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Waldron R, Rodriguez MDLAB, Williams JM, Ning Z, Ahmed A, Lindsay A, Moore T. JRK binds satellite III DNA and is necessary for the heat shock response. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38946594 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
JRK is a DNA-binding protein of the pogo superfamily of transposons, which includes the well-known centromere binding protein B (CENP-B). Jrk null mice exhibit epilepsy, and growth and reproductive disorders, consistent with its relatively high expression in the brain and reproductive tissues. Human JRK DNA variants and gene expression levels are implicated in cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders. JRK protein modulates β-catenin-TCF activity but little is known of its cellular functions. Based on its homology to CENP-B, we determined whether JRK binds centromeric or other satellite DNAs. We show that human JRK binds satellite III DNA, which is abundant at the chromosome 9q12 juxtacentromeric region and on Yq12, both sites of nuclear stress body assembly. Human JRK-GFP overexpressed in HeLa cells strongly localises to 9q12. Using an anti-JRK antiserum we show that endogenous JRK co-localises with a subset of centromeres in non-stressed cells, and with heat shock factor 1 following heat shock. Knockdown of JRK in HeLa cells proportionately reduces heat shock protein gene expression in heat-shocked cells. A role for JRK in regulating the heat shock response is consistent with the mouse Jrk null phenotype and suggests that human JRK may act as a modifier of diseases with a cellular stress component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Waldron
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - John M Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Zhenfei Ning
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew Lindsay
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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2
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Pfaltzgraff NG, Liu B, de Rooij DG, Page DC, Mikedis MM. Destabilization of mRNAs enhances competence to initiate meiosis in mouse spermatogenic cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.20.557439. [PMID: 37781613 PMCID: PMC10541148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.557439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The specialized cell cycle of meiosis transforms diploid germ cells into haploid gametes. In mammals, diploid spermatogenic cells acquire the competence to initiate meiosis in response to retinoic acid. Previous mouse studies revealed that MEIOC interacts with RNA-binding proteins YTHDC2 and RBM46 to repress mitotic genes and promote robust meiotic gene expression in spermatogenic cells that have initiated meiosis. Here, we used the enhanced resolution of scRNA-seq, and bulk RNA-seq of developmentally synchronized spermatogenesis, to define how MEIOC molecularly supports early meiosis in spermatogenic cells. We demonstrate that MEIOC mediates transcriptomic changes before meiotic initiation, earlier than previously appreciated. MEIOC, acting with YTHDC2 and RBM46, destabilizes its mRNA targets, including transcriptional repressors E2f6 and Mga , in mitotic spermatogonia. MEIOC thereby derepresses E2F6- and MGA-repressed genes, including Meiosin and other meiosis-associated genes. This confers on spermatogenic cells the molecular competence to, in response to retinoic acid, fully activate transcriptional regulator STRA8-MEIOSIN, required for the meiotic G1/S phase transition and meiotic gene expression. We conclude that in mice, mRNA decay mediated by MEIOC-YTHDC2-RBM46 enhances the competence of spermatogenic cells to initiate meiosis. SUMMARY STATEMENT RNA-binding complex MEIOC-YTHDC2-RBM46 destabilizes its mRNA targets, including transcriptional repressors. This activity facilitates the retinoic acid-dependent activation of Meiosin gene expression and transition into meiosis.
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3
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Cinone M, Albrizio M, Guaricci AC, Lacitignola L, Desantis S. Testicular expression of heat SHOCK proteins 60, 70, and 90 in cryptorchid horses. Theriogenology 2024; 217:83-91. [PMID: 38262223 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are the most evolutionarily conserved protein families induced by stressors including hyperthermia. In the context of pathologies of the male reproductive tract, cryptorchidism is the most common genital defect that compromises the reproductive potential of the male because it induces an increase in intratesticular temperature. In equine species, cryptorchidism affects almost 9 % of newborns and few studies have been carried out on the molecular aspects of the retained testis. In this study, the expression pattern of HSP60, 70, and 90 in abdominal and inguinal testes, in their contralateral descended normally testes, and in testes of normal horses were investigated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The histomorphological investigation of retained and scrotal testes was also investigated. The seminiferous epithelium of the retained testes showed a vacuolized appearance and displayed a completely blocked spermatogenesis for lacking meiotic and spermiogenetic cells. On the contrary, the contralateral scrotal testes did not show morphological damage and the seminiferous epithelium displayed all phases of the spermatogenetic cycle as in the normal testes. The morphology of Leydig cells was not affected by the cryptorchid state. Western blot and immunohistochemistry evidenced that equine testis (both scrotal and retained) expresses the three investigated HSPs. More in detail, the Western blot evidenced that HSP70 is the more expressed chaperone and that together with HSP90 it is highly expressed in the retained gonad (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of the three HSPs in the spermatogonia of normal and cryptorchid testes. Spermatogonia of retained testes showed the lowest expression of HSP60 and the highest expression of HSP90. Spermatocytes, spermatids of scrotal testes, and the Sertoli cells of retained and scrotal testes did not display HSP60 whereas expressed HSP70 and HSP90. These two proteins were also localized in the nucleus of the premeiotic cells. The Leydig cells displayed the three HSPs with the higher immunostaining of HSP70 and 90 in the cryptorchid testes. The results indicate that the heat stress condition occurring in the cryptorchid testis influences the expression of HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cinone
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Maria Albrizio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Antonio Ciro Guaricci
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Salvatore Desantis
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy.
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4
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Tang S, Jones C, Davies J, Lane S, Mitchell RT, Coward K. Determining the optimal time interval between sample acquisition and cryopreservation when processing immature testicular tissue to preserve fertility. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104841. [PMID: 38104854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of immature testicular tissue (ITT) prior to gonadotoxic therapy is crucial for fertility preservation in prepubertal boys with cancer. However, the optimal holding time between tissue collection and cryopreservation has yet to be elucidated. Using the bovine model, we investigated four holding times (1, 6, 24, and 48 h) for ITTs before cryopreservation. Biopsies from two-week-old calves were stored in transport medium and cryopreserved following a standard slow-freezing clinical protocol. Thawed samples were then assessed for viability, morphology, and gene expression by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Analysis failed to identify any significant changes in cell viability when compared between the different groups. Sertoli (Vimentin+) and proliferating cells (Ki67+) were well-preserved. The expression of genes related to germ cells, spermatogenesis (STRA8, PLZF, GFRα-1, C-KIT, THY1, UCHL-1, NANOG, OCT-4, CREM), and apoptosis (HSP70-2) remained stable over 48 h. However, seminiferous cord detachment increased significantly in the 48-h group (p < 0.05), with associated cord and SSC shrinkage. Collectively, our analyses indicate that bovine ITTs can be stored for up to 48 h prior to cryopreservation with no impact on cell viability and the expression levels of key genes. However, to preserve the morphology of frozen-thawed tissue, the ideal processing time would be within 24 h. Testicular tissues obtained from patients for fertility preservation often need to be transported over long distances to be cryopreserved in specialist centres. Our findings highlight the importance of determining optimal tissue transport times to ensure tissue quality in cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Tang
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Davies
- Oxford Cell and Tissue Biobank, Children's Hospital Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Lane
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Children's Hospital Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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5
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Tan SY, Liu CL, Han HL, Zhai XD, Jiang H, Wang BJ, Wang JJ, Wei D. Two heat shock cognate 70 genes involved in spermatogenesis regulate the male fertility of Zeugodacus cucurbitae, as potential targets for pest control. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105816. [PMID: 38582574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an agricultural quarantine pest threatening fruit and vegetable production. Heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70), which is a homolog of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), was first discovered in mice testes and plays an important role in spermatogenesis. In this study, we identified and cloned five Hsc70 genes from melon fly, namely ZcHsc70_1/2/3/4/5. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these proteins are closely related to Hsc70s from other Diptera insects. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that ZcHsc70_1 and ZcHsc70_2 are highly expressed in Z. cucurbitae testes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization further demonstrated that ZcHsc70_1 and ZcHsc70_2 are expressed in the transformation and maturation regions of testes, respectively. Moreover, RNA interference-based suppression of ZcHsc70_1 or ZcHsc70_2 resulted in a significant decrease of 74.61% and 63.28% in egg hatchability, respectively. Suppression of ZcHsc70_1 expression delayed the transformation of sperm cells to mature sperms. Meanwhile, suppression of ZcHsc70_2 expression decreased both sperm cells and mature sperms by inhibiting the meiosis of spermatocytes. Our findings show that ZcHsc70_1/2 regulates spermatogenesis and further affects the male fertility in the melon fly, showing potential as targets for pest control in sterile insect technique by genetic manipulation of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yuan Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chuan-Lian Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong-Liang Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Di Zhai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bao-Jun Wang
- Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management of Invasive Alien Species in Guizhou Education Department, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China.
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6
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Lykins J, Moschitto MJ, Zhou Y, Filippova EV, Le HV, Tomita T, Fox BA, Bzik DJ, Su C, Rajagopala SV, Flores K, Spano F, Woods S, Roberts CW, Hua C, El Bissati K, Wheeler KM, Dovgin S, Muench SP, McPhillie M, Fishwick CW, Anderson WF, Lee PJ, Hickman M, Weiss LM, Dubey JP, Lorenzi HA, Silverman RB, McLeod RL. From TgO/GABA-AT, GABA, and T-263 Mutant to Conception of Toxoplasma. iScience 2024; 27:108477. [PMID: 38205261 PMCID: PMC10776954 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii causes morbidity, mortality, and disseminates widely via cat sexual stages. Here, we find T. gondii ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is conserved across phyla. We solve TgO/GABA-AT structures with bound inactivators at 1.55 Å and identify an inactivator selective for TgO/GABA-AT over human OAT and GABA-AT. However, abrogating TgO/GABA-AT genetically does not diminish replication, virulence, cyst-formation, or eliminate cat's oocyst shedding. Increased sporozoite/merozoite TgO/GABA-AT expression led to our study of a mutagenized clone with oocyst formation blocked, arresting after forming male and female gametes, with "Rosetta stone"-like mutations in genes expressed in merozoites. Mutations are similar to those in organisms from plants to mammals, causing defects in conception and zygote formation, affecting merozoite capacitation, pH/ionicity/sodium-GABA concentrations, drawing attention to cyclic AMP/PKA, and genes enhancing energy or substrate formation in TgO/GABA-AT-related-pathways. These candidates potentially influence merozoite's capacity to make gametes that fuse to become zygotes, thereby contaminating environments and causing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lykins
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew J. Moschitto
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ekaterina V. Filippova
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hoang V. Le
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Tadakimi Tomita
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Barbara A. Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - David J. Bzik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Chunlei Su
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Seesandra V. Rajagopala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kristin Flores
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Furio Spano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stuart Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Scotland, UK
| | - Craig W. Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Scotland, UK
| | - Cong Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kamal El Bissati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kelsey M. Wheeler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah Dovgin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen P. Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, West York LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Martin McPhillie
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Colin W.G. Fishwick
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Wayne F. Anderson
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Patricia J. Lee
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Military Malaria Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Mark Hickman
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Military Malaria Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jitender P. Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Hernan A. Lorenzi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Richard B. Silverman
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rima L. McLeod
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Institute of Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, Global Health Center, Toxoplasmosis Center, CHeSS, The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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7
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Shkrigunov T, Zgoda V, Klimenko P, Kozlova A, Klimenko M, Lisitsa A, Kurtser M, Petushkova N. The Application of Ejaculate-Based Shotgun Proteomics for Male Infertility Screening. Biomedicines 2023; 12:49. [PMID: 38255156 PMCID: PMC10813512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Problems with the male reproductive system are of both medical and social significance. As a rule, spermatozoa and seminal plasma proteomes are investigated separately to assess sperm quality. The current study aimed to compare ejaculate proteomes with spermatozoa and seminal plasma protein profiles regarding the identification of proteins related to fertility scores. A total of 1779, 715, and 2163 proteins were identified in the ejaculate, seminal plasma, and spermatozoa, respectively. Among these datasets, 472 proteins were shared. GO enrichment analysis of the common proteins enabled us to distinguish biological processes such as single fertilization (GO:0007338), spermatid development (GO:0007286), and cell motility (GO:0048870). Among the abundant terms for GO cellular components, zona pellucida receptor complex, sperm fibrous sheath, and outer dense fiber were revealed. Overall, we identified 139 testis-specific proteins. For these proteins, PPI networks that are common in ejaculate, spermatozoa, and seminal plasma were related to the following GO biological processes: cilium movement (GO:0003341), microtubule-based movement (GO:0007018), and sperm motility (GO:0097722). For ejaculate and spermatozoa, they shared 15 common testis-specific proteins with spermatogenesis (GO:0007283) and male gamete generation (GO:0048232). Therefore, we speculated that ejaculate-based proteomics could yield new insights into the peculiar reproductive physiology and spermatozoa function of men and potentially serve as an explanation for male infertility screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Shkrigunov
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (N.P.)
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Peter Klimenko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Kozlova
- Center of Scientific and Practical Education, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria Klimenko
- Center for Family Planning and Reproduction, Moscow Department of Health, 117209 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey Lisitsa
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (N.P.)
- Center of Scientific and Practical Education, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mark Kurtser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Natalia Petushkova
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.); (N.P.)
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8
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Abedin SN, Baruah A, Baruah KK, Bora A, Dutta DJ, Kadirvel G, Katiyar R, Doley S, Das S, Khargharia G, Sarkar B, Sinha S, Phookan A, Dewry RK, Kalita MK, Chakravarty H, Deori S. Zinc oxide and selenium nanoparticles can improve semen quality and heat shock protein expression in cryopreserved goat (Capra hircus) spermatozoa. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127296. [PMID: 37659125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly linked with oxidative stress (OS) generated during the process of sperm cryopreservation. Indeed, cellular damage from ROS has been implicated during sperm cryopreservation which causes deterioration in sperm quality and antioxidant nanoparticles (NPs) have been successful in preventing such damage. The interaction of NPs with sperm cells has been less frequently explored in farm animals. OBJECTIVE The present study explored the effect of NP supplementation on sperm ultrastructure, potential interaction with sperm membrane (plasma and acrosome membrane), heat shock protein (HSP) gene expression levels and sperm quality in cryopreserved buck semen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two (32) ejaculates were collected from four (4) adult male bucks and then diluted in Tris- citric acid- fructose- egg yolk (TCFY) extender containing the Zinc-oxide (ZnO) and Selenium (Se) NP treatments (T0: Control; TZn: 0.1 mg/mL ZnO NPs and TSe: 1 µg/mL Se NPs) after initial evaluation. Diluted semen was packed in 0.25 mL French mini straws and then stored in liquid nitrogen (LN2). Sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation (LPO) profile, sperm head morphology ultrastructural classification under transmission electron microscope (TEM), potential interaction of NPs with sperm membrane and expression of HSP genes were evaluated in the different treatment groups. RESULTS We found a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane, and intact acrosome in the ZnO (0.1 mg/mL) and Se (1 µg/mL) NP supplemented groups in comparison to the frozen control group. TEM assessment revealed no internalization of both ZnO and Se NPs into the sperm structure. Few occasional contacts of ZnO NPs with the sperm membrane and a few agglomerates of Se NPs around the area of damaged membranes were visualized. HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the NP supplemented groups in comparison to the control. HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels had a strong positive association with sperm motility and a weak to moderate association with other sperm parameters. CONCLUSIONS Current findings indicated that ZnO NPs are more potent than Se NPs in ameliorating peroxidative damages during sperm cryopreservation, increases semen quality parameters possibly by increasing the expression levels of HSP genes in buck semen. Furthermore, NP supplementation may have a potential role in preserving sperm head ultrastructure by acting as an antioxidant and reducing OS during various degrees of cellular insults, which needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Nabil Abedin
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Anubha Baruah
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Baruah
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Arundhati Bora
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Devo Jyoti Dutta
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Govindasamy Kadirvel
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Rahul Katiyar
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sunil Doley
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Samir Das
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Gautam Khargharia
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | - Sudip Sinha
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Arundhati Phookan
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Raju Kumar Dewry
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kalita
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Himsikha Chakravarty
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sourabh Deori
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Meghalaya, India.
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9
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Goktepe O, Onder GO, Cetindag E, Bitgen N, Cengiz Mat O, Alisan Suna P, Tufan E, Yalcın B, Baran M, Öz Gergin Ö, Yay A. The effect of different doses of nonylphenol on the blood-testicular barrier integrity, hormone level, and DNA damage in the testes of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113816. [PMID: 37164249 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining the molecular characteristics of the damage caused by NP exposure in the testis is very important for understanding the source of the damage and developing treatment methods accordingly. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to evaluate the toxic effects that different doses of NP may cause in the testis, including blood-testicular barrier integrity and sperm DNA damage. For this purpose, 50 adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. Low, medium, and high-dose NP groups and the corn oil group were formed. After NP administration at determined doses for 15 days, the testis tissue taken under anesthesia was fixed in formaldehyde. Paraffin blocks were embedded using the routine histological tissue follow-up method. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed by taking 5 μm thick sections from paraffin blocks. The other testicular tissue was taken for the Western blot, Elisa, and comet methods, and the findings of sperm DNA analysis and the blood-testicular barrier were examined. NP caused the seminiferous epithelium to be disorganized and have significantly fewer cells in the testes of rats in different dose NP-induced groups. Compared with the control group, mTOR, Cx43, SCF, and HSP70 protein levels were decreased, while the expression of MMP-9 levels was increased in the different NP dose groups. Furthermore, tissue testosterone and inhibin B levels and SF-1 immunoreactivity intensity gradually decreased depending on the dose increase of NP. DNA damage of testicular tissues were increased in NP groups depending on NP dose. These results suggest that it is evident that NP, a commonly used industrial chemical, is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) with estrogenic activity exerting adverse effects on health and that urgent measures are needed regarding the use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Goktepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Ozge Onder
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Emre Cetindag
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde, Turkey.
| | - Nazmiye Bitgen
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ozge Cengiz Mat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Alisan Suna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Emre Tufan
- Department of Biophysics, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Betul Yalcın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Adıyaman University, Faculty of Medicine, 02040, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Munevver Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Öz Gergin
- Department of Surgical Medicine Science, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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10
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Gómez-Torres MJ, Huerta-Retamal N, Sáez-Espinosa P, Robles-Gómez L, Avilés M, Aizpurua J. Molecular Chaperone HSPA2 Distribution During Hyaluronic Acid Selection in Human Sperm. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1176-1185. [PMID: 35819578 PMCID: PMC10160204 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
During fertilization, sperm hyaluronidase activity is essential for spermatozoa to successfully penetrate the hyaluronic acid-enriched extracellular matrix of the cumulus cells. Since molecular chaperones, as the heat shock protein A2, are typically involved in bringing hyaluronic acid receptors to the cell surface, here we evaluated the presence and spatial location of HSPA2 on human spermatozoa based on its hyaluronic acid binding capacity. This study included 16 normozoospermic sperm samples from volunteering donors. The location of HSPA2 was studied in cells before and after 1-h incubation under capacitating conditions, as well as in spermatozoa selected according to their ability of binding to hyaluronic acid. Our results showed no significant differences in HSPA2 immunofluorescent cells before and after 1 h of incubation in capacitating conditions. Nevertheless, after hyaluronic acid selection, the percentage of HSPA2-labelled cells increased significantly, indicating that the interaction with hyaluronic acid may induce the unmasking of HSPA2 epitopes. Furthermore, after swim-up and hyaluronic acid selection, spermatozoa presented a highly immunostained equatorial band with a homogeneous fluorescence throughout the acrosomal region. This distribution has been previously suggested to have important implications in male fertility. Noteworthy, a homogeneous fluorescence among the acrosomal region with a more intense labelling at the apical region was observed only in hyaluronic acid bound sperm cells, which may be associated with primary gamete recognition. Our findings suggest that the hyaluronic acid selection technique and HSPA2 biomarker should be considered candidates to complement the classic seminal analysis before recommending an appropriate assisted reproduction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Gómez-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
- Cátedra Human Fertility, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Paula Sáez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Robles-Gómez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Avilés
- Departamento de Biología Celular E Histología, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Sociosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30003, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jon Aizpurua
- IVF Spain, Medicina Reproductiva, 03540, Alicante, Spain
- Cátedra Human Fertility, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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11
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Regulation of germline proteostasis by HSF1 and insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:501-512. [PMID: 36892215 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for cellular function and organismal health and requires the concerted actions of protein synthesis, folding, transport, and turnover. In sexually reproducing organisms, the immortal germline lineage passes genetic information across generations. Accumulating evidence indicates the importance of proteome integrity for germ cells as genome stability. As gametogenesis involves very active protein synthesis and is highly energy-demanding, it has unique requirements for proteostasis regulation and is sensitive to stress and nutrient availability. The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a key transcriptional regulator of cellular response to cytosolic and nuclear protein misfolding has evolutionarily conserved roles in germline development. Similarly, insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling, a major nutrient-sensing pathway, impacts many aspects of gametogenesis. Here, we focus on HSF1 and IIS to review insights into their roles in germline proteostasis and discuss the implications on gamete quality control during stress and aging.
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12
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Novel NLRP14 Mutations Induce Azoospermia. Andrologia 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/9295049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. LR family pyrin domain-containing 14 (NLRP14 or NALP14) is one of the important members of the NLR family and was mainly expressed in testis. It is reported that deficiency in the NALP14 gene in mice can cause spermatogenic failure, and several NALP14 mutations have been found in oligospermia and infertile men. Case Presentation. This study reported two novel NALP14 mutations (c.2076delC: p.L697X and c.T2963C: p.F988S) in our patients with azoospermia. The exonic deletion mutation (c.2076delC) and one missense mutation (c.T2963C) were firstly screened out by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and further verified by amplifying and sequencing the specific exons 5 and 10. Histological analysis of testicular biopsy revealed that NALP14 expression was detected strongly in spermatogonia and weakly in early spermatocytes. Additionally, mutations in this gene caused meiotic arrest, and no postmeiotic round spermatids and mature spermatozoa were observed in the seminiferous tubules. Conclusions. This study and previous literatures showed that NLRP14 mutations are closely related to male infertility; we discovered two novel NALP14 mutations and summarized the kinds of literatures on NLRP14 mutations and male infertility. This is the first report that deletion mutation (c.2076delC) and one missense mutation (c.T2963C) in NALP14 all lead to azoospermia, which is still significant to the clinical auxiliary diagnosis of male infertility.
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13
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Wen Z, Zhu H, Wang J, Wu B, Zhang A, Zhao H, Song C, Liu S, Cheng Y, Wang H, Li J, Sun D, Fu X, Gao J, Liu M. Conditional deletion of Hspa5 leads to spermatogenesis failure and male infertility in mice. Life Sci 2023; 314:121319. [PMID: 36574945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have important roles in different developmental stages of spermatogenesis. The heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (HSPA5) is an important component of the unfolded protein response that promotes cell survival under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. In this study, we explored the function of HSPA5 in spermatogenesis, by generating a germ cell-specific deletion mutant of the Hspa5 gene (conditional knockout of the Hspa5 gene, Hspa5-cKO) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and the Cre/Loxp system. Hspa5 knockout resulted in severe germ cell loss and vacuolar degeneration of seminiferous tubules, leading to complete arrest of spermatogenesis, testicular atrophy, and male infertility in adult mice. Furthermore, defects occurred in the spermatogenic epithelium of Hspa5-cKO mice as early as Cre recombinase expression. Germ cell ablation of Hspa5 impaired spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation from post-natal day 7 (P7) to P10, which led to a dramatic reduction of differentiated spermatogonia, compromised meiosis, and led to impairment of testis development and the disruption of the first wave of spermatogenesis. Consistent with these results, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis showed that germ cells, especially differentiated spermatogonia, were dramatically reduced in Hspa5-cKO testes compared with controls at P10, further confirming that HSPA5 is crucial for germ cell development. These results suggest that HSPA5 is indispensable for normal spermatogenesis and male reproduction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzhuang Wen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jinan Vacational College of Nursing, Jinan 250102, PR China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Aizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Chenyang Song
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Shuangyuan Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Yin Cheng
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, Institute of Science and Technology, National Health Commission, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Daqing Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300041, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, PR China.
| | - Jiangang Gao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, PR China; School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Min Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, PR China.
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14
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CLPP Depletion Causes Diplotene Arrest; Underlying Testis Mitochondrial Dysfunction Occurs with Accumulation of Perrault Proteins ERAL1, PEO1, and HARS2. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010052. [PMID: 36611846 PMCID: PMC9818230 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Perrault syndrome (PRLTS) is autosomal, recessively inherited, and characterized by ovarian insufficiency with hearing loss. Among the genetic causes are mutations of matrix peptidase CLPP, which trigger additional azoospermia. Here, we analyzed the impact of CLPP deficiency on male mouse meiosis stages. Histology, immunocytology, different OMICS and biochemical approaches, and RT-qPCR were employed in CLPP-null mouse testis. Meiotic chromosome pairing and synapsis proceeded normally. However, the foci number of the crossover marker MLH1 was slightly reduced, and foci persisted in diplotene, most likely due to premature desynapsis, associated with an accumulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX. No meiotic M-phase cells were detected. Proteome profiles identified strong deficits of proteins involved in male meiotic prophase (HSPA2, SHCBP1L, DMRT7, and HSF5), versus an accumulation of AURKAIP1. Histone H3 cleavage, mtDNA extrusion, and cGAMP increase suggested innate immunity activation. However, the deletion of downstream STING/IFNAR failed to alleviate pathology. As markers of underlying mitochondrial pathology, we observed an accumulation of PRLTS proteins ERAL1, PEO1, and HARS2. We propose that the loss of CLPP leads to the extrusion of mitochondrial nucleotide-binding proteins to cytosol and nucleus, affecting late meiotic prophase progression, and causing cell death prior to M-phase entry. This phenotype is more severe than in mito-mice or mutator-mice.
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15
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Expression Analysis of Molecular Chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 on Development and Metabolism of Different Organs and Testis in Cattle (Cattle-yak and Yak). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111114. [PMID: 36422254 PMCID: PMC9694778 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 and Hsp90 play an important role in testis development and spermatogenesis regulation, but the exact connection between Hsp70 and Hsp90 and metabolic stress in cattle is unclear. Here, we focused on the male cattle−yak and yak, investigated the expression and localization of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in their tissues, and explored the influence of these factors on development and metabolism. In our study, a total of 54 cattle (24 cattle−yaks and 30 yaks; aged 1 day to 10 years) were examined. The Hsp90 mRNA of the cattle−yak was first cloned and compared with that of the yak, and variation in the amino acid sequence was found, which led to differences in protein spatial structure. Using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) techniques, we investigated whether the expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 mRNA and protein are different in the cattle−yak and yak. We found a disparity in Hsp70 and Hsp90 mRNA and protein expression in different non-reproductive organs and in testicular tissues at different stages of development, while high expression was observed in the testes of both juveniles and adults. Moreover, it was intriguing to observe that Hsp70 expression was significantly high in the yak, whereas Hsp90 was high in the cattle−yak (p < 0.01). We also examined the location of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the testis by immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques, and the results showed that Hsp70 and Hsp90 were positive in the epithelial cells, spermatogenic cells, and mesenchymal cells. In summary, our study proved that Hsp70 and Hsp90 expressions were different in different tissues (kidney, heart, cerebellum, liver, lung, spleen, and testis), and Hsp90 expression was high in the testis of the cattle−yak, suggesting that dysplasia of the cattle−yak may correlate with an over-metabolism of Hsp90.
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16
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Li Y, Meng R, Li S, Gu B, Xu X, Zhang H, Tan X, Shao T, Wang J, Xu D, Wang F. The ZFP541-KCTD19 complex is essential for pachytene progression by activating meiotic genes during mouse spermatogenesis. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:1029-1041. [PMID: 35341968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Meiosis is essential for fertility in sexually reproducing species and this sophisticated process has been extensively studied. Notwithstanding these efforts, key factors involved in meiosis have not been fully characterized. In this study, we investigate the regulatory roles of zinc finger protein 541 (ZFP541) and its interacting protein potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 19 (KCTD19) in spermatogenesis. ZFP541 is expressed from leptotene to the round spermatid stage, while the expression of KCTD19 is initiated in pachytene. Depletion of Zfp541 or Kctd19 leads to infertility in male mice and delays progression from early to mid/late pachynema. In addition, Zfp541-/- spermatocytes show abnormal programmed DNA double-strand break repair, impaired crossover formation and resolution, and asynapsis of the XY chromosomes. ZFP541 interacts with KCTD19, histone deacetylase 1/2 (HDAC1/2), and deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal-interacting protein 1 (DNTTIP1). Moreover, ZFP541 binds to and activates the expression of genes involved in meiosis and post-meiosis including Kctd19; in turn, KCTD19 promotes the transcriptional activation activity of ZFP541. Taken together, our studies reveal that the ZFP541/KCTD19 signaling complex, acting as a key transcription regulator, plays an indispensable role in male fertility by regulating pachytene progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Li
- The School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ranran Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shanze Li
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bowen Gu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haihang Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xinshui Tan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tianyu Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dan Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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17
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Li Y, Huang Y, Sun H, Wang T, Ru W, Pan L, Zhao X, Dong Z, Huang W, Jin W. Heat shock protein 101 contributes to the thermotolerance of male meiosis in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3702-3717. [PMID: 35758611 PMCID: PMC9516056 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures interfere with meiotic recombination and the subsequent progression of meiosis in plants, but few genes involved in meiotic thermotolerance have been characterized. Here, we characterize a maize (Zea mays) classic dominant male-sterile mutant Ms42, which has defects in pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Ms42 encodes a member of the heat shock protein family, HSP101, which accumulates in pollen mother cells. Analysis of the dominant Ms42 mutant and hsp101 null mutants reveals that HSP101 functions in RADIATION SENSITIVE 51 loading, DSB repair, and subsequent meiosis. Consistent with these functions, overexpression of Hsp101 in anthers results in robust microspores with enhanced heat tolerance. These results demonstrate that HSP101 mediates thermotolerance during microsporogenesis, shedding light on the genetic basis underlying the adaptation of male meiocytes to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huayue Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingling Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Author for correspondence: (W.H.), (W.J.)
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Author for correspondence: (W.H.), (W.J.)
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18
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Abstract
The proteostasis network (PN) regulates protein synthesis, folding, and degradation and is critical for the health and function of all cells. The PN has been extensively studied in the context of aging and age-related diseases, and loss of proteostasis is regarded as a major contributor to many age-associated disorders. In contrast to somatic tissues, an important feature of germ cells is their ability to maintain a healthy proteome across generations. Accumulating evidence has now revealed multiple layers of PN regulation that support germ cell function, determine reproductive capacity during aging, and prioritize reproduction at the expense of somatic health. Here, we review recent insights into these different modes of regulation and their implications for reproductive and somatic aging.
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19
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Griffin RA, Swegen A, Baker MA, Ogle RA, Smith N, Aitken RJ, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Fair S, Gibb Z. Proteomic analysis of spermatozoa reveals caseins play a pivotal role in preventing short-term periods of subfertility in stallions. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:741-755. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Stallions experience transient fluctuations in fertility throughout the breeding season. Considering pregnancy diagnoses cannot be ascertained until ~14 days post-breeding, the timely detection of decreases in stallion fertility would enhance industry economic and welfare outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the proteomic signatures reflective of short-term fertility fluctuations, and to determine the biological mechanisms governing such differences. Using LC–MS/MS, we compared the proteomic profile of semen samples collected from commercially “fertile” stallions, during high- and low-fertility periods. A total of 1702 proteins were identified, of which, 38 showed a significant change in abundance (p ≤ 0.05). Assessment of intra- and inter-stallion variability revealed that caseins (namely κ-, α-S1-, and α-S2-casein), were significantly more abundant during “high-fertility” periods, while several epididymal, and seminal plasma proteins (chiefly, epididymal sperm binding protein 1 [ELSPbP1], horse seminal plasma protein 1 [HSP-1] and clusterin), were significantly more abundant during “low-fertility” periods. We hypothesised that an increased abundance of caseins offers greater protection from potentially harmful seminal plasma proteins, thereby preserving cell functionality and fertility. In vitro exposure of spermatozoa to casein resulted in decreased levels of lipid scrambling (Merocyanine 540), higher abundance of sperm-bound caseins (α-S1-, α-S2-, and κ-casein), and lower abundance of sperm-bound HSP-1 (p ≤ 0.05). This study demonstrates key pathways governing short-term fertility fluctuations in the stallion, thereby providing a platform to develop robust, fertility assessment strategies into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Ann Griffin
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aleona Swegen
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Baker
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Ann Ogle
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan Smith
- Analytical and Biomedical Research Facility, Research Division, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Anthony Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean Fair
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, Biomaterials Research Cluster, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Zamira Gibb
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Heat Shock Factors in Protein Quality Control and Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:181-199. [PMID: 36472823 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of cellular protein quality control is crucial for cellular health. It appears that the protein quality control machinery is subjected to distinct regulation in different cellular contexts such as in somatic cells and in germ cells. Heat shock factors (HSFs) play critical role in the control of quality of cellular proteins through controlling expression of many genes encoding different proteins including those for inducible protein chaperones. Mammalian cells exert distinct mechanism of cellular functions through maintenance of tissue-specific HSFs. Here, we have discussed different HSFs and their functions including those during spermatogenesis. We have also discussed the different heat shock proteins induced by the HSFs and their activities in those contexts. We have also identified several small molecule activators and inhibitors of HSFs from different sources reported so far.
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21
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Zhao Q, Huang JF, Cheng Y, Dai MY, Zhu WF, Yang XW, Gonzalez FJ, Li F. Polyamine metabolism links gut microbiota and testicular dysfunction. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:224. [PMID: 34758869 PMCID: PMC8582214 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male fertility impaired by exogenous toxins is a serious worldwide issue threatening the health of the new-born and causing infertility. However, the metabolic connection between toxic exposures and testicular dysfunction remains unclear. RESULTS In the present study, the metabolic disorder of testicular dysfunction was investigated using triptolide-induced testicular injury in mice. We found that triptolide induced spermine deficiency resulting from disruption of polyamine biosynthesis and uptake in testis, and perturbation of the gut microbiota. Supplementation with exogenous spermine reversed triptolide-induced testicular dysfunction through increasing the expression of genes related to early and late spermatogenic events, as well as increasing the reduced number of offspring. Loss of gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment resulted in depletion of spermine levels in the intestine and potentiation of testicular injury. Testicular dysfunction in triptolide-treated mice was reversed by gut microbial transplantation from untreated mice and supplementation with polyamine-producing Parabacteroides distasonis. The protective effect of spermine during testicular injury was largely dependent on upregulation of heat shock protein 70s (HSP70s) both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The present study linked alterations in the gut microbiota to testicular dysfunction through disruption of polyamine metabolism. The diversity and dynamics of the gut microbiota may be considered as a therapeutic option to prevent male infertility. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jian-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Shanwei Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanwei, Guangdong Province 516622 China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Man-Yun Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004 China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Fei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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22
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Wessel GM, Wada Y, Yajima M, Kiyomoto M. Sperm lacking Bindin are infertile but are otherwise indistinguishable from wildtype sperm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21583. [PMID: 34732750 PMCID: PMC8566474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion is limited to only a few cell types in the body of most organisms and sperm and eggs are paradigmatic in this process. The specialized cellular mechanism of fertilization includes the timely exposure of gamete-specific interaction proteins by the sperm as it approaches the egg. Bindin in sea urchin sperm is one such gamete interaction protein and it enables species-specific interaction with a homotypic egg. We recently showed that Bindin is essential for fertilization by use of Cas9 targeted gene inactivation in the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Here we show phenotypic details of Bindin-minus sperm. Sperm lacking Bindin do not bind to nor fertilize eggs at even high concentrations, yet they otherwise have wildtype morphology and function. These features include head shape, tail length and beating frequency, an acrosomal vesicle, a nuclear fossa, and they undergo an acrosomal reaction. The only phenotypic differences between wildtype and Bindin-minus sperm identified is that Bindin-minus sperm have a slightly shorter head, likely as a result of an acrosome lacking Bindin. These data, and the observation that Bindin-minus embryos develop normally and metamorphose into normal functioning adults, support the contention that Bindin functions are limited to species-specific sperm-egg interactions. We conclude that the evolutionary divergence of Bindin is not constrained by any other biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Wessel
- Division of BioMed, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Yuuko Wada
- Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Kou-yatsu 11, Tateyama, Chiba, 294-0301, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yajima
- Division of BioMed, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Masato Kiyomoto
- Tateyama Marine Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Center, Ochanomizu University, Kou-yatsu 11, Tateyama, Chiba, 294-0301, Japan
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23
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Zhai LL, Qiao PP, Sun YS, Tang ZG, Ju TF. Upregulated HSPA2 predicts early relapse of pancreatic cancer after surgery. Gland Surg 2021; 10:2140-2149. [PMID: 34422585 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2) is known to relate to the pathogenesis and progress of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the connection between HSPA2 and early postsurgical relapse of pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods Expression of HSPA2 in 85 pairs of cancerous and matched noncancerous samples was determined by immunostaining method. The relationship between HSPA2 expression and early postsurgical recurrence was assessed using logistic regression. The performance and potential application of HSPA2 expression to predict early postsurgical recurrence was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results HSPA2 expression in tumor specimens was markedly elevated compared with non-tumor specimens. Logistic regression analysis indicated that HSPA2 upregulation was an independent risk marker for early postsurgical recurrence of PC. ROC curve analysis and DCA demonstrated that both the area under the curve (AUC) and the net benefit of HSPA2 expression were higher than those of other clinicopathologic features in predicting early postsurgical relapse of PC. The combination of HSPA2 expression with other malignant clinicopathologic characteristics had greater AUC and net benefit relative to them alone in predicting early postsurgical recurrence. Conclusions Upregulated HSPA2 independently predicts early postsurgical recurrence of PC and has superior predictive performance and potential application value when combined with malignant clinicopathologic features. Our findings reveal that HSPA2 is a promising predictor for early postoperative relapse of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yue-Shen Sun
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong-Fa Ju
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Polyubiquitin gene Ubb is required for upregulation of Piwi protein level during mouse testis development. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:194. [PMID: 34312369 PMCID: PMC8313548 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Testis development, including early embryonic gonad formation and late postnatal spermatogenesis, is essential for the reproduction of higher metazoans to generate fertile gametes, called sperm. We have previously reported that the polyubiquitin gene Ubb is required for fertility in both male and female mice. In particular, the Ubb-null male mice showed an azoospermia phenotype due to arrest of spermatogenesis at the pachytene stage. Here, we analyzed the whole testis proteome at postnatal day 20 to define the molecular mediators of the male-infertility phenotype caused by Ubb knockout. From the identified proteome, 564 proteins were significantly and differentially expressed in Ubb-knockout testes and, among these, 36 downregulated proteins were involved at different stages of spermatogenesis. We also found that levels of piRNA metabolic process-related proteins, including Piwil2 and Tdrd1, were downregulated in Ubb-null testes through functional gene ontology analysis. Further, protein-protein interaction mapping revealed that 24 testis development-related proteins, including Hsp90aa1, Eef1a1, and Pabpc1, were directly influenced by the depletion of ubiquitin. In addition, the reduced mRNA levels of these proteins were observed in Ubb-knockout testes, which closely resembled the global downregulation of piRNA-metabolic gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Together with proteomic and transcriptional analyses, our data suggest that Ubb expression is essential for the maintenance of testicular RNA-binding regulators and piRNA-metabolic proteins to complete spermatogenesis in mice.
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25
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Thind AS, Vitali V, Guarracino MR, Catania F. What's Genetic Variation Got to Do with It? Starvation-Induced Self-Fertilization Enhances Survival in Paramecium. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:626-638. [PMID: 32163147 PMCID: PMC7239694 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pervasiveness of sex despite its well-known costs is a long-standing puzzle in evolutionary biology. Current explanations for the success of sex in nature largely rely on the adaptive significance of the new or rare genotypes that sex may generate. Less explored is the possibility that sex-underlying molecular mechanisms can enhance fitness and convey benefits to the individuals that bear the immediate costs of sex. Here, we show that the molecular environment associated with self-fertilization can increase stress resistance in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia. This advantage is independent of new genetic variation, coupled with a reduced nutritional input, and offers fresh insights into the mechanistic origin of sex. In addition to providing evidence that the molecular underpinnings of sexual reproduction and the stress response are linked in P. tetraurelia, these findings supply an integrative explanation for the persistence of self-fertilization in this ciliate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarinder Singh Thind
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Vitali
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Rosario Guarracino
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Catania
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of Münster, Germany
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26
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Weiss B, Allen GE, Kloehn J, Abid K, Jaquier-Gubler P, Curran JA. eIF4E3 forms an active eIF4F complex during stresses (eIF4FS) targeting mTOR and re-programs the translatome. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5159-5176. [PMID: 33893802 PMCID: PMC8136781 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The eIF4E are a family of initiation factors that bind the mRNA 5′ cap, regulating the proteome and the cellular phenotype. eIF4E1 mediates global translation and its activity is controlled via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. mTOR down-regulation results in eIF4E1 sequestration into an inactive complex with the 4E binding proteins (4EBPs). The second member, eIF4E2, regulates the translatome during hypoxia. However, the exact function of the third member, eIF4E3, has remained elusive. We have dissected its function using a range of techniques. Starting from the observation that it does not interact with 4EBP1, we demonstrate that eIF4E3 recruitment into an eIF4F complex occurs when Torin1 inhibits the mTOR pathway. Ribo-seq studies demonstrate that this complex (eIF4FS) is translationally active during stress and that it selects specific mRNA populations based on 5′ TL (UTR) length. The interactome reveals that it associates with cellular proteins beyond the cognate initiation factors, suggesting that it may have ‘moon-lighting’ functions. Finally, we provide evidence that cellular metabolism is altered in an eIF4E3 KO background but only upon Torin1 treatment. We propose that eIF4E3 acts as a second branch of the integrated stress response, re-programming the translatome to promote ‘stress resistance’ and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - George Edward Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Kloehn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Abid
- Catecholamine and Peptides Laboratory, Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Jaquier-Gubler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Cafe SL, Nixon B, Ecroyd H, Martin JH, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Bromfield EG. Proteostasis in the Male and Female Germline: A New Outlook on the Maintenance of Reproductive Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660626. [PMID: 33937261 PMCID: PMC8085359 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For fully differentiated, long lived cells the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) becomes a crucial determinant of cellular function and viability. Neurons are the most well-known example of this phenomenon where the majority of these cells must survive the entire course of life. However, male and female germ cells are also uniquely dependent on the maintenance of proteostasis to achieve successful fertilization. Oocytes, also long-lived cells, are subjected to prolonged periods of arrest and are largely reliant on the translation of stored mRNAs, accumulated during the growth period, to support meiotic maturation and subsequent embryogenesis. Conversely, sperm cells, while relatively ephemeral, are completely reliant on proteostasis due to the absence of both transcription and translation. Despite these remarkable, cell-specific features there has been little focus on understanding protein homeostasis in reproductive cells and how/whether proteostasis is "reset" during embryogenesis. Here, we seek to capture the momentum of this growing field by highlighting novel findings regarding germline proteostasis and how this knowledge can be used to promote reproductive health. In this review we capture proteostasis in the context of both somatic cell and germline aging and discuss the influence of oxidative stress on protein function. In particular, we highlight the contributions of proteostasis changes to oocyte aging and encourage a focus in this area that may complement the extensive analyses of DNA damage and aneuploidy that have long occupied the oocyte aging field. Moreover, we discuss the influence of common non-enzymatic protein modifications on the stability of proteins in the male germline, how these changes affect sperm function, and how they may be prevented to preserve fertility. Through this review we aim to bring to light a new trajectory for our field and highlight the potential to harness the germ cell's natural proteostasis mechanisms to improve reproductive health. This manuscript will be of interest to those in the fields of proteostasis, aging, male and female gamete reproductive biology, embryogenesis, and life course health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenae L. Cafe
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacinta H. Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David A. Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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28
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Sepers B, Erven JAM, Gawehns F, Laine VN, van Oers K. Epigenetics and Early Life Stress: Experimental Brood Size Affects DNA Methylation in Great Tits (Parus major). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.609061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early developmental conditions are known to have life-long effects on an individual’s behavior, physiology and fitness. In altricial birds, a majority of these conditions, such as the number of siblings and the amount of food provisioned, are controlled by the parents. This opens up the potential for parents to adjust the behavior and physiology of their offspring according to local post-natal circumstances. However, the mechanisms underlying such intergenerational regulation remain largely unknown. A mechanism often proposed to possibly explain how parental effects mediate consistent phenotypic change is DNA methylation. To investigate whether early life effects on offspring phenotypes are mediated by DNA methylation, we cross-fostered great tit (Parus major) nestlings and manipulated their brood size in a natural study population. We assessed genome-wide DNA methylation levels of CpG sites in erythrocyte DNA, using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS). By comparing DNA methylation levels between biological siblings raised in enlarged and reduced broods and between biological siblings of control broods, we assessed which CpG sites were differentially methylated due to brood size. We found 32 differentially methylated sites (DMS) between siblings from enlarged and reduced broods, a larger number than in the comparison between siblings from control broods. A considerable number of these DMS were located in or near genes involved in development, growth, metabolism, behavior and cognition. Since the biological functions of these genes line up with previously found effects of brood size and food availability, it is likely that the nestlings in the enlarged broods suffered from nutritional stress. We therefore conclude that early life stress might directly affect epigenetic regulation of genes related to early life conditions. Future studies should link such experimentally induced DNA methylation changes to expression of phenotypic traits and assess whether these effects affect parental fitness to determine if such changes are also adaptive.
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29
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Ribeiro JC, Alves MG, Amado F, Ferreira R, Oliveira P. Insights and clinical potential of proteomics in understanding spermatogenesis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:13-25. [PMID: 33567922 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1889373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: With the worldwide decline on male fertility potential, the importance of the insight of the spermatogenic process has been increasing. In recent years, proteomic methodologies have been applied to seminal fluid of infertile men to search for infertility potential biomarkers. However, to understand the spermatogenic event and to search for treatment to spermatogenic impairment, comparative analysis of testicular proteomics is considered a powerful methodology.Areas covered: Herein, we present a critical overview of the studies addressing proteomic alterations in the development of spermatogenesis during puberty, as well as during the different phases of the spermatogenic event. The comparative studies of the proteomic testicular profile of men with and without spermatogenic impairment are also discussed and key proteins and pathways involved highlighted.Expert opinion: The usage of whole human testicular tissue with its heterogeneous cellular composition makes proteome data interpretation particularly challenging. This may be minimized by controlled experiments involving the collection of testicular tissue and sperm from the same individuals, integrated in a clinically characterized cohort of healthy and infertile men. The analysis of specific subcellular proteomes can add more information to the proteomic puzzle, opening new treatment possibilities for infertile/subfertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Ribeiro
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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30
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Dias TR, Agarwal A, Pushparaj PN, Ahmad G, Sharma R. Reduced semen quality in patients with testicular cancer seminoma is associated with alterations in the expression of sperm proteins. Asian J Androl 2020; 22:88-93. [PMID: 31006710 PMCID: PMC6958970 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_17_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer seminoma is one of the most common types of cancer among men of reproductive age. Patients with this condition usually present reduced semen quality, even before initiating cancer therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms by which testicular cancer seminoma affects male fertility are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the sperm proteome of men with seminoma undergoing sperm banking before starting cancer therapy, in comparison to healthy proven fertile men (control group). A routine semen analysis was conducted before cryopreservation of the samples (n = 15 per group). Men with seminoma showed a decrease in sperm motility (P = 0.019), total motile count (P = 0.001), concentration (P = 0.003), and total sperm count (P = 0.001). Quantitative proteomic analysis identified 393 differentially expressed proteins between the study groups. Ten proteins involved in spermatogenesis, sperm function, binding of sperm to the oocyte, and fertilization were selected for validation by western blot. We confirmed the underexpression of heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 (P = 0.041), ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein 2 (P = 0.026), and testis-specific sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 (P = 0.016), as well as the overexpression of angiotensin I converting enzyme (P = 0.005) in the seminoma group. The altered expression levels of these proteins are associated with spermatogenesis dysfunction, reduced sperm kinematics and motility, failure in capacitation and fertilization. The findings of this study may explain the decrease in the fertilizing ability of men with seminoma before starting cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia R Dias
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã 6201-001, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulfam Ahmad
- Division of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney University, Lidcombe NSW 2141, Australia
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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31
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Huerta-Retamal N, Sáez-Espinosa P, Robles-Gómez L, Avilés M, Romero A, Aizpurua J, Gómez-Torres MJ. Human sperm chaperone HSPA2 distribution during in vitro capacitation. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 143:103246. [PMID: 33246276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human fertilization success depends on the ability of the spermatozoa to undergo capacitation. Even though this process can be conducted in vitro, the optimal time for a sperm cell to complete capacitation in vitro is still under discussion due to the lack of proper capacitation biomarkers. Here, we evaluated the influence of in vitro capacitation time on HSPA2 distribution over human sperm head testing this chaperone as a potential capacitation biomarker. The chaperone was assessed in human spermatozoa from 16 normozoospermic donors using indirect immunofluorescence in uncapacitated, one and four-hour capacitated spermatozoa. The percentage of HSPA2 immunofluorescent cells before and after one hour of capacitation did not differ significantly. However, after four hours of capacitation, we observed a significantly higher percentage of HSPA2 labelled cells. In fluorescent cells analysed before capacitation, we could not identify a predominant distribution pattern. Meanwhile, after capacitation, most sperm showed a highly labelled equatorial band accompanied by a homogeneous fluorescence throughout the acrosomal region. Our findings suggest that HSPA2 needs more than one hour of in vitro capacitation for being correctly distributed in the anterior region of the sperm head. In conclusion, the present study provides solid evidences for the utility of HSPA2 as a biomarker of human sperm in vitro capacitation. Due to its importance during egg-sperm recognition, the use of HSPA2 as a biomarker before an artificial reproduction technique may be suggested, in addition to a longer capacitation time during sperm preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Sáez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Laura Robles-Gómez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Manuel Avilés
- Departamento de Biología celular e Histología, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Sociosanitaria (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, 30003, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Jon Aizpurua
- IVF Spain, Medicina Reproductiva, Alicante, 03540, Spain; Cátedra Human Fertility, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Gómez-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain; Cátedra Human Fertility, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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A noncanonical role of NOD-like receptor NLRP14 in PGCLC differentiation and spermatogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22237-22248. [PMID: 32839316 PMCID: PMC7486727 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005533117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are traditionally recognized as key surveillance pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) during innate immune regulation. Several NLRs exhibit highly restricted expression in mammalian germline, where their physiological functions are largely unknown. Here we report that Nlrp14, an NLR specifically expressed in testis and ovary, plays a critical role in regulating germ cell differentiation and reproduction. Nlrp14 deficiency led to decreased primordial germ cell-like cell (PGCLC) differentiation in vitro and reproduction failure in both male and female mice in vivo. In the male mice, Nlrp14 knockout strongly compromised differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells and meiosis. Mechanistically, NLRP14 protected HSPA2 from proteasome-mediated degradation by recruiting BAG2, loss of which was further confirmed in a human mutation associated with male sterility. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are traditionally recognized as major inflammasome components. The role of NLRs in germ cell differentiation and reproduction is not known. Here, we identified the gonad-specific Nlrp14 as a pivotal regulator in primordial germ cell-like cell (PGCLC) differentiation in vitro. Physiologically, knock out of Nlrp14 resulted in reproductive failure in both female and male mice. In adult male mice, Nlrp14 knockout (KO) inhibited differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and meiosis, resulting in trapped SSCs in early stages, severe oligozoospermia, and sperm abnormality. Mechanistically, NLRP14 promoted spermatogenesis by recruiting a chaperone cofactor, BAG2, to bind with HSPA2 and form the NLRP14−HSPA2−BAG2 complex, which strongly inhibited ChIP-mediated HSPA2 polyubiquitination and promoted its nuclear translocation. Finally, loss of HSPA2 protection and BAG2 recruitment by NLRP14 was confirmed in a human nonsense germline variant associated with male sterility. Together, our data highlight a unique proteasome-mediated, noncanonical function of NLRP14 in PGCLC differentiation and spermatogenesis, providing mechanistic insights of gonad-specific NLRs in mammalian germline development.
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Distinct expression and localization patterns of HSP70 in developmental reproductive organs of rams. Gene 2020; 760:145029. [PMID: 32758578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been widely reported to play a vital role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis, mainly through cellular protection and immune regulation. The expression and function of HSP70 can vary depending upon species and age. To explore the expression signatures and regulatory functions of HSP70 in the reproductive organs of male sheep, we evaluated the expression and distribution patterns of HSP70 in the testes and epididymides (caput, corpus, and cauda) of Tibetan sheep at three developmental stages (i.e., 3 months, 1 year and 3 years after birth) by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. HSP70 was found to be expressed in testes, caput, corpus, and cauda epididymides throughout the developmental stages but is mainly expressed postpuberty (1 year and 3 years old). Immunofluorescence results revealed that in the testes, a positive reaction for HSP70 protein was mainly seen in round spermatids and luminal sperms from the groups aged 1 year and 3 years. In caput epididymides, the positive signals for HSP70 protein was notably observed in sperm and principal cells of the epididymal epithelium from the groups aged 1 year and 3 years, and positive signals in the epididymal interstitium were found in all three age groups. In corpus and cauda epididymides, HSP70 protein was present in the epididymal epithelium and interstitium, and the positive signals gradually increased with age. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Tibetan sheep HSP70 may play a crucial role in further development and maturation of postmeiotic germ cells and participate in regulation of intraepididymal homeostasis maintenance in Tibetan sheep.
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Albrizio M, Lacalandra GM, Volpe S, Nicassio M, Cinone M. Heat SHOCK proteins in equine spermatozoa: Expression and correlation to kinetic and environmental parameters. Theriogenology 2020; 155:185-196. [PMID: 32711220 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Proteins are chaperones primary involved in the repair of cellular damages induced by temperature. The harmful effect of temperature on the male gonad is well known, on the contrary knowledge on the effects of the environment on semen quality are still insufficient. The aim of this paper was to learn more about the role of HSPs and the environment in modulating the physiology of equine male gonads. We showed a detailed analysis of equine semen characteristic and the expression level of three HSPs (60-70-90) over a one-year period analyzing the effects of temperature and humidity and the correlation among the different variables. We showed also that the interpretation of results depends strongly on the way in which data are assembled and analyzed, therefore we compared results obtained from three different ways of grouping: according to single months, to weather seasons and to mare reproductive periods. Results showed that the expression of the three HSPs is correlated to the environment through temperature and humidity and that it reaches the highest level in the breeding season and in summer. We found also that HSPs expression is correlated to some variables describing the quality of equine semen (concentration) and the kinetic of spermatozoa (total motility-MOT, %, average path velocity -VAP, μm/s- and lateral head displacement -ALH, μm). No correlation was found between HSPs expression and the mitochondrial membrane potential; while viability and HSP90 expression resulted positively correlated. The month-by-month analysis evidenced that in February equine semen has the highest kinetic characteristics (increased linearity -LIN, %-, straightness -STR, % -and average path velocity -VAP, μm/s) with the highest number of motile, progressive motile and rapid cells. These results may have a great impact in the comprehension of functional aspects of the physiology of equine semen and may have potential implications for breeders who want to understand the period (and/or month) of the year in which equine semen reaches the best characteristics with increased chances for better results in reproductive practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albrizio
- Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation, Italy.
| | - G M Lacalandra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari-Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - S Volpe
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari-Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - M Nicassio
- Prevention Department-Veterinary service, area A of the Local Healthcare (ASL), Bari, Italy
| | - M Cinone
- Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation, Italy
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Wang X, Xie W, Yao Y, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Cui Y, Guo X, Yuan Y, Zhou Z, Liu M. The heat shock protein family gene Hspa1l in male mice is dispensable for fertility. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8702. [PMID: 32231871 PMCID: PMC7098389 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein family A member 1 like (Hspa1l) is a member of the 70kD heat shock protein (Hsp70) family. HSPA1L is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved gene with a highly conserved domain structure. The gene is highly abundant and constitutively expressed in the mice testes. However, the role of Hspa1l in the testes has still not been elucidated. Methods Hspa1l-mutant mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Histological and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the phenotypes of testis and epididymis. Apoptotic cells were detected through TUNEL assays. Fertility and sperm motilities were also tested. Quantitative RT-PCR was used for analyzing of candidate genes expression. Heat treatment was used to induce heat stress of the testis. Results We successfully generated Hspa1l knockout mice. Hspa1l -/- mice exhibited normal development and fertility. Further, Hspa1l -/- mice shown no significant difference in spermatogenesis, the number of apoptotic cells in testes epididymal histology, sperm count and sperm motility from Hspa1l +/+ mice. Moreover, heat stress does not exacerbate the cell apoptosis in Hspa1l -/- testes. These results revealed that HSPA1L is not essential for physiological spermatogenesis, nor is it involved in heat-induced stress responses, which provides a basis for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiu Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yejin Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianli Zhou
- Animal Core Facility, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Agarwal A, Panner Selvam MK, Baskaran S. Proteomic Analyses of Human Sperm Cells: Understanding the Role of Proteins and Molecular Pathways Affecting Male Reproductive Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051621. [PMID: 32120839 PMCID: PMC7084638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sperm proteomics research has gained increasing attention lately, which provides complete information about the functional state of the spermatozoa. Changes in the sperm proteome are evident in several male infertility associated conditions. Global proteomic tools, such as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight, are used to profile the sperm proteins to identify the molecular pathways that are defective in infertile men. This review discusses the use of proteomic techniques to analyze the spermatozoa proteome. It also highlights the general steps involved in global proteomic approaches including bioinformatic analysis of the sperm proteomic data. Also, we have presented the findings of major proteomic studies and possible biomarkers in the diagnosis and therapeutics of male infertility. Extensive research on sperm proteome will help in understanding the role of fertility associated sperm proteins. Validation of the sperm proteins as biomarkers in different male infertility conditions may aid the physician in better clinical management.
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Grandhaye J, Partyka A, Ligocka Z, Dudek A, Niżański W, Jeanpierre E, Estienne A, Froment P. Metformin Improves Quality of Post-Thaw Canine Semen. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020287. [PMID: 32059492 PMCID: PMC7070956 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cryopreservation of semen is getting easier, however, fertilizing results after insemination with frozen-thawed semen is still not constant in canine species depending on the breed and could be still improved. In this study, we decided to modulate the mitochondrial activity through the addition of metformin in semen extender to increase germ cells’ quality. Metformin presented the absence of toxicity and an improvement in sperm motility after thawing, as well as an increase in the expression of several molecular markers associated with quality. In addition, the oxidative stress and DNA damage were reduced in semen frozen in the presence of metformin. Overall, these data suggest that metformin added in canine semen extender has beneficial effects on canine semen quality and could be associated with different components such as vitamins, to enhance the antioxidants status. Abstract Sperm cryopreservation is an assisted reproductive technique routinely used in canine species for genetic conservation. However, during cryopreservation, the DNA damages are still elevated, limiting the fertilization rate. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether supplementation of canine semen extender with a molecule limiting the metabolic activities can improve the quality of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa. We used metformin, known to limit the mitochondrial respiratory and limit the oxidative stress. Before and during the freezing procedure, metformin (50 µM and 500 µM) has been added to the extender. After thawing, sperm exposed to metformin conserved the same viability without alteration in the membrane integrity or acrosome reaction. Interestingly, 50 µM metformin improved the sperm motility in comparison to the control, subsequently increasing mitochondrial activity and NAD+ content. In addition, the oxidative stress level was reduced in sperm treated with metformin improving the sperm quality as measured by a different molecular marker. In conclusion, we have shown that metformin is able to improve the quality of frozen-thawed dog semen when it is used during the cryopreservative procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Grandhaye
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (J.G.); (E.J.); (A.E.)
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnieszka Partyka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.L.); (A.D.); (W.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (P.F.); Tel.: +48-7-13-20-53-00 (A.P.); +33-2-47-42-78-24 (P.F.)
| | - Zuzanna Ligocka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.L.); (A.D.); (W.N.)
| | - Agata Dudek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.L.); (A.D.); (W.N.)
| | - Wojciech Niżański
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (Z.L.); (A.D.); (W.N.)
| | - Eric Jeanpierre
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (J.G.); (E.J.); (A.E.)
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (J.G.); (E.J.); (A.E.)
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (J.G.); (E.J.); (A.E.)
- CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France
- IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (P.F.); Tel.: +48-7-13-20-53-00 (A.P.); +33-2-47-42-78-24 (P.F.)
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Aldahhan RA, Stanton PG, Ludlow H, de Kretser DM, Hedger MP. Acute heat-treatment disrupts inhibin-related protein production and gene expression in the adult rat testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110546. [PMID: 31422101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat reversibly disrupts spermatogenesis, but the effects on Sertoli cell (SC) function and inhibin/activin-related proteins are less well-defined. Adult rat testis weights decreased by 40% within 2 weeks after heat-treatment (43 °C, 15 min), due to loss of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Coincident effects were reduced SC nuclear volume at one week and >50% reduction in expression of several critical SC genes (Inha, Cld11, Gja1, Tjp1, Cldn3) by 2 weeks. Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, were also reduced. Activin gene expression was unaffected at this time, but expression of the activin-binding protein, follistatin (Fst), increased >2-fold. At 4-8 weeks, coincident with the recovery of spermatocytes and early spermatids, but progressive loss of elongated spermatids, most SC genes had recovered; however, testicular activin A was reduced and activin B increased. At 8 weeks, serum inhibin was decreased and, consequently, serum FSH increased. Crucially, germ cell damage was not associated with a significant inflammatory response. At 14 weeks, most testicular parameters had returned to normal, but testis weights remained slightly reduced. These data indicate that, following acute heat-treatment, expression of several key Sertoli and Leydig cell genes declined in parallel with the initial loss of meiotic germ cells, whereas activins were responsive to the subsequent loss of mature spermatids, leading to an increase in testicular activin B production relative to activin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid A Aldahhan
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Peter G Stanton
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David M de Kretser
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark P Hedger
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Williams PA, Kobilnyk HE, McMillan EA, Strochlic TI. MAPKAP kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of HspA1L protects male germ cells from heat stress-induced apoptosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1127-1136. [PMID: 31642047 PMCID: PMC6882973 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing male germ cells are extremely sensitive to heat stress; consequently, anatomic and physiologic adaptations have evolved to maintain proper thermoregulation during mammalian spermatogenesis. At the cellular level, increased expression and activity of HSP70 family members occur in response to heat stress in order to refold partially denatured proteins and restore function. In addition, several kinase-mediated signaling pathways are activated in the testis upon hyperthermia. The p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in mitigating heat stress, and recent findings have implicated the downstream p38 substrate, MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2), in this process. However, the precise function that this kinase plays in spermatogenesis is not completely understood. Using a proteomics-based screen, we identified and subsequently validated that the testis-enriched HSP70 family member, HspA1L, is a novel substrate of MK2. We demonstrate that MK2 phosphorylates HspA1L solely on Ser241, a residue within the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain of the enzyme. This phosphorylation event enhances the chaperone activity of HspA1L in vitro and renders male germ cells more resistant to heat stress-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings illustrate a novel stress-induced signaling cascade that promotes the chaperone activity of HspA1L with implications for understanding male reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th St., MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Heather E Kobilnyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th St., MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Emily A McMillan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th St., MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Todd I Strochlic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th St., MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Scieglinska D, Krawczyk Z, Sojka DR, Gogler-Pigłowska A. Heat shock proteins in the physiology and pathophysiology of epidermal keratinocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1027-1044. [PMID: 31734893 PMCID: PMC6882751 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), a large group of highly evolutionary conserved proteins, are considered to be main elements of the cellular proteoprotection system. HSPs are encoded by genes activated during the exposure of cells to proteotoxic factors, as well as by genes that are expressed constitutively under physiological conditions. HSPs, having properties of molecular chaperones, are involved in controlling/modulation of multiple cellular and physiological processes. In the presented review, we summarize the current knowledge on HSPs in the biology of epidermis, the outer skin layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium. This tissue has a vital barrier function preventing from dehydratation due to passive diffusion of water out of the skin, and protecting from infection and other environmental insults. We focused on HSPB1 (HSP27), HSPA1 (HSP70), HSPA2, and HSPC (HSP90), because only these HSPs have been studied in the context of physiology and pathophysiology of the epidermis. The analysis of literature data shows that HSPB1 plays a role in the regulation of final steps of keratinization; HSPA1 is involved in the cytoprotection, HSPA2 contributes to the early steps of keratinocyte differentiation, while HSPC is essential in the re-epithelialization process. Since HSPs have diverse functions in various types of somatic tissues, in spite of multiple investigations, open questions still remain about detailed roles of a particular HSP isoform in the biology of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Zdzisław Krawczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Damian Robert Sojka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gogler-Pigłowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center Gliwice Branch, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
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Nakamura N, Sloper DT, Del Valle PL. Gene expression profiling of cultured mouse testis fragments treated with ethinylestradiol. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:667-679. [PMID: 31588058 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of xenobiotic-induced testicular toxicity is important in drug development. Nonetheless, in vitro models to test drugs and chemicals that may cause testicular toxicity are lacking, requiring the continued use of animal models for those studies. We previously evaluated an in vitro mouse testis organ culture system using ethinylestradiol (EE), a well-studied testicular toxicant, and demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship between adverse effects to germ cell differentiation and increasing EE concentrations. However, we terminated that study after 20 days of culture due to oxygen deficiency during germ cell differentiation. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to identify gene(s) with potential for supporting the histopathological evaluations of testicular toxicity using in vitro testis organ culture system. We cultured testis fragments obtained from mice at postnatal day (PND) 5 in α-Minimal Essential Medium containing 40 mg/mL AlbuMAX™ I and treated them with 0.01 or 1 nM EE on day 1 of culture. On day 20, we collected testis fragments for RNA sequencing analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We found that phospholipase C, zeta 1 and testis-specific serine kinase 4 genes, that are involved in spermatogenesis and predominantly expressed in the testis, were significantly reduced in testis fragments treated with the highest concentration of EE. Also, cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 (Cyp26b1) and interleukin 16 (Il16) were up-regulated in the highest EE-treated groups. Further studies are needed to confirm the variations of these gene expression using other testicular toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nakamura
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, USA
| | - Daniel T Sloper
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, USA
| | - Pedro L Del Valle
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, USA
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Zhang L, Huang Y, Wang M, Guo Y, Liang J, Yang X, Qi W, Wu Y, Si J, Zhu S, Li Z, Li R, Shi C, Wang S, Zhang Q, Tang Z, Wang L, Li K, Fei JF, Lan G. Development and Genome Sequencing of a Laboratory-Inbred Miniature Pig Facilitates Study of Human Diabetic Disease. iScience 2019; 19:162-176. [PMID: 31376679 PMCID: PMC6677790 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pig has been proved to be a valuable large animal model used for research on diabetic disease. However, their translational value is limited given their distinct anatomy and physiology. For the last 30 years, we have been developing a laboratory Asian miniature pig inbred line (Bama miniature pig [BM]) from the primitive Bama xiang pig via long-term selective inbreeding. Here, we assembled a BM reference genome at full chromosome-scale resolution with a total length of 2.49 Gb. Comparative and evolutionary genomic analyses identified numerous variations between the BM and commercial pig (Duroc), particularly those in the genetic loci associated with the features advantageous to diabetes studies. Resequencing analyses revealed many differentiated gene loci associated with inbreeding and other selective forces. These together with transcriptome analyses of diabetic pig models provide a comprehensive genetic basis for resistance to diabetogenic environment, especially related to energy metabolism. Bama miniature pig (BM) is one of the pig lines with the highest inbreeding coefficient This atlas is a report on the chromosome-level genome assembly of miniature pig Genomic analyses revealed genetic basis underlying BM's advantages to study diabetes Some lncRNAs and mRNAs may be linked to resistance to diabetogenic environment
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuemeng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yafen Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Xiurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinglei Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Siran Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qunjie Zhang
- Institution of Genomics and Bioinformatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhonglin Tang
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ji-Feng Fei
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Kohan L, Tabiee O, Sepahi N. HSPA1L and HSPA1B gene polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with idiopathic male infertility in Iranian population. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 240:57-61. [PMID: 31228677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Male infertility is a multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction between the genetic and environmental factors. Spermatogenic failure accounts for more than half of male infertility cases. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the molecular chaperones that are involved in different developmental stages of spermatogenesis. The current study was planned to investigate the role of HSPA1L rs2227956 and HSPA1B rs1061581 gene polymorphisms in idiopathic male infertility. STUDY DESIGN This case-control study was conducted on 516 subjects consisted of 308 patients with idiopathic male infertility and 208 age matched-(±5) control subjects. HSPA1L rs2227956 and HSPA1B rs1061581 polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS A significant association with male infertility was found for HSPA1L rs2227956 in genotypes (TT vs CT: OR = 2.049, 95% CI = 1.337-3.139, P = 0.001; TT vs CC: OR = 3.028, 95% CI = 1.100-8.332, P = 0.032). In the dominant genetic model, rs2227956C allele increased the risk of male infertility (OR = 2.049, 95% CI = 1.337-3.139, P = 0.001). Also, the results showed a significant association between the HSPA1B rs1061581GG genotype and male infertility (OR = 2.638, 95% CI: 1.001-4.486, P = 0.001). The rs1061581 G allele was a risk factor for male infertility (OR = 1.657, 95% CI = 1.278-2.148, P < 0.001). Haplotype analysis showed CG and TA (rs2227956/ rs1061581) haplotype affect the risk of male infertility (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION HSPA1L rs2227956 and HSPA1B rs1061581 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to idiopathic male infertility in Iranian population. Further studies in different ethnicity are necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kohan
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran.
| | - Omid Tabiee
- Department of Natural Resources, Arsanjan branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Neda Sepahi
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
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Liu T, Han Y, Liu Y, Zhao H. Genomewide identification and analysis of heat-shock proteins 70/110 to reveal their potential functions in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6968-6985. [PMID: 31467669 PMCID: PMC6712388 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins 70/110 (Hsp70/110) are vital molecular chaperones and stress proteins whose expression and production are generally induced by extreme temperatures or external stresses. The Hsp70/110 family is largely conserved in diverse animals. Although many reports have studied and elaborated on the characteristics of Hsp70/110 in various species, the systematic identification and analysis of Hsp70/110 are still poor in turtles. In this study, a genomewide search was performed, and 18 candidate PsHSP70/110 family genes were identified in Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. These PsHSP70/110 proteins contained the conserved "heat shock protein 70" domain. Phylogenetic analysis of PsHSP70/110 and their homologs revealed evolutionary conservation of Hsp70/110 across different species. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that these PsHSP70/110 genes were differentially expressed in different tissues of P. sinensis. Furthermore, to examine the putative biological functions of PsHSP70/110, the dynamic expression of PsHSP70/110 genes was analyzed in the testis of P. sinensis during seasonal spermatogenesis following germ cell apoptosis. Notably, genes such as PsHSPA1B-L, PsHSPA2, and PsHSPA8 were significantly upregulated in P. sinensis testes along with a seasonal decrease in apoptosis. Protein interaction prediction revealed that PsHSPA1B-L, PsHSPA2, and PsHSPA8 may interact with each other and participate in the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that PsHSPA1B-L, PsHSPA2, and PsHSPA8 protein expression was associated with seasonal temperature variation. The expression profiling and interaction relationships of the PsHSPA1B-L, PsHSPA2, and PsHSPA8 proteins implied their potential roles in inhibiting the apoptosis of germ cells in P. sinensis. These results provide insights into PsHSP70/110 functions and will serve as a rich resource for further investigation of HSP70/110 family genes in P. sinensis and other turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yawen Han
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Huiying Zhao
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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45
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Research update and opportunity of non-hormonal male contraception: Histone demethylase KDM5B-based targeting. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kokubu D, Ooba R, Abe Y, Ishizaki H, Yoshida S, Asano A, Kashiwabara SI, Miyazaki H. Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) powder and its functional compound xanthoangelol prevent heat stress-induced impairment in sperm density and quality in mouse testes. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:139-146. [PMID: 30686791 PMCID: PMC6473112 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, gradual decline in human sperm production has become a serious worldwide concern because it leads to increased rates of infertility. Endocrine disrupters, lifestyle changes, and
varicocele, all of which elevate testicular temperature, are thought to be the main causes of this decline. The present study aimed to determine whether the dietary phytochemicals
Angelica keiskei (Ashitaba) powder (57.5 mg/kg) and its functional component, xanthoangelol (3 mg/kg), can prevent heat stress-induced impairment in sperm density and
quality in mice. Sperm parameters were analyzed 28 days after mice exposure to heat. Supplementation with Ashitaba powder completely prevented heat-induced impairment in sperm parameters,
including densities of motile sperms and progressive sperms (> 25 μm/sec), and amplitude of lateral head displacement. Xanthoangelol did not exert a complete protective effect;
nevertheless, it significantly prevented heat stress-induced reduction in most parameters. Both Ashitaba powder and xanthoangelol elevated the expression of the widely expressed heat shock
proteins (HSPs) Hspa1a and Hsp40 and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione synthase in non-stressed testes. Ashitaba powder significantly
prevented heat stress-induced reduction in the expression of Hspa1l and Hspa2, which are highly expressed in the testes and critical for fertility. Our
results showed that Ashitaba powder and xanthoangelol protected testicular cells from heat stress, probably by elevating the levels of antioxidant enzymes and HSPs. Supplementation with
dietary functional phytochemicals may help prevent heat stress-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kokubu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Ooba
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hana Ishizaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yoshida
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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Kakihana A, Oto Y, Saito Y, Nakayama Y. Heat shock-induced mitotic arrest requires heat shock protein 105 for the activation of spindle assembly checkpoint. FASEB J 2018; 33:3936-3953. [PMID: 30496702 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801369r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock causes proteotoxic stress that induces various cellular responses, including delayed mitotic progression and the generation of an aberrant number of chromosomes. In this study, heat shock delayed the onset of anaphase by increasing the number of misoriented cells, accompanied by the kinetochore localization of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related (BubR)1 in a monopolar spindle (Mps)1-dependent manner. The mitotic delay was canceled by knockdown of mitotic arrest defect (Mad)2. Knockdown of heat shock protein (Hsp)105 partially abrogated the mitotic delay with the loss of the kinetochore localization of BubR1 under heat shock conditions and accelerated mitotic progression under nonstressed conditions. Consistent with this result, Hsp105 knockdown increased the number of anaphase cells with lagging chromosomes, through mitotic slippage, and decreased taxol sensitivity more than Mad2 knockdown. Hsp105 was coprecipitated with cell division cycle (Cdc)20 in an Mps1-dependent manner; however, its knockdown did not affect coprecipitation of Mad2 and BubR1 with Cdc20. We propose that heat shock delays the onset of anaphase via the activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Hsp105 prevents abnormal cell division by contributing to SAC activation under heat shock and nonstressed conditions by interacting with Cdc20 but not affecting formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex.-Kakihana, A., Oto, Y., Saito, Y., Nakayama, Y. Heat shock-induced mitotic arrest requires heat shock protein 105 for the activation of spindle assembly checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Kakihana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yui Oto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Heidari M, Darbani S, Darbandi M, Lakpour N, Fathi Z, Zarnani AH, Zeraati H, Akhondi MM, Sadeghi MR. Assessing the potential of HSPA2 and ADAM2 as two biomarkers for human sperm selection. HUM FERTIL 2018; 23:123-133. [PMID: 30463455 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2018.1534277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Selection of the best sperm, with the least defects, is a critical factor in the success of ART especially in male factor infertility. This study assessed the potential Heat shock protein (HSPA2) and metallopeptidase domain2 (ADAM2) biomarkers for sperm selection. Sperm were obtained from 72 asthenoteratozoospermic and 42 normospermic ejaculates. The semen characteristic, DNA fragmentation (DFI), chromatin maturation index (CMI), ADAM2 and HSPA2 levels on sperm, and their correlation with embryo quality were assessed in both groups. Results showed the significant reduction in HSPA2 and ADAM2 in asthenoteratozoospermic compared to normazoospermic ejaculates regarding the cut-off value of 14 and 13% for these two biomarkers. The specificity of HSPA2 and ADAM2 separately, and the combination of these two biomarkers, were 95.2, 90.5 and 93.5%, respectively, for sperm from normozoospermic ejaculates. However, they were 48.6, 50.0 and 54.5% for asthenoteratozoospermic ones. A significant correlation was observed with HSPA2, ADAM2 and a combination of these two biomarkers with CMI, DFI and embryo quality. Although a combination of these two biomarkers have the potential to be a good choice for selecting sperm with the lowest level of chromatin damage, it seems that selection according to HSPA2 has priority over ADAM2 or a combination of the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Heidari
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbani
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niknam Lakpour
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Fathi
- Avicenna Infertility Clinical Fertility and Infertility (ARI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hasan Zarnani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hodjat Zeraati
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Qin M, Zhang Z, Song W, Wong QWL, Chen W, Shirgaonkar N, Ge W. Roles of Figla/figla in Juvenile Ovary Development and Follicle Formation During Zebrafish Gonadogenesis. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3699-3722. [PMID: 30184072 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination and differentiation are complex processes. As a juvenile hermaphrodite or undifferentiated gonochorist, zebrafish undergo a special juvenile ovarian phase during sex differentiation, making it an excellent model for studying early oogenesis and folliculogenesis. We provide lines of evidence at morphological, molecular, and genetic levels for roles of factor in the germline α (Figla), an oocyte-specific transcription factor, in early zebrafish gonadogenesis. As in mammals, Figla/figla was also expressed in the gonads and its expression in the ovary was also restricted to early oocytes. Disruption of figla gene by CRISPR/Cas9 led to an all-male phenotype in the mutant. Detailed analysis of early gonadal development showed that the germ cells in the mutant were clustered in cysts and underwent meiosis, forming oocytes at prefollicular chromatin nucleolar (CN) stage (stage IA). However, the subsequent transition from cystic CN oocytes to individual follicular perinucleolar oocytes (stage IB) was blocked, resulting in an all-male phenotype in the mutant. The phenotype of figla mutant could not be rescued by estrogen treatment, in contrast to cyp19a1a mutant, and introduction of tp53 mutation also had no effect, unlike in fancd1 and fancl mutants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many biological processes and pathways related to germ cell development, especially oogenesis, were upregulated in the presence of Figla and that the regulation of figla expression may involve heat shock proteins. Our results strongly suggest important roles for Figla in juvenile ovary development, especially the formation of individual follicles from cystic oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Qin
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Weiyi Song
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Queenie Wing-Lei Wong
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Niranjan Shirgaonkar
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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50
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Tanphaichitr N, Kongmanas K, Faull KF, Whitelegge J, Compostella F, Goto-Inoue N, Linton JJ, Doyle B, Oko R, Xu H, Panza L, Saewu A. Properties, metabolism and roles of sulfogalactosylglycerolipid in male reproduction. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 72:18-41. [PMID: 30149090 PMCID: PMC6239905 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG, aka seminolipid) is selectively synthesized in high amounts in mammalian testicular germ cells (TGCs). SGG is an ordered lipid and directly involved in cell adhesion. SGG is indispensable for spermatogenesis, a process that greatly depends on interaction between Sertoli cells and TGCs. Spermatogenesis is disrupted in mice null for Cgt and Cst, encoding two enzymes essential for SGG biosynthesis. Sperm surface SGG also plays roles in fertilization. All of these results indicate the significance of SGG in male reproduction. SGG homeostasis is also important in male fertility. Approximately 50% of TGCs become apoptotic and phagocytosed by Sertoli cells. SGG in apoptotic remnants needs to be degraded by Sertoli lysosomal enzymes to the lipid backbone. Failure in this event leads to a lysosomal storage disorder and sub-functionality of Sertoli cells, including their support for TGC development, and consequently subfertility. Significantly, both biosynthesis and degradation pathways of the galactosylsulfate head group of SGG are the same as those of sulfogalactosylceramide (SGC), a structurally related sulfoglycolipid important for brain functions. If subfertility in males with gene mutations in SGG/SGC metabolism pathways manifests prior to neurological disorder, sperm SGG levels might be used as a reporting/predicting index of the neurological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongnuj Tanphaichitr
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kessiri Kongmanas
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Federica Compostella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - James-Jules Linton
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendon Doyle
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Oko
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongbin Xu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luigi Panza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arpornrad Saewu
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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