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Chaudhari SB, Kumar A, Mankar VH, Banerjee S, Kumar D, Mubarak NM, Dehghani MH. Diverse role, structural trends, and applications of fluorinated sulphonamide compounds in agrochemical and pharmaceutical fields. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32434. [PMID: 38975170 PMCID: PMC11226812 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of fluorine's unique and complex properties has significantly increased over the past 20 years. Consequently, more sophisticated and innovative techniques have emerged to incorporate this feature into the design of potential drug candidates. In recent years, researchers have become interested in synthesizing fluoro-sulphonamide compounds to discover new chemical entities with distinct and unexpected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The fluorinated sulphonamide molecules have shown significant biomedical importance. Their potential is not limited to biomedical applications but also includes crop protection. The discovery of novel fluorine and Sulfur compounds has highlighted their importance in the chemical sector, particularly in the agrochemical and medicinal fields. Recently, several fluorinated sulphonamide derivatives have been developed and frequently used by agriculturalists to produce food for the growing global population. These molecules have also exhibited their potential in health by inhibiting various human diseases. In today's world, it is crucial to have a steady supply of innovative pharmaceutical and agrochemical molecules that are highly effective, less harmful to the environment, and affordable. This review summarizes the available information on the activity of Fluorine and Sulphonamide compounds, which have proven active in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals with excellent environmental and human health approaches. Moreover, it focuses on the current literature on the chemical structures, the application of fluorinated sulphonamide compounds against various pathological conditions, and their effectiveness in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar B. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Bio Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Viraj H. Mankar
- Department of Chemistry, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shaibal Banerjee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, (DU), Girinagar, Pune 411025, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Yan X. Redox signaling and skeletal muscle adaptation during aerobic exercise. iScience 2024; 27:109643. [PMID: 38650987 PMCID: PMC11033207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation is a fundamental physiological phenomenon related to oxygen-dependent metabolism, and skeletal muscle is mainly regarded as a primary site for oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have revealed the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the signaling process relating to muscle adaptation during exercise. To date, improving knowledge of redox signaling in modulating exercise adaptation has been the subject of comprehensive work and scientific inquiry. The primary aim of this review is to elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways aligned to RONS as activators of skeletal muscle adaptation and to further identify the interconnecting mechanisms controlling redox balance. We also discuss the RONS-mediated pathways during the muscle adaptive process, including mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle remodeling, vascular angiogenesis, neuron regeneration, and the role of exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Wealth Management, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 IED, UK
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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3
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Chirivi M, Contreras GA. Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function: a pathway to bovine metabolic stress. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38581064 PMCID: PMC10998405 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During the periparturient period, dairy cows exhibit negative energy balance due to limited appetite and increased energy requirements for lactogenesis. The delicate equilibrium between energy availability and expenditure puts cows in a state of metabolic stress characterized by excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissues (AT), increased production of reactive oxygen species, and immune cell dysfunction. Metabolic stress, especially in AT, increases the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Around parturition, cows are also susceptible to endotoxemia. Bacterial-derived toxins cause endotoxemia by promoting inflammatory processes and immune cell infiltration in different organs and systems while impacting metabolic function by altering lipolysis, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. In dairy cows, endotoxins enter the bloodstream after overcoming the defense mechanisms of the epithelial barriers, particularly during common periparturient conditions such as mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia, or after abrupt changes in the gut microbiome. In the bovine AT, endotoxins induce a pro-inflammatory response and stimulate lipolysis in AT, leading to the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. When excessive and protracted, endotoxin-induced lipolysis can impair adipocyte's insulin signaling pathways and lipid synthesis. Endotoxin exposure can also induce oxidative stress in AT through the production of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells and other cellular components. This review provides insights into endotoxins' impact on AT function, highlighting the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction, its connection with periparturient cows' disease risk, and the need to develop effective interventions to prevent and treat endotoxemia-related inflammatory conditions in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chirivi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Lakkadi A, Vuppala S, Nampally V, Kim J, Kim K, Jang J, Tigulla P. Development of novel chromones as antioxidant COX2 inhibitors: in vitro, QSAR, DFT, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2793-2808. [PMID: 37184132 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2212785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The chromone derivatives are playing a prominent role in many plant cycles, for instance, the regulation of growth, stimulation of oxygen uptake in plants, and essential food constituents with valuable pro-health properties. Determination of the antioxidant activity of these compounds is an interesting approach to drug design and development. The antioxidant activity of the novel fifteen chromone compounds was estimated by using a spectrophotometric Dichloro-5,6-dicyano 1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) assay method and the mechanism of antioxidant activity was discussed based on the Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The compounds showed significant antioxidant activity which was correlated to their molecular structure by considering various molecular descriptors. Further, by using regression analysis QSAR-modeled equation was proposed and it has shown a high correlation coefficient value (0.946. We perform molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations against the cyclooxygenase (COX2) enzyme to investigate the molecule's anti-inflammatory activity and stability of protein-ligand complexes. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed the compounds B3 and B8 were interacting with essential residues TYR385, HIS386, ASN382, TRP387, and HIS388 in the binding site that were crucial for optimizing heme and the resultant peroxidase and cyclooxygenase activities. The root mean square displacement and root mean square fluctuation plots revealed the stability of the B3-COX2 and B8-COX2 complexes. Based on our results, B3 and B8 compounds are considered as best antioxidants as well as COX2 inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunapriya Lakkadi
- Department of Chemistry, Bhavan's Vivekananda College of Science, Humanities & Commerce, Sainikpuri, Secunderabad, India
| | - Srimai Vuppala
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiduk Kim
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonkyung Jang
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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5
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Khan MZI, Khan D, Akbar MY, Wang H, Haq IU, Chen JZ. 3D-QSAR pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, MD simulations, in vitro and in vivo studies to identify potential anti-hyperplasia drugs. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300437. [PMID: 38403464 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated skin condition characterized by aberrant keratinocytes and cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to explore the FDA-approved drugs by 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model and evaluate their efficiency by in-silico, in vitro, and in vivo psoriasis animal model. A 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model was developed by utilizing HypoGen algorithm using the structural features of 48 diaryl derivatives with diverse molecular patterns. The model was validated by a test set of 27 compounds, by cost analysis method, and Fischer's randomization test. The correlation coefficient of the best model (Hypo2) was 0.9601 for the training set while it was 0.805 for the test set. The selected model was taken as a 3D query for the virtual screening of over 3000 FDA-approved drugs. Compounds mapped with the pharmacophore model were further screened through molecular docking. The hits that showed the best docking results were screened through in silico skin toxicity approach. Top five hits were selected for the MD simulation studies. Based on MD simulations results, the best two hit molecules, that is, ebastine (Ebs) and mebeverine (Mbv) were selected for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies performed in mice. TNF-α and COX pro-inflammatory mediators, biochemical assays, histopathological analyses, and immunohistochemistry observations confirmed the anti-inflammatory response of the selected drugs. Based on these findings, it appeared that Ebs can effectively treat psoriasis-like skin lesions and down-regulate inflammatory responses which was consistent with docking predictions and could potentially be employed for further research on inflammation-related skin illnesses such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dildar Khan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Akbar
- Computational Biology Lab, National Centre for Bioinformatics Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ihsan-Ul Haq
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Aliabadi A, Khanniri E, Mahboubi-Rabbani M, Bayanati M. Dual COX-2/15-LOX inhibitors: A new avenue in the prevention of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115866. [PMID: 37862815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Dual cyclooxygenase 2/15-lipoxygenase inhibitors constitute a valuable alternative to classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as well as preventing the cancer. Indeed, these latter present diverse side effects, which are reduced or absent in dual-acting agents. In this review, COX-2 and 15-LOX (15-lipoxygenase) pathways are first described in order to highlight the therapeutic interest of designing such compounds. Various structural families of dual inhibitors are illustrated. This study discloses various structural families of dual 15-LOX/COX-2 inhibitors, thus pave the way to design potentially-active anticancer agents with balanced dual inhibition of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aliabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Khanniri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahboubi-Rabbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Bayanati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Chahal S, Rani P, Kiran, Sindhu J, Joshi G, Ganesan A, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Mayank, Kumar P, Singh R, Negi A. Design and Development of COX-II Inhibitors: Current Scenario and Future Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17446-17498. [PMID: 37251190 PMCID: PMC10210234 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Innate inflammation beyond a threshold is a significant problem involved in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and many other chronic conditions. Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are key inflammatory markers as they catalyze prostaglandins production and are crucial for inflammation processes. While COX-I is constitutively expressed and is generally involved in "housekeeping" roles, the expression of the COX-II isoform is induced by the stimulation of different inflammatory cytokines and also promotes the further generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which affect the prognosis of various diseases. Hence, COX-II is considered an important therapeutic target for drug development against inflammation-related illnesses. Several selective COX-II inhibitors with safe gastric safety profiles features that do not cause gastrointestinal complications associated with classic anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed. Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence of cardiovascular side effects from COX-II inhibitors that resulted in the withdrawal of market-approved anti-COX-II drugs. This necessitates the development of COX-II inhibitors that not only exhibit inhibit potency but also are free of side effects. Probing the scaffold diversity of known inhibitors is vital to achieving this goal. A systematic review and discussion on the scaffold diversity of COX inhibitors are still limited. To address this gap, herein we present an overview of chemical structures and inhibitory activity of different scaffolds of known COX-II inhibitors. The insights from this article could be helpful in seeding the development of next-generation COX-II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Chahal
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Payal Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Kiran
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan
Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University, Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 249161, India
- Adjunct
Faculty at Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, 566/6, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- ArGan’sLab,
School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2G 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Mayank
- University
College of Pharmacy, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab 151302, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural
University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
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8
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Stotts C, Corrales-Medina VF, Rayner KJ. Pneumonia-Induced Inflammation, Resolution and Cardiovascular Disease: Causes, Consequences and Clinical Opportunities. Circ Res 2023; 132:751-774. [PMID: 36927184 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is inflammation in the lungs, which is usually caused by an infection. The symptoms of pneumonia can vary from mild to life-threatening, where severe illness is often observed in vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and those with preexisting health conditions. Vaccines have greatly reduced the burden of some of the most common causes of pneumonia, and the use of antimicrobials has greatly improved the survival to this infection. However, pneumonia survivors do not return to their preinfection health trajectories but instead experience an accelerated health decline with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms of this association are not well understood, but a persistent dysregulated inflammatory response post-pneumonia appears to play a central role. It is proposed that the inflammatory response during pneumonia is left unregulated and exacerbates atherosclerotic vascular disease, which ultimately leads to adverse cardiac events such as myocardial infarction. For this reason, there is a need to better understand the inflammatory cross talk between the lungs and the heart during and after pneumonia to develop therapeutics that focus on preventing pneumonia-associated cardiovascular events. This review will provide an overview of the known mechanisms of inflammation triggered during pneumonia and their relevance to the increased cardiovascular risk that follows this infection. We will also discuss opportunities for new clinical approaches leveraging strategies to promote inflammatory resolution pathways as a novel therapeutic target to reduce the risk of cardiac events post-pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Stotts
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R).,Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., V.F.C.-M.).,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R)
| | - Vicente F Corrales-Medina
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., V.F.C.-M.).,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (V.F.C-M).,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (V.F.C.-M)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R).,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (C.S., K.J.R)
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9
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Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, GC-MS Profiling and Molecular Docking Analyses of Non-Polar Extracts from Five Salsola Species. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genus Salsola (family Amaranthaceae) is one of the most prevailing genera in Saudi Arabia. Although several species were reported for their traditional uses, the majority of Salsola species still need to be phytochemically and biologically explored. The current study presents the GC-MS profiling as well as an in vitro investigation of the bioactivities of the n-hexane extracts from the five Salsola species: Salsola arabica, S. cyclophylla, S. imbricata, S. incanescens and S. villosa. Additionally, the compounds identified in the most active extracts were screened for their interaction with the active sites of cyclooxygenase enzyme isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2). GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane extracts from the five species resulted in the identification of 67 constituents. Oleic acid (75.57%), 1-octadecene (14.46%), cinnamaldehyde α-hexyl (57.15%), octacosyl heptafluorobutyrate (25.36%) and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (26.15%) represent the major constituents in S. arabica, S. cyclophylla, S. imbricata, S. inscanescence and S. villosa, respectively. Results of bioactivity testing highlighted S. villosa as having the highest anti-oxidant activity (IC50 0.99 ± 0.05 mg/mL), which was closely followed by S. cyclophylla (IC50 1.36 ± 0.06 mg/mL) compared to the IC50 of 0.16 ± 0.01 mg/mL recorded by ascorbic acid. S. villosa was further noted for having the strongest COX-2 inhibitory activity (IC50 4.6 ± 0.13 µg/mL) among the tested extracts followed by S. arabica (IC50 13.1 ± 0.37 µg/mL) and S. cyclophylla (IC50 20.1 ± 0.57 µg/mL). On the other hand, S. imbricata extract displayed the most characteristic inhibition activity against COX-1 (IC50 10.2 ± 0.52 µg/mL), which was non-significant from the standard drug celecoxib. Based upon bioactivity results, the phytoconstituents identified in S. villosa and S. imbricata extracts were investigated for their capability to interact with the active sites of both cyclooxygenase enzyme isoforms adopting molecular docking. Results indicated the possibility to incorporate the compounds to active sites of the enzymes where some of them bind with their polar end into the cavity beyond Arg120 and their aliphatic chain oriented to the catalytically important Tyr385 similar to the natural substrate arachidonic acid, indicating that they could be promising candidates for the future development of selective COX inhibitors.
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10
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Koca M, Anıl B, Nişancı B, Bayır Y, Ercan Z, Özakar E. Synthesis of New Ester Derivatives of Salicylic Acid and Evaluation of Their COX Inhibitory Potential. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200509. [PMID: 36514919 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid is an NSAID with serious side effects on the GIS. The side effects of salicylic acid on the GIS are slightly reduced by acetylating salicylic acid. 12 new ester analogs of salicylic acid were synthesized with high yields in this study. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and HRMS spectra. The inhibitory potential of the compounds was evaluated on COXs by in vitro and in silico studies. The COX2 inhibitory activity of the most potent inhibitor MEST1 (IC50 : 0.048 μM) was found to be much higher than the COX2 inhibitory activity of aspirin (IC50 : 2.60 μM). In docking studies, the strongest inhibitor among the compounds synthesized was predicted to be MEST1, with the lowest binding energy. Docking studies revealed that MEST1 extends from the hydrophobic channel to the top of the cyclooxygenase active site, forming various interactions with residues in the binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Koca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Barış Anıl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Bilal Nişancı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Yasin Bayır
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ercan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Emrah Özakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
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11
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Teshima T, Funai R, Nakazawa T, Ito J, Utsumi T, Kakumyan P, Mukai H, Yoshiga T, Murakami R, Nakagawa K, Honda Y, Matsui K. Coprinopsis cinerea dioxygenase is an oxygenase forming 10(S)-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid, essential for mushroom alcohol, 1-octen-3-ol synthesis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102507. [PMID: 36122804 PMCID: PMC9579011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Octen-3-ol is a volatile oxylipin found ubiquitously in Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The biosynthetic pathway forming 1-octen-3-ol from linoleic acid via the linoleic acid 10(S)-hydroperoxide was characterized 40 years ago in mushrooms, yet the enzymes involved are not identified. The dioxygenase 1 and 2 genes (Ccdox1 and Ccdox2) in the mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea contain an N-terminal cyclooxygenase-like heme peroxidase domain and a C-terminal cytochrome P450-related domain. Herein, we show that recombinant CcDOX1 is responsible for dioxygenation of linoleic acid to form the 10(S)-hydroperoxide, the first step in 1-octen-3-ol synthesis, whereas CcDOX2 conceivably forms linoleate 8-hydroperoxide. We demonstrate that knockout of the Ccdox1 gene suppressed 1-octen-3-ol synthesis, although added linoleic acid 10(S)-hydroperoxide was still efficiently converted. The P450-related domain of CcDOX1 lacks the characteristic Cys heme ligand and the evidence indicates that a second uncharacterized enzyme converts the 10(S)-hydroperoxide to 1-octen-3-ol. Additionally, we determined the gene knockout strain (ΔCcdox1) was less attractive to fruit fly larvae, while the feeding behavior of fungus gnats on ΔCcdox1 mycelia showed little difference from that on the mycelia of the wild-type strain. The proliferation of fungivorous nematodes on ΔCcdox1 mycelia was similar to or slightly worse than that on wild-type mycelia. Thus, 1-octen-3-ol seems to be an attractive compound involved in emitter-receiver ecological communication in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Teshima
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Risa Funai
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takehito Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Utsumi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Hiromi Mukai
- Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Yoshiga
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Murakami
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
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12
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Chenicheri S, Ramachandran R, Rajamanikam U. Antimicrobial effects of hydroxyapatite mosaicked polyvinyl alcohol-alginate semi-interpenetrating hydrogel-loaded with ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra against oral pathogens. Prog Biomater 2022; 11:373-383. [PMID: 35969367 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) elicits protective effects against periodontal diseases. However, the sustained bioavailability of GG extract at therapeutic concentration warrants ideal delivery vehicles. Present study has focused on the design, fabrication, and evaluations of ethanolic-crude extract of GG-loaded semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) hydrogel (HAAPS-GG) using alginic acid and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel mosaicked with HA for periodontal regeneration. The study has examined the performance of the hydrogel against the selected oral pathogens S. mutans, E. faecalis, L. acidophilus and C. albicans. HAAPS-GG was successfully fabricated and the surface functional groups were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. HAAPS-GG displayed interconnecting pores, hydrophilicity and excellent water profile contributing to the biocompatibility as evident from direct contact and MTT assay in L929 fibroblasts. The hydrogel was mechanically stable and was immunocompatible owing to the relatively decreased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators COX2, 5LPO, iNOS and MPO in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, the transcript analysis on RAW 264.7 revealed the down-regulation of inflammatory transcription factor NF-κβ and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Importantly, HAAPS-GG arrested the progression of periodontal pathogens predominantly S. mutans, and C. albicans as evident by disc diffusion assay, MTT assay and confocal microscopy. Overall, the HAAPS-GG system offers promising translational avenues in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Chenicheri
- Department of Microbiology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvanathapuram, 695028, Kerala, India.
- Biomaterial Divisions, Centre for Research in Molecular and Applied Sciences (CRMAS), Thiruvanathapuram, 695006, Kerala, India.
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Biomaterial Divisions, Centre for Research in Molecular and Applied Sciences (CRMAS), Thiruvanathapuram, 695006, Kerala, India
| | - Usha Rajamanikam
- Karpagam Academy for Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamilnadu, India
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13
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Wang C, Zhang X, Luo L, Luo Y, Wu D, Spilca D, Le Q, Yang X, Alvarez K, Hines WC, Yang XO, Liu M. COX-2 Deficiency Promotes White Adipogenesis via PGE2-Mediated Paracrine Mechanism and Exacerbates Diet-Induced Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:1819. [PMID: 35681514 PMCID: PMC9180646 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a critical role in regulating innate immunity and metabolism by producing prostaglandins (PGs) and other lipid mediators. However, the implication of adipose COX-2 in obesity remains largely unknown. Using adipocyte-specific COX-2 knockout (KO) mice, we showed that depleting COX-2 in adipocytes promoted white adipose tissue development accompanied with increased size and number of adipocytes and predisposed diet-induced adiposity, obesity, and insulin resistance. The increased size and number of adipocytes by COX-2 KO were reversed by the treatment of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) but not PGI2 and PGD2 during adipocyte differentiation. PGE2 suppresses PPARγ expression through the PKA pathway at the early phase of adipogenesis, and treatment of PGE2 or PKA activator isoproterenol diminished the increased lipid droplets in size and number in COX-2 KO primary adipocytes. Administration of PGE2 attenuated increased fat mass and fat percentage in COX-2 deficient mice. Taken together, our study demonstrated the suppressing effect of adipocyte COX-2 on adipogenesis and reveals that COX-2 restrains adipose tissue expansion via the PGE2-mediated paracrine mechanism and prevents the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.W.); (X.O.Y.)
| | - Dianna Spilca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Que Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Katelyn Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - William Curtis Hines
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (D.W.); (X.O.Y.)
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (C.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (D.S.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.); (K.A.); (W.C.H.)
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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14
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Younes R, LeBlanc CA, Hiram R. Evidence of Failed Resolution Mechanisms in Arrhythmogenic Inflammation, Fibrosis and Right Heart Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050720. [PMID: 35625647 PMCID: PMC9138906 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex program of active processes characterized by the well-orchestrated succession of an initiation and a resolution phase aiming to promote homeostasis. When the resolution of inflammation fails, the tissue undergoes an unresolved inflammatory status which, if it remains uncontrolled, can lead to chronic inflammatory disorders due to aggravation of structural damages, development of a fibrous area, and loss of function. Various human conditions show a typical unresolved inflammatory profile. Inflammatory diseases include cancer, neurodegenerative disease, asthma, right heart disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, or atrial fibrillation. New evidence has started to emerge on the role, including pro-resolution involvement of chemical mediators in the acute phase of inflammation. Although flourishing knowledge is available about the role of specialized pro-resolving mediators in neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, obesity, or hepatic fibrosis, little is known about their efficacy to combat inflammation-associated arrhythmogenic cardiac disorders. It has been shown that resolvins, including RvD1, RvE1, or Mar1, are bioactive mediators of resolution. Resolvins can stop neutrophil activation and infiltration, stimulate monocytes polarization into anti-inflammatory-M2-macrophages, and activate macrophage phagocytosis of inflammation-debris and neutrophils to promote efferocytosis and clearance. This review aims to discuss the paradigm of failed-resolution mechanisms (FRM) potentially promoting arrhythmogenicity in right heart disease-induced inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Younes
- Montreal Heart Institute (MHI), Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; (R.Y.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Charles-Alexandre LeBlanc
- Montreal Heart Institute (MHI), Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; (R.Y.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute (MHI), Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; (R.Y.); (C.-A.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-376-3330 (ext. 5015)
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15
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Renal tubular PAR2 promotes interstitial fibrosis by increasing inflammatory responses and EMT process. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:159-173. [PMID: 35334088 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is defined by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and is associated with a decreased kidney function. Increased inflammation and infiltration of inflammatory cells are the key features of renal fibrosis development; however, the mechanism of how inflammation starts is still un-known. Here, we show that the activation of epithelial Protease-activating receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling plays an important role in the initiation of inflammation via increased chemokine expression and inflammatory cell induction. In the adenine diet-induced renal fibrosis mouse model, PAR2 expression was significantly increased in the renal tubule region. Kidneys from PAR2-knockout mice were protected from adenine diet-induced renal fibrosis, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation. Using NRK52E kidney epithelial cells, we further elucidated the mechanisms underlying these processes. Activation of PAR2 signaling pathway by PAR2 agonist specifically increased the levels of chemokines, including MCP1 and MCP3, via the MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway attenuated PAR2 agonist-induced NF-κB activation, chemokine expression, and macrophage cell induction. Furthermore, PAR2 activation directly increased mesenchymal cell markers in epithelial cells. Taken together, we found that increased PAR2 expression and the PAR2/MAPK signaling pathway promote renal fibrosis by increasing the inflammatory responses and promoting EMT process.
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16
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Wang C, Zhang X, Luo L, Luo Y, Yang X, Ding X, Wang L, Le H, Feldman LER, Men X, Yan C, Huang W, Feng Y, Liu F, Yang XO, Liu M. Adipocyte-derived PGE2 is required for intermittent fasting-induced Treg proliferation and improvement of insulin sensitivity. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153755. [PMID: 35260536 PMCID: PMC8983131 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermittent fasting (IF) diet has profound benefits for diabetes prevention. However, the precise mechanisms underlying IF's beneficial effects remain poorly defined. Here, we show that the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that produces prostaglandins, are suppressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese humans. In addition, the expression of COX-2 in WAT is markedly upregulated by IF in obese mice. Adipocyte-specific depletion of COX-2 led to reduced fractions of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and a substantial decrease in the frequency of CD206+ macrophages, an increase in the abundance of γδT cells in WAT under normal chow diet conditions, and attenuation of IF-induced antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, despite a similar antiobesity effect in obese mice. Mechanistically, adipocyte-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promoted Treg proliferation through the CaMKII pathway in vitro and rescued Treg populations in adipose tissue in COX-2-deficient mice. Ultimately, inactivation of Tregs by neutralizing anti-CD25 diminished IF-elicited antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, and PGE2 restored the beneficial effects of IF in COX-2-KO mice. Collectively, our study reveals that adipocyte COX-2 is a key regulator of Treg proliferation and that adipocyte-derived PGE2 is essential for IF-elicited type 2 immune response and metabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Huyen Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lily Elizabeth R. Feldman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xuebo Men
- Baodi Clinical College of Tian Jin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cen Yan
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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17
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Tran-Guzman A, Culty M. Eicosanoid Biosynthesis in Male Reproductive Development: Effects of Perinatal Exposure to NSAIDs and Analgesic Drugs. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:842565. [PMID: 35295224 PMCID: PMC8915844 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.842565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing rates of infertility associated with declining sperm counts and quality, as well as increasing rates of testicular cancer are contemporary issues in the United States and abroad. These conditions are part of the Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome, which includes a variety of male reproductive disorders hypothesized to share a common origin based on disrupted testicular development during fetal and neonatal stages of life. Male reproductive development is a highly regulated and complex process that relies on an intricate coordination between germ, Leydig, and Sertoli cells as well as other supporting cell types, to ensure proper spermatogenesis, testicular immune privilege, and endocrine function. The eicosanoid system has been reported to be involved in the regulation of fetal and neonatal germ cell development as well as overall testicular homeostasis. Moreover, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics with abilities to block eicosanoid synthesis by targeting either or both isoforms of cyclooxygenase enzymes, have been found to adversely affect male reproductive development. This review will explore the current body of knowledge on the involvement of the eicosanoid system in male reproductive development, as well as discuss adverse effects of NSAIDs and analgesic drugs administered perinatally, focusing on toxicities reported in the testis and on major testicular cell types. Rodent and epidemiological studies will be corroborated by findings in invertebrate models for a comprehensive report of the state of the field, and to add to our understanding of the potential long-term effects of NSAID and analgesic drug administration in infants.
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S. RK, Nagaraju D, M. SR, Rajanarendar E. Facile Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Anti‐inflammatory Activities of Novel Isoxazolyl imidazo[1,2‐
b
]isoxazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry Telangana University Nizamabad India
| | - Srinivas Reddy M.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vaageswari College of Pharmacy Thimmapur Karimnagar 505 527 (TS) India
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Savjani J, Variya B, Patel S, Mulamkattil S, Amin H, Butani S, Allam A, Ajarem J, Shah H. Drug Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Heterocyclic Molecules as Anti-Inflammatory Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041262. [PMID: 35209053 PMCID: PMC8876616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally utilized for numerous inflammatory ailments. The long-term utilization of NSAIDs prompts adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal ulceration, renal dysfunction and hepatotoxicity; however, selective COX-2 inhibitors prevent these adverse events. Various scientific approaches have been employed to identify safer COX-2 inhibitors, as in any case, a large portion of particular COX-2 inhibitors have been retracted from the market because of severe cardiovascular events. This study aimed to develop and synthesize a novel series of indomethacin analogues with potential anti-inflammatory properties and fewer side effects, wherein carboxylic acid moiety was substituted using DCC/DMAP coupling. This study incorporates the docking of various indomethacin analogues to detect the binding interactions with COX-2 protein (PDB ID: 3NT1). MD simulation was performed to measure the stability and flexibility of ligand–protein interactions at the atomic level, for which the top-scoring ligand–protein complex was selected. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for COX enzymes inhibition. Likewise, selected compounds were screened in vivo for anti-inflammatory potential using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method and their ulcerogenic potential. The acute toxicity of compounds was also predicted using in silico tools. Most of the compounds exhibited the potent inhibition of both COX enzymes; however, 3e and 3c showed the most potent COX-2 inhibition having IC50 0.34 µM and 1.39 µM, respectively. These compounds also demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory potential without ulcerogenic liability. The biological evaluation revealed that the compound substituted with 4-nitrophenyl was most active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignasa Savjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G.Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (B.V.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (H.A.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9824550737
| | - Bhavesh Variya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G.Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (B.V.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (H.A.); (S.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Snehal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G.Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (B.V.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (H.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Suja Mulamkattil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G.Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (B.V.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (H.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Harsh Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G.Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (B.V.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (H.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Shital Butani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G.Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India; (B.V.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (H.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt;
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Harsh Shah
- J-Star Research Inc., 6 Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA;
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Transcriptome of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in response to 2B protein of enterovirus-A71. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1765. [PMID: 35110649 PMCID: PMC8810792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) can cause hand-foot-mouth disease associated with fatal neurological complications. The host response to EV-A71 has not yet been fully elucidated, thus, hampering the development of a precise therapeutic approach. A nonstructural 2B protein of EV-A71 has been reported to involve with calcium dysregulation and apoptosis induction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. However, the molecular mechanism has not been delineated. To address this, comprehensive study of the gene expression from SH-SY5Y cells transfected with EV-A71 2B was carried out by RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis. It was found that the signature of the upregulated genes of SH-SY5Y cells expressing EV-A71 2B involved the Ca2+-related signaling pathways participating gene expression, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and long-term potentiation of the neuron. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that the products encoded by CCL2, RELB, BIRC3, and TNFRSF9 were the most significant hub proteins in the network. It indicated that EV-A71 2B protein might play a role in immunopathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) which probably associated with the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. The data suggest that transcriptomic profiling can provide novel information source for studying the neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 infection leading to development of an effective therapeutic measure for CNS complications.
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21
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Hoxha M. Arachidonic Acid Mediators and their Role in Neurological Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:106-107. [PMID: 35040395 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220103204515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Department for Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, 1000 Tirana, Albania
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22
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Synthesis and Structure-activity Relationship Study of 2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene Derivatives for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Inhibitory Activity, Prostaglandin E2 Release, and Wound Healing Effect. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Hamid I, Nadeem H, Ansari SF, Khiljee S, Abbasi I, Bukhari A, Arif M, Imran M. 2-Substituted Benzoxazoles as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In Vivo Anti-Ulcerogenic Studies. Med Chem 2021; 18:791-809. [PMID: 34931968 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666211220125344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the commonly used therapeutic interventions of inflammation and pain that competitively inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Several side effects like gastrointestinal and renal toxicities are associated with the use of these drugs. The therapeutic anti-inflammatory benefits of NSAIDs are produced by the inhibition of COX-2 enzymes, while undesirable side effects arise from the inhibition of COX-1 enzymes. OBJECTIVES In the present study, a new series of 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives 2(a-f) and 3(a-e) were synthesized in our lab as potent anti-inflammatory agents with outstanding gastro-protective potential. The new analogs 2(a-f) and 3(a-e) were designed depending upon the literature review to serve as ligands for the development of selective COX-2 inhibitors. METHODS The synthesized analogs were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for their binding potential in the protein pocket of COX-2 and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential in animals using the carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Further 5 compounds were selected to assess the in vivo anti-ulcerogenic activity in an ethanol-induced anti-ulcer rat model. RESULTS Five compounds (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b and 3c) exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and significant binding potential in the COX-2 protein pocket. Similarly, these five compounds demonstrated a significant gastro-protective effect (p<0.01) in comparison to the standard drug, Omeprazole. CONCLUSION Depending upon our results, we hypothesize that 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives have excellent potential to serve as candidates for the development of selective anti-inflammatory agents (COX-2 inhibitors). However, further assessments are required to delineate their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Hamid
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sameen Fatima Ansari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Khiljee
- Shahida Islam College of Pharmacy, Lodhran, Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Inzamam Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Bukhari
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muazzam Arif
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Pharmacy, Iqra University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Cox-2 Antagonizes the Protective Effect of Sevoflurane on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis through Inhibiting the Akt Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4114593. [PMID: 34917200 PMCID: PMC8670977 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To uncover the protective role of sevoflurane on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Methods An in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established in cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2. Sevoflurane (SEV) was administrated in H9c2 cells during the reoxygenation period. Viability, layered double hydroxide (LDH) release, and apoptosis in H9c2 cells were determined to assess H/R-induced cell damage. Relative levels of apoptosis-associated genes were examined. Moreover, phosphorylation of Akt was determined. Results H/R injury declined viability and enhanced LDH release and apoptotic rate in H9c2 cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) was upregulated following H/R injury, which was partially reversed by SEV treatment. In addition, SEV treatment reversed changes in viability and LDH release owing to H/R injury in H9c2 cells, which were further aggravated by overexpression of Cox-2. The Akt pathway was inhibited in H9c2 cells overexpressing Cox-2. Conclusions Sevoflurane protects cardiomyocyte damage following H/R via the Akt pathway, and its protective effect was abolished by overexpression of Cox-2.
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Sadik O, Schaffer D, Land W, Xue H, Yazgan I, Kafesçilere AK, Sungur M. A Bayesian Network Concept for Pain Assessment (Preprint). JMIR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.2196/35711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liu F, Sirisena S, Ng K. Efficacy of flavonoids on biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34842001 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2009761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy of flavonoids intake on key biomarkers related to Type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted. The mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was pooled using a random-effects model. Significant reduction in fasting glucose (MD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.09, p = 0.0013), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD: -0.26, 95% CI: -0.46 to -0.05, p = 0.021), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.66 to -0.15, p = 0.0039), triglyceride (TG) (MD: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.05, p = 0.002), total cholesterol (TC) (MD: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.08, p = 0.0002), and low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) (MD: -0.15; 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.07, p = 0.0009) were observed in intervention group compare to placebo at the end of trial. Moreover, flavonoid intake had negative but non-significant effect on insulin (MD: -0.46), 2 h-postprandial glucose (2 h-PPG) (MD: -0.22), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (MD: -2.81), and insignificantly increased high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) (MD: 0.03). In conclusion, flavonoid intake has modest but statistically significant benefits in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, especially for significantly lowing fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TG, TC, and LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanling Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sameera Sirisena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Zhou Y, Khan H, Xiao J, Cheang WS. Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12029. [PMID: 34769460 PMCID: PMC8584625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential fatty acid that is released by phospholipids in cell membranes and metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and lipid oxygenase (LOX) pathways to regulate complex cardiovascular function under physiological and pathological conditions. Various AA metabolites include prostaglandins, prostacyclin, thromboxanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. The AA metabolites play important and differential roles in the modulation of vascular tone, and cardiovascular complications including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction upon actions to different receptors and vascular beds. This article reviews the roles of AA metabolism in cardiovascular health and disease as well as their potential therapeutic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
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Youwakim J, Girouard H. Inflammation: A Mediator Between Hypertension and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1014-1030. [PMID: 34136907 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent and modifiable risk factor for stroke, vascular cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanistic link between hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases remains to be understood. Recent evidence indicates that inflammation is a common pathophysiological trait for both hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases. Low-grade chronic inflammation at the systemic and central nervous system levels is now recognized to contribute to the physiopathology of hypertension. This review speculates that inflammation represents a mediator between hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases, either by a decrease in cerebral blood flow or a disruption of the blood-brain barrier which will, in turn, let inflammatory cells and neurotoxic molecules enter the brain parenchyma. This may impact brain functions including cognition and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This review will thus discuss the relationship between hypertension, systemic inflammation, cerebrovascular functions, neuroinflammation, and brain dysfunctions. The potential clinical future of immunotherapies against hypertension and associated cerebrovascular risks will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Youwakim
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA); Montreal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Girouard
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage (CIRCA); Montreal, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériaterie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Lyu L, Wang R, Wen H, Li Y, Li J, Wang X, Yao Y, Li J, Qi X. Cyclooxygenases of ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii): Cloning, tissue distribution and potential role in mating and parturition. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110677. [PMID: 34653596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are a series of unsaturated fatty acids that play critical roles in regulating reproductive events. The prostaglandins endoperoxide H synthases-1/2 (PGHS-1/2; also named cyclooxygenases-1/2, COX-1/2) catalyse the commitment step in prostaglandin synthesis. However, the of the cox genes in teleosts, especially ovoviviparous teleosts, is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential role of cox genes in mating and parturition behaviour using black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) as a model species. Two transcripts, cox1 and cox2, were cloned. The phylogenetic analysis results revealed that both cox genes were closely related to mammalian coxs. qPCR analyses of their tissue distribution showed that cox1 was mainly expressed in the heart in both sexes, while cox2 was mainly expressed in the testis and ovary. Detection of cox expression in samples from reproductive-related stages further showed that both cox genes may play important roles in mating and parturition processes. In situ hybridization further detected positive cox mRNA signals in the testis and ovary, where they are known to be involved in mating and parturition behaviour. These data suggest that cox1 and cox2 are crucial in inducing mating, gonad regeneration and parturition behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yijia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Yoon SH, Cho DY, Choi SR, Lee JY, Choi DK, Kim E, Park JY. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Salicylic Acid Analogues of Celecoxib as a New Class of Selective Cyclooxygenase-1 Inhibitor. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1230-1238. [PMID: 34471051 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of salicylic acid analogues of celecoxib where the phenylsulfonamide moiety in the structure of celecoxib is replaced by salicylic acid moiety was synthesized and tested for in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition. Among the series, 5-substituted-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid analogues (7a-7h) generally showed better inhibitory activities on both enzymes than 4-substituted-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid analogues (12a-12h). In particular, the chloro analogue 7f which had the highest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.0057 µM) to COX-1 with excellent COX-1 selectivity (SI = 768) can be classified as a new potent and selective COX-1 inhibitor. The high inhibitory potency of 7f was rationalized through the docking simulation of this analogue in the active site of COX-1 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Konkuk University
| | - Seoung-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences and Integrated Bioscience, Konkuk University
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Molecular Science and Technology Research Center, Ajou University
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Tallima H. Clarification of Arachidonic Acid Metabolic Pathway Intricacies. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15559-15563. [PMID: 34179599 PMCID: PMC8223202 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surrounding inflammation activates phospholipase A2, which cleaves and releases arachidonic acid (ARA) from cell membranes. The four cis double bonds are instrumental in ARA susceptibility to oxidation, resulting in the generation of numerous bioactive metabolites of critical importance for the immune system, namely inflammation in response to pathogens, resolution of inflammation, wound healing, and mood and energy balance. The ARA metabolism steps are replete with intricacies, deterring researchers from identifying targets, which could be useful in modulating the synthesis of ARA metabolites toward exclusive protection of the host from pathogens, endogenous excessive danger signals, pain, inflammation, stress, and anxiety disorders. While ARA metabolic pathways are reasonably defined, it was deemed mandatory to fully clarify the flow and direction of protons, electrons, and oxygen atoms and the intricacies behind formation and breakage of double bonds and cyclic structures. This in-depth novel information will perfect the development of strategies and drugs aimed at counteracting inflammation and promoting healing.
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Yang C, Li P, Wang P, Zhu BT. Mechanism of reactivation of the peroxidase catalytic activity of human cyclooxygenases by reducing cosubstrate quercetin. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107941. [PMID: 34091174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier studies show that the peroxidase activity of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) can be reactivated in vitro and in vivo by the presence of certain naturally-occurring flavonoids such as quercetin and myricetin, which serve as reducing cosubstrates. These compounds can activate COX at nanomolar concentrations. In the present study, quercetin is used as a representative model compound to investigate the chemical mechanism by which the peroxidase activity of human COX-1 and COX-2 is reactivated after each catalytic cycle. Molecular docking and quantum mechanics calculations are carried out to probe the interactions of quercetin with the peroxidase sites of COX-1/2 and the reactivation mechanism. It is found that some of the partially-ionized states of quercetin can bind tightly and closely inside the peroxidase active sites of the COX enzymes and directly interact with heme Fe ion. While quercetin contains several phenolic hydroxyl groups, it is found that only the C-3'-OH group can effectively donate an electron for the reduction of heme because it not only can bind closely and tightly inside the peroxidase sites of COX-1/2, but it can also facilely donate an electron to heme Fe ion. This investigation provides a mechanistic explanation for the chemical process by which quercetin reactivates COX-1/2 peroxidases. This knowledge would aid in the rational design of drugs that can selectively target the peroxidase sites of COX-1/2 either as activators or inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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33
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Bai HW, Yang C, Wang P, Rao S, Zhu BT. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by blocking the reducing cosubstrate at the peroxidase site: Discovery of galangin as a novel cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174036. [PMID: 33737009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Earlier we have shown that certain flavonoids (e.g., quercetin) are high-affinity reducing cosubstrates for cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2. These compounds can bind inside the peroxidase active sites of COXs and donate an electron from one of their B-ring hydroxyl groups to hematin. Based on these earlier findings, it is postulated that some of the natural flavonoids such as galangin that are structural analogs of quercetin but lack the proper B-ring hydroxyl groups might function as novel inhibitors of COXs by blocking the effect of the reducing cosubstrates. This idea is tested in the present study. Computational docking analysis together with quantum chemistry calculation shows that galangin can bind inside the peroxidase active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 in a similar manner as quercetin, but it has little ability to effectively donate its electrons, thereby blocking the effect of the reducing cosubstrates like quercetin. Further experimental studies confirm that galangin can inhibit, both in vitro and in vivo, quercetin-mediated activation of the peroxidase activity of the COX-1/2 enzymes. The results of the present study demonstrate that galangin is a novel naturally-occurring inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, acting by blocking the function of the reducing cosubstrates at the peroxidase sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China; Present Address: Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Chengxi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Shun Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Yadav AK, Jang BC. Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Differentiating 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Pazopanib, a Multikinase Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094884. [PMID: 34063048 PMCID: PMC8125232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pazopanib is a multikinase inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. As of now, the anti-obesity effect and mode of action of pazopanib are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of pazopanib on lipid accumulation, lipolysis, and expression of inflammatory cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in differentiating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, a murine preadipocyte. Of note, pazopanib at 10 µM markedly decreased lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, pazopanib inhibited not only expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and perilipin A but also phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, pazopanib treatment increased phosphorylation of cAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream effector ACC during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. However, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, pazopanib treatment did not stimulate glycerol release and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation, hallmarks of lipolysis. Moreover, pazopanib could inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced expression of COX-2 in both 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated cells. In summary, this is the first report that pazopanib has strong anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects in 3T3-L1 cells, which are mediated through regulation of the expression and phosphorylation of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, STAT-3, ACC, perilipin A, AMPK, and COX-2.
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Bekheit MS, Mohamed HA, Abdel-Wahab BF, Fouad MA. Design and synthesis of new 1,4,5-trisubstituted triazole-bearing benzenesulphonamide moiety as selective COX-2 inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ashby JW, Mack JJ. Endothelial Control of Cerebral Blood Flow. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1906-1916. [PMID: 33713686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since constant perfusion of blood throughout the brain is critical for neuronal health, the regulation of cerebral blood flow is complex and highly controlled. This regulation is controlled, in part, by the cerebral endothelium. In this review, multiple modes of endothelium-derived blood flow regulation is discussed, including chemical control of vascular tone, heterotypic and homotypic cell-cell interactions, second messenger signaling, and cellular response to physical forces and inflammatory mediators. Because cerebral small vessel disease is often associated with endothelial dysfunction and a compromised blood-brain barrier, understanding the endothelial factors that regulate vessel function to maintain cerebral blood flow and prevent vascular permeability may provide insights into disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne W Ashby
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julia J Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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Gholizadeh E, Karbalaei R, Khaleghian A, Salimi M, Gilany K, Soliymani R, Tanoli Z, Rezadoost H, Baumann M, Jafari M, Tang J. Identification of Celecoxib-Targeted Proteins Using Label-Free Thermal Proteome Profiling on Rat Hippocampus. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:308-318. [PMID: 33632781 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib, or Celebrex, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is one of the most common medicines for treating inflammatory diseases. Recently, it has been shown that celecoxib is associated with implications in complex diseases, such as Alzheimer disease and cancer as well as with cardiovascular risk assessment and toxicity, suggesting that celecoxib may affect multiple unknown targets. In this project, we detected targets of celecoxib within the nervous system using a label-free thermal proteome profiling method. First, proteins of the rat hippocampus were treated with multiple drug concentrations and temperatures. Next, we separated the soluble proteins from the denatured and sedimented total protein load by ultracentrifugation. Subsequently, the soluble proteins were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to determine the identity of the celecoxib-targeted proteins based on structural changes by thermal stability variation of targeted proteins toward higher solubility in the higher temperatures. In the analysis of the soluble protein extract at 67°C, 44 proteins were uniquely detected in drug-treated samples out of all 478 identified proteins at this temperature. Ras-associated binding protein 4a, 1 out of these 44 proteins, has previously been reported as one of the celecoxib off targets in the rat central nervous system. Furthermore, we provide more molecular details through biomedical enrichment analysis to explore the potential role of all detected proteins in the biologic systems. We show that the determined proteins play a role in the signaling pathways related to neurodegenerative disease-and cancer pathways. Finally, we fill out molecular supporting evidence for using celecoxib toward the drug-repurposing approach by exploring drug targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study determined 44 off-target proteins of celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and one of the most common medicines for treating inflammatory diseases. It shows that these proteins play a role in the signaling pathways related to neurodegenerative disease and cancer pathways. Finally, the study provides molecular supporting evidence for using celecoxib toward the drug-repurposing approach by exploring drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Gholizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Reza Karbalaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Mona Salimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Ziaurrehman Tanoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Marc Baumann
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran (E.G., A.K.);Department of Psychology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.K.); Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran (M.S.); Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, and Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran (K.G.); Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology and HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility (R.S., M.B.), and Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (Z.T., M.J., J.T.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran (H.R.)
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Zhang JZ, Chen XY, Wu YJ, Li LM, Huang L, Yin QZ, Luo P, Liu Y. Identification of Active Compounds From Yi Nationality Herbal Formula Wosi Influencing COX-2 and VCAM-1 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:568585. [PMID: 33442381 PMCID: PMC7797783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yi nationality herbal formula Wosi is used in China as a folk medicine to treat arthritis and related diseases. Despite its widespread use, the active ingredients, and pharmacological mechanisms are not performed. This is the first time to identify the active compounds from Wosi with the aim at providing the potential effect of Wosi and exploring its underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism in monosodium urate crystals (MSU)-induced arthritis rats. In this study, anti-hyperuricemia effect was assessed by reducing the serum uric acid levels and increasing uric acid excretion in the urine for the hyperuricemia rat model. Wosi significantly suppressed the degree of joint swelling and improved the symptoms of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. The inhibition of IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6 secretion and IL-10 increase in the serum were also observed. This study also focuses on the screening of the main compounds from Wosi against cyclooxygenase for anti-inflammatory properties using molecular docking. The result showed 3-O-[α-L-pyran rhamnose(1-3)-β-D-pyran glucuronic acid]- oleanolic acid, 3-O-(β-D-pyran glucuronic acid)-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-pyran glucoside, and 3-O-[α-L-pyran rhamnose(1-3)-β-D-pyran glucuronic acid]-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-pyran glucoside with a higher binding affinity for COX-2 than COX-1 which indicated relatively higher interaction than COX-1. The preferential selectivity toward inhibiting COX-2 enzyme over COX-1 of three compounds from Wosi were evaluated using in-vitro cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1/2) inhibition assays. Meanwhile, the down-regulated protein expression of COX-2 and VCAM-1 in synovial tissue sections from ankle joints of experiments rats were confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis after the Wosi treatment. In conclusion, three oleanolic acid glycosides were implied as mainly efficient compounds in Yi nationality herbal formula Wosi for arthritis therapy via selectively influencing COX-2 and VCAM-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - You-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China
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40
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Obafemi CA, Adegbite OB, Fadare OA, Iwalewa EO, Omisore NO, Sanusi K, Yilmaz Y, Ceylan Ü. Tryptanthrin from microwave-assisted reduction of isatin using solid-state-supported sodium borohydride: DFT calculations, molecular docking and evaluation of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05756. [PMID: 33437886 PMCID: PMC7788106 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptanthrin is a potent natural alkaloid with good in vitro pharmacological properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of the compound via a new method involving the reduction of isatin with solid-state-supported sodium borohydride under microwave irradiation. The title compound has been tested for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that tryptanthrin dose dependently inhibits oedema and pain formation in all the models used. The agent also exhibited significant higher effects in its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities better than positive drugs (aspirin and indomethacin) being currently used in the treatment and in the management of acute and chronic forms of pain and inflammatory disorders. The inhibitory potential of the compound was investigated by molecular docking using the software AutoDock Vina. The docking results were used to better rationalize the action and prediction of the binding affinity of tryptanthrin. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G (2df, 2pd) level of theory showed that compared to ascorbic acid, tryptanthrin shows higher antioxidant activity which may be improved upon by functionalizing the aromatic core to enhance its solubility in polar solvents. The calculated electronic and thermodynamic properties obtained for tryptanthrin compete well with the standard ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Obafemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun B Adegbite
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olatomide A Fadare
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel O Iwalewa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan; Nigeria
| | - Nusrat O Omisore
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Sanusi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Yilmaz
- NT Vocational School, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ümit Ceylan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational High School Health Services, Giresun University, 28100, Giresun, Turkey
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41
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4-Methoxyphenyl (E)-3-(Furan-3-yl) Acrylate Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:106-111. [PMID: 32644321 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cordyceps extract exhibits antiproliferative potential in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In this study, we aimed to identify the active compounds in the Cordyceps extract and analyze their role in remodeling the arterial wall. On investigation, we discovered the following active compound: 4-methoxyphenyl (E)-3-(furan-3-yl) acrylate and synthesized it. We performed antiproliferation and antimigration assays in addition to an in vivo vessel wall remodeling experiment. Investigation of the mechanism adopted by the active compound to remodel the vessel was performed. The newly synthesized compound inhibited the proliferation and migration of SMCs. Treatment with the synthesized compound reduced neointima formation in the balloon-injured Sprague-Dawley rat model. In addition, this compound inhibited the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in type I collagen-activated SMCs. Moreover, this compound suppressed the expression of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) in SMCs. Therefore, this compound can exert potential antiarteriosclerotic effects by modulating vessel wall remodeling. In conclusion, the newly synthesized 4-methoxyphenyl (E)-3-(furan-3-yl) acrylate might be an alternative therapeutic intervention for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Ansarey SH. Inflammation and JNK's Role in Niacin-GPR109A Diminished Flushed Effect in Microglial and Neuronal Cells With Relevance to Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:771144. [PMID: 34916973 PMCID: PMC8668869 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.771144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric illness with no single definitive aetiology, making its treatment difficult. Antipsychotics are not fully effective because they treat psychosis rather than the cognitive or negative symptoms. Antipsychotics fail to alleviate symptoms when patients enter the chronic stage of illness. Topical application of niacin showed diminished skin flush in the majority of patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population who showed flushing. The niacin skin flush test is useful for identifying patients with schizophrenia at their ultra-high-risk stage, and understanding this pathology may introduce an effective treatment. This review aims to understand the pathology behind the diminished skin flush response, while linking it back to neurons and microglia. First, it suggests that there are altered proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, inflammatory imbalance, and kinase signalling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are associated with diminished flush. Second, genes from the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway were matched against the 128-loci genome wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia using GeneCards, suggesting that G-coupled receptor-109A (GPR109A) may have a genetic mutation, resulting in diminished flush. This review also suggests that there may be increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, which contributes to the diminished flush pathology. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers may induce microglial-activated neuronal death. Lastly, this review explores the role of JNK on pro-inflammatory mediators, proteins in the GPR109A-COX-prostaglandin pathway, microglial activation, and neuronal death. Inhibiting JNK may reverse the changes observed in the diminished flush response, which might make it a good therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H Ansarey
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Jiang S, Chen Z, Lai W, Mai Q, Chen D, Sun S, Zhang Y. Decoction of Heat-Clearing, Detoxifying and Blood Stasis Removing Relieves Acute Soft Tissue Injury via Modulating MiR-26b-5p/COX2 Axis to Inhibit Inflammation. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201981. [PMID: 33270831 PMCID: PMC7753743 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang, a heat-clearing and detoxifying decoction is beneficial to alleviation of inflammation-related diseases. The objective of this study is to uncover the effect and mechanism of heat-clearing, detoxifying and blood stasis removing decoction (HDBD) on the treatment of acute soft tissue injury (STI) which is characterized with excessive inflammatory cascade at the onset. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with hammer beating served as the in vivo models of acute STI. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used for histopathology assessment. The levels of inflammatory factors, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-αumTNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1t and IL-6 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human dermal microvascular endothelium cell line HMEC-1 and rat vascular endothelium cell line RAOEC were used to explore the mechanism in vitro. Luciferase gene reporter assay was applied to determine the relationship between miR-26b-5p and COX2. The results showed that HDBD intervention significantly reduced the temperature difference between the healthy side and affected side of rats with hammer beating, together with the decreased levels of COX2, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and the increased level of miR-26b-5p. In mechanism, miR-26b-5p targeted COX2 and decreased its expression, leading to significant decreases in the levels of PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 in RAOEC and HMEC-1 cells. In addition, miR-26b-5p inhibition impaired the effects of HDBD on the suppression of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in vitro. In conclusion, this study revealed that HDBD relieved acute STI via modulating miR-26b-5p/COX2 axis to inhibit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunwan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Wenqiang Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Qingchun Mai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Dayu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Shufen Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China
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44
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Heard CM. An ex vivo skin model to probe modulation of local cutaneous arachidonic acid inflammation pathway. J Biol Methods 2020; 7:e138. [PMID: 33204741 PMCID: PMC7666330 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2020.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for inexpensive and reliable means to determine the modulation of cutaneous inflammation. The method outlined in this article draws together a number of scientific techniques and makes use of generally unwanted biological tissues as a means of determining skin inflammation ex vivo, and focuses on probing aspects of the arachidonic acid inflammation pathway. Freshly excised skin contains elevated levels of short-lived inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and, under viable conditions, COX-2 and its eicosanoid products will continue to be produced until tissue necrosis, providing a window of time in which relative levels can be probed to determine exacerbation due to an upregulating factor or downregulation due the presence of an agent exerting anti-inflammatory activity. Ex vivo porcine skin, mounted in Franz diffusion cells, is dosed topically with the xenobiotic challenge and then techniques such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry can then be used to probe relative COX-2 levels on a semi-quantitative or qualitative level. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or LCMS can be used to determine relative prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) levels. Thus far, the technique has been used to examine the effects of topically applied anti-inflammatories (betamethasone, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and methotrexate), natural products (fish oil, Devil’s claw extract and pomegranate rind extract) and drug delivery vehicle (polyNIPAM nanogels). Topically applied xenobiotics that modulate factors such as COX-2 and PGE-2 must penetrate the intact skin, and this provides direct evidence of overcoming the "barrier function" of the stratum corneum in order to target the viable epidermis in sufficient levels to be able to elicit such effects. This system has particular potential as a pre-clinical screening tool for those working on the development of topical delivery systems, and has the additional advantage of being in line with 3 Rs philosophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Heard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3 NB Wales, United Kingdom
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45
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Taidi L, Maurady A, Britel MR. Molecular docking study and molecular dynamic simulation of human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with selected eutypoids. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1189-1204. [PMID: 32990169 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1823884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key factor linked to almost all chronic and degenerative diseases implicit with certain levels of pain. In studies, over the past few years, it has been discovered that prostaglandins are the main cause of this inflammation and therefore could be blocked. Although no steroidal medications can be effective, natural compounds may offer a safer and often an effective alternative treatment for pain relief, especially for long-term use. Hence to find out natural anti-inflammatory compounds, we have highlighted five important butenolides that are eutypoid A, B, C, D and E with structure similar to that of rofecoxib, by ADMET and druglikeness analysis, followed by molecular docking with human COX-2 enzyme. Molecular docking studies revealed the importance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid residues for the stability of the ligands and that eutypoids C and E are the best candidates for the synthetic drugs with binding energy of -10.39 kcal/mol and -9.87 kcal/mol, respectively. The resulting complexes were then subject to 50 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies with the GROMACS package to analyze the stability of docked protein-ligand complexes and to assess the fluctuation and conformational changes during protein-ligand interaction. From the RMSD, RMSF, number of hydrogen bonds, SASA, PCA and MM/PBSA binding free energy analysis, we have found that out of five selected compounds eutypoid E showed good binding free energy of -174.45 kJ/mol, which is also good in other structural analyses. This compound displayed excellent pharmacological and structural properties to be drug candidates.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Taidi
- Laboratory of Innovative Technology, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Amal Maurady
- Laboratory of Innovative Technology, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco.,Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Reda Britel
- Laboratory of Innovative Technology, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tangier, Morocco
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Yang C, Li P, Ding X, Sui HC, Rao S, Hsu CH, Leung WP, Cheng GJ, Wang P, Zhu BT. Mechanism for the reactivation of the peroxidase activity of human cyclooxygenases: investigation using phenol as a reducing cosubstrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15187. [PMID: 32938962 PMCID: PMC7494923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for many years that the peroxidase activity of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) can be reactivated in vitro by the presence of phenol, which serves as a reducing compound, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. In the present study, we use phenol as a model compound to investigate the mechanism by which the peroxidase activity of human COXs is reactivated after each catalytic cycle. Molecular docking and quantum mechanics calculations are carried out to probe the interaction of phenol with the peroxidase site of COXs and the reactivation mechanism. It is found that the oxygen atom associated with the Fe ion in the heme group (i.e., the complex of Fe ion and porphyrin) of COXs can be removed by addition of two protons. Following its removal, phenol can readily bind inside the peroxidase active sites of the COX enzymes, and directly interact with Fe in heme to facilitate electron transfer from phenol to heme. This investigation provides theoretical evidence for several intermediates formed in the COX peroxidase reactivation cycle, thereby unveiling mechanistic details that would aid in future rational design of drugs that target the peroxidase site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Hao Chen Sui
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Shun Rao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Chia-Hsiang Hsu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Wing-Por Leung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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47
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Liu GY, Moon SH, Jenkins CM, Sims HF, Guan S, Gross RW. A functional role for eicosanoid-lysophospholipids in activating monocyte signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12167-12180. [PMID: 32641497 PMCID: PMC7443508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, eicosanoid-lysophospholipids were identified as novel metabolites generated from the direct cyclooxygenase- or lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of 2-arachidonoyl-lysophospholipids produced from either phospholipase A1-mediated hydrolysis of diacyl arachidonoyl-phospholipids or through the cytochrome c-catalyzed oxidative hydrolysis of the vinyl ether linkage of arachidonoyl-plasmalogens. Although the metabolic pathways generating eicosanoid-lysophospholipids have been increasingly appreciated, the signaling functions of eicosanoid-lysophospholipids remain largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that 2-12(S)-HETE-lysophospholipids as well as nonesterified 12(S)-HETE are potent lipid mediators that activate THP-1 human monocytic cells to generate tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 8 (IL8). Remarkably, low nanomolar concentrations of 12(S)-HETE-lysophospholipids, but not other oxidized signaling lipids examined activated THP-1 cells resulting in the production of large amounts of TNFα. Moreover, TNFα release induced by 12(S)-HETE-lysophospholipids was inhibited by the TNFα converting enzyme inhibitor TAPI-0 indicating normal processing of TNFα in THP-1 cells stimulated with these agonists. Western blotting analyses revealed that 12(S)-HETE-lysophospholipids activated the phosphorylation of NFκB p65, suggesting activation of the canonical NFκB signaling pathway. Importantly, activation of THP-1 cells to release TNFα was stereoselective with 12(S)-HETE favored over 12(R)-HETE. Furthermore, the EC50 of 2-12(S)-HETE-lysophosphatidylcholine in activating THP-1 cells was 2.1 nm, whereas the EC50 of free 12(S)-HETE was 23 nm Additionally, lipid extracts of activated platelets were separated by RP-HPLC demonstrating the coelution of 12(S)-HETE with fractions initiating TNFα release. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potent signaling properties of 2-12(S)-HETE-lysophospholipids and 12(S)-HETE by their ability to release TNFα and activate NFκB signaling thereby revealing a previously unknown role of 2-12(S)-HETE-lysophospholipids in mediating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sung Ho Moon
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Harold F Sims
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shaoping Guan
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard W Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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48
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Bhuvaneswari K, Sivaguru P, Lalitha A. Synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and docking studies of some novel azo chromene derivatives. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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49
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Altowyan MS, Barakat A, Al-Majid AM, Al-Ghulikah H. Spiroindolone analogues bearing benzofuran moiety as a selective cyclooxygenase COX-1 with TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1208-1216. [PMID: 32346326 PMCID: PMC7182988 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To design and discover a new compound can used as a COX with TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors is highly challenge. A series of spiroindolone-bearing benzofuran moieties were resynthesized from the chalcone-based benzo[b]furan with substituted isatin, and amino acids. The requisite spiroindolone analogues were tested for their potential inhibitory activities against lipid metabolizing enzymes such as cyclooxygenase COX-1, COX-2, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α. Among the tested compounds, 5a, 5c, 5h, 5i, 5l, and 5p exhibited COX-1 inhibitor selectively with percent of inhibition 40.81-83.4% and IC50 values ranging from 20.42 µM to 38.24 µM. In addition, all the synthesized target compounds possessed lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α, and IL-6 expression with a varying degree of COX-1 inhibition. Compounds 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, and 5k markedly inhibited TNF-α, and IL-6 release in WI-38 fibroblast cells. Molecular docking of the most effective and highly selective compounds were investigated and shown important binding mechanisms which could affect pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines via the inhibition of COX-1, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mezna Saleh Altowyan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - H.A. Al-Ghulikah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Limited Proteolysis of Cyclooxygenase-2 Enhances Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093195. [PMID: 32366045 PMCID: PMC7246915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme has additional catalytic-independent functions. Here we show that COX-2 appears to be cleaved in mouse and human tumors, which led us to hypothesize that COX-2 proteolysis may play a role in cell proliferation. The data presented herein show that a K598R point mutation at the carboxyl-terminus of COX-2 causes the appearance of several COX-2 immunoreactive fragments in nuclear compartments, and significantly enhances cell proliferation. In contrast, insertion of additional mutations at the border of the membrane-binding and catalytic domains of K598R COX-2 blocks fragment formation and prevents the increase in proliferation. Transcriptomic analyses show that K598R COX-2 significantly affects the expression of genes involved in RNA metabolism, and subsequent proteomics suggest that it is associated with proteins that regulate mRNA processing. We observe a similar increase in proliferation by expressing just that catalytic domain of COX-2 (ΔNT- COX-2), which is completely devoid of catalytic activity in the absence of its other domains. Moreover, we show that the ΔNT- COX-2 protein also interacts in the nucleus with β-catenin, a central regulator of gene transcription. Together these data suggest that the cleavage products of COX-2 can affect cell proliferation by mechanisms that are independent of prostaglandin synthesis.
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