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Tai M, Chen J, Chen J, Shen X, Ni J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in skin aging induced by UVB. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14956. [PMID: 37846942 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a normal and complex biological process. Skin is located in the most superficial layer of the body, and its degree of aging directly reflects the aging level of the body. Endoplasmic reticulum stress refers to the aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and the disruption of the calcium ion balance when cells are stimulated by external stimuli. Mild endoplasmic reticulum stress can cause a series of protective mechanisms, including the unfolded protein response, while sustained high intensity stimulation leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and eventually apoptosis. Photoaging caused by ultraviolet radiation is an important stimulus in skin aging. Many studies have focused on oxidative stress, but increasing evidence shows that endoplasmic reticulum stress plays an important role in photoaging. This paper reviews the development and mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in skin photoaging, and provides research directions for targeting the ERS pathway to slow aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tai
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Eisner D, Neher E, Taschenberger H, Smith G. Physiology of intracellular calcium buffering. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2767-2845. [PMID: 37326298 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling underlies much of physiology. Almost all the Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is bound to buffers, with typically only ∼1% being freely ionized at resting levels in most cells. Physiological Ca2+ buffers include small molecules and proteins, and experimentally Ca2+ indicators will also buffer calcium. The chemistry of interactions between Ca2+ and buffers determines the extent and speed of Ca2+ binding. The physiological effects of Ca2+ buffers are determined by the kinetics with which they bind Ca2+ and their mobility within the cell. The degree of buffering depends on factors such as the affinity for Ca2+, the Ca2+ concentration, and whether Ca2+ ions bind cooperatively. Buffering affects both the amplitude and time course of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals as well as changes of Ca2+ concentration in organelles. It can also facilitate Ca2+ diffusion inside the cell. Ca2+ buffering affects synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, Ca2+ transport across epithelia, and the killing of bacteria. Saturation of buffers leads to synaptic facilitation and tetanic contraction in skeletal muscle and may play a role in inotropy in the heart. This review focuses on the link between buffer chemistry and function and how Ca2+ buffering affects normal physiology and the consequences of changes in disease. As well as summarizing what is known, we point out the many areas where further work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Neher
- Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Godfrey Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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3
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Michalak M. Calreticulin: Endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ gatekeeper. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 28:e17839. [PMID: 37424156 PMCID: PMC10902585 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal Ca2+ is vital for the function of the ER and regulates many cellular processes. Calreticulin is a highly conserved, ER-resident Ca2+ binding protein and lectin-like chaperone. Over four decades of studying calreticulin demonstrate that this protein plays a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ supply under different physiological conditions, in managing access to Ca2+ and how Ca2+ is used depending on the environmental events and in making sure that Ca2+ is not misused. Calreticulin plays a role of ER luminal Ca2+ sensor to manage Ca2+ -dependent ER luminal events including maintaining interaction with its partners, Ca2+ handling molecules, substrates and stress sensors. The protein is strategically positioned in the lumen of the ER from where the protein manages access to and distribution of Ca2+ for many cellular Ca2+ -signalling events. The importance of calreticulin Ca2+ pool extends beyond the ER and includes influence of cellular processes involved in many aspects of cellular pathophysiology. Abnormal handling of the ER Ca2+ contributes to many pathologies from heart failure to neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Groenendyk J, Michalak M. Interplay between calcium and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102753. [PMID: 37209448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is crucial for the healthy functioning of the organism. Disruption of cellular homeostasis activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress coping responses including the unfolded protein response (UPR). There are three ER resident stress sensors responsible for UPR activation - IRE1α, PERK and ATF6. Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in stress responses including the UPR and the ER is the main Ca2+ storage organelle and a source of Ca2+ for cell signaling. The ER contains many proteins involved in Ca2+ import/export/ storage, Ca2+ movement between different cellular organelles and ER Ca2+ stores refilling. Here we focus on selected aspects of ER Ca2+ homeostasis and its role in activation of the ER stress coping responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Groenendyk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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5
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Gorkhali R, Tian L, Dong B, Bagchi P, Deng X, Pawar S, Duong D, Fang N, Seyfried N, Yang J. Extracellular calcium alters calcium-sensing receptor network integrating intracellular calcium-signaling and related key pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20576. [PMID: 34663830 PMCID: PMC8523568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a target for over 34% of current drugs. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a family C GPCR, regulates systemic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis that is critical for many physiological, calciotropical, and noncalciotropical outcomes in multiple organs. However, the mechanisms by which extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ex) and the CaSR mediate networks of intracellular Ca2+-signaling and players involved throughout the life cycle of CaSR are largely unknown. Here we report the first CaSR protein–protein interactome with 94 novel putative and 8 previously published interactors using proteomics. Ca2+ex promotes enrichment of 66% of the identified CaSR interactors, pertaining to Ca2+ dynamics, endocytosis, degradation, trafficking, and primarily to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These enhanced ER-related processes are governed by Ca2+ex-activated CaSR which directly modulates ER-Ca2+ (Ca2+ER), as monitored by a novel ER targeted Ca2+-sensor. Moreover, we validated the Ca2+ex dependent colocalizations and interactions of CaSR with ER-protein processing chaperone, 78-kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78), and with trafficking-related protein. Live cell imaging results indicated that CaSR and vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated A (VAPA) are inter-dependent during Ca2+ex induced enhancement of near-cell membrane expression. This study significantly extends the repertoire of the CaSR interactome and reveals likely novel players and pathways of CaSR participating in Ca2+ER dynamics, agonist mediated ER-protein processing and surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshya Gorkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xiaonan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Shrikant Pawar
- Department of Biology, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Nicholas Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jenny Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Advanced Translational Imaging Facility, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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6
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Calcium as a reliable marker for the quantitative assessment of endoplasmic reticulum stress in live cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100779. [PMID: 34000299 PMCID: PMC8191341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential mineral of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal biochemistry because of the Ca2+ dependence of ER-resident chaperones charged with folding de novo proteins that transit this cellular compartment. ER Ca2+ depletion reduces the ability of chaperones to properly fold the proteins entering the ER, thus leading to an accumulation of misfolded proteins and the onset of a state known as ER stress. However, not all conditions that cause ER stress do so in a manner dependent on ER Ca2+ depletion. Agents such as tunicamycin inhibit the glycosylation of de novo polypeptides, a key step in the maturation process of newly synthesized proteins. Despite this established effect of tunicamycin, our understanding of how such conditions modulate ER Ca2+ levels is still limited. In the present study, we report that a variety of ER stress–inducing agents that have not been known to directly alter ER Ca2+ homeostasis can also cause a marked reduction in ER Ca2+ levels. Consistent with these observations, protecting against ER stress using small chemical chaperones, such as 4-phenylbutyrate and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, also attenuated ER Ca2+ depletion caused by these agents. We also describe a novel high-throughput and low-cost assay for the rapid quantification of ER stress using ER Ca2+ levels as a surrogate marker. This report builds on our understanding of ER Ca2+ levels in the context of ER stress and also provides the scientific community with a new, reliable tool to study this important cellular process in vitro.
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7
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Tanikawa Y, Kanemura S, Ito D, Lin Y, Matsusaki M, Kuroki K, Yamaguchi H, Maenaka K, Lee YH, Inaba K, Okumura M. Ca 2+ Regulates ERp57-Calnexin Complex Formation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102853. [PMID: 34064874 PMCID: PMC8151781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ERp57, a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family, is a ubiquitous disulfide catalyst that functions in the oxidative folding of various clients in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In concert with ER lectin-like chaperones calnexin and calreticulin (CNX/CRT), ERp57 functions in virtually all folding stages from co-translation to post-translation, and thus plays a critical role in maintaining protein homeostasis, with direct implication for pathology. Here, we present mechanisms by which Ca2+ regulates the formation of the ERp57-calnexin complex. Biochemical and isothermal titration calorimetry analyses revealed that ERp57 strongly interacts with CNX via a non-covalent bond in the absence of Ca2+. The ERp57-CNX complex not only promoted the oxidative folding of human leukocyte antigen heavy chains, but also inhibited client aggregation. These results suggest that this complex performs both enzymatic and chaperoning functions under abnormal physiological conditions, such as Ca2+ depletion, to effectively guide proper oxidative protein folding. The findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning crosstalk between the chaperone network and Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tanikawa
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan; (Y.T.); (S.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan; (Y.T.); (S.K.); (H.Y.)
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
| | - Dai Ito
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Yuxi Lin
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Motonori Matsusaki
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kuroki
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi 6, Kita 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan; (Y.T.); (S.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi 6, Kita 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.K.); (K.M.)
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Nishi 6, Kita 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongju 28119, Korea; (Y.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Research Headquarters, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41068, Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramakiaza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
- Fusion Oriented Research for Disruptive Science and Technology, Japan Science Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-795-5764
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8
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Calreticulin-Multifunctional Chaperone in Immunogenic Cell Death: Potential Significance as a Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:130. [PMID: 33440842 PMCID: PMC7827772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of death, which has the hallmarks of necroptosis and apoptosis, and is best characterized in malignant diseases. Chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy induce intracellular stress response pathways in tumor cells, leading to a secretion of various factors belonging to a family of damage-associated molecular patterns molecules, capable of inducing the adaptive immune response. One of them is calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-associated chaperone. Its presence on the surface of dying tumor cells serves as an "eat me" signal for antigen presenting cells (APC). Engulfment of tumor cells by APCs results in the presentation of tumor's antigens to cytotoxic T-cells and production of cytokines/chemokines, which activate immune cells responsible for tumor cells killing. Thus, the development of ICD and the expression of CRT can help standard therapy to eradicate tumor cells. Here, we review the physiological functions of CRT and its involvement in the ICD appearance in malignant disease. Moreover, we also focus on the ability of various anti-cancer drugs to induce expression of surface CRT on ovarian cancer cells. The second aim of this work is to discuss and summarize the prognostic/predictive value of CRT in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.S.-K.); (M.K.)
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9
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Preissler S, Rato C, Yan Y, Perera LA, Czako A, Ron D. Calcium depletion challenges endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis by destabilising BiP-substrate complexes. eLife 2020; 9:62601. [PMID: 33295873 PMCID: PMC7758071 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metazoan endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves both as a hub for maturation of secreted proteins and as an intracellular calcium storage compartment, facilitating calcium-release-dependent cellular processes. ER calcium depletion robustly activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, it is unclear how fluctuations in ER calcium impact organellar proteostasis. Here, we report that calcium selectively affects the dynamics of the abundant metazoan ER Hsp70 chaperone BiP, by enhancing its affinity for ADP. In the calcium-replete ER, ADP rebinding to post-ATP hydrolysis BiP-substrate complexes competes with ATP binding during both spontaneous and co-chaperone-assisted nucleotide exchange, favouring substrate retention. Conversely, in the calcium-depleted ER, relative acceleration of ADP-to-ATP exchange favours substrate release. These findings explain the rapid dissociation of certain substrates from BiP observed in the calcium-depleted ER and suggest a mechanism for tuning ER quality control and coupling UPR activity to signals that mobilise ER calcium in secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Preissler
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Rato
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yahui Yan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A Perera
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Czako
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Sellaththurai S, Omeka WKM, Nadarajapillai K, Shanaka KASN, Jung S, Lee S, Lee J. Identification, molecular characterization, expression analysis and wound-healing ability of multifunctional calreticulin from big-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:410-420. [PMID: 32805417 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional ubiquitous protein that is widely presented in all cells in eukaryotes except erythrocytes. CRT is well known for diverse cellular functions such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-specialized protein quality control during protein synthesis and folding, in-vivo Ca2+ homeostasis, antigen presentation, phagocytosis, wound-healing, proliferation, adhesion, and migration of cells. In the current study, we identified CRT from Hippocampus abdominalis (HaCRT) and analyzed expression profiles and functional properties. The cDNA sequence of HaCRT was identified with an open reading frame of 1226 bp. The molecular weight of HaCRT was estimated as 49 kDa. The in-silico study revealed conserved sequence arrangements such as two CRT signature motifs (5'-KHEQSIDCGGGYVKVF-3' and 5'-LMFGPDICG-3'), triplicate repeats (5'-IKDPEAKKPEDWD-3', 5'-IPDPDDTKPEDWD-3', 5'-IPDPDAKKPDDWD-3'), signal peptide and an ER-targeting 5'-KDEL-3' sequence of HaCRT. Close sequence similarity of HaCRT was observed with Hippocampus comes from phylogenetic analysis and pairwise sequence comparison. From quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results, HaCRT was ubiquitously distributed in all tested tissues and expression levels of HaCRT were significantly modulated in blood, liver and gill tissues after stimulation with Streptococcus iniae, Edwardsiella tarda, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and lipopolysaccharides. Bacterial- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns-binding activities were observed with recombinant HaCRT (rHaCRT). The treatment of murine macrophages with rHaCRT induced the expression of immune genes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, rHaCRT exhibited wound-healing ability. Based on the results from the above study, we suggest that HaCRT play an indispensable role in the immunity of big-belly seahorses by recognition and elimination of pathogens as well as the tissue repairing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - K A S N Shanaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Zhang R, He J, Dong Z, Liu G, Yin Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Ren Y, Yang Y, Liu W, Chen X, Xia W, Duan K, Hao F, Lin Z, Yang J, Chang Z, Zhao R, Wan W, Lu S, Peng Y, Ge S, Wang W, Li X. Genomic and experimental data provide new insights into luciferin biosynthesis and bioluminescence evolution in fireflies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15882. [PMID: 32985577 PMCID: PMC7522259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fireflies are among the most charismatic insects for their spectacular bioluminescence, but the origin and evolution of bioluminescence remain elusive. Especially, the genic basis of luciferin (D-luciferin) biosynthesis and light patterns is largely unknown. Here, we present the high-quality reference genomes of two fireflies Lamprigera yunnana (1053 Mb) and Abscondita terminalis (501 Mb) with great differences in both morphology and luminous behavior. We sequenced the transcriptomes and proteomes of luminous organs of two species. We created the CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants of Abdominal B gene without luminous organs in the larvae of A. terminalis and sequenced the transcriptomes of mutants and wild-types. Combining gene expression analyses with comparative genomics, we propose a more complete luciferin synthesis pathway, and confirm the convergent evolution of bioluminescence in insects. Using experiments, the function of the firefly acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT1) to convert L-luciferin to D-luciferin was validated for the first time. Comparisons of three-dimension reconstruction of luminous organs and their differentially expressed genes among two species suggest that two positive genes in the calcium signaling pathway and structural difference of luminous organs may play an important role in the evolution of flash pattern. Altogether, our results provide important resources for further exploring bioluminescence in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinwu He
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Guichun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yandong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianqing Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Hao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeshan Lin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhou Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruoping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenting Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Sihan Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqiong Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Siqin Ge
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xueyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
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12
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ER Stress-Induced Secretion of Proteins and Their Extracellular Functions in the Heart. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092066. [PMID: 32927693 PMCID: PMC7563782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a result of conditions that imbalance protein homeostasis or proteostasis at the ER, for example ischemia, and is a common event in various human pathologies, including the diseased heart. Cardiac integrity and function depend on the active secretion of mature proteins from a variety of cell types in the heart, a process that requires an intact ER environment for efficient protein folding and trafficking to the secretory pathway. As a consequence of ER stress, most protein secretion by the ER secretory pathway is decreased. Strikingly, there is a select group of proteins that are secreted in greater quantities during ER stress. ER stress resulting from the dysregulation of ER Ca2+ levels, for instance, stimulates the secretion of Ca2+-binding ER chaperones, especially GRP78, GRP94, calreticulin, and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), which play a multitude of roles outside the cell, strongly depending on the cell type and tissue. Here we review current insights in ER stress-induced secretion of proteins, particularly from the heart, and highlight the extracellular functions of these proteins, ranging from the augmentation of cardiac cell viability to the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic, oncogenic, and immune-stimulatory cell signaling, cell invasion, extracellular proteostasis, and more. Many of the roles of ER stress-induced protein secretion remain to be explored in the heart. This article is part of a special issue entitled “The Role of Proteostasis Derailment in Cardiac Diseases.”
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13
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Aulestia FJ, Groeling J, Bomfim GHS, Costiniti V, Manikandan V, Chaloemtoem A, Concepcion AR, Li Y, Wagner LE, Idaghdour Y, Yule DI, Lacruz RS. Fluoride exposure alters Ca 2+ signaling and mitochondrial function in enamel cells. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaay0086. [PMID: 32071168 PMCID: PMC7173621 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride ions are highly reactive, and their incorporation in forming dental enamel at low concentrations promotes mineralization. In contrast, excessive fluoride intake causes dental fluorosis, visually recognizable enamel defects that can increase the risk of caries. To investigate the molecular bases of dental fluorosis, we analyzed the effects of fluoride exposure in enamel cells to assess its impact on Ca2+ signaling. Primary enamel cells and an enamel cell line (LS8) exposed to fluoride showed decreased internal Ca2+ stores and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). RNA-sequencing analysis revealed changes in gene expression suggestive of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in fluoride-treated LS8 cells. Fluoride exposure did not alter Ca2+ homeostasis or increase the expression of ER stress-associated genes in HEK-293 cells. In enamel cells, fluoride exposure affected the functioning of the ER-localized Ca2+ channel IP3R and the activity of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump during Ca2+ refilling of the ER. Fluoride negatively affected mitochondrial respiration, elicited mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and disrupted mitochondrial morphology. Together, these data provide a potential mechanism underlying dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Aulestia
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Johnny Groeling
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Guilherme H S Bomfim
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Vinu Manikandan
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ariya Chaloemtoem
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Axel R Concepcion
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Larry E Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526, USA
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Biology Program, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14526, USA
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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14
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Verma G, Dixit A, Nunemaker CS. A Putative Prohibitin-Calcium Nexus in β-Cell Mitochondria and Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7814628. [PMID: 33354575 PMCID: PMC7737164 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7814628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis is well known; however, the mechanisms linking mitochondria to the proapoptotic effects of proinflammatory cytokines, hyperglycemia, and glucolipotoxicity are not completely understood. Complex Ca2+ signaling has emerged as a critical contributor to these proapoptotic effects and has gained significant attention in regulating the signaling processes of mitochondria. In pancreatic β-cells, Ca2+ plays an active role in β-cell function and survival. Prohibitin (PHB), a mitochondrial chaperone, is actively involved in maintaining the architecture of mitochondria. However, its possible interaction with Ca2+-activated signaling pathways has not been explored. The present review aims to examine potential crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and PHB function in pancreatic β-cells. Moreover, this review will focus on the effects of cytokines and glucolipotoxicity on Ca2+ signaling and its possible interaction with PHB. Improved understanding of this important mitochondrial protein may aid in the design of more targeted drugs to identify specific pathways involved with stress-induced dysfunction in the β-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Verma
- Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö -21428, Sweden
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, -110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, -110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Craig S. Nunemaker
- HCOM-Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens Camp, US-45701 Ohio, USA
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15
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Kotian V, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Kesharwani R, Verma G, Mounica L, Veeresh P, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Evolving Evidence of Calreticulin as a Pharmacological Target in Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2629-2646. [PMID: 31017385 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR), a lectin-like ER chaperone, was initially known only for its housekeeping function, but today it is recognized for many versatile roles in different compartments of a cell. Apart from canonical roles in protein folding and calcium homeostasis, it performs a variety of noncanonical roles, mostly in CNS development. In the past, studies have linked Calreticulin with various other biological components which are detrimental in deciding the fate of neurons. Many neurological disorders that differ in their etiology are commonly associated with aberrant levels of Calreticulin, that lead to modulation of apoptosis and phagocytosis, and impact on transcriptional pathways, impairment in proteostatis, and calcium imbalances. Such multifaceted properties of Calreticulin are the reason why it has been implicated in vital roles of the nervous system in recent years. Hence, understanding its role in the physiology of neurons would help to unearth its involvement in the spectrum of neurological disorders. This Review aims toward exploring the interplay of Calreticulin in neurological disorders which would aid in targeting Calreticulin for developing novel neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Kotian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Radhika Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Geetesh Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Leela Mounica
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Pabbala Veeresh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Dileep R. Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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16
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Fluks M, Szczepanska K, Ishikawa T, Ajduk A. Transcriptional status of mouse oocytes corresponds with their ability to generate Ca2+ release. Reproduction 2019; 157:465-474. [PMID: 30817322 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In fully grown ovarian follicles both transcriptionally active (NSN) and inactive (SN) oocytes are present. NSN oocytes have been shown to display lower developmental potential. It is possible that oocytes that have not completed transcription before meiosis resumption accumulate less RNA and proteins required for their further development, including those responsible for regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Oscillations of the cytoplasmic concentration of free Ca2+ ions ([Ca2+]i) are triggered in oocytes by a fertilizing spermatozoon and are crucial for inducing and regulating further embryonic development. We showed that NSN-derived oocytes express less inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1), store less Ca2+ ions and generate weaker spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations during maturation than SN oocytes. Consequently, NSN oocytes display aberrant [Ca2+]i oscillations at fertilization. We speculate that this defective regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis might be one of the factors responsible for the lower developmental potential of NSN oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fluks
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Takao Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ajduk
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Yadav S, Prakash J, Saxena JK. Metal binding study of calreticulin: An immunomodulatory protein of human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1157-1168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Szalai P, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Christensen SB, Nissen P, Møller JV, Engedal N. Nonlinear relationship between ER Ca 2+ depletion versus induction of the unfolded protein response, autophagy inhibition, and cell death. Cell Calcium 2018; 76:48-61. [PMID: 30261424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ depletion activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), inhibits bulk autophagy and eventually induces cell death in mammalian cells. However, the extent and duration of ER Ca2+ depletion required is unknown. We instigated a detailed study in two different cell lines, using sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitors to gradually reduce ER Ca2+ levels in a controlled manner. Remarkably, UPR induction (as assessed by expression analyses of UPR-regulated proteins) and autophagy inhibition (as assessed by analyses of effects on starvation-induced bulk autophagy) required substantially higher drug concentrations than those needed to strongly decrease total ER Ca2+ levels. In fact, even when ER Ca2+ levels were so low that we could hardly detect any release of Ca2+ upon challenge with ER Ca2+ purging agents, UPR was not induced, and starvation-induced bulk autophagy was still fully supported. Moreover, although we observed reduced cell proliferation at this very low level of ER Ca2+, cells could tolerate prolonged periods (days) without succumbing to cell death. Addition of increasing concentrations of extracellular EGTA also gradually depleted the ER of Ca2+, and, as with the SERCA inhibitors, EGTA-induced activation of UPR and cell death required higher EGTA concentrations than those needed to strongly reduce ER Ca2+ levels. We conclude that ER Ca2+ depletion-induced effects on UPR, autophagy and cell death require either an extreme general depletion of ER Ca2+ levels, or Ca2+ depletion in areas of the ER that have a higher resistance to Ca2+ drainage than the bulk of the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Szalai
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Poul Nissen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease (Pumpkin), Danish Research Foundation, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper V Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Alzheimer's disease pathology and the unfolded protein response: prospective pathways and therapeutic targets. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 28:161-178. [PMID: 28252521 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many vital interdependent cellular functions including proteostasis, lipogenesis and Ca homeostasis are executed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Exogenous insults can impair ER performance: this must be rapidly corrected or cell death will ensue. Protective adaptations can boost the functional capacity of the ER and form the basis of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Activated in response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, the UPR can halt protein translation while increasing protein-handling chaperones and the degradation of erroneous proteins through a conserved three-tier molecular cascade. However, prolonged activation of the UPR can result in the maladaptation of the system, resulting in the activation of inflammatory and apoptotic effectors. Recently, UPR and its involvement in neurodegenerative disease has attracted much interest and numerous potentially 'drugable' points of crosstalk are now emerging. Here, we summarize the functions of the ER and UPR, and highlight evidence for its potential role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, before discussing several key targets with therapeutic potential.
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20
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Fucikova J, Kasikova L, Truxova I, Laco J, Skapa P, Ryska A, Spisek R. Relevance of the chaperone-like protein calreticulin for the biological behavior and clinical outcome of cancer. Immunol Lett 2017; 193:25-34. [PMID: 29175313 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The death of cancer cells can be categorized as either immunogenic (ICD) or nonimmunogenic, depending on the initiating stimulus. The immunogenic processes of immunogenic cell death are mainly mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which include surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT), secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), release of non-histone chromatin protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the production of type I interferons (IFNs). DAMPs are recognized by various receptors that are expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and potentiate the presentation of tumor antigens to T lymphocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRT exposure constitutes one of the major checkpoints, that determines the immunogenicity of cell death both in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. Moreover, recent studies have identified CRT expression on tumor cells not only as a marker of ICD and active anti-tumor immune reactions but also as a major predictor of a better prognosis in various cancers. Here, we discuss the recent information on the CRT capacity to activate anticancer immune response as well as its prognostic and predictive role for the clinical outcome in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Fucikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kasikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Truxova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skapa
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.
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21
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Hanes MS, Moremen KW, Cummings RD. Biochemical characterization of functional domains of the chaperone Cosmc. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180242. [PMID: 28665962 PMCID: PMC5493369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cosmc is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone necessary for normal protein O-GalNAc glycosylation through regulation of T-synthase, its single client. Loss-of-function of Cosmc results in expression of the Tn antigen, which is associated with multiple human diseases including cancer. Despite intense interest in dysregulated expression of the Tn antigen, little is known about the structure and function of Cosmc, including domain organization, secondary structure, oligomerization, and co-factors. Limited proteolysis experiments show that Cosmc contains a structured N-terminal domain (CosmcΔ256), and biochemical characterization of CosmcΔ256 reveals wild type chaperone activity. Interestingly, CosmcE152K, which shows loss of function in vivo, exhibits wild type-like activity in vitro. Cosmc and CosmcE152K heterogeneously oligomerize and form monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric species, while CosmcΔ256 is predominantly monomeric as characterized by chemical crosslinking and blue native page electrophoresis. Additionally, Cosmc selectively binds divalent cations in thermal shift assays and metal binding is abrogated by the CosmcΔ256 truncation, and perturbed by the E152K mutation. Therefore, the N-terminal domain of Cosmc mediates T-synthase binding and chaperone function, whereas the C-terminal domain is necessary for oligomerization and metal binding. Our results provide new structure-function insight to Cosmc, indicate that Cosmc behaves as a modular protein and suggests points of modulation or regulation of in vivo chaperone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S. Hanes
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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22
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Migliaccio AR, Uversky VN. Dissecting physical structure of calreticulin, an intrinsically disordered Ca 2+-buffering chaperone from endoplasmic reticulum. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1617-1636. [PMID: 28504081 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1330224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a Ca2+ binding multifunctional protein that mostly resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plays a number of important roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Although the major functions ascribed to CALR are controlling the Ca2+ homeostasis in ER and acting as a lectin-like ER chaperon for many glycoproteins, this moonlighting protein can be found in various cellular compartments where it has many non-ER functions. To shed more light on the mechanisms underlying polyfunctionality of this moonlighting protein that can be found in different cellular compartments and that possesses a wide spectrum of unrelated biological activities, being able to interact with Ca2+ (and potentially other metal ions), RNA, oligosaccharides, and numerous proteins, we used a set of experimental and computational tools to evaluate the intrinsic disorder status of CALR and the role of calcium binding on structural properties and conformational stability of the full-length CALR and its isolated P- and C-domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Migliaccio
- a Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) , New York , NY , USA.,b Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences , Alma Mater University , Bologna , Italy
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- c Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute , Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA.,d Laboratory of New Methods in Biology , Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pushchino , Moscow Region 142290 , Russia
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23
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Wang G, Jiang Z, Yang N, Zhu D, Zhang M. Identification and characterization of a novel calreticulin involved in the immune response of the Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:251-259. [PMID: 28323215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional calcium-binding chaperone shared among vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, a novel CRT (CfCRT) was identified in the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA was composed of 1345 bp, which included a 1158 bp open reading frame, a 25 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and a 162 bp 3'-UTR. The predicted molecular mass of CfCRT was 44.8 kDa. CfCRT contained three highly conserved domains (N-, P- and C-domains) essential to the function of CRT. BLAST analysis revealed significant sequence similarity (73%-92%) with CRT proteins from other mollusks. The mRNA transcripts of CfCRT were present in all the tested tissues of Zhikong scallops, with the higher expression level in the hemocytes and mantle. After stimulation by Vibrio anguillarum, the mRNA transcript of CfCRT in hemocytes was significantly upregulated. Recombinant plasmid pBCRT was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant (r)CfCRT protein could bind to the surface of several bacteria including the Gram-negative bacteria V. anguillarum, E. coli, and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, rCfCRT was able to suppress their growth significantly. These results indicate that CfCRT might act as an immune effector in Zhikong scallop innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zengjie Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongfa Zhu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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Role of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane in Inflammation-Mediated Metabolic Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1851420. [PMID: 28074080 PMCID: PMC5198184 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1851420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to be one of the most critical factors involved in the development of complex metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. A few decades ago, the discovery of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) was followed by the identification of its roles in regulating cellular homeostatic processes, ranging from cellular bioenergetics to apoptosis. MAM provides an excellent platform for numerous signaling pathways; among them, inflammatory signaling pathways associated with MAM play a critical role in cellular defense during pathogenic infections and metabolic disorders. However, induction of MAM causes deleterious effects by amplifying mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation through increased calcium transfer from the ER to mitochondria, thereby causing mitochondrial damage and release of mitochondrial components into the cytosol as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These mitochondrial DAMPs rapidly activate MAM-resident inflammasome components and other inflammatory factors, which promote inflammasome complex formation and release of proinflammatory cytokines in pathological conditions. Long-term stimulation of the inflammasome instigates chronic inflammation, leading to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of MAM and its association with inflammation-mediated metabolic diseases.
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Lebeau P, Al-Hashimi A, Sood S, Lhoták Š, Yu P, Gyulay G, Paré G, Chen SRW, Trigatti B, Prat A, Seidah NG, Austin RC. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Ca2+ Depletion Differentially Modulate the Sterol Regulatory Protein PCSK9 to Control Lipid Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1510-1523. [PMID: 27909053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a mediator of impaired lipid metabolism, thereby contributing to fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Previous studies demonstrated that ER stress can activate the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP2), an ER-localized transcription factor that directly up-regulates sterol regulatory genes, including PCSK9 Given that PCSK9 contributes to atherosclerosis by targeting low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) degradation, this study investigates a novel mechanism by which ER stress plays a role in lipid metabolism by examining its ability to modulate PCSK9 expression. Herein, we demonstrate the existence of two independent effects of ER stress on PCSK9 expression and secretion. In cultured HuH7 and HepG2 cells, agents or conditions that cause ER Ca2+ depletion, including thapsigargin, induced SREBP2-dependent up-regulation of PCSK9 expression. In contrast, a significant reduction in the secreted form of PCSK9 protein was observed in the media from both thapsigargin- and tunicamycin (TM)-treated HuH7 cells, mouse primary hepatocytes, and in the plasma of TM-treated C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, TM significantly increased hepatic LDLR expression and reduced plasma LDL concentrations in mice. Based on these findings, we propose a model in which ER Ca2+ depletion promotes the activation of SREBP2 and subsequent transcription of PCSK9. However, conditions that cause ER stress regardless of their ability to dysregulate ER Ca2+ inhibit PCSK9 secretion, thereby reducing PCSK9-mediated LDLR degradation and promoting LDLR-dependent hepatic cholesterol uptake. Taken together, our studies provide evidence that the retention of PCSK9 in the ER may serve as a potential strategy for lowering LDL cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lebeau
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6
| | - Ali Al-Hashimi
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6
| | - Sudesh Sood
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6
| | - Šárka Lhoták
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6
| | - Pei Yu
- the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2.,the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8
| | - Gabriel Gyulay
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6
| | - Guillaume Paré
- the Population Health Research Institute and the Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, and
| | - Bernardo Trigatti
- the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2.,the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8
| | - Annik Prat
- the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- the Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, affiliated with the University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Hamilton Healthcare and Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, .,the Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2
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Wang G, Jiang Z, Zhang M, Yang N, Zhu D. Identification of a new calreticulin homolog from Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and its role in innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:108-115. [PMID: 27633681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional and highly conserved Ca2+-binding protein shared among vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, we cloned and characterized a CRT gene, PyCRT, from Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. The full-length cDNA of PyCRT was 1830 bp, including a 1242 bp open reading frame (ORF), a 29 bp 5'-untranslated region and a 559 bp 3'-untranslated region. PyCRT was consisted of three distinct structural and functional domains (N-, P- and C-domains), a signal peptide and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval signal sequence (HDEL). Tissue specific expression analysis showed that PyCRT was distributed widely in Yesso scallop, and was highly expressed in the mantle and hemocytes. After Vibrio anguillarum challenge, the expression of PyCRT in hemocytes had a significant increase and reached the maximum level at 12 h post-infection. We also demonstrated for the first time in mollusc that the recombinant PyCRT (rPyCRT) could bind to the Gram-negative bacterium V. anguillarum, Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Our results suggested that the CRT gene from Yesso scallop possessed immune-related regulatory functions in the innate immune system in scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zengjie Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongfa Zhu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Absence of the ER Cation Channel TMEM38B/TRIC-B Disrupts Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Dysregulates Collagen Synthesis in Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006156. [PMID: 27441836 PMCID: PMC4956114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is caused by defects in proteins involved in post-translational interactions with type I collagen. Recently, a novel form of moderately severe OI caused by null mutations in TMEM38B was identified. TMEM38B encodes the ER membrane monovalent cation channel, TRIC-B, proposed to counterbalance IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. The molecular mechanisms by which TMEM38B mutations cause OI are unknown. We identified 3 probands with recessive defects in TMEM38B. TRIC-B protein is undetectable in proband fibroblasts and osteoblasts, although reduced TMEM38B transcripts are present. TRIC-B deficiency causes impaired release of ER luminal Ca2+, associated with deficient store-operated calcium entry, although SERCA and IP3R have normal stability. Notably, steady state ER Ca2+ is unchanged in TRIC-B deficiency, supporting a role for TRIC-B in the kinetics of ER calcium depletion and recovery. The disturbed Ca2+ flux causes ER stress and increased BiP, and dysregulates synthesis of proband type I collagen at multiple steps. Collagen helical lysine hydroxylation is reduced, while telopeptide hydroxylation is increased, despite increased LH1 and decreased Ca2+-dependent FKBP65, respectively. Although PDI levels are maintained, procollagen chain assembly is delayed in proband cells. The resulting misfolded collagen is substantially retained in TRIC-B null cells, consistent with a 50–70% reduction in secreted collagen. Lower-stability forms of collagen that elude proteasomal degradation are not incorporated into extracellular matrix, which contains only normal stability collagen, resulting in matrix insufficiency. These data support a role for TRIC-B in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and demonstrate that absence of TMEM38B causes OI by dysregulation of calcium flux kinetics in the ER, impacting multiple collagen-specific chaperones and modifying enzymes. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder of connective tissues characterized by fracture susceptibility and growth deficiency. Most OI cases are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the genes encoding type I collagen, COL1A1 and COL1A2. Delineation of novel gene defects causing dominant and recessive forms of OI has led to the understanding that the bone pathology results not only from abnormalities in type I collagen quantity and primary structure, but also from defects in post-translational modification, folding, intracellular transport and extracellular matrix incorporation. Recently, mutations in TMEM38B, which encodes the integral ER membrane K+ channel TRIC-B, have been identified as causative for the OI phenotype. However, the mechanism by which absence of TRIC-B causes OI has not been reported. Using cell lines established from three independent probands, we have demonstrated that absence of TRIC-B leads to abnormal ER Ca2+ flux and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), although ER steady state Ca2+ is normal. Disruption of intracellular calcium dynamics alters the expression and activity of multiple collagen interacting chaperones and modifying enzymes within the ER. Thus TRIC-B deficiency causes OI by dysregulation of collagen synthesis, through the impairment of calcium-dependent gene expression and protein-protein interactions within the ER.
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Lu XJ, Zhang XL, Mei M, Liu GL, Ma BB. Proteomic analysis of Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch seed germination. J Proteomics 2016; 133:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Okudera M, Gojoubori T, Tsujino I, Asano M. Effect of ionomycin on interaction of calnexin with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is cell type-specific. J Oral Sci 2015; 57:305-12. [PMID: 26666853 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that induces release of calcium ions (Ca(2+)) from cellular storage to cytoplasm and Ca(2+) influx from the outside of the cell. We investigated the effect of ionomycin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport in the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) system. Ionomycin inhibited transport of VSV-G in a concentration-dependent manner in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and HeLa cells. Half-maximum inhibition was observed at 5 μM. The inhibitory effect of ionomycin was not dependent on the cytoplasmic portion. Chelation of Ca(2+) in culture medium did not affect transport efficiency, but co-incubation with ionomycin completely shut off transport. These findings highlight the importance of Ca(2+) release from cellular storage. Because the inhibitory effect of ionomycin was expected to be dependent on mutual interaction of VSV-G and the ER chaperone calnexin, we further investigated interaction kinetics. In HeLa cells but not BHK cells the interaction of VSV-G and calnexin was prolonged in the presence of ionomycin. Taken together, the present results indicate that, by releasing Ca(2+) from cellular storage, ionomycin inhibits ER-Golgi transport by interfering with the release of VSV-G from calnexin in HeLa cells. A mechanism of cell type-dependent ER-Golgi transport regulation was revealed.
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Fernández I, Vijayakumar P, Marques C, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ, Laizé V. Zebrafish vitamin K epoxide reductases: expression in vivo, along extracellular matrix mineralization and under phylloquinone and warfarin in vitro exposure. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:745-759. [PMID: 25792234 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) acts as a cofactor driving the biological activation of VK-dependent proteins and conferring calcium-binding properties to them. As a result, VK is converted into VK epoxide, which must be recycled by VK epoxide reductases (Vkors) before it can be reused. Although VK has been shown to play a central role in fish development, particularly during skeletogenesis, pathways underlying VK actions are poorly understood, while good and reliable molecular markers for VK cycle/homeostasis are still lacking in fish. In the present work, expression of 2 zebrafish vkor genes was characterized along larval development and in adult tissues through qPCR analysis. Zebrafish cell line ZFB1 was used to evaluate in vitro regulation of vkors and other VK cycle-related genes during mineralization and upon 24 h exposure to 0.16 and 0.8 µM phylloquinone (VK1), 0.032 µM warfarin, or a combination of both molecules. Results showed that zebrafish vkors are differentially expressed during larval development, in adult tissues, and during cell differentiation/mineralization processes. Further, several VK cycle intermediates were differentially expressed in ZFB1 cells exposed to VK1 and/or warfarin. Present work provides data identifying different developmental stages and adult tissues where VK recycling is probably highly required, and shows how genes involved in VK cycle respond to VK nutritional status in skeletal cells. Expression of vkor genes can represent a reliable indicator to infer VK nutritional status in fish, while ZFB1 cells could represent a suitable in vitro tool to get insights into the mechanisms underlying VK action on fish bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal,
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Functional roles of calreticulin in cancer biology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:526524. [PMID: 25918716 PMCID: PMC4396016 DOI: 10.1155/2015/526524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin is a highly conserved endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein which participates in various cellular processes. It was first identified as a Ca2+-binding protein in 1974. Accumulated evidences indicate that calreticulin has great impacts for the development of different cancers and the effect of calreticulin on tumor formation and progression may depend on cell types and clinical stages. Cell surface calreticulin is considered as an “eat-me” signal and promotes phagocytic uptake of cancer cells by immune system. Moreover, several reports reveal that manipulation of calreticulin levels profoundly affects cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis as well as differentiation. In addition to immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, interactions between calreticulin and integrins have been described during cell adhesion, which is an essential process for cancer metastasis. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which connect extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeleton and trigger inside-out or outside-in signaling transduction. More and more evidences reveal that proteins binding to integrins might affect integrin-cytoskeleton interaction and therefore influence ability of cell adhesion. Here, we reviewed the biological roles of calreticulin and summarized the potential mechanisms of calreticulin in regulating mRNA stability and therefore contributed to cancer metastasis.
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Avezov E, Konno T, Zyryanova A, Chen W, Laine R, Crespillo-Casado A, Melo EP, Ushioda R, Nagata K, Kaminski CF, Harding HP, Ron D. Retarded PDI diffusion and a reductive shift in poise of the calcium depleted endoplasmic reticulum. BMC Biol 2015; 13:2. [PMID: 25575667 PMCID: PMC4316587 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-014-0112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal protein thiol redox balance resists dramatic variation in unfolded protein load imposed by diverse physiological challenges including compromise in the key upstream oxidases. Lumenal calcium depletion, incurred during normal cell signaling, stands out as a notable exception to this resilience, promoting a rapid and reversible shift towards a more reducing poise. Calcium depletion induced ER redox alterations are relevant to physiological conditions associated with calcium signaling, such as the response of pancreatic cells to secretagogues and neuronal activity. The core components of the ER redox machinery are well characterized; however, the molecular basis for the calcium-depletion induced shift in redox balance is presently obscure. Results In vitro, the core machinery for generating disulfides, consisting of ERO1 and the oxidizing protein disulfide isomerase, PDI1A, was indifferent to variation in calcium concentration within the physiological range. However, ER calcium depletion in vivo led to a selective 2.5-fold decline in PDI1A mobility, whereas the mobility of the reducing PDI family member, ERdj5 was unaffected. In vivo, fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements revealed that declining PDI1A mobility correlated with formation of a complex with the abundant ER chaperone calreticulin, whose mobility was also inhibited by calcium depletion and the calcium depletion-mediated reductive shift was attenuated in cells lacking calreticulin. Measurements with purified proteins confirmed that the PDI1A-calreticulin complex dissociated as Ca2+ concentrations approached those normally found in the ER lumen ([Ca2+]K0.5max = 190 μM). Conclusions Our findings suggest that selective sequestration of PDI1A in a calcium depletion-mediated complex with the abundant chaperone calreticulin attenuates the effective concentration of this major lumenal thiol oxidant, providing a plausible and simple mechanism for the observed shift in ER lumenal redox poise upon physiological calcium depletion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0112-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Avezov
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
| | - Tasuku Konno
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
| | - Alisa Zyryanova
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
| | - Weiyue Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK.
| | - Romain Laine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK.
| | - Ana Crespillo-Casado
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
| | - Eduardo Pinho Melo
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ryo Ushioda
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-Ku, Kyoto-City, 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-Ku, Kyoto-City, 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK.
| | - Heather P Harding
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
| | - David Ron
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom.
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Sakono M, Seko A, Takeda Y, Ito Y. PDI family protein ERp29 forms 1:1 complex with lectin chaperone calreticulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:27-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dar MA, Wahiduzzaman, Islam A, Hassan MI, Ahmad F. Purification and characterization of calreticulin: a Ca²⁺-binding chaperone from sheep kidney. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1771-83. [PMID: 25149453 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a molecular chaperone with a molecular mass of 46 kDa present in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This protein is primarily involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and Ca(2+) storage in the ER. CRT also plays a significant role in autoimmunity and cancer. This protein contains three distinct structural domains with specialized functions. Here, we are reporting a simple procedure for the purification of CRT from mammalian kidney. To isolate CRT, sheep kidney was crushed and kept for 12 h in the extraction buffer. The lysate was centrifuged, and supernatant was precipitated by ammonium sulphate. The precipitate of 90 % ammonium sulphate was extensively dialyzed and loaded on DEAE-Hi-Trap FF and Mono Q chromatography columns. The purity of CRT was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Finally, the protein was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight. The purified protein was further characterized for secondary structural elements using the far-UV circular dichroism measurements. Our purification procedure is fast and simple with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aasif Dar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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Gidalevitz T, Stevens F, Argon Y. Orchestration of secretory protein folding by ER chaperones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:2410-24. [PMID: 23507200 PMCID: PMC3729627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a major compartment of protein biogenesis in the cell, dedicated to production of secretory, membrane and organelle proteins. The secretome has distinct structural and post-translational characteristics, since folding in the ER occurs in an environment that is distinct in terms of its ionic composition, dynamics and requirements for quality control. The folding machinery in the ER therefore includes chaperones and folding enzymes that introduce, monitor and react to disulfide bonds, glycans, and fluctuations of luminal calcium. We describe the major chaperone networks in the lumen and discuss how they have distinct modes of operation that enable cells to accomplish highly efficient production of the secretome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Functional and structural diversity of endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Gidalevitz
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Drexel University, 418 Papadakis Integrated Science Bldg, 3245 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Yair Argon
- Division of Cell Pathology, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, , Phone: 267-426-5131, Fax: 267-426-5165)
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Mahmazi S, Parivar K, Rahnema M, Ohadi M. Calreticulin novel mutations in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-013-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lee JH, Kwon EJ, Kim DH. Calumenin has a role in the alleviation of ER stress in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:327-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Prell T, Lautenschläger J, Grosskreutz J. Calcium-dependent protein folding in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:132-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nagy T, Frank D, Kátai E, Yahiro RKK, Poór VS, Montskó G, Zrínyi Z, Kovács GL, Miseta A. Lithium induces ER stress and N-glycan modification in galactose-grown Jurkat cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70410. [PMID: 23894652 PMCID: PMC3718757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that lithium had a significant impact on Ca(2+) regulation and induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in yeast cells grown on galactose due to inhibition of phosphoglucomutase (PGM), however the exact mechanism has not been established yet. In this study, we analysed lithium's effect in galactose-fed cells to clarify whether these ER-related changes are the result of a relative hypoglycemic state. Furthermore, we investigated whether the alterations in galactose metabolism impact protein post-translational modifications. Thus, Jurkat cells were incubated in glucose or galactose containing media with or without lithium treatment. We found that galactose-fed and lithium treated cells showed better survivability than fasting cells. We also found higher UDP-Hexose and glycogen levels in these cells compared to fasting cells. On the other hand, the UPR (X-box binding protein 1 mRNA levels) of galactose-fed and lithium treated cells was even greater than in fasting cells. We also found increased amount of proteins that contained N-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine, similar to what was reported in fasting cells by a recent study. Our results demonstrate that lithium treatment of galactose-fed cells can induce stress responses similar to hypoglycemia, however cell survival is still secured by alternative pathways. We propose that clarifying this process might be an important addition toward the better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate ER-associated stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Frank
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Viktor S. Poór
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Montskó
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zita Zrínyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor L. Kovács
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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40
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Bravo R, Parra V, Gatica D, Rodriguez AE, Torrealba N, Paredes F, Wang ZV, Zorzano A, Hill JA, Jaimovich E, Quest AFG, Lavandero S. Endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response: dynamics and metabolic integration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 301:215-90. [PMID: 23317820 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407704-1.00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic intracellular organelle with multiple functions essential for cellular homeostasis, development, and stress responsiveness. In response to cellular stress, a well-established signaling cascade, the unfolded protein response (UPR), is activated. This intricate mechanism is an important means of re-establishing cellular homeostasis and alleviating the inciting stress. Now, emerging evidence has demonstrated that the UPR influences cellular metabolism through diverse mechanisms, including calcium and lipid transfer, raising the prospect of involvement of these processes in the pathogenesis of disease, including neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the distinct functions of the ER and UPR from a metabolic point of view, highlighting their association with prevalent pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bravo
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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41
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Bensellam M, Laybutt DR, Jonas JC. The molecular mechanisms of pancreatic β-cell glucotoxicity: recent findings and future research directions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 364:1-27. [PMID: 22885162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that regular physiological stimulation by glucose plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the β-cell differentiated phenotype. In contrast, prolonged or repeated exposure to elevated glucose concentrations both in vitro and in vivo exerts deleterious or toxic effects on the β-cell phenotype, a concept termed as glucotoxicity. Evidence indicates that the latter may greatly contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Through the activation of several mechanisms and signaling pathways, high glucose levels exert deleterious effects on β-cell function and survival and thereby, lead to the worsening of the disease over time. While the role of high glucose-induced β-cell overstimulation, oxidative stress, excessive Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) activation, and loss of differentiation in the alteration of the β-cell phenotype is well ascertained, at least in vitro and in animal models of type 2 diabetes, the role of other mechanisms such as inflammation, O-GlcNacylation, PKC activation, and amyloidogenesis requires further confirmation. On the other hand, protein glycation is an emerging mechanism that may play an important role in the glucotoxic deterioration of the β-cell phenotype. Finally, our recent evidence suggests that hypoxia may also be a new mechanism of β-cell glucotoxicity. Deciphering these molecular mechanisms of β-cell glucotoxicity is a mandatory first step toward the development of therapeutic strategies to protect β-cells and improve the functional β-cell mass in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bensellam
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Brussels, Belgium
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42
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Jansen G, Määttänen P, Denisov AY, Scarffe L, Schade B, Balghi H, Dejgaard K, Chen LY, Muller WJ, Gehring K, Thomas DY. An interaction map of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and foldases. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:710-23. [PMID: 22665516 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.016550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperones and foldases in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ensure correct protein folding. Extensive protein-protein interaction maps have defined the organization and function of many cellular complexes, but ER complexes are under-represented. Consequently, chaperone and foldase networks in the ER are largely uncharacterized. Using complementary ER-specific methods, we have mapped interactions between ER-lumenal chaperones and foldases and describe their organization in multiprotein complexes. We identify new functional chaperone modules, including interactions between protein-disulfide isomerases and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerases. We have examined in detail a novel ERp72-cyclophilin B complex that enhances the rate of folding of immunoglobulin G. Deletion analysis and NMR reveal a conserved surface of cyclophilin B that interacts with polyacidic stretches of ERp72 and GRp94. Mutagenesis within this highly charged surface region abrogates interactions with its chaperone partners and reveals a new mechanism of ER protein-protein interaction. This ability of cyclophilin B to interact with different partners using the same molecular surface suggests that ER-chaperone/foldase partnerships may switch depending on the needs of different substrates, illustrating the flexibility of multichaperone complexes of the ER folding machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Jansen
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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43
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Zhong J, Rao X, Xu JF, Yang P, Wang CY. The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in autoimmune-mediated beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:238980. [PMID: 22454627 PMCID: PMC3290823 DOI: 10.1155/2012/238980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Unlike type 2 diabetes which is caused by the loss of insulin sensitivity, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is manifested by the absolute deficiency of insulin secretion due to the loss of β mass by autoimmune response against β-cell self-antigens. Although significant advancement has been made in understanding the pathoetiology for type 1 diabetes, the exact mechanisms underlying autoimmune-mediated β-cell destruction, however, are yet to be fully addressed. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an essential role in autoimmune-mediated β-cell destruction. There is also evidence supporting that ER stress regulates the functionality of immune cells relevant to autoimmune progression during T1D development. In this paper, we intend to address the role of ER stress in autoimmune-mediated β-cell destruction during the course of type 1 diabetes. The potential implication of ER stress in modulating autoimmune response will be also discussed. We will further dissect the possible pathways implicated in the induction of ER stress and summarize the potential mechanisms underlying ER stress for mediation of β-cell destruction. A better understanding of the role for ER stress in T1D pathoetiology would have great potential aimed at developing effective therapeutic approaches for the prevention/intervention of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Zhong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, CA4098, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, 57 Ren-Ming Road, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- The Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, CA4098, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, 57 Ren-Ming Road, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, CA4098, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, CA4098, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Guangdong Medical College, 1 Xincheng Avenue, Dongguan 523808, China
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44
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Torres M, Encina G, Soto C, Hetz C. Abnormal calcium homeostasis and protein folding stress at the ER: A common factor in familial and infectious prion disorders. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:258-61. [PMID: 21980554 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.3.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion-related disorders (PrDs) are caused by the accumulation of a misfolded and protease-resistant form of the cellular prion, leading to neuronal dysfunction and massive neuronal loss. In humans, PrDs have distinct etiologies including sporadic, infectious and familial forms, which present common clinical features; however, the possible existence of common neuropathogenic events are not known. Several studies suggest that alterations in protein folding and quality control mechanisms at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are a common factor involved in PrDs. However, the mechanism underlying ER dysfunction in PrDs remains unknown. We have recently reported that alterations in ER calcium homeostasis are common pathological events observed in both infectious and familial PrD models. Perturbation in calcium homeostasis directly correlated with the occurrence of ER stress and higher susceptibility to protein folding stress. We envision a model where alterations in ER function are central and common events underlying prion pathogenesis, leading to general alterations on protein homeostasis networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Torres
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of Chile; Santiago, Chile
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45
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Antigny F, Norez C, Becq F, Vandebrouck C. CFTR and Ca Signaling in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:67. [PMID: 22046162 PMCID: PMC3200540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diverse physiological functions exerted by calcium signaling in living cells, its role in the regulation of protein biogenesis and trafficking remains incompletely understood. In cystic fibrosis (CF) disease the most common CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation, F508del-CFTR generates a misprocessed protein that is abnormally retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartment, rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and hence absent at the plasma membrane of CF epithelial cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that intracellular calcium signals consequent to activation of apical G-protein-coupled receptors by different agonists are increased in CF airway epithelia. Moreover, the regulation of various intracellular calcium storage compartments, such as ER is also abnormal in CF cells. Although the molecular mechanism at the origin of this increase remains puzzling in epithelial cells, the F508del-CFTR mutation is proposed to be the onset of abnormal Ca2+ influx linking the calcium signaling to CFTR pathobiology. This article reviews the relationships between CFTR and calcium signaling in the context of the genetic disease CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Antigny
- Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires, Université de Poitiers, CNRS Poitiers, France
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46
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Leung PTY, Wang Y, Mak SST, Ng WC, Leung KMY. Differential proteomic responses in hepatopancreas and adductor muscles of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis to stresses induced by cadmium and hydrogen peroxide. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 105:49-61. [PMID: 21684241 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the proteomic responses in the hepatopancreas and adductor muscle of a common biomonitor, Perna viridis after 14-day exposure to two model chemicals, cadmium (Cd; a toxic metal) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2); a pro-oxidant), using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with multivariate statistical analyses. Unique sets of tissue-specific protein expression signatures were revealed corresponding to the two treatment groups. In the hepatopancreas, 15 and 2 spots responded to Cd and H(2)O(2) treatments respectively. 6 and 7 spots were differentially expressed in the adductor muscle for Cd and H(2)O(2) treatments, respectively. 15 differentially expressed spots were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. These proteins are involved in glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, energy homeostasis, oxidative stress response, redox homeostasis and protein folding, heat-shock response, and muscle contraction modulation. This is the first time, to have demonstrated that Cd exposure not only leads to substantial oxidative stress but also results in endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatopancreas of the mussel. Such notable stress responses may be attributable to high Cd accumulation in this tissue. Our results suggested that investigations on these stress-associated protein changes could be used as a new and complementary approach in pollution monitoring by this popular biomonitor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla T Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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47
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Role of cysteine amino acid residues in calnexin. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 359:271-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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48
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Wiwanitkit V. Potential protein post-translational modification in ERp57: A phenotype marker for male fertility. J Hum Reprod Sci 2011; 3:146-7. [PMID: 21234177 PMCID: PMC3017332 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.74158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In protein expression, post-translational modification is an important process. It is also an important process in human reproductive science. ERp57 is a molecule that is mentioned for post-translational modification. ERp57 is a component of human sperm acrosome proteins. However, the data on post-translational modifications of ERp57 is limited. AIM: The aim of this work is to assess potential protein post-translational modifications in ERp57 protein. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A descriptive computational bioinformatics study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this work, potential protein post-translational modifications in ERp57 protein were assessed via a standard bioinformatics technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: There are three post-translational modifications within ERp57 from bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSION: This new knowledge can be useful for better realization on molecular process of male infertility.
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49
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Protein disulfide isomerase blocks CEBPA translation and is up-regulated during the unfolded protein response in AML. Blood 2011; 117:5931-40. [PMID: 21471526 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-304485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the myeloid key transcription factor CEBPA is a common event in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We previously reported that the chaperone calreticulin is activated in subgroups of AML patients and that calreticulin binds to the stem loop region of the CEBPA mRNA, thereby blocking CEBPA translation. In this study, we screened for additional CEBPA mRNA binding proteins and we identified protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein, to bind to the CEBPA mRNA stem loop region. We found that forced PDI expression in myeloid leukemic cells in fact blocked CEBPA translation, but not transcription, whereas abolishing PDI function restored CEBPA protein. In addition, PDI protein displayed direct physical interaction with calreticulin. Induction of ER stress in leukemic HL60 and U937 cells activated PDI expression, thereby decreasing CEBPA protein levels. Finally, leukemic cells from 25.4% of all AML patients displayed activation of the unfolded protein response as a marker for ER stress, and these patients also expressed significantly higher PDI levels. Our results indicate a novel role of PDI as a member of the ER stress-associated complex mediating blocked CEBPA translation and thereby suppressing myeloid differentiation in AML patients with activated unfolded protein response (UPR).
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50
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Wijeyesakere SJ, Gafni AA, Raghavan M. Calreticulin is a thermostable protein with distinct structural responses to different divalent cation environments. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8771-85. [PMID: 21177861 PMCID: PMC3058961 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.169193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is a soluble calcium-binding chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is also detected on the cell surface and in the cytosol. Calreticulin contains a single high affinity calcium-binding site within a globular domain and multiple low affinity sites within a C-terminal acidic region. We show that the secondary structure of calreticulin is remarkably thermostable at a given calcium concentration. Rather than corresponding to complete unfolding events, heat-induced structural transitions observed for calreticulin relate to tertiary structural changes that expose hydrophobic residues and reduce protein rigidity. The thermostability and the overall secondary structure content of calreticulin are impacted by the divalent cation environment, with the ER range of calcium concentrations enhancing stability, and calcium-depleting or high calcium environments reducing stability. Furthermore, magnesium competes with calcium for binding to calreticulin and reduces thermostability. The acidic domain of calreticulin is an important mediator of calcium-dependent changes in secondary structure content and thermostability. Together, these studies indicate interactions between the globular and acidic domains of calreticulin that are impacted by divalent cations. These interactions influence the structure and stability of calreticulin, and are likely to determine the multiple functional activities of calreticulin in different subcellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari A. Gafni
- Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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