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, Madrid, E-28911, Spain
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25
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Advances in TRP channel drug discovery: from target validation to clinical studies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:41-59. [PMID: 34526696 PMCID: PMC8442523 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are multifunctional signalling molecules with many roles in sensory perception and cellular physiology. Therefore, it is not surprising that TRP channels have been implicated in numerous diseases, including hereditary disorders caused by defects in genes encoding TRP channels (TRP channelopathies). Most TRP channels are located at the cell surface, which makes them generally accessible drug targets. Early drug discovery efforts to target TRP channels focused on pain, but as our knowledge of TRP channels and their role in health and disease has grown, these efforts have expanded into new clinical indications, ranging from respiratory disorders through neurological and psychiatric diseases to diabetes and cancer. In this Review, we discuss recent findings in TRP channel structural biology that can affect both drug development and clinical indications. We also discuss the clinical promise of novel TRP channel modulators, aimed at both established and emerging targets. Last, we address the challenges that these compounds may face in clinical practice, including the need for carefully targeted approaches to minimize potential side-effects due to the multifunctional roles of TRP channels.
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26
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Leinders-Zufall T, Storch U, Mederos y Schnitzler M, Ojha NK, Koike K, Gudermann T, Zufall F. A diacylglycerol photoswitching protocol for studying TRPC channel functions in mammalian cells and tissue slices. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100527. [PMID: 34027485 PMCID: PMC8121987 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecular probes designed for photopharmacology and opto-chemogenetics are rapidly gaining widespread recognition for investigations of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. This protocol describes the use of three photoswitchable diacylglycerol analogs—PhoDAG-1, PhoDAG-3, and OptoDArG—for ultrarapid activation and deactivation of native TRPC2 channels in mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons and olfactory type B cells, as well as heterologously expressed human TRPC6 channels. Photoconversion can be achieved in mammalian tissue slices and enables all-optical stimulation and shutoff of TRPC channels. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Leinders-Zufall et al. (2018). DAG photoswitching enables ultrarapid activation and deactivation of TRPC channels Multiple photoswitchable DAG analogs are now available DAG photoconversion is sufficient for the gating of TRPC2, TRPC3, and TRPC6 Photoswitching combined with Ca2+ imaging enables all-optical stimulation and recording
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Affiliation(s)
- Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Storch
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Michael Mederos y Schnitzler
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Navin K. Ojha
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kohei Koike
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Corresponding author
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27
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Georgescu T, Ladyman SR, Brown RSE, Grattan DR. Acute effects of prolactin on hypothalamic prolactin receptor expressing neurones in the mouse. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12908. [PMID: 33034148 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its critical role in lactation, the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin also influences a broad range of other physiological processes. In particular, widespread expression of prolactin receptor (Prlr) in the brain has highlighted pleiotropic roles for prolactin in regulating neuronal function, including maternal behaviour, reproduction and energy balance. Research into the central actions of prolactin has predominately focused on effects on gene transcription via the canonical JAK2/STAT5; however, it is evident that prolactin can exert rapid actions to stimulate activity in specific populations of neurones. We aimed to investigate how widespread these rapid actions of prolactin are in regions of the brain with large populations of prolactin-sensitive neurones, and whether physiological state alters these responses. Using transgenic mice where the Cre-dependent calcium indicator, GCaMP6f, was conditionally expressed in cells expressing the long form of the Prlr, we monitored changes in levels of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]i ) in ex vivo brain slice preparations as a surrogate marker of cellular activity. Here, we surveyed hypothalamic regions implicated in the diverse physiological functions of prolactin such as the arcuate (ARC) and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus (PVN), as well as the medial preoptic area (MPOA). We observed that, in the ARC of males and in both virgin and lactating females, prolactin can exert rapid actions to stimulate neuronal activity in the majority of Prlr-expressing neurones. In the PVN and MPOA, we found a smaller subset of cells that rapidly respond to prolactin. In these brain regions, the effects we detected ranged from rapid or sustained increases in [Ca2+ ]i to inhibitory effects, indicating a heterogeneous nature of these Prlr-expressing populations. These results enhance our understanding of mechanisms by which prolactin acts on hypothalamic neurones and provide insights into how prolactin might influence neuronal circuits in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Georgescu
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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28
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Eckstein E, Pyrski M, Pinto S, Freichel M, Vennekens R, Zufall F. Cyclic regulation of Trpm4 expression in female vomeronasal neurons driven by ovarian sex hormones. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 105:103495. [PMID: 32298804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vomeronasal organ (VNO), the sensory organ of the mammalian accessory olfactory system, mediates the activation of sexually dimorphic reproductive behavioral and endocrine responses in males and females. It is unclear how sexually dimorphic and state-dependent responses are generated by vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs). Here, we report the expression of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel Trpm4, a Ca2+-activated monovalent cation channel, as a second TRP channel present in mouse VSNs, in addition to the diacylglycerol-sensitive Trpc2 channel. The expression of Trpm4 in the mouse VNO is sexually dimorphic and, in females, is tightly linked to their reproductive cycle. We show that Trpm4 protein expression is upregulated specifically during proestrus and estrus, when female mice are about to ovulate and become sexually active and receptive. The cyclic regulation of Trpm4 expression in female VSNs depends on ovarian sex hormones and is abolished by surgical removal of the ovaries (OVX). Trpm4 upregulation can be restored in OVX mice by systemic treatment with 17ß-estradiol, requires endogenous activity of aromatase enzyme, and is strongly reduced during late pregnancy. This cyclic regulation of Trpm4 offers a neural mechanism by which female mice could regulate the relative strength of sensory signals in their VSNs, depending on hormonal state. Trpm4 is likely to participate in sex-specific, estrous cycle-dependent and sex hormone-regulated functions of the VNO, and may serve as a previously unknown genetic substrate for dissecting mammalian sexually dimorphic cellular and behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Eckstein
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Pyrski
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pinto
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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Adaptive Resetting of Tuberoinfundibular Dopamine (TIDA) Network Activity during Lactation in Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3203-3216. [PMID: 32209609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1553-18.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Giving birth triggers a wide repertoire of physiological and behavioral changes in the mother to enable her to feed and care for her offspring. These changes require coordination and are often orchestrated from the CNS, through as of yet poorly understood mechanisms. A neuronal population with a central role in puerperal changes is the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons that control release of the pituitary hormone, prolactin, which triggers key maternal adaptations, including lactation and maternal care. Here, we used Ca2+ imaging on mice from both sexes and whole-cell recordings on female mouse TIDA neurons in vitro to examine whether they adapt their cellular and network activity according to reproductive state. In the high-prolactin state of lactation, TIDA neurons shift to faster membrane potential oscillations, a reconfiguration that reverses upon weaning. During the estrous cycle, however, which includes a brief, but pronounced, prolactin peak, oscillation frequency remains stable. An increase in the hyperpolarization-activated mixed cation current, Ih, possibly through unmasking as dopamine release drops during nursing, may partially explain the reconfiguration of TIDA rhythms. These findings identify a reversible plasticity in hypothalamic network activity that can serve to adapt the dam for motherhood.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Motherhood requires profound behavioral and physiological adaptations to enable caring for offspring, but the underlying CNS changes are poorly understood. Here, we show that, during lactation, neuroendocrine dopamine neurons, the "TIDA" cells that control prolactin secretion, reorganize their trademark oscillations to discharge in faster frequencies. Unlike previous studies, which typically have focused on structural and transcriptional changes during pregnancy and lactation, we demonstrate a functional switch in activity and one that, distinct from previously described puerperal modifications, reverses fully on weaning. We further provide evidence that a specific conductance (Ih) contributes to the altered network rhythm. These findings identify a new facet of maternal brain plasticity at the level of membrane properties and consequent ensemble activity.
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