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Akyazı O, Korkmaz D, Cevher SC. Experimental Parkinson models and green chemistry approach. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115092. [PMID: 38844056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's is the most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's. Motor findings in Parkinson's occur as a result of the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons starting in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ending in the putamen and caudate nucleus. Loss of neurons and the formation of inclusions called Lewy bodies in existing neurons are characteristic histopathological findings of Parkinson's. The disease primarily impairs the functional capacity of the person with cardinal findings such as tremor, bradykinesia, etc., as a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Experimental animal models of Parkinson's have been used extensively in recent years to investigate the pathology of this disease. These models are generally based on systemic or local(intracerebral) administration of neurotoxins, which can replicate many features of Parkinson's mammals. The development of transgenic models in recent years has allowed us to learn more about the modeling of Parkinson's. Applying animal modeling, which shows the most human-like effects in studies, is extremely important. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress increases in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and various age-related degenerative diseases in humans and that neurons are sensitive to it. In cases where oxidative stress increases and antioxidant systems are inadequate, natural molecules such as flavonoids and polyphenols can be used as a new antioxidant treatment to reduce neuronal reactive oxygen species and improve the neurodegenerative process. Therefore, in this article, we examined experimental animal modeling in Parkinson's disease and the effect of green chemistry approaches on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Akyazı
- Gazi University, Institute of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
| | - Dılara Korkmaz
- Gazi University, Institute of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Sule Coskun Cevher
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara 06500, Turkey
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2
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He Y, Delparente A, Jie CVML, Keller C, Humm R, Heer D, Collin L, Schibli R, Gobbi L, Grether U, Mu L. Preclinical Evaluation of the Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase PET Tracer (R)-[ 11C]YH132: Application in Drug Development and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300819. [PMID: 38441502 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) plays a crucial role in the degradation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), one of the major endocannabinoids in the brain. Inhibiting MAGL could lead to increased levels of 2-AG, which showed beneficial effects on pain management, anxiety, inflammation, and neuroprotection. In the current study, we report the characterization of an enantiomerically pure (R)-[11C]YH132 as a novel MAGL PET tracer. It demonstrates an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to its racemate. High in vitro MAGL specificity of (R)-[11C]YH132 was confirmed by autoradiography studies using mouse and rat brain sections. In vivo, (R)-[11C]YH132 displayed a high brain penetration, and high specificity and selectivity toward MAGL by dynamic PET imaging using MAGL knockout and wild-type mice. Pretreatment with a MAGL drug candidate revealed a dose-dependent reduction of (R)-[11C]YH132 accumulation in WT mouse brains. This result validates its utility as a PET probe to assist drug development. Moreover, its potential application in neurodegenerative diseases was explored by in vitro autoradiography using brain sections from animal models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Present address: Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aro Delparente
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin V M L Jie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Humm
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Heer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Linjing Mu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation of VMAT2 can lead to several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Furthermore, drugs such as amphetamine and MDMA are known to act on VMAT2, exemplifying its role in the mechanisms of actions for drugs of abuse. Despite VMAT2's importance, there remains a critical lack of mechanistic understanding, largely driven by a lack of structural information. Here, we report a 3.1 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of VMAT2 complexed with tetrabenazine (TBZ), a non-competitive inhibitor used in the treatment of Huntington's chorea. We find TBZ interacts with residues in a central binding site, locking VMAT2 in an occluded conformation and providing a mechanistic basis for non-competitive inhibition. We further identify residues critical for cytosolic and lumenal gating, including a cluster of hydrophobic residues which are involved in a lumenal gating strategy. Our structure also highlights three distinct polar networks that may determine VMAT2 conformational dynamics and play a role in proton transduction. The structure elucidates mechanisms of VMAT2 inhibition and transport, providing insights into VMAT2 architecture, function, and the design of small-molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dalton
- Department of Structural Biology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
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4
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Gračan R, Blažević SA, Brižić M, Hranilovic D. Beyond the Brain: Perinatal Exposure of Rats to Serotonin Enhancers Induces Long-Term Changes in the Jejunum and Liver. Biomedicines 2024; 12:357. [PMID: 38397959 PMCID: PMC10887406 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) homeostasis is essential for many physiological processes in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Hyperserotonemia, a measurable sign of 5HT homeostasis disruption, can be caused by 5HT-directed treatment of psychiatric and gastrointestinal diseases. Its impact on the long-term balance and function of 5HT in the peripheral compartment remains unresolved and requires further research due to possible effects on human health. We explored the effects of perinatal 5HT imbalance on the peripheral organs responsible for serotonin metabolism-the jejunum, a synthesis site, and the liver, a catabolism site-in adult rats. Hyperserotonemia was induced by subchronic treatment with serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) or serotonin degradation inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP). The jejunum and liver were collected on postnatal day 70 and analyzed histomorphometrically. Relative mRNA levels of 5HT-regulating proteins were determined using qRT-PCR. Compared to controls, 5HTP- and TCP-treated rats had a reduced number of 5HT-producing cells and expression of the 5HT-synthesising enzyme in the jejunum, and an increased expression of 5HT-transporter accompanied by karyomegaly in hepatocytes, with these differences being more pronounced in the TCP-treated animals. Here, we report that perinatal 5HT disbalance induced long-term cellular and molecular changes in organs regulating 5HT-metabolism, which may have a negative impact on 5HT availability and function in the periphery. Our rat model demonstrates a link between the developmental abnormalities of serotonin homeostasis and 5HT-related changes in adult life and may be suitable for exploring the neurobiological substrates of vulnerability to behavioral and metabolic disorders, as well as for modeling the adverse effects of the prenatal exposure to 5HT enhancers in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Gračan
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sofia Ana Blažević
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (D.H.)
| | - Matea Brižić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (D.H.)
| | - Dubravka Hranilovic
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.); (D.H.)
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5
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Dalton MP, Cheng MH, Bahar I, Coleman JA. Structural mechanisms for VMAT2 inhibition by tetrabenazine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.05.556211. [PMID: 37732203 PMCID: PMC10508774 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation of VMAT2 can lead to several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Furthermore, drugs such as amphetamine and MDMA are known to act on VMAT2, exemplifying its role in the mechanisms of actions for drugs of abuse. Despite VMAT2's importance, there remains a critical lack of mechanistic understanding, largely driven by a lack of structural information. Here we report a 3.1 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of VMAT2 complexed with tetrabenazine (TBZ), a non-competitive inhibitor used in the treatment of Huntington's chorea. We find TBZ interacts with residues in a central binding site, locking VMAT2 in an occluded conformation and providing a mechanistic basis for non-competitive inhibition. We further identify residues critical for cytosolic and lumenal gating, including a cluster of hydrophobic residues which are involved in a lumenal gating strategy. Our structure also highlights three distinct polar networks that may determine VMAT2 conformational dynamics and play a role in proton transduction. The structure elucidates mechanisms of VMAT2 inhibition and transport, providing insights into VMAT2 architecture, function, and the design of small-molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dalton
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Chao Y, Zhu Z, Yang C, Zhou Z, Li Y, Long Y, Liu Y, Li D, Wang S, Qu Q. Transport and inhibition mechanism for VMAT2-mediated synaptic vesicle loading of monoamines. Cell Res 2024; 34:47-57. [PMID: 38163846 PMCID: PMC10770148 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are loaded by vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) into synaptic vesicles for storage and subsequent release in neurons. Impaired VMAT2 function underlies various neuropsychiatric diseases. VMAT2 inhibitors reserpine and tetrabenazine are used to treat hypertension, movement disorders associated with Huntington's Disease and Tardive Dyskinesia. Despite its physiological and pharmacological significance, the structural basis underlying VMAT2 substrate recognition and its inhibition by various inhibitors remains unknown. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human apo VMAT2 in addition to states bound to serotonin, tetrabenazine, and reserpine. These structures collectively capture three states, namely the lumen-facing, occluded, and cytosol-facing conformations. Notably, tetrabenazine induces a substantial rearrangement of TM2 and TM7, extending beyond the typical rocker-switch movement. These functionally dynamic snapshots, complemented by biochemical analysis, unveil the essential components responsible for ligand recognition, elucidate the proton-driven exchange cycle, and provide a framework to design improved pharmaceutics targeting VMAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecule Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Chao
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhini Zhu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanhui Yang
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Long
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecule Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecule Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qianhui Qu
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Pidathala S, Liao S, Dai Y, Li X, Long C, Chang CL, Zhang Z, Lee CH. Mechanisms of neurotransmitter transport and drug inhibition in human VMAT2. Nature 2023; 623:1086-1092. [PMID: 37914936 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin control important brain pathways, including movement, sleep, reward and mood1. Dysfunction of monoaminergic circuits has been implicated in various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders2. Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) pack monoamines into vesicles for synaptic release and are essential to neurotransmission3-5. VMATs are also therapeutic drug targets for a number of different conditions6-9. Despite the importance of these transporters, the mechanisms of substrate transport and drug inhibition of VMATs have remained elusive. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 in complex with the antichorea drug tetrabenazine, the antihypertensive drug reserpine or the substrate serotonin. Remarkably, the two drugs use completely distinct inhibition mechanisms. Tetrabenazine binds VMAT2 in a lumen-facing conformation, locking the luminal gating lid in an occluded state to arrest the transport cycle. By contrast, reserpine binds in a cytoplasm-facing conformation, expanding the vestibule and blocking substrate access. Structural analyses of VMAT2 also reveal the conformational changes following transporter isomerization that drive substrate transport into the vesicle. These findings provide a structural framework for understanding the physiology and pharmacology of neurotransmitter packaging by synaptic vesicular transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabareesh Pidathala
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shuyun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Dai
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Changkun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Lun Chang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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8
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Su Z, Dai Z, Qin F, Zhang H, Zheng M, Zhu Y, Tong Z, Song W, Li X. Valbenazine promotes body growth via growth hormone signaling during zebrafish embryonic development. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116674. [PMID: 37648088 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2) functions by uptake of cytoplasmic monoamines into vesicles for storage. Valbenazine (VBZ) is a newly FDA-approved oral VMAT-2 inhibitor used for the treatment of movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia (TD), and Tourette syndrome (TS). Clinical data shows that VBZ is a relatively safe drug with no cardiotoxicity or hepatotoxicity. However, the effect of VBZ on embryonic development remains unknown. Here, we use zebrafish larvae as an animal model to demonstrate that VBZ exposure causes premature hatching and increased body size and hyperactivity-like behaviors in zebrafish larvae. In addition, VBZ exposure leads to increased dopamine (DA) and Glutamate (Glu) levels. Moreover, an increase of growth hormone (gh) and enriched PI3K/AKT signaling were found in VBZ-exposed zebrafish larvae, which may explain their accelerated development. In summary, VBZ exposure may be developmentally toxic in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkang Su
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ziru Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengqing Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Weihong Song
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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9
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Lee I, Knickerbocker AC, Depew CR, Martin E, Dicent J, Miller GW, Bucher ML. Effect of altered production and storage of dopamine on development and behavior in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.07.561350. [PMID: 37873331 PMCID: PMC10592695 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.07.561350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is an advantageous model for studying developmental toxicology due to its homology to humans and well-defined developmental stages. Similarly to humans, C. elegans utilize dopamine as a neurotransmitter to regulate motor behavior. We have previously reported behavioral deficits in a genetic model of C. elegans (OK411) that lack the neurotransmitter transporter necessary for packaging dopamine into synaptic vesicles. Anecdotally, we observed these C. elegans appeared to have a smaller body size, which is supported by prior studies that observed a larger body size in C. elegans that lack the enzyme that catalyzes dopamine synthesis, suggesting a complex regulatory system in which dopamine mediates body size in C. elegans. However, the question of whether body size abnormalities apparent in C. elegans with disruptions to their dopamine system are developmental or purely based on body size remains unanswered. Here, we present data characterizing the effect of gene mutations in dopamine-related proteins on body size, development, and behavior. We analyzed C. elegans that lack the ability to sequester dopamine (OK411), that overproduce dopamine (UA57), and a novel strain (MBIA) generated through crossing OK411 and UA57, which lacks the ability to sequester dopamine into vesicles and additionally endogenously overproduces dopamine. This novel strain was generated to address the hypothesis that an endogenous increase in production of dopamine can rescue deficits caused by a lack of vesicular dopamine sequestration. Compared to wild type, OK411 have shorter body lengths and behavioral deficits in early life stages. In contrast, the MBIA strain have similar body lengths to wild-type by early adulthood and display similar behavior to wild-type by early adulthood. Our data suggests that endogenously increasing the production of dopamine is able to mitigate deficits in C. elegans lacking the ability to package dopamine into synaptic vesicles. These results provide evidence that the dopamine system impacts development, growth, and reproduction in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ava C Knickerbocker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charlotte Rose Depew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth Martin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jocelyn Dicent
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Khashab R, Gutman-Sharabi N, Shabtai Z, Landau R, Halperin R, Fay-Karmon T, Leibowitz A, Sharabi Y. Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde Lowering Treatment Improves Locomotor and Neurochemical Abnormalities in the Rat Rotenone Model: Relevance to the Catecholaldehyde Hypothesis for the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12522. [PMID: 37569897 PMCID: PMC10419703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The catecholaldehyde hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease centers on accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) in dopaminergic neurons. To test the hypothesis, it is necessary to reduce DOPAL and assess if this improves locomotor abnormalities. Systemic administration of rotenone to rats reproduces the motor and central neurochemical abnormalities characterizing Parkinson's disease. In this study, we used the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) deprenyl to decrease DOPAL production, with or without the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Adult rats received subcutaneous vehicle, rotenone (2 mg/kg/day via a minipump), or rotenone with deprenyl (5 mg/kg/day i.p.) with or without oral NAC (1 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Motor function tests included measures of open field activity and rearing. Striatal tissue was assayed for contents of dopamine, DOPAL, and other catechols. Compared to vehicle, rotenone reduced locomotor activity (distance, velocity and rearing); increased tissue DOPAL; and decreased dopamine concentrations and inhibited vesicular sequestration of cytoplasmic dopamine and enzymatic breakdown of cytoplasmic DOPAL by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), as indicated by DA/DOPAL and DOPAC/DOPAL ratios. The addition of deprenyl to rotenone improved all the locomotor indices, increased dopamine and decreased DOPAL contents, and corrected the rotenone-induced vesicular uptake and ALDH abnormalities. The beneficial effects were augmented when NAC was added to deprenyl. Rotenone evokes locomotor and striatal neurochemical abnormalities found in Parkinson's disease, including DOPAL buildup. Administration of an MAOI attenuates these abnormalities, and NAC augments the beneficial effects. The results indicate a pathogenic role of DOPAL in the rotenone model and suggest that treatment with MAOI+NAC might be beneficial for Parkinson's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Khashab
- Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; (R.K.); (N.G.-S.); (Z.S.); (R.L.); (R.H.); (T.F.-K.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Naama Gutman-Sharabi
- Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; (R.K.); (N.G.-S.); (Z.S.); (R.L.); (R.H.); (T.F.-K.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Zehava Shabtai
- Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; (R.K.); (N.G.-S.); (Z.S.); (R.L.); (R.H.); (T.F.-K.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Regev Landau
- Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; (R.K.); (N.G.-S.); (Z.S.); (R.L.); (R.H.); (T.F.-K.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Reut Halperin
- Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; (R.K.); (N.G.-S.); (Z.S.); (R.L.); (R.H.); (T.F.-K.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tsviya Fay-Karmon
- Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; (R.K.); (N.G.-S.); (Z.S.); (R.L.); (R.H.); (T.F.-K.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Avshalom Leibowitz
- Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; (R.K.); (N.G.-S.); (Z.S.); (R.L.); (R.H.); (T.F.-K.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Hypertension Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5265601, Israel; (R.K.); (N.G.-S.); (Z.S.); (R.L.); (R.H.); (T.F.-K.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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11
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Saida K, Maroofian R, Sengoku T, Mitani T, Pagnamenta AT, Marafi D, Zaki MS, O'Brien TJ, Karimiani EG, Kaiyrzhanov R, Takizawa M, Ohori S, Leong HY, Akay G, Galehdari H, Zamani M, Romy R, Carroll CJ, Toosi MB, Ashrafzadeh F, Imannezhad S, Malek H, Ahangari N, Tomoum H, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Murphy D, Dominik N, Elbendary HM, Rafat K, Yilmaz S, Kanmaz S, Serin M, Krishnakumar D, Gardham A, Maw A, Rao TS, Alsubhi S, Srour M, Buhas D, Jewett T, Goldberg RE, Shamseldin H, Frengen E, Misceo D, Strømme P, Magliocco Ceroni JR, Kim CA, Yesil G, Sengenc E, Guler S, Hull M, Parnes M, Aktas D, Anlar B, Bayram Y, Pehlivan D, Posey JE, Alavi S, Madani Manshadi SA, Alzaidan H, Al-Owain M, Alabdi L, Abdulwahab F, Sekiguchi F, Hamanaka K, Fujita A, Uchiyama Y, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Elshafie RM, Salayev K, Guliyeva U, Alkuraya FS, Gleeson JG, Monaghan KG, Langley KG, Yang H, Motavaf M, Safari S, Alipour M, Ogata K, Brown AEX, Lupski JR, Houlden H, Matsumoto N. Brain monoamine vesicular transport disease caused by homozygous SLC18A2 variants: A study in 42 affected individuals. Genet Med 2023; 25:90-102. [PMID: 36318270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain monoamine vesicular transport disease is an infantile-onset movement disorder that mimics cerebral palsy. In 2013, the homozygous SLC18A2 variant, p.Pro387Leu, was first reported as a cause of this rare disorder, and dopamine agonists were efficient for treating affected individuals from a single large family. To date, only 6 variants have been reported. In this study, we evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations in individuals with biallelic SLC18A2 variants. METHODS A total of 42 affected individuals with homozygous SLC18A2 variant alleles were identified. We evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations and the missense variants in the affected individuals based on the structural modeling of rat VMAT2 encoded by Slc18a2, with cytoplasm- and lumen-facing conformations. A Caenorhabditis elegans model was created for functional studies. RESULTS A total of 19 homozygous SLC18A2 variants, including 3 recurrent variants, were identified using exome sequencing. The affected individuals typically showed global developmental delay, hypotonia, dystonia, oculogyric crisis, and autonomic nervous system involvement (temperature dysregulation/sweating, hypersalivation, and gastrointestinal dysmotility). Among the 58 affected individuals described to date, 16 (28%) died before the age of 13 years. Of the 17 patients with p.Pro237His, 9 died, whereas all 14 patients with p.Pro387Leu survived. Although a dopamine agonist mildly improved the disease symptoms in 18 of 21 patients (86%), some affected individuals with p.Ile43Phe and p.Pro387Leu showed milder phenotypes and presented prolonged survival even without treatment. The C. elegans model showed behavioral abnormalities. CONCLUSION These data expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of SLC18A2-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Saida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Sengoku
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thomas J O'Brien
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Takizawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ohori
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huey Yin Leong
- Genetics Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gulsen Akay
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ratna Romy
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Carroll
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Imannezhad
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadis Malek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Tomoum
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | | | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Dominik
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hasnaa M Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karima Rafat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanem Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Kanmaz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Serin
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deepa Krishnakumar
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Gardham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Maw
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tekki Sreenivasa Rao
- Department of Paediatrics, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Alsubhi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Buhas
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamison Jewett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Rachel E Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Hanan Shamseldin
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Strømme
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetic Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Sengenc
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Guler
- Department of Child Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Dilek Aktas
- Damagen Genetic Diagnostic Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Anlar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shahryar Alavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alabdi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kamran Salayev
- Department of Neurology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | - Mahsa Motavaf
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Alipour
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - André E X Brown
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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12
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Combining CRISPR-Cas9 and brain imaging to study the link from genes to molecules to networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122552119. [PMID: 36161926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122552119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors, transporters, and ion channels are important targets for therapy development in neurological diseases, but their mechanistic role in pathogenesis is often poorly understood. Gene editing and in vivo imaging approaches will help to identify the molecular and functional role of these targets and the consequence of their regional dysfunction on the whole-brain level. We combine CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing with in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the direct link between genes, molecules, and the brain connectome. The extensive knowledge of the Slc18a2 gene encoding the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), involved in the storage and release of dopamine, makes it an excellent target for studying the gene network relationships while structurally preserving neuronal integrity and function. We edited the Slc18a2 in the substantia nigra pars compacta of adult rats and used in vivo molecular imaging besides behavioral, histological, and biochemical assessments to characterize the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated VMAT2 knockdown. Simultaneous PET/fMRI was performed to investigate molecular and functional brain alterations. We found that stage-specific adaptations of brain functional connectivity follow the selective impairment of presynaptic dopamine storage and release. Our study reveals that recruiting different brain networks is an early response to the dopaminergic dysfunction preceding neuronal cell loss. Our combinatorial approach is a tool to investigate the impact of specific genes on brain molecular and functional dynamics, which will help to develop tailored therapies for normalizing brain function.
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13
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Changes in Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Dopamine Synthesis in the Nigrostriatal System of Mice in an Acute Model of Parkinson's Disease as a Manifestation of Neurodegeneration and Neuroplasticity. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060779. [PMID: 35741664 PMCID: PMC9221104 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive degradation of the nigrostriatal system leads to the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The synthesis of dopamine, the neurotransmitter of the nigrostriatal system, depends on the rate-limiting enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In this study, we evaluated the synthesis of dopamine during periods of neurodegradation and neuroplasticity in the nigrostriatal system on a model of the early clinical stage of PD. It was shown that the concentration of dopamine correlated with activity of TH, while TH activity did not depend on total protein content either in the SN or in the striatum. Both during the period of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity, TH activity in SN was determined by the content of P19-TH, and in the striatum it was determined by P31-TH and P40-TH (to a lesser extent). The data obtained indicate a difference in the regulation of dopamine synthesis between DA-neuron bodies and their axons, which must be considered for the further development of symptomatic pharmacotherapy aimed at increasing TH activity.
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14
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Davis S, Zhu J. Substance abuse and neurotransmission. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 93:403-441. [PMID: 35341573 PMCID: PMC9759822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The number of people who suffer from a substance abuse disorder has continued to rise over the last decade; particularly, the number of drug-related overdose deaths has sharply increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Converging lines of clinical observations, supported by imaging and neuropsychological performance testing, have demonstrated that substance abuse-induced dysregulation of neurotransmissions in the brain is critical for development and expression of the addictive properties of abused substances. Recent scientific advances have allowed for better understanding of the neurobiological processes that mediates drugs of abuse and addiction. This chapter presents the past classic concepts and the recent advances in our knowledge about how cocaine, amphetamines, opioids, alcohol, and nicotine alter multiple neurotransmitter systems, which contribute to the behaviors associated with each drug. Additionally, we discuss the interactive effects of HIV-1 or COVID-19 and substance abuse on neurotransmission and neurobiological pathways. Finally, we introduce therapeutic strategies for development of pharmacotherapies for substance abuse disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Davis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
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15
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Marino G, Calabresi P, Ghiglieri V. Alpha-synuclein and cortico-striatal plasticity in animal models of Parkinson disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:153-166. [PMID: 35034731 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) is a small, acidic protein containing 140 amino acids, highly expressed in the brain and primarily localized in the presynaptic terminals. It is found in high concentrations in Lewy Bodies, proteinaceous aggregates that constitute a typical histopathologic hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Altered environmental conditions, genetic mutations and post-translational changes can trigger abnormal aggregation processes with the increased frequency of oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils formation that perturbs the neuronal homeostasis leading to cell death. Relevant to neuronal activity, a function of α-synuclein that has been extensively detailed is its regulatory actions in the trafficking of synaptic vesicles, including the processes of exocytosis, endocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Most recently, increasing attention has been paid to the possible role that α-synuclein plays at a postsynaptic level by interacting with selective subunits of the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, altering the corticostriatal plasticity of distinct neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Marino
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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An Unrecognized Fundamental Relationship between Neurotransmitters: Glutamate Protects against Catecholamine Oxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101564. [PMID: 34679699 PMCID: PMC8533062 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) are liable to undergo oxidation, which copper is deeply involved in. Catecholamine oxidation-derived neurotoxicity is recognized as a pivotal pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamate, as an excitatory neurotransmitter, is enriched in the brain at extremely high concentrations. However, the chemical biology relationship of these two classes of neurotransmitters remains largely unknown. In the present study, we assessed the influences of glutamate on the autoxidation of catecholamines, the copper- and copper-containing ceruloplasmin-mediated oxidation of catecholamines, the catecholamine-induced formation of quinoprotein, catecholamine/copper-induced hydroxyl radicals, and DNA damage in vitro. The results demonstrate that glutamate, at a physiologically achievable molar ratio of glutamate/catecholamines, has a pronounced inhibitory effect on catecholamine oxidation, catecholamine oxidation-evoked hydroxyl radicals, quinoprotein, and DNA damage. The protective mechanism of glutamate against catecholamine oxidation could be attributed to its restriction of the redox activity of copper via chelation. This previously unrecognized link between glutamate, catecholamines, and copper suggests that neurodegenerative disorders may occur and develop once the built-in equilibrium is disrupted and brings new insight into developing more effective prevention and treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Mustapha M, Taib CNM. MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease: A promising direction of therapeutic strategies. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:422-433. [PMID: 33357211 PMCID: PMC8292858 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the popular animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly used in research are those that employ neurotoxins, especially 1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). This neurotoxin exerts it neurotoxicity by causing a barrage of insults, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and formation of inclusion bodies acting singly and in concert, ultimately leading to dopaminergic neuronal damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum. The selective neurotoxicity induced by MPTP in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the mouse brain has led to new perspectives on PD. For decades, the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD has been the gold standard in PD research even though it does not fully recapitulate PD symptomatology, but it does have the advantages of simplicity, practicability, affordability, and fewer ethical considerations and greater clinical correlation than those of other toxin models of PD. The model has rejuvenated PD research and opened new frontiers in the quest for more novel therapeutic and adjuvant agents for PD. Hence, this review summarizes the role of MPTP in producing Parkinson-like symptoms in mice and the experimental role of the MPTP-induced mouse model. We discussed recent developments of more promising PD therapeutics to enrich our existing knowledge about this neurotoxin using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Mustapha
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor (Darul Ehsan), Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Che Norma Mat Taib
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor (Darul Ehsan), Malaysia
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Vecchio LM, Sullivan P, Dunn AR, Bermejo MK, Fu R, Masoud ST, Gregersen E, Urs NM, Nazari R, Jensen PH, Ramsey A, Goldstein DS, Miller GW, Salahpour A. Enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase activity induces oxidative stress, causes accumulation of autotoxic catecholamine metabolites, and augments amphetamine effects in vivo. J Neurochem 2021; 158:960-979. [PMID: 33991113 PMCID: PMC8376767 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, dopamine‐containing nigrostriatal neurons undergo profound degeneration. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. TH increases in vitro formation of reactive oxygen species, and previous animal studies have reported links between cytosolic dopamine build‐up and oxidative stress. To examine effects of increased TH activity in catecholaminergic neurons in vivo, we generated TH‐over‐expressing mice (TH‐HI) using a BAC‐transgenic approach that results in over‐expression of TH with endogenous patterns of expression. The transgenic mice were characterized by western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Tissue contents of dopamine, its metabolites, and markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. TH‐HI mice had a 3‐fold increase in total and phosphorylated TH levels and an increased rate of dopamine synthesis. Coincident with elevated dopamine turnover, TH‐HI mice showed increased striatal production of H2O2 and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, TH‐HI mice had elevated striatal levels of the neurotoxic dopamine metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 5‐S‐cysteinyl‐dopamine and were more susceptible than wild‐type mice to the effects of amphetamine and methamphetamine. These results demonstrate that increased TH alone is sufficient to produce oxidative stress in vivo, build up autotoxic dopamine metabolites, and augment toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Vecchio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Sullivan
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory. Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Marie Kristel Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shababa T Masoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emil Gregersen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Nikhil M Urs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | - Reza Nazari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Amy Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David S Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Hall FS, Chen Y, Resendiz-Gutierrez F. The Streetlight Effect: Reappraising the Study of Addiction in Light of the Findings of Genome-wide Association Studies. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:230-246. [PMID: 33849024 DOI: 10.1159/000516169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug dependence has long been thought to have a genetic component. Research seeking to identify the genetic basis of addiction has gone through important transitions over its history, in part based upon the emergence of new technologies, but also as the result of changing perspectives. Early research approaches were largely dictated by available technology, with technological advancements having highly transformative effects on genetic research, but the limitations of technology also affected modes of thinking about the genetic causes of disease. This review explores these transitions in thinking about the genetic causes of addiction in terms of the "streetlight effect," which is a type of observational bias whereby people search for something only where it is easiest to search. In this way, the genes that were initially studied in the field of addiction genetics were chosen because they were the most "obvious," and formed current understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the actions of drugs of abuse and drug dependence. The problem with this emphasis is that prior to the genomic era the vast majority of genes and proteins had yet to be identified, much less studied. This review considers how these initial choices, as well as subsequent choices that were also driven by technological limitations, shaped the study of the genetic basis of drug dependence. While genome-wide approaches overcame the initial biases regarding which genes to choose to study inherent in candidate gene studies and other approaches, genome-wide approaches necessitated other assumptions. These included additive genetic causation and limited allelic heterogeneity, which both appear to be incorrect. Thus, the next stage of advancement in this field must overcome these shortcomings through approaches that allow the examination of complex interactive effects, both gene × gene and gene × environment interactions. Techniques for these sorts of studies have recently been developed and represent the next step in our understanding of the genetic basis of drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Federico Resendiz-Gutierrez
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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20
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Black CA, Bucher ML, Bradner JM, Jonas L, Igarza K, Miller GW. Assessing Vesicular Monoamine Transport and Toxicity Using Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:1256-1264. [PMID: 33378168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in the vesicular packaging of dopamine result in an accumulation of dopamine in the cytosol. Cytosolic dopamine is vulnerable to two metabolic processes-enzymatic catabolism and enzymatic- or auto-oxidation-that form toxic metabolites and generate reactive oxygen species. Alterations in the expression or activity of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which transports monoamines such as dopamine from the cytosol into the synaptic vesicle, result in dysregulated dopamine packaging. Here, we developed a series of assays using the fluorescent false neurotransmitter 206 (FFN206) to visualize VMAT2-mediated vesicular packaging at baseline and following pharmacological and toxicological manipulations. As a proof of principle, we observed a significant reduction in vesicular FFN206 packaging after treatment with the VMAT2 inhibitors reserpine (IC50: 73.1 nM), tetrabenazine (IC50: 30.4 nM), methamphetamine (IC50: 2.4 μM), and methylphenidate (IC50: 94.3 μM). We then applied the assay to investigate the consequences on vesicular packaging by environmental toxicants including the pesticides paraquat, rotenone, and chlorpyrifos, as well as the halogenated compounds unichlor, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, Paroil, Aroclor 1260, and hexabromocyclododecane. Several of the environmental toxicants showed minor impairment of the vesicular FFN206 loading, suggesting that the toxicants are weak VMAT2 inhibitors at the concentrations tested. The assay presented here can be applied to investigate the effect of additional pharmacological compounds and environmental toxicants on vesicular function, which will provide insight into how exposures to such factors are involved in the pathogenesis of monoaminergic diseases such as Parkinson's disease, and the assay can be used to identify pharmacological agents that influence VMAT2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie A Black
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Lauren Jonas
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kenny Igarza
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
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21
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Bhat S, El-Kasaby A, Freissmuth M, Sucic S. Functional and Biochemical Consequences of Disease Variants in Neurotransmitter Transporters: A Special Emphasis on Folding and Trafficking Deficits. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107785. [PMID: 33310157 PMCID: PMC7612411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetyl choline, glycine and the monoamines, facilitate the crosstalk within the central nervous system. The designated neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) both release and take up neurotransmitters to and from the synaptic cleft. NTT dysfunction can lead to severe pathophysiological consequences, e.g. epilepsy, intellectual disability, or Parkinson’s disease. Genetic point mutations in NTTs have recently been associated with the onset of various neurological disorders. Some of these mutations trigger folding defects in the NTT proteins. Correct folding is a prerequisite for the export of NTTs from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the subsequent trafficking to their pertinent site of action, typically at the plasma membrane. Recent studies have uncovered some of the key features in the molecular machinery responsible for transporter protein folding, e.g., the role of heat shock proteins in fine-tuning the ER quality control mechanisms in cells. The therapeutic significance of understanding these events is apparent from the rising number of reports, which directly link different pathological conditions to NTT misfolding. For instance, folding-deficient variants of the human transporters for dopamine or GABA lead to infantile parkinsonism/dystonia and epilepsy, respectively. From a therapeutic point of view, some folding-deficient NTTs are amenable to functional rescue by small molecules, known as chemical and pharmacological chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali El-Kasaby
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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22
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König N, Bimpisidis Z, Dumas S, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Selective Knockout of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 ( Vmat2) Gene in Calbindin2/Calretinin-Positive Neurons Results in Profound Changes in Behavior and Response to Drugs of Abuse. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:578443. [PMID: 33240055 PMCID: PMC7680758 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.578443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) has a range of functions in the central nervous system, from sequestering toxins to providing conditions for the quantal release of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. Monoamine signaling regulates diverse functions from arousal to mood, movement, and motivation, and dysregulation of VMAT2 function is implicated in various neuropsychiatric diseases. While all monoamine-releasing neurons express the Vmat2 gene, only a subset is positive for the calcium-binding protein Calbindin 2 (Calb2; aka Calretinin, 29 kDa Calbindin). We recently showed that about half of the dopamine neurons in the mouse midbrain are positive for Calb2 and that Calb2 is an early developmental marker of midbrain dopamine cells. Calb2-positive neurons have also been identified in other monoaminergic areas, yet the role of Calb2-positive monoaminergic neurons is poorly understood. To selectively address the impact of Calb2-positive monoaminergic neurons in behavioral regulation, we took advantage of the Cre-LoxP system to create a new conditional knockout (cKO) mouse line in which Vmat2 expression is deleted selectively in Calb2-Cre-positive neurons. In this Vmat2lox/lox;Calb2−Cre cKO mouse line, gene targeting of Vmat2 was observed in several distinct monoaminergic areas. By comparing control and cKO mice in a series of behavioral tests, specific dissimilarities were identified. In particular, cKO mice were smaller than control mice and showed heightened sensitivity to the stereotypy-inducing effects of amphetamine and slight reductions in preference toward sucrose and ethanol, as well as a blunted response in the elevated plus maze test. These data uncover new knowledge about the role of genetically defined subtypes of neurons in the brain’s monoaminergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas König
- Unit of Comparative Physiology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zisis Bimpisidis
- Unit of Comparative Physiology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- Unit of Comparative Physiology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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van der Vlag M, Havekes R, Heckman PRA. The contribution of Parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1 genes to selective neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3256-3268. [PMID: 31991026 PMCID: PMC7496448 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by selective and severe degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the locus coeruleus (LC), which underlies the most prominent symptoms. Although α-synuclein accumulation has long been established to play a causal role in the disease, it alone cannot explain the selective degenerative pattern. Recent evidence shows that the selective vulnerability could arise due to the large presence of cytosolic catecholamines and Ca2+ ions in the substantia nigra pars compacta and LC specifically that can be aberrantly affected by α-synuclein accumulation. Moreover, each has its own toxic potential, and disturbance of one can exacerbate the toxic effects of the others. This presents a mechanism unique to these areas that can lead to a vicious degenerative cycle. Interestingly, in familial variants of PD, the exact same brain areas are affected, implying the underlying process is likely the same. However, the exact disease mechanisms of many of these genetic variants remain unclear. Here, we review the effects of the PD-related genes Parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1. We establish that these mutant varieties can set in motion the same degenerative process involving α-synuclein, cytosolic catecholamines and Ca2+ . Additionally, we show indications that model organisms might not accurately represent all components of this central mechanism, explaining why Parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1 model organisms often lack a convincing PD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc van der Vlag
- Neurobiology Expertise GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Neurobiology Expertise GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pim R. A. Heckman
- Neurobiology Expertise GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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24
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Kong Y, Zhou H, Feng H, Zhuang J, Wen T, Zhang C, Sun B, Wang J, Guan Y. Elucidating the Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease Using 18F-FP-(+)-DTBZ, a Positron-Emission Tomography Probe for Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:682. [PMID: 32760240 PMCID: PMC7372188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been and will continue to be two common chronic diseases globally that are difficult to diagnose during the prodromal phase. Current molecular genetics, cell biological, and epidemiological evidences have shown the correlation between PD and DM. PD shares the same pathogenesis pathways and pathological factors with DM. In addition, β-cell reduction, which can cause hyperglycemia, is a striking feature of DM. Recent studies indicated that hyperglycemia is highly relevant to the pathologic changes in PD. However, further correlation between DM and PD remains to be investigated. Intriguingly, polycystic monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which is co-expressed in dopaminergic neurons and β cells, is responsible for taking up dopamine into the presynaptic vesicles and can specifically bind to the β cells. Furthermore, we have summarized the specific molecular and diagnostic functions of VMAT2 for the two diseases reported in this review. Therefore, VMAT2 can be applied as a target probe for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to detect β-cell and dopamine level changes, which can contribute to the diagnosis of DM and PD during the prodromal phase. Targeting VMAT2 with the molecular probe 18F-FP-(+)-DTBZ can be an entry point for the β cell mass (BCM) changes in DM at the molecular level, to clarify the potential relationship between DM and PD. VMAT2 has promising clinical significance in investigating the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and treatment evaluation of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Kong
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haicong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Zhuang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Ferreira C, Almeida C, Tenreiro S, Quintas A. Neuroprotection or Neurotoxicity of Illicit Drugs on Parkinson's Disease. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060086. [PMID: 32545328 PMCID: PMC7344445 DOI: 10.3390/life10060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is currently the most rapid growing neurodegenerative disease and over the past generation, its global burden has more than doubled. The onset of PD can arise due to environmental, sporadic or genetic factors. Nevertheless, most PD cases have an unknown etiology. Chemicals, such as the anthropogenic pollutant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and amphetamine-type stimulants, have been associated with the onset of PD. Conversely, cannabinoids have been associated with the treatment of the symptoms'. PD and medical cannabis is currently under the spotlight, and research to find its benefits on PD is on-going worldwide. However, the described clinical applications and safety of pharmacotherapy with cannabis products are yet to be fully supported by scientific evidence. Furthermore, the novel psychoactive substances are currently a popular alternative to classical drugs of abuse, representing an unknown health hazard for young adults who may develop PD later in their lifetime. This review addresses the neurotoxic and neuroprotective impact of illicit substance consumption in PD, presenting clinical evidence and molecular and cellular mechanisms of this association. This research area is utterly important for contemporary society since illicit drugs' legalization is under discussion which may have consequences both for the onset of PD and for the treatment of its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreira
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, P-4200–319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- CEDOC–Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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26
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Dorninger F, König T, Scholze P, Berger ML, Zeitler G, Wiesinger C, Gundacker A, Pollak DD, Huck S, Just WW, Forss-Petter S, Pifl C, Berger J. Disturbed neurotransmitter homeostasis in ether lipid deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2046-2061. [PMID: 30759250 PMCID: PMC6548223 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens, the most prominent ether (phospho)lipids in mammals, are structural components of most cellular membranes. Due to their physicochemical properties and abundance in the central nervous system, a role of plasmalogens in neurotransmission has been proposed, but conclusive data are lacking. Here, we targeted this issue in the glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (Gnpat) KO mouse, a model of complete deficiency in ether lipid biosynthesis. Throughout the study, focusing on adult male animals, we found reduced brain levels of various neurotransmitters. In the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract, synaptic endings but not neuronal cell bodies were affected. Neurotransmitter turnover was altered in ether lipid-deficient murine as well as human post-mortem brain tissue. A generalized loss of synapses did not account for the neurotransmitter deficits, since the levels of several presynaptic proteins appeared unchanged. However, reduced amounts of vesicular monoamine transporter indicate a compromised vesicular uptake of neurotransmitters. As exemplified by norepinephrine, the release of neurotransmitters from Gnpat KO brain slices was diminished in response to strong electrical and chemical stimuli. Finally, addressing potential phenotypic correlates of the disturbed neurotransmitter homeostasis, we show that ether lipid deficiency manifests as hyperactivity and impaired social interaction. We propose that the lack of ether lipids alters the properties of synaptic vesicles leading to reduced amounts and release of neurotransmitters. These features likely contribute to the behavioral phenotype of Gnpat KO mice, potentially modeling some human neurodevelopmental disorders like autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa König
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael L Berger
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Zeitler
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wiesinger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Gundacker
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigismund Huck
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm W Just
- Biochemistry Center Heidelberg (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Lebowitz JJ, Khoshbouei H. Heterogeneity of dopamine release sites in health and degeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104633. [PMID: 31698055 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite comprising only ~ 0.001% of all neurons in the human brain, ventral midbrain dopamine neurons exert a profound influence on human behavior and cognition. As a neuromodulator, dopamine selectively inhibits or enhances synaptic signaling to coordinate neural output for action, attention, and affect. Humans invariably lose brain dopamine during aging, and this can be exacerbated in disease states such as Parkinson's Disease. Further, it is well established in multiple disease states that cell loss is selective for a subset of highly sensitive neurons within the nigrostriatal dopamine tract. Regional differences in dopamine tone are regulated pre-synaptically, with subcircuits of projecting dopamine neurons exhibiting distinct molecular and physiological signatures. Specifically, proteins at dopamine release sites that synthesize and package cytosolic dopamine, modulate its release and reuptake, and alter neuronal excitability show regional differences that provide linkages to the observed sensitivity to neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to outline the major components of dopamine homeostasis at neurotransmitter release sites and describe the regional differences most relevant to understanding why some, but not all, dopamine neurons exhibit heightened vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Lebowitz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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28
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Silm K, Yang J, Marcott PF, Asensio CS, Eriksen J, Guthrie DA, Newman AH, Ford CP, Edwards RH. Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Pathway Determines Neurotransmitter Content and Release Properties. Neuron 2019; 102:786-800.e5. [PMID: 31003725 PMCID: PMC6541489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to temporal coding by synaptically acting neurotransmitters such as glutamate, neuromodulators such as monoamines signal changes in firing rate. The two modes of signaling have been thought to reflect differences in release by different cells. We now find that midbrain dopamine neurons release glutamate and dopamine with different properties that reflect storage in different synaptic vesicles. The vesicles differ in release probability, coupling to presynaptic Ca2+ channels and frequency dependence. Although previous work has attributed variation in these properties to differences in location or cytoskeletal association of synaptic vesicles, the release of different transmitters shows that intrinsic differences in vesicle identity drive different modes of release. Indeed, dopamine but not glutamate vesicles depend on the adaptor protein AP-3, revealing an unrecognized linkage between the pathway of synaptic vesicle recycling and the properties of exocytosis. Storage of the two transmitters in different vesicles enables the transmission of distinct signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kätlin Silm
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pamela F Marcott
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cedric S Asensio
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jacob Eriksen
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daryl A Guthrie
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institutes of Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institutes of Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert H Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, Graduate Programs in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for the Neurosciences, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Padmakumar M, Jaeken J, Ramaekers V, Lagae L, Greene D, Thys C, Van Geet C, BioResource NIHR, Stirrups K, Downes K, Turro E, Freson K. A novel missense variant in SLC18A2 causes recessive brain monoamine vesicular transport disease and absent serotonin in platelets. JIMD Rep 2019; 47:9-16. [PMID: 31240161 PMCID: PMC6498820 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain monoamine vesicular transport disease is an infantile onset neurodevelopmental disorder caused by variants in SLC18A2, which codes for the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) protein, involved in the transport of monoamines into synaptic vesicles and of serotonin into platelet dense granules. CASE PRESENTATION The presented case is of a child, born of healthy consanguineous parents, who exhibited hypotonia, mental disability, epilepsy, uncontrolled movements, and gastrointestinal problems. A trial treatment with L-DOPA proved unsuccessful and the exact neurological involvement could not be discerned due to normal metabolic and brain magnetic resonance imaging results.Platelet studies and whole genome sequencing were performed. At age 4, the child's platelets showed a mild aggregation and adenosine triphosphate secretion defect that could be explained by dysmorphic dense granules observed by electron microscopy. Interestingly, the dense granules were almost completely depleted of serotonin. A novel homozygous p.P316A missense variant in VMAT2 was detected in the patient and the consanguineous parents were found to be heterozygous for this variant. Although the presence of VMAT2 on platelet dense granules has been demonstrated before, this is the first report of defective platelet dense granule function related to absent serotonin storage in a patient with VMAT2 deficiency but without obvious clinical bleeding problems. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the homology between serotonin metabolism in brain and platelets, suggesting that these blood cells can be model cells for some pathways relevant for neurological diseases. The literature on VMAT2 deficiency is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Padmakumar
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCentre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of Development and Regeneration, PediatricsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Vincent Ramaekers
- Department of NeuropediatricsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Notre‐Dame des BruyèresLiégeBelgium
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration, PediatricsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Daniel Greene
- NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- Department of HematologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- Department of Haematology, Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Chantal Thys
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCentre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Chris Van Geet
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCentre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - NIHR BioResource
- NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Kathleen Stirrups
- NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- Department of HematologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- Department of HematologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- Department of HematologyUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
- Department of Haematology, Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCentre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Mingazov ER, Ugryumov MV. Molecular Markers of Dopamine Transport in Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons as an Index of Neurodegeneration and Neuroplasticity. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241901015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Ahmad MF, Ferland D, Ayala-Lopez N, Contreras GA, Darios E, Thompson J, Ismail A, Thelen K, Moeser AJ, Burnett R, Anantharam A, Watts SW. Perivascular Adipocytes Store Norepinephrine by Vesicular Transport. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:188-199. [PMID: 30567483 PMCID: PMC6344267 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains an independent adrenergic system that can take up, metabolize, release, and potentially synthesize the vasoactive catecholamine norepinephrine. Norepinephrine has been detected in PVAT, but the mechanism of its protection within this tissue is unknown. Here, we investigate whether PVAT adipocytes can store norepinephrine using VMAT (vesicular monoamine transporter). Approach and Results- High-performance liquid chromatography identified norepinephrine in normal male Sprague Dawley rat aortic, superior mesenteric artery, and mesenteric resistance vessel PVATs, and retroperitoneal fat. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed VMAT1 and VMAT2 mRNA expression in the adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction of mesenteric resistance vessel PVAT. Immunofluorescence demonstrated the presence of VMAT1 and VMAT2, and the colocalization of VMAT2 with norepinephrine, in the cytoplasm of adipocytes in mesenteric resistance vessel PVAT. A protocol was developed to capture real-time uptake of Mini 202-a functional and fluorescent VMAT probe-in live rat PVAT adipocytes. Mini 202 was taken up by freshly isolated and differentiated adipocytes from mesenteric resistance vessel PVAT and adipocytes from thoracic aortic and superior mesenteric artery PVATs. In adipocytes freshly isolated from mesenteric resistance vessel PVAT, addition of rose bengal (VMAT inhibitor), nisoxetine (norepinephrine transporter inhibitor), or corticosterone (organic cation 3 transporter inhibitor) significantly reduced Mini 202 signal. Immunofluorescence supports that neither VMAT1 nor VMAT2 is present in retroperitoneal adipocytes, suggesting that PVAT adipocytes may be unique in storing norepinephrine. Conclusions- This study supports a novel function of PVAT adipocytes in storing amines in a VMAT-dependent manner. It provides a foundation for future studies exploring the purpose and mechanisms of norepinephrine storage by PVAT in normal physiology and obesity-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleeha F Ahmad
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.F.A., D.F., E.D., J.T., A.I., R.B., S.W.W.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - David Ferland
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.F.A., D.F., E.D., J.T., A.I., R.B., S.W.W.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Nadia Ayala-Lopez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT (N.A.-L.)
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (G.A.C., K.T., A.J.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Emma Darios
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.F.A., D.F., E.D., J.T., A.I., R.B., S.W.W.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Janice Thompson
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.F.A., D.F., E.D., J.T., A.I., R.B., S.W.W.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Alexander Ismail
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.F.A., D.F., E.D., J.T., A.I., R.B., S.W.W.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Kyan Thelen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (G.A.C., K.T., A.J.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Adam J Moeser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (G.A.C., K.T., A.J.M.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Robert Burnett
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.F.A., D.F., E.D., J.T., A.I., R.B., S.W.W.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Arun Anantharam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (A.A.)
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.F.A., D.F., E.D., J.T., A.I., R.B., S.W.W.), Michigan State University, East Lansing
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32
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Lohoff FW, Carr GV, Brookshire B, Ferraro TN, Lucki I. Deletion of the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (vmat1/slc18a1) gene affects dopamine signaling. Brain Res 2019; 1712:151-157. [PMID: 30685272 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter is involved in presynaptic catecholamine storage and neurotransmission. Two isoforms of the transporter exist, VMAT1 and VMAT2, and both are expressed in the brain, though VMAT2 expression is more robust and has been more widely studied. In this study we investigated the role of VMAT1 KO on markers of dopaminergic function and neurotransmission, and dopamine-related behaviors. Null-mutant VMAT1 mice were studied behaviorally using the tail suspension test, elevated zero maze and locomotor activity assessments. Tissue monoamines were measured both ex vivo and by using in vivo microdialysis. Protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and D2 dopamine receptors was measured using western blot analysis. Results show that VMAT1 KO mice have decreased dopamine levels in the frontal cortex, increased postsynaptic D2 expression, and lower frontal cortex tyrosine hydroxylase expression compared to WT mice. VMAT1 KO mice also show an exaggerated behavioral locomotor response to acute amphetamine treatment. We conclude that dopaminergic signaling is robustly altered in the frontal cortex of VMAT1 null-mutant mice and suggest that VMAT1 may be relevant to the pathogenesis and/or treatment of psychiatric illnesses including schizophrenia and bipolar disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gregory V Carr
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bethany Brookshire
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Translational Research Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas N Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Irwin Lucki
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
The identification of MPTP, a relatively simple compound which causes selective degeneration of the substantia nigra after systemic administration, has had an a significant impact on the understanding and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) over the last 30 years. This article is prefaced by the intriguing “medical detective story” that lead to the discovery of the biological effects of MPTP in humans. The steps that lead to the unraveling its mechanism of action and their impact on research into pathways underlying nigrostriatal degeneration are reviewed. The impact of the animal models that have been developed utilizing MPTP is also described with a focus on the translational implications of MPTP-related research. These include use of MAO-B inhibitors aimed at neuroprotection in PD and the importance of a stable primate model for PD which was utilized to better understand the circuitry of the basal ganglia, and the identification of the subthalamic nucleus as a target for deep brain stimulation. Finally, the results of a broad range of epidemiologic studies aimed as assessing the impact of environmental factors in PD that have been inspired by MPTP are summarized, including the discovery of other neurotoxicants (rotenone and paraquat) with parkinsonogenic effects. Overall, this article attempts to describe how the discovery of this nigral neurotoxicant began, where it is currently, and what the future may hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. William Langston
- Correspondence to: J. William Langston, Parkinson’s Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, USA. E-mail:
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34
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Uhl GR. Dopamine compartmentalization, selective dopaminergic vulnerabilities in Parkinson's disease and therapeutic opportunities. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:406-415. [PMID: 30847375 PMCID: PMC6389739 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive depletion of selected dopamine neurons is central to much Parkinson's disease (PD) disability. Although symptomatic treatments can ameliorate the disabilities that this neuronal depletion causes, no current strategy is documented to slow these losses. There is substantial evidence that dopamine in intracytoplasmic/extravesicular neuronal compartments can be toxic. Here, I review evidence that supports roles for dopamine compartmentalization, mediated largely by serial actions of plasma membrane SLC6A3/DAT and vesicular SLC18A2/VMAT2 transporters, in the selective patterns of dopamine neuronal loss found in PD brains. This compartmentalization hypothesis for the dopamine cell type specificity of PD lesions nominates available drugs for amelioration of damage arising from miscompartmentalized dopamine and raises cautions in using other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Uhl
- Neurology and Research Services New Mexico VA HealthCare System Albuquerque New Mexico 87108.,Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87108.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87108.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore Maryland 21287
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35
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Nilsson SRO, Heath CJ, Takillah S, Didienne S, Fejgin K, Nielsen V, Nielsen J, Saksida LM, Mariani J, Faure P, Didriksen M, Robbins TW, Bussey TJ, Mar AC. Continuous performance test impairment in a 22q11.2 microdeletion mouse model: improvement by amphetamine. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:247. [PMID: 30429456 PMCID: PMC6235862 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) confers high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. These disorders are associated with attentional impairment, the remediation of which is important for successful therapeutic intervention. We assessed a 22q11.2DS mouse model (Df(h22q11)/+) on a touchscreen rodent continuous performance test (rCPT) of attention and executive function that is analogous to human CPT procedures. Relative to wild-type littermates, Df(h22q11)/+ male mice showed impaired attentional performance as shown by decreased correct response ratio (hit rate) and a reduced ability to discriminate target stimuli from non-target stimuli (discrimination sensitivity, or d'). The Df(h22q11)/+ model exhibited decreased prefrontal cortical-hippocampal oscillatory synchrony within multiple frequency ranges during quiet wakefulness, which may represent a biomarker of cognitive dysfunction. The stimulant amphetamine (0-1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently improved d' in Df(h22q11)/+ mice whereas the highest dose of modafinil (40 mg/kg, i.p.) exacerbated their d' impairment. This is the first report to directly implicate attentional impairment in a 22q11.2DS mouse model, mirroring a key endophenotype of the human disorder. The capacity of the rCPT to detect performance impairments in the 22q11.2DS mouse model, and improvement following psychostimulant-treatment, highlights the utility and translational potential of the Df(h22q11)/+ model and this automated behavioral procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R. O. Nilsson
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0001 2109 4251grid.240324.3Neuroscience Institute, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - Christopher J. Heath
- 0000000096069301grid.10837.3dSchool of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Samir Takillah
- Fatigue and Vigilance team, Neuroscience and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France ,0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33VIFASOM team (EA 7330), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France ,0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), CNRS, INSERM, U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR 8246 Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Team Neurophysiology and Behavior, Paris, France ,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR 8256 Biological adaptation and ageing (B2A), Team Brain Development, Repair and Ageing, Paris, France ,APHP Hôpital, DHU Fast, Institut de la Longévité, Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Steve Didienne
- 0000 0001 2097 0141grid.121334.6Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), CNRS, INSERM, U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR 8246 Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Team Neurophysiology and Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Kim Fejgin
- 0000 0004 0476 7612grid.424580.fH. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Nielsen
- 0000 0004 0476 7612grid.424580.fH. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Nielsen
- 0000 0004 0476 7612grid.424580.fH. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa M. Saksida
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0004 1936 8884grid.39381.30Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute & Department of Physiology, Western University, London, ON Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8884grid.39381.30Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8884grid.39381.30The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Jean Mariani
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR 8256 Biological adaptation and ageing (B2A), Team Brain Development, Repair and Ageing, Paris, France ,APHP Hôpital, DHU Fast, Institut de la Longévité, Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe Faure
- 0000 0001 2188 0914grid.10992.33VIFASOM team (EA 7330), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Michael Didriksen
- 0000 0004 0476 7612grid.424580.fH. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy J. Bussey
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0MRC and Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0004 1936 8884grid.39381.30Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute & Department of Physiology, Western University, London, ON Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8884grid.39381.30Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada ,0000 0004 1936 8884grid.39381.30The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Adam C. Mar
- 0000 0001 2109 4251grid.240324.3Neuroscience Institute, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY USA
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Jewett M, Dickson E, Brolin K, Negrini M, Jimenez-Ferrer I, Swanberg M. Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 4 Prevents Dopamine Neurodegeneration in a Rat Alpha-Synuclein Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:222. [PMID: 29681884 PMCID: PMC5897443 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disease, which typically presents itself with a range of motor symptoms, like resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity, but also non-motor symptoms such as fatigue, constipation, and sleep disturbance. Neuropathologically, PD is characterized by loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and Lewy bodies, neuronal inclusions containing α-synuclein (α-syn). Mutations and copy number variations of SNCA, the gene encoding α-syn, are linked to familial PD and common SNCA gene variants are associated to idiopathic PD. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified risk variants across another 40 loci associated to idiopathic PD. These risk variants do not, however, explain all the genetic contribution to idiopathic PD. The rat Vra1 locus has been linked to neuroprotection after nerve- and brain injury in rats. Vra1 includes the glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (Gsta4) gene, which encodes a protein involved in clearing lipid peroxidation by-products. The DA.VRA1 congenic rat strain, carrying PVG alleles in Vra1 on a DA strain background, was recently reported to express higher levels of Gsta4 transcripts and to display partial neuroprotection of SNpc dopaminergic neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced model for PD. Since α-syn expression increases the risk for PD in a dose-dependent manner, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of Vra1 in an α-syn-induced PD model. Human wild-type α-syn was overexpressed by unilateral injections of the rAAV6-α-syn vector in the SNpc of DA and DA.VRA1 congenic rats. Gsta4 gene expression levels were significantly higher in the striatum and midbrain of DA.VRA1 compared to DA rats at 3 weeks post surgery, in both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. At 8 weeks post surgery, DA.VRA1 rats suffered significantly lower fiber loss in the striatum and lower loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc compared to DA. Immunofluorescent stainings showed co-expression of Gsta4 with Gfap at 8 weeks suggesting that astrocytic expression of Gsta4 underlies Vra1-mediated neuroprotection to α-syn induced pathology. This is the second PD model in which Vra1 is linked to protection of the nigrostriatal pathway, solidifying Gsta4 as a potential therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jewett
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elna Dickson
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Brolin
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilde Negrini
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Itzia Jimenez-Ferrer
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Swanberg
- Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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37
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Isingrini E, Guinaudie C, C Perret L, Rainer Q, Moquin L, Gratton A, Giros B. Genetic elimination of dopamine vesicular stocks in the nigrostriatal pathway replicates Parkinson's disease motor symptoms without neuronal degeneration in adult mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12432. [PMID: 28963508 PMCID: PMC5622135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2), by regulating the storage of monoamines transmitters into synaptic vesicles, has a protective role against their cytoplasmic toxicity. Increasing evidence suggests that impairment of VMAT2 neuroprotection contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several transgenic VMAT2 mice models have been developed, however these models lack specificity regarding the monoaminergic system targeting. To circumvent this limitation, we created VMAT2-KO mice specific to the dopamine (DA) nigrostriatal pathway to analyze VMAT2’s involvement in DA depletion-induced motor features associated to PD and examine the relevance of DA toxicity in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Adult VMAT2 floxed mice were injected in the substancia nigra (SN) with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing the Cre-recombinase allowing VMAT2 removal in DA neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway solely. VMAT2 deletion in the SN induced both DA depletion exclusively in the dorsal striatum and motor dysfunction. At 16 weeks post-injection, motor symptoms were accompanied with a decreased in food and water consumption and weight loss. However, despite an accelerating death, degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons was not observed in this model during this time frame. This study highlights a non-cytotoxic role of DA in our genetic model of VMAT2 deletion exclusively in nigrostriatal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Isingrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Chloé Guinaudie
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Léa C Perret
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Quentin Rainer
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3, Canada. .,Sorbonne Universités, Neuroscience Paris Seine, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U 1130, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM119, 75005, Paris, France.
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Association analysis of polymorphisms in VMAT2 and TMEM106B genes for Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Sci 2017; 377:65-71. [PMID: 28477711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) and transmembrane Protein 106B (TMEM106B) were reported to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies found that two polymorphisms (rs363371 and rs363324) in VMAT2 might be a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) in Caucasians, while the two other variants (rs1990622 and rs3173615) in TMEM106B increased the risk for frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Considering the overlap between clinical manifestation and pathologic characteristics in neurodegenerative diseases, we conducted a large-sample study to investigate the associations between these four polymorphisms and the risk for PD, sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) in a Chinese patient population. METHODS A total of 1121 PD, 863 SALS, and 356 MSA patients, as well as 829 healthy controls (HCs), were included in the study. These four polymorphisms were genotyped using Sequenom iPLEX Assay technology. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the genotype distribution of VMAT2 rs363371 between SALS patients and HCs (p=0.001). In an additive model, "GG" of rs363371 significantly decreased the risk for SALS (p<0.001, OR: 0.49, 95% CI [0.36-0.67]). The frequencies of minor alleles for rs1990622 and rs3173615 in TMEM106B were significantly different between PD patients with initial symptoms of tremor and rigidity/bradykinesia (p=0.001), and between patients with initial symptom of rigidity/bradykinesia and HCs (p<0.001). The minor alleles "T" of rs1990622 and "C" of rs3173615 increased the risk for PD patients with initial symptom of rigidity/bradykinesia (OR: 1.21[1.10-1.34] and OR: 1.19[1.07-1.31], respectively). No differences were found in the genotype distribution and allele frequency of the four polymorphisms between MSA patients and HCs. CONCLUSION In this Chinese patient population, "GG" of rs363371 in VMAT2 may reduce the risk for SALS, while minor alleles of rs1990622 and rs3173615 in TMEM106B may be associated with PD patients with initial symptom of rigidity/bradykinesia.
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Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) modulates dopamine release and is disrupted in Parkinson disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2253-E2262. [PMID: 28246328 PMCID: PMC5358362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616892114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a role for the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) in dopamine neurotransmission and Parkinson disease (PD). SV2C is expressed on the vesicles of dopamine-producing neurons, and genetic deletion of SV2C causes a reduction in synaptic release of dopamine. The reduced dopamine release is associated with a decrease in motor activity. SV2C is suspected of mediating the neuroprotective effects of nicotine, and we show an ablated neurochemical response to nicotine in SV2C-knockout mice. Last, we demonstrate that SV2C expression is specifically disrupted in mice that express mutated α-synuclein and in humans with PD. Together, these data establish SV2C as an important mediator of dopamine homeostasis and a potential contributor to PD pathogenesis. Members of the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) family of proteins are involved in synaptic function throughout the brain. The ubiquitously expressed SV2A has been widely implicated in epilepsy, although SV2C with its restricted basal ganglia distribution is poorly characterized. SV2C is emerging as a potentially relevant protein in Parkinson disease (PD), because it is a genetic modifier of sensitivity to l-DOPA and of nicotine neuroprotection in PD. Here we identify SV2C as a mediator of dopamine homeostasis and report that disrupted expression of SV2C within the basal ganglia is a pathological feature of PD. Genetic deletion of SV2C leads to reduced dopamine release in the dorsal striatum as measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, reduced striatal dopamine content, disrupted α-synuclein expression, deficits in motor function, and alterations in neurochemical effects of nicotine. Furthermore, SV2C expression is dramatically altered in postmortem brain tissue from PD cases but not in Alzheimer disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, or multiple system atrophy. This disruption was paralleled in mice overexpressing mutated α-synuclein. These data establish SV2C as a mediator of dopamine neuron function and suggest that SV2C disruption is a unique feature of PD that likely contributes to dopaminergic dysfunction.
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de Haan P, Klein HC, 't Hart BA. Autoimmune Aspects of Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Template for Innovative Therapy. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:46. [PMID: 28421005 PMCID: PMC5378775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases (NPDs) are today's most important group of diseases, surpassing both atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer in morbidity incidence. Although NPDs have a dramatic impact on our society because of their high incidence, mortality, and severe debilitating character, remarkably few effective interventions have become available. The current treatments, if available, comprise the lifelong intake of general immunosuppressants to delay disease progression or neurotransmitter antagonists/agonists to dampen undesired behaviors. The long-term usage of such medication, however, coincides with often severe adverse side effects. There is, therefore, an urgent need for safe and effective treatments for these diseases. Here, we discuss that many NPDs coincide with subtle chronic or flaring brain inflammation sometimes escalating with infiltrations of lymphocytes in the inflamed brain parts causing mild to severe or even lethal brain damage. Thus, NPDs show all features of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we postulate that NPDs resemble autoimmune-driven inflammatory diseases in many aspects and may belong to the same disease spectrum. Just like in autoimmune diseases, NPD symptoms basically are manifestations of a chronic self-sustaining inflammatory process with detrimental consequences for the patient. Specific inhibition of the destructive immune responses in the brain, leaving the patient's immune system intact, would be the ultimate solution to cure patients from the disease. To reach this goal, the primary targets, e.g., the primary self-antigens (pSAgs) of the patient's chronic (auto)immune response, need to be identified. For a few major NPDs, immunological studies led to the identification of the pSAgs involved in the autoimmune damage of specific brain parts. However, further research is needed to complete the list of pSAgs for all NPDs. Such immunological studies will not only provide crucial insights into NPD pathogenesis but also ultimately enable the development of a new generation of safe and effective immunotherapies for NPDs. Interventions that will dramatically improve the life expectancy and quality of life of individual patients and, moreover, will significantly reduce the health-care costs of the society in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans C Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Imaging Centre, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
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Lohr KM, Masoud ST, Salahpour A, Miller GW. Membrane transporters as mediators of synaptic dopamine dynamics: implications for disease. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:20-33. [PMID: 27520881 PMCID: PMC5209277 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine was first identified as a neurotransmitter localized to the midbrain over 50 years ago. The dopamine transporter (DAT; SLC6A3) and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2; SLC18A2) are regulators of dopamine homeostasis in the presynaptic neuron. DAT transports dopamine from the extracellular space into the cytosol of the presynaptic terminal. VMAT2 then packages this cytosolic dopamine into vesicular compartments for subsequent release upon neurotransmission. Thus, DAT and VMAT2 act in concert to move the transmitter efficiently throughout the neuron. Accumulation of dopamine in the neuronal cytosol can trigger oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, suggesting that the proper compartmentalization of dopamine is critical for neuron function and risk of disease. For decades, studies have examined the effects of reduced transporter function in mice (e.g. DAT-KO, VMAT2-KO, VMAT2-deficient). However, we have only recently been able to assess the effects of elevated transporter expression using BAC transgenic methods (DAT-tg, VMAT2-HI mice). Complemented with in vitro work and neurochemical techniques to assess dopamine compartmentalization, a new focus on the importance of transporter proteins as both models of human disease and potential drug targets has emerged. Here, we review the importance of DAT and VMAT2 function in the delicate balance of neuronal dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Lohr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shababa T Masoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wimalasena K. Current Status, Gaps, and Weaknesses of the Mechanism of Selective Dopaminergic Toxicity of MPTP/MPP +. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-812522-9.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cliburn RA, Dunn AR, Stout KA, Hoffman CA, Lohr KM, Bernstein AI, Winokur EJ, Burkett J, Schmitz Y, Caudle WM, Miller GW. Immunochemical localization of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in mouse brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 83-84:82-90. [PMID: 27836486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2, SLC18A2) is a transmembrane transporter protein that packages dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and histamine into vesicles in preparation for neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron. VMAT2 function and related vesicle dynamics have been linked to susceptibility to oxidative stress, exogenous toxicants, and Parkinson's disease. To address a recent depletion of commonly used antibodies to VMAT2, we generated and characterized a novel rabbit polyclonal antibody generated against a 19 amino acid epitope corresponding to an antigenic sequence within the C-terminal tail of mouse VMAT2. We used genetic models of altered VMAT2 expression to demonstrate that the antibody specifically recognizes VMAT2 and localizes to synaptic vesicles. Furthermore, immunohistochemical labeling using this VMAT2 antibody produces immunoreactivity that is consistent with expected VMAT2 regional distribution. We show the distribution of VMAT2 in monoaminergic brain regions of mouse brain, notably the midbrain, striatum, olfactory tubercle, dopaminergic paraventricular nuclei, tuberomammillary nucleus, raphe nucleus, and locus coeruleus. Normal neurotransmitter vesicle dynamics are critical for proper health and functioning of the nervous system, and this well-characterized VMAT2 antibody will be a useful tool in studying neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by vesicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Cliburn
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Amy R Dunn
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Kristen A Stout
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Carlie A Hoffman
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Kelly M Lohr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Emily J Winokur
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - James Burkett
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Yvonne Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, United States
| | - William M Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Ozkan A, Parlak H, Tanriover G, Dilmac S, Ulker SN, Birsen I, Agar A. The protective mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid in mouse model of Parkinson: The role of hemeoxygenase. Neurochem Int 2016; 101:S0197-0186(16)30159-0. [PMID: 27984168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Its major clinical symptoms are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid for neural functions that resides within the neural membrane. A decline in fatty acid concentration is observed in case of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. The present study aimed to explore the role of the heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme in protective effects of DHA administration in an experimental model of PD by using the neurotoxin 1-Methly-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Three-month old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups as Control, DHA-treated (DHA), MPTP-injected (MPTP) and DHA-treated + MPTP injected (DHA + MPTP). DHA was administered daily (36 mg kg-1 day-1) by gavage to DHA and DHA + MPTP groups for 30 days. On the 23rd day of DHA administration, MPTP was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 4 × 20 mg kg-1 with 2-hr. intervals. Motor activities of mice were evaluated by pole test, locomotor activity and rotarod tests on the 7th day of the utilization of experimental Parkinson's model. Total brain tissues were used in immunohistochemical analysis of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Nuclear factor E2 related factor2 (Nrf2). SN tissues were extracted for biochemical analysis. HO-1 and HO-2 protein levels were detected by western blotting. Further, HO activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay. As an indicator of motor coordination and balance, the rotarod test at 40 rpm showed that MPTP-treated animals exhibited shorter time on the rotating rod mill, which was significantly increased by DHA treatment in DHA + MPTP group. The total locomotor activity, ambulatory movement and total distance were decreased in MPTP group, whereas they were improved upon DHA treatment. The results of the pole test indicating the intensity of the bradykinesia showed that the T-turn and T-total were increased in MPTP group, while DHA treatment significantly shortened both parameters. The number of TH-positive cells in SN was significantly reduced in MPTP group compared to the Control and DHA + MPTP groups. Also, immunoreactive Nrf2 levels were clearly increased in MPTP group compared to DHA + MPTP group. HO-1 expression level decreased in the DHA + MPTP group compared to MPTP group. The results of the present study indicated that DHA has protective effects on dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced experimental model of PD. In addition, the pathways of HO-1 and HO-2 might participate in this protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ozkan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Hande Parlak
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sayra Dilmac
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Ilknur Birsen
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aysel Agar
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
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Hsu KC, Wang FS. Fuzzy Decision Making Approach to Identify Optimum Enzyme Targets and Drug Dosage for Remedying Presynaptic Dopamine Deficiency. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164589. [PMID: 27736960 PMCID: PMC5063375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Model-based optimization approaches are valuable in developing new drugs for human metabolic disorders. The core objective in most optimal drug designs is positive therapeutic effects. In this study, we considered the effects of therapeutic, adverse, and target variation simultaneously. A fuzzy optimization method was applied to formulate a multiobjective drug design problem for detecting enzyme targets in the presynaptic dopamine metabolic network to remedy two types of enzymopathies caused by deficiencies of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The fuzzy membership approach transforms a two-stage drug discovery problem into a unified decision-making problem. We developed a nested hybrid differential evolution algorithm to efficiently identify a set of potential drug targets. Furthermore, we also simulated the effects of current clinical drugs for Parkinson’s disease (PD) in this model and tried to clarify the possible causes of neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. The optimal drug design could yield 100% satisfaction grade when both therapeutic effect and the number of targets were considered in the objective. This scenario required regulating one to three and one or two enzyme targets for 50%–95% and 50%–100% VMAT2 and TH deficiencies, respectively. However, their corresponding adverse and target variation effect grades were less satisfactory. For the most severe deficiencies of VMAT2 and TH, a compromise design could be obtained when the effects of therapeutic, adverse, and target variation were simultaneously applied to the optimal drug discovery problem. Such a trade-off design followed the no free lunch theorem for optimization; that is, a more serious dopamine deficiency required more enzyme targets and lower satisfaction grade. In addition, the therapeutic effects of current clinical medications for PD could be enhanced in combination with new enzyme targets. The increase of toxic metabolites after treatment might be the cause of neurotoxic effects of some current PD medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Disease-Toxicant Interactions in Parkinson's Disease Neuropathology. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1772-1786. [PMID: 27613618 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human disease commonly manifests as a result of complex genetic and environmental interactions. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), understanding how environmental exposures collude with genetic polymorphisms in the central nervous system to cause dysfunction is critical in order to develop better treatment strategies, therapies, and a more cohesive paradigm for future research. The intersection of genetics and the environment in disease etiology is particularly relevant in the context of their shared pathophysiological mechanisms. This review offers an integrated view of disease-toxicant interactions in PD. Particular attention is dedicated to how mutations in the genes SNCA, parkin, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and DJ-1, as well as dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteasome system, may contribute to PD and how exposure to heavy metals, pesticides and illicit drugs may further the consequences of these mutations to exacerbate PD and PD-like disorders. Although the toxic effects induced by exposure to these environmental factors may not be the primary causes of PD, their mechanisms of action are critical for our current understanding of the neuropathologies driving PD. Elucidating how environment and genetics collude to cause pathogenesis of PD will facilitate the development of more effective treatments for the disease. Additionally, we discuss the neuroprotection exerted by estrogen and other compounds that may prevent PD and provide an overview of current treatment strategies and therapies.
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Sulzer D, Cragg SJ, Rice ME. Striatal dopamine neurotransmission: regulation of release and uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:123-148. [PMID: 27141430 DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission is governed by processes that regulate release from axonal boutons in the forebrain and the somatodendritic compartment in midbrain, and by clearance by the DA transporter, diffusion, and extracellular metabolism. We review how axonal DA release is regulated by neuronal activity and by autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, and address how quantal release events are regulated in size and frequency. In brain regions densely innervated by DA axons, DA clearance is due predominantly to uptake by the DA transporter, whereas in cortex, midbrain, and other regions with relatively sparse DA inputs, the norepinephrine transporter and diffusion are involved. We discuss the role of DA uptake in restricting the sphere of influence of DA and in temporal accumulation of extracellular DA levels upon successive action potentials. The tonic discharge activity of DA neurons may be translated into a tonic extracellular DA level, whereas their bursting activity can generate discrete extracellular DA transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sulzer
- Depts of Psychiatry, Neurology, & Pharmacology, NY State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie J Cragg
- Dept Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Depts of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Xiong N, Li N, Martin E, Yu J, Li J, Liu J, Lee DYW, Isacson O, Vance J, Qing H, Wang T, Lin Z. hVMAT2: A Target of Individualized Medication for Parkinson's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:623-34. [PMID: 27137201 PMCID: PMC4965405 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is responsible for sequestering cytosolically toxic dopamine into intracellular secretory vesicles. Animal genetic studies have suggested that reduced VMAT2 activity contributes to the genetic etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), but this role has not been established in humans. Based on human genetic association and meta-analysis, we first confirm the human VMAT2 (hVMAT2 or SLC18A2) promoter as a risk factor for PD in both family and unrelated US white people: marker rs363324 at -11.5 kb in the hVMAT2 promoter is reproducibly associated with PD in a cohort of nuclear families (p = 0.04506 in early-onset PD) and 3 unrelated US white people (meta-analysis p = 0.01879). In SH-SY5Y cells, low activity-associated hVMAT2 promoter confers high methylpiperidinopyrazole iodide cytotoxicity, which is likely attributed to functional polymorphisms bound by nuclear proteins. Interestingly, treatments with the dopamine neuron-protecting agent puerarin upregulates the promoter activity in a haplotype- and cell line-dependent manner. These pharmacogenetic findings suggest that hVMAT2 could be a risk factor and imply it as a target of genetic medications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Nuomin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Eden Martin
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, 300222, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Bio-Organic and Nutritional Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - David Yue-Wei Lee
- Bio-Organic and Nutritional Products Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jeffery Vance
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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Lohr KM, Chen M, Hoffman CA, McDaniel MJ, Stout KA, Dunn AR, Wang M, Bernstein AI, Miller GW. Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) Level Regulates MPTP Vulnerability and Clearance of Excess Dopamine in Mouse Striatal Terminals. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:79-88. [PMID: 27287315 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) packages neurotransmitters for release during neurotransmission and sequesters toxicants into vesicles to prevent neuronal damage. In mice, low VMAT2 levels causes catecholaminergic cell loss and behaviors resembling Parkinson's disease, while high levels of VMAT2 increase dopamine release and protect against dopaminergic toxicants. However, comparisons across these VMAT2 mouse genotypes were impossible due to the differing genetic background strains of the animals. Following back-crossing to a C57BL/6 line, we confirmed that mice with approximately 95% lower VMAT2 levels compared with wild-type (VMAT2-LO) display significantly reduced vesicular uptake, progressive dopaminergic terminal loss with aging, and exacerbated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity. Conversely, VMAT2-overexpressing mice (VMAT2-HI) are protected from the loss of striatal terminals following MPTP treatment. We also provide evidence that enhanced vesicular filling in the VMAT2-HI mice modifies the handling of newly synthesized dopamine, indicated by changes in indirect measures of extracellular dopamine clearance. These results confirm the role of VMAT2 in the protection of vulnerable nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and may also provide new insight into the side effects of L-DOPA treatments in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Lohr
- *Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health
| | - Merry Chen
- *Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health
| | - Carlie A Hoffman
- *Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health
| | | | - Kristen A Stout
- *Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health
| | - Amy R Dunn
- *Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health
| | - Minzheng Wang
- *Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health
| | | | - Gary W Miller
- *Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Department of Pharmacology Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
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Joolakanti SR, Nickell JR, Janganati V, Zheng G, Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA. Lobelane analogues containing 4-hydroxy and 4-(2-fluoroethoxy) aromatic substituents: Potent and selective inhibitors of [(3)H]dopamine uptake at the vesicular monoamine transporter-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2422-2427. [PMID: 27080180 PMCID: PMC4977194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of lobelane and GZ-793A analogues that incorporate aromatic 4-hydroxy and 4-(2-fluoroethoxy) substituents were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of [(3)H]dopamine (DA) uptake at the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) and the dopamine transporter (DAT), and [(3)H]serotonin uptake at the serotonin transporter (SERT). Most of these compounds exhibited potent inhibition of DA uptake at VMAT2 in the nanomolar range (Ki=30-70nM). The two most potent analogues, 7 and 14, both exhibited a Ki value of 31nM for inhibition of VMAT2. The lobelane analogue 14, incorporating 4-(2-fluoroethoxy) and 4-hydroxy aromatic substituents, exhibited 96- and 335-fold greater selectivity for VMAT2 versus DAT and SERT, respectively, in comparison to lobelane. Thus, lobelane analogues bearing hydroxyl and fluoroethoxy moieties retain the high affinity for VMAT2 of the parent compound, while enhancing selectivity for VMAT2 versus the plasmalemma transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamsunder R Joolakanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Justin R Nickell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Venumadhav Janganati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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