1
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Asantewaa G, Tuttle ET, Ward NP, Kang YP, Kim Y, Kavanagh ME, Girnius N, Chen Y, Rodriguez K, Hecht F, Zocchi M, Smorodintsev-Schiller L, Scales TQ, Taylor K, Alimohammadi F, Duncan RP, Sechrist ZR, Agostini-Vulaj D, Schafer XL, Chang H, Smith ZR, O'Connor TN, Whelan S, Selfors LM, Crowdis J, Gray GK, Bronson RT, Brenner D, Rufini A, Dirksen RT, Hezel AF, Huber AR, Munger J, Cravatt BF, Vasiliou V, Cole CL, DeNicola GM, Harris IS. Glutathione synthesis in the mouse liver supports lipid abundance through NRF2 repression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6152. [PMID: 39034312 PMCID: PMC11271484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells rely on antioxidants to survive. The most abundant antioxidant is glutathione (GSH). The synthesis of GSH is non-redundantly controlled by the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). GSH imbalance is implicated in many diseases, but the requirement for GSH in adult tissues is unclear. To interrogate this, we have developed a series of in vivo models to induce Gclc deletion in adult animals. We find that GSH is essential to lipid abundance in vivo. GSH levels are highest in liver tissue, which is also a hub for lipid production. While the loss of GSH does not cause liver failure, it decreases lipogenic enzyme expression, circulating triglyceride levels, and fat stores. Mechanistically, we find that GSH promotes lipid abundance by repressing NRF2, a transcription factor induced by oxidative stress. These studies identify GSH as a fulcrum in the liver's balance of redox buffering and triglyceride production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Asantewaa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily T Tuttle
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nathan P Ward
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Madeline E Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nomeda Girnius
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katherine Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fabio Hecht
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marco Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Leonid Smorodintsev-Schiller
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - TashJaé Q Scales
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kira Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fatemeh Alimohammadi
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Renae P Duncan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zachary R Sechrist
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Diana Agostini-Vulaj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xenia L Schafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hayley Chang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zachary R Smith
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas N O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Whelan
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jett Crowdis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Dept. of Infection and Immunity (DII), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology & Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aram F Hezel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aaron R Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Calvin L Cole
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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2
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Nakamura T, Conrad M. Exploiting ferroptosis vulnerabilities in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41556-024-01425-8. [PMID: 38858502 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a distinct lipid peroxidation-dependent form of necrotic cell death. This process has been increasingly contemplated as a new target for cancer therapy because of an intrinsic or acquired ferroptosis vulnerability in difficult-to-treat cancers and tumour microenvironments. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie ferroptosis and highlight available tools for the modulation of ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer cells and communication with immune cells within the tumour microenvironment. We further discuss how these new insights into ferroptosis-activating pathways can become new armouries in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Nakamura
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Molecular Targets & Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
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3
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Li C, Liu R, Xiong Z, Bao X, Liang S, Zeng H, Jin W, Gong Q, Liu L, Guo J. Ferroptosis: a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:331-344. [PMID: 38327187 PMCID: PMC10984869 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), the main contributor to acute cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, is characterized by necrotic core formation and plaque instability induced by cell death. The mechanisms of cell death in AS have recently been identified and elucidated. Ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent form of cell death, has been proven to participate in atherosclerotic progression by increasing endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, accumulated intracellular iron activates various signaling pathways or risk factors for AS, such as abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which can eventually lead to the disordered function of macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and vascular endothelial cells. However, the molecular pathways through which ferroptosis affects AS development and progression are not entirely understood. This review systematically summarizes the interactions between AS and ferroptosis and provides a feasible approach for inhibiting AS progression from the perspective of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Li
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Zhenyu Xiong
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Xue Bao
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Sijia Liang
- Department of PharmacologyZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Haotian Zeng
- Department of GastroenterologyShenzhen People’s HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Second Ward of General PediatricsSuizhou Central HospitalHubei University of MedicineSuizhou441300China
| | - Quan Gong
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Lian Liu
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- School of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434020China
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4
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Dar NJ, John U, Bano N, Khan S, Bhat SA. Oxytosis/Ferroptosis in Neurodegeneration: the Underlying Role of Master Regulator Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1507-1526. [PMID: 37725216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxytosis/ferroptosis is an iron-dependent oxidative form of cell death triggered by lethal accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOHs) in membranes. Failure of the intricate PLOOH repair system is a principle cause of ferroptotic cell death. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is distinctly vital for converting PLOOHs in membranes to non-toxic alcohols. As such, GPX4 is known as the master regulator of oxytosis/ferroptosis. Ferroptosis has been implicated in a number of disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), etc.), ischemia/reperfusion injury, and kidney degeneration. Reduced function of GPX4 is frequently observed in degenerative disorders. In this study, we examine how diminished GPX4 function may be a critical event in triggering oxytosis/ferroptosis to perpetuate or initiate the neurodegenerative diseases and assess the possible therapeutic importance of oxytosis/ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disorders. These discoveries are important for advancing our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases because oxytosis/ferroptosis may provide a new target to slow the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawab John Dar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Urmilla John
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Nargis Bano
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Sameera Khan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ali Bhat
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P, India.
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5
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Li S, Han Q, Liu C, Wang Y, Liu F, Pan S, Zuo L, Gao D, Chen K, Feng Q, Liu Z, Liu D. Role of ferroptosis in chronic kidney disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:113. [PMID: 38347570 PMCID: PMC10860320 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has historically been a significant global health concern, profoundly impacting both life and well-being. In the process of CKD, with the gradual loss of renal function, the incidence of various life-threatening complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accident, infection and stroke, is also increasing rapidly. Unfortunately, existing treatments exhibit limited ability to halt the progression of kidney injury in CKD, emphasizing the urgent need to delve into the precise molecular mechanisms governing the occurrence and development of CKD while identifying novel therapeutic targets. Renal fibrosis, a typical pathological feature of CKD, plays a pivotal role in disrupting normal renal structures and the loss of renal function. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation. Ferroptosis has emerged as a potential key player in various diseases and the initiation of organ fibrosis. Substantial evidence suggests that ferroptosis may significantly contribute to the intricate interplay between CKD and its progression. This review comprehensively outlines the intricate relationship between CKD and ferroptosis in terms of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, and discusses the current landscape of pharmacological research on ferroptosis, shedding light on promising avenues for intervention. It further illustrates recent breakthroughs in ferroptosis-related regulatory mechanisms implicated in the progression of CKD, thereby providing new insights for CKD treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Han
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxun Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Kaifeng Renmin Hospital, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Feng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Grüning NM, Ralser M. Monogenic Disorders of ROS Production and the Primary Anti-Oxidative Defense. Biomolecules 2024; 14:206. [PMID: 38397443 PMCID: PMC10887155 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular anti-oxidant defense mechanisms, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Redox metabolism, comprising a network of enzymes and genes, serves as a crucial regulator of ROS levels and maintains cellular homeostasis. This review provides an overview of the most important human genes encoding for proteins involved in ROS generation, ROS detoxification, and production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and the genetic disorders that lead to dysregulation of these vital processes. Insights gained from studies on inherited monogenic metabolic diseases provide valuable basic understanding of redox metabolism and signaling, and they also help to unravel the underlying pathomechanisms that contribute to prevalent chronic disorders like cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana-Maria Grüning
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Li M, Jin S, Zhu X, Xu J, Cao Y, Piao H. The role of ferroptosis in central nervous system damage diseases. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16741. [PMID: 38313006 PMCID: PMC10836208 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death, i.e., programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and iron dependence, which has unique morphological and biochemical properties. This unique mode of cell death is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation and regulated by multiple cell metabolic pathways, including redox homeostasis, iron metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and sugars. Many organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are caused by ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is closely related to central nervous system injury diseases and is currently an important topic of research globally. This research examined the relationships between ferroptosis and the occurrence and treatment of central nervous system injury diseases. Additionally, ferroptosis was assessed from the aspect of theory proposal, mechanism of action, and related signaling pathways per recent research. This review provides a relevant theoretical basis for further research on this theory, the prospect of its development, and the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shengbo Jin
- College of Acupuncture and Massage of Liaoning Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Gynaecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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8
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Syring JG, Crouse MS, Entzie YL, King LE, Hirchert MR, Ward AK, Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, Dahlen CR, Caton JS. One-carbon metabolite supplementation increases vitamin B12, folate, and methionine cycle metabolites in beef heifers and fetuses in an energy dependent manner at day 63 of gestation. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae202. [PMID: 39028746 PMCID: PMC11322739 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolites (OCM) are metabolites and cofactors which include folate, vitamin B12, methionine, and choline that support methylation reactions. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of moderate changes in maternal body weight gain in combination with OCM supplementation during the first 63 d of gestation in beef cattle on (1) B12 and folate concentrations in maternal serum (2) folate cycle intermediates in maternal and fetal liver, allantoic fluid (ALF), and amniotic fluid (AMF) and (3) metabolites involved in one-carbon metabolism and related metabolic pathways in maternal and fetal liver. Heifers were either intake restricted (RES) and fed to lose 0.23 kg/d, or fed to gain 0.60 kg/d (CON). Supplemented (+ OCM) heifers were given B12 and folate injections weekly and fed rumen-protected methionine and choline daily, while non-supplemented (-OCM) heifers were given weekly saline injections. These two treatments were combined in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement resulting in 4 treatments: CON-OCM, CON + OCM, RES-OCM, and RES + OCM. Samples of maternal serum, maternal and fetal liver, ALF, and AMF were collected at slaughter on day 63 of gestation. Restricted maternal nutrition most notably increased (./ ≤ 0.05) the concentration of vitamin B12 in maternal serum, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate in maternal liver, and cystathionine in the fetal liver; conversely, maternal restriction decreased (P = 0.05) 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate concentration in fetal liver. Supplementing OCM increased (P ≤ 0.05) the concentrations of maternal serum B12, folate, and folate intermediates, ALF and AMF 5-methyltetrahydrofolate concentration, and altered (P ≤ 0.02) other maternal liver intermediates including S-adenosylmethionine, dimethylglycine, cystathionine Glutathione reduced, glutathione oxidized, taurine, serine, sarcosine, and pyridoxine. These data demonstrate that OCM supplementation was effective at increasing maternal OCM status. Furthermore, these data are similar to previously published literature where restricted maternal nutrition also affected maternal OCM status. Altering OCM status in both the dam and fetus could impact fetal developmental outcomes and production efficiencies. Lastly, these data demonstrate that fetal metabolite abundance is highly regulated, although the changes required to maintain homeostasis may program altered metabolism postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Syring
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Yssi L Entzie
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Layla E King
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota Crookston, Crookston, MN 56716, USA
| | - Mara R Hirchert
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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9
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Le J, Pan G, Zhang C, Chen Y, Tiwari AK, Qin JJ. Targeting ferroptosis in gastric cancer: Strategies and opportunities. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:228-245. [PMID: 37903748 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death morphologically, genetically, and biochemically distinct from other cell death pathways and characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides and oxidative damage. It is now understood that ferroptosis plays an essential role in various biological processes, especially in the metabolism of iron, lipids, and amino acids. Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide with low early diagnosis rates and high metastasis rates, accounting for its relatively poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy is commonly used to treat GC, drug resistance often leads to poor therapeutic outcomes. In the last several years, extensive research on ferroptosis has highlighted its significant potential in GC therapy, providing a promising strategy to address drug resistance associated with standard cancer therapies. In this review, we offer an extensive summary of the key regulatory factors related to the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis. Various inducers and inhibitors specifically targeting ferroptosis are uncovered. Additionally, we explore the prospective applications and outcomes of these agents in the field of GC therapy, emphasizing their capacity to improve the outcomes of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Le
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhao Pan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Che Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yitao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Ikeda Y, Fujii J. The Emerging Roles of γ-Glutamyl Peptides Produced by γ-Glutamyltransferase and the Glutathione Synthesis System. Cells 2023; 12:2831. [PMID: 38132151 PMCID: PMC10741565 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L-γ-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine is commonly referred to as glutathione (GSH); this ubiquitous thiol plays essential roles in animal life. Conjugation and electron donation to enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are prominent functions of GSH. Cellular glutathione balance is robustly maintained via regulated synthesis, which is catalyzed via the coordination of γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and glutathione synthetase, as well as by reductive recycling by glutathione reductase. A prevailing short supply of L-cysteine (Cys) tends to limit glutathione synthesis, which leads to the production of various other γ-glutamyl peptides due to the unique enzymatic properties of γ-GCS. Extracellular degradation of glutathione by γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a dominant source of Cys for some cells. GGT catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of the γ-glutamyl group of glutathione or transfers it to amino acids or to dipeptides outside cells. Such processes depend on an abundance of acceptor substrates. However, the physiological roles of extracellularly preserved γ-glutamyl peptides have long been unclear. The identification of γ-glutamyl peptides, such as glutathione, as allosteric modulators of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) could provide insights into the significance of the preservation of γ-glutamyl peptides. It is conceivable that GGT could generate a new class of intercellular messaging molecules in response to extracellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata City 990-9585, Japan
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11
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Liang B, Wu Y. Hsa-miR-26a-5p improves OSCC sensitivity to ferroptosis by inhibiting SLC7A11. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 156:105807. [PMID: 37776596 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SLC7A11 plays a crucial role in ferroptosis and is upregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples. This study mainly aimed to elucidate the association of SLC7A11 with ferroptosis in OSCC and analyze its upstream regulatory mechanism. DESIGN The expression of SLC7A11 in OSCC and paracancerous tissues was detected. After administration of different concentrations of erastin to OSCC cells, cell viability was examined by MTT, and changes in GSH, MDA and Fe2+ concentrations were determined. Then, mitochondrial changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the upstream regulatory miRNA of SLC7A11, and the interaction between miR-26a and SLC7A11 was confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter gene. The effect of miR-26a mimics on ferroptosis resistance was also examined. RESULTS SLC7A11 expression was upregulated in both OSCC patients and cells, with high SLC7A11 expression levels in SCC-9 cells with an IC50 = 69.75 μM for erastin and low SLC7A11 expression levels in SCC-4 cells with an IC50 = 8.463 μM for erastin. SCC-9 exhibited a higher level of ferroptosis resistance than SCC-4. miR-26a-5p expression was downregulated in both OSCC patients and cells. A dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-26a-5p targets binding to the SLC7A11 3'UTR. Transfection of the miR-26a mimic significantly inhibited the viability of OSCC cells and promoted erastin-induced cellular ferroptosis. Transfection of miR-26a inhibitor gave the opposite result. Overexpression of SLC7A11 significantly reversed miR-26a mimic ferroptosis induction. CONCLUSION miR-26a-5p can exert OSCC inhibitory effects by regulating SLC7A11 and promote ferroptosis in OSCC cells by inhibiting SLC7A11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiming Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yadong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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12
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Bejarano E, Weinberg J, Clark M, Taylor A, Rowan S, Whitcomb EA. Redox Regulation in Age-Related Cataracts: Roles for Glutathione, Vitamin C, and the NRF2 Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:3375. [PMID: 37571310 PMCID: PMC10421530 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is the biggest risk factor for cataracts, and aberrant oxidative modifications are correlated with age-related cataracts, suggesting that proper redox regulation is important for lens clarity. The lens has very high levels of antioxidants, including ascorbate and glutathione that aid in keeping the lens clear, at least in young animals and humans. We summarize current functional and genetic data supporting the hypothesis that impaired regulation of oxidative stress leads to redox dysregulation and cataract. We will focus on the essential endogenous antioxidant glutathione and the exogenous antioxidant vitamin C/ascorbate. Additionally, gene expression in response to oxidative stress is regulated in part by the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [NFE2L2]), thus we will summarize our data regarding cataracts in Nrf2-/- mice. In this work, we discuss the function and integration of these capacities with the objective of maintaining lens clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Bejarano
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (E.B.); (J.W.); (M.C.); (A.T.); (S.R.)
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jasper Weinberg
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (E.B.); (J.W.); (M.C.); (A.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Madison Clark
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (E.B.); (J.W.); (M.C.); (A.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Allen Taylor
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (E.B.); (J.W.); (M.C.); (A.T.); (S.R.)
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Chemical and Molecular Biology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (E.B.); (J.W.); (M.C.); (A.T.); (S.R.)
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Whitcomb
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (E.B.); (J.W.); (M.C.); (A.T.); (S.R.)
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13
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Cassier-Chauvat C, Marceau F, Farci S, Ouchane S, Chauvat F. The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1199. [PMID: 37371929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
From bacteria to plants and humans, the glutathione system plays a pleiotropic role in cell defense against metabolic, oxidative and metal stresses. Glutathione (GSH), the γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine nucleophile tri-peptide, is the central player of this system that acts in redox homeostasis, detoxification and iron metabolism in most living organisms. GSH directly scavenges diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and carbon radicals. It also serves as a cofactor for various enzymes, such as glutaredoxins (Grxs), glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), which play crucial roles in cell detoxication. This review summarizes what is known concerning the GSH-system (GSH, GSH-derived metabolites and GSH-dependent enzymes) in selected model organisms (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana and human), emphasizing cyanobacteria for the following reasons. Cyanobacteria are environmentally crucial and biotechnologically important organisms that are regarded as having evolved photosynthesis and the GSH system to protect themselves against the ROS produced by their active photoautotrophic metabolism. Furthermore, cyanobacteria synthesize the GSH-derived metabolites, ergothioneine and phytochelatin, that play crucial roles in cell detoxication in humans and plants, respectively. Cyanobacteria also synthesize the thiol-less GSH homologs ophthalmate and norophthalmate that serve as biomarkers of various diseases in humans. Hence, cyanobacteria are well-suited to thoroughly analyze the role/specificity/redundancy of the players of the GSH-system using a genetic approach (deletion/overproduction) that is hardly feasible with other model organisms (E. coli and S. cerevisiae do not synthesize ergothioneine, while plants and humans acquire it from their soil and their diet, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cassier-Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fanny Marceau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sandrine Farci
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Soufian Ouchane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Peng W, Wen L, Jiang R, Deng J, Chen M. CHAC2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma by regulating ROS-mediated MAPK pathway activation. J Cancer 2023; 14:1309-1320. [PMID: 37283797 PMCID: PMC10240664 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in ROS (reactive oxidative species) and the antioxidant barrier regulates the process of tumorigenesis. GSH has a key effect in preventing cells from oxidative damage by scavenging ROS. The role of CHAC2, an enzyme regulating GSH, in lung adenocarcinoma remains unknown. Here, RNA sequencing data analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays of lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues were used to verify the expression of CHAC2. The effect of CHAC2 on the proliferation abilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells was examined using a series of overexpression or knockout assays. RNA sequencing and IHC results showed that the expression level of CHAC2 in lung adenocarcinoma was higher than that in normal lung tissues. CCK-8, colony formation and subcutaneous xenograft experiments in BALB/c nude mice showed that in vitro and in vivo CHAC2 promoted the growth capacity of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Subsequent immunoblot, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry experiments showed that CHAC2 increased ROS by reducing GSH in lung adenocarcinoma and that the elevated ROS activated the MAPK pathway. Our investigation identified a new role for CHAC2 and elucidated the mechanism by which CHAC2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of ChangSha, 410011, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of ChangSha, 410011, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of ChangSha, 410011, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjiu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China
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15
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Yang Y, He S, Qi Z, Chai X, Zhao Q, Hu B, Li G, Yu Y. Proliferation toxicity and mechanism of novel mixed bromine/chlorine transformation products of tetrabromobisphenol A on human embryonic stem cell. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131050. [PMID: 36821903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mixed bromine/chlorine transformation products of tetrabromobisphenol A (ClyBrxBPAs) are mixed halogenated-type compounds recently identified in electronic waste dismantling sites. There are a lack of toxicity data on these compounds. To study their development toxicity, the proliferation toxicity was investigated using human embryonic stem cells (hESC) exposed to the lowest effective dose of two ClyBrxBPA analogues (2-chloro-2',6-dibromobisphenol A and 2,2'-dichloro-6-monobromobisphenol A). For comparison, tetrabromobisphenol A, 2,2',6-tribromobisphenol A, and bisphenol A were also assessed. It was observed that ClyBrxBPAs inhibited hESCs proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The cell bioaccumulation efficiency of ClyBrxBPAs was higher than that of tetrabromobisphenol A. Also, ClyBrxBPAs were more toxic than tetrabromobisphenol A, with 2,2'-dichloro-6-monobromobisphenol A exhibiting the most potent toxicity. Furthermore, flow cytometry and oxidative stress results showed that increased reactive oxygen species raised the degree of apoptosis and reduced DNA synthesis. Metabolomics analysis on the effect of ClyBrxBPAs on metabolic pathway alteration showed that ClyBrxBPAs mainly interfered with four metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis. These results provide an initial perspective on the proliferation toxicity of ClyBrxBPAs, indicating development toxicity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shiyao He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuyang Chai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiting Zhao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Beibei Hu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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16
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Davies BM, Katayama JK, Monsivais JE, Adams JR, Dilts ME, Eberting AL, Hansen JM. Real-time analysis of dynamic compartmentalized GSH redox shifts and H 2O 2 availability in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130321. [PMID: 36870547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant, small biothiol antioxidant. GSH redox state (Eh) supports developmental processes, yet with disrupted GSH Eh, poor developmental outcomes may occur. The role of subcellular, compartmentalized redox environments in the context of redox regulation of differentiation is not well understood. Here, using the P19 neurogenesis model of cellular differentiation, kinetics of subcellular H2O2 availability and GSH Eh were evaluated following oxidant exposure. METHODS Stably transfected P19 cell lines expressing H2O2 availability or GSH Eh sensors, Orp1-roGFP or Grx1-roGFP, respectively, targeted to the cytosol, mitochondria, or nucleus were used. Dynamic, compartmentalized changes in H2O2 availability and GSH Eh were measured via spectrophotometric and confocal microscopy over 120 min following treatment with H2O2 (100 μM) in both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. RESULTS Generally, treated undifferentiated cells showed a greater degree and duration of both H2O2 availability and GSH Eh disruption than differentiated neurons. In treated undifferentiated cells, H2O2 availability was similar in all compartments. Interestingly, in treated undifferentiated cells, mitochondrial GSH Eh was most affected in both the initial oxidation and the rebound kinetics compared to other compartments. Pretreatment with an Nrf2 inducer prevented H2O2-induced effects in all compartments of undifferentiated cells. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of redox-sensitive developmental pathways is likely stage specific, where cells that are less differentiated and/or are actively differentiating are most affected. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Undifferentiated cells are more susceptible to oxidant-induced redox dysregulation but are protected by chemicals that induce Nrf2. This may preserve developmental programs and diminish the potential for poor developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Davies
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jenna K Katayama
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joshua E Monsivais
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - James R Adams
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Miriam E Dilts
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Arielle L Eberting
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Cell Biology and Physiology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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17
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Fujii J, Osaki T, Soma Y, Matsuda Y. Critical Roles of the Cysteine-Glutathione Axis in the Production of γ-Glutamyl Peptides in the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098044. [PMID: 37175751 PMCID: PMC10179188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl moiety that is attached to the cysteine (Cys) residue in glutathione (GSH) protects it from peptidase-mediated degradation. The sulfhydryl group of the Cys residue represents most of the functions of GSH, which include electron donation to peroxidases, protection of reactive sulfhydryl in proteins via glutaredoxin, and glutathione conjugation of xenobiotics, whereas Cys-derived sulfur is also a pivotal component of some redox-responsive molecules. The amount of Cys that is available tends to restrict the capacity of GSH synthesis. In in vitro systems, cystine is the major form in the extracellular milieu, and a specific cystine transporter, xCT, is essential for survival in most lines of cells and in many primary cultivated cells as well. A reduction in the supply of Cys causes GPX4 to be inhibited due to insufficient GSH synthesis, which leads to iron-dependent necrotic cell death, ferroptosis. Cells generally cannot take up GSH without the removal of γ-glutamyl moiety by γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) on the cell surface. Meanwhile, the Cys-GSH axis is essentially common to certain types of cells; primarily, neuronal cells that contain a unique metabolic system for intercellular communication concerning γ-glutamyl peptides. After a general description of metabolic processes concerning the Cys-GSH axis, we provide an overview and discuss the significance of GSH-related compounds in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuya Soma
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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18
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Maslinic Acid Supplementation during the In Vitro Culture Period Ameliorates Early Embryonic Development of Porcine Embryos by Regulating Oxidative Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061041. [PMID: 36978582 PMCID: PMC10044061 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As a pentacyclic triterpene, MA exhibits effective free radical scavenging capabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of MA on porcine early-stage embryonic development, oxidation resistance and mitochondrial function. Our results showed that 1 μM was the optimal concentration of MA, which resulted in dramatically increased blastocyst formation rates and improvement of blastocyst quality of in vitro-derived embryos from parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Further analysis indicated that MA supplementation not only significantly decreased the abundance of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dramatically increased the abundance of intracellular reductive glutathione (GSH) in porcine early-stage embryos, but also clearly attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, Western blotting showed that MA supplementation upregulated OCT4 (p < 0.01), SOD1 (p < 0.0001) and CAT (p < 0.05) protein expression in porcine early-stage embryos. Collectively, our data reveal that MA supplementation exerts helpful effects on porcine early embryo development competence via regulation of oxidative stress (OS) and amelioration of mitochondrial function and that MA may be useful for increasing the in vitro production (IVP) efficiency of porcine early-stage embryos.
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19
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Yan H, Talty R, Jain A, Cai Y, Zheng J, Shen X, Muca E, Paty PB, Bosenberg MW, Khan SA, Johnson CH. Discovery of decreased ferroptosis in male colorectal cancer patients with KRAS mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530478. [PMID: 36909561 PMCID: PMC10002683 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant tumor metabolism is a hallmark of cancer in which metabolic rewiring can support tumor growth under nutrient deficient conditions. KRAS mutations occur in 35-45% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and are difficult to treat. The relationship between mutant KRAS and aberrant metabolism in CRCs has not been fully explored and could be a target for intervention. We previously acquired non-targeted metabolomics data from 161 tumor tissues and 39 normal colon tissues from stage I-III chemotherapy naïve CRC patients. In this study, we revealed that tumors from male patients with KRAS mutations only, had several altered pathways that suppress ferroptosis, including glutathione biosynthesis, transsulfuration activity, and methionine metabolism. To validate this phenotype, MC38 CRC cells (KRAS G13R ) were treated with a ferroptosis inducer; RAS-selected lethal (RSL3). RSL3 altered metabolic pathways in the opposite direction to that seen in KRAS mutant tumors from male patients confirming a suppressed ferroptosis metabolic phenotype in these patients. We further validated gene expression data from an additional CRC patient cohort (Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and similarly observed differences in ferroptosis-related genes by sex and KRAS status. Further examination of the relationship between these genes and overall survival (OS) in the GEO cohort showed that KRAS mutant tumors are associated with poorer 5-year OS compared to KRAS wild type tumors, and only in male patients. Additionally, high compared to low expression of GPX4, FTH1, FTL , which suppressed ferroptosis, were associated with poorer 5-year OS only in KRAS mutant tumors from male CRC patients. Low compared to high expression of ACSL4 was associated with poorer OS for this group. Our results show that KRAS mutant tumors from male CRC patients have suppressed ferroptosis, and gene expression changes that suppress ferroptosis associate with adverse outcomes for these patients, revealing a novel potential avenue for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Ronan Talty
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, USA
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Yuping Cai
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Xinyi Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
| | - Engjel Muca
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Philip B. Paty
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
| | - Marcus W. Bosenberg
- Departments of Pathology, Dermatology, and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sajid A. Khan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, USA
| | - Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, USA
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20
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Asantewaa G, Tuttle ET, Ward NP, Kang YP, Kim Y, Kavanagh ME, Girnius N, Chen Y, Duncan R, Rodriguez K, Hecht F, Zocchi M, Smorodintsev-Schiller L, Scales TQ, Taylor K, Alimohammadi F, Sechrist ZR, Agostini-Vulaj D, Schafer XL, Chang H, Smith Z, O'Connor TN, Whelan S, Selfors LM, Crowdis J, Gray GK, Bronson RT, Brenner D, Rufini A, Dirksen RT, Hezel AF, Huber AR, Munger J, Cravatt BF, Vasiliou V, Cole CL, DeNicola GM, Harris IS. Glutathione supports lipid abundance in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.524960. [PMID: 36798186 PMCID: PMC9934595 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.524960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cells rely on antioxidants to survive. The most abundant antioxidant is glutathione (GSH). The synthesis of GSH is non-redundantly controlled by the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). GSH imbalance is implicated in many diseases, but the requirement for GSH in adult tissues is unclear. To interrogate this, we developed a series of in vivo models to induce Gclc deletion in adult animals. We find that GSH is essential to lipid abundance in vivo. GSH levels are reported to be highest in liver tissue, which is also a hub for lipid production. While the loss of GSH did not cause liver failure, it decreased lipogenic enzyme expression, circulating triglyceride levels, and fat stores. Mechanistically, we found that GSH promotes lipid abundance by repressing NRF2, a transcription factor induced by oxidative stress. These studies identify GSH as a fulcrum in the liver's balance of redox buffering and triglyceride production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Asantewaa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Emily T Tuttle
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Nathan P Ward
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA, 33612
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA, 33612
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA, 33612
| | - Madeline E Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Nomeda Girnius
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Renae Duncan
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Katherine Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Fabio Hecht
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Marco Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Leonid Smorodintsev-Schiller
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - TashJaé Q Scales
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Kira Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Fatemeh Alimohammadi
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Zachary R Sechrist
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Surgery and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Diana Agostini-Vulaj
- Department of Surgery and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Xenia L Schafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Hayley Chang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Zachary Smith
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Thomas N O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Surgery and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Sarah Whelan
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Jett Crowdis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Aram F Hezel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Aaron R Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Josh Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92037
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Calvin L Cole
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Department of Surgery and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA, 33612
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, 14642
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21
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Wu Z, Li D, Tian D, Liu X, Wu Z. Aspirin mediates protection from diabetic kidney disease by inducing ferroptosis inhibition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279010. [PMID: 36516169 PMCID: PMC9749971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression can be predicted by abnormalities in the tubulointerstitial lining, and their treatment may be useful for preventing the disease. DKD is a progressive disease that contributes to renal tubular cell death, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a novel term linked to lipid hydroperoxidation, and it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DKD. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), an enzyme of the proximal tubule, causes cellular redox damage in DKD. It remains unknown whether COX2 exacerbates tubular damage by accelerating ferroptosis in the kidneys of diabetic mice. HK-2 cells cultured in high glucose exhibited ferroptosis, which was inhibited by ferroptosis inhibitors. Additionally, alterations in the sensors of ferroptosis metabolism, such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, lipid hydroperoxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and changes in mitochondrial morphology, were observed in high glucose-cultured HK-2 cells. Diabetic mice manifested tubular injury and deranged renal physiological indices, which were mitigated by ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Importantly, these perturbations were ameliorated by downregulating COX2. In addition, the increased COX2 was observed to be elevated in the daibetic kindney. To explore the relevance of COX2 to ferroptosis, HK-2 cells that knocked down from COX2 exhibited decreased ferroptosis sensitivity under high glucose conditions. In RSL-3-treated HK-2 cells, ferroptosis was improved by downregulating COX2 by treatment with aspirin, which was confirmed in high glucose-cultured HK-2 cells. Furthermore, the ferroptosis changes were also suppressed by decreasing COX2 in diabetic mice treated with aspirin, which retarded DKD progression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ferroptosis in renal tubular cells contributes to DKD development and that diabetes-related ferroptosis was inhibited through the downregulation of COX2 by aspirin, thus retarding the progression of DKD. Our findings support a renoprotective mechanism by which aspirin inhibits COX2 activation, identify COX2 as a potential target of ferroptosis, and establish that ferroptosis in renal tubular cells is an integral process in the pathogenesis of DKD regulated by COX2 expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease, The Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingyuan Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (ZW)
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (ZW)
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22
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Elumalai S, Karunakaran U, Moon JS, Won KC. Ferroptosis Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells: Novel Insights & Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13679. [PMID: 36430158 PMCID: PMC9690757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stress impairs pancreatic β-cell survival and function in diabetes. Although the pathophysiology of metabolic stress is complex, aberrant tissue damage and β-cell death are brought on by an imbalance in redox equilibrium due to insufficient levels of endogenous antioxidant expression in β-cells. The vulnerability of β-cells to oxidative damage caused by iron accumulation has been linked to contributory β-cell ferroptotic-like malfunction under diabetogenic settings. Here, we take into account recent findings on how iron metabolism contributes to the deregulation of the redox response in diabetic conditions as well as the ferroptotic-like malfunction in the pancreatic β-cells, which may offer insights for deciphering the pathomechanisms and formulating plans for the treatment or prevention of metabolic stress brought on by β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Elumalai
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Udayakumar Karunakaran
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Jun-Sung Moon
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Won
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
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23
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Corteselli E, Aboushousha R, Janssen-Heininger Y. S-Glutathionylation-Controlled Apoptosis of Lung Epithelial Cells; Potential Implications for Lung Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091789. [PMID: 36139863 PMCID: PMC9495907 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant in mammalian cells, regulates several vital cellular processes, such as nutrient metabolism, protein synthesis, and immune responses. In addition to its role in antioxidant defense, GSH controls biological processes through its conjugation to reactive protein cysteines in a post-translational modification known as protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG). PSSG has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Hallmarks of IPF include repeated injury to the alveolar epithelium with aberrant tissue repair, epithelial cell apoptosis and fibroblast resistance to apoptosis, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix and distortion of normal lung architecture. Several studies have linked oxidative stress and PSSG to the development and progression of IPF. Additionally, it has been suggested that the loss of epithelial cell homeostasis and increased apoptosis, accompanied by the release of various metabolites, creates a vicious cycle that aggravates disease progression. In this short review, we highlight some recent studies that link PSSG to epithelial cell apoptosis and highlight the potential implication of metabolites secreted by apoptotic cells.
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24
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Malott KF, Reshel S, Ortiz L, Luderer U. Glutathione deficiency decreases lipid droplet stores and increases reactive oxygen species in mouse oocytes†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1218-1231. [PMID: 35238901 PMCID: PMC9198951 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide thiol antioxidant that has been shown to be important to overall reproductive health. Glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis consists of a catalytic and a modifier (GCLM) subunit. We previously showed that oxidative stress in the ovary and oocytes of Gclm-/- mice is associated with accelerated age-related decline in ovarian follicles and decreased female fertility due to preimplantation embryonic mortality. Mammalian preimplantation development is a highly regulated and energy-intensive process that primarily relies on coordination between lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis. In this study, we hypothesized that GSH deficiency in oocytes increases oxidative stress, leading to increased mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased LD consumption, thereby decreasing oocyte developmental competence. We observed that Gclm-/- oocytes have increased oxidative stress, primarily in the form of mitochondrial superoxide and decreased subcortical mitochondrial clusters. Further, Gclm-/- oocytes have decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) compared with Gclm+/+. We surmise this is likely due to the decreased availability of LDs, as we observed a significant decrease in LD content in Gclm-/- oocytes compared with Gclm+/+. The decreased oocyte LD content is likely related to an altered serum lipidome, with Gclm-/- serum having relatively lower unsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides than that of Gclm+/+ and Gclm+/- females. Altogether these data support that decreased LDs and increased oxidative stress are primary drivers of decreased oocyte developmental competence in GSH-deficient oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli F Malott
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Reshel
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Laura Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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25
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Nascè A, Gariani K, Jornayvaz FR, Szanto I. NADPH Oxidases Connecting Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Outlook. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061131. [PMID: 35740032 PMCID: PMC9219746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by ectopic fat accumulation in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance and is the most frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the features connecting NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM is cellular oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to a redox imbalance due to an inequity between the capacity of production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the major cellular ROS sources is NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es). In physiological conditions, NOX-es produce ROS purposefully in a timely and spatially regulated manner and are crucial regulators of various cellular events linked to metabolism, receptor signal transmission, proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, dysregulated NOX-derived ROS production is related to the onset of diverse pathologies. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge concerning NOX enzymes as connective elements between NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM and weighs their potential relevance as pharmacological targets to alleviate fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nascè
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
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26
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Ligaza γ-glutamylocysteiny – od molekularnych mechanizmów regulacji aktywności enzymatycznej do implikacji terapeutycznych. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Glutation (γ-glutamylocysteinyloglicyna, GSH) jest najbardziej rozpowszechnionym tiolowym antyoksydantem wytwarzanym w cytozolu wszystkich komórek ssaków, który pełni ważną rolę ochronną przed stresem oksydacyjnym. GSH jest syntetyzowany de novo przez sekwencyjne działanie dwóch enzymów: ligazy γ-glutamylocysteiny (GCL) i syntetazy glutationowej (GS). GCL katalizuje pierwszy etap biosyntezy GSH, którego produktem jest γ-glutamylocysteina (γ-GC). GCL jest heterodimerycznym enzymem zbudowanym z podjednostki katalitycznej (GCLc) i modulatorowej (GCLm), kodowanych przez dwa różne geny. Podjednostki GCL podlegają złożonej regulacji zarówno na poziomie przed-, jak i potranslacyjnym. Zmiany w ekspresji i aktywności GCL mogą zaburzać poziom GSH i homeostazy redoks. Przyczyną wielu przewlekłych schorzeń związanych ze stresem oksydacyjnym jest upośledzenie aktywności katalitycznej GCL oraz spadek stężenia GSH. Badania przedkliniczne sugerują, że podawanie egzogennej γ-GC podwyższa wewnątrzkomórkowe GSH przez dostarczenie brakującego substratu i może wykazywać potencjał jako terapia uzupełniająca w chorobach związanych z deplecją GSH.
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27
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Qiu P, Hou W, Wang H, Lei KKW, Wang S, Chen W, Pardeshi LA, Prothro K, Shukla Y, Su SSM, Schrump DS, Chen Q, Deng CX, Xu X, Wang R. Sirt1 deficiency upregulates glutathione metabolism to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma initiation in mice. Oncogene 2021; 40:6023-6033. [PMID: 34433910 PMCID: PMC10184507 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is involved in various metabolic pathways, including fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. However, its role in initiation and progression of liver cancer remains unclear. Studying Sirt1 liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice in combination with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment, we demonstrated that loss of Sirt1 rendered mice resistant to DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. RNA-seq revealed that livers from LKO mice exhibited an enrichment in glutathione metabolism eight months after DEN challenge. Sirt1 deficiency elevated the expression of glutathione-s-transferase family genes by increasing the level of Nrf2, a key regulator of glutathione metabolism. Hence, LKO livers displayed a reductive environment with an increased ratio of GSH to GSSG and an elevated GSH level. Furthermore, using CRISPR knockout techniques, we confirmed that the impairment of HCC formation in LKO mice is mainly dependent on NRF2 signaling. Meanwhile, HCC induced by DEN could be blocked by the administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) when administered one month after DEN challenge. However, NAC treatment starting five months after DEN injection was not able to prevent tumor development. In conclusion, our findings indicate that a reductive environment orchestrated by glutathione metabolism at an early stage can prevent the initiation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Qiu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.,Center for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Weilong Hou
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Kimmy Ka Wing Lei
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Katherine Prothro
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yashvita Shukla
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samson Sek Man Su
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.,Center for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.,Center for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China. .,Center for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China. .,Center for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China. .,Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhuang L, Olszewski K, Gan B. NADPH debt drives redox bankruptcy: SLC7A11/xCT-mediated cystine uptake as a double-edged sword in cellular redox regulation. Genes Dis 2021; 8:731-745. [PMID: 34522704 PMCID: PMC8427322 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11; also known as xCT) plays a key role in antioxidant defense by mediating cystine uptake, promoting glutathione synthesis, and maintaining cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. Recent studies showed that, to prevent toxic buildup of highly insoluble cystine inside cells, cancer cells with high expression of SLC7A11 (SLC7A11high) are forced to quickly reduce cystine to more soluble cysteine, which requires substantial NADPH supply from the glucose-pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) route, thereby inducing glucose- and PPP-dependency in SLC7A11high cancer cells. Limiting glucose supply to SLC7A11high cancer cells results in significant NADPH “debt”, redox “bankruptcy”, and subsequent cell death. This review summarizes our current understanding of NADPH-generating and -consuming pathways, discusses the opposing role of SLC7A11 in protecting cells from oxidative stress–induced cell death such as ferroptosis but promoting glucose starvation–induced cell death, and proposes the concept that SLC7A11-mediated cystine uptake acts as a double-edged sword in cellular redox regulation. A detailed understanding of SLC7A11 in redox biology may identify metabolic vulnerabilities in SLC7A11high cancer for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The University of Texas, MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Sun P, Jia L, Hai J, Lu S, Chen F, Liang K, Sun S, Liu H, Fu X, Zhu Y, Wang B. Tumor Microenvironment-"AND" Near-Infrared Light-Activated Coordination Polymer Nanoprodrug for On-Demand CO-Sensitized Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001728. [PMID: 33305535 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) as an emerging treatment holds great promise for inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells. Here coordination assembled strategy is first reported for synthesis of Cu(II)-flavone coordination polymer (NCu-FleCP) CO nanoprodrug that is stable in normal physiological conditions, and yet readily reduces to small size prodrug complex and releases CO on demand under glutathione (GSH) and near infrared (NIR) light. Specifically, after uptaking by cancer cells, local GSH attacked coordination bond within NCu-FleCP, resulting in the release of Cu(I) and free Fle. The CC bond of Fle is cleavage under NIR light to release CO for gas therapy, and Cu(I) reacts with local H2 O2 through Fenton like reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals (• OH) for chemodynamic therapy. Detailed in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the CO prodrug system in generating a sufficient quantity of CO and • OH offers remarkable destructive effects against cancer cells without causing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. The study provides a solid foundation to develop smart coordination polymer CO prodrugs with on-demand CO release, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and biodegradability for multimodal synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Jun Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Kun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xu Fu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine Lanzhou University Second Hospital Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Gansu Lanzhou 730000 China
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30
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Jiang X, Stockwell BR, Conrad M. Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:266-282. [PMID: 33495651 PMCID: PMC8142022 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2566] [Impact Index Per Article: 855.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research field of ferroptosis has seen exponential growth over the past few years, since the term was coined in 2012. This unique modality of cell death, driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including redox homeostasis, iron handling, mitochondrial activity and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and sugars, in addition to various signalling pathways relevant to disease. Numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. Intriguingly, therapy-resistant cancer cells, particularly those in the mesenchymal state and prone to metastasis, are exquisitely vulnerable to ferroptosis. As such, pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis, via both its induction and its inhibition, holds great potential for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers, ischaemic organ injuries and other degenerative diseases linked to extensive lipid peroxidation. In this Review, we provide a critical analysis of the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis, the potential physiological functions of ferroptosis in tumour suppression and immune surveillance, and its pathological roles, together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. Importantly, as in all rapidly evolving research areas, challenges exist due to misconceptions and inappropriate experimental methods. This Review also aims to address these issues and to provide practical guidelines for enhancing reproducibility and reliability in studies of ferroptosis. Finally, we discuss important concepts and pressing questions that should be the focus of future ferroptosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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31
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Raffa M, Bel Hadj Youssef I, Ben Othman L, Fendri C, Mechri A. [Plasmatic glutathione levels and their relationships with clinical and therapeutic features in patients with schizophrenia]. Encephale 2020; 47:10-14. [PMID: 33358006 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered glutathione systems (GSH) are suggested to participate in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasmatic glutathione levels of patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and to examine their relationships with clinical and therapeutic features. METHODS It was a case-control study carried out on 100 patients with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV-TR criteria and 95 healthy controls. All patients were assessed by Clinical Global Impressions-severity (CGI-severity) and Global Assessment of Functioning (EGF). Most of the patients (55%) were under first-generation antipsychotics. Plasmatic glutathione levels (total glutathione GSHt, reduced glutathione GSHr, oxidized glutathione GSSG) were determined by spectrophotometry. RESULTS The levels of GSHt and GSHr were significantly decreased in schizophrenic patients in comparison with the healthy controls. These reductions were noted to be more pronounced in the untreated patients. No correlation was observed between the GSH levels and the clinical subtypes of schizophrenia and EGF scores. Depending on the therapeutic status, there were no significant differences in the GSH levels. In addition, there was no correlation between the GSH levels and the daily dosage of the antipsychotic treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the observed changes are related to the physiopathology of schizophrenia rather than to the presence of neuroleptic treatment. These results provide support for further studies of the possible role of antioxidants as neuroprotective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raffa
- Laboratoire de recherche « Éléments trace, radicaux libres, antioxydants et pathologies humaines et environnement », département de biophysique, faculté de médecine de Monastir, rue Ibn Sina, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie.
| | - I Bel Hadj Youssef
- Laboratoire de recherche « Vulnérabilité aux psychoses », service de psychiatrie, hôpital universitaire de Monastir, rue 1(er) Juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - L Ben Othman
- Laboratoire de recherche « Éléments trace, radicaux libres, antioxydants et pathologies humaines et environnement », département de biophysique, faculté de médecine de Monastir, rue Ibn Sina, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - C Fendri
- Laboratoire de recherche « Vulnérabilité aux psychoses », service de psychiatrie, hôpital universitaire de Monastir, rue 1(er) Juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - A Mechri
- Laboratoire de recherche « Vulnérabilité aux psychoses », service de psychiatrie, hôpital universitaire de Monastir, rue 1(er) Juin, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
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32
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Zheng J, Conrad M. The Metabolic Underpinnings of Ferroptosis. Cell Metab 2020; 32:920-937. [PMID: 33217331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute or chronic cellular stress resulting from aberrant metabolic and biochemical processes may trigger a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death, generally known as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is unique among the different cell death modalities, as it has been mostly linked to pathophysiological conditions and because several metabolic pathways, such as (seleno)thiol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, iron handling, mevalonate pathway, and mitochondrial respiration, directly impinge on the cells' sensitivity toward lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Additionally, key cellular redox systems, such as selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 and the NAD(P)H/ferroptosis suppressor protein-1/ubiquinone axis, are at play that constantly surveil and neutralize oxidative damage to cellular membranes. Since this form of cell death emerges to be the root cause of a number of diseases and since it offers various pharmacologically tractable nodes for therapeutic intervention, there has been overwhelming interest in the last few years aiming for a better molecular understanding of the ferroptotic death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zheng
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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Ursini F, Maiorino M. Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis: The role of GSH and GPx4. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:175-185. [PMID: 32165281 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis (FPT) is a form of cell death due to missed control of membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO). According to the axiomatic definition of non-accidental cell death, LPO takes place in a scenario of altered homeostasis. FPT, differently from apoptosis, occurs in the absence of any known specific genetically encoded death pathway or specific agonist, and thus must be rated as a regulated, although not "programmed", death pathway. It follows that LPO is under a homeostatic metabolic control and is only permitted when indispensable constraints are satisfied and the antiperoxidant machinery collapses. The activity of the selenoperoxidase Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is the cornerstone of the antiperoxidant defence. Converging evidence on both mechanism of LPO and GPx4 enzymology indicates that LPO is initiated by alkoxyl radicals produced by ferrous iron from the hydroperoxide derivatives of lipids (LOOH), traces of which are the unavoidable drawback of aerobic metabolism. FPT takes place when a threshold has been exceeded. This occurs when the major conditions are satisfied: i) oxygen metabolism leading to the continuous formation of traces of LOOH from phospholipid-containing polyunsaturated fatty acids; ii) missed enzymatic reduction of LOOH; iii) availability of ferrous iron from the labile iron pool. Although the effectors impacting on homeostasis and leading to FPT in physiological conditions are not known, from the available knowledge on LPO and GPx4 enzymology we propose that it is aerobic life itself that, while supporting bioenergetics, is also a critical requisite of FPT. Yet, when the homeostatic control of the steady state between LOOH formation and reduction is lost, LPO is activated and FPT is executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
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Bebber CM, Müller F, Prieto Clemente L, Weber J, von Karstedt S. Ferroptosis in Cancer Cell Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E164. [PMID: 31936571 PMCID: PMC7016816 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of cancer is successful evasion of regulated forms of cell death. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered type of regulated necrosis which, unlike apoptosis or necroptosis, is independent of caspase activity and receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1) kinase activity. Instead, ferroptotic cells die following iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, a process which is antagonised by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). Importantly, tumour cells escaping other forms of cell death have been suggested to maintain or acquire sensitivity to ferroptosis. Therefore, therapeutic exploitation of ferroptosis in cancer has received increasing attention. Here, we systematically review current literature on ferroptosis signalling, cross-signalling to cellular metabolism in cancer and a potential role for ferroptosis in tumour suppression and tumour immunology. By summarising current findings on cell biology relevant to ferroptosis in cancer, we aim to point out new conceptual avenues for utilising ferroptosis in systemic treatment approaches for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Bebber
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Weyertal 155b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.M.B.); (F.M.); (L.P.C.); (J.W.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabienne Müller
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Weyertal 155b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.M.B.); (F.M.); (L.P.C.); (J.W.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Prieto Clemente
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Weyertal 155b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.M.B.); (F.M.); (L.P.C.); (J.W.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Josephine Weber
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Weyertal 155b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.M.B.); (F.M.); (L.P.C.); (J.W.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Weyertal 155b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.M.B.); (F.M.); (L.P.C.); (J.W.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Mokhtari S, Mahdavi AH, Hajian M, Kowsar R, Varnosfaderani SR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. The attenuation of the toxic effects of LPS on mouse pre-implantation development by alpha-lipoic acid. Theriogenology 2019; 143:139-147. [PMID: 31874366 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on quantitative and qualitative indices of mouse embryos challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Having determined the effective concentrations of LPS (1 mg/mL) that could reduce blastocyst formation rate by around 50% and the optimal concentration of ALA (10 μM) that could attenuate the toxic effects of LPS on blastocyst formation, the following indices were defined: inner cell mass and trophectoderm cell numbers, blastocyst mitochondrial distribution, ROS and GSH levels, as well as the relative expression of Tlr-4. Nrf-2 and Tnf-RI/P-60 receptor involved in inflammatory pathways. Finally, embryos derived from the experimental and control groups were transferred to synchronized recipients and their implantation rate and post-implantation capacity were determined. Treatment with LPS resulted in an increase in intracellular ROS level (P ≤ 0.05), and remarkable decreases (P ≤ 0.05) in intracellular GSH content, mitochondrial mass, and blastocyst quality. ALA attenuated all the aforementioned negative effects of LPS. The relative expression levels of Nrf-2 and Tnf-RI/P-60 receptor (P ≤ 0.05) significantly increased in response to LPS, and treatment with ALA significantly reduced the relative expression of Tnf-RI/P-60. ALA also improved the post-implantation developmental capacity of embryos treated with LPS. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the reproductive toxicity of LPS could be overcome by ALA treatment. These effects were mainly due to the improvements made in intracellular antioxidant capacity as well as suppression of some inflammatory elements, especially the main receptor of TNF-α, the Tnf-RI/P-60, involved in induction of apoptosis. These observations have important implications for dairy farming and treatment of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Mokhtari
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Kowsar
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Shiva Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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The glutathione degrading enzyme, Chac1, is required for calcium signaling in developing zebrafish: redox as an upstream activator of calcium. Biochem J 2019; 476:1857-1873. [PMID: 31189567 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is essential for embryonic development but the signals upstream of calcium are only partially understood. Here, we investigate the role of the intracellular glutathione redox potential in calcium signaling using the Chac1 protein of zebrafish. A member of the γ-glutamylcyclotransferase family of enzymes, the zebrafish Chac1 is a glutathione-degrading enzyme that acts only on reduced glutathione. The zebrafish chac1 expression was seen early in development, and in the latter stages, in the developing muscles, brain and heart. The chac1 knockdown was embryonic lethal, and the developmental defects were seen primarily in the myotome, brain and heart where chac1 was maximally expressed. The phenotypes could be rescued by the WT Chac1 but not by the catalytically inactive Chac1 that was incapable of degrading glutathione. The ability of chac1 to alter the intracellular glutathione redox potential in the live animals was examined using Grx1-roGFP2. The chac1 morphants lacked the increased degree of cellular oxidation seen in the WT zebrafish. As calcium is also known to be critical for the developing myotomes, brain and heart, we further investigated if the chac1 knockdown phenotypes were a consequence of the lack of calcium signals. We observed using GCaMP6s, that calcium transients normally seen in the developing embryos were strongly attenuated in these knockdowns. The study thus identifies Chac1 and the consequent change in intracellular glutathione redox potential as important upstream activators of calcium signaling during development.
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Rastogi A, Clark CW, Conlin SM, Brown SE, Timme-Laragy AR. Mapping glutathione utilization in the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101235. [PMID: 31202080 PMCID: PMC6581987 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant vertebrate endogenous redox buffer, plays key roles in organogenesis and embryonic development, however, organ-specific GSH utilization during development remains understudied. Monochlorobimane (MCB), a dye conjugated with GSH by glutathione-s-transferase (GST) to form a fluorescent adduct, was used to visualize organ-specific GSH utilization in live developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Embryos were incubated in 20 μM MCB for 1 h and imaged on an epifluorescence microscope. GSH conjugation with MCB was high during early organogenesis, decreasing as embryos aged. The heart had fluorescence 21-fold above autofluorescence at 24 hpf, dropping to 8.5-fold by 48 hpf; this increased again by 72 hpf to 23.5-fold, and stayed high till 96 hpf (18-fold). The brain had lower fluorescence (10-fold) at 24 and 48 hpf, steadily increasing to 30-fold by 96 hpf. The sensitivity and specificity of MCB staining was then tested with known GSH modulators. A 10-min treatment at 48 hpf with 750 μM tert-butylhydroperoxide, caused organ-specific reductions in staining, with the heart losing 30% fluorescence, and, the brain ventricle losing 47% fluorescence. A 24 h treatment from 24-48 hpf with 100 μM of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) resulted in significantly increased fluorescence, with the brain ventricle and heart showing 312% and 240% increases respectively, these were abolished upon co-treatment with 5 μM BSO, an inhibitor of the enzyme that utilizes NAC to synthesize GSH. A 60 min 100 μM treatment with ethacrynic acid, a specific GST inhibitor, caused 30% reduction in fluorescence across all measured structures. MCB staining was then applied to test for GSH disruptions caused by the toxicants perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and mono-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate; MCB fluorescence responded in a dose, structure and age-dependent manner. MCB staining is a robust, sensitive method to detect spatiotemporal changes in GSH utilization, and, can be applied to identify sensitive target tissues of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Rastogi
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Christopher W Clark
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sarah M Conlin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Sarah E Brown
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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38
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Marshall S, Chen Y, Singh S, Berrios-Carcamo P, Heit C, Apostolopoulos N, Golla JP, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Engineered Animal Models Designed for Investigating Ethanol Metabolism, Toxicity and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1032:203-221. [PMID: 30362100 PMCID: PMC6743736 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of alcohol is a leading cause of lifestyle-induced morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although long-term alcohol abuse has been shown to be detrimental to the liver, brain and many other organs, our understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms by which this occurs is still limited. In tissues, ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde (mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome p450 2E1) and subsequently to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Intracellular generation of free radicals and depletion of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) are believed to be key steps involved in the cellular pathogenic events caused by ethanol. With continued excessive alcohol consumption, further tissue damage can result from the production of cellular protein and DNA adducts caused by accumulating ethanol-derived aldehydes. Much of our understanding about the pathophysiological consequences of ethanol metabolism comes from genetically-engineered mouse models of ethanol-induced tissue injury. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of important mouse models in which ethanol-metabolizing and GSH-synthesizing enzymes have been manipulated to investigate alcohol-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Marshall
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pablo Berrios-Carcamo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claire Heit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Apostolopoulos
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Harris IS, Endress JE, Coloff JL, Selfors LM, McBrayer SK, Rosenbluth JM, Takahashi N, Dhakal S, Koduri V, Oser MG, Schauer NJ, Doherty LM, Hong AL, Kang YP, Younger ST, Doench JG, Hahn WC, Buhrlage SJ, DeNicola GM, Kaelin WG, Brugge JS. Deubiquitinases Maintain Protein Homeostasis and Survival of Cancer Cells upon Glutathione Depletion. Cell Metab 2019; 29:1166-1181.e6. [PMID: 30799286 PMCID: PMC6506399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells are subjected to oxidative stress during the initiation and progression of tumors, and this imposes selective pressure for cancer cells to adapt mechanisms to tolerate these conditions. Here, we examined the dependency of cancer cells on glutathione (GSH), the most abundant cellular antioxidant. While cancer cell lines displayed a broad range of sensitivities to inhibition of GSH synthesis, the majority were resistant to GSH depletion. To identify cellular pathways required for this resistance, we carried out genetic and pharmacologic screens. Both approaches revealed that inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) sensitizes cancer cells to GSH depletion. Inhibition of GSH synthesis, in combination with DUB inhibition, led to an accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins, induction of proteotoxic stress, and cell death. These results indicate that depletion of GSH renders cancer cells dependent on DUB activity to maintain protein homeostasis and cell viability and reveal a potentially exploitable vulnerability for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Harris
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer E Endress
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan L Coloff
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer M Rosenbluth
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew L Hong
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott T Younger
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Joan S Brugge
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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40
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Wang C, Zheng W, Yao D, Chen Q, Zhu L, Zhang J, Pan Y, Zhang J, Shao C. Upregulation of DNA Metabolism-Related Genes Contributes to Radioresistance of Glioblastoma. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2019; 30:74-87. [PMID: 30746964 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2018.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most prevalent brain tumor and exhibit poor prognosis. Radiotherapy is an important strategy for GBMs patients; however, this care remains palliative because of GBMs' radioresistance. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), as a subpopulation residing at the apex of the hierarchy, have been believed to be a pivotal population in radioresistance and recurrence of GBMs. To know the key genes involved in radioresistance of GSCs, the gene expression profiles of GSE54660 and GSE60921 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus for genetic and transcriptomic analysis to identify the potential biomarker genes differentially expressed between GSCs and GBMs. These candidate genes were then filtered by the GSCs gene profile responding to radiation and the radioresistant biomarker genes including DNAJC9, GINS2, STAT1, CHAC2, MT1M, and ZNF226 were screened. The differentially expressed genes in GSCs post-irradiation were submitted to Gene Ontology (GO) for further enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. A significant module correlated with GINS2 was finally chosen and a series of genes participating in DNA metabolism were identified. In conclusion, this study propounds a set of novel genes that are differentially expressed in the radioresistant subpopulation within GBMs and could serve as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zheng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that requires phospholipid peroxidation and has attracted increased attention, both as a means to eradicate tumors resistant to standard chemotherapy and for its potential contribution to tissue damage such as in ischemia/reperfusion. The center stage taken by phospholipid peroxidation in ferroptosis is highlighted by recent discoveries that demonstrate an intricate regulation of both the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as mechanisms leading to their oxidation. These metabolic steps converge at the point of ferroptosis execution through mechanisms that are now only starting to be understood. In this short review, we provide an appraisal of some of the recent advances in the understanding of the ferroptosis process and also provide some perspectives of where this knowledge could take us.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo 05508-000 , Brazil
| | - Almut Schulze
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter , University of Würzburg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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42
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Ma B, Wang S, Liu F, Zhang S, Duan J, Li Z, Kong Y, Sang Y, Liu H, Bu W, Li L. Self-Assembled Copper–Amino Acid Nanoparticles for in Situ Glutathione “AND” H2O2 Sequentially Triggered Chemodynamic Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:849-857. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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43
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Rampon C, Volovitch M, Joliot A, Vriz S. Hydrogen Peroxide and Redox Regulation of Developments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E159. [PMID: 30404180 PMCID: PMC6262372 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were originally classified as exclusively deleterious compounds, have gained increasing interest in the recent years given their action as bona fide signalling molecules. The main target of ROS action is the reversible oxidation of cysteines, leading to the formation of disulfide bonds, which modulate protein conformation and activity. ROS, endowed with signalling properties, are mainly produced by NADPH oxidases (NOXs) at the plasma membrane, but their action also involves a complex machinery of multiple redox-sensitive protein families that differ in their subcellular localization and their activity. Given that the levels and distribution of ROS are highly dynamic, in part due to their limited stability, the development of various fluorescent ROS sensors, some of which are quantitative (ratiometric), represents a clear breakthrough in the field and have been adapted to both ex vivo and in vivo applications. The physiological implication of ROS signalling will be presented mainly in the frame of morphogenetic processes, embryogenesis, regeneration, and stem cell differentiation. Gain and loss of function, as well as pharmacological strategies, have demonstrated the wide but specific requirement of ROS signalling at multiple stages of these processes and its intricate relationship with other well-known signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rampon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, Biology Department, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France.
| | - Michel Volovitch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris, France.
- École Normale Supérieure, Department of Biology, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Alain Joliot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, Biology Department, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France.
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44
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Kamunde C, Sharaf M, MacDonald N. H 2O 2 metabolism in liver and heart mitochondria: Low emitting-high scavenging and high emitting-low scavenging systems. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:135-148. [PMID: 29802890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although mitochondria are presumed to emit and consume reactive oxygen species (ROS), the quantitative interplay between the two processes in ROS regulation is not well understood. Here, we probed the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in H2O2 metabolism using rainbow trout liver and heart mitochondria. Both liver and heart mitochondria emitted H2O2 at rates that depended on their metabolic state, with the emission rates (free radical leak) constituting 0.8-2.9% and 0.2-2.5% of the respiration rate in liver and heart mitochondria, respectively. When presented with exogenous H2O2, liver and heart mitochondria consumed it by first order reactions with half-lives (s) of 117 and 210, and rate constants of 5.96 and 3.37 (× 10-3 s-1), respectively. The mitochondrial bioenergetic status greatly affected the rate of H2O2 consumption in heart but not liver mitochondria. Moreover, the activities and contribution of H2O2 scavenging systems varied between liver and heart mitochondria. The significance of the scavenging systems ranked by the magnitude (%) of inhibition of H2O2 removal after correcting for emission were, liver (un-energized and energized): catalase > glutathione (GSH) ≥ thioredoxin reductase (TrxR); un-energized heart mitochondria: catalase > TrxR > GSH and energized heart mitochondria: GSH > TrxR > catalase. Notably, depletion of GSH evoked a massive surge in H2O2 emission that grossly masked the contribution of this pathway to H2O2 scavenging in heart mitochondria. Irrespective of the organ of their origin, mitochondria behaved as H2O2 regulators that emitted or consumed it depending on the ambient H2O2 concentration, mitochondrial bioenergetic state and activity of the scavenging enzyme systems. Indeed, manipulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and H2O2 scavenging systems caused mitochondria to switch from being net consumers to net emitters of H2O2. Overall, our data suggest that the low levels of H2O2 typically present in cells would favor emission of this metabolite but the scavenging systems would prevent its accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3.
| | - Mahmoud Sharaf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Nicole MacDonald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
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45
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Fernandez-Fernandez S, Bobo-Jimenez V, Requejo-Aguilar R, Gonzalez-Fernandez S, Resch M, Carabias-Carrasco M, Ros J, Almeida A, Bolaños JP. Hippocampal neurons require a large pool of glutathione to sustain dendrite integrity and cognitive function. Redox Biol 2018; 19:52-61. [PMID: 30107295 PMCID: PMC6092450 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of brain glutathione has been associated with cognitive decline and neuronal death during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether decreased glutathione precedes or follows neuronal dysfunction has not been unambiguously elucidated. Previous attempts to address this issue were approached by fully eliminating glutathione, a strategy causing abrupt lethality or premature neuronal death that led to multiple interpretations. To overcome this drawback, here we aimed to moderately decrease glutathione content by genetically knocking down the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis in mouse neurons in vivo. Biochemical and morphological analyses of the brain revealed a modest glutathione decrease and redox stress throughout the hippocampus, although neuronal dendrite disruption and glial activation was confined to the hippocampal CA1 layer. Furthermore, the behavioral characterization exhibited signs consistent with cognitive impairment. These results indicate that the hippocampal neurons require a large pool of glutathione to sustain dendrite integrity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica Bobo-Jimenez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Requejo-Aguilar
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Córdoba Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Monica Resch
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Ros
- Departamento de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain; CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos, III, Madrid, Spain.
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46
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Timme-Laragy AR, Hahn ME, Hansen JM, Rastogi A, Roy MA. Redox stress and signaling during vertebrate embryonic development: Regulation and responses. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 80:17-28. [PMID: 28927759 PMCID: PMC5650060 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate embryonic development requires specific signaling events that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation to occur at the correct place and the correct time in order to build a healthy embryo. Signaling pathways are sensitive to perturbations of the endogenous redox state, and are also susceptible to modulation by reactive species and antioxidant defenses, contributing to a spectrum of passive vs. active effects that can affect redox signaling and redox stress. Here we take a multi-level, integrative approach to discuss the importance of redox status for vertebrate developmental signaling pathways and cell fate decisions, with a focus on glutathione/glutathione disulfide, thioredoxin, and cysteine/cystine redox potentials and the implications for protein function in development. We present a tissue-specific example of the important role that reactive species play in pancreatic development and metabolic regulation. We discuss NFE2L2 (also known as NRF2) and related proteins, their roles in redox signaling, and their regulation of glutathione during development. Finally, we provide examples of xenobiotic compounds that disrupt redox signaling in the context of vertebrate embryonic development. Collectively, this review provides a systems-level perspective on the innate and inducible antioxidant defenses, as well as their roles in maintaining redox balance during chemical exposures that occur in critical windows of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Archit Rastogi
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Monika A Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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47
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Maiorino M, Conrad M, Ursini F. GPx4, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cell Death: Discoveries, Rediscoveries, and Open Issues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:61-74. [PMID: 28462584 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation is a complex oxidative process where phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) are produced in membranes and finally transformed into a series of decomposition products, some of which are endowed with biological activity. It is specifically prevented by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), the selenoenzyme that reduces PLOOH by glutathione (GSH). PLOOH is both a product and the major initiator of peroxidative chain reactions, as well as an activator of lipoxygenases. α-Tocopherol both specifically breaks peroxidative chain propagation and inhibits lipoxygenases. Thus, GPx4, GSH, and α-tocopherol are integrated in a concerted anti-peroxidant mechanism. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis has been recently identified as a cell death subroutine that is specifically activated by missing GPx4 activity and inhibited by iron chelation or α-tocopherol supplementation. Ferroptosis induction may underlie spontaneous human diseases, such as major neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, causing an excessive cell death. The basic mechanism of ferroptosis, therefore, fits the features of activation of lipid peroxidation. CRITICAL ISSUES Still lacking are convincing proofs that lipoxygenases are involved in ferroptosis. Also, unknown are the molecules eventually killing cells and the mechanisms underlying the drop of the cellular anti-peroxidant capacity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Molecular events and mechanisms of ferroptosis to be unraveled and validated on animal models are GPx4 inactivation, role of GSH concentration, increased iron availability, and membrane structure and composition. This is expected to drive drug discovery that is aimed at halting cell death in degenerative diseases or boosting it in cancer cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 61-74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Maiorino
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Marcus Conrad
- 2 Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
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48
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Zepeta-Flores N, Valverde M, Lopez-Saavedra A, Rojas E. Glutathione depletion triggers actin cytoskeleton changes via actin-binding proteins. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:475-487. [PMID: 29870570 PMCID: PMC6082235 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of glutathione (GSH) in alternative cellular roles to the
canonically proposed, were analyzed in a model unable to synthesize GSH. Gene
expression analysis shows that the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway
is strongly impacted by the absence of GSH. To test this hypothesis, we evaluate
the effect of GSH depletion via buthionine sulfoximine (5 and 12.5 mM) in human
neuroblastoma MSN cells. In the present study, 70% of GSH reduction did not
induce reactive oxygen species, lipoperoxidation, or cytotoxicity, which enabled
us to evaluate the effect of glutathione in the absence of oxidative stress. The
cells with decreasing GSH levels acquired morphology changes that depended on
the actin cytoskeleton and not on tubulin. We evaluated the expression of three
actin-binding proteins: thymosin β4, profilin and gelsolin, showing a reduced
expression, both at gene and protein levels at 24 hours of treatment; however,
this suppression disappears after 48 hours of treatment. These changes were
sufficient to trigger the co-localization of the three proteins towards
cytoplasmic projections. Our data confirm that a decrease in GSH in the absence
of oxidative stress can transiently inhibit the actin binding proteins and that
this stimulus is sufficient to induce changes in cellular morphology via the
actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Zepeta-Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Saavedra
- Unidad Biomédica de Investigación en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México. D.F., Mexico
| | - Emilio Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
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49
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Ždralević M, Vučetić M, Daher B, Marchiq I, Parks SK, Pouysségur J. Disrupting the 'Warburg effect' re-routes cancer cells to OXPHOS offering a vulnerability point via 'ferroptosis'-induced cell death. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 68:55-63. [PMID: 29306548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of life from extreme hypoxic environments to an oxygen-rich atmosphere has progressively selected for successful metabolic, enzymatic and bioenergetic networks through which a myriad of organisms survive the most extreme environmental conditions. From the two lethal environments anoxia/high O2, cells have developed survival strategies through expression of the transcriptional factors ATF4, HIF1 and NRF2. Cancer cells largely exploit these factors to thrive and resist therapies. In this review, we report and discuss the potential therapeutic benefit of disrupting the major Myc/Hypoxia-induced metabolic pathway, also known as fermentative glycolysis or "Warburg effect", in aggressive cancer cell lines. With three examples of genetic disruption of this pathway: glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), lactate dehydrogenases (LDHA and B) and lactic acid transporters (MCT1, MCT4), we illuminate how cancer cells exploit metabolic plasticity to survive the metabolic and energetic blockade or arrest their growth. In this context of NRF2 contribution to OXPHOS re-activation we will show and discuss how, by disruption of the cystine transporter xCT (SLC7A11), we can exploit the acute lethal phospholipid peroxidation pathway to induce cancer cell death by 'ferroptosis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Ždralević
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France
| | - Milica Vučetić
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Boutaina Daher
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Ibtissam Marchiq
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France
| | - Scott K Parks
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, 33 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France; Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco.
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50
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Bachhawat AK, Yadav S. The glutathione cycle: Glutathione metabolism beyond the γ-glutamyl cycle. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:585-592. [PMID: 29667297 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione was discovered in 1888, over 125 years ago. Since then, our understanding of various functions and metabolism of this important molecule has grown over these years. But it is only now, in the last decade, that a somewhat complete picture of its metabolism has emerged. Glutathione metabolism has till now been largely depicted and understood by the γ-glutamyl cycle that was proposed in 1970. However, new findings and knowledge particularly on the transport and degradation of glutathione have revealed that many aspects of the γ-glutamyl cycle are incorrect. Despite this, an integrated critical analysis of the cycle has never been undertaken and this has led to the cycle and its errors perpetuating in the literature. This review takes a careful look at the γ-glutamyl cycle and its shortcomings and presents a "glutathione cycle" that captures the current understanding of glutathione metabolism. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(7):585-592, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Bachhawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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