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Bergman RN, Kabir M, Ader M. The Physiology of Insulin Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1826. [PMID: 35163746 PMCID: PMC8836929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 1950's, Dr. I. Arthur Mirsky first recognized the possible importance of insulin degradation changes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. While this mechanism was ignored for decades, insulin degradation is now being recognized as a possible factor in diabetes risk. After Mirsky, the relative importance of defects in insulin release and insulin resistance were recognized as risk factors. The hyperbolic relationship between secretion and sensitivity was introduced, as was the relationship between them, as expressed as the disposition index (DI). The DI was shown to be affected by environmental and genetic factors, and it was shown to be differentiated among ethnic groups. However, the importance of differences in insulin degradation (clearance) on the disposition index relationship remains to be clarified. Direct measure of insulin clearance revealed it to be highly variable among even normal individuals, and to be affected by fat feeding and other physiologic factors. Insulin clearance is relatively lower in ethnic groups at high risk for diabetes such as African Americans and Hispanic Americans, compared to European Americans. These differences exist even for young children. Two possible mechanisms have been proposed for the importance of insulin clearance for diabetes risk: in one concept, insulin resistance per se leads to reduced clearance and diabetes risk. In a second and new concept, reduced degradation is a primary factor leading to diabetes risk, such that lower clearance (resulting from genetics or environment) leads to systemic hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and beta-cell stress. Recent data by Chang and colleagues appear to support this latter hypothesis in Native Americans. The importance of insulin clearance as a risk factor for metabolic disease is becoming recognized and may be treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.)
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Liao Z, Zhang C, Ding L, Moyers JS, Tang JX, Beals JM. Comprehensive insulin receptor phosphorylation dynamics profiled by mass spectrometry. FEBS J 2021; 289:2657-2671. [PMID: 34826178 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation is critical for the assessment of the extent of IR agonism and nuances in the downstream signaling cascade. A thorough identification and monitoring of the phosphorylation events is important for understanding the process of insulin signaling transduction and regulation. Although IR phosphorylation has been studied extensively in the past decades, only a handful of phosphorylation sites can be identified by either traditional antibody-based assays or recent large-scale mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics approaches. In the present study, the most exhaustive assessment of the IR phosphorylation was conducted using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in which 13 IR phosphorylation sites and 22 combinations thereof were analyzed. The kinetic analysis included Y965, Y972, S968/969, and S974/976 in the juxtamembrane region; Y1158, Y1162, and Y1163 in the kinase domain; and Y1328, Y1334, S1278, S1320, S1321, and T1348 in the C-terminal region. Employing two different receptor agonists (i.e. insulin and an IR peptide agonist), the data revealed contrasting phosphorylation kinetics across these sites with dynamics far more diverse than expected for known IR agonists. Notably, cell trafficking experiments revealed that the IR peptide agonist was incapable of inducing IR to the early endosome, which is probably linked to a difference in IR phosphorylation. The present study provides a powerful tool for investigating IR signaling and trafficking that will benefit the design of IR agonists with improved therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Liao
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liyun Ding
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julie S Moyers
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason X Tang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John M Beals
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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The Role of Hepatic Fat Accumulation in Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis-Dysregulation by the Liver. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030390. [PMID: 33498493 PMCID: PMC7864173 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are important pathogenic factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. In this narrative review, we summarize the effects of hepatic TG accumulation on hepatic glucose and insulin metabolism and the underlying molecular regulation in order to highlight the importance of hepatic TG accumulation for whole-body glucose metabolism. We find that liver fat accumulation is closely linked to impaired insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production and reduced hepatic insulin clearance. The resulting systemic hyperinsulinemia has a major impact on whole-body glucose metabolism and may be an important pathogenic step in the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Wu Y, Yang Z, Zhu L, Su Q, Qin L. Association of circulating CEACAM1 levels and insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:66. [PMID: 32414367 PMCID: PMC7227292 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of circulating carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate the relationships between CEACAM1 and GDM. METHODS Circulating CEACAM1 levels were measured by ELISA kit in 70 women with GDM and 70 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) pregnant women. Blood samples were collected to detect fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in all participants. Insulin sensitivity index (ISOGTT) was calculated to assess insulin sensitivity. Correlation analysis was performed between serum CEACAM1 levels and other parameters. RESULTS Circulating CEACAM1 levels were higher in the GDM group than that in the NGT pregnant group, however, the difference showed no statistical significance (1889.82 ± 616.14 vs 1758.92 ± 433.15 pg/ml, p > 0.05). In GDM group, CEACAM1 was positively correlated with ISOGTT (R = 0.39, P = 0.001), while negatively with 1 h post-meal plasma insulin level (1hPINS) (R = -0.32, P = 0.008), 2 h post-meal plasma insulin level (2hPINS) (R = -0.33, P = 0.006) and area under curve of insulin (AUCI) (R = -0.36, P = 0.002) when adjusting for maternal age and gestational age. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that circulating CEACAM1 levels did not differ in both GDM and NGT groups. However, we found a significant positively correlation between CEACAM1 and insulin sensitivity in the GDM group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kim WM, Huang YH, Gandhi A, Blumberg RS. CEACAM1 structure and function in immunity and its therapeutic implications. Semin Immunol 2020; 42:101296. [PMID: 31604530 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The type I membrane protein receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) distinctively exhibits significant alternative splicing that allows for tunable functions upon homophilic binding. CEACAM1 is highly expressed in the tumor environment and is strictly regulated on lymphocytes such that its expression is restricted to activated cells where it is now recognized to function in tolerance pathways. CEACAM1 is also an important target for microbes which have co-opted these attributes of CEACAM1 for the purposes of invading the host and evading the immune system. These properties, among others, have focused attention on CEACAM1 as a unique target for immunotherapy in autoimmunity and cancer. This review examines recent structural information derived from the characterization of CEACAM1:CEACAM1 interactions and heterophilic modes of binding especially to microbes and how this relates to CEACAM1 function. Through this, we aim to provide insights into targeting CEACAM1 for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter M Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amit Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Carcinoembryonic Cell Adhesion-Related Molecule 2 Regulates Insulin Secretion and Energy Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133231. [PMID: 31266142 PMCID: PMC6651791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule (CEACAM) family of proteins plays a significant role in regulating peripheral insulin action by participating in the regulation of insulin metabolism and energy balance. In light of their differential expression, CEACAM1 regulates chiefly insulin extraction, whereas CEACAM2 appears to play a more important role in regulating insulin secretion and overall energy balance, including food intake, energy expenditure and spontaneous physical activity. We will focus this review on the role of CEACAM2 in regulating insulin metabolism and energy balance with an overarching goal to emphasize the importance of the coordinated regulatory effect of these related plasma membrane glycoproteins on insulin metabolism and action.
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Najjar SM, Perdomo G. Hepatic Insulin Clearance: Mechanism and Physiology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:198-215. [PMID: 30968756 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00048.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon its secretion from pancreatic β-cells, insulin reaches the liver through the portal circulation to exert its action and eventually undergo clearance in the hepatocytes. In addition to insulin secretion, hepatic insulin clearance regulates the homeostatic level of insulin that is required to reach peripheral insulin target tissues to elicit proper insulin action. Receptor-mediated insulin uptake followed by its degradation constitutes the basic mechanism of insulin clearance. Upon its phosphorylation by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) takes part in the insulin-insulin receptor complex to increase the rate of its endocytosis and targeting to the degradation pathways. This review summarizes how this process is regulated and how it is associated with insulin-degrading enzyme in the liver. It also discusses the physiological implications of impaired hepatic insulin clearance: Whereas reduced insulin clearance cooperates with increased insulin secretion to compensate for insulin resistance, it can also cause hepatic insulin resistance. Because chronic hyperinsulinemia stimulates hepatic de novo lipogenesis, impaired insulin clearance also causes hepatic steatosis. Thus impaired insulin clearance can underlie the link between hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Delineating these regulatory pathways should lead to building more effective therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio.,Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos , Burgos , Spain
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Bojsen-Møller KN, Lundsgaard AM, Madsbad S, Kiens B, Holst JJ. Hepatic Insulin Clearance in Regulation of Systemic Insulin Concentrations-Role of Carbohydrate and Energy Availability. Diabetes 2018; 67:2129-2136. [PMID: 30348819 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is the hallmark of insulin resistance in obesity, and the relative importance of insulin clearance, insulin resistance, and insulin hypersecretion has been widely debated. On the basis of recent experimental evidence, we summarize existing evidence to suggest hepatic insulin clearance as a major and immediate regulator of systemic insulin concentrations responding within days to altered dietary energy and, in particular, carbohydrate intake. Hepatic insulin clearance seems to be closely associated with opposite alterations in hepatic lipid content and glucose production, providing a potential mechanistic link to hepatic insulin sensitivity. The molecular regulation of insulin clearance in the liver is likely to involve changes in insulin binding and receptor internalization in response to the dietary alterations, the molecular mechanisms of which await further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine N Bojsen-Møller
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dankner M, Gray-Owen SD, Huang YH, Blumberg RS, Beauchemin N. CEACAM1 as a multi-purpose target for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1328336. [PMID: 28811966 PMCID: PMC5543821 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1328336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1 is an extensively studied cell surface molecule with established functions in multiple cancer types, as well as in various compartments of the immune system. Due to its multi-faceted role as a recently appreciated immune checkpoint inhibitor and tumor marker, CEACAM1 is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we highlight CEACAM1's function in various immune compartments and cancer types, including in the context of metastatic disease. This review outlines CEACAM1's role as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment in light of these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dankner
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Hwa Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Heinrich G, Muturi HT, Rezaei K, Al-Share QY, DeAngelis AM, Bowman TA, Ghadieh HE, Ghanem SS, Zhang D, Garofalo RS, Yin L, Najjar SM. Reduced Hepatic Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Level in Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:54. [PMID: 28396653 PMCID: PMC5366977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of insulin clearance is being increasingly recognized as a critical step in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic disease. The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) promotes insulin clearance. Null deletion or liver-specific inactivation of Ceacam1 in mice causes a defect in insulin clearance, insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and visceral obesity. Immunohistological analysis revealed reduction of hepatic CEACAM1 in obese subjects with fatty liver disease. Thus, we aimed to determine whether this occurs at the hepatocyte level in response to systemic extrahepatic factors and whether this holds across species. Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrate that CEACAM1 mRNA and protein levels are reduced in liver tissues of obese individuals compared to their lean age-matched counterparts. Furthermore, Western analysis reveals a comparable reduction of CEACAM1 protein in primary hepatocytes derived from the same obese subjects. Similar to humans, Ceacam1 mRNA level, assessed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis, is significantly reduced in the livers of obese Zucker (fa/fa, ZDF) and Koletsky (f/f) rats relative to their age-matched lean counterparts. These studies demonstrate that the reduction of hepatic CEACAM1 in obesity occurs at the level of hepatocytes and identify the reduction of hepatic CEACAM1 as a common denominator of obesity across multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Heinrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Harrison T. Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Khadijeh Rezaei
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Qusai Y. Al-Share
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Anthony M. DeAngelis
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A. Bowman
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Simona S. Ghanem
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sonia M. Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- *Correspondence: Sonia M. Najjar,
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Heinrich G, Ghadieh HE, Ghanem SS, Muturi HT, Rezaei K, Al-Share QY, Bowman TA, Zhang D, Garofalo RS, Yin L, Najjar SM. Loss of Hepatic CEACAM1: A Unifying Mechanism Linking Insulin Resistance to Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:8. [PMID: 28184213 PMCID: PMC5266688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear, in particular in the context of its relationship to insulin resistance and visceral obesity. Work on the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in mice has resolved some of the related questions. CEACAM1 promotes insulin clearance by enhancing the rate of uptake of the insulin-receptor complex. It also mediates a negative acute effect of insulin on fatty acid synthase activity. This positions CEACAM1 to coordinate the regulation of insulin and lipid metabolism. Fed a regular chow diet, global null mutation of Ceacam1 manifest hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and steatohepatitis. They also develop spontaneous chicken-wire fibrosis, characteristic of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Reduction of hepatic CEACAM1 expression plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of diet-induced metabolic abnormalities, as bolstered by the protective effect of hepatic CEACAM1 gain-of-function against the metabolic response to dietary fat. Together, this emphasizes that loss of hepatic CEACAM1 links NAFLD to insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Heinrich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Simona S. Ghanem
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Harrison T. Muturi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Khadijeh Rezaei
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Qusai Y. Al-Share
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A. Bowman
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (CeDER), College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sonia M. Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- *Correspondence: Sonia M. Najjar,
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Ramakrishnan SK, Russo L, Ghanem SS, Patel PR, Oyarce AM, Heinrich G, Najjar SM. Fenofibrate Decreases Insulin Clearance and Insulin Secretion to Maintain Insulin Sensitivity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23915-23924. [PMID: 27662905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High fat diet reduces the expression of CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1), a transmembrane glycoprotein that promotes insulin clearance and down-regulates fatty acid synthase activity in the liver upon its phosphorylation by the insulin receptor. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) transcriptionally suppresses CEACAM1 expression, we herein examined whether high fat down-regulates CEACAM1 expression in a PPARα-dependent mechanism. By activating PPARα, the lipid-lowering drug fenofibrate reverses dyslipidemia and improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes in part by promoting fatty acid oxidation. Despite reducing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, fenofibrate treatment does not result in insulin insufficiency. To examine whether this is mediated by a parallel decrease in CEACAM1-dependent hepatic insulin clearance pathways, we fed wild-type and Pparα-/- null mice a high fat diet supplemented with either fenofibrate or Wy14643, a selective PPARα agonist, and examined their effect on insulin metabolism and action. We demonstrated that the decrease in insulin secretion by fenofibrate and Wy14643 is accompanied by reduction in insulin clearance in wild-type but not Pparα-/- mice, thereby maintaining normoinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity despite continuous high fat intake. Intact insulin secretion in L-CC1 mice with protected hepatic insulin clearance and CEACAM1 levels provides in vivo evidence that insulin secretion responds to changes in insulin clearance to maintain physiologic insulin and glucose homeostasis. These results also emphasize the relevant role of hepatic insulin extraction in regulating insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Lucia Russo
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Simona S Ghanem
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Payal R Patel
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Ana Maria Oyarce
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614.,the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, and
| | - Garrett Heinrich
- the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, and
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, .,the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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Ramakrishnan SK, Khuder SS, Al-Share QY, Russo L, Abdallah SL, Patel PR, Heinrich G, Muturi HT, Mopidevi BR, Oyarce AM, Shah YM, Sanchez ER, Najjar SM. PPARα (Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α) Activation Reduces Hepatic CEACAM1 Protein Expression to Regulate Fatty Acid Oxidation during Fasting-refeeding Transition. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8121-9. [PMID: 26846848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is expressed at high levels in the hepatocyte, consistent with its role in promoting insulin clearance in liver. CEACAM1 also mediates a negative acute effect of insulin on fatty acid synthase activity. Western blot analysis reveals lower hepatic CEACAM1 expression during fasting. Treating of rat hepatoma FAO cells with Wy14,643, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), rapidly reduces Ceacam1 mRNA and CEACAM1 protein levels within 1 and 2 h, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay shows a decrease in the promoter activity of both rat and mouse genes by Pparα activation, and 5'-deletion and block substitution analyses reveal that the Pparα response element between nucleotides -557 and -543 is required for regulation of the mouse promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrates binding of liganded Pparα toCeacam1promoter in liver lysates ofPparα(+/+), but notPparα(-/-)mice fed a Wy14,643-supplemented chow diet. Consequently, Wy14,643 feeding reduces hepatic Ceacam1 mRNA and CEACAM1 protein levels, thus decreasing insulin clearance to compensate for compromised insulin secretion and maintain glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in wild-type mice. Together, the data show that the low hepatic CEACAM1 expression at fasting is mediated by Pparα-dependent mechanisms. Changes in CEACAM1 expression contribute to the coordination of fatty acid oxidation and insulin action in the fasting-refeeding transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Saja S Khuder
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Qusai Y Al-Share
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Lucia Russo
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Simon L Abdallah
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Payal R Patel
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Garrett Heinrich
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Harrison T Muturi
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Brahma R Mopidevi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Ana Maria Oyarce
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and
| | - Edwin R Sanchez
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701
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14
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Ghanem SS, Heinrich G, Lester SG, Pfeiffer V, Bhattacharya S, Patel PR, DeAngelis AM, Dai T, Ramakrishnan SK, Smiley ZN, Jung DY, Lee Y, Kitamura T, Ergun S, Kulkarni RN, Kim JK, Giovannucci DR, Najjar SM. Increased Glucose-induced Secretion of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Mice Lacking the Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (CEACAM2). J Biol Chem 2015; 291:980-8. [PMID: 26586918 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 2 (CEACAM2) regulates food intake as demonstrated by hyperphagia in mice with the Ceacam2 null mutation (Cc2(-/-)). This study investigated whether CEACAM2 also regulates insulin secretion. Ceacam2 deletion caused an increase in β-cell secretory function, as assessed by hyperglycemic clamp analysis, without affecting insulin response. Although CEACAM2 is expressed in pancreatic islets predominantly in non-β-cells, basal plasma levels of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin, islet areas, and glucose-induced insulin secretion in pooled Cc2(-/-) islets were all normal. Consistent with immunofluorescence analysis showing CEACAM2 expression in distal intestinal villi, Cc2(-/-) mice exhibited a higher release of oral glucose-mediated GLP-1, an incretin that potentiates insulin secretion in response to glucose. Compared with wild type, Cc2(-/-) mice also showed a higher insulin excursion during the oral glucose tolerance test. Pretreating with exendin(9-39), a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, suppressed the effect of Ceacam2 deletion on glucose-induced insulin secretion. Moreover, GLP-1 release into the medium of GLUTag enteroendocrine cells was increased with siRNA-mediated Ceacam2 down-regulation in parallel to an increase in Ca(2+) entry through L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. Thus, CEACAM2 regulates insulin secretion, at least in part, by a GLP-1-mediated mechanism, independent of confounding metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona S Ghanem
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Garrett Heinrich
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Sumona G Lester
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Verena Pfeiffer
- the Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sumit Bhattacharya
- Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Payal R Patel
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Anthony M DeAngelis
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Tong Dai
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Zachary N Smiley
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
| | - Dae Y Jung
- the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Yongjin Lee
- the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- the Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 371-8512 Gunma, Japan, and
| | - Suleyman Ergun
- the Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Universität Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- the Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Jason K Kim
- the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - David R Giovannucci
- Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- From the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and
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15
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Balasubramanian P, Varde PA, Abdallah SL, Najjar SM, MohanKumar PS, MohanKumar SMJ. Differential effects of prenatal stress on metabolic programming in diet-induced obese and dietary-resistant rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309. [PMID: 26219866 PMCID: PMC4572454 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00167.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress during pregnancy is a known contributing factor for the development of obesity in the offspring. Since maternal obesity is on the rise, we wanted to identify the effects of prenatal stress in the offspring of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats and compare them with the offspring of dietary-resistant (DR) rats. We hypothesized that prenatal stress would make both DIO and DR offspring susceptible to obesity, but the effect would be more pronounced in DIO rats. Pregnant DIO and DR rats were divided into two groups: nonstressed controls (control) and prenatal stress (subjected to restraint stress, three times/day from days 14 to 21 of gestation). After recording birth weight and weaning weight, male offspring were weaned onto a chow diet for 9 wk and shifted to a high-fat (HF) diet for 1 wk. At the end of the 10th wk the animals were euthanized, and visceral adipose mass, blood glucose, serum insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured. Prenatal stress resulted in hyperinsulinemia and higher C-peptide levels without altering caloric intake, body weight gain, or fat mass in the DIO offspring after 1 wk of HF intake, but not in DR offspring. To determine the mechanism underlying the hyperinsulinemia, we measured the levels of CEACAM1 that are responsible for insulin clearance. CEACAM1 levels in the liver were reduced in prenatally stressed DIO offspring after the HF challenge, suggesting that preexisting genetic predisposition in combination with prenatal stress increases the risk for obesity in adulthood, especially when offspring are fed a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Labib Abdallah
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - P S MohanKumar
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
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16
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Al-Share QY, DeAngelis AM, Lester SG, Bowman TA, Ramakrishnan SK, Abdallah SL, Russo L, Patel PR, Kaw MK, Raphael CK, Kim AJ, Heinrich G, Lee AD, Kim JK, Kulkarni RN, Philbrick WM, Najjar SM. Forced Hepatic Overexpression of CEACAM1 Curtails Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2015; 64:2780-90. [PMID: 25972571 PMCID: PMC4512217 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) regulates insulin sensitivity by promoting hepatic insulin clearance. Liver-specific inactivation or global null-mutation of Ceacam1 impairs hepatic insulin extraction to cause chronic hyperinsulinemia, resulting in insulin resistance and visceral obesity. In this study we investigated whether diet-induced insulin resistance implicates changes in hepatic CEACAM1. We report that feeding C57/BL6J mice a high-fat diet reduced hepatic CEACAM1 levels by >50% beginning at 21 days, causing hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and elevation in hepatic triacylglycerol content. Conversely, liver-specific inducible CEACAM1 expression prevented hyperinsulinemia and markedly limited insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation that were induced by prolonged high-fat intake. This was partly mediated by increased hepatic β-fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure. The data demonstrate that the high-fat diet reduced hepatic CEACAM1 expression and that overexpressing CEACAM1 in liver curtailed diet-induced metabolic abnormalities by protecting hepatic insulin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qusai Y Al-Share
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Anthony M DeAngelis
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Sumona Ghosh Lester
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Thomas A Bowman
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Simon L Abdallah
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Lucia Russo
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Payal R Patel
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Meenakshi K Kaw
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Christian K Raphael
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Andrea Jung Kim
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Garrett Heinrich
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Abraham D Lee
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - William M Philbrick
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
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17
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Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) is an important hub in insulin signaling and its activation is tightly regulated. Upon insulin stimulation, IR is activated through autophosphorylation, and consequently phosphorylates several insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, including IRS1-6, Shc and Gab1. Certain adipokines have also been found to activate IR. On the contrary, PTP, Grb and SOCS proteins, which are responsible for the negative regulation of IR, are characterized as IR inhibitors. Additionally, many other proteins have been identified as IR substrates and participate in the insulin signaling pathway. To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the signals mediated through IR, we reviewed the upstream and downstream signal molecules of IR, summarized the positive and negative modulators of IR, and discussed the IR substrates and interacting adaptor proteins. We propose that the molecular events associated with IR should be integrated to obtain a better understanding of the insulin signaling pathway and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Du
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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18
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CEACAM1 loss links inflammation to insulin resistance in obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Semin Immunopathol 2013; 36:55-71. [PMID: 24258517 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mounting epidemiological evidence points to an association between metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an increasingly recognized new epidemic. NASH pathologies include hepatocellular ballooning, lobular inflammation, hepatocellular injury, apoptosis, and hepatic fibrosis. We will review the relationship between insulin resistance and inflammation in visceral obesity and NASH in an attempt to shed more light on the pathogenesis of these major metabolic diseases. Moreover, we will identify loss of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 as a unifying mechanism linking the immunological and metabolic abnormalities in NASH.
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19
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Beauchemin N, Arabzadeh A. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) in cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 32:643-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Giudice J, Barcos LS, Guaimas FF, Penas-Steinhardt A, Giordano L, Jares-Erijman EA, Coluccio Leskow F. Insulin and insulin like growth factor II endocytosis and signaling via insulin receptor B. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:18. [PMID: 23497114 PMCID: PMC3607927 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) act on tetrameric tyrosine kinase receptors controlling essential functions including growth, metabolism, reproduction and longevity. The insulin receptor (IR) binds insulin and IGFs with different affinities triggering different cell responses. Results We showed that IGF-II induces cell proliferation and gene transcription when IR-B is over-expressed. We combined biotinylated ligands with streptavidin conjugated quantum dots and visible fluorescent proteins to visualize the binding of IGF-II and insulin to IR-B and their ensuing internalization. By confocal microscopy and flow cytometry in living cells, we studied the internalization kinetic through the IR-B of both IGF-II, known to elicit proliferative responses, and insulin, a regulator of metabolism. Conclusions IGF-II promotes a faster internalization of IR-B than insulin. We propose that IGF-II differentially activates mitogenic responses through endosomes, while insulin-activated IR-B remains at the plasma membrane. This fact could facilitate the interaction with key effector molecules involved in metabolism regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Giudice
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), IQUIBICEN, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Giudice J, Jares-Erijman EA, Leskow FC. Endocytosis and Intracellular Dissociation Rates of Human Insulin–Insulin Receptor Complexes by Quantum Dots in Living Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:431-42. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Voges M, Bachmann V, Naujoks J, Kopp K, Hauck CR. Extracellular IgC2 constant domains of CEACAMs mediate PI3K sensitivity during uptake of pathogens. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39908. [PMID: 22768164 PMCID: PMC3386982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several pathogenic bacteria utilize receptors of the CEACAM family to attach to human cells. Binding to different members of this receptor family can result in uptake of the bacteria. Uptake of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a Gram-negative human pathogen, via CEACAMs found on epithelial cells, such as CEACAM1, CEA or CEACAM6, differs mechanistically from phagocytosis mediated by CEACAM3, a CEACAM family member expressed selectively by human granulocytes. Principal Findings We find that CEACAM1- as well as CEACAM3-mediated bacterial internalization are accompanied by a rapid increase in phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5 phosphate (PI(3,4,5)P) at the site of bacterial entry. However, pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3′ kinase (PI3K) selectively affects CEACAM1-mediated uptake of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Accordingly, overexpression of the PI(3,4,5)P phosphatase SHIP diminishes and expression of a constitutive active PI3K increases CEACAM1-mediated internalization of gonococci, without influencing uptake by CEACAM3. Furthermore, bacterial uptake by GPI-linked members of the CEACAM family (CEA and CEACAM6) and CEACAM1-mediated internalization of N. meningitidis by endothelial cells require PI3K activity. Sensitivity of CEACAM1-mediated uptake toward PI3K inhibition is independent of receptor localization in cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains and does not require the cytoplasmic or the transmembrane domain of CEACAM1. However, PI3K inhibitor sensitivity requires the IgC2-like domains of CEACAM1, which are also present in CEA and CEACAM6, but which are absent from CEACAM3. Accordingly, overexpression of CEACAM1 IgC2 domains blocks CEACAM1-mediated internalization. Conclusions Our results provide novel mechanistic insight into CEACAM1-mediated endocytosis and suggest that epithelial CEACAMs associate in cis with other membrane receptor(s) via their extracellular domains to trigger bacterial uptake in a PI3K-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Voges
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Verena Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan Naujoks
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kopp
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R. Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Boubekeur S, Boute N, Pagesy P, Zilberfarb V, Christeff N, Issad T. A new highly efficient substrate-trapping mutant of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) reveals full autoactivation of the insulin receptor precursor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:19373-80. [PMID: 21487008 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.222984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PTP1B is a protein tyrosine-phosphatase located on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum that plays an important role in the regulation of the insulin receptor (IR). Replacement of the conserved Asp-181 by alanine is known to convert PTP1B into a substrate-trapping protein that binds to but cannot dephosphorylate its substrates. In this work, we have studied the effect of an additional mutation (Y46F) on the substrate-trapping efficiency of PTP1B-D181A. We observed that this mutation converts PTP1B-D181A into a highly efficient substrate-trapping mutant, resulting in much higher recovery of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins coimmunoprecipitated with PTP1B. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) experiments were also performed to compare the dynamics of interaction of the IR with these mutants. Basal BRET, which mainly reflects the interaction of PTP1B with the IR precursor during its biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, was markedly increased with the PTP1B-D181A-Y46F mutant. In contrast, insulin-induced BRET was markedly reduced with PTP1B-D181A-Y46F. I(125) insulin binding experiments indicated that PTP1B-D181-Y46F reduced the expression of IR at the plasma membrane. Reduced expression at the cell surface was associated with higher amounts of the uncleaved IR precursor in the cell. Moreover, we observed that substantial amounts of the uncleaved IR precursor reached the Tris-phosphorylated, fully activated form in an insulin independent fashion. These results support the notion that PTP1B plays a crucial role in the control of the activity of the IR precursor during its biosynthesis. In addition, this new substrate-trapping mutant may be a valuable tool for the identification of new PTP1B substrates.
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24
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Bowman TA, Ramakrishnan SK, Kaw M, Lee SJ, Patel PR, Golla VK, Bourey RE, Haram PM, Koch LG, Britton SL, Wisløff U, Lee AD, Najjar SM. Caloric restriction reverses hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis in rats with low aerobic capacity. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5157-64. [PMID: 20861239 PMCID: PMC2954714 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rats selectively bred for low aerobic running capacity exhibit the metabolic syndrome, including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemia. They also exhibit features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, including chicken-wire fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hyperinsulinemia in these rats is associated with impaired hepatic insulin clearance. The current studies aimed to determine whether these metabolic abnormalities could be reversed by caloric restriction (CR). CR by 30% over a period of 2-3 months improved insulin clearance in parallel to inducing the protein content and activation of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, a main player in hepatic insulin extraction. It also reduced glucose and insulin intolerance and serum and tissue (liver and muscle) triglyceride levels. Additionally, CR reversed inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in liver. The data support a significant role of CR in the normalization of insulin and lipid metabolism in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Bowman
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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25
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Warrier M, Hinds TD, Ledford KJ, Cash HA, Patel PR, Bowman TA, Stechschulte LA, Yong W, Shou W, Najjar SM, Sanchez ER. Susceptibility to diet-induced hepatic steatosis and glucocorticoid resistance in FK506-binding protein 52-deficient mice. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3225-36. [PMID: 20427484 PMCID: PMC2903936 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) is an established positive regulator of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity, an in vivo role for FKBP52 in glucocorticoid control of metabolism has not been reported. To address this question, FKBP52(+/-) mice were placed on a high-fat (HF) diet known to induce obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Tissue profiling of wild-type mice showed high levels of FKBP52 in the liver but little to no expression in muscle or adipose tissue, predicting a restricted pattern of FKBP52 effects on metabolism. In response to HF, FKBP52(+/-) mice demonstrated a susceptibility to hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia that correlated with reduced insulin clearance and reduced expression of hepatic CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1), a mediator of clearance. Livers of HF-fed mutant mice had high lipid content and elevated expression of lipogenic genes (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, fatty acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) and inflammatory markers (TNFalpha). Interestingly, mutant mice under HF showed elevated serum corticosterone, but their steatotic livers had reduced expression of gluconeogenic genes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase, glucose 6 phosphatase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4), whereas muscle and adipose expressed normal to elevated levels of glucocorticoid markers. These data suggest a state of glucocorticoid resistance arising from liver-specific loss of GR activity. Consistent with this hypothesis, reduced expression of gluconeogenic genes and CEACAM1 was observed in dexamethasone-treated FKBP52-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. We propose a model in which FKBP52 loss reduces GR control of gluconeogenesis, predisposing the liver to steatosis under HF-diet conditions attributable to a shunting of metabolism from glucose production to lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Warrier
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614-5804, USA
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Ghosh S, Kaw M, Patel PR, Ledford KJ, Bowman TA, McInerney MF, Erickson SK, Bourey RE, Najjar SM. Mice with null mutation of Ceacam I develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepat Med 2010; 2010:69-78. [PMID: 21949477 PMCID: PMC3177946 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s8902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic liver-specific inactivation of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM1) impairs hepatic insulin clearance and causes hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, elevation in hepatic and serum triglyceride levels, and visceral obesity. It also predisposes to nonalchoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in response to a high-fat diet. To discern whether this phenotype reflects a physiological function of CEACAM1 rather than the effect of the dominant-negative transgene, we investigated whether Ceacam1 (gene encoding CEACAM1 protein) null mice with impaired insulin clearance also develop a NASH-like phenotype on a prolonged high-fat diet. Three-month-old male null and wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet for 3 months and their NASH phenotype was examined. While high-fat feeding elevated hepatic triglyceride content in both strains of mice, it exacerbated macrosteatosis and caused NASH-characteristic fibrogenic changes and inflammatory responses more intensely in the null mouse. This demonstrates that CEACAM1-dependent insulin clearance pathways are linked with NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumona Ghosh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Toledo, OH, USA
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27
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Xu E, Dubois MJ, Leung N, Charbonneau A, Turbide C, Avramoglu RK, DeMarte L, Elchebly M, Streichert T, Lévy E, Beauchemin N, Marette A. Targeted disruption of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 promotes diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Endocrinology 2009; 150:3503-12. [PMID: 19406938 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CC1) is a cell adhesion molecule within the Ig superfamily. The Tyr-phosphorylated isoform of CC1 (CC1-L) plays an important metabolic role in the regulation of hepatic insulin clearance. In this report, we show that CC1-deficient (Cc1(-/-)) mice are prone to hepatic steatosis, as revealed by significantly elevated hepatic triglyceride and both total and esterified cholesterol levels compared with age-matched wild-type controls. Cc1(-/-) mice were also predisposed to lipid-induced hepatic steatosis and dysfunction as indicated by their greater susceptibility to store lipids and express elevated levels of enzymatic markers of liver damage after chronic feeding of a high-fat diet. Hepatic steatosis in the Cc1(-/-) mice was linked to a significant increase in the expression of key lipogenic (fatty acid synthase, acetyl CoA carboxylase) and cholesterol synthetic (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) enzymes under the control of sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1c and -2 transcription factors. Cc1(-/-) mice also exhibited impaired insulin clearance, glucose intolerance, liver insulin resistance, and elevated hepatic expression of the key gluconeogenic transcriptional activators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 and Forkhead box O1. Lack of CC1 also exacerbated both glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance induced by high-fat feeding, but insulin clearance was not further deteriorated in the high-fat-fed Cc1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, our data indicate that CC1 is a key regulator of hepatic lipogenesis and that Cc1(-/-) mice are predisposed to liver steatosis, leading to hepatic insulin resistance and liver damage, particularly when chronically exposed to dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Lipid Research Unit, Laval University Hospital Research Centre, Québec, Canada
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Nouvion AL, Beauchemin N. [CEACAM1 as a central modulator of metabolism, tumor progression, angiogenesis and immunity]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 25:247-52. [PMID: 19361387 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2009253247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1), a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, is a heavily glycosylated protein. This glycoprotein exhibits an intracytoplasmic region that can be either long (71-73 amino acids) with two inhibitory tyrosine-phosphorylated motifs and several phosphorylated serine residues, or short (10 amino acid). CEACAM1 is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in intercellular adhesion, as an inhibitor of tumor development, as a bacterial adhesin, and as a receptor for the mouse hepatitis virus. Moreover, CEACAM1 is an active regulator of cell signaling, modulating the insulin or EGF receptor pathways in epithelial cells or the Zap-70 pathway in hematopoietic cells. The recent development of genetically modified mouse models altering the Ceacam1 gene corroborates most of these data, but also highlights CEACAM1's functional complexity. Thus, in addition to the functions identified previously, CEACAM1 is an important regulator of lipid metabolism, of tumor progression as a regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, of normal and tumor neo-angiogenesis and of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Nouvion
- Centre de cancérologie McGill, Département de biochimie, Université McGill, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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29
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DeAngelis AM, Heinrich G, Dai T, Bowman TA, Patel PR, Lee SJ, Hong EG, Jung DY, Assmann A, Kulkarni RN, Kim JK, Najjar SM. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1: a link between insulin and lipid metabolism. Diabetes 2008; 57:2296-303. [PMID: 18544705 PMCID: PMC2518480 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver-specific inactivation of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) by a dominant-negative transgene (l-SACC1 mice) impaired insulin clearance, caused insulin resistance, and increased hepatic lipogenesis. To discern whether this phenotype reflects a physiological function of CEACAM1 rather than the effect of the dominant-negative transgene, we characterized the metabolic phenotype of mice with null mutation of the Ceacam1 gene (Cc1(-/-)). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mice were originally generated on a mixed C57BL/6x129sv genetic background and then backcrossed 12 times onto the C57BL/6 background. More than 70 male mice of each of the Cc1(-/-) and wild-type Cc1(+/+) groups were subjected to metabolic analyses, including insulin tolerance, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, insulin secretion in response to glucose, and determination of fasting serum insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels. RESULTS Like l-SACC1, Cc1(-/-) mice exhibited impairment of insulin clearance and hyperinsulinemia, which caused insulin resistance beginning at 2 months of age, when the mutation was maintained on a mixed C57BL/6x129sv background, but not until 5-6 months of age on a homogeneous inbred C57BL/6 genetic background. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies revealed that the inbred Cc1(-/-) mice developed insulin resistance primarily in liver. Despite substantial expression of CEACAM1 in pancreatic beta-cells, insulin secretion in response to glucose in vivo and in isolated islets was normal in Cc1(-/-) mice (inbred and outbred strains). CONCLUSIONS Intact insulin secretion in response to glucose and impairment of insulin clearance in l-SACC1 and Cc1(-/-) mice suggest that the principal role of CEACAM1 in insulin action is to mediate insulin clearance in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. DeAngelis
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Garrett Heinrich
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Tong Dai
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Thomas A. Bowman
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Payal R. Patel
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Eun-Gyoung Hong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Dae Young Jung
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Anke Assmann
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jason K. Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonia M. Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research and the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio
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30
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Kim SP, Ellmerer M, Kirkman EL, Bergman RN. Beta-cell "rest" accompanies reduced first-pass hepatic insulin extraction in the insulin-resistant, fat-fed canine model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1581-9. [PMID: 17284579 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00351.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis is maintained by an increase in plasma insulin via increased secretion and/or decreased first-pass hepatic insulin extraction. However, the relative importance of insulin secretion vs. clearance to compensate for insulin resistance in obesity has yet to be determined. This study utilizes the fat-fed dog model to examine longitudinal changes in insulin secretion and first-pass hepatic insulin extraction during development of obesity and insulin resistance. Six dogs were fed an isocaloric diet with an approximately 8% increase in fat calories for 12 wk and evaluated at weeks 0, 6, and 12 for changes in 1) insulin sensitivity by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, 2) first-pass hepatic insulin extraction by direct assessment, and 3) glucose-stimulated insulin secretory response by hyperglycemic clamp. We found that 12 wk of a fat diet increased subcutaneous and visceral fat as assessed by MR imaging. Consistent with increased body fat, the dogs exhibited a approximately 30% decrease in insulin sensitivity and fasting hyperinsulinemia. Although insulin secretion was substantially increased at week 6, beta-cell sensitivity returned to prediet levels by week 12. However, peripheral hyperinsulinemia was maintained because of a significant decrease in first-pass hepatic insulin extraction, thus maintaining hyperinsulinemia, despite changes in insulin release. Our results indicate that when obesity and insulin resistance are induced by an isocaloric, increased-fat diet, an initial increase in insulin secretion by the beta-cells is followed by a decrease in first-pass hepatic insulin extraction. This may provide a secondary physiological mechanism to preserve pancreatic beta-cell function during insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella P Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1333 San Pablo St. MMR 626, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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31
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Park SY, Cho YR, Kim HJ, Hong EG, Higashimori T, Lee SJ, Goldberg IJ, Shulman GI, Najjar SM, Kim JK. Mechanism of glucose intolerance in mice with dominant negative mutation of CEACAM1. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E517-24. [PMID: 16638824 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00077.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mice with liver-specific overexpression of dominant negative phosphorylation-defective S503A-CEACAM1 mutant (L-SACC1) developed chronic hyperinsulinemia resulting from blunted hepatic clearance of insulin, visceral obesity, and glucose intolerance. To determine the underlying mechanism of altered glucose homeostasis, a 2-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed, and tissue-specific glucose and lipid metabolism was assessed in awake L-SACC1 and wild-type mice. Inactivation of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) caused insulin resistance in liver that was mostly due to increased expression of fatty acid synthase and lipid metabolism, resulting in elevated intrahepatic levels of triglyceride and long-chain acyl-CoAs. Whole body insulin resistance in the L-SACC1 mice was further attributed to defects in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues was associated with significantly elevated intramuscular fat contents that may be secondary to increased whole body adiposity (assessed by (1)H-MRS) in the L-SACC1 mice. Overall, these results demonstrate that L-SACC1 is a mouse model in which chronic hyperinsulinemia acts as a cause, and not a consequence, of insulin resistance. Our findings further indicate the important role of CEACAM1 and hepatic insulin clearance in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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32
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Dubois MJ, Bergeron S, Kim HJ, Dombrowski L, Perreault M, Fournès B, Faure R, Olivier M, Beauchemin N, Shulman GI, Siminovitch KA, Kim JK, Marette A. The SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase negatively modulates glucose homeostasis. Nat Med 2006; 12:549-56. [PMID: 16617349 DOI: 10.1038/nm1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is a well-known inhibitor of activation-promoting signaling cascades in hematopoietic cells but its potential role in insulin target tissues is unknown. Here we show that Ptpn6(me-v/me-v) (also known as viable motheaten) mice bearing a functionally deficient SHP-1 protein are markedly glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive as compared to wild-type littermates, as a result of enhanced insulin receptor signaling to IRS-PI3K-Akt in liver and muscle. Downregulation of SHP-1 activity in liver of normal mice by adenoviral expression of a catalytically inert mutant of SHP-1, or after small hairpin RNA-mediated SHP-1 silencing, further confirmed this phenotype. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CEACAM1, a modulator of hepatic insulin clearance, and clearance of serum [125I]-insulin were markedly increased in SHP-1-deficient mice or SHP-1-deficient hepatic cells in vitro. These findings show a novel role for SHP-1 in the regulation of glucose homeostasis through modulation of insulin signaling in liver and muscle as well as hepatic insulin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Julie Dubois
- Department of Anatomy-Physiology and Lipid Research Unit, Laval University Hospital Research Center, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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33
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Najjar SM, Yang Y, Fernström MA, Lee SJ, Deangelis AM, Rjaily GAA, Al-Share QY, Dai T, Miller TA, Ratnam S, Ruch RJ, Smith S, Lin SH, Beauchemin N, Oyarce AM. Insulin acutely decreases hepatic fatty acid synthase activity. Cell Metab 2005; 2:43-53. [PMID: 16054098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is viewed as a positive regulator of fatty acid synthesis by increasing fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA transcription. We uncover a new mechanism by which insulin acutely reduces hepatic FAS activity by inducing phosphorylation of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) and its interaction with FAS. Ceacam1 null mice (Cc1(-/-)) show loss of insulin's ability to acutely decrease hepatic FAS activity. Moreover, adenoviral delivery of wild-type, but not the phosphorylation-defective Ceacam1 mutant, restores the acute effect of insulin on FAS activity in Cc1(-/-) primary hepatocytes. Failure of insulin to acutely reduce hepatic FAS activity in hyperinsulinemic mice, including L-SACC1 transgenics with liver inactivation of CEACAM1, and Ob/Ob obese mice, suggests that the acute effect of insulin on FAS activity depends on the prior insulinemic state. We propose that this mechanism acts to reduce hepatic lipogenesis incurred by insulin pulses during refeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Biology and Metabolic Diseases, The Medical University of Ohio, 3035 Arlington Avenue, HSci Building, Room 270, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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34
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Abou-Rjaily GA, Lee SJ, May D, Al-Share QY, Deangelis AM, Ruch RJ, Neumaier M, Kalthoff H, Lin SH, Najjar SM. CEACAM1 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor--mediated cell proliferation. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:944-52. [PMID: 15467833 PMCID: PMC518664 DOI: 10.1172/jci21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the cell adhesion protein CEACAM1 increases insulin sensitivity and decreases insulin-dependent mitogenesis in vivo. Here we show that CEACAM1 is a substrate of the EGFR and that upon being phosphorylated, CEACAM1 reduces EGFR-mediated growth of transfected Cos-7 and MCF-7 cells in response to EGF. Using transgenic mice overexpressing a phosphorylation-defective CEACAM1 mutant in liver (L-SACC1), we show that the effect of CEACAM1 on EGF-dependent cell proliferation is mediated by its ability to bind to and sequester Shc, thus uncoupling EGFR signaling from the ras/MAPK pathway. In L-SACC1 mice, we also show that impaired CEACAM1 phosphorylation leads to ligand-independent increase of EGFR-mediated cell proliferation. This appears to be secondary to visceral obesity and the metabolic syndrome, with increased levels of output of free fatty acids and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor from the adipose tissue of the mice. Thus, L-SACC1 mice provide a model for the mechanistic link between increased cell proliferation in states of impaired metabolism and visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Abou-Rjaily
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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35
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Abou-Rjaily GA, Lee SJ, May D, Al-Share QY, DeAngelis AM, Ruch RJ, Neumaier M, Kalthoff H, Lin SH, Najjar SM. CEACAM1 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor–mediated cell proliferation. J Clin Invest 2004. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200421786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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36
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Dai T, Abou-Rjaily GA, Al-Share' QY, Yang Y, Fernström MA, Deangelis AM, Lee AD, Sweetman L, Amato A, Pasquali M, Lopaschuk GD, Erickson SK, Najjar SM. Interaction between altered insulin and lipid metabolism in CEACAM1-inactive transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:45155-61. [PMID: 15316023 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404764200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of CEACAM1 in L-SACC1 mice by a dominant-negative transgene in liver impairs insulin clearance and increases serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels, resulting in insulin resistance. The contribution of elevated FFAs in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is herein investigated. Treatment of L-SACC1 female mice with carnitine restored plasma FFA content. Concomitantly, it normalized insulin levels without directly regulating receptor-mediated insulin internalization and prevented glucose tolerance in these mice. Similarly, treatment with nicotinic acid, a lipolysis inhibitor, restored insulin-stimulated receptor uptake in L-SACC1 mice. Taken together, these data suggest that chronic elevation in plasma FFAs levels contributes to the regulation of insulin metabolism and action in L-SACC1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Dai
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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Abstract
Activation of the tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor by insulin binding initiates a cascade of signaling pathways that mediates the metabolic and growth-promoting effects of insulin. Insulin action is regulated by the amount of circulating insulin, which is, in turn, partially regulated by insulin clearance in liver. Receptor-mediated insulin endocytosis followed by degradation mediates insulin clearance. Earlier studies in transfected cells suggested that the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a substrate of the insulin receptor in liver, upregulates receptor-mediated insulin endocytosis and degradation in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. To test this hypothesis, a transgenic mouse, L-SACC1, overexpressing a dominant-negative phosphorylation-defective S503A CEACAM1 mutant in liver was established. The transgenic mouse demonstrated that CEACAM1 increases insulin clearance to maintain insulin sensitivity. Because insulin resistance is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes, understanding the mechanism of CEACAM1 regulation of insulin clearance and action might lead to novel therapeutic strategies against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Najjar
- Department Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical College of Ohio, 3035 Arlington Ave., HSci Building, Room 270, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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38
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Poy MN, Yang Y, Rezaei K, Fernström MA, Lee AD, Kido Y, Erickson SK, Najjar SM. CEACAM1 regulates insulin clearance in liver. Nat Genet 2002; 30:270-6. [PMID: 11850617 DOI: 10.1038/ng840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that insulin stimulates phosphorylation of CEACAM1 which in turn leads to upregulation of receptor-mediated insulin endocytosis and degradation in the hepatocyte. We have generated transgenic mice over-expressing in liver a dominant-negative, phosphorylation-defective S503A-CEACAM1 mutant. Supporting our hypothesis, we found that S503A-CEACAM1 transgenic mice developed hyperinsulinemia resulting from impaired insulin clearance. The hyperinsulinemia caused secondary insulin resistance with impaired glucose tolerance and random, but not fasting, hyperglycemia. Transgenic mice developed visceral adiposity with increased amounts of plasma free fatty acids and plasma and hepatic triglycerides. These findings suggest a mechanism through which insulin signaling regulates insulin sensitivity by modulating hepatic insulin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Poy
- Department of Pharmacology, 3035 Arlington Avenue, HSci Building Room 270, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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Poy MN, Ruch RJ, Fernstrom MA, Okabayashi Y, Najjar SM. Shc and CEACAM1 interact to regulate the mitogenic action of insulin. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:1076-84. [PMID: 11694516 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108415200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1, a tumor suppressor (previously known as pp120), is a plasma membrane protein that undergoes phosphorylation on Tyr(488) in its cytoplasmic tail by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Co-expression of CEACAM1 with insulin receptors decreased cell growth in response to insulin. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments in intact NIH 3T3 cells and glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays revealed that phosphorylated Tyr(488) in CEACAM1 binds to the SH2 domain of Shc, another substrate of the insulin receptor. Overexpressing Shc SH2 domain relieved endogenous Shc from binding to CEACAM1 and restored MAP kinase activity, growth of cells in response to insulin, and their colonization in soft agar. Thus, by binding to Shc, CEACAM1 sequesters this major coupler of Grb2 to the insulin receptor and down-regulates the Ras/MAP kinase mitogenesis pathway. Additionally, CEACAM1 binding to Shc enhances its ability to compete with IRS-1 for phosphorylation by the insulin receptor. This leads to a decrease in IRS-1 binding to phosphoinositide 3'-kinase and to the down-regulation of the phosphoinositide 3'-kinase/Akt pathway that mediates cell proliferation and survival. Thus, binding to Shc appears to constitute a major mechanism for the down-regulatory effect of CEACAM1 on cell proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Cell Division/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Serum-Free
- Down-Regulation/physiology
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin/pharmacology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Binding
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Poy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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Fournès B, Sadekova S, Turbide C, Létourneau S, Beauchemin N. The CEACAM1-L Ser503 residue is crucial for inhibition of colon cancer cell tumorigenicity. Oncogene 2001; 20:219-30. [PMID: 11313949 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2000] [Revised: 10/10/2000] [Accepted: 10/26/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1 (also known as biliary glycoprotein, C-CAM or CD66a) is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin family behaving as a tumor inhibitory protein in colon, prostate, liver, endometrial and breast cancers. Inhibition of tumor development is dependent upon the presence of the long 71-73 amino acid cytoplasmic domain of the CEACAM1 protein (CEACAM1-L). We have recently defined a number of cis-acting motifs within the long cytoplasmic domain participating in tumor cell growth inhibition. These are Tyr488, corresponding to an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibition Motif, as well as the three terminal lysine residues of the protein. In this study, we provide evidence that treatment with phorbol esters leads to increased phosphorylation of in vivo (32)P-labeled CEACAM1-L in mouse CT51 carcinoma cells, in the mouse 1MEA 7R.1 liver carcinoma cells and in 293 human embryonic kidney cells transfected with the Ceacam1-L cDNA. Basal level Ser phosphorylation was abrogated by treatment with the staurosporine inhibitor, but not by the protein kinase C-specific inhibitor calphostin C or other inhibitors such as H7 or sphingosine. Specific inhibitors of protein kinase A or calmodulin kinase had only minimal effects on the levels of basal or PMA-induced Ser phosphorylation. Furthermore, PMA treatment of the CT51 cells induced cell spreading and cellular relocalization of the CEACAM1-L protein. Since Ser503 has been described as a PMA-induced phosphorylation site in other cell systems, we investigated whether Ser503 was involved in these responses in mouse intestinal cells. No differences were noticed in the basal or the PMA-induced phosphorylation levels, kinase inhibitor sensitivity or the PMA-induced relocalization of the protein between the wild-type and the Ser503Ala mutant CEACAM1-L. However, we provide evidence that Ser503 participates in CEACAM1-L-mediated tumor inhibition as its mutation to an Ala led to in vivo tumor development, contrary to the tumor inhibitory phenotype observed with the wild-type CEACAM1-L protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fournès
- McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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41
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Wagener C, Ergün S. Angiogenic properties of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1. Exp Cell Res 2000; 261:19-24. [PMID: 11082271 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is expressed in microvessels of proliferating tissues such as endometrium, in tissues after wounding, and in solid human tumors. In microvascular human endothelial cells, purified native and recombinant CEACAM1 stimulates proliferation, chemotaxis, and tube formation. In the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken, CEACAM1 induces angiogenesis. The angiogenic effects of CEACAM1 are additive to those of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The expression of CEACAM1 is up-regulated by VEGF, and VEGF-induced in vitro tube formation is blocked completely by a monoclonal CEACAM1 antibody. These findings indicate that CEACAM1 is an angiogenic factor and an effector of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wagener
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, D-20251, Germany.
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42
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Soni P, Lakkis M, Poy MN, Fernström MA, Najjar SM. The differential effects of pp120 (Ceacam 1) on the mitogenic action of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 are regulated by the nonconserved tyrosine 1316 in the insulin receptor. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:3896-905. [PMID: 10805733 PMCID: PMC85733 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.11.3896-3905.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
pp120 (Ceacam 1) undergoes ligand-stimulated phosphorylation by the insulin receptor, but not by the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). This differential phosphorylation is regulated by the C terminus of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor, the least conserved domain of the two receptors. In the present studies, deletion and site-directed mutagenesis in stably transfected hepatocytes derived from insulin receptor knockout mice (IR(-/-)) revealed that Tyr(1316), which is replaced by the nonphosphorylatable phenylalanine in IGF-1R, regulated the differential phosphorylation of pp120 by the insulin receptor. Similarly, the nonconserved Tyr(1316) residue also regulated the differential effect of pp120 on IGF-1 and insulin mitogenesis, with pp120 downregulating the growth-promoting action of insulin, but not that of IGF-1. Thus, it appears that pp120 phosphorylation by the insulin receptor is required and sufficient to mediate its downregulatory effect on the mitogenic action of insulin. Furthermore, the current studies revealed that the C terminus of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor contains elements that suppress the mitogenic action of insulin. Because IR(-/-) hepatocytes are derived from liver, an insulin-targeted tissue, our observations have finally resolved the controversy about the role of the least-conserved domain of insulin and IGF-1Rs in mediating the difference in the mitogenic action of their ligands, with IGF-1 being more mitogenic than insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Soni
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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43
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Sadekova S, Lamarche-Vane N, Li X, Beauchemin N. The CEACAM1-L glycoprotein associates with the actin cytoskeleton and localizes to cell-cell contact through activation of Rho-like GTPases. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:65-77. [PMID: 10637291 PMCID: PMC14757 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between plasma membrane-linked proteins and the actin cytoskeleton play a crucial role in defining cell shape and determination, ensuring cell motility and facilitating cell-cell or cell-substratum adhesion. Here, we present evidence that CEACAM1-L, a cell adhesion molecule of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, is associated with the actin cytoskeleton. We have delineated the regions involved in actin cytoskeleton association to the distal end of the CEACAM1-L long cytoplasmic domain. We have demonstrated that CEACAM1-S, an isoform of CEACAM1 with a truncated cytoplasmic domain, does not interact with the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, a major difference in subcellular localization of the two CEACAM1 isoforms was observed. Furthermore, we have established that the localization of CEACAM1-L at cell-cell boundaries is regulated by the Rho family of GTPases. The retention of the protein at the sites of intercellular contacts critically depends on homophilic CEACAM1-CEACAM1 interactions and association with the actin cytoskeleton. Our results provide new evidence on how the Rho family of GTPases can control cell adhesion: by directing an adhesion molecule to its proper cellular destination. In addition, these results provide an insight into the mechanisms of why CEACAM1-L, but not CEACAM1-S, functions as a tumor cell growth inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sadekova
- McGill Cancer Centre, Medicine, and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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44
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Choice CV, Poy MN, Formisano P, Najjar SM. Comparison of the intracellular trafficking of two alternatively spliced isoforms of pp120, a substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. J Cell Biochem 1999; 76:133-42. [PMID: 10581007 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(20000101)76:1<133::aid-jcb13>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
pp120, a substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, is a plasma membrane glycoprotein in the hepatocyte. It is expressed as two spliced isoforms differing by the presence (full length) or absence (truncated) of most of the intracellular domain including all phosphorylation sites. Because the two isoforms differ by their ability to regulate receptor-mediated insulin endocytosis and degradation, we aimed to investigate the cellular basis for this functional difference by comparing their intracellular trafficking. During its intracellular assembly, pp120 is transported from the trans-Golgi network to the sinusoidal domain of the plasma membrane before its final transcytosis to the bile canalicular domain. Because both isoforms are expressed in hepatocytes, we examined their intracellular trafficking in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts individually transfected with each isoform. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that most of the newly synthesized full-length isoform reached complete maturation at about 60 min of chase. By contrast, only about 40% of the newly synthesized truncated isoform underwent complete maturation, even at more prolonged chase. Moreover, a significant portion of the truncated isoform appeared to be targeted to lysosomes. Abolishing basal phosphorylation on Ser(503) by cAMP-dependent serine kinase by mutating this residue to alanine was correlated with incomplete maturation of full length pp120 in NIH 3T3 cells and hepatocytes. This finding suggests that the intracellular domain of pp120 contains information that regulates its vectorial sorting from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Choice
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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45
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Izzi L, Turbide C, Houde C, Kunath T, Beauchemin N. cis-Determinants in the cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1 responsible for its tumor inhibitory function. Oncogene 1999; 18:5563-72. [PMID: 10523833 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CEACAM1, also known as C-CAM, BGP and CD66a, is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family which is itself part of the immunoglobulin supergene family. CEACAM1 is involved in intercellular adhesion, signal transduction and tumor cell growth regulation. CEACAM1 is down-regulated in colon and prostate carcinomas, as well as in endometrial, bladder and hepatic tumors, and 30% of breast cancers. We have shown in a mouse colon tumor model that CEACAM1 with a long cytoplasmic domain inhibited the development of tumors whereas a splice variant lacking the cytoplasmic domain did not. In this study, we define the subregions of the long cytoplasmic domain participating in the tumor inhibition phenotype of CEACAM1. We show that a single point mutation of Tyr488, conforming to an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine Inhibition Motif (ITIM), was sufficient to reverse the in vivo tumor cell growth inhibition. Substitution or deletion of residues in the C-terminal region of the CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain also led to reversal of tumor cell growth inhibition. This result is in agreement with our previous studies demonstrating the C-terminal region of the cytoplasmic domain influences the levels of CEACAM1 Tyr phosphorylation and its association with the protein Tyr phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. Furthermore, removal of the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1, essential for intercellular adhesion, did not impair the tumor inhibitory effect. These results suggest that Tyr phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of the CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain represents a crucial step in the control of epithelial cell proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/biosynthesis
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/genetics
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycoproteins
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Phosphorylation
- Point Mutation
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/physiology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Sequence Deletion
- Signal Transduction
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- L Izzi
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill Cancer Centre, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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46
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Robitaille J, Izzi L, Daniels E, Zelus B, Holmes KV, Beauchemin N. Comparison of expression patterns and cell adhesion properties of the mouse biliary glycoproteins Bbgp1 and Bbgp2. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 264:534-544. [PMID: 10491101 PMCID: PMC7493004 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/1999] [Accepted: 06/22/1999] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biliary glycoproteins are members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family and behave as cell adhesion molecules. The mouse genome contains two very similar Bgp genes, Bgp1 and Bgp2, whereas the human and rat genomes contain only one BGP gene. A Bgp2 isoform was previously identified as an alternative receptor for the mouse coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus. This isoform consists of two extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail of five amino acids. In this report, we have examined whether the Bgp2 gene can express other isoforms in different mouse tissues. We found only one other isoform, which has a long cytoplasmic tail of 73 amino acids. The long cytodomain of the Bgp2 protein is highly similar to that of the Bgp1/4L isoform. The Bgp2 protein is expressed in low amounts in kidney and in a rectal carcinoma cell line. Antibodies specific to Bgp2 detected a 42-kDa protein, which is expressed at the cell surface of these samples. Bgp2 was found by immunocytochemistry in smooth muscle layers of the kidney, the uterus, in gut mononuclear cells and in the crypt epithelia of intestinal tissues. Transfection studies showed that, in contrast with Bgp1, the Bgp2 glycoprotein was not directly involved in intercellular adhesion. However, this protein is found in the proliferative compartment of the intestinal crypts and in cells involved in immune recognition. This suggests that the Bgp2 protein represents a distinctive member of the CEA family; its unusual expression patterns in mouse tissues and the unique functions it may be fulfilling may provide novel clues about the multiple functions mediated by a common BGP protein in humans and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robitaille
- McGill Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Centre, Denver, CO, USA
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47
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Abstract
Signal transduction induced by receptors can elicit intracellular biochemical events that either support or inhibit cell activation. Induction of the latter has been termed "negative signaling" and can be triggered by receptors on immune cells that are distinct from activating receptors while other growth-promoting receptors induce both positive and negative signaling events. Here, the biochemistry leading to cell activation or inhibition and induced by receptors on immune cells are reviewed. Furthermore, recent experimental evidence is reviewed that indicates an important contribution of negative signaling to the intracellular survival of infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Coggeshall
- Department of Microbiology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
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48
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Soni P, Al-Hosaini KA, Fernström MA, Najjar SM. Cell adhesion properties and effects on receptor-mediated insulin endocytosis are independent properties of pp120, a substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS : MCBRC 1999; 1:102-8. [PMID: 10356358 DOI: 10.1006/mcbr.1999.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
pp120 undergoes phosphorylation by the tyrosine kinase of the insulin, not the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), receptor. Moreover, pp120 stimulates receptor-mediated insulin, but not IGF-1, endocytosis, suggesting that pp120 phosphorylation underlies its effect on insulin endocytosis. pp120 phosphorylation also underlies its bile acid transport and tumor suppression functions. In addition to depending on the intracellular tail, the cell adhesion property of pp120 depends on Arg98 in the N-terminal IgV-like ectoplasmic domain. To investigate whether this domain mediates the effect of pp120 on insulin endocytosis, we mutated Arg98 to Ala and examined whether this mutation altered pp120 phosphorylation and its effect on ligand endocytosis in transfected NIH 3T3 cells. This mutation did not modify either pp120 phosphorylation or its effect on receptor-mediated ligand endocytosis. These findings support the hypothesis that stimulation of insulin endocytosis by pp120 is not mediated by Arg98 in the N-terminal IgV-like ectoplasmic domain of pp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Soni
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43614-5804, USA
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49
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Abstract
We have optimized a liposome-based transfection method that mediated highly efficient stable expression of foreign genes in hepatocytes. Moreover, we have observed that the metallothionein 1 promoter in the bovine papilloma virus-based expression vector drove the highest expression of foreign genes in hepatocytes as compared with the cytomegalovirus and the human polypeptide chain elongation factor 1alpha (EF-1alpha) promoters in the pcDNA 3-based expression vector. The cytomegalovirus promoter failed to yield significant expression in these cells. Furthermore, expression of foreign genes persisted up to at least 15 passages when expression was under the control of either the EF-1alpha or the metallothionein 1 promoter. Thus, these two promoters led to comparable stability of foreign genes in hepatocytes, with the metallothionein 1 promoter yielding a higher level of expression of foreign genes in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Najjar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical College of Ohio, 3035 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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50
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Ellis MJ, Jenkins S, Hanfelt J, Redington ME, Taylor M, Leek R, Siddle K, Harris A. Insulin-like growth factors in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1999; 52:175-84. [PMID: 10066081 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006127621512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
IGF1 and IGF2 are circulating peptide hormones and locally-acting growth factors with both paracrine and autocrine functions. IGF1 and IGF2 signal through a common tyrosine kinase receptor, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and have mitogenic, cell survival, and insulin-like actions that are essential for embryogenesis, post-natal growth physiology, and breast development. The activities of IGF1 and 2 are tightly-regulated by a network of binding proteins and targeted degradation mechanisms. This complex regulatory system is disrupted in breast cancer, leading to excess IGF1R signaling. Evidence for this statement includes: a) breast cancers are infiltrated with IGF2 expressing stromal cells; b) mannose 6-phosphate/IGF2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) is mutated in breast cancer, leading to loss of IGF2 degradation; c) IGF1R is overexpressed by malignant breast epithelial cells, and in some cases IGF1R is amplified; and d) complex changes in IGF binding protein expression occur during breast cancer progression which most likely also affect IGF1 and 2 signaling. The clinical importance of these epigenetic and genetic changes has recently been stressed by the finding that IGF1R signaling alters the apoptotic response of breast cancer cells to genotoxic stress and, in addition, IGF1R activation sensitizes cells to estrogen by inducing phosphorylation of the estrogen receptor. As a consequence of these findings, we propose that IGF analysis of breast cancer samples should shift from prognostic studies to an evaluation of IGF ligands, receptors, and binding proteins as resistance/sensitivity markers for radiation, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ellis
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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