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Hayashi K, McDermott GC, Juge PA, Moll M, Cho MH, Wang X, Paudel ML, Doyle TJ, Kinney GL, Sansone-Poe D, Young K, Dellaripa PF, Wallace ZS, Regan EA, Hunninghake GM, Silverman EK, Ash SY, San Jose Estepar R, Washko GR, Sparks JA. Rheumatoid arthritis and changes on spirometry by smoking status in two prospective longitudinal cohorts. RMD Open 2024; 10:e004281. [PMID: 38886003 PMCID: PMC11184187 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare longitudinal changes in spirometric measures between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA comparators. METHODS We analysed longitudinal data from two prospective cohorts: the UK Biobank and COPDGene. Spirometry was conducted at baseline and a second visit after 5-7 years. RA was identified based on self-report and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use; non-RA comparators reported neither. The primary outcomes were annual changes in the per cent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) and per cent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%). Statistical comparisons were performed using multivariable linear regression. The analysis was stratified based on baseline smoking status and the presence of obstructive pattern (FEV1/FVC <0.7). RESULTS Among participants who underwent baseline and follow-up spirometry, we identified 233 patients with RA and 37 735 non-RA comparators. Among never-smoking participants without an obstructive pattern, RA was significantly associated with more FEV1% decline (β=-0.49, p=0.04). However, in ever smokers with ≥10 pack-years, those with RA exhibited significantly less FEV1% decline than non-RA comparators (β=0.50, p=0.02). This difference was more pronounced among those with an obstructive pattern at baseline (β=1.12, p=0.01). Results were similar for FEV1/FVC decline. No difference was observed in the annual FVC% change in RA versus non-RA. CONCLUSIONS Smokers with RA, especially those with baseline obstructive spirometric patterns, experienced lower FEV1% and FEV1/FVC decline than non-RA comparators. Conversely, never smokers with RA had more FEV1% decline than non-RA comparators. Future studies should investigate potential treatments and the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases in smokers with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Hayashi
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory C McDermott
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre-Antoine Juge
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Moll
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Misti L Paudel
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracy J Doyle
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory L Kinney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Danielle Sansone-Poe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kendra Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul F Dellaripa
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary S Wallace
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gary M Hunninghake
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Raul San Jose Estepar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George R Washko
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Braun J, Sieper J, Märker-Hermann E. Looking back on 51 years of the Carol Nachman Prize in Rheumatology-significance for the field of spondyloarthritis research. Z Rheumatol 2024:10.1007/s00393-024-01496-w. [PMID: 38864856 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-024-01496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The city and casino of Wiesbaden, capital of the German state Hessen, have endowed the Carol Nachman Prize to promote research work in the field of rheumatology since 1972. The prize, endowed with 37,500 €, is the second highest medical award in Germany and serves to promote clinical, therapeutic, and experimental research work in the field of rheumatology. In June 2022, the 50-year anniversary was celebrated. In the symposium preceding the award ceremony, an overview was given on the significance of spondyloarthritis for the work of the awardees in the past 30 years. This overview has now been put together to inform the interested community of the work performed, including the opinion of the awardees regarding what they consider to be their most important contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Braun
- Rheumatologisches Versorgungszentrum Steglitz, Schloßstr. 110, 12163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joachim Sieper
- Rheumatologie am Campus Benjamin Franklin, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Oberemok VV, Andreeva O, Laikova K, Alieva E, Temirova Z. Rheumatoid Arthritis Has Won the Battle but Not the War: How Many Joints Will We Save Tomorrow? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1853. [PMID: 37893571 PMCID: PMC10608469 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis refers to joint diseases of unclear etiology whose final stages can lead to unbearable pain and complete immobility of the affected joints. As one of the most widely known diseases of the joints, it serves as a study target for a large number of research groups and pharmaceutical companies. Modern treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs, including janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and botanicals (polyphenols, glycosides, alkaloids, etc.) has achieved some success and hope for improving the course of the disease. However, existing drugs against RA have a number of side effects which push researchers to elaborate on more selective and effective drug candidates. The avant-garde of research, which aims to develop treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using antisense oligonucleotides along with nonsteroidal drugs and corticosteroids against inflammation, increases the chances of success and expands the arsenal of drugs. The primary goal in the treatment of this disease is to find therapies that allow patients with rheumatoid arthritis to move their joints without pain. The main purpose of this review is to show the victories and challenges for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the tortuous but promising path of research that aims to help patients experience the joy of freely moving joints without pain.
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Grants
- No. FZEG-2021-0009 Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, Institute of Biochemical Technologies, Ecology and Pharmacy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
- No. FZEG-2021-0009 Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, Institute of Biochemical Technologies, Ecology and Pharmacy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V. Oberemok
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, Institute of Biochemical Technologies, Ecology and Pharmacy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol 295007, Crimea; (O.A.); (K.L.); (E.A.); (Z.T.)
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Lewis JE, Reginald McDaniel H, Woolger JM, Khan SA. The Characterization of the Th1/Th2 Ratio in Moderate-Severe Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Its Response to an Aloe Polymannose-Based Dietary Supplement. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1723-1737. [PMID: 38007658 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading killer of Americans, imparting a tremendous societal toll. Relationships between immune function and inflammation with cognition are well-established in AD, but the Th1/Th2 ratio of immune function is unknown. Describing the Th1/Th2 ratio and its relationship with cognition may shed light on the disease's clinical context. How the Th1/Th2 ratio responds to dietary supplementation is another unknown question in this population. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to: 1) characterize the Th1/Th2 ratio according to IL-2/IL-10, IFN-γ/IL-10, IL-2/IL-4, IFN-γ/IL-4, IL-2/TNF-α, and IFN-γ/TNF-α in subjects with moderate-to-severe AD and in comparison to healthy adults; 2) investigate the effect of an aloe polymannose multinutrient complex (APMC) dietary supplement on the Th1/Th2 ratios over 12 months; and 3) compare the changes in the Th1/Th2 ratios with the changes in cognition from baseline to 12 months. METHODS Subjects consumed 2.5 g of the APMC four times per day for 12 months, and they were assessed on cognition and cytokines at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS The Th1/Th2 ratios in AD patients were significantly higher than the healthy controls, and five of the six ratios decreased from baseline to 12 months follow-up (other than IL-2/TNF-α). Several significant relationships were noted between the changes in Th1/Th2 ratios with cognitive assessments. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an overall rebalancing of the Th1/Th2 ratio in response to APMC, these changes were related to improved cognition in subjects with moderate-to-severe AD, and the APMC supplement was safely tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Judi M Woolger
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sher Ali Khan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Chang HD, Radbruch A, Kallinich T, Mashreghi MF, Hegazy AN, Kruglov A, Nedospasov S, Baumgrass R. [How T lymphocytes coordinate rheumatic inflammation]. Z Rheumatol 2022; 81:635-641. [PMID: 35380250 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Helper T (Th) cells play a decisive role in triggering and maintaining chronic rheumatic inflammation. Via secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of costimulatory cell surface molecules, Th lymphocytes coordinate the recruitment and activation of effector cells, which are ultimately responsible for the immunopathology and tissue destruction. However, therapeutic approaches aimed at eliminating Th cells were unsuccessful due to their lack of selectivity. At the German Rheumatism Research Center (Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, DRFZ), we are working to improve the understanding of the Th cells involved in chronic inflammatory reactions. Based on this understanding, our aim is to develop novel treatment strategies that selectively target the pathogenic Th lymphocytes causing rheumatic inflammation. The current article summarizes the DRFZ's research activities on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Institut für Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
- Klinik für Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Immunologie und Intensivmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
- Single Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies, Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ahmed N Hegazy
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Andrey Kruglov
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Sergei Nedospasov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russland
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russland
| | - Ria Baumgrass
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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Łysakowska ME, Szybka M, Olga B, Moskwa S, Konieczka M, Makowska J, Pastuszak-Lewandoska D. Cytokine and LL-37 gene expression levels in Bartonella spp. seropositive and seronegative patients of a rheumatology clinic. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:163-169. [PMID: 35279619 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The variation in the immune response to Bartonella spp. infection in humans remains unclear. The present study compares the expression of selected interleukins, cytokines and cathelicidin (LL-37) in rheumatology clinic patients suffering from musculoskeletal symptoms with healthy blood donors. The patients had previously been tested for the presence of Bartonella henselae antibodies. METHODS Gene expression of LL-37, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-(IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)-α was determined in blood samples using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Statistical analysis was prepared with STATISTICA. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in the mRNA levels of the tested cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12; p<0.0001) were observed between the healthy controls and patients; however, no difference was observed for LL37 mRNA (p = 0.1974). No significant differences in mRNA expression were observed between IgG in anti-Bartonella seropositive and seronegative individuals (p>0.05). The only significant differences between the Bartonella spp. DNA positive and negative patients, indicated by PCR, were observed for TNF-α and IL-12 mRNA (p = 0.0045 and p = 0.0255, respectively). CONCLUSION A broadly similar immune response to the tested cytokines was observed among the participants irrespective of anti-Bartonella spp. IgG seropositivity. However, the Bartonella DNA-positive participants demonstrated significantly lower expression of IL-12 and TNF-α mRNA; this may indicate that these bacteria have a suppressive influence on the immune system.
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7
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Iwaszko M, Biały S, Bogunia-Kubik K. Significance of Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in Inflammatory Arthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113000. [PMID: 34831223 PMCID: PMC8616130 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important immunomodulatory activities and exert influence on a wide variety of immune cells, such as B cells, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes. Recent studies have implicated IL-4 and IL-13 in the development of various autoimmune diseases. Additionally, these cytokines have emerged as potential players in pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Recent findings suggest that the IL-4 and IL-13 might play a significant role in the downregulation of inflammatory processes underlying RA pathology, and beneficially modulate the course of the disease. This review summarizes the biological features of the IL-4 and IL-13 and provides current knowledge regarding the role of these cytokines in inflammatory arthritis.
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Treatment of reactive arthritis with biological agents: a review. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222065. [PMID: 32039436 PMCID: PMC7033307 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of reactive arthritis (ReA) has not been fully elucidated. In recent years, many researchers have confirmed that multiple cytokines are involved in the occurrence and development of ReA. Although ReA is self-limiting, it is still incurable for some patients who have no or a weak response to traditional drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents. This is called refractory reactive arthritis. Currently, there is insufficient evidences for the treatment of refractory ReA with biological agents, though biological agents against cytokines have been developed over the past few years. This review summarizes the current development of clinical treatments of ReA with biological agents, which provides future investigations on refractory ReA with more evidence and references.
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Mellors T, Withers JB, Ameli A, Jones A, Wang M, Zhang L, Sanchez HN, Santolini M, Do Valle I, Sebek M, Cheng F, Pappas DA, Kremer JM, Curtis JR, Johnson KJ, Saleh A, Ghiassian SD, Akmaev VR. Clinical Validation of a Blood-Based Predictive Test for Stratification of Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/nsm.2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asher Ameli
- Scipher Medicine, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Jones
- Scipher Medicine, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lixia Zhang
- Scipher Medicine, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Marc Santolini
- Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Italo Do Valle
- Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Sebek
- Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dimitrios A. Pappas
- Division of Rheumatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- CORRONA, LCC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel M. Kremer
- CORRONA, LCC, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Albany Medical College, The Center for Rheumatology, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jeffery R. Curtis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Alif Saleh
- Scipher Medicine, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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Park YJ, Cho YR, Oh JS, Ahn EK. Effects of Tribulus terrestris on monosodium iodoacetate‑induced osteoarthritis pain in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5303-5311. [PMID: 28849084 PMCID: PMC5647062 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diuretic, lithontriptic, edema and urinary infections. Previous studies have indicated that it is effective in improving inflammation by regulating tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑10, nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX)‑2. However, the effects and mechanism of action of T. terrestris on osteoarthritis (OA) remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the ethanolic extract of T. terrestris (ETT) in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)‑induced OA animal model. OA was induced in LEW/SSNHSD rats by intra‑articular injection of MIA. Morphometric changes and parameters of the tibial trabecular bone were determined using micro‑computed tomography. The molecular mechanisms of ETT in OA were investigated using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and gelatin zymogram analysis. Treatment with ETT attenuated MIA‑induced OA, and this effect was mediated by the downregulation of NO synthase 2, COX‑2, TNF‑α and IL‑6. Furthermore, the ETT‑mediated attenuation of OA was also dependent on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases‑2 and ‑9. The results of the current study indicate that further evaluation of the mechanisms underlying the attenuation of MIA‑induced OA by ETT are required, and may support the development of ETT as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Park
- Bio‑center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443‑270, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rak Cho
- Bio‑center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443‑270, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 330‑714, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Bio‑center, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi 443‑270, Republic of Korea
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Ellagic acid alleviates adjuvant induced arthritis by modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:339-349. [PMID: 28450796 PMCID: PMC5382880 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, but it is now clear that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a central role in its pathogenesis. Ellagic acid (EA) has a variety of biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of ellagic acid on the prevention and/or treatment of adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) model in mice. Ellagic acid treatment was started one week before AIA induction and continued for three weeks after induction of AIA. Ellagic acid treatment significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited foot paw oedematous swelling and attenuated AIA-associated pathology. Ellagic acid significantly (p < 0.01) reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 17 (IL-17). However, serum levels of IL-10 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) significantly increased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), while serum level of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) did not significantly alter with EA treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that EA attenuated AIA-associated pathology in the mouse model by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Dampening Arthritis Progression. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3162743. [PMID: 27847522 PMCID: PMC5101398 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3162743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are able to immunomodulate cells from both the innate and the adaptive immune systems promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. During the last decade, MSCs have been intensively studied in vitro and in vivo in experimental animal model of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Based on these studies, MSCs are currently widely used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) characterized by complex deregulation of the immune systems. However, the therapeutic properties of MSCs in arthritis are still controverted. These controversies might be due to the diversity of MSC sources and isolation protocols used, the time, the route and dose of MSC administration, the variety of the mechanisms involved in the MSCs suppressive effects, and the complexity of arthritis pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the role of the interactions between MSCs and the different immune cells associated with arthritis pathogenesis and the possible means described in the literature that could enhance MSCs therapeutic potential counteracting arthritis development and progression.
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Association of Interleukin-2, but not Interferon-Gamma, single nucleotide polymorphisms with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:303-6. [PMID: 27040810 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of IL-2 and IFN-γ single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to JIA in an Iranian population. METHODS Genomic DNA of 54 Iranian patients with JIA and 139 healthy unrelated controls were typed for IL-2 (G/T at -330 and +166) as well as IFN-γ gene (A/T at +874), using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method, and compared between patients and controls. RESULTS A significantly higher frequency of the IL-2 -330 GG genotype (p<0.01) was found in the JIA patients compared to the controls. However, the GT genotype at the same position was notably lower than in controls (p<0.01). Moreover, IL-2 (-330, +166) GT haplotype was more frequent in patients with JIA in comparison with controls. No significant differences was observed between the two groups of case and control for IL-2 (G/T at +166) and IFN-γ (A/T at +874) SNPs. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggest that certain SNPs of IL-2 gene have association with individuals' susceptibility to JIA. However, further investigations are required to confirm the results of this study.
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Huang HW, Zuo C, Chen X, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Effect of tyrosine hydroxylase overexpression in lymphocytes on the differentiation and function of T helper cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:635-42. [PMID: 27315039 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the overexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of catecholamines (CAs), in lymphocytes on the differentiation and function of T helper (Th) cells. A recombinant TH overexpression plasmid (pEGFP-N1-TH) was constructed and transfected into mesenteric lymphocytes using nucleofection technology. These cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) for 48 h and then examined for TH expression and CA content, as well as for the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells, cytokine concentrations and for the levels of signaling molecules. The lymphocytes overexpressing TH also expressed higher mRNA and protein levels of TH, and synthesized more CAs, including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) than the mock-transfected control cells. TH gene overexpression in the lymphocytes reduced the percentage of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD4+ cells and the ratio of CD4+IFN-γ+/CD4+IL-4+ cells, as well as the percentages of CD4+CD26+ and CD4+CD30+ cells and the ratio of CD4+CD26+/CD4+CD30+ cells. TH overexpression also reduced the secretion of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from lymphocytes. Moreover, NE inhibited the Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation and decreased both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in the lymphocytes. Our findings thus indicate that TH gene overexpression promotes the polarization and differentiation of CD4+ cells towards Th2 cells, and this effect is mediated by the cAMP and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zuo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hua Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Kobayashi S, Watanabe T, Suzuki R, Furu M, Ito H, Ito J, Matsuda S, Yoshitomi H. TGF-β induces the differentiation of human CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2015; 46:360-71. [PMID: 26541894 PMCID: PMC5063156 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the ectopic lymphoid-like structures present in chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, a subset of human effector memory CD4(+) T cells that lacks features of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells produces CXCL13. Here, we report that TGF-β induces the differentiation of human CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells from naïve CD4(+) T cells. The TGF-β-induced CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells do not express CXCR5, B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), and other Tfh-cell markers. Furthermore, expression levels of CD25 (IL-2Rα) in CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells are significantly lower than those in FoxP3(+) in vitro induced Treg cells. Consistent with this, neutralization of IL-2 and knockdown of STAT5 clearly upregulate CXCL13 production by CD4(+) T cells, while downregulating the expression of FoxP3. Furthermore, overexpression of FoxP3 in naïve CD4(+) T cells downregulates CXCL13 production, and knockdown of FoxP3 fails to inhibit the differentiation of CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells. As reported in rheumatoid arthritis, proinflammatory cytokines enhance secondary CXCL13 production from reactivated CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells. Our findings demonstrate that CXCL13-producing CD4(+) T cells lacking Tfh-cell features differentiate via TGF-β signaling but not via FoxP3, and exert their function in IL-2-limited but TGF-β-rich and proinflammatory cytokine-rich inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shio Kobayashi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Furu
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juichi Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Gravallese EM, Monach PA. The rheumatoid joint. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Huang HW, Fang XX, Wang XQ, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Regulation of differentiation and function of helper T cells by lymphocyte-derived catecholamines via α₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:138-51. [PMID: 24800755 DOI: 10.1159/000360579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, we have reported that lymphocyte-derived endogenous catecholamines (CAs) facilitate a shift in the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance towards Th2. The purpose of this study was to explore the involvement of adrenoreceptors (ARs) in Th differentiation and function modulation by lymphocyte-derived CAs. METHODS Lymphocytes were separated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice, stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) and treated with pargyline, an inhibitor of CA degradation. RESULTS Pargyline downregulated the expression of Th1-relative factors, T-bet, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, but upregulated the expression of Th2-relative factors, GATA-3, IL-4 and IL-10. Pargyline reduced the percentage of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ cells and the CD4+IFN-γ+/CD4+IL-4+ cell ratio, although it did not alter the proportion of IL-4-producing CD4+ cells. In addition, the percentage of CD4+CD26+ T cells and the CD4+CD26+/CD4+CD30+ cell ratio were also reduced in the pargyline-treated group. Furthermore, Con A-activated T cells treated with pargyline produced a lower level of IFN-γ and a higher level of IL-4 than the control group. All these effects were blocked by the α1-AR antagonist corynanthine or the β2-AR antagonist ICI 118551, but not by the α2-AR antagonist yohimbine or β1-AR antagonist atenolol. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that lymphocyte-derived CAs promote polarization of differentiation and function towards Th2 cells and that this effect is mediated by α1-AR and β2-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Fricke S, Pfefferkorn C, Wolf D, Riemschneider S, Kohlschmidt J, Hilger N, Fueldner C, Knauer J, Sack U, Emmrich F, Lehmann J. Characterization of the murine myeloid precursor cell line MuMac-E8. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113743. [PMID: 25546418 PMCID: PMC4278753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting point for the present work was the assumption that the cell line MuMac-E8 represents a murine cell population with stem cell properties. Preliminary studies already pointed to the expression of stem-cell associated markers and a self-regenerative potential of the cells. The cell line MuMac-E8 should be examined for their differential stage within stem cell hierarchy. MuMac-E8 cells were derived from a chimeric mouse model of arthritis. It could be shown that MuMac-E8 cells express mRNA of some genes associated with pluripotent stem cells (Nanog, Nucleostemin), of genes for hematopoietic markers (EPCR, Sca-1, CD11b, CD45), for the mesenchymal marker CD105 and of genes for the neural markers Pax-6 and Ezrin. In methylcellulose and May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining, hematopoietic colonies were obtained but the hematopoietic system of lethally irradiated mice could not be rescued. Osteogenic differentiation was not detectable. Thus, it became evident that MuMac-E8 represents not a stem cell line. However, MuMac-E8 cells expressed several myeloid surface markers (i.e. CD11b, F4/80, CD14, CD64), showed phagocytosis and is capable of producing nitric oxide. Thus, this cell line seems to be arrested an advanced stage of myeloid differentiation. Adherence data measured by impedance-based real-time cell analysis together with cell morphology data suggested that MuMac-E8 represents a new macrophage precursor cell line exhibiting weak adherence. This cell line is suitable as an in-vitro model for testing of macrophage functions. Moreover, it might be also useful for differentiation or reprogramming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Doris Wolf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sina Riemschneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Kohlschmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Hilger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Fueldner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Knauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Emmrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Eliçabe RJ, Genaro MSD. Immunopathogenesis of reactive arthritis: Role of the cytokines. World J Immunol 2014; 4:78-87. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v4.i2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive arthritis (ReA), also known as sterile postinfectious arthritis, belongs to the group of related arthropathies known as spondyloarthritis (SpA). ReA can arise 1-4 wk after a gastrointestinal or genitourinary infection, but once arthritis develops, the microorganism is not found in the joint. The classical microbes associated with ReA development include Gram-negative aerobic or microaerophilic bacteria containing LPS in their outer membrane. The immunopathogenic mechanisms involved in ReA development are still unknown. A hypothesis suggested that the bacteria probably persist outside the joint, at sites such as gut mucosa or lymph nodes, and bacterial antigens might then be transported to the joints. On the other hand, an altered immune response and the unbalanced production of cytokines have been reported in subjects with ReA. Currently, there is increased evidence to suggest that both mechanisms would operate in the immunopathogenesis of ReA. In this review we highlight recent advances on the role of cytokines in the ReA. Particularly, we discuss the roles of some pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines involved in the immunopathogenesis of ReA.
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Kato T, Kiire A, Yamagata H, Yamanaka H, Kamatani N. Hypersensitivity reaction against influenza vaccine in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis after the initiation of etanercept injections. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-006-0509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Pinto M, Carmo AM. CD6 as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases: successes and challenges. BioDrugs 2013; 27:191-202. [PMID: 23568178 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-013-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane surface glycoprotein CD6 was one of the first antigens identified on T lymphocytes. The recognition of its involvement in T-cell signaling processes heralds the potential of CD6 as a target for therapy in a number of pathologies associated with imbalances in T-cell function. Its tissue distribution, cellular expression, and overall molecular structure are well described, and the interaction with its physiological ligand CD166 has been determined to the amino-acid level. Nevertheless, the involvement of CD6 in signaling pathways remains poorly characterized and its biological function is controversial; still unresolved are whether CD6 is a co-stimulatory molecule in T-cell activation or, similar to the related CD5 antigen, a modulator of intracellular signaling. Here we revisit the earliest attempts of modulating immune function using CD6 monoclonal antibodies, and review the current thinking behind the recent developments in immunotherapy targeting CD6. Notwithstanding the promises and hopes brought by monoclonals already in clinical trials, the fact is that very little is known about the mechanism of action of these reagents, whether they enhance the physiological role of the receptor or whether they may induce a completely novel biochemical response that might, nevertheless, be beneficially used to treat human immune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Pinto
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
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Yuan Y, Yang B, Ye Z, Zhang M, Yang X, Xin C, Lin M, Huang P. Sceptridium ternatum extract exerts antiasthmatic effects by regulating Th1/Th2 balance and the expression levels of leukotriene receptors in a mouse asthma model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:701-706. [PMID: 23933317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Sceptridium ternatum Lyon (ST), a common Chinese herb, has been used in treatment of allergic asthma and whooping cough. In the present study, we investigated the Th1/Th2 ratio of peripheral blood and mRNA levels of leukotriene receptors after the treatment of ST in allergic asthma mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse asthma model was developed by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization followed by the inhalation of aerosol allergen. Montelukast (10mg/kg), as a positive control drug, and ST were administrated six days before the OVA sensitization for ten days. Airway responsiveness was evaluated by the Medlab 12.0 biological signal processing system. The ratio of Th1/Th2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. The expression level of Cyslt1 was measured by PCR. Pathological changes of lung tissues were examined by H&E staining. RESULTS ST significantly reduced the airway responsiveness, elevated the ratio of Th1/Th2, and decreased Cyslt1 mRNA level in a dose-dependent manner. High-dose ST distinctly prevented the pathological changes of lung tissues. CONCLUSION High-dose ST had the same efficacy as Montelukast in a mouse asthma model, and ST could be a potential anti-asthmatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou 310012, China
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Tillmann T, Krishnadas R, Cavanagh J, Petrides KV. Possible rheumatoid arthritis subtypes in terms of rheumatoid factor, depression, diagnostic delay and emotional expression: an exploratory case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R45. [PMID: 23517876 PMCID: PMC3672797 DOI: 10.1186/ar4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly as vulnerable personality types are exposed to chronic stress. Emotions are powerful modulators of stress responses. However, little is known about whether patients with RA process emotions differently to matched controls. In this study we: 1) assessed whether the trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) scores of patients with RA differ from healthy controls at the facet level; 2) explored any subgroups in RA, in terms of trait EI and common risk factors. Methods A total of 637 patients with RA were compared to 496 controls on the trait EI Questionnaire (TEIQue). RA subgroups were explored in terms of trait EI, rheumatoid factor status (RF+/-), depression and time from onset of symptoms until diagnosis (diagnostic delay). Results The RA group rated themselves lower on Adaptability, Stress-management, Emotion management, Self-esteem, Sociability, Assertiveness, Impulsiveness and Well-being, and higher on Empathy and Relationships than healthy controls. The RF- subtype reported more time with depression (25.2 vs. 11.3 months), a longer diagnostic delay (3.0 vs. 1.7 years), and greater emotional expression (5.15 vs. 4.72), than the RF+ subtype. These differences were significant at the P <0.05 level, but not following strict Bonferroni corrections and should therefore be treated as indicative only. RF- patients with a longer diagnostic delay reported depression lasting three times longer (42.7 months), when compared to three other subtypes (11.0 to 12.7 months). Conclusions RA patients and controls differ in their emotion-related personality traits, as operationalized by trait EI. These differences may make people with RA more susceptible to chronic stress and HPA-axis dysregulation. RA may be a highly heterogeneous illness where at least two subtypes may be characterized by personality, psychiatric and immunological differences. RF- status, as well as diagnostic delay and emotional expression, may predict future risk of depression. Research on the causes of RA could benefit from a systems science approach.
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Rathi B, Bodhankar S, Mohan V, Thakurdesai P. Ameliorative Effects of a Polyphenolic Fraction of Cinnamomum zeylanicum L. Bark in Animal Models of Inflammation and Arthritis. Sci Pharm 2013; 81:567-89. [PMID: 23833722 PMCID: PMC3700084 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1301-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Syn C. verum, family: Lauraceae) is one of the oldest traditional medicines for inflammatory- and pain-related disorders. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the polyphenol fraction from Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (CPP) in animal models of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Dose-response studies of CPP (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) used in a separate set of in vivo experiments were conducted in acute (carrageenan-induced rat paw edema), subacute (cotton pellet-induced granuloma), and sub-chronic (AIA, adjuvant-induced established polyarthrtis) models of inflammation in rats and the acetic acid-induced writhing model of pain in mice. Effects of CPP on cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, and IFNγ) release from Concanavalin (ConA)-stimulated lymphocytes were also evaluated in vitro. CPP showed a strong and dose-dependent reduction in paw volume, weight loss reversal effects against carrageenan-induced paw edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models in rats. CPP (200 mg/kg p.o. for 10 days) showed a significant reduction in elevated serum TNF-α concentration without causing gastric ulcerogenicity in the AIA model in rats. CPP also demonstrated mild analgesic effects during acute treatment as evidenced by the reduction in the writhing and paw withdrawal threshold of the inflamed rat paw during the acetic acid-induced writhing model and Randall-Selitto test. CPP was found to inhibit cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, and IFNγ) release from ConA-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. In conclusion, CPP demonstrated prominent action in animal models of inflammation and arthritis and therefore can be considered as a potential anti-rheumatic agent with disease-modifying action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badal Rathi
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune- 411 038, India
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Henriques A, Gomes V, Duarte C, Pedreiro S, Carvalheiro T, Areias M, Caseiro A, Gabriel AJ, Laranjeira P, Pais ML, da Silva JAP, Paiva A. Distribution and functional plasticity of peripheral blood Th(c)17 and Th(c)1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2093-9. [PMID: 23412693 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With the discovery of Th17 cells, it became unclear whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a Th1-mediated and/or a Th17-mediated disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the pro-inflammatory function of IL-17-producing T cell subsets (Th(c)17) in RA. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on peripheral blood from RA patients with inactive or low disease activity (LDA, n = 19) and moderate to high disease activity (HDA, n = 13) to analyze the number and functional activity of Th(c)17 and Th(c)1 cell subsets according to the frequency of IL-2-, TNF-α- and IFN-γ-producers cells, as well as, their cytokine amount. Additionally, 13 age-matched healthy volunteers were added to the study. Our data point to a slight increase in Tc17 frequency in RA patients, more evident in HDA, and a higher ability of Th17 to produce IL-17, whereas a lower production of TNF-α was noted either in Th17 or Tc17 cells, particularly from HDA. A similar decrease was observed in Th(c)1 for almost all studied pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the exception of IL-2, which was increased in Tc1 from LDA patients. Analysing the proportion of pro-inflammatory cytokines-producing cells, a polarization to a Tc1 phenotype seemed to occur in CD8 T cells, while CD4 T cells appear to be decreased in their frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells. Taken together, the functional plasticity features of Th17 and Tc17 cells suggest a particular contribution to the local cytokine production, pointing an underestimated role, namely of Tc1 and Tc17 cells, in the RA pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Henriques
- Centro do Sangue e da Transplantação de Coimbra, Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação, Edifício São Jerónimo, 4º Piso Praceta Mota Pinto, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
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Hussein YM, El-Shal AS, Rezk NA, Abdel Galil SM, Alzahrani SS. Influence of interleukin-4 gene polymorphisms and interleukin-4 serum level on susceptibility and severity of rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptian population. Cytokine 2013; 61:849-55. [PMID: 23394902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease in which interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays an important role. This study aimed to investigate the influence of IL-4 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) and IL-4-590 promoter polymorphisms on RA susceptibility, activity and severity in Egyptian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seventy-two RA patients and 172 controls were enrolled in this study. IL-4 VNTR and IL-4-590 promoter polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum IL-4 and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCPs) antibody concentrations were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Subjects with IL-4-590 TT genotype were significantly more likely to develop RA. IL-4 VNTR 1/1 genotype, IL-4-590 TT and CT genotypes were significantly more associated with erosive RA and positive anti-CCP antibody. RA severity parameters were significantly increased, while, IL-4 level was significantly decreased in RA patients with IL-4 VNTR 1/1 and IL-4-590 TT genotypes. Only patients with IL-4-590 TT genotype showed a significant increase of all RA activity parameters. CONCLUSION IL-4 VNTR and IL-4-590 promoter polymorphisms may be helpful for assessing RA severity in Egyptian population. Moreover, IL-4-590 promoter polymorphism may be associated with increased risk and activity of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousri M Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Huang HW, Tang JL, Han XH, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Lymphocyte-derived catecholamines induce a shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization. Neuroimmunomodulation 2013; 20:1-8. [PMID: 23095308 DOI: 10.1159/000343099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our previous work has shown that lymphocytes synthesize and secrete catecholamines (CAs), which regulate lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis. In the present study, we explored the effect of the lymphocyte-derived CAs on differentiation and function of T helper (Th) cells. METHODS Lymphocytes were separated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice and stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A). These cells were treated with alpha-methyl-p- tyrosine (α-MT), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) that is a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of CAs, and pargyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase that degrades CAs. RESULTS Treatment of Con A-stimulated lymphocytes with α-MT (10(-6) M) reduced CAs both in the cultured lymphocytes and in the culture supernatants. Simultaneously, α-MT upregulated expression of mRNAs and proteins of T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) but downregulated expression of mRNAs and proteins of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in Con A-activated lymphocytes. In contrast, pargyline (10(-6) M) increased intracellular and supernatant CA contents in Con A-activated lymphocytes. Meanwhile, the treatment with pargyline downregulated expression of T-bet and IFN-γ but upregulated expression of GATA-3 and IL-4 in these lymphocytes. CONCLUSION CAs synthesized and secreted by lymphocytes regulate differentiation and function of Th cells, with an effect facilitating the shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
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Tang YW, Graham BS. Potential for Directing Appropriate Responses to Vaccines by Cytokine Manipulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03259330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dong W, Zhu P. Functional niche of inflamed synovium for Th17-cell expansion and activation in rheumatoid arthritis: Implication to clinical therapeutics. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 11:844-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Karonitsch T, von Dalwigk K, Steiner CW, Blüml S, Steiner G, Kiener HP, Smolen JS, Aringer M. Interferon signals and monocytic sensitization of the interferon-γ signaling pathway in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:400-8. [PMID: 21953607 DOI: 10.1002/art.33347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both type I interferons (IFNα and IFNβ) and type II IFN (IFNγ) signal via pSTAT-1. Immunohistochemistry and the gene expression signatures of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue suggest an activated IFN/STAT-1 signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to determine the systemic activity of the IFN/STAT-1 signaling pathway in the peripheral blood cells of patients with RA. METHODS Fluorocytometry or quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of STAT-1, pSTAT-1, and IFN-inducible genes (monokine induced by interferon-γ [MIG], interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 [IP-10], and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase [OAS]) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and purified CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes of patients with RA and healthy control subjects. PBMCs were also incubated for 48 hours with IFNs and several other cytokines to investigate influences on STAT-1 levels. To examine the significance of STAT-1 activation in RA monocytes after stimulation with IFNγ, the expression of pSTAT-1 and of the IFNγ-inducible chemokine MIG was measured using fluorocytometry. RESULTS Levels of STAT-1 were significantly increased in peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes from patients with RA compared with those from healthy control subjects. STAT-1 levels correlated well with RA disease activity, as measured by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints and the Clinical Disease Activity Index. Furthermore, STAT-1 messenger RNA expression in RA CD14+ monocytes correlated with the expression of other IFN-target genes, such as IP-10, OAS, or MIG. In RA PBMCs, STAT-1 expression was increased not only by IFNs but also by tumor necrosis factor. RA monocytes demonstrated a considerably higher increase in pSTAT-1 and MIG levels upon IFNγ stimulation when compared with monocytes from control subjects, indicating that RA monocytes are more sensitive to IFNγ stimulation. CONCLUSION In addition to supporting the role of IFNs in systemic proinflammatory activity, the results of this study further suggest preactivation of the IFNγ/STAT-1 signaling pathway, especially in RA monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karonitsch
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Lee SY, Yu JI, Chae SC. Associations of IFITM3 haplotypes with rheumatoid arthritis in a Korean population. Genes Genomics 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sakaguchi S, Benham H, Cope AP, Thomas R. T‐cell receptor signaling and the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis: insights from mouse and man. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:277-87. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Suita Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Helen Benham
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, King's College London London UK
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Schurgers E, Billiau A, Matthys P. Collagen-induced arthritis as an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis: focus on interferon-γ. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:917-26. [PMID: 21905879 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease causing inflammation, destruction, and deformity of the joints, affects around 1% of the world population. It is a systemic disease as patients exhibit extra-articular manifestations as well. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice is one of the many animal models used to study possible pathogenic mechanisms of RA. It involves immunizing mice with collagen type II in complete Freund's adjuvant. Here we briefly review the general characteristics of RA and CIA and present an overview of data obtained by studying CIA in several gene knockout mice. In particular, detailed analysis of CIA in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) receptor-deficient mice has pin-pointed IFN-γ as an important cytokine in the pathogenesis and has exposed new functions of IFN-γ in immunological processes. Pilot trials with exogenous IFN-γ in RA have been indicative of a beneficial effect. That improvement of the disease symptoms by IFN-γ treatment was not spectacular may be explained by the fact that RA is a heterogeneous disease in which the severity of the autoimmune disease is strongly determined by environmental factors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Receptors, Interferon/immunology
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Schurgers
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Krause ML, Davis JM, Knutson KL, Strausbauch MA, Strausbach MA, Crowson CS, Therneau TM, Wettstein PJ, Matteson EL, Gabriel SE. Assessing immune function by profiling cytokine release from stimulated blood leukocytes and the risk of infection in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2011; 141:67-72. [PMID: 21703930 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer a high burden of infections, but currently no biomarkers are available to identify individuals at greatest risk. A prospective longitudinal study was therefore conducted to determine the association between the responsiveness of ex vivo cytokine production and 6-month risk of infections. Infections were identified by billing codes and validated by medical record review. At baseline, the release of 17 cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to stimulation, or media alone, was measured using multiplexed cytokine analysis. Production of IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF, induced by various conditions, was significantly associated with the occurrence of infections. A multivariable prediction model based on these data provided new information on the risk of infection beyond standard assessments of disease activity, severity, and treatment. Future studies could utilize this information to devise new biomarkers for the prediction of infection in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Krause
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Effector T cells in rheumatoid arthritis: Lessons from animal models. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3649-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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The rheumatoid joint. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Church LD, Filer AD, Hidalgo E, Howlett KA, Thomas AMC, Rapecki S, Scheel-Toellner D, Buckley CD, Raza K. Rheumatoid synovial fluid interleukin-17-producing CD4 T cells have abundant tumor necrosis factor-alpha co-expression, but little interleukin-22 and interleukin-23R expression. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R184. [PMID: 20929536 PMCID: PMC2991017 DOI: 10.1186/ar3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Th17 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to systematically analyse the phenotype, cytokine profile and frequency of interleukin-17 (IL-17) producing CD4-positive T cells in mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood, synovial fluid and synovial tissue of RA patients with established disease, and to correlate cell frequencies with disease activity. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to analyse the phenotype and cytokine production of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood (PBMC) (n = 44), synovial fluid (SFMC) (n = 14) and synovium (SVMC) (n = 10) of RA patients and PBMC of healthy controls (n = 13). RESULTS The frequency of IL-17-producing CD4 T cells was elevated in RA SFMC compared with RA PBMC (P = 0.04). However, the frequency of this population in RA SVMC was comparable to that in paired RA PBMC. The percentage of IL-17-producing CD4 T cells coexpressing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was significantly increased in SFMC (P = 0.0068). The frequency of IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells was also significantly higher in SFMC than paired PBMC (P = 0.042). The majority of IL-17-producing CD4 T cells coexpressed IFNγ. IL-17-producing CD4 T cells in RA PBMC and SFMC exhibited very little IL-22 or IL-23R coexpression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a modest enrichment of IL-17-producing CD4 T cells in RA SFMC compared to PBMC. Th17 cells in SFMC produce more TNFα than their PBMC counterparts, but are not a significant source of IL-22 and do not express IL-23R. However, the percentage of CD4 T cells which produce IL-17 in the rheumatoid joint is low, suggesting that other cells may be alternative sources of IL-17 within the joints of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh D Church
- Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew D Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Esther Hidalgo
- Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katherine A Howlett
- Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew MC Thomas
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | | | - Dagmar Scheel-Toellner
- Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
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Nakatsukasa H, Tsukimoto M, Tokunaga A, Kojima S. Repeated gamma irradiation attenuates collagen-induced arthritis via up-regulation of regulatory T cells but not by damaging lymphocytes directly. Radiat Res 2010; 174:313-24. [PMID: 20726718 DOI: 10.1667/rr2121.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that repeated 0.5-Gy gamma irradiation attenuates the pathology of collagen-induced arthritis. In this study, to investigate the mechanism further, we focused on changes in Treg/Th17 cells and changes in the production of antibody against an external antigen in response to gamma irradiation as well as on the radiosensitivity of Treg cells. DBA/1J mice were immunized with type II collagen to induce arthritis and exposed to low-dose gamma rays (0.5 Gy/week for 5 weeks). Production of IL6 and IL17 as well as autoantibody was suppressed by irradiation in the early phase of collagen-induced arthritis. The percentage of Treg cells was significantly increased by irradiation at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after the immunization. We also investigated the effect of repeated gamma radiation on the production of antibodies against an external antigen in ovalbumin-immunized BALB/c mice. We found that repeated 0.5-Gy gamma irradiation enhanced antibody production, accompanied by an increase of the antibody-producing plasma cell population and increased Th2-type cytokine secretion. We also found that the radiosensitivity of Treg cells did not differ from that of other T cells. These results suggest that a major mechanism of attenuation of the pathology of collagen-induced arthritis by repeated 0.5-Gy gamma irradiation is up-regulation of Treg cells concomitantly with suppression of IL6 and IL17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Viardot A, Lord RV, Samaras K. The effects of weight loss and gastric banding on the innate and adaptive immune system in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:2845-50. [PMID: 20375213 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity-related chronic inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the effects of weight loss on immune cells in T2D and prediabetes. DESIGN AND SETTING Thirteen obese subjects with T2D or prediabetes underwent 24 wk dietary energy restriction with gastric banding surgery at 12 wk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures included weight, waist, and insulin resistance; surface activation marker expression on circulating immune cells; T-helper cell polarization: type 1 (Th1), type 2 (Th2); adipose tissue macrophage number and activation in sc and visceral adipose tissue. RESULTS Mean total weight loss was 13.5%. There were significant decreases in expression of proinflammatory activation markers: granulocyte CD11b, monocyte CD66b, and T cell CD69 and CD25. Proinflammatory Th1 cell numbers fell by greater than 80%, as did the Th1 to Th2 ratio. The fall in Th1 to Th2 ratio related to weight (P < 0.05) and waist loss (P < 0.05). Reduction in immune cell activation was more pronounced in subjects with prediabetes. Weight and abdominal fat loss were predicted by lower activation of adipose tissue macrophage in sc and visceral adipose tissue (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Energy restriction before and after gastric banding attenuates activation of circulating immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system in T2D and prediabetes. The role of immune cells in the chronic inflammation of obesity and T2D requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viardot
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney-Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
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Association of polymorphisms in the human IL-10 and IL-18 genes with rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:379-85. [PMID: 20424918 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokine and increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine was observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been demonstrated to suppress joint swelling and deformation in RA animal model. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a widely distributed pro-inflammatory cytokine, induces the production of IFN-γ, activate NK cells, and promote inflammation. Recent studies demonstrated that the serum IL-10 and IL-18 levels may be influenced by genetics and related to susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. In the present study, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing techniques, we analyzed the genotype and allele distributions of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) loci in the promoter region of IL-10 and IL-18 genes (IL-10-592 A/C and IL-18-607 A/C loci, respectively). Our results indicated that IL-10-592 allelic and genotypic frequencies were significantly different between the RA patients and normal subjects (P<0.05). In addition, significant differences of IL-10-592 allelic and genotypic frequencies were also detected between the patients with or without anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) (P<0.05). In contrast, allelic and genotypic frequencies of IL-18-607 did not show significant difference between RA patients and normal subjects (P>0.05) or between anti-CCP-positive and anti-CCP-negative RA patients (P>0.05). Furthermore, ELISA detection of IL-10 and IL-18 serum levels revealed that the genotype of IL-10-592 was associated with IL-10 serum level (P<0.05), but the genotype and allele frequency of IL-18-607 was not associated with IL-18 serum level (P>0.05). Taken together, our findings provide new insight for the polymorphism of IL-10 gene in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Lee WY, Chang YH, Lo MK, Chang CP, Yang SC, Yang TP, Ho KT, Juan CW, Shiau MY. Polymorphisms of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 and cytokine genes in Taiwanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 75:119-26. [PMID: 20030788 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines, costimulatory and counter-regulatory molecules play important roles in the regulation of inflammatory response, and are good candidates involved in the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This study investigated the genotypic distribution of proinflammatory cytokines and T-cell negative regulator cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in healthy subjects and AS patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from 143 AS patients and 166 ethnic-matched healthy subjects. Nine polymorphisms within the genes of interleukin-4 (IL-4) (-34T>C, -81A>G, -285C>T and -589T>C), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (-174G>C), interleukin-10 (IL-10) (-592A>C and -819T>C) and CTLA-4 (-318C>T and +49A>G) were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Significantly less AS patients carried the CTLA-4 high-expressing -318 T allele (P = 0.040). The CTLA-4 +49A>G genotypes were associated with circulatory levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.022). Our study documented the most complete genetic information of Taiwanese AS patients. The observations that CTLA-4 +49A>G genotypes are associated with circulatory CRP levels and significantly less AS subjects carrying CTLA-4 higher-secretor -318 T allele suggest the level and regulation of inflammation in AS subjects may be pre-determined by and associated with CTLA-4 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dajia Lee's General Hospital, Lee's Medical Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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HAMDI W, OGAWARA H, HANDA H, TSUKAMOTO N, MURAKAMI H. Clinical significance of Th1/Th2 ratio in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Int J Lab Hematol 2009; 31:630-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2008.01090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tarantino G, Sabatini P, Soriente I, Amato P, Sangiolo M, Riccio A. Circulating Levels of Interferon-γ in Course of Hepatitis C Virus-Related Arthritis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2009; 29:389-92. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2008.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Tarantino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - P. Sabatini
- U.O.C. Patologia Clinica D.E.A. II Umberto I, A.S.L. SA 1, Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - I. Soriente
- U.O.C. Patologia Clinica D.E.A. II Umberto I, A.S.L. SA 1, Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - P. Amato
- Dipartimento di Medicina, A.S.L. SA 1, Nocera Inferiore, Italy
| | - M.G. Sangiolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Riccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
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Knieke K, Hoff H, Maszyna F, Kolar P, Schrage A, Hamann A, Debes GF, Brunner-Weinzierl MC. CD152 (CTLA-4) determines CD4 T cell migration in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5702. [PMID: 19479036 PMCID: PMC2682661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration of antigen-experienced T cells to secondary lymphoid organs and the site of antigenic-challenge is a mandatory prerequisite for the precise functioning of adaptive immune responses. The surface molecule CD152 (CTLA-4) is mostly considered as a negative regulator of T cell activation during immune responses. It is currently unknown whether CD152 can also influence chemokine-driven T cell migration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed the consequences of CD152 signaling on Th cell migration using chemotaxis assays in vitro and radioactive cell tracking in vivo. We show here that the genetic and serological inactivation of CD152 in Th1 cells reduced migration towards CCL4, CXCL12 and CCL19, but not CXCL9, in a G-protein dependent manner. In addition, retroviral transduction of CD152 cDNA into CD152 negative cells restored Th1 cell migration. Crosslinking of CD152 together with CD3 and CD28 stimulation on activated Th1 cells increased expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR7, which in turn enhanced cell migration. Using sensitive liposome technology, we show that mature dendritic cells but not activated B cells were potent at inducing surface CD152 expression and the CD152-mediated migration-enhancing signals. Importantly, migration of CD152 positive Th1 lymphocytes in in vivo experiments increased more than 200% as compared to CD152 negative counterparts showing that indeed CD152 orchestrates specific migration of selected Th1 cells to sites of inflammation and antigenic challenge in vivo. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We show here, that CD152 signaling does not just silence cells, but selects individual ones for migration. This novel activity of CD152 adds to the already significant role of CD152 in controlling peripheral immune responses by allowing T cells to localize correctly during infection. It also suggests that interference with CD152 signaling provides a tool for altering the cellular composition at sites of inflammation and antigenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Knieke
- Experimentelle Pädiatrie, Universitätskinderklinik – Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin and Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinischer Immunologie, CCM, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Hoff
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin and Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinischer Immunologie, CCM, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Maszyna
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin and Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinischer Immunologie, CCM, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Kolar
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin and Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinischer Immunologie, CCM, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnhild Schrage
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin and Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinischer Immunologie, CCM, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alf Hamann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin and Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinischer Immunologie, CCM, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun F. Debes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Monika C. Brunner-Weinzierl
- Experimentelle Pädiatrie, Universitätskinderklinik – Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin and Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinischer Immunologie, CCM, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Machado P, Santos A, Pereira C, Loureiro C, Silva J, Chieira C, Malcata A. Increased prevalence of allergic sensitisation in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anti-TNFalpha. Joint Bone Spine 2009; 76:508-13. [PMID: 19467899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has emerged as a therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory disorders characterised by a Th1 type immune response, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The presence of allergic disease in these patients could be influenced both by the presence of RA and anti-TNFalpha therapy. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of sensitisation to airborne allergens and allergic disease in RA patients, with and without anti-TNFalpha treatment. METHODS RA patients with (N=20) and without (N=20) anti-TNFalpha therapy (groups T and R) were enrolled. Healthy controls (N=60, group C) were randomly selected from the general population. All participants answered a standardised questionnaire to assess the prevalence of allergic disease and had skin prick tests (SPT) with a standard panel of airborne allergen extracts. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the prevalence of positive SPT between groups T and R (70% vs 35%, p=0.027) and groups T and C (70% vs 36.7%, p=0.009), but not between groups R and C. The prevalence of allergic disease was similar in the three groups. Groups T and R had similar gender and age distribution, disease duration, disease activity score (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Increased prevalence of sensitisation to airborne allergens in RA patients treated with anti-TNFalpha was found. The clinical impact of the positive SPT following anti-TNFalpha initiation has now to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Machado
- Rheumatology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Varaprasad CVNS, Ramasamy KS, Hong Z. Synthesis of some monocyclic-N-acetyl 4′-aza-D-nucleosides. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570430212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dobbs NA, Odeh AN, Sun X, Simecka JW. THE MULTIFACETED ROLE OF T CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN PATHOGENESIS AND RESISTANCE TO MYCOPLASMA RESPIRATORY DISEASE. CURRENT TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 10:1-19. [PMID: 21743780 PMCID: PMC3131222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma respiratory diseases have a significant impact on the economy, health and wildlife. The hallmark of these diseases is the persistence of the mycoplasma infections and chronic inflammatory responses associated with the airways. There is still much that needs to be understood about the immune mechanisms involved in mycoplasma disease and resistance from infection. It is clear that immune responses can contribute to the generation of inflammatory lesions in mycoplasma respiratory disease, as well as provide protection from infection and extrapulmonary dissemination of the organisms. The evolution of this lung disease is under the control innate immune mechanisms and the contrasting effects of different T cell populations. The mechanisms of immunity involved in mycoplasma diseases are multifaceted, and a fascinating story of its complexity is being uncovered. Research in mycoplasma respiratory diseases have underscored the idea that immunity along the respiratory tract against infectious agents is a dynamic process and involves a network of cellular and cytokine signals that determine the type of responses generated, and ultimately, the outcome of infection. The aim of this article is to present on overview of our work on mycoplasma disease and immunity, focusing on the interactions and regulation of T cell responses that influence disease pathogenesis. We will first provide an overview of immune mechanisms involved in controlling infection and participate in the generation of T cell responses, and the role of T cell populations in generating protection and contributing to lesion development will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Dobbs
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
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Transduction of the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 inhibits TcR-specific activation signals and prevents collagen-induced arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:19875-80. [PMID: 19066215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805198105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 (CD152) negatively regulates T cell activation signaling, and the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 (ctCTLA-4) itself has the capacity to inhibit T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the inhibitory mechanisms of the cell-permeable recombinant protein Hph-1-ctCTLA-4 on T cell activation and its ability to prevent collagen-induced arthritis were analyzed. Hph-1-ctCTLA-4 prevented human and mouse T cell activation and proliferation by inhibition of T cell receptor-proximal signaling and the arrest of the cell cycle. Furthermore, Hph-1-ctCTLA-4 protected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from the human CTL allo-response. The incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis were significantly reduced and the erosion of cartilage and bone was effectively prevented by i.v. injection and transdermal administration of Hph-1-ctCTLA-4. Inflammatory cytokine production (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-17A) and collagen-specific antibody levels were significantly reduced, and the numbers of activated T cells and infiltrating granulocytes were substantially decreased. These results demonstrate that systemic or transdermal application of a cell-permeable form of the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 offers an effective therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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50
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Hassan MQ, Saini S, Gordon JAR, van Wijnen AJ, Montecino M, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Molecular switches involving homeodomain proteins, HOXA10 and RUNX2 regulate osteoblastogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2008; 189:122-5. [PMID: 18701816 DOI: 10.1159/000151453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteoinductive BMP2 signal facilitates commitment to the osteoblast phenotype by inducing several classes of early response genes. Among these are bone-related HOX factors, homeodomain, RUNX and OSTERIX proteins. Here we demonstrate molecular events among BMP2-induced transcription factors that constitute a network of molecular switches on promoters of bone-related genes to coordinate their temporal expression during cellular differentiation. Our studies provide evidence for (1) selective association of HOXA10, MSX2, DLX3 and DLX5 homeodomain transcription factors on Runx2 and OC genes at stages of osteoblast maturation as well as (2) participation of these factors with RUNX2 in chromatin remodeling of bone-specific genes for repression, activation and attenuation of transcription. These findings reveal the requirement for multiple levels of control for the appropriate timing of osteoblast-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Q Hassan
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass. 01655, USA
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