1
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Jonker SS, Louey S. Fetal cardiac troponin I levels decline toward birth in sheep. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1538-H1543. [PMID: 38758126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00224.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a myocardial damage biomarker, has been reported in cord blood of neonates delivered vaginally or by cesarean section. Although the neonatal peak likely reflects the physiological adjustment to extrauterine life, a better understanding of serial prepartum changes is required to determine physiological causes of fetal cTnI release. We longitudinally sampled eight healthy lambs (20 days before spontaneous birth to 5 days postnatal), and from three fetuses receiving intravenous IGF-1. Samples were collected into heparin, and the plasma was stored at -80°C for later determination of high-sensitivity (hs) cTnI levels (BeckmanCoulter UniCel DxI Access IA; log transformed detection limit = 0.30, quantification limit = 0.78, 99th percentile = 1.78). Positive and negative control samples were drawn from an adult ewe during a terminal experiment (myocardial ischemia) and similarly assessed. hs-cTnI data were log transformed from ng/L. Log(hs-cTnI) was 1.47 ± 0.30 (means ± SD) at 20 days before birth and declined to 1.02 ± 0.65 in fetuses 12 ± 4 h before birth (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.7869). Birth stimulated a delayed, transient peak in hs-cTnI (P = 0.0058). Newborn (43 ± 19 min postnatal) levels were 1.39 ± 0.40 (P = 0.0650 vs. fetus on day of birth) and 2.14 ± 0.63 the day after birth (P = 0.0331 vs. newborn). The second day after birth, levels declined to 1.65 ± 0.48 (P = 0.0238 vs. day 1). IGF-1 infusion increased hs-cTnI levels 25-50% over baseline (P = 0.0252, R2 = 0.9938). Baseline adult ewe log(hs-cTnI) was below the limit of detection; 3 h following coronary artery ligation, levels were 3.21. In conclusion, we newly report that fetal hs-cTnI levels decline concomitantly with reduced proliferation of cardiomyocytes toward term.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serial blood samples were collected from catheterized, normally developing fetal and newborn lambs and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels were assessed, providing unprecedented insight into the physiological processes leading to high levels in the perinatal period. Moderately high levels of hs-cTnI found in the normally developing fetus declined toward term. An elevation to high levels peaked the day after birth, after which hs-cTnI declined again. Stimulation of fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation with IGF-1 also elevated hs-cTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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2
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Elsaygh J, Zaher A, Parikh MA, Frishman WH, Peterson SJ. Nanotechnology: The Future for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases is Here. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00281. [PMID: 38814069 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
With advances in technology and medicine over the last 3 decades, cardiovascular medicine has evolved tremendously. Nanotechnology provides a promising future in personalized precision medicine. In this review, we delve into the current and prospective applications of nanotechnology and nanoparticles in cardiology. Nanotechnology has allowed for point-of-care testing such as high-sensitivity troponins, as well as more precise cardiac imaging. This review is focused on 3 diseases within cardiology: coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease. The use of nanoparticles in coronary stents has shown success in preventing in-stent thrombosis, as well as using nanosized drug delivery medications to prevent neointimal proliferation in a way that spares systemic toxicity. In addition, by using nanoparticles as drug delivery systems, nanotechnology can be utilized in the delivery of goal-directed medical therapy in heart failure patients. It has also been shown to improve cell therapy in this patient population by helping in cell retention of grafts. Finally, the use of nanoparticles in the manufacturing of bioprosthetic valves provides a promising future for the longevity and success of cardiac valve repair and replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Elsaygh
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Anas Zaher
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Manish A Parikh
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
- Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Stephen J Peterson
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
- Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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3
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Hegemann N, Barth L, Döring Y, Voigt N, Grune J. Implications for neutrophils in cardiac arrhythmias. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H441-H458. [PMID: 38099844 PMCID: PMC11219058 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00590.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias commonly occur as a result of aberrant electrical impulse formation or conduction in the myocardium. Frequently discussed triggers include underlying heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, or genetic anomalies of ion channels involved in the tightly regulated cardiac action potential. Recently, the role of innate immune cells in the onset of arrhythmic events has been highlighted in numerous studies, correlating leukocyte expansion in the myocardium to increased arrhythmic burden. Here, we aim to call attention to the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias and their expansion during myocardial ischemia and infectious disease manifestation. In addition, we will elucidate molecular mechanisms associated with neutrophil activation and discuss their involvement as direct mediators of arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hegemann
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Barth
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yannic Döring
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
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4
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Nagao H, Cai W, Brandão BB, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Steger M, Gattu AK, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Wunderlich FT, Mann M, Kahn CR. Leucine-973 is a crucial residue differentiating insulin and IGF-1 receptor signaling. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:161472. [PMID: 36548088 PMCID: PMC9927934 DOI: 10.1172/jci161472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and IGF-1 receptors (IR and IGF1R) are highly homologous and share similar signaling systems, but each has a unique physiological role, with IR primarily regulating metabolic homeostasis and IGF1R regulating mitogenic control and growth. Here, we show that replacement of a single amino acid at position 973, just distal to the NPEY motif in the intracellular juxtamembrane region, from leucine, which is highly conserved in IRs, to phenylalanine, the highly conserved homologous residue in IGF1Rs, resulted in decreased IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling and increased Shc/Gab1/MAPK cell cycle signaling. As a result, cells expressing L973F-IR exhibited decreased insulin-induced glucose uptake, increased cell growth, and impaired receptor internalization. Mice with knockin of the L973F-IR showed similar alterations in signaling in vivo, and this led to decreased insulin sensitivity, a modest increase in growth, and decreased weight gain when mice were challenged with a high-fat diet. Thus, leucine-973 in the juxtamembrane region of the IR acts as a crucial residue differentiating IR signaling from IGF1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nagao
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weikang Cai
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Bruna B Brandão
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,and.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Steger
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Arijeet K Gattu
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and.,Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,and
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Abstract
Physical activity and its sustained and purposeful performance-exercise-promote a broad and diverse set of metabolic and cardiovascular health benefits. Regular exercise is the most effective way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, a measure of one's global cardiovascular, pulmonary and metabolic health, and one of the strongest predictors of future health risk. Here, we describe how exercise affects individual organ systems related to cardiometabolic health, including the promotion of insulin and glucose homeostasis through improved efficiency in skeletal muscle glucose utilization and enhanced insulin sensitivity; beneficial changes in body composition and adiposity; and improved cardiac mechanics and vascular health. We subsequently identify knowledge gaps that remain in exercise science, including heterogeneity in exercise responsiveness. While the application of molecular profiling technologies in exercise science has begun to illuminate the biochemical pathways that govern exercise-induced health promotion, much of this work has focused on individual organ systems and applied single platforms. New insights into exercise-induced secreted small molecules and proteins that impart their effects in distant organs ("exerkines") highlight the need for an integrated approach towards the study of exercise and its global effects; efforts that are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prashant Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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6
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Insulin Receptors and Insulin Action in the Heart: The Effects of Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040578. [PMID: 35454166 PMCID: PMC9024449 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This year, 2022, marks the 100th anniversary of the isolation of human insulin and its administration to patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin exerts many effects on the human body, including the cardiac tissue. The pathways implicated include the PKB/Akt signaling pathway, the Janus kinase, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and lead to normal cardiac growth, vascular smooth muscle regulation, and cardiac contractility. This review aims to summarize the existing knowledge and provide new insights on insulin pathways of cardiac tissue, along with the role of left ventricular assist devices on insulin regulation and cardiac function.
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7
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Sonkar R, Berry R, Latimer MN, Prabhu SD, Young ME, Frank SJ. Augmented Cardiac Growth Hormone Signaling Contributes to Cardiomyopathy Following Genetic Disruption of the Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:836725. [PMID: 35250583 PMCID: PMC8888912 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.836725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate numerous biological processes, at whole body, organ, and cellular levels. This includes both hormone secretion and target tissue sensitivity. Although growth hormone (GH) secretion is time-of-day-dependent (increased pulse amplitude during the sleep period), little is known regarding whether circadian clocks modulate GH sensitivity in target tissues. GH acts in part through induction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and excess GH/IGF1 signaling has been linked to pathologies such as insulin resistance, acromegaly, and cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock leads to cardiac adverse remodeling, contractile dysfunction, and reduced lifespan. These observations led to the hypothesis that the cardiomyopathy observed following cardiomyocyte circadian clock disruption may be secondary to chronic activation of cardiac GH/IGF1 signaling. Here, we report that cardiomyocyte-specific BMAL1 knockout (CBK) mice exhibit increased cardiac GH sensitivity, as evidenced by augmented GH-induced STAT5 phosphorylation (relative to littermate controls) in the heart (but not in the liver). Moreover, Igf1 mRNA levels are approximately 2-fold higher in CBK hearts (but not in livers), associated with markers of GH/IGF1 signaling activation (e.g., p-ERK, p-mTOR, and p-4EBP1) and adverse remodeling (e.g., cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis). Genetic deletion of one allele of the GH receptor (GHR) normalized cardiac Igf1 levels in CBK hearts, associated with a partial normalization of adverse remodeling. This included attenuated progression of cardiomyopathy in CBK mice. Collectively, these observations suggest that excessive cardiac GH/IGF1 signaling contributes toward cardiomyopathy following genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sonkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ryan Berry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary N. Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Cardiology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stuart J. Frank
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Endocrinology Section, Birmingham VAMC Medical Service, Birmingham, AL, United States
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8
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Qian Y, Berryman DE, Basu R, List EO, Okada S, Young JA, Jensen EA, Bell SRC, Kulkarni P, Duran-Ortiz S, Mora-Criollo P, Mathes SC, Brittain AL, Buchman M, Davis E, Funk KR, Bogart J, Ibarra D, Mendez-Gibson I, Slyby J, Terry J, Kopchick JJ. Mice with gene alterations in the GH and IGF family. Pituitary 2022; 25:1-51. [PMID: 34797529 PMCID: PMC8603657 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of GH's action stems from animal models and the generation and characterization of genetically altered or modified mice. Manipulation of genes in the GH/IGF1 family in animals started in 1982 when the first GH transgenic mice were produced. Since then, multiple laboratories have altered mouse DNA to globally disrupt Gh, Ghr, and other genes upstream or downstream of GH or its receptor. The ability to stay current with the various genetically manipulated mouse lines within the realm of GH/IGF1 research has been daunting. As such, this review attempts to consolidate and summarize the literature related to the initial characterization of many of the known gene-manipulated mice relating to the actions of GH, PRL and IGF1. We have organized the mouse lines by modifications made to constituents of the GH/IGF1 family either upstream or downstream of GHR or to the GHR itself. Available data on the effect of altered gene expression on growth, GH/IGF1 levels, body composition, reproduction, diabetes, metabolism, cancer, and aging are summarized. For the ease of finding this information, key words are highlighted in bold throughout the main text for each mouse line and this information is summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most importantly, the collective data derived from and reported for these mice have enhanced our understanding of GH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jensen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R C Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Patricia Mora-Criollo
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mat Buchman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kevin R Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jolie Bogart
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Diego Ibarra
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Isaac Mendez-Gibson
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie Slyby
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Terry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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9
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Qiu Y, Pan X, Chen Y, Xiao J. Hallmarks of exercised heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 164:126-135. [PMID: 34914934 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise in humans on the heart have been well recognized for many years. Long-term endurance exercise training can induce physiologic cardiac hypertrophy with normal or enhanced heart function, and provide protective benefits in preventing heart failure. The heart-specific responses that occur during exercise are complex and highly variable. This review mainly focuses on the current understanding of the structural and functional cardiac adaptations to exercise as well as molecular pathways and signaling proteins responsible for these changes. Here, we summarize eight tentative hallmarks that represent common denominators of the exercised heart. These hallmarks are: cardiomyocyte growth, cardiomyocyte fate reprogramming, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, mitochondrial remodeling, epigenetic alteration, enhanced endothelial function, quiescent cardiac fibroblast, and improved cardiac metabolism. A major challenge is to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms for cardio-protective effects of exercise, and to identify therapeutic targets for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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10
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Sanchis-Gomar F, Lavie CJ, Marín J, Perez-Quilis C, Eijsvogels TMH, O'Keefe JH, Perez MV, Blair SN. Exercise Effects On Cardiovascular Disease: From Basic Aspects To Clinical Evidence. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2253-2266. [PMID: 34478520 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of major morbidity and CVD- and all-cause mortality in most of the world. It is now clear that regular physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) induces a wide range of direct and indirect physiologic adaptations and pleiotropic benefits for human general and CV health. Generally, higher levels of PA, ET, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are correlated with reduced risk of CVD, including myocardial infarction, CVD-related death, and all-cause mortality. Although exact details regarding the ideal doses of ET, including resistance and, especially, aerobic ET, as well as the potential adverse effects of extreme levels of ET, continue to be investigated, there is no question that most of the world's population have insufficient levels of PA/ET, and many also have lower than ideal levels of CRF. Therefore, assessment and promotion of PA, ET, and efforts to improve levels of CRF should be integrated into all health professionals' practices worldwide. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss the exercise effects on many areas related to CVD, from basic aspects to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jorge Marín
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carme Perez-Quilis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Science, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James H O'Keefe
- St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Marco V Perez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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11
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Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes mostly utilize oxidation of fatty acids to generate ATP. The fetal heart, in stark contrast, mostly uses anaerobic glycolysis. During perinatal development, thyroid hormone drives extensive metabolic remodeling in the heart for adaptation to extrauterine life. These changes coincide with critical functional maturation and exit of the cell cycle, making the heart a post-mitotic organ. Here, we review the current understanding on the perinatal shift in metabolism, hormonal status, and proliferative potential in cardiomyocytes. Thyroid hormone and glucocorticoids have roles in adult cardiac metabolism, and both pathways have been implicated as regulators of myocardial regeneration. We discuss the evidence that suggests these processes could be interrelated and how this can help explain variation in cardiac regeneration across ontogeny and phylogeny, and we note what breakthroughs are still to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall Graham
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Correspondence: Guo N Huang, Ph.D., University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, Room 352V, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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12
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Maldonado-Velez G, Firulli AB. Mechanisms Underlying Cardiomyocyte Development: Can We Exploit Them to Regenerate the Heart? Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:81. [PMID: 34081213 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It is well established that the adult mammalian cardiomyocytes retain a low capacity for cell cycle activity; however, it is insufficient to effectively respond to myocardial injury and facilitate cardiac regenerative repair. Lessons learned from species in which cardiomyocytes do allow for proliferative regeneration/repair have shed light into the mechanisms underlying cardiac regeneration post-injury. Importantly, many of these mechanisms are conserved across species, including mammals, and efforts to tap into these mechanisms effectively within the adult heart are currently of great interest. RECENT FINDINGS Targeting the endogenous gene regulatory networks (GRNs) shown to play roles in the cardiac regeneration of conducive species is seen as a strong approach, as delivery of a single or combination of genes has promise to effectively enhance cell cycle activity and CM proliferation in adult hearts post-myocardial infarction (MI). In situ re-induction of proliferative gene regulatory programs within existing, local, non-damaged cardiomyocytes helps overcome significant technical hurdles, such as successful engraftment of implanted cells or achieving complete cardiomyocyte differentiation from cell-based approaches. Although many obstacles currently exist and need to be overcome to successfully translate these approaches to clinical settings, the current efforts presented here show great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Maldonado-Velez
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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13
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Stremming J, Heard S, White A, Chang EI, Shaw SC, Wesolowski SR, Jonker SS, Rozance PJ, Brown LD. IGF-1 infusion to fetal sheep increases organ growth but not by stimulating nutrient transfer to the fetus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E527-E538. [PMID: 33427051 PMCID: PMC7988781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00453.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important fetal growth factor. However, the role of fetal IGF-1 in increasing placental blood flow, nutrient transfer, and nutrient availability to support fetal growth and protein accretion is not well understood. Catheterized fetuses from late gestation pregnant sheep received an intravenous infusion of LR3 IGF-1 (LR3 IGF-1; n = 8) or saline (SAL; n = 8) for 1 wk. Sheep then underwent a metabolic study to measure uterine and umbilical blood flow, nutrient uptake rates, and fetal protein kinetic rates. By the end of the infusion, fetal weights were not statistically different between groups (SAL: 3.260 ± 0.211 kg, LR3 IGF-1: 3.682 ± 0.183; P = 0.15). Fetal heart, adrenal gland, and spleen weights were higher (P < 0.05), and insulin was lower in LR3 IGF-1 (P < 0.05). Uterine and umbilical blood flow and umbilical uptake rates of glucose, lactate, and oxygen were similar between groups. Umbilical amino acid uptake rates were lower in LR3 IGF-1 (P < 0.05) as were fetal concentrations of multiple amino acids. Fetal protein kinetic rates were similar. LR3 IGF-1 skeletal muscle had higher myoblast proliferation (P < 0.05). In summary, LR3 IGF-1 infusion for 1 wk into late gestation fetal sheep increased the weight of some fetal organs. However, because umbilical amino acid uptake rates and fetal plasma amino acid concentrations were lower in the LR3 IGF-1 group, we speculate that animals treated with LR3 IGF-1 can efficiently utilize available nutrients to support organ-specific growth in the fetus rather than by stimulating placental blood flow or nutrient transfer to the fetus.NEW & NOTEWORTHY After a 1-wk infusion of LR3 IGF-1, late gestation fetal sheep had lower umbilical uptake rates of amino acids, lower fetal arterial amino acid and insulin concentrations, and lower fetal oxygen content; however, LR-3 IGF-1-treated fetuses were still able to effectively utilize the available nutrients and oxygen to support organ growth and myoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Stremming
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sara Heard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alicia White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eileen I Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Steven C Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sonnet S Jonker
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura D Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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14
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Ryan R, Moyse BR, Richardson RJ. Zebrafish cardiac regeneration-looking beyond cardiomyocytes to a complex microenvironment. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:533-548. [PMID: 32926230 PMCID: PMC7609419 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of heart repair post-myocardial infarction has historically focused on the importance of cardiomyocyte proliferation as the major factor limiting adult mammalian heart regeneration. However, there is mounting evidence that a narrow focus on this one cell type discounts the importance of a complex cascade of cell-cell communication involving a whole host of different cell types. A major difficulty in the study of heart regeneration is the rarity of this process in adult animals, meaning a mammalian template for how this can be achieved is lacking. Here, we review the adult zebrafish as an ideal and unique model in which to study the underlying mechanisms and cell types required to attain complete heart regeneration following cardiac injury. We provide an introduction to the role of the cardiac microenvironment in the complex regenerative process and discuss some of the key advances using this in vivo vertebrate model that have recently increased our understanding of the vital roles of multiple different cell types. Due to the sheer number of exciting studies describing new and unexpected roles for inflammatory cell populations in cardiac regeneration, this review will pay particular attention to these important microenvironment participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ryan
- C21a, Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Bethany R Moyse
- C21a, Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Rebecca J Richardson
- C21a, Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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15
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Zhao MT, Ye S, Su J, Garg V. Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Maturation: Two Sides of the Same Coin for Heart Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594226. [PMID: 33178704 PMCID: PMC7593613 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, cardiac regeneration has been the central target for restoring the injured heart. In mammals, cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and rarely divide during adulthood. Embryonic and fetal cardiomyocytes undergo robust proliferation to form mature heart chambers in order to accommodate the increased workload of a systemic circulation. In contrast, postnatal cardiomyocytes stop dividing and initiate hypertrophic growth by increasing the size of the cardiomyocyte when exposed to increased workload. Extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways control embryonic cardiomyocyte proliferation and postnatal cardiac hypertrophy. Harnessing these pathways could be the future focus for stimulating endogenous cardiac regeneration in response to various pathological stressors. Meanwhile, patient-specific cardiomyocytes derived from autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could become the major exogenous sources for replenishing the damaged myocardium. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) are relatively immature and have the potential to increase the population of cells that advance to physiological hypertrophy in the presence of extracellular stimuli. In this review, we discuss how cardiac proliferation and maturation are regulated during embryonic development and postnatal growth, and explore how patient iPSC-CMs could serve as the future seed cells for cardiac cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juan Su
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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16
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Heallen TR, Kadow ZA, Wang J, Martin JF. Determinants of Cardiac Growth and Size. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037150. [PMID: 31615785 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the realm of zoological study, the question of how an organism reaches a specific size has been largely unexplored. Recently, studies performed to understand the regulation of organ size have revealed that both cellular signals and external cues contribute toward the determination of total cell mass within each organ. The establishment of final organ size requires the precise coordination of cell growth, proliferation, and survival throughout development and postnatal life. In the mammalian heart, the regulation of size is biphasic. During development, cardiomyocyte proliferation predominantly determines cardiac growth, whereas in the adult heart, total cell mass is governed by signals that regulate cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the extrinsic factors and intrinsic mechanisms that control heart size during development. We also discuss the metabolic switch that occurs in the heart after birth and precedes homeostatic control of postnatal heart size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Heallen
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zachary A Kadow
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Essandoh K, Philippe JM, Jenkins PM, Brody MJ. Palmitoylation: A Fatty Regulator of Myocardial Electrophysiology. Front Physiol 2020; 11:108. [PMID: 32140110 PMCID: PMC7042378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cardiac physiology is well known to occur through the action of kinases that reversibly phosphorylate ion channels, calcium handling machinery, and signaling effectors. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that palmitoylation or S-acylation, the post-translational modification of cysteines with saturated fatty acids, plays instrumental roles in regulating the localization, activity, stability, sorting, and function of numerous proteins, including proteins known to have essential functions in cardiomyocytes. However, the impact of this modification on cardiac physiology requires further investigation. S-acylation is catalyzed by the zDHHC family of S-acyl transferases that localize to intracellular organelle membranes or the sarcolemma. Recent work has begun to uncover functions of S-acylation in the heart, particularly in the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology, including modification of the sodium-calcium exchanger, phospholemman and the cardiac sodium pump, as well as the voltage-gated sodium channel. Elucidating the regulatory functions of zDHHC enzymes in cardiomyocytes and determination of how S-acylation is altered in the diseased heart will shed light on how these modifications participate in cardiac pathogenesis and potentially identify novel targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Indeed, proteins with critical signaling roles in the heart are also S-acylated, including receptors and G-proteins, yet the dynamics and functions of these modifications in myocardial physiology have not been interrogated. Here, we will review what is known about zDHHC enzymes and substrate S-acylation in myocardial physiology and highlight future areas of investigation that will uncover novel functions of S-acylation in cardiac homeostasis and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Julie M Philippe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul M Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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18
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Hajipour MJ, Mehrani M, Abbasi SH, Amin A, Kassaian SE, Garbern JC, Caracciolo G, Zanganeh S, Chitsazan M, Aghaverdi H, Shahri SMK, Ashkarran A, Raoufi M, Bauser-Heaton H, Zhang J, Muehlschlegel JD, Moore A, Lee RT, Wu JC, Serpooshan V, Mahmoudi M. Nanoscale Technologies for Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure: Challenges and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11352-11390. [PMID: 31490059 PMCID: PMC7003249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adult myocardium has a limited regenerative capacity following heart injury, and the lost cells are primarily replaced by fibrotic scar tissue. Suboptimal efficiency of current clinical therapies to resurrect the infarcted heart results in injured heart enlargement and remodeling to maintain its physiological functions. These remodeling processes ultimately leads to ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF). Recent therapeutic approaches (e.g., regenerative and nanomedicine) have shown promise to prevent HF postmyocardial infarction in animal models. However, these preclinical, clinical, and technological advancements have yet to yield substantial enhancements in the survival rate and quality of life of patients with severe ischemic injuries. This could be attributed largely to the considerable gap in knowledge between clinicians and nanobioengineers. Development of highly effective cardiac regenerative therapies requires connecting and coordinating multiple fields, including cardiology, cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry and chemistry, and mechanical and materials sciences, among others. This review is particularly intended to bridge the knowledge gap between cardiologists and regenerative nanomedicine experts. Establishing this multidisciplinary knowledge base may help pave the way for developing novel, safer, and more effective approaches that will enable the medical community to reduce morbidity and mortality in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Mehrani
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Amin
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mitra Chitsazan
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Aghaverdi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Seyed Mehdi Kamali Shahri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aliakbar Ashkarran
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Holly Bauser-Heaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jochen D. Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Connors Center for Women’s Health & Gender Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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19
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Psarras S, Beis D, Nikouli S, Tsikitis M, Capetanaki Y. Three in a Box: Understanding Cardiomyocyte, Fibroblast, and Innate Immune Cell Interactions to Orchestrate Cardiac Repair Processes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:32. [PMID: 31001541 PMCID: PMC6454035 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an insult by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, complex cellular, and molecular interactions determine a successful recovery or inadequate repair of damaged tissue. The efficiency of this process is particularly important in the heart, an organ characterized by very limited regenerative and repair capacity in higher adult vertebrates. Cardiac insult is characteristically associated with fibrosis and heart failure, as a result of cardiomyocyte death, myocardial degeneration, and adverse remodeling. Recent evidence implies that resident non-cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts but also macrophages -pillars of the innate immunity- form part of the inflammatory response and decisively affect the repair process following a cardiac insult. Multiple studies in model organisms (mouse, zebrafish) of various developmental stages (adult and neonatal) combined with genetically engineered cell plasticity and differentiation intervention protocols -mainly targeting cardiac fibroblasts or progenitor cells-reveal particular roles of resident and recruited innate immune cells and their secretome in the coordination of cardiac repair. The interplay of innate immune cells with cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes is emerging as a crucial platform to help our understanding and, importantly, to allow the development of effective interventions sufficient to minimize cardiac damage and dysfunction after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Psarras
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Nikouli
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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20
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Hashmi S, Ahmad HR. Molecular switch model for cardiomyocyte proliferation. CELL REGENERATION 2019; 8:12-20. [PMID: 31205684 PMCID: PMC6557755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with the human adult cardiomyocyte proliferation as a potential source for heart repair after injury. The mechanism to regain the proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes is a challenge. However, recent studies are promising in showing that the ‘locked’ cell cycle of adult cardiomyocytes could be released through modulation of cell cycle checkpoints. In support of this are the signaling pathways of Notch, Hippo, Wnt, Akt and Jak/Stat that facilitate or inhibit the transition at cell cycle checkpoints. Cyclins and cyclin dependant kinases (CDKs) facilitate this transition which in turn is regulated by inhibitory action of pocket protein e.g. p21, p27 and p57. Transcription factors e.g. E2F, GATA4, TBx20 up regulate Cyclin A, A2, D, E, and CDK4 as promoters of cell cycle and Meis-1 and HIF-1 alpha down regulate cyclin D and E to inhibit the cell cycle. Paracrine factors like Neuregulin-1, IGF-1 and Oncostatin M and Extracellular Matrix proteins like Agrin have been involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation processes. A molecular switch model is proposed that transforms the post mitotic cell into an actively dividing cell. This model shows how the cell cycle is regulated through on- and off switch mechanisms through interaction of transcription factors and signaling pathways with proteins of the cell cycle checkpoints. Signals triggered by injury may activate the right combination of the various pathways that can ‘switch on’ the proliferation signals leading to myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satwat Hashmi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - H R Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi
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21
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Gehmlich K, Ehler E. Non-sarcomeric causes of heart failure. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:943-947. [PMID: 30008146 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Room 3.26A, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
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22
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Nicolás-Ávila JA, Hidalgo A, Ballesteros I. Specialized functions of resident macrophages in brain and heart. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:743-756. [PMID: 29947422 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6mr0118-041r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of macrophages in healthy tissues extend beyond their well-established roles as immune sentinels and effectors. Among tissues, cells of the brain and heart possess unique excitatory properties that likely demand special support. Accordingly, existing evidence demonstrates that microglia in the brain has an active role in synaptic organization, control of neuronal excitability, phagocytic removal of debris, and trophic support during brain development. In the heart, recent studies suggest that cardiac macrophages are involved in the regulation of heart homeostasis by phagocytosis, production of trophic, and immune-related factors, and by forming direct contacts with cardiomyocytes to regulate electrical conduction. In this review, we discuss mechanisms associated with the high degree of specialization of resident macrophages in both tissues, their origin and heterogeneity, and their contributions in regulating homeostasis under steady-state and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Ballesteros
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación CNIC, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Non-coding RNAs and exercise: pathophysiological role and clinical application in the cardiovascular system. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:925-942. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20171463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is overwhelming evidence that regular exercise training is protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main cause of death worldwide. Despite the benefits of exercise, the intricacies of their underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recognized as a major regulatory network governing gene expression in several physiological processes and appeared as pivotal modulators in a myriad of cardiovascular processes under physiological and pathological conditions. However, little is known about ncRNA expression and role in response to exercise. Revealing the molecular components and mechanisms of the link between exercise and health outcomes will catalyse discoveries of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here we review the current understanding of the ncRNA role in exercise-induced adaptations focused on the cardiovascular system and address their potential role in clinical applications for CVD. Finally, considerations and perspectives for future studies will be proposed.
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24
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Liu X, Platt C, Rosenzweig A. The Role of MicroRNAs in the Cardiac Response to Exercise. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a029850. [PMID: 28389519 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as central regulators of cardiac biology, modulating cardiac development and the response to pathological stress in disease. Although less well developed, emerging evidence suggests miRNAs are likely also important in the heart's response to the physiological stress of exercise. Given the well-recognized cardiovascular benefits of exercise, elucidating the contribution of miRNAs to this response has the potential not only to reveal novel aspects of cardiovascular biology but also to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention that may complement those discovered through studies of diseased hearts. Here, we first provide an overview of the cardiovascular effects of exercise as well as some of the major protein signaling mechanisms contributing to these effects. We then review the evidence that both cardiac and circulating miRNAs are dynamically regulated by exercise and regulate these mechanisms and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Colin Platt
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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25
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Wijnberg I, Franklin S. The heart remains the core: cardiac causes of poor performance in horses compared to human athletes. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/cep170012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling occurs in response to exercise and is generally beneficial for athletic performance due to the increase in cardiac output. However, this remodelling also may lead to an increased prevalence of cardiac murmurs and arrhythmias. In most cases, these are not considered to be significant. However, in some cases, there may be potentially deleterious consequences. Whilst sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a rare occurrence, the consequences are catastrophic for both the horse and potentially the rider or driver. Furthermore, the sudden death of a horse in the public arena has negative connotations in regards to public perception of welfare during equestrian sports. Prediction of which individuals might be susceptible to potential deleterious effects of exercise is a focus of interest in both human and equine athletes but remains a challenge because many athletes experience cardiac murmurs and exercise-induced arrhythmias that are clinically irrelevant. This review summarises the effects of exercise on cardiac remodelling in the horse and the potential effects on athletic performance and SCD. The use of biomarkers and their future potential in the management of athletic horses is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.D. Wijnberg
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S.H. Franklin
- Equine Health and Performance Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in cardiac aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1931-1938. [PMID: 28847512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in most developed countries. Aging is associated with enhanced risk of CVD. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) binds to its cognate receptor, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and exerts pleiotropic effects on cell growth, differentiation, development, and tissue repair. Importantly, IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling is implicated in cardiac aging and longevity. Cardiac aging is an intrinsic process that results in cardiac dysfunction, accompanied by molecular and cellular changes. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the link between the IGF-1/IGF-1R system and cardiac aging. The biological effects of IGF-1R and insulin receptor will be discussed and compared. Furthermore, we describe data regarding how deletion of IGF-1R in cardiomyocytes of aged knockout mice may delay the development of senescence-associated myocardial pathologies. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Brown JL, Lee DE, Blackwell TA, Turner KW, Brown LA, Perry RA, Haynie WS, Washington TA, Greene NP. Autophagy activation, not peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, may mediate exercise-induced improvements in glucose handling during diet-induced obesity. Exp Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28639297 DOI: 10.1113/ep086406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the individual and combined effects of muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) overexpression and physical activity during high-fat feeding on glucose and exercise tolerance? What is the main finding and its importance? Our main finding is that muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression provides no protection against lipid-overload pathologies nor does it enhance exercise adaptations. Instead, physical activity, regardless of PGC-1α content, protects against high-fat diet-induced detriments. Activation of muscle autophagy was correlated with exercise protection, suggesting that autophagy might be a mediating factor for exercise-induced protection from lipid overload. The prevalence of glucose intolerance is alarmingly high. Efforts to promote mitochondrial biogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) to mitigate glucose intolerance have been controversial. However, physical activity remains a primary means to alleviate the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α and physical activity on glucose handling during diet-induced obesity. Wild-type (WT, ∼20) and PGC-1α muscle transgenic (MCK-PGC-1α, ∼20) mice were given a Western diet (WD) at 8 weeks age and allowed to consume food ab libitum throughout the study. At 12 weeks of age, all animals were divided into sedentary (SED) or voluntary wheel running (VWR) interventions. At 7, 11 and 15 weeks of age, animals underwent glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and graded exercise tests (GXT). At 16 weeks of age, tissues were collected. At 11 weeks, the MCK-PGC-1α animals had 50% greater glucose tolerance integrated area under the curve compared with WT. However, at 15 weeks, SED animals also had greater GTT integrated area under the curve compared with VWR, regardless of genotype; furthermore, SED animals demonstrated reduced exercise capacity compared with earlier time points, which was not seen in VWR animals. Voluntary distance run per day was correlated with GTT in VWR-WT, but not VWR-MCK-PGC-1α mice. Voluntary wheel running and genotype independently resulted in a greater LC3II/LC3I ratio, suggesting enhanced autophagosome formation, which was correlated with exercise-induced improvements in GTT. In conclusion, artificially increasing mitochondrial content does not protect from lipid-induced pathologies nor does it augment exercise adaptations. Physical activity ameliorates the effects of lipid overload-induced glucose intolerance, an effect that appears to be related to enhanced activation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jacob L Brown
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - David E Lee
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Thomas A Blackwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kyle W Turner
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lemuel A Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Richard A Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Wesley S Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Booth SA, Charchar FJ. Cardiac telomere length in heart development, function, and disease. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:368-384. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00024.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleoprotein structures at chromosome ends, and a decrease in the number of these repeats, known as a reduction in telomere length (TL), triggers cellular senescence and apoptosis. Heart disease, the worldwide leading cause of death, often results from the loss of cardiac cells, which could be explained by decreases in TL. Due to the cell-specific regulation of TL, this review focuses on studies that have measured telomeres in heart cells and critically assesses the relationship between cardiac TL and heart function. There are several lines of evidence that have identified rapid changes in cardiac TL during the onset and progression of heart disease as well as at critical stages of development. There are also many factors, such as the loss of telomeric proteins, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, that decrease cardiac TL and heart function. In contrast, antioxidants, calorie restriction, and exercise can prevent both cardiac telomere attrition and the progression of heart disease. TL in the heart is also indicative of proliferative potential and could facilitate the identification of cells suitable for cardiac rejuvenation. Although these findings highlight the involvement of TL in heart function, there are important questions regarding the validity of animal models, as well as several confounding factors, that need to be considered when interpreting results and planning future research. With these in mind, elucidating the telomeric mechanisms involved in heart development and the transition to disease holds promise to prevent cardiac dysfunction and potentiate regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Booth
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Balllarat, Australia
| | - F. J. Charchar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Balllarat, Australia
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Alsaied T, Omar K, James JF, Hinton RB, Crombleholme TM, Habli M. Fetal origins of adult cardiac disease: a novel approach to prevent fetal growth restriction induced cardiac dysfunction using insulin like growth factor. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:919-925. [PMID: 28099426 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a risk factor for adult cardiovascular disease. Intraplacental gene transfer of human insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) corrects birth weight in our mouse model of FGR. This study addresses long term effects of FGR on cardiac function and the potential preventive effect of IGF-1. STUDY DESIGN Laparotomy was performed on pregnant C57BL/6J mice at embryonic day 18 and pups were divided into three groups: Sham operated; FGR (induced by mesenteric uterine artery ligation); treatment (intraplacental injection of IGF-1 after uterine artery ligation). Pups were followed until 32 wk of life. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed starting at 12 wk. RESULTS Systolic cardiac function was significantly impaired in the FGR group with reduced fractional shortening compared with sham and treatment group starting at week 12 of life (20 ± 4 vs. 31 ± 5 vs. 32 ± 5, respectively, n = 12 for each group; P < 0.001) with no difference between the sham and treatment groups. CONCLUSION Intraplacental gene transfer of IGF-1 prevents FGR induced cardiac dysfunction. This suggests that in utero therapy may positively impact cardiac remodeling and prevent adult cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Alsaied
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Heart Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Khaled Omar
- Colorado Fetal Care Center, Division of Pediatric General Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jeanne F James
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Heart Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert B Hinton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Heart Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy M Crombleholme
- Colorado Fetal Care Center, Division of Pediatric General Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Mounira Habli
- Center for Molecular Fetal Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Dean M, Lassak A, Wilk A, Zapata A, Marrero L, Molina P, Reiss K. Acute Ethanol Increases IGF-I-Induced Phosphorylation of ERKs by Enhancing Recruitment of p52-Shc to the Grb2/Shc Complex. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1275-1286. [PMID: 27607558 PMCID: PMC5381968 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol plays a detrimental role in the development of the brain. Multiple studies have shown that ethanol inhibits insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) function. Because the IGF-IR contributes to brain development by supporting neural growth, survival, and differentiation, we sought to determine the molecular mechanism(s) involved in ethanol's effects on this membrane-associated tyrosine kinase. Using multiple neuronal cell types, we performed Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and GST-pulldowns following acute (1-24 h) or chronic (3 weeks) treatment with ethanol. Surprisingly, exposure of multiple neuronal cell types to acute (up to 24 h) ethanol (50 mM) enhanced IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs), without affecting IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation itself, or Akt phosphorylation. This acute increase in ERKs phosphorylation was followed by the expected inhibition of the IGF-IR signaling following 3-week ethanol exposure. We then expressed a GFP-tagged IGF-IR construct in PC12 cells and used them to perform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis. Using these fluorescently labeled cells, we determined that 50 mM ethanol decreased the half-time of the IGF-IR-associated FRAP, which implied that cell membrane-associated signaling events could be affected. Indeed, co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pulldown studies demonstrated that the acute ethanol exposure increased the recruitment of p52-Shc to the Grb2-Shc complex, which is known to engage the Ras-Raf-ERKs pathway following IGF-1 stimulation. These experiments indicate that even a short and low-dose exposure to ethanol may dysregulate function of the receptor, which plays a critical role in brain development. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1275-1286, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dean
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, LSU Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112
- Department of Genetics, LSU Health New Orleans
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health New Orleans
| | - Adam Lassak
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health New Orleans
| | - Anna Wilk
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, 36604
| | | | - Luis Marrero
- Morphology and Imaging Core, LSU Health New Orleans
| | - Patricia Molina
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, LSU Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70112
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Karbasforooshan H, Karimi G. The role of SIRT1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:386-392. [PMID: 28380414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing worldwide. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCP) is the major risk for diabetes associated morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia play an indispensable role in underlying mechanisms of DCP. They increase advanced glycation end products (AGEs) following a series of events leading to myocardial damage and cardiomyopathy which include oxidative stress, increased inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy and apoptosis. SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase that removes acetyl groups from proteins which can be implicated in DCP. SIRT1 modulate different proteins related to hyperglycemia. SIRT1 inhibits transcriptional factors, such as p300, NF-κB, P38MAPK, Histone 3, MMP-9, FOXO3a and p53. On the other hand, it increases SERCA2a, ERK1/2/Homer1, eNOS, PGC-1α and AMPK. Therefore, SIRT1 attenuate cardiac dysfunction and improve DCP. This review focus on the role of SIRT1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abstract
The interrelationships of growth hormone (GH) actions and aging are complex and incompletely understood. The very pronounced age-related decline in GH secretion together with benefits of GH therapy in individuals with congenital or adult GH deficiency (GHD) prompted interest in GH as an anti-aging agent. However, the benefits of treatment of normal elderly subjects with GH appear to be marginal and counterbalanced by worrisome side effects. In laboratory mice, genetic GH deficiency or resistance leads to a remarkable extension of longevity accompanied by signs of delayed and/or slower aging. Mechanisms believed to contribute to extended longevity of GH-related mutants include improved anti-oxidant defenses, enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin levels, reduced inflammation and cell senescence, major shifts in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, and greater stress resistance. Negative association of the somatotropic signaling and GH/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-dependent traits with longevity has also been shown in other mammalian species. In humans, syndromes of GH resistance or deficiency have no consistent effect on longevity, but can provide striking protection from cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. More subtle alterations in various steps of GH and IGF-1 signaling are associated with reduced old-age mortality, particularly in women and with improved chances of attaining extremes of lifespan. Epidemiological studies raise a possibility that the relationship of IGF-1 and perhaps also GH levels with human healthy aging and longevity may be biphasic. However, the impact of somatotropic signaling on neoplastic disease is difficult to separate from its impact on aging, and IGF-1 levels exhibit opposite associations with different chronic, age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.
| | - Justin Darcy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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Xiang MSW, Kikuchi K. Endogenous Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:67-131. [PMID: 27572127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish possess a remarkable capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout their lifetime, providing a model for investigating endogenous cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating myocardial regeneration. By contrast, adult mammals have an extremely limited capacity for cardiac regeneration, contributing to mortality and morbidity from cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the viewpoint of the mammalian heart as a postmitotic organ was recently revised based on findings that the mammalian heart contains multiple undifferentiated cell types with cardiogenic potential as well as a robust regenerative capacity during a short period early in life. Although it occurs at an extremely low level, continuous cardiomyocyte turnover has been detected in adult mouse and human hearts, which could potentially be enhanced to restore lost myocardium in damaged human hearts. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in the understanding of endogenous mechanisms of cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S W Xiang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - K Kikuchi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW, Australia.
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Ma H, Yin C, Zhang Y, Qian L, Liu J. ErbB2 is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation in murine neonatal hearts. Gene 2016; 592:325-30. [PMID: 27390088 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been long recognized that the mammalian heart loses its proliferative capacity soon after birth, yet, the molecular basis of this loss of cardiac proliferation postnatally is largely unknown. In this study, we found that cardiac ErbB2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, exhibits a rapid and dramatic decline in expression at the neonatal stage. We further demonstrate that conditional ablation of ErbB2 in the ventricular myocardium results in upregulation of negative cell cycle regulators and a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte proliferation during the narrow neonatal proliferative time window. Together, our data reveal a positive correlation between the expression levels of ErbB2 with neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and suggest that reduction in cardiac ErbB2 expression may contribute to the loss of postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chaoying Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yingao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Shimizu I, Minamino T. Physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:245-62. [PMID: 27262674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart must continuously pump blood to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. To maintain the high energy consumption required by this role, the heart is equipped with multiple complex biological systems that allow adaptation to changes of systemic demand. The processes of growth (hypertrophy), angiogenesis, and metabolic plasticity are critically involved in maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. Cardiac hypertrophy is classified as physiological when it is associated with normal cardiac function or as pathological when associated with cardiac dysfunction. Physiological hypertrophy of the heart occurs in response to normal growth of children or during pregnancy, as well as in athletes. In contrast, pathological hypertrophy is induced by factors such as prolonged and abnormal hemodynamic stress, due to hypertension, myocardial infarction etc. Pathological hypertrophy is associated with fibrosis, capillary rarefaction, increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cellular dysfunction (impairment of signaling, suppression of autophagy, and abnormal cardiomyocyte/non-cardiomyocyte interactions), as well as undesirable epigenetic changes, with these complex responses leading to maladaptive cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This review describes the key molecules and cellular responses involved in physiological/pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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Bagno LL, Carvalho D, Mesquita F, Louzada RA, Andrade B, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Lago VM, Suhet G, Cipitelli D, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Campos-de-Carvalho AC. Sustained IGF-1 Secretion by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improves Infarcted Heart Function. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1609-1622. [PMID: 26624235 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x690215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which stem cell-based therapy improves heart function is still unknown, but paracrine mechanisms seem to be involved. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) secrete several factors, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may contribute to myocardial regeneration. Our aim was to investigate whether the overexpression of IGF-1 in ADSCs (IGF-1-ADSCs) improves treatment of chronically infarcted rat hearts. ADSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector to induce IGF-1 overexpression. IGF-1-ADSCs transcribe100- to 200-fold more IGF-1 mRNA levels compared to nontransduced ADSCs. IGF-1 transduction did not alter ADSC immunophenotypic characteristics even under hypoxic conditions. However, IGF-1-ADSCs proliferate at higher rates and release greater amounts of growth factors such as IGF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Importantly, IGF-1 secreted by IGF-1-ADSCs is functional given that Akt-1 phosphorylation was remarkably induced in neonatal cardiomyocytes cocultured with IGF-1-ADSCs, and this increase was prevented with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor treatment. Next, we tested IGF-1-ADSCs in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. MI was performed by coronary ligation, and 4 weeks after MI, animals received intramyocardial injections of either ADSCs (n = 7), IGF-1-ADSCs (n = 7), or vehicle (n = 7) into the infarcted border zone. Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography before and after 6 weeks of treatment, and left ventricular hemodynamics were assessed 7 weeks after cell injection. Notably, IGF-1-ADSCs improved left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac contractility index, but did not reduce scar size when compared to the ADSC-treated group. In summary, transplantation of ADSCs transduced with IGF-1 is a superior therapeutic approach to treat MI compared to nontransduced ADSCs, suggesting that gene and cell therapy may bring additional benefits to the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza L Bagno
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sysa-Shah P, Sørensen LL, Abraham MR, Gabrielson KL. Electrocardiographic Characterization of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice that Overexpress the ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. Comp Med 2015; 65:295-307. [PMID: 26310459 PMCID: PMC4549675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrocardiography is an important method for evaluation and risk stratification of patients with cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that the recently developed transgenic mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy (ErbB2(tg)) will display distinct ECG features, enabling WT (wild type) mice to be distinguished from transgenic mice without using conventional PCR genotyping. We evaluated more than 2000 mice and developed specific criteria for genotype determination by using cageside ECG, during which unanesthetized mice were manually restrained for less than 1 min. Compared with those from WT counterparts, the ECG recordings of ErbB2(tg) mice were characterized by higher P- and R-wave amplitudes, broader QRS complexes, inverted T waves, and ST interval depression. Pearson's correlation matrix analysis of combined WT and ErbB2(tg) data revealed significant correlation between heart weight and the ECG parameters of QT interval (corrected for heart rate), QRS interval, ST height, R amplitude, P amplitude, and PR interval. In addition, the left ventricular posterior wall thickness as determined by echocardiography correlated with ECG-determined ST height, R amplitude, QRS interval; echocardiographic left ventricular mass correlated with ECG-determined ST height and PR interval. In summary, we have determined phenotypic ECG criteria to differentiate ErbB2(tg) from WT genotypes in 98.8% of mice. This inexpensive and time-efficient ECG-based phenotypic method might be applied to differentiate between genotypes in other rodent models of cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, with appropriate modifications, this method might be translated for use in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Sysa-Shah
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lars L Sørensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Greene NP, Lee DE, Brown JL, Rosa ME, Brown LA, Perry RA, Henry JN, Washington TA. Mitochondrial quality control, promoted by PGC-1α, is dysregulated by Western diet-induced obesity and partially restored by moderate physical activity in mice. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/7/e12470. [PMID: 26177961 PMCID: PMC4552545 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial degeneration is a hallmark of insulin resistance/obesity marked by lost function, enhanced ROS emission, and altered morphology which may be ameliorated by physical activity (PA). However, no prior report has examined mitochondrial quality control regulation throughout biogenesis, fusion/fission dynamics, autophagy, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in obesity. Therefore, we determined how each process is impacted by Western diet (WD)-induced obesity and whether voluntary PA may alleviate derangements in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. Despite greater mitochondrial content following WD (COX-IV and Cytochrome C), induction of biogenesis controllers appears impaired (failed induction of PGC-1α). Mitochondrial fusion seems diminished (reduced MFN2, Opa1 proteins), with no significant changes in fission, suggesting a shift in balance of dynamics regulation favoring fission. Autophagy flux was promoted in WD (reduced p62, increased LC3II:I ratio); however, mitophagy marker BNIP3 is reduced in WD which may indicate reduced mitophagy despite enhanced total autophagy flux. MPTP regulator Ant mRNA is reduced by WD. Few processes were impacted by physical activity. Finally, mitochondrial quality control processes are partially promoted by PGC-1α, as PGC-1α transgenic mice display elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy flux. Additionally, these mice exhibit elevated Mfn1 and Opa1 mRNA, with no change in protein content suggesting these factors are transcriptionally promoted by PGC-1α overexpression. These data demonstrate dysfunctions across mitochondrial quality control in obesity and that PGC-1α is sufficient to promote multiple, but not necessarily all, aspects of mitochondrial quality control. Mitochondrial quality control may therefore be an opportune target to therapeutically treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - David E Lee
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jacob L Brown
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Megan E Rosa
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lemuel A Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Richard A Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Jordyn N Henry
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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40
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Chen CH, Sereti KI, Wu BM, Ardehali R. Translational aspects of cardiac cell therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1757-72. [PMID: 26119413 PMCID: PMC4549027 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has been intensely studied for over a decade as a potential treatment for ischaemic heart disease. While initial trials using skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow cells and peripheral blood stem cells showed promise in improving cardiac function, benefits were found to be short-lived likely related to limited survival and engraftment of the delivered cells. The discovery of putative cardiac ‘progenitor’ cells as well as the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells has led to the delivery of cells potentially capable of electromechanical integration into existing tissue. An alternative strategy involving either direct reprogramming of endogenous cardiac fibroblasts or stimulation of resident cardiomyocytes to regenerate new myocytes can potentially overcome the limitations of exogenous cell delivery. Complimentary approaches utilizing combination cell therapy and bioengineering techniques may be necessary to provide the proper milieu for clinically significant regeneration. Clinical trials employing bone marrow cells, mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells have demonstrated safety of catheter based cell delivery, with suggestion of limited improvement in ventricular function and reduction in infarct size. Ongoing trials are investigating potential benefits to outcome such as morbidity and mortality. These and future trials will clarify the optimal cell types and delivery conditions for therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Konstantina-Ioanna Sereti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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D'Amario D, Leone AM, Iaconelli A, Luciani N, Gaudino M, Kannappan R, Manchi M, Severino A, Shin SH, Graziani F, Biasillo G, Macchione A, Smaldone C, Cellini C, Siracusano A, Ottaviani L, Massetti M, Goichberg P, Leri A, Anversa P, Crea F. Response to letter regarding article, "growth properties of cardiac stem cells are a novel biomarker of patients' outcome after coronary bypass surgery". Circulation 2015; 130:e118-9. [PMID: 25245852 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.010924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio M Leone
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Iaconelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Luciani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melissa Manchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sang Hun Shin
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francesca Graziani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Biasillo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Macchione
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Costantino Smaldone
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cellini
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Siracusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Lara Ottaviani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Massetti
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Polina Goichberg
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Annarosa Leri
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Brahmkhatri VP, Prasanna C, Atreya HS. Insulin-like growth factor system in cancer: novel targeted therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:538019. [PMID: 25866791 PMCID: PMC4383470 DOI: 10.1155/2015/538019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for growth and survival that suppress apoptosis and promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastatic activities in various cancers. The IGFs actions are mediated through the IGF-1 receptor that is involved in cell transformation induced by tumour. These effects depend on the bioavailability of IGFs, which is regulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). We describe here the role of the IGF system in cancer, proposing new strategies targeting this system. We have attempted to expand the general viewpoint on IGF-1R, its inhibitors, potential limitations of IGF-1R, antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and IGFBP actions. This review discusses the emerging view that blocking IGF via IGFBP is a better option than blocking IGF receptors. This can lead to the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinmayi Prasanna
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Hanudatta S. Atreya
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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43
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Abstract
Exercise is the archetype of physiologic demands placed on the cardiovascular system. Acute responses provide an informative assessment of cardiovascular function and fitness, while repeated exercise promotes cardiovascular health and evokes important molecular, structural, and functional changes contributing to its effects in primary and secondary prevention. Here we examine the use of exercise in murine models, both as a phenotypic assay and as a provocative intervention. We first review the advantages and limitations of exercise testing for assessing cardiac function, then highlight the cardiac structural and cellular changes elicited by chronic exercise and key molecular pathways that mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Platt
- Cardiovascular Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Nicholas Houstis
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiovascular Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.,Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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44
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Isgaard J, Arcopinto M, Karason K, Cittadini A. GH and the cardiovascular system: an update on a topic at heart. Endocrine 2015; 48:25-35. [PMID: 24972804 PMCID: PMC4328125 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the importance of growth hormone (GH) for the maintenance of normal cardiac function in adult life is discussed. Physiological effects of GH and underlying mechanisms for interactions between GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the cardiovascular system are covered as well as the cardiac dysfunction caused both by GH excess (acromegaly) and by GH deficiency in adult hypopituitary patients. In both acromegaly and adult GH deficiency, there is also increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality possibly linked to aberrations in GH status. Finally, the status of the GH/IGF-I system in relation to heart failure and the potential of GH as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of heart failure are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Isgaard
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gröna Stråket 8, 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden,
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45
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Chen IY, Paulmurugan R, Nielsen CH, Wang DS, Chow V, Robbins RC, Gambhir SS. A titratable two-step transcriptional amplification strategy for targeted gene therapy based on ligand-induced intramolecular folding of a mutant human estrogen receptor. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 16:224-34. [PMID: 23955099 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy and safety of cardiac gene therapy depend critically on the level and the distribution of therapeutic gene expression following vector administration. We aimed to develop a titratable two-step transcriptional amplification (tTSTA) vector strategy, which allows modulation of transcriptionally targeted gene expression in the myocardium. PROCEDURES We constructed a tTSTA plasmid vector (pcTnT-tTSTA-fluc), which uses the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) promoter to drive the expression of the recombinant transcriptional activator GAL4-mER(LBD)-VP2, whose ability to transactivate the downstream firefly luciferase reporter gene (fluc) depends on the binding of its mutant estrogen receptor (ER(G521T)) ligand binding domain (LBD) to an ER ligand such as raloxifene. Mice underwent either intramyocardial or hydrodynamic tail vein (HTV) injection of pcTnT-tTSTA-fluc, followed by differential modulation of fluc expression with varying doses of intraperitoneal raloxifene prior to bioluminescence imaging to assess the kinetics of myocardial or hepatic fluc expression. RESULTS Intramyocardial injection of pcTnT-tTSTA-fluc followed by titration with intraperitoneal raloxifene led to up to tenfold induction of myocardial fluc expression. HTV injection of pcTnT-tTSTA-fluc led to negligible long-term hepatic fluc expression, regardless of the raloxifene dose given. CONCLUSIONS The tTSTA vector strategy can effectively modulate transgene expression in a tissue-specific manner. Further refinement of this strategy should help maximize the benefit-to-risk ratio of cardiac gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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46
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Redox regulation of cardiomyocyte cell cycling via an ERK1/2 and c-Myc-dependent activation of cyclin D2 transcription. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 79:54-68. [PMID: 25450615 PMCID: PMC4312357 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have a very limited capacity to proliferate, and consequently the loss of cells after cardiac stress promotes heart failure. Recent evidence suggests that administration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), can regulate redox-dependent signalling pathway(s) to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro, but the potential relevance of such a pathway in vivo has not been tested. We have generated a transgenic (Tg) mouse model in which the H2O2-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), is overexpressed within the postnatal cardiomyocytes, and observed that the hearts of 1-3week old Tg mice pups are larger in comparison to wild type (Wt) littermate controls. We demonstrate that the cardiomyocytes of Tg mouse pups have increased cell cycling capacity in vivo as determined by incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Further, microarray analyses of the transcriptome of these Tg mouse hearts suggested that the expression of cyclin D2 is significantly increased. We investigated the molecular mechanisms which underlie this more proliferative phenotype in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) in vitro, and demonstrate that Nox4 overexpression mediates an H2O2-dependent activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, which in turn phosphorylates and activates the transcription factor c-myc. This results in a significant increase in cyclin D2 expression, which we show to be mediated, at least in part, by cis-acting c-myc binding sites within the proximal cyclin D2 promoter. Overexpression of Nox4 in NRCs results in an increase in their proliferative capacity that is ablated by the silencing of cyclin D2. We further demonstrate activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, increased phosphorylation of c-myc and significantly increased expression of cyclin D2 protein in the Nox4 Tg hearts. We suggest that this pathway acts to maintain the proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes in Nox4 Tg pups in vivo and so delays their exit from the cell cycle after birth.
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47
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Gonzalez AB, Young L, Doll JA, Morgan GM, Crawford SE, Plunkett BA. Elevated neonatal insulin-like growth factor I is associated with fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in diabetic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:290.e1-7. [PMID: 24813596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or cardiac dysfunction is associated with elevated maternal or neonatal insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels in women with diabetes. STUDY DESIGN In a prospective cohort study, fetal echocardiogram findings at 36 weeks' gestation in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus were compared to those in women without diabetes mellitus. HCM was defined as septal or free wall thickness ≥5 mm and cardiac dysfunction as a modified myocardial performance index ≥0.43. Cord serum IGF-I levels at delivery were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neonates with abnormal fetal echocardiogram were followed up until resolution or 6 months of life. RESULTS In all, 75 participants completed fetal echocardiography (55 diabetics and 20 controls). In the diabetic group, 33 of 55 (60%) had abnormal fetal echocardiograms with cardiac dysfunction in 21 of 55 (38.2%) and HCM in 8 of 55 (14.5%) and both in 4 of 55 (7.3%). At 6 months of age, 1 of 12 (8%) had persistent HCM. None in the comparison group had abnormal findings. There were no significant clinical differences in those diabetic women with normal vs abnormal fetal echocardiograms. However, among diabetic women, mean neonatal IGF-I was significantly higher in fetuses with HCM (80 ± 16 ng/mL) as compared to those without HCM (61 ± 18 ng/mL), (P < .001). CONCLUSION Elevated neonatal IGF-I appears to be associated with fetal HCM in fetuses of diabetic women.
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48
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The heart: mostly postmitotic or mostly premitotic? Myocyte cell cycle, senescence, and quiescence. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:1270-8. [PMID: 25442430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of myocyte division and myocyte-mediated regeneration has re-emerged in the past 5 years through development of sophisticated transgenic mice and carbon-dating of cells. Although recently, a couple of studies have been conducted as an attempt to intervene in myocyte division, the efficiency in adult animals remains discouragingly low. Re-enforcing myocyte division is a vision that has been desired for decades, leading to years of experience in myocyte resistance to proproliferative stimuli. Previous attempts have indeed provided a platform for basic knowledge on molecular players and signalling in myocytes. However, natural biological processes such as hypertrophy and binucleation provide layers of complexity in interpretation of previous and current findings. A major hurdle in mediating myocyte division is a lack of insight in the myocyte cell cycle. To date, no knowledge is gained on myoycte cell cycle progression and/or duration. This review will include an overview of previous and current literature on myocyte cell cycle and division. Furthermore, the limitations of current approaches and basic questions that might be essential in understanding myocardial resistance to division will be discussed.
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49
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Naqvi N, Li M, Calvert JW, Tejada T, Lambert JP, Wu J, Kesteven SH, Holman SR, Matsuda T, Lovelock JD, Howard WW, Iismaa SE, Chan AY, Crawford BH, Wagner MB, Martin DIK, Lefer DJ, Graham RM, Husain A. A proliferative burst during preadolescence establishes the final cardiomyocyte number. Cell 2014; 157:795-807. [PMID: 24813607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is widely believed that perinatal cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation blocks cytokinesis, thereby causing binucleation and limiting regenerative repair after injury. This suggests that heart growth should occur entirely by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during preadolescence when, in mice, cardiac mass increases many-fold over a few weeks. Here, we show that a thyroid hormone surge activates the IGF-1/IGF-1-R/Akt pathway on postnatal day 15 and initiates a brief but intense proliferative burst of predominantly binuclear cardiomyocytes. This proliferation increases cardiomyocyte numbers by ~40%, causing a major disparity between heart and cardiomyocyte growth. Also, the response to cardiac injury at postnatal day 15 is intermediate between that observed at postnatal days 2 and 21, further suggesting persistence of cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity beyond the perinatal period. If replicated in humans, this may allow novel regenerative therapies for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawazish Naqvi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - John W Calvert
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Thor Tejada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Scott H Kesteven
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sara R Holman
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Torahiro Matsuda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua D Lovelock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wesley W Howard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Andrea Y Chan
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Brian H Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mary B Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David I K Martin
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - David J Lefer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
| | - Robert M Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia.
| | - Ahsan Husain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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50
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Puente BN, Kimura W, Muralidhar SA, Moon J, Amatruda JF, Phelps KL, Grinsfelder D, Rothermel BA, Chen R, Garcia JA, Santos CX, Thet S, Mori E, Kinter MT, Rindler PM, Zacchigna S, Mukherjee S, Chen DJ, Mahmoud AI, Giacca M, Rabinovitch PS, Aroumougame A, Shah AM, Szweda LI, Sadek HA. The oxygen-rich postnatal environment induces cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest through DNA damage response. Cell 2014; 157:565-79. [PMID: 24766806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart has a remarkable regenerative capacity for a short period of time after birth, after which the majority of cardiomyocytes permanently exit cell cycle. We sought to determine the primary postnatal event that results in cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest. We hypothesized that transition to the oxygen-rich postnatal environment is the upstream signal that results in cell-cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and DNA damage response (DDR) markers significantly increase in the heart during the first postnatal week. Intriguingly, postnatal hypoxemia, ROS scavenging, or inhibition of DDR all prolong the postnatal proliferative window of cardiomyocytes, whereas hyperoxemia and ROS generators shorten it. These findings uncover a protective mechanism that mediates cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest in exchange for utilization of oxygen-dependent aerobic metabolism. Reduction of mitochondrial-dependent oxidative stress should be an important component of cardiomyocyte proliferation-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao N Puente
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shalini A Muralidhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jesung Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - James F Amatruda
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kate L Phelps
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David Grinsfelder
- Department of Clinical Science, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Celio X Santos
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Medicine, James Black Centre, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - SuWannee Thet
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Paul M Rindler
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Shibani Mukherjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David J Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Asaithamby Aroumougame
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Department of Clinical Science, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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