1
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Li X, Li M, Liu Y, Jie Y, Li W, Chen Y, Huang F, Zhang Y, Sohail TM, Wang S, Zhu X, Cheng T, Gu MD, Jiao S, Cao R. Fast Interfacial Defluorination Kinetics Enables Stable Cycling of Low-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17023-17031. [PMID: 38753972 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of low-temperature lithium metal batteries (LMBs) encounters significant challenges because of severe dendritic lithium growth during the charging/discharging processes. To date, the precise origin of lithium dendrite formation still remains elusive due to the intricate interplay between the highly reactive lithium metal anode and organic electrolytes. Herein, we unveil the critical role of interfacial defluorination kinetics of localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) in regulating lithium dendrite formation, thereby determining the performance of low-temperature LMBs. We investigate the impact of solvation structures of LHCEs on low-temperature LMBs by employing tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) as comparative solvents. The combination of comprehensive characterizations and theoretical simulations reveals that the THF-based LHCE featured with a strong solvation strength exhibits fast interfacial defluorination reaction kinetics, thus leading to the formation of an amorphous and inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) that can effectively suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the highly reversible Li metal anode achieves an exceptional Coulombic efficiency (CE) of up to ∼99.63% at a low temperature of -30 °C, thereby enabling stable cycling of low-temperature LMB full cells. These findings underscore the crucial role of electrolyte interfacial reaction kinetics in shaping SEI formation and provide valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of electrolyte chemistry in LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Menghao Li
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315000, PR China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yulin Jie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Wanxia Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yawei Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Fanyang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tahir Muhammad Sohail
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Shiyang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xingbao Zhu
- Gotion High-tech Co., Ltd., Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - M Danny Gu
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315000, PR China
| | - Shuhong Jiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Ruiguo Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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2
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Wang Z, Che X, Wang D, Wang Y, He X, Zhu Y, Zhang B. Non-Fluorinated Ethers to Mitigate Electrode Surface Reactivity in High-Voltage NCM811-Li Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404109. [PMID: 38624089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) with nickel (Ni)-rich layered oxide cathodes exhibit twice the energy density of conventional Li-ion batteries. However, their lifespan is limited by severe side reactions caused by high electrode reactivity. Fluorinated solvent-based electrolytes can address this challenge, but they pose environmental and biological hazards. This work reports on the molecular engineering of fluorine (F)-free ethers to mitigate electrode surface reactivity in high-voltage Ni-rich LMBs. By merely extending the alkyl chains of traditional ethers, we effectively reduce the catalytic reactivity of the cathode towards the electrolyte at high voltages, which suppresses the oxidation decomposition of the electrolyte, microstructural defects and rock-salt phase formation in the cathode, and gas release issues. The high-voltage Ni-rich NCM811-Li battery delivers capacity retention of 80 % after 250 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.85 %, even superior to that in carbonate electrolytes. Additionally, this strategy facilitates passivation of the Li anode by forming a robust solid-electrolyte interphase, boosting the Li reversibility to 99.11 % with a cycling life of 350 cycles, which outperforms conventional F-free ether electrolytes. Consequently, the lifespan of practical LMBs has been prolonged by over 100 % and 500 % compared to those in conventional carbonate- and ether-based electrolytes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Department of Applied Physics & Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Che
- Department of Applied Physics & Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Wang
- Department of Applied Physics & Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Applied Physics & Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei He
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics & Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics & Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
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3
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Li AM, Borodin O, Pollard TP, Zhang W, Zhang N, Tan S, Chen F, Jayawardana C, Lucht BL, Hu E, Yang XQ, Wang C. Methylation enables the use of fluorine-free ether electrolytes in high-voltage lithium metal batteries. Nat Chem 2024; 16:922-929. [PMID: 38570729 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries represent a promising technology for next-generation energy storage, but they still suffer from poor cycle life due to lithium dendrite formation and cathode cracking. Fluorinated solvents can improve battery longevity by improving LiF content in the solid-electrolyte interphase; however, the high cost and environmental concerns of fluorinated solvents limit battery viability. Here we designed a series of fluorine-free solvents through the methylation of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, which promotes inorganic LiF-rich interphase formation through anion reduction and achieves high oxidation stability. The anion-derived LiF interphases suppress lithium dendrite growth on the lithium anode and minimize cathode cracking under high-voltage operation. The Li+-solvent structure is investigated through in situ techniques and simulations to draw correlations between the interphase compositions and electrochemical performances. The methylation strategy provides an alternative pathway for electrolyte engineering towards high-voltage electrolytes while reducing dependence on expensive fluorinated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Min Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Battery Science Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Travis P Pollard
- Battery Science Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Weiran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sha Tan
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Brett L Lucht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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4
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Zhou X, Zhou Y, Yu L, Qi L, Oh KS, Hu P, Lee SY, Chen C. Gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable batteries toward wide-temperature applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5291-5337. [PMID: 38634467 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries, typically represented by lithium-ion batteries, have taken a huge leap in energy density over the last two decades. However, they still face material/chemical challenges in ensuring safety and long service life at temperatures beyond the optimum range, primarily due to the chemical/electrochemical instabilities of conventional liquid electrolytes against aggressive electrode reactions and temperature variation. In this regard, a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with its liquid components immobilized and stabilized by a solid matrix, capable of retaining almost all the advantageous natures of the liquid electrolytes and circumventing the interfacial issues that exist in the all-solid-state electrolytes, is of great significance to realize rechargeable batteries with extended working temperature range. We begin this review with the main challenges faced in the development of GPEs, based on extensive literature research and our practical experience. Then, a significant section is dedicated to the requirements and design principles of GPEs for wide-temperature applications, with special attention paid to the feasibility, cost, and environmental impact. Next, the research progress of GPEs is thoroughly reviewed according to the strategies applied. In the end, we outline some prospects of GPEs related to innovations in material sciences, advanced characterizations, artificial intelligence, and environmental impact analysis, hoping to spark new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer to realizing wide-temperature rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhou
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Yifang Zhou
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Le Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Luhe Qi
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Kyeong-Seok Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pei Hu
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Sang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chaoji Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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5
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Yang T, Zhang W, Shen C, Ren L, Liao X, Guo Y, Zhao Y. Reaction Center Shifting in Partially Fluorinated Electrolytes for Robust Lithium Metal Battery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400604. [PMID: 38763908 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The strategic formulation of a compatible electrolyte plays a pivotal role in extending the longevity of lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we present findings on a partially fluorinated electrolyte distinguished by a subdued solvation affinity towards Li+ ions and a concentrated anion presence within the primary solvation layer. This distinctive solvation arrangement redirects the focal points of reactions from solvent molecules to anions, facilitating the predominant involvement of anions in the creation of a LiF-enriched solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Electrochemical assessments showcase effective Li+ transport kinetics, diminished overpotential polarization for Li nucleation (28 mV), and prolonged cycling durability in Li||Li cells employing the partially fluorinated electrolyte. When tested in Li||NCM811 cells, the designed electrolyte delivers a capacity retention of 89.30 % and exhibits a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.80 % over 100 cycles with a charge-potential cut-off of 4.6 V vs. Li/Li+ under the current density of 0.4C. Furthermore, even at a current density of 1C, the cells maintain 81.90 % capacity retention and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.40 % after 180 cycles. This work underscores the significance of weak-solvation interaction in partially fluorinated electrolytes and highlights the crucial role of solvent structure in enabling the long-term stability and high-energy density of LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Power Battery, School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, 442002, P. R. China
| | - Chunli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Long Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yaqing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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6
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Tan YH, Liu Z, Zheng JH, Ju ZJ, He XY, Hao W, Wu YC, Xu WS, Zhang HJ, Li GQ, Zhou LS, Zhou F, Tao X, Yao HB, Liang Z. Inorganic Composition Modulation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Fast Charging Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404815. [PMID: 38719211 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with lithium fluoride (LiF) is critical to the performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to its high stability and mechanical properties. However, the low Li ion conductivity of LiF impedes the rapid diffusion of Li ions in the SEI, which leads to localized Li ion oversaturation dendritic deposition and hinders the practical applications of LMBs at high-current regions (>3 C). To address this issue, a fluorophosphated SEI rich with fast ion-diffusing inorganic grain boundaries (LiF/Li3P) is introduced. By utilizing a sol electrolyte that contains highly dispersed porous LiF nanoparticles modified with phosphorus-containing functional groups, a fluorophosphated SEI is constructed and the presence of electrochemically active Li within these fast ion-diffusing grain boundaries (GBs-Li) that are non-nucleated is demonstrated, ensuring the stability of the Li || NCM811 cell for over 1000 cycles at fast-charging rates of 5 C (11 mA cm-2). Additionally, a practical, long cycling, and intrinsically safe LMB pouch cell with high energy density (400 Wh kg-1) is fabricated. The work reveals how SEI components and structure design can enable fast-charging LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Tan
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian-Hui Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zhi-Jin Ju
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Ya He
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ye-Chao Wu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Shan Xu
- Monta Vista Energy Technologies Corporation, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhang
- Monta Vista Energy Technologies Corporation, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Monta Vista Energy Technologies Corporation, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Li-Sha Zhou
- Monta Vista Energy Technologies Corporation, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Monta Vista Energy Technologies Corporation, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Xinyong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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7
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Zhang K, Yan S, Wu C, Wang L, Ma C, Ye J, Wu Y. Extended Battery Compatibility Consideration from an Electrolyte Perspective. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401857. [PMID: 38676350 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The performance of electrochemical batteries is intricately tied to the physicochemical environments established by their employed electrolytes. Traditional battery designs utilizing a single electrolyte often impose identical anodic and cathodic redox conditions, limiting the ability to optimize redox environments for both anode and cathode materials. Consequently, advancements in electrolyte technologies are pivotal for addressing these challenges and fostering the development of next-generation high-performance electrochemical batteries. This review categorizes perspectives on electrolyte technology into three key areas: additives engineering, comprehensive component analysis encompassing solvents and solutes, and the effects of concentration. By summarizing significant studies, the efficacy of electrolyte engineering is highlighted, and the review advocates for further exploration of optimized component combinations. This review primarily focuses on liquid electrolyte technologies, briefly touching upon solid-state electrolytes due to the former greater vulnerability to electrode and electrolyte interfacial effects. The ultimate goal is to generate increased awareness within the battery community regarding the holistic improvement of battery components through optimized combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Zhang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211816, China
| | - Shiye Yan
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211816, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211816, China
| | - Luoya Wang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211816, China
| | - Changlong Ma
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211816, China
| | - Jilei Ye
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211816, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211816, China
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8
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Xiang J, Lu YC. Ether-Based High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries: The Road to Commercialization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10726-10737. [PMID: 38602344 PMCID: PMC11044695 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Ether-based high-voltage lithium metal batteries (HV-LMBs) are drawing growing interest due to their high compatibility with the Li metal anode. However, the commercialization of ether-based HV-LMBs still faces many challenges, including short cycle life, limited safety, and complex failure mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent progress achieved in ether-based electrolytes for HV-LMBs and propose a systematic design principle for the electrolyte based on three important parameters: electrochemical performance, safety, and industrial scalability. Finally, we summarize the challenges for the commercial application of ether-based HV-LMBs and suggest a roadmap for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Xiang
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces
Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Electrochemical Energy and Interfaces
Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People’s
Republic of China
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9
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Sun Y, Li J, Xu S, Zhou H, Guo S. Molecular Engineering toward Robust Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311687. [PMID: 38081135 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) with high energy density are becoming increasingly important in global sustainability initiatives. However, uncontrollable dendrite seeds, inscrutable interfacial chemistry, and repetitively formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) have severely hindered the advancement of LMBs. Organic molecules have been ingeniously engineered to construct targeted SEI and effectively minimize the above issues. In this review, multiple organic molecules, including polymer, fluorinated molecules, and organosulfur, are comprehensively summarized and insights into how to construct the corresponding elastic, fluorine-rich, and organosulfur-containing SEIs are provided. A variety of meticulously selected cases are analyzed in depth to support the arguments of molecular design in SEI. Specifically, the evolution of organic molecules-derived SEI is discussed and corresponding design principles are proposed, which are beneficial in guiding researchers to understand and architect SEI based on organic molecules. This review provides a design guideline for constructing organic molecule-derived SEI and will inspire more researchers to concentrate on the exploitation of LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jingchang Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shaohua Guo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Lab of Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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10
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Yang K, Ma J, Li Y, Jiao J, Jiao S, An X, Zhong G, Chen L, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang D, Mi J, Biao J, Li B, Cheng X, Guo S, Ma Y, Hu W, Wu S, Zheng J, Liu M, He YB, Kang F. Weak-Interaction Environment in a Composite Electrolyte Enabling Ultralong-Cycling High-Voltage Solid-State Lithium Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38560787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based solid electrolytes with a Li salt-polymer-little residual solvent configuration are promising candidates for solid-state batteries. Herein, we clarify the microstructure of PVDF-based composite electrolyte at the atomic level and demonstrate that the Li+-interaction environment determines both interfacial stability and ion-transport capability. The polymer works as a "solid diluent" and the filler realizes a uniform solvent distribution. We propose a universal strategy of constructing a weak-interaction environment by replacing the conventional N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent with the designed 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (TFA). The lower Li+ binding energy of TFA forms abundant aggregates to generate inorganic-rich interphases for interfacial compatibility. The weaker interactions of TFA with PVDF and filler achieve high ionic conductivity (7.0 × 10-4 S cm-1) of the electrolyte. The solid-state Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells stably cycle 4900 and 3000 times with cutoff voltages of 4.3 and 4.5 V, respectively, as well as deliver superior stability at -20 to 45 °C and a high energy density of 300 Wh kg-1 in pouch cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiabin Ma
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junyu Jiao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shizhe Jiao
- School of Future Technology, Department of Chemical Physics, and Anhui Center for Applied Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xufei An
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guiming Zhong
- Laboratory of Advanced Spectro-electrochemistry and Li-ion batteries, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuyuan Jiang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinshuo Mi
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Biao
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaoke Guo
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuetao Ma
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Future Technology, Department of Chemical Physics, and Anhui Center for Applied Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shichao Wu
- Nanoyang Group, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan-Bing He
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Lan K, Zhang X, Yang X, Hou Q, Yuan R, Zheng M, Fan J, Qiu X, Dong Q. A Hybrid-Salt Strategy for Modulating the Li + Solvation Sheathes and Constructing Robust SEI in Non-Flammable Electrolyte Lithium Metal Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400210. [PMID: 38511253 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The electrode interface determines the performance of an electrochemical energy storage system. Using traditional electrolyte organic additives and high-concentration electrolyte emerging recently are two generally strategies for improving the electrode interface. Here, a hybrid-salt electrolyte strategy is proposed for constructing the stable electrode interface. Through the solubilization effect of phosphate ester on LiNO3, a hybrid-salts-based non-flammable phosphate ester electrolyte system (HSPE) with LiPF6 and LiNO3 as Li salts has been developed. By the strong interaction between NO3 - and Li+, the Li+ solvation sheath and solvent behaviors have been modulated, thus the undesirable effects of phosphate ester are eliminated and a robust SEI is formed. Experimental results and theoretical calculations illustrate that NO3 - as a kind of strongly coordinating anion can reduce the number of TEP molecules and lower the reduction reactivity of TEP. The reconfigured Li+ solvation structure allows the formation of an inorganic-rich SEI on the electrode surface. As a result, in the designed HSPE, the average coulombic efficiency of lithium plating/stripping is increased to 99.12 %. This work explored a new approach to construct the electrode interface and addressing the poor interface performance issue of phosphate esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xinan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Qing Hou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ruming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Mingseng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jingmin Fan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quanfeng Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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12
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Liu Y, Li J, Deng X, Chi SS, Wang J, Zeng H, Jiang Y, Li T, Liu Z, Wang H, Zhang G, Deng Y, Wang C. Regulating Electrolyte Solvation Structures via Diluent-Solvent Interactions for Safe High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311812. [PMID: 38453675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Local high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have been proved to be one of the most promising systems to stabilize both high voltage cathodes and Li metal anode for next-generation batteries. However, the solvation structures and interactions among different species in LHCEs are still convoluted, which bottlenecks the further breakthrough on electrolyte development. Here, it is demonstrated that the hydrogen bonding interaction between diluent and solvent is crucial for the construction of LHCEs and corresponding interphase chemistries. The 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (TFSF) is selected as diluent with the solvent dimethoxy-ethane (DME) to prepare a non-flammable LHCE for high voltage LMBs. This is first find that the hydrogen bonding interaction between TFSF and DME solvent tailors the electrolyte solvation structures by weakening the coordination of DME molecules to Li+ cations and allows more participation of anions in the first solvation shell, leading to the formation of aggregates (AGGs) clusters which are conducive to generating inorganic solid/cathodic electrolyte interphases (SEI/CEIs). The proposed TFSF based LHCE enables the Li||NCM811 (LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 O2 ) batteries to realize >80% capacity retention with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% for 230 cycles under aggressive conditions (NCM811 cathode: 3.4 mAh cm-2 , cut-off voltage: 4.4 V, and 20 µm Li foil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jin Li
- Research & Development Center, GAC Aion New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Zen Semiconductor Corporation, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shang-Sen Chi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huipeng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yidong Jiang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tingting Li
- ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhongbo Liu
- Shenzhen CAPCHEM Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology), Ministration of Education, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yonghong Deng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering (South China University of Technology), Ministration of Education, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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13
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Dai H, Gomes L, Maxwell D, Zamani S, Yang K, Atienza D, Dale N, Mukerjee S. Exploring the Role of an Electrolyte Additive in Suppressing Surface Reconstruction of a Ni-Rich NMC Cathode at Ultrahigh Voltage via Enhanced In Situ and Operando Characterization Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8639-8654. [PMID: 38335325 PMCID: PMC10895582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Vinylene carbonate (VC) is a widely used electrolyte additive in lithium-ion batteries for enhanced solid electrolyte interphase formation on the anode side. However, the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation with VC has received a lot less attention. This study presents a comprehensive investigation employing advanced in situ/operando-based Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to explore the effect of electrolyte composition on the CEI formation and suppression of surface reconstruction of LixNiyMnzCo1-y-zO2 (NMC) cathodes. A novel chemical pathway via VC polymerization is proposed based on experimental results. In situ Raman spectra revealed a new peak at 995 cm-1, indicating the presence of C-O semi-carbonates resulting from the radical polymerization of VC. Operando Raman analysis unveiled the formation of NiO at 490 cm-1 in the baseline system under ultrahigh voltage (up to 5.2 V). However, this peak was conspicuously absent in the VC electrolyte, signifying the effectiveness of VC in suppressing surface reconstruction. Further investigation was carried out utilizing in situ XAS compared X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra from cells of 3 and 20 cycles in both electrolytes at different operating voltages. The observed shift at the Ni K-edge confirmed a more substantial reduction of Ni in the baseline electrolyte compared to that in the VC electrolyte, thus indicating less CEI protection in the former. A sophisticated extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis quantitatively confirmed the effective suppression of rock-salt formation with the VC electrolyte during the charging process, consistent with the operando Raman results. The in situ XAS results thus provided additional support for the key findings of this study, establishing the crucial role of VC polymerization in enhancing CEI stability and mitigating surface reconstruction on NMC cathodes. This work clarifies the relationship between the enhanced CEI layer and NMC degradation and inspires rational electrolyte design for long-cycling NMC cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Dai
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Luisa Gomes
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Derrick Maxwell
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Somayeh Zamani
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dianne Atienza
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Nilesh Dale
- Nissan
Technical Center North America, 39001 Sunrise Drive, Farmington
Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Sanjeev Mukerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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14
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Li P, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhang H, Li G. Localized Medium Concentration Electrolyte with Fast Kinetics for Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319090. [PMID: 38179862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Localized high-concentration electrolyte is widely acknowledged as a cutting-edge electrolyte for the lithium metal anode. However, the high fluorine content, either from high-concentration salts or from highly fluorinated diluents, results in significantly higher production costs and an increased environmental burden. Here, we have developed a novel electrolyte termed "Localized Medium-Concentration Electrolyte" (LMCE) to effectively address these issues. This LMCE is designed and produced by diluting a medium concentration (0.5 M-1.5 M) electrolyte which is incompatible with lithium metal anode before diluting. It has ultralow concentration (0.1 M) and demonstrates remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anode. Surprisingly, our LMCE, despite having an ultralow concentration (0.1 M), exhibits excellent kinetics in Li/Cu, Li/Li, LiFePO4 /Li, and NCM811/Li batteries. Additionally, LMCE effectively inhibits the corrosion of the Al current collector caused by LiTFSI salt under high voltage (>4 V) conditions. This groundbreaking LMCE design transforms the seemingly "incompatible" into the "compatible", opening up new avenues for exploring various electrolyte formulations, including all liquid electrolyte-based batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xuzi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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15
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He R, Deng K, Mo D, Guan X, Hu Y, Yang K, Yan Z, Xie H. Active Diluent-Anion Synergy Strategy Regulating Nonflammable Electrolytes for High-Efficiency Li Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317176. [PMID: 38168476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
High-energy Li metal batteries (LMBs) consisting of Li metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes are promising candidates of the next generation energy-storage systems owing to their ultrahigh energy density. However, it is still challenging to develop high-voltage nonflammable electrolytes with superior anode and cathode compatibility for LMBs. Here, we propose an active diluent-anion synergy strategy to achieve outstanding compatibility with Li metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes by using 1,2-difluorobenzene (DFB) with high activity for yielding LiF as an active diluent to regulate nonflammable dimethylacetamide (DMAC)-based localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE-DFB). DFB and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI- ) anion cooperate to construct robust LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), which effectively stabilize DMAC from intrinsic reactions with Li metal anode and enhance the interfacial stability of the Li metal anodes and LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811) cathodes. LHCE-DFB enables ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency (98.7 %), dendrite-free, extremely stable and long-term cycling of Li metal anodes in Li || Cu cells and Li || Li cells. The fabricated NCM811 || Li cells with LHCE-DFB display remarkably enhanced long-term cycling stability and excellent rate capability. This work provides a promising active diluent-anion synergy strategy for designing high-voltage electrolytes for high-energy batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Kuirong Deng
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Daize Mo
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiongcong Guan
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
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16
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Li GX, Lennartz P, Koverga V, Kou R, Nguyen A, Jiang H, Liao M, Wang D, Dandu N, Zepeda M, Wang H, Wang K, Ngo AT, Brunklaus G, Wang D. Interfacial solvation-structure regulation for stable Li metal anode by a desolvation coating technique. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311732121. [PMID: 38232289 PMCID: PMC10823240 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311732121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries face challenges in achieving stable cycling due to the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The Li-ion solvation structure and its desolvation process are crucial for the formation of a stable SEI on Li metal anodes and improving Li plating/stripping kinetics. This research introduces an interfacial desolvation coating technique to actively modulate the Li-ion solvation structure at the Li metal interface and regulate the participation of the electrolyte solvent in SEI formation. Through experimental investigations conducted using a carbonate electrolyte with limited compatibility to Li metal, the optimized desolvation coating layer, composed of 12-crown-4 ether-modified silica materials, selectively displaces strongly coordinating solvents while simultaneously enriching weakly coordinating fluorinated solvents at the Li metal/electrolyte interface. This selective desolvation and enrichment effect reduce solvent participation to SEI and thus facilitate the formation of a LiF-dominant SEI with greatly reduced organic species on the Li metal surface, as conclusively verified through various characterization techniques including XPS, quantitative NMR, operando NMR, cryo-TEM, EELS, and EDS. The interfacial desolvation coating technique enables excellent rate cycling stability (i.e., 1C) of the Li metal anode and prolonged cycling life of the Li||LiCoO2 pouch cell in the conventional carbonate electrolyte (E/C 2.6 g/Ah), with 80% capacity retention after 333 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xing Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Peter Lennartz
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz Institute Münster, Münster48149, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Koverga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL60608
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Rong Kou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Au Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Meng Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Daiwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Naveen Dandu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL60608
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Michael Zepeda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL60608
| | - Haiying Wang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Ke Wang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Anh T. Ngo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL60608
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Gunther Brunklaus
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Helmholtz Institute Münster, Münster48149, Germany
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
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17
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Rahman MM, Tan S, Yang Y, Zhong H, Ghose S, Waluyo I, Hunt A, Ma L, Yang XQ, Hu E. An inorganic-rich but LiF-free interphase for fast charging and long cycle life lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8414. [PMID: 38110406 PMCID: PMC10728193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Li metal batteries using Li metal as negative electrode and LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 as positive electrode represent the next generation high-energy batteries. A major challenge facing these batteries is finding electrolytes capable of forming good interphases. Conventionally, electrolyte is fluorinated to generate anion-derived LiF-rich interphases. However, their low ionic conductivities forbid fast-charging. Here, we use CsNO3 as a dual-functional additive to form stable interphases on both electrodes. Such strategy allows the use of 1,2-dimethoxyethane as the single solvent, promising superior ion transport and fast charging. LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 is protected by the nitrate-derived species. On the Li metal side, large Cs+ has weak interactions with the solvent, leading to presence of anions in the solvation sheath and an anion-derived interphase. The interphase is surprisingly dominated by cesium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, a component not reported before. Its presence suggests that Cs+ is doing more than just electrostatic shielding as commonly believed. The interphase is free of LiF but still promises high performance as cells with high LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 loading (21 mg/cm2) and low N/P ratio (~2) can be cycled at 2C (~8 mA/cm2) with above 80% capacity retention after 200 cycles. These results suggest the role of LiF and Cs-containing additives need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sha Tan
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Joint Photon Sciences Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11970, USA
| | - Sanjit Ghose
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Iradwikanari Waluyo
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Adrian Hunt
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
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18
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Xu Y, Jia H, Gao P, Galvez-Aranda DE, Beltran SP, Cao X, Le PML, Liu J, Engelhard MH, Li S, Ren G, Seminario JM, Balbuena PB, Zhang JG, Xu W, Wang C. Direct in situ measurements of electrical properties of solid-electrolyte interphase on lithium metal anodes. NATURE ENERGY 2023; 8:1345-1354. [PMID: 38249622 PMCID: PMC10798234 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) critically governs the performance of rechargeable batteries. An ideal SEI is expected to be electrically insulative to prevent persistently parasitic reactions between the electrode and the electrolyte and ionically conductive to facilitate Faradaic reactions of the electrode. However, the true nature of the electrical properties of the SEI remains hitherto unclear due to the lack of a direct characterization method. Here we use in situ bias transmission electron microscopy to directly measure the electrical properties of SEIs formed on copper and lithium substrates. We reveal that SEIs show a voltage-dependent differential conductance. A higher rate of differential conductance induces a thicker SEI with an intricate topographic feature, leading to an inferior Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability in Li∣∣Cu and Li∣∣LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cells. Our work provides insight into the targeted design of the SEI with desired characteristics towards better battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Yaobin Xu, Hao Jia
| | - Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Yaobin Xu, Hao Jia
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Diego E. Galvez-Aranda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Saul Perez Beltran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xia Cao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Phung M. L. Le
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Gang Ren
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jorge M. Seminario
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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19
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Zhu Z, Li X, Qi X, Ji J, Ji Y, Jiang R, Liang C, Yang D, Yang Z, Qie L, Huang Y. Demystifying the Salt-Induced Li Loss: A Universal Procedure for the Electrolyte Design of Lithium-Metal Batteries. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:234. [PMID: 37874412 PMCID: PMC10597960 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal electrodes show significantly different reversibility in the electrolytes with different salts. However, the understanding on how the salts impact on the Li loss remains unclear. Herein, using the electrolytes with different salts (e.g., lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB), and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (LiFSI)) as examples, we decouple the irreversible Li loss (SEI Li+ and "dead" Li) during cycling. It is found that the accumulation of both SEI Li+ and "dead" Li may be responsible to the irreversible Li loss for the Li metal in the electrolyte with LiPF6 salt. While for the electrolytes with LiDFOB and LiFSI salts, the accumulation of "dead" Li predominates the Li loss. We also demonstrate that lithium nitrate and fluoroethylene carbonate additives could, respectively, function as the "dead" Li and SEI Li+ inhibitors. Inspired by the above understandings, we propose a universal procedure for the electrolyte design of Li metal batteries (LMBs): (i) decouple and find the main reason for the irreversible Li loss; (ii) add the corresponding electrolyte additive. With such a Li-loss-targeted strategy, the Li reversibility was significantly enhanced in the electrolytes with 1,2-dimethoxyethane, triethyl phosphate, and tetrahydrofuran solvents. Our strategy may broaden the scope of electrolyte design toward practical LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Ji
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruining Jiang
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yang
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Yang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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20
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Yao N, Yu L, Fu ZH, Shen X, Hou TZ, Liu X, Gao YC, Zhang R, Zhao CZ, Chen X, Zhang Q. Probing the Origin of Viscosity of Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305331. [PMID: 37173278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity is an extremely important property for ion transport and wettability of electrolytes. Easy access to viscosity values and a deep understanding of this property remain challenging yet critical to evaluating the electrolyte performance and tailoring electrolyte recipes with targeted properties. We proposed a screened overlapping method to efficiently compute the viscosity of lithium battery electrolytes by molecular dynamics simulations. The origin of electrolyte viscosity was further comprehensively probed. The viscosity of solvents exhibits a positive correlation with the binding energy between molecules, indicating viscosity is directly correlated to intermolecular interactions. Salts in electrolytes enlarge the viscosity significantly with increasing concentrations while diluents serve as the viscosity reducer, which is attributed to the varied binding strength from cation-anion and cation-solvent associations. This work develops an accurate and efficient method for computing the electrolyte viscosity and affords deep insight into viscosity at the molecular level, which exhibits the huge potential to accelerate advanced electrolyte design for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Legeng Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhong-Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ting-Zheng Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Chen Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chen-Zi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Wu LQ, Li Z, Lu Y, Hou JZ, Han HQ, Zhao Q, Chen J. Hexacyclic Chelated Lithium Stable Solvates for Highly Reversible Cycling of High-Voltage Lithium Metal Battery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300590. [PMID: 37302979 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ether-based electrolytes that are endowed with decent compatibility towards lithium anode have been regarded as promising candidates for constructing energy-dense lithium metal batteries (LMBs), but their applications are hindered by low oxidation stability in conventional salt concentration. Here, we reported that regulating the chelating power and coordination structure can remarkably increase the high-voltage stability of ether-based electrolytes and lifespan of LMBs. Two ether molecules of 1,3-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and 1,3-diethoxypropane (DEP) are designed and synthesized as solvents of electrolytes to replace the traditional ether solvent (1,2-dimethoxyethane, DME). Both computational and spectra reveal that the transition from five- to six-membered chelate solvation structure by adding one methylene on DME results in the formation of weak Li solvates, which increase the reversibility and high-voltage stability in LMBs. Even under lean electrolyte (5 mL Ah-1 ) and low anode to cathode ratio (2.6), the fabricated high-voltage Li||LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 LMBs using electrolyte of 2.30 M Lithiumbisfluorosulfonimide (LiFSI)/DMP still show capacity retention over 90 % after 184 cycles. This work highlights the importance of designing the coordination structures in non-fluorine ether electrolytes for rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Qing Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yong Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ze Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Qin Han
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, P.R. China
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22
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Hossain MJ, Wu Q, Marin Bernardez EJ, Quilty CD, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES, Bock DC, Takeuchi KJ, Qi Y. The Relationship between Ionic Conductivity and Solvation Structures of Localized High-Concentration Fluorinated Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7718-7731. [PMID: 37606601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) combine a diluent with a high-concentration electrolyte, offering promising properties. The ions, solvent, and diluent interact to form complex heterogeneous liquid structures, where high salt concentration clusters are embedded in the diluent. Optimizing LHCEs for desired electrolyte properties like high ionic conductivity, low viscosity, and effective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation ability within the vast chemical and compositional design space requires deeper understanding and theoretical guidance. We investigated the structures and conductivities of LHCEs based on a fluorinated solvent with two different diluents at varying concentrations. 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropyl trifluoroacetate (TFPTFA) enters the solvation cluster due to its stronger Li-ion interactions, whereas 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (TFETFE) enters only at extremely high diluent concentrations. The ionic conductivity increases with decreasing diluent concentrations, with a slope change during cluster percolation. Overall, TFETFE demonstrates higher effectiveness than TFPTFA, forming higher local salt concentration clusters and resulting in higher ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamil Hossain
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Edelmy J Marin Bernardez
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Calvin D Quilty
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David C Bock
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yue Qi
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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23
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Xiao P, Yun X, Chen Y, Guo X, Gao P, Zhou G, Zheng C. Insights into the solvation chemistry in liquid electrolytes for lithium-based rechargeable batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5255-5316. [PMID: 37462967 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-based rechargeable batteries have dominated the energy storage field and attracted considerable research interest due to their excellent electrochemical performance. As indispensable and ubiquitous components, electrolytes play a pivotal role in not only transporting lithium ions, but also expanding the electrochemical stable potential window, suppressing the side reactions, and manipulating the redox mechanism, all of which are closely associated with the behavior of solvation chemistry in electrolytes. Thus, comprehensively understanding the solvation chemistry in electrolytes is of significant importance. Here we critically reviewed the development of electrolytes in various lithium-based rechargeable batteries including lithium-metal batteries (LMBs), nonaqueous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs), and aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs), and emphasized the effects of interactions between cations, anions, and solvents on solvation chemistry, and functions of solvation chemistry in different types of electrolytes (strong solvating electrolytes, moderate solvating electrolytes, and weak solvating electrolytes) on the electrochemical performance and redox mechanism in the abovementioned rechargeable batteries. Specifically, the significant effects of solvation chemistry on the stability of electrode-electrolyte interphases, suppression of lithium dendrites in LMBs, inhibition of the co-intercalation of solvents in LIBs, improvement of anodic stability at high cut-off voltages in LMBs, LIBs and ALIBs, regulation of redox pathways in LSBs and LOBs, and inhibition of hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions in LOBs are thoroughly summarized. Finally, the review concludes with a prospective outlook, where practical issues of electrolytes, advanced in situ/operando techniques to illustrate the mechanism of solvation chemistry, and advanced theoretical calculation and simulation techniques such as "material knowledge informed machine learning" and "artificial intelligence (AI) + big data" driven strategies for high-performance electrolytes have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peitao Xiao
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China.
| | - Xiaoru Yun
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China.
| | - Yufang Chen
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China.
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology of Clean Energy, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chunman Zheng
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China.
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24
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Liu Q, Jiang W, Xu J, Xu Y, Yang Z, Yoo DJ, Pupek KZ, Wang C, Liu C, Xu K, Zhang Z. A fluorinated cation introduces new interphasial chemistries to enable high-voltage lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3678. [PMID: 37344449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorides have been identified as a key ingredient in interphases supporting aggressive battery chemistries. While the precursor for these fluorides must be pre-stored in electrolyte components and only delivered at extreme potentials, the chemical source of fluorine so far has been confined to either negatively-charge anions or fluorinated molecules, whose presence in the inner-Helmholtz layer of electrodes, and consequently their contribution to the interphasial chemistry, is restricted. To pre-store fluorine source on positive-charged species, here we show a cation that carries fluorine in its structure is synthesized and its contribution to interphasial chemistry is explored for the very first time. An electrolyte carrying fluorine in both cation and anion brings unprecedented interphasial chemistries that translate into superior battery performance of a lithium-metal battery, including high Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.98%, and Li0-dendrite prevention for 900 hours. The significance of this fluorinated cation undoubtedly extends to other advanced battery systems beyond lithium, all of which universally require kinetic protection of highly fluorinated interphases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Dong-Joo Yoo
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Krzysztof Z Pupek
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA.
| | - Zhengcheng Zhang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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25
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Li Y, Wang T, Chen J, Peng X, Chen M, Liu B, Mu Y, Zeng L, Zhao T. An artificial interfacial layer with biomimetic ionic channels towards highly stable Li metal anodes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00378-X. [PMID: 37336686 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal with low electrochemical potential and high theoretical capacity is a promising anode material for next-generation batteries. However, the low reversibility and safety problems caused by the notorious dendrite growth significantly impede the development of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, to enable a dendrite-free and highly reversible Li metal anode (LMA), we develop a cytomembrane-inspired artificial layer (CAL) with biomimetic ionic channels using a scalable spread coating method. The negatively charged CAL with uniform intraparticle and interparticle ionic channels facilitates the Li-ion transport and redistributes the Li-ion flux, contributing to stable and homogeneous Li stripping and plating. Furthermore, a robust underneath transition layer with abundant lithiophilic inorganic components is in-situ formed through the transformation of CAL during cycling, which promotes Li-ion diffusion and suppresses the continuous side reactions with the electrolyte. Additionally, the resulting cytomembrane-inspired artificial Janus layer (CAJL) displays an ultrahigh Young's modulus (≥10.7 GPa) to inhibit the dendrite growth. Consequently, the CAJL-protected LMA (Li@CAJL) is stably cycled with a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm-2 at a high current density of 10 mA cm-2. More importantly, the effective CAJL modification realizes the stable operation of a practical 429.2 Wh kg-1 lithium-sulfur (Li-S) pouch cell using a low electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio of 3 μL mg-1. The facile yet effective protection strategy of LMAs can promote the practical application of LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianshuai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongbiao Mu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianshou Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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26
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Shen Y, Wang Y, Miao Y, Li Q, Zhao X, Shen X. Anion-Incorporated Mg-Ion Solvation Modulation Enables Fast Magnesium Storage Kinetics of Conversion-Type Cathode Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208289. [PMID: 36893768 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMB) have emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to the prominent advantages of magnesium metal anodes. Nevertheless, their application is hindered by sluggish Mg-ion storage kinetics in cathodes, although various structural modifications of cathode materials have been performed. Herein, an electrolyte design using an anion-incorporated Mg-ion solvation structure is developed to promote the Mg-ion storage reactions of conversion-type cathode materials. The addition of the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion (OTf- ) in the ether-based Mg-ion electrolyte modulates the solvation structure of Mg2+ from [Mg(DME)3 ]2+ to [Mg(DME)2.5 OTf]+ (DME = dimethoxy ethane), which facilitates Mg-ion desolvation and thus significantly expedites the charge transfer of the cathode material. As a result, the as-prepared CuSe cathode material on copper current collector exhibits a considerable increase in magnesium storage capacity from 61% (228 mAh g-1 ) to 95% (357 mAh g-1 ) of the theoretical capacity at 0.1 A g-1 and a more than twofold capacity increase at a high current density of 1.0 A g-1 . This work provides an efficient strategy via electrolyte modulation to achieve high-rate conversion-type cathode materials for RMBs. The incorporation of the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion in the Mg-ion solvation structure of the borate-based Mg-ion electrolyte enables the fast magnesium storage kinetics of the conversion-type cathode materials. The as-prepared copper selenide cathode achieved a more than twofold capacity increase at a high rate and the highest reversible capacities compared to those of the previously reported metal selenide cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yingchun Miao
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Functional Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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27
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Piao Z, Gao R, Liu Y, Zhou G, Cheng HM. A Review on Regulating Li + Solvation Structures in Carbonate Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206009. [PMID: 36043940 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered promising candidates for next-generation battery systems due to their high energy density. However, commercialized carbonate electrolytes cannot be used in LMBs due to their poor compatibility with lithium metal anodes. While increasing cut-off voltage is an effective way to boost the energy density of LMBs, conventional ethylene carbonate-based electrolytes undergo a number of side reactions at high voltages. It is therefore critical to upgrade conventional carbonate electrolytes, the performance of which is highly influenced by the solvation structure of lithium ions (Li+ ). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies to regulate the solvation structure of Li+ in carbonate electrolytes for LMBs by better understanding the science behind the Li+ solvation structure and Li+ behavior. Different strategies are systematically compared to help select better electrolytes for specific applications. The remaining scientific and technical problems are pointed out, and directions for future research on carbonate electrolytes for LMBs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Piao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Runhua Gao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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28
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Guo JX, Tang WB, Xiong X, Liu H, Wang T, Wu Y, Cheng XB. Localized high-concentration electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: progress and prospect. Front Chem Sci Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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29
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Ruan D, Tan L, Chen S, Fan J, Nian Q, Chen L, Wang Z, Ren X. Solvent versus Anion Chemistry: Unveiling the Structure-Dependent Reactivity in Tailoring Electrochemical Interphases for Lithium-Metal Batteries. JACS AU 2023; 3:953-963. [PMID: 37006759 PMCID: PMC10052229 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytes are critical for the reversibility of various electrochemical energy storage systems. The recent development of electrolytes for high-voltage Li-metal batteries has been counting on the salt anion chemistry for building stable interphases. Herein, we investigate the effect of the solvent structure on the interfacial reactivity and discover profound solvent chemistry of designed monofluoro-ether in anion-enriched solvation structures, which enables enhanced stabilization of both high-voltage cathodes and Li-metal anodes. Systematic comparison of different molecular derivatives provides an atomic-scale understanding of the unique solvent structure-dependent reactivity. The interaction between Li+ and the monofluoro (-CH2F) group significantly influences the electrolyte solvation structure and promotes the monofluoro-ether-based interfacial reactions over the anion chemistry. With in-depth analyses of the compositions, charge transfer, and ion transport at interfaces, we demonstrated the essential role of the monofluoro-ether solvent chemistry in tailoring highly protective and conductive interphases (with enriched LiF at full depths) on both electrodes, as opposed to the anion-derived ones in typical concentrated electrolytes. As a result, the solvent-dominant electrolyte chemistry enables a high Li Coulombic efficiency (∼99.4%) and stable Li anode cycling at a high rate (10 mA cm-2), together with greatly improved cycling stability of 4.7 V-class nickel-rich cathodes. This work illustrates the underlying mechanism of the competitive solvent and anion interfacial reaction schemes in Li-metal batteries and offers fundamental insights into the rational design of electrolytes for future high-energy batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digen Ruan
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lijiang Tan
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shunqiang Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qingshun Nian
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key
Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zihong Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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30
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Chen S, Zhu W, Tan L, Ruan D, Fan J, Chen Y, Meng X, Nian Q, Zhao X, Jiang J, Wang Z, Jiao S, Wu X, Ren X. Strongly Solvating Ether Electrolytes for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13155-13164. [PMID: 36857304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethers are promising electrolytes for lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) because of their unique stability with Li metal. Although intensive research on designing anion-enriched electrolyte solvation structures has greatly improved their electrochemical stabilities, ether electrolytes are approaching an anodic bottleneck. Herein, we reveal the strong correlation between electrolyte solvation structure and oxidation stability. In contrast to previous designs of weakly solvating solvents for enhanced anion reactivities, the triglyme (G3)-based electrolyte with the largest Li+ solvation energy among different linear ethers demonstrates greatly improved stability on Ni-rich cathodes under an ultrahigh voltage of 4.7 V (93% capacity retention after 100 cycles). Ether electrolytes with a stronger Li+ solvating ability could greatly suppress deleterious oxidation side reactions by decreasing the lifetime of free labile ether molecules. This study provides critical insights into the dynamics of the solvation structure and its significant influence on the interfacial stability for future development of high-efficiency electrolytes for high-energy-density LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqiang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weiduo Zhu
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Lijiang Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Digen Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - JiaJia Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | | | | | - Qingshun Nian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinyu Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zihong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuhong Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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31
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Zhang H, Zeng Z, Liu M, Ma F, Qin M, Wang X, Wu Y, Lei S, Cheng S, Xie J. A "tug-of-war" effect tunes Li-ion transport and enhances the rate capability of lithium metal batteries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2745-2754. [PMID: 36908970 PMCID: PMC9993850 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
"Solvent-in-salt" electrolytes (high-concentration electrolytes (HCEs)) and diluted high-concentration electrolytes (DHCEs) show great promise for reviving secondary lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, the inherently sluggish Li+ transport of such electrolytes limits the high-rate capability of LMBs for practical conditions. Here, we discovered a "tug-of-war" effect in a multilayer solvation sheath that promoted the rate capability of LMBs; the pulling force of solvent-nonsolvent interactions competed with the compressive force of Li+-nonsolvent interactions. By elaborately manipulating the pulling and compressive effects, the interaction between Li+ and the solvent was weakened, leading to a loosened solvation sheath. Thereby, the developed electrolytes enabled a high Li+ transference number (0.65) and a Li (50 μm)‖NCM712 (4 mA h cm-2) full cell exhibited long-term cycling stability (160 cycles; 80% capacity retention) at a high rate of 0.33C (1.32 mA cm-2). Notably, Li (50 μm)‖LiFePO4 (LFP; 17.4 mg cm-2) cells with a designed electrolyte reached a capacity retention of 80% after 1450 cycles at a rate of 0.66C. An 6 Ah Li‖LFP pouch cell (over 250 W h kg-1) showed excellent cycling stability (130 cycles, 96% capacity retention) under practical conditions. This design concept for an electrolyte provides a promising path to build high-energy-density and high-rate LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Ziqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Mengchuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- GuSu Laboratory of Materials Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Mingsheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Xinlan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Yuanke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Sheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Shijie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
| | - Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China
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32
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Zheng X, Cao Z, Luo W, Weng S, Zhang X, Wang D, Zhu Z, Du H, Wang X, Qie L, Zheng H, Huang Y. Solvation and Interfacial Engineering Enable -40 °C Operation of Graphite/NCM Batteries at Energy Density over 270 Wh kg -1. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210115. [PMID: 36548193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries (LIBs) that can operate under low temperature (LT) conditions are essential for applications in orbital missions, subsea areas, and electric vehicles. Unfortunately, severe capacity loss is witnessed due to tremendous kinetic barriers that emerge at LT. Herein, to surmount such kinetic limitations, a low dielectric environment is tamed throughout the bulk electrolyte, which efficaciously brought the Li+ desolvation energy down to 30.76 kJ mol-1 . At the meantime, the adoption of sodium cations (Na+ ) is proposed as a hetero-cation additive, and a Li-Na hybrid and fluoride-rich interphase is further identified via preferential reduction of Na+ -(solvent/anion) clusters, which is found to efficiently facilitate Li+ migration through the LiF/NaF grain boundaries. Based on a N/P ratio of 1.1, the graphite/LiNi0.5 Co0.2 Mn0.3 O2 (NCM) full cell (cathode loading of ≈18.5 mg cm-2 ) delivers a capacity as high as 125.1 mAh g-1 under -20 °C with prolonged cycling to 100 cycles. Finally, a 270 Wh kg-1 graphite/NCM pouch cell is assembled, which affords a discharge capacity of 108.7 mAh g-1 under -40 °C during the initial cycles. With an eye to both fundamental and practical aspects, this work will propel additional advancements and allow LIBs to fill more roles under extreme operation temperatures than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zheng
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Development & Application for Metallic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Zhang Cao
- College of Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Development & Application for Metallic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Suting Weng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xianlin Zhang
- Huasheng Lithium Materials Co. Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215638, China
| | - Donghai Wang
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Development & Application for Metallic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Zhenglu Zhu
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Development & Application for Metallic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Haoran Du
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Development & Application for Metallic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Long Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Honghe Zheng
- College of Energy & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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33
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A monofluoride ether-based electrolyte solution for fast-charging and low-temperature non-aqueous lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1081. [PMID: 36841814 PMCID: PMC9968335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte solution limits the energy content of non-aqueous lithium metal batteries. In particular, although electrolytes comprising fluorinated solvents show good oxidation stability against high-voltage positive electrode active materials such as LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), the ionic conductivity is adversely affected and, thus, the battery cycling performance at high current rates and low temperatures. To address these issues, here we report the design and synthesis of a monofluoride ether as an electrolyte solvent with Li-F and Li-O tridentate coordination chemistries. The monofluoro substituent (-CH2F) in the solvent molecule, differently from the difluoro (-CHF2) and trifluoro (-CF3) counterparts, improves the electrolyte ionic conductivity without narrowing the oxidation stability. Indeed, the electrolyte solution with the monofluoride ether solvent demonstrates good compatibility with positive and negative electrodes in a wide range of temperatures (i.e., from -60 °C to +60 °C) and at high charge/discharge rates (e.g., at 17.5 mA cm-2). Using this electrolyte solution, we assemble and test a 320 mAh Li||NCM811 multi-layer pouch cell, which delivers a specific energy of 426 Wh kg-1 (based on the weight of the entire cell) and capacity retention of 80% after 200 cycles at 0.8/8 mA cm-2 charge/discharge rate and 30 °C.
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34
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Non-polar ether-based electrolyte solutions for stable high-voltage non-aqueous lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:868. [PMID: 36797246 PMCID: PMC9935899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical instability of ether-based electrolyte solutions hinders their practical applications in high-voltage Li metal batteries. To circumvent this issue, here, we propose a dilution strategy to lose the Li+/solvent interaction and use the dilute non-aqueous electrolyte solution in high-voltage lithium metal batteries. We demonstrate that in a non-polar dipropyl ether (DPE)-based electrolyte solution with lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide salt, the decomposition order of solvated species can be adjusted to promote the Li+/salt-derived anion clusters decomposition over free ether solvent molecules. This selective mechanism favors the formation of a robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and a solvent-deficient electric double-layer structure at the positive electrode interface. When the DPE-based electrolyte is tested in combination with a Li metal negative electrode (50 μm thick) and a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2-based positive electrode (3.3 mAh/cm2) in pouch cell configuration at 25 °C, a specific discharge capacity retention of about 74% after 150 cycles (0.33 and 1 mA/cm2 charge and discharge, respectively) is obtained.
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35
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Zou Y, Ma Z, Liu G, Li Q, Yin D, Shi X, Cao Z, Tian Z, Kim H, Guo Y, Sun C, Cavallo L, Wang L, Alshareef HN, Sun YK, Ming J. Non-Flammable Electrolyte Enables High-Voltage and Wide-Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries with Fast Charging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216189. [PMID: 36567260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyte design has become ever more important to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the flammability issue and high reactivity of the conventional electrolytes remain a major problem, especially when the LIBs are operated at high voltage and extreme temperatures. Herein, we design a novel non-flammable fluorinated ester electrolyte that enables high cycling stability in wide-temperature variations (e.g., -50 °C-60 °C) and superior power capability (fast charge rates up to 5.0 C) for the graphite||LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811) battery at high voltage (i.e., >4.3 V vs. Li/Li+ ). Moreover, this work sheds new light on the dynamic evolution and interaction among the Li+ , solvent, and anion at the molecular level. By elucidating the fundamental relationship between the Li+ solvation structure and electrochemical performance, we can facilitate the development of high-safety and high-energy-density batteries operating in harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Dongming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xuejian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhengnan Tian
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Yingjun Guo
- Huzhou Kunlun Enchem Power Battery Materials Company, Ltd., Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Sun
- Huzhou Kunlun Enchem Power Battery Materials Company, Ltd., Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Limin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang-Kook Sun
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Jun Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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36
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Wu M, Wang Z, Zhang W, Jayawardana C, Li Y, Chen F, Nan B, Lucht BL, Wang C. High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by a Fluorinated Cyclic Ether with a Low Reduction Potential. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216169. [PMID: 36592348 PMCID: PMC10107931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte engineering is crucial for developing high-performance lithium metal batteries (LMB). Here, we synthesized two cosolvents methyl bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (MFSI) and 3,3,4,4-tetrafluorotetrahydrofuran (TFF) with significantly different reduction potentials and add them into LiFSI-DME electrolytes. The LiFSI/TFF-DME electrolyte gave an average Li Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.41 % over 200 cycles, while the average Li CEs for MFSI-based electrolyte is only 98.62 %. Additionally, the TFF-based electrolytes exhibited a more reversible performance than the state-of-the-art fluorinated 1,4-dimethoxylbutane electrolyte in both Li||Cu half-cell and anode-free Cu||LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 full cell. More importantly, the decomposition product from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion could react with ether solvent, which destroyed the SEI, thus decreasing cell performance. These key discoveries provide new insights into the rational design of electrolyte solvents and cosolvents for LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zeyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Weiran Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bo Nan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brett L Lucht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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37
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Zhao Y, Zhou T, Mensi M, Choi JW, Coskun A. Electrolyte engineering via ether solvent fluorination for developing stable non-aqueous lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:299. [PMID: 36653353 PMCID: PMC9849263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorination of ether solvents is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical stability of non-aqueous electrolyte solutions in lithium metal batteries. However, excessive fluorination detrimentally impacts the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, thus limiting the battery performance. Here, to maximize the electrolyte ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, we introduce the targeted trifluoromethylation of 1,2-dimethoxyethane to produce 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dimethoxypropane (TFDMP). TFDMP is used as a solvent to prepare a 2 M non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprising bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt. This electrolyte solution shows an ionic conductivity of 7.4 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, an oxidation stability up to 4.8 V and an efficient suppression of Al corrosion. When tested in a coin cell configuration at 25 °C using a 20 μm Li metal negative electrode, a high mass loading LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2-based positive electrode (20 mg cm-2) with a negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio of 1, discharge capacity retentions (calculated excluding the initial formation cycles) of 81% after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 and 88% after 142 cycles at 0.2 A g-1 are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700 Switzerland
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700 Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- grid.5333.60000000121839049Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion, 1950 Switzerland
| | - Jang Wook Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of materials science and engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Coskun
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700 Switzerland
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38
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Zhu M, Jiao X, Wang W, Chen H, Li F. Localized high-concentration electrolyte enabled by a novel ester diluent for lithium metal batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:712-715. [PMID: 36541014 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To achieve stable Li anode cycling with a high-voltage cathode and high efficiency, a novel ester diluent-based localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE) was successfully applied. The oxidation resistance of the high-concentration electrolyte is retained after dilution. More than 99.5% Coulombic efficiency is achieved in Li||Cu cells owing to the optimized physical properties, and the robust SEI film enables superior long-term operation with a high-voltage cathode. This strategy verifies the effectiveness of developing ester diluents for LHCEs applied in lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Jiao
- Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Wenwei Wang
- Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Haiwei Chen
- Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518118, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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39
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Jo Y, Jin D, Lim M, Lee H, An H, Seo J, Kim G, Ren X, Lee YM, Lee H. Structural and Chemical Evolutions of Li/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li-Metal Batteries: Tracing Compositional Changes of Electrolytes under Practical Conditions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204812. [PMID: 36398609 PMCID: PMC9839847 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promises in high-energy-density batteries, Li-metal anodes (LMAs) have suffered from extensive electrolyte decomposition and unlimited volume expansion owing to thick, porous layer buildup during cycling. It mainly originates from a ceaseless reiteration of the formation and collapse of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). This study reveals the structural and chemical evolutions of the reacted Li layer after different cycles and investigates its detrimental effects on the cycling stability under practical conditions. Instead of the immediately deactivated top surface of the reacted Li layer, the chemical nature underneath the reacted Li layer can be an important indicator of the electrolyte compositional changes. It is found that cycling of LMAs with a lean electrolyte (≈3 g Ah-1 ) causes fast depletion of salt anions, leading to the dynamic evolution of the reacted Li layer structure and composition. Increasing the salt-solvent complex while reducing the non-solvating diluent retards the rate of depletion in a localized high-concentration electrolyte, thereby demonstrating prolonged cycling of Li||NMC622 cells without compromising the Li Coulombic efficiencies and high-voltage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseong Jo
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Jin
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Minhong Lim
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Lee
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongguk An
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Seo
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Gunyoung Kim
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaodi Ren
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Yong Min Lee
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research CenterDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkyung Lee
- Department of Energy Science and EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research CenterDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
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40
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Zhao Y, Zhou T, Jeurgens LP, Kong X, Choi JW, Coskun A. Electrolyte engineering for highly inorganic solid electrolyte interphase in high-performance lithium metal batteries. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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41
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Facile design of alloy-based hybrid layer to stabilize lithium metal anode. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Xu Z, Deng K, Zhou S, Liu Z, Guan X, Mo D. Nonflammable Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes with Long-Term Cycling Stability for High-Performance Li Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48694-48704. [PMID: 36279165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-concentration electrolytes (HCEs) can effectively enhance interface stability and cycle performance of Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, HCEs suffer from low ionic conductivity, high viscosity, high cost, and high density. Herein, fluorobenzene (FB) diluted localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) consisting of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)/triethyl phosphate (TEP)/FB are developed. 2.3 M LHCE can reserve concentrated Li+-FSI--TEP solvation structures. Diluent FB possesses low density, low viscosity, low cost, low dielectric constant, low LUMO, and a good fluorine-donating property, which can significantly reduce viscosity, improve ionic conductivity, promote the formation of LiF-rich SEI, and enhance interaction of Li+-TEP and Li+-FSI- ion-pairs of the electrolytes. 2.3 M LHCE is a highly safe nonflammable electrolyte. 2.3 M LHCE can effectively inhibit dendrite growth on Li metal anode. 2.3 M LHCE endows LiFePO4 cells with good rate capability (discharge capacity of 112.7 mAh g-1 at 5 C rate) and excellent cycling performance (capacity retention of 95.4% after 1000 cycles). 2.3 M LHCE also shows good compatibility with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 and exhibits outstanding cycle stability (capacity retention of 86.4% after 500 cycles). Therefore, 2.3 M LHCE is a promising electrolyte for practical applications in LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Xu
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Kuirong Deng
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Suping Zhou
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiongcong Guan
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
| | - Daize Mo
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen529020, P. R. China
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43
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Wu Z, Li R, Zhang S, lv L, Deng T, Zhang H, Zhang R, Liu J, Ding S, Fan L, Chen L, Fan X. Deciphering and modulating energetics of solvation structure enables aggressive high-voltage chemistry of Li metal batteries. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Hou LP, Li Z, Yao N, Bi CX, Li BQ, Chen X, Zhang XQ, Zhang Q. Weakening the Solvating Power of Solvents to Encapsulate Lithium Polysulfides Enables Long-Cycling Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205284. [PMID: 36085249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long cycling lifespan is a prerequisite for practical lithium-sulfur batteries yet is restricted by side reactions between soluble polysulfides and the lithium-metal anode. The regulation on solvation structure of polysulfides renders encapsulating polysulfides electrolytes (EPSE) as a promising solution to suppress the parasitic reactions. The solvating power of the solvents in the outer solvent shell of lithium polysulfides is critical for the encapsulation effect of EPSE. Herein, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (HFE) is demonstrated as a superior outer-shell solvent to construct EPSE. Based on the large steric hindrance of the fluorohydrocarbon chains, the electron-withdrawing perfluoro segment (CF2 further endows HFE with prominently weak solvating power. The HFE-EPSE improves the lifespan from 54 to 135 cycles for lithium-sulfur batteries with an ultrathin lithium-metal anode (50 µm) and high-areal-loading sulfur cathode (4.4 mg cm-2 ). Furthermore, a 334 Wh kg-1 lithium-sulfur pouch cell (2.4 Ah level) with HFE-EPSE stably undergoes 25 cycles. This work demonstrates the role of weakening solvating power of outer-shell solvents to construct superior EPSE and inspires the significance of the solvation chemistry of polysulfides to achieve practical lithium-sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen-Xi Bi
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo-Quan Li
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zhang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical, Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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45
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Chen T, You J, Li R, Li H, Wang Y, Wu C, Sun Y, Yang L, Ye Z, Zhong B, Wu Z, Guo X. Ultra-Low Concentration Electrolyte Enabling LiF-Rich SEI and Dense Plating/Stripping Processes for Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203216. [PMID: 35978270 PMCID: PMC9534938 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interface structure of the electrode is closely related to the electrochemical performance of lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). In particular, a high-quality solid electrode interface (SEI) and uniform, dense lithium plating/stripping processes play a key role in achieving stable LMBs. Herein, a LiF-rich SEI and a uniform and dense plating/stripping process of the electrolyte by reducing the electrolyte concentration without changing the solvation structure, thereby avoiding the high cost and poor wetting properties of high-concentration electrolytes are achieved. The ultra-low concentration electrolyte with an unchanged Li+ solvation structure can restrain the inhomogeneous diffusion flux of Li+ , thereby achieving more uniform lithium deposition and stripping processes while maintaining a LiF-rich SEI. The LiIICu battery with this electrolyte exhibits enhanced cycling stability for 1000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 99% at 1 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2 . For the LiIILiFePO4 pouch cell, the capacity retention values at 0.5 and 1 C are 98.6% and 91.4%, respectively. This study offers a new perspective for the commercial application of low-cost electrolytes with ultra-low concentrations and high concentration effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Jinhai You
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu610106P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan453007P. R. China
| | - Zhengcheng Ye
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Benhe Zhong
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced StudyChengdu UniversityChengdu610106P. R. China
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46
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Wu Y, Wang A, Hu Q, Liang H, Xu H, Wang L, He X. Significance of Antisolvents on Solvation Structures Enhancing Interfacial Chemistry in Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1290-1298. [PMID: 36188346 PMCID: PMC9523775 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) provide a new way to expand multifunctional electrolytes because of their unique physicochemical properties. LHCEs are generated when high-concentration electrolytes (HCEs) are diluted by antisolvents, while the effect of antisolvents on the lithium-ion solvation structure is negligible. Herein, using one-dimensional infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we explore the significance of antisolvents in the model electrolyte lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide/dimethyl carbonate (LiFSI/DMC) with hydrofluoroether. We clarify that the role of antisolvent is more than dilution; it is also the formation of a low-dielectric environment and intensification of the inductive effect on the C=O moiety of DMC caused by the antisolvent, which decrease the binding energy of the Li+···solvent and Li+···anion interactions. It also has beneficial effects on interfacial ion desolvation and Li+ transport. Furthermore, antisolvents also favor reducing the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the solvated clusters, and FSI- anions show a decreased reduction stability. Consequently, the influence of antisolvents on the interfacial chemical and electrochemical activities of solvation structures cannot be ignored. This finding introduces a new way to improve battery performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Wu
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiao Hu
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongmei Liang
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Beijing 100084, China
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47
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Lin Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Lin C, Chen S, Zhang Y. 98Ultra-stable Li||LiFePO4 batteries via advanced designing of localized high concentration electrolyte. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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48
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Non-flammable fluorobenzene-diluted highly concentrated electrolytes enable high-performance Li-metal and Li-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 619:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Hu Y, Fan L, Rao AM, Yu W, Zhuoma C, Feng Y, Qin Z, Zhou J, Lu B. Cyclic-anion salt for high-voltage stable potassium metal batteries. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac134. [PMID: 36196119 PMCID: PMC9522405 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolyte anions are critical for achieving high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries (PMBs). However, the common anions cannot simultaneously prevent the formation of ‘dead K’ and the corrosion of Al current collector, resulting in poor cycling stability. Here, we demonstrate cyclic anion of hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide-based electrolytes that can mitigate the ‘dead K’ and remarkably enhance the high-voltage stability of PMBs. Particularly, even using low salt concentration (0.8 M) and additive-free carbonate-based electrolytes, the PMBs with a high-voltage polyanion cathode (4.4 V) also exhibit excellent cycling stability of 200 cycles with a good capacity retention of 83%. This noticeable electrochemical performance is due to the highly efficient passivation ability of the cyclic anions on both anode and cathode surfaces. This cyclic-anion-based electrolyte design strategy is also suitable for lithium and sodium-metal battery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University , Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ling Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University , Changsha 410083, China
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson Nanomaterials Institute, Clemson University , Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Weijian Yu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University , Changsha 410083, China
| | - Caixiang Zhuoma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University , Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yanhong Feng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University , Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University , Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University , Changsha 410083, China
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50
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Yao N, Chen X, Fu ZH, Zhang Q. Applying Classical, Ab Initio, and Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics Simulations to the Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10970-11021. [PMID: 35576674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries have become indispensable implements in our daily life and are considered a promising technology to construct sustainable energy systems in the future. The liquid electrolyte is one of the most important parts of a battery and is extremely critical in stabilizing the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and constructing safe and long-life-span batteries. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing new electrolyte solvents, salts, additives, and recipes, where molecular dynamics (MD) simulations play an increasingly important role in exploring electrolyte structures, physicochemical properties such as ionic conductivity, and interfacial reaction mechanisms. This review affords an overview of applying MD simulations in the study of liquid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. First, the fundamentals and recent theoretical progress in three-class MD simulations are summarized, including classical, ab initio, and machine-learning MD simulations (section 2). Next, the application of MD simulations to the exploration of liquid electrolytes, including probing bulk and interfacial structures (section 3), deriving macroscopic properties such as ionic conductivity and dielectric constant of electrolytes (section 4), and revealing the electrode-electrolyte interfacial reaction mechanisms (section 5), are sequentially presented. Finally, a general conclusion and an insightful perspective on current challenges and future directions in applying MD simulations to liquid electrolytes are provided. Machine-learning technologies are highlighted to figure out these challenging issues facing MD simulations and electrolyte research and promote the rational design of advanced electrolytes for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong-Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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