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Campos JC, Alírio J, Arenas-Castro S, Duarte L, Garcia N, Regos A, Pôças I, Teodoro AC, Sillero N. Dynamic shifts of functional diversity through climate-resilient strategies and farmland restoration in a mountain protected area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121622. [PMID: 38972185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Land-use land-cover (LULC) change contributes to major ecological impacts, particularly in areas undergoing land abandonment, inducing modifications on habitat structure and species distributions. Alternative land-use policies are potential solutions to alleviate the negative impacts of contemporary tendencies of LULC change on biodiversity. This work analyzes these tendencies in the Montesinho Natural Park (Portugal), an area representative of European abandoned mountain rural areas. We built ecological niche models for 226 species of vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) and vascular plants, using a consensus modelling approach available in the R package 'biomod2'. We projected the models to contemporary (2018) and future (2050) LULC scenarios, under four scenarios aiming to secure relevant ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation for 2050: an afforestation and a rewilding scenario, focused on climate-smart management strategies, and a farmland and an agroforestry recovery scenario, based on re-establishing human traditional activities. We quantified the influences of these scenarios on biodiversity through species habitat suitability changes for 2018-2050. We analyzed how these management strategies could influence indices of functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness and functional dispersion) within the park. Habitat suitability changes revealed complementary patterns among scenarios. Afforestation and rewilding scenarios benefited more species adapted to habitats with low human influence, such as forests and open woodlands. The highest functional richness and dispersion was predicted for rewilding scenarios, which could improve landscape restoration and provide opportunities for the expansion and recolonization of forest areas by native species. The recovery of traditional farming and agroforestry activities results in the lowest values of functional richness, but these strategies contribute to complex landscape matrices with diversified habitats and resources. Moreover, this strategy could offer opportunities for fire suppression and increase landscape fire resistance. An integrative approach reconciling rewilding initiatives with the recovery of extensive agricultural and agroforestry activities is potentially an harmonious strategy for supporting the provision of ecosystem services while securing biodiversity conservation and functional diversity within the natural park.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Campos
- CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - João Alírio
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Land Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the FCUP, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salvador Arenas-Castro
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba. Campus de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Lia Duarte
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Land Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the FCUP, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Garcia
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1111, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Adrián Regos
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centre Tecnològic i Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC). Ctra. St. Llorenç de Morunys km 2. 25280, Solsona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Pôças
- CoLAB ForestWISE - Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Quinta de Prados, Campus da UTAD, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Teodoro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Land Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the FCUP, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Neftalí Sillero
- CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
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Martins CSC, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Jayaramaiah RH, Tao D, Wang JT, Sáez-Sandino T, Liu H, Maestre FT, Reich PB, Singh BK. Aboveground and belowground biodiversity have complementary effects on ecosystem functions across global grasslands. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002736. [PMID: 39141639 PMCID: PMC11324184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Grasslands are integral to maintaining biodiversity and key ecosystem services and are under threat from climate change. Plant and soil microbial diversity, and their interactions, support the provision of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, it remains virtually unknown whether plant and soil microbial diversity explain a unique portion of total variation or shared contributions to supporting multifunctionality across global grasslands. Here, we combine results from a global survey of 101 grasslands with a novel microcosm study, controlling for both plant and soil microbial diversity to identify their individual and interactive contribution to support multifunctionality under aridity and experimental drought. We found that plant and soil microbial diversity independently predict a unique portion of total variation in above- and belowground functioning, suggesting that both types of biodiversity complement each other. Interactions between plant and soil microbial diversity positively impacted multifunctionality including primary production and nutrient storage. Our findings were also climate context dependent, since soil fungal diversity was positively associated with multifunctionality in less arid regions, while plant diversity was strongly and positively linked to multifunctionality in more arid regions. Our results highlight the need to conserve both above- and belowground diversity to sustain grassland multifunctionality in a drier world and indicate climate change may shift the relative contribution of plant and soil biodiversity to multifunctionality across global grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Dongxue Tao
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Tadeo Sáez-Sandino
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Fernando T. Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramón Margalef”, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Cui Y, Carmona CP, Wang Z. Identifying global conservation priorities for terrestrial vertebrates based on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14205. [PMID: 37855155 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity calls for an expansion of the current protected areas (PAs) to cover at least 30% of global land and water areas by 2030 (i.e., the 30×30 target). Efficient spatial planning for PA expansion is an urgent need for global conservation practice. A spatial prioritization framework considering multiple dimensions of biodiversity is critical for improving the efficiency of the spatial planning of PAs, yet it remains a challenge. We developed an index for the identification of priority areas based on functionally rare, evolutionarily distinct, and globally endangered species (FREDGE) and applied it to 21,536 terrestrial vertebrates. We determined species distributions, conservation status (global endangerment), molecular phylogenies (evolutionary distinctiveness), and life-history traits (functional rarity). Madagascar, Central America, and the Andes were of high priority for the conservation of multiple dimensions of terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity. However, 68.8% of grid cells in these priority areas had <17% of their area covered by PAs, and these priority areas were under intense anthropogenic and climate change threats. These results highlight the difficulties of conserving multiple dimensions of biodiversity. Our global analyses of the geographical patterns of multiple dimensions of terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity demonstrate the insufficiency of the conservation of different biodiversity dimensions, and our index, based on multiple dimensions of biodiversity, provides a useful tool for guiding future spatial prioritization of PA expansion to achieve the 30×30 target under serious pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Xing W, Hu N, Li Z, Feng L, Zhang W, Du Preez G, Zhang H, Li D, Lu S, Chang SX, Zhang Q, Lou Y. Soil enzyme profile analysis for indicating decomposer micro-food web. IMETA 2024; 3:e161. [PMID: 38868509 PMCID: PMC10989158 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Highly diverse exoenzymes mediate the energy flow from substrates to the multitrophic microbiota within the soil decomposer micro-food web. Here, we used a "soil enzyme profile analysis" approach to establish a series of enzyme profile indices; those indices were hypothesized to reflect micro-food web features. We systematically evaluated the shifts in enzyme profile indices in relation to the micro-food web features in the restoration of an abandoned cropland to a natural area. We found that enzymatic C:N stoichiometry and decomposability index were significantly associated with substrate availability. Furthermore, the higher Shannon diversity index in the exoenzyme profile, especially for the C-degrading hydrolase, corresponded to a greater microbiota community diversity. The increased complexity and stability of the exoenzyme network reflected similar changes with the micro-food web networks. In addition, the gross activity of the enzyme profile as a parameter for soil multifunctionality, effectively predicted the substrate content, microbiota community size, diversity, and network complexity. Ultimately, the proposed enzymic channel index was closely associated with the traditional decomposition channel indices derived from microorganisms and nematodes. Our results showed that soil enzyme profile analysis reflected very well the decomposer food web features. Our study has important implications for projecting future climate change or anthropogenic disturbance impacts on soil decomposer micro-food web features by using soil enzyme profile analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological EngineeringHezhou UniversityHezhouChina
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ning Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological EngineeringHezhou UniversityHezhouChina
| | - Zhongfang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Health Care Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Biological EngineeringHezhou UniversityHezhouChina
| | | | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyangChina
| | - Gerhard Du Preez
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dongchu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Scott X. Chang
- Department of Renewable ResourcesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yilai Lou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Piñeiro J, Dang C, Walkup JGV, Kuzniar T, Winslett R, Blazewicz SJ, Freedman ZB, Brzostek E, Morrissey EM. Shifts in bacterial traits under chronic nitrogen deposition align with soil processes in arbuscular, but not ectomycorrhizal-associated trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17030. [PMID: 38010627 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition increases soil carbon (C) storage by reducing microbial activity. These effects vary in soil beneath trees that associate with arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Variation in carbon C and N uptake traits among microbes may explain differences in soil nutrient cycling between mycorrhizal associations in response to high N loads, a mechanism not previously examined due to methodological limitations. Here, we used quantitative Stable Isotope Probing (qSIP) to measure bacterial C and N assimilation rates from an added organic compound, which we conceptualize as functional traits. As such, we applied a trait-based approach to explore whether variation in assimilation rates of bacterial taxa can inform shifts in soil function under chronic N deposition. We show taxon-specific and community-wide declines of bacterial C and N uptake under chronic N deposition in both AM and ECM soils. N deposition-induced reductions in microbial activity were mirrored by declines in soil organic matter mineralization rates in AM but not ECM soils. Our findings suggest C and N uptake traits of bacterial communities can predict C cycling feedbacks to N deposition in AM soils, but additional data, for instance on the traits of fungi, may be needed to connect microbial traits with soil C and N cycling in ECM systems. Our study also highlights the potential of employing qSIP in conjunction with trait-based analytical approaches to inform how ecological processes of microbial communities influence soil functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Piñeiro
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- School of Forest Engineering and Natural Resources, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chansotheary Dang
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jeth G V Walkup
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Teagan Kuzniar
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Winslett
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Zachary B Freedman
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Edward Brzostek
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ember M Morrissey
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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de Tomás Marín S, Galán Díaz J, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Prieto I, de la Riva EG. Linking functional composition moments of the sub-Mediterranean ecotone with environmental drivers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303022. [PMID: 38143583 PMCID: PMC10748396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Functional trait-based approaches are extensively applied to the study of mechanisms governing community assembly along environmental gradients. These approaches have been classically based on studying differences in mean values among species, but there is increasing recognition that alternative metrics of trait distributions should be considered to decipher the mechanisms determining community assembly and species coexistence. Under this framework, the main aim of this study is to unravel the effects of environmental conditions as drivers of plant community assembly in sub-Mediterranean ecotones. Methods We set 60 plots in six plant communities of a sub-Mediterranean forest in Central Spain, and measured key above- and belowground functional traits in 411 individuals belonging to 19 species, along with abiotic variables. We calculated community-weighted mean (CWM), skewness (CWS) and kurtosis (CWK) of three plant dimensions, and used maximum likelihood techniques to analyze how variation in these functional community traits was driven by abiotic factors. Additionally, we estimated the relative contribution of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover to variation in CWM. Results and discussion The first three axes of variation of the principal component analyses were related to three main plant ecological dimensions: Leaf Economics Spectrum, Root Economics Spectrum and plant hydraulic architecture, respectively. Type of community was the most important factor determining differences in the functional structure among communities, as compared to the role of abiotic variables. We found strong differences among communities in their CWMs in line with their biogeographic origin (Eurosiberian vs Mediterranean), while differences in CWS and CWK indicate different trends in the functional structure among communities and the coexistence of different functional strategies, respectively. Moreover, changes in functional composition were primarily due to intraspecific variability. Conclusion We observed a high number of strategies in the forest with the different communities spreading along the acquisitive-conservative axis of resource-use, partly matching their Eurosiberian-Mediterranean nature, respectively. Intraspecific trait variability, rather than species turnover, stood as the most relevant factor when analyzing functional changes and assembly patterns among communities. Altogether, our data support the notion that ecotones are ecosystems where relatively minor environmental shifts may result in changes in plant and functional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio de Tomás Marín
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Javier Galán Díaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Functioning of Forest Systems in a Changing Environment Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto
- Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Enrique G. de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
- Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Tosini L, Cartereau M, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Laffont-Schwob I, Prudent P, Farnet Da Silva AM, Montès N, Labrousse Y, Vassalo L, Folzer H. Plant biodiversity offsets negative effects of metals and metalloids soil multi-contamination on ecosystem multifunctionality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165567. [PMID: 37459987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing metals and metalloids (MM) human-driven soil contamination, how it simultaneously alters biodiversity and ecosystem functioning remains unknown. We used a wide gradient of a 170-year-old MM soil multi-contamination in Mediterranean scrublands to assess the effects of soil multi-contamination on multiple plant biodiversity facets, microbial communities and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). We found an overall positive effect of plant biodiversity on EMF mediated by microbial communities, and allowing offsetting the negative impacts of MM soil multi-contamination, especially on soil water holding capacity and nitrogen content. The diversity of distant plant lineages was the key facet promoting EMF by enhancing microbial communities, whereas the subordinate species richness altered EMF. By developing a holistic approach of these complex relationships between soil multi-contamination, plant biodiversity, microbial communities and ecosystem functioning, our results reveal the potential of plant biodiversity, and especially the diversity of evolutionary distant species, to offset the alteration of ecosystem functioning by MM soil multi-contamination. In this worldwide decade of ecosystems restoration, our study helps to identify relevant facets of plant biodiversity promoting contaminated ecosystem functioning, which is crucial to guide and optimize management efforts aiming to restore ecosystems and preserve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorène Tosini
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, LPED, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
| | - Manuel Cartereau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hélène Folzer
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.
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Carmona CP. Harnessing traits for ecology: a counter perspective. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1012-1013. [PMID: 37474447 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia.
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Liu C, Sack L, Li Y, Zhang J, Yu K, Zhang Q, He N, Yu G. Relationships of stomatal morphology to the environment across plant communities. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6629. [PMID: 37857672 PMCID: PMC10587080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between stomatal traits and environmental drivers across plant communities has important implications for ecosystem carbon and water fluxes, but it has remained unclear. Here, we measure the stomatal morphology of 4492 species-site combinations in 340 vegetation plots across China and calculate their community-weighted values for mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. We demonstrate a trade-off between stomatal density and size at the community level. The community-weighted mean and variance of stomatal density are mainly associated with precipitation, while that of stomatal size is mainly associated with temperature, and the skewness and kurtosis of stomatal traits are less related to climatic and soil variables. Beyond mean climate variables, stomatal trait moments also vary with climatic seasonality and extreme conditions. Our findings extend the knowledge of stomatal trait-environment relationships to the ecosystem scale, with applications in predicting future water and carbon cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, 100081, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, China.
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 165200, Daxing'anling, China.
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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10
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Chen J, Liu Z, Cui H, Song H, Wang J, Gao H, Chen S, Liu K, Yang Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Yang X, Meng L, An L, Xiao S, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y. Direct and indirect effects of dominant plants on ecosystem multifunctionality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1117903. [PMID: 36938009 PMCID: PMC10017997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1117903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is essential for the provision of multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously (ecosystem multifunctionality EMF). Yet, it remains unclear whether and how dominant plant species impact EMF. Here, we aimed at disentangling the direct from indirect above- and belowground pathways by which dominant plant species influence EMF. We evaluated the effects of two dominant plant species (Dasiphora fruticosa, and the toxic perennial plant Ligularia virgaurea) with expected positive and negative impacts on the abiotic environment (soil water content and pH), surrounding biological communities (plant and nematode richness, biomass, and abundance in the vicinity), and on the EMF of alpine meadows, respectively. We found that the two dominant plants enhanced EMF, with a positive effect of L. virgaurea on EMF greater than that of D. fruticosa. We also observed that dominant plants impacted on EMF through changes in soil water content and pH (indirect abiotic effects), but not through changes in biodiversity of surrounding plants and nematodes (indirect biotic pathway). Our study suggests that dominant plants may play an important role in promoting EMF, thus expanding the pervasive mass-ratio hypothesis originally framed for individual functions, and could mitigate the negative impacts of vegetation changes on EMF in the alpine meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hanwen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxian Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haining Gao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, Gansu, China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangtai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lihua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Avignon Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Écologie marine et continentale, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence, France
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11
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Chacón-Labella J, Hinojo-Hinojo C, Bohner T, Castorena M, Violle C, Vandvik V, Enquist BJ. How to improve scaling from traits to ecosystem processes. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:228-237. [PMID: 36435672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Scaling approaches in ecology assume that traits are the main attributes by which organisms influence ecosystem functioning. However, several recent empirical papers have found only weak links between traits and ecosystem functioning, questioning the usefulness of trait-based ecology (TBE). We argue that these studies often suffer from one or more widespread misconceptions. Specifically, these studies often (i) conflict with the conceptual foundations of TBE, (ii) lack theory- or hypothesis-driven selection and use of traits, (iii) tend to ignore intraspecific variation, and (iv) use experimental or study designs that are not well suited to make strong tests of TBE assumptions. Addressing these aspects could significantly improve our ability to scale from traits to ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chacón-Labella
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Biology (Botany), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cesar Hinojo-Hinojo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; School of Geography and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Teresa Bohner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matiss Castorena
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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12
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Moyes F, Trindade-Santos I, Magurran AE. Temporal change in functional rarity in marine fish assemblages. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222273. [PMID: 36809807 PMCID: PMC9943642 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has uncovered rapid compositional and structural reorganization of ecological assemblages, with these changes particularly evident in marine ecosystems. However, the extent to which these ongoing changes in taxonomic diversity are a proxy for change in functional diversity is not well understood. Here we focus on trends in rarity to ask how taxonomic rarity and functional rarity covary over time. Our analysis, drawing on 30 years of scientific trawl data, reveals that the direction of temporal shifts in taxonomic rarity in two Scottish marine ecosystems is consistent with a null model of change in assemblage size (i.e. change in numbers of species and/or individuals). In both cases, however, functional rarity increases, as assemblages become larger, rather than showing the expected decrease. These results underline the importance of measuring both taxonomic and functional dimensions of diversity when assessing and interpreting biodiversity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Isaac Trindade-Santos
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.,Marine Macroevolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigamigun, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
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13
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Colares LF, de Assis Montag LF, Dunck B. Habitat loss predicts the functional extinction of fish from Amazonian streams during the Anthropocene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156210. [PMID: 35618116 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of extinction risk has typically focused on individual species, although a shift to a focus on ecosystem functioning would appear to be an urgent priority for conservation planning, especially considering that a sixth mass extinction event has already begun. In the present study, we investigated how fish extinction driven by habitat loss may modify the functioning of freshwater Amazonian ecosystems. We sampled the fish and environmental conditions of 63 streams in the eastern Amazon and simulated extinction based on the vulnerability of the species to habitat loss, which is the principal threat to tropical biodiversity. The simulated extinction of vulnerable species led to a decrease in both the mean body size of the community and functional rarity and culminated in abrupt losses of ecosystem functions after 5% and 10% of extinction at local and regional scales. Our functional approach demonstrated the progressive loss of ecological functions in Amazon streams, which may collapse altogether following the extinction of functions related to protection against biological invasions, and associated alterations in nutrient cycling and water quality. We provide robust predictions on the modification of the ecosystem following the extinction of fish species, which is a major step toward the development of effective conservation measures that ensure the avoidance of the predicted processes, and help to prevent the loss of biodiversity and the potentially irreversible modifications to ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ferreira Colares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Produtores, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA 66077-530, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA 66077-530, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Dunck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Produtores, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Instituto Socioambiental e dos Recursos Hídricos, Avenida Perimetral, 660778-30 Belém, PA, Brazil
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14
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Guo C, Yan ER, Cornelissen JHC. Size matters for linking traits to ecosystem multifunctionality. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:803-813. [PMID: 35810137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A priority research field addresses how to optimize diverse ecosystem services to people, including biodiversity support, regulatory, utilitarian and cultural services. This field may benefit from linking ecosystem services to the sizes of different body parts of organisms, with functional traits as the go-between. Using woody ecosystems to explore such linkages, we hypothesize that across stem diameter classes from trunk via branches to twigs, key wood and bark functional traits (especially those defining size-shape and resource economics spectra) vary both within individual trees and shrubs and across woody species, thereby together boosting ecosystem multifunctionality. While we focus on woody plants aboveground, we discuss promising extensions to belowground organs of trees and shrubs and analogs with other organisms, for example, vertebrate animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Putuo Island Ecosystem Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - En-Rong Yan
- Putuo Island Ecosystem Research Station, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, and Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - J Hans C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, A-Life, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU University), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Baril X, Durand AA, Srei N, Lamothe S, Provost C, Martineau C, Dunfield K, Constant P. The biological sink of atmospheric H 2 is more sensitive to spatial variation of microbial diversity than N 2O and CO 2 emissions in a winter cover crop field trial. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153420. [PMID: 35092770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The integration of winter cover crop (WCC) in culture rotations promotes multiple ecosystem services, but concomitant microbial diversity and functioning responses in soil have received less attention. A field trial was established to test the hypothesis that enhanced crop diversity with the integration of WCC in a conventional maize-soy rotation promotes microbial diversity and the biological sink of H2 in soil, while reducing N2O emissions to the atmosphere. Vicia villosa (hairy vetch), Avena sativa (oat), and Raphanus sativus (Daikon radish) were cultivated alone or in combinations and flux measurements were performed throughout two subsequent growing seasons. Soil acted as a net sink for H2 and as a net source for CO2 and N2O. CO2 flux was the most sensitive to WCC whereas a significant spatial variation was observed for H2 flux with soil uptake rates observed in the most productive area two-fold greater than the baseline level. Sequencing and quantification of taxonomic and functional genes were integrated to explain variation in trace gas fluxes with compositional changes in soil microbial communities. Fungal communities were the most sensitive to WCC, but neither community abundance nor beta diversity were found to be indicative of fluxes. The alpha diversity of taxonomic and functional genes, expressed as the number of effective species, was integrated into composite variables extracted from multivariate analyses. Only the composite variable computed with the inverse Simpson's index displayed a reproducible pattern throughout both growing seasons, with functional genes and bacterial 16S rRNA gene defining the two most contrasting gradients. The composite variable was decoupled from WCC treatment and explained 19-20% spatial variation of H2 fluxes. The coupling of composite alpha diversity metrics derived from multiple genes with soil processes warrants further investigations to implement novel indicators of soil health in response to changing management practices at the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Baril
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Audrey-Anne Durand
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Narin Srei
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Steve Lamothe
- Centre de recherche agroalimentaire de Mirabel, 9850, rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, Québec J7N 2X8, Canada
| | - Caroline Provost
- Centre de recherche agroalimentaire de Mirabel, 9850, rue de Belle-Rivière, Mirabel, Québec J7N 2X8, Canada
| | - Christine Martineau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Sainte-Foy, Québec G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Kari Dunfield
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Philippe Constant
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
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16
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Delalandre L, Gaüzère P, Thuiller W, Cadotte M, Mouquet N, Mouillot D, Munoz F, Denelle P, Loiseau N, Morin X, Violle C. Functionally distinct tree species support long-term productivity in extreme environments. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211694. [PMID: 35042423 PMCID: PMC8767214 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence of a positive effect of functional diversity on ecosystem productivity, the importance of functionally distinct species (i.e. species that display an original combination of traits) is poorly understood. To investigate how distinct species affect ecosystem productivity, we used a forest-gap model to simulate realistic temperate forest successions along an environmental gradient and measured ecosystem productivity at the end of the successional trajectories. We performed 10 560 simulations with different sets and numbers of species, bearing either distinct or indistinct functional traits, and compared them to random assemblages, to mimic the consequences of a regional loss of species. Long-term ecosystem productivity dropped when distinct species were lost first from the regional pool of species, under the harshest environmental conditions. On the contrary, productivity was more dependent on ordinary species in milder environments. Our findings show that species functional distinctiveness, integrating multiple trait dimensions, can capture species-specific effects on ecosystem productivity. In a context of an environmentally changing world, they highlight the need to investigate the role of distinct species in sustaining ecosystem processes, particularly in extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Delalandre
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Gaüzère
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Marc Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
- FRB—CESAB, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - François Munoz
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LiPhy, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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17
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Pierson K. Using geometry to rank evenness measures: Towards a deeper understanding of divergence. J Theor Biol 2021; 531:110902. [PMID: 34534570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While recent work has established divergence as a key framework for understanding evenness, there is currently no research exploring how the families of measures within the divergence-based framework relate to each other. This paper uses geometry to show that, holding order and richness constant, the families of divergence-based evenness measures nest. This property allows them to be ranked based on their reactivity to changes in relatively even assemblages or changes in relatively uneven ones. We establish this ranking and explore how the distance-based measures relate to it for both order q = 2 and q = 1. We also derive a new family of distance-based measures that captures the angular distance between the vector of relative abundances and a perfectly even vector and is highly reactive to changes in even assemblages. Finally, we show that if we only require evenness to be a divergence, then any smooth, monotonically increasing function of diversity can be made into an evenness measure. A deeper understanding of how to measure evenness will require empirical or theoretical research that uncovers which kind of divergence best reflects the underlying concept.
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18
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Huang C, Xu Y, Zang R. Variation Patterns of Functional Trait Moments Along Geographical Gradients and Their Environmental Determinants in the Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaved Forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:686965. [PMID: 34322143 PMCID: PMC8311185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.686965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how environmental change alters the composition of plant assemblages is a major challenge in the face of global climate change. Researches accounting for site-specific trait values within forest communities help bridge plant economics theory and functional biogeography to better evaluate and predict relationships between environment and ecosystem functioning. Here, by measuring six functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration, leaf nitrogen/phosphorus, wood density) for 292 woody plant species (48,680 individuals) from 250 established permanent forest dynamics plots in five locations across the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests (SEBLF) in China, we quantified functional compositions of communities by calculating four trait moments, i.e., community-weighted mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. The geographical (latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational) patterns of functional trait moments and their environmental drivers were examined. Results showed that functional trait moments shifted significantly along the geographical gradients, and trait moments varied in different ways across different gradients. Plants generally showed coordinated trait shifts toward more conservative growth strategies (lower specific leaf area, leaf N and P concentration while higher leaf nitrogen/phosphorus and wood density) along increasing latitude and longitude. However, trends opposite to the latitudinal and longitudinal patterns appeared in trait mean values along elevation. The three sets of environmental variables (climate, soil and topography) explained 35.0-69.0%, 21.0-56.0%, 14.0-31.0%, and 16.0-30.0% of the variations in mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis across the six functional traits, respectively. Patterns of shifts in functional trait moments along geographical gradients in the subtropical region were mainly determined by the joint effects of climatic and edaphic conditions. Climate regimes, especially climate variability, were the strongest driving force, followed by soil nutrients, while topography played the least role. Moreover, the relationship of variance, skewness and kurtosis with climate and their geographical patterns suggested that rare phenotypes at edges of trait space were selected in harsher environments. Our study suggested that environmental filtering (especially climate variability) was the dominant process of functional assembly for forest communities in the subtropical region along geographical gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caishuang Huang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Monge‐González ML, Guerrero‐Ramírez N, Krömer T, Kreft H, Craven D. Functional diversity and redundancy of tropical forests shift with elevation and forest‐use intensity. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thorsten Krömer
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Mexico
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Dylan Craven
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
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20
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Gross N, Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Liancourt P, Saiz H, Violle C, Munoz F. Unveiling ecological assembly rules from commonalities in trait distributions. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1668-1680. [PMID: 34128304 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the effect of neutral and deterministic processes on community assembly is critical to understand and predict diversity patterns. The information held in community trait distributions is commonly assumed as a signature of these processes, but empirical and modelling attempts have most often failed to untangle their confounding, sometimes opposing, impacts. Here, we simulated the assembly of trait distributions through stochastic (dispersal limitation) and/or deterministic scenarios (environmental filtering and niche differentiation). We characterized the shape of trait distributions using the skewness-kurtosis relationship. We identified commonalities in the co-variation between the skewness and the kurtosis of trait distributions with a unique signature for each simulated assembly scenario. Our findings were robust to variation in the composition of regional species pools, dispersal limitation and environmental conditions. While ecological communities can exhibit a high degree of idiosyncrasy, identification of commonalities across multiple communities can help to unveil ecological assembly rules in real-world ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Pierre Liancourt
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hugo Saiz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier - CNRS - EPHE - IRD - Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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21
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Mouillot D, Loiseau N, Grenié M, Algar AC, Allegra M, Cadotte MW, Casajus N, Denelle P, Guéguen M, Maire A, Maitner B, McGill BJ, McLean M, Mouquet N, Munoz F, Thuiller W, Villéger S, Violle C, Auber A. The dimensionality and structure of species trait spaces. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1988-2009. [PMID: 34015168 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Trait-based ecology aims to understand the processes that generate the overarching diversity of organismal traits and their influence on ecosystem functioning. Achieving this goal requires simplifying this complexity in synthetic axes defining a trait space and to cluster species based on their traits while identifying those with unique combinations of traits. However, so far, we know little about the dimensionality, the robustness to trait omission and the structure of these trait spaces. Here, we propose a unified framework and a synthesis across 30 trait datasets representing a broad variety of taxa, ecosystems and spatial scales to show that a common trade-off between trait space quality and operationality appears between three and six dimensions. The robustness to trait omission is generally low but highly variable among datasets. We also highlight invariant scaling relationships, whatever organismal complexity, between the number of clusters, the number of species in the dominant cluster and the number of unique species with total species richness. When species richness increases, the number of unique species saturates, whereas species tend to disproportionately pack in the richest cluster. Based on these results, we propose some rules of thumb to build species trait spaces and estimate subsequent functional diversity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mouillot
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthias Grenié
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive-UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, University of Paul Valéry, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Adam C Algar
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Michele Allegra
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7289, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maya Guéguen
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Anthony Maire
- EDF R&D, LNHE (Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement), Chatou, France
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, USA
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Matthew McLean
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France.,FRB-CESAB, Institut Bouisson Bertrand, Montpellier, France
| | - François Munoz
- LiPhy (Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive-UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, University of Paul Valéry, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Auber
- IFREMER, Unité Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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22
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Dacal M, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Barquero J, Berhe AA, Gallardo A, Maestre FT, García-Palacios P. Temperature Increases Soil Respiration Across Ecosystem Types and Soil Development, But Soil Properties Determine the Magnitude of This Effect. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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