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Ma D, Yang M, Sun C, Cui X, Xiong G, Wang Q, Jing W, Chen H, Lv X, Liu S, Li T, Zhao Y, Han L. cGAS suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma independent of its cGAMP synthase activity. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:722-737. [PMID: 38594443 PMCID: PMC11164996 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a key innate immune sensor that recognizes cytosolic DNA to induce immune responses against invading pathogens. The role of cGAS is conventionally recognized as a nucleotidyltransferase to catalyze the synthesis of cGAMP upon recognition of cytosolic DNA, which leads to the activation of STING and production of type I/III interferon to fight against the pathogen. However, given that hepatocytes are lack of functional STING expression, it is intriguing to define the role of cGAS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the liver parenchymal cells derived malignancy. In this study, we revealed that cGAS was significantly downregulated in clinical HCC tissues, and its dysregulation contributed to the progression of HCC. We further identified cGAS as an immune tyrosine inhibitory motif (ITIM) containing protein, and demonstrated that cGAS inhibited the progression of HCC and increased the response of HCC to sorafenib treatment by suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway in cellular and animal models. Mechanistically, cGAS recruits SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) via ITIM, and dephosphorylates p85 in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which leads to the suppression of AKT-mTORC1 pathway. Thus, cGAS is identified as a novel tumor suppressor in HCC via its function independent of its conventional role as cGAMP synthase, which indicates a novel therapeutic strategy for advanced HCC by modulating cGAS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Caiyu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gaozhong Xiong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Weiqiang Jing
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqiang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shili Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunxue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lihui Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection & Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Fiske BE, Wemlinger SM, Crute BW, Getahun A. The Src-family kinase Lyn plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining B cell anergy by suppressing PI3K-dependent signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595208. [PMID: 38826354 PMCID: PMC11142063 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Although the Src family kinase (SFK) Lyn is known to be involved in induction and maintenance of peripheral B cell tolerance, the molecular basis of its action in this context remains unclear. This question has been approached using conventional as well as B cell-targeted knockouts of Lyn, with varied conclusions likely confused by collateral loss of Lyn functions in B cell and myeloid cell development and activation. Here we utilized a system in which Lyn gene deletion is tamoxifen inducible and B cell restricted. This system allows acute elimination of Lyn in B cells without off-target effects. This genetic tool was employed in conjunction with immunoglobulin transgenic mice in which peripheral B cells are autoreactive. DNA reactive Ars/A1 B cells require continuous inhibitory signaling, mediated by the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1 and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, to maintain an unresponsive (anergic) state. Here we show that Ars/A1 B cells require Lyn to establish and maintain B cell unresponsiveness. Lyn primarily functions by restricting PI3K-dependent signaling pathways. This Lyn-dependent mechanism complements the impact of reduced mIgM BCR expression to restrict BCR signaling in Ars/A1 B cells. Our findings suggest that a subset of autoreactive B cells requires Lyn to become anergic and that the autoimmunity associated with dysregulated Lyn function may, in part, be due to an inability of these autoreactive B cells to become tolerized.
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3
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Jaeger-Ruckstuhl CA, Lo Y, Fulton E, Waltner OG, Shabaneh TB, Simon S, Muthuraman PV, Correnti CE, Newsom OJ, Engstrom IA, Kanaan SB, Bhise SS, Peralta JMC, Ruff R, Price JP, Stull SM, Stevens AR, Bugos G, Kluesner MG, Voillet V, Muhunthan V, Morrish F, Olson JM, Gottardo R, Sarthy JF, Henikoff S, Sullivan LB, Furlan SN, Riddell SR. Signaling via a CD27-TRAF2-SHP-1 axis during naive T cell activation promotes memory-associated gene regulatory networks. Immunity 2024; 57:287-302.e12. [PMID: 38354704 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family member CD27 on naive CD8+ T (Tn) cells with homotrimeric CD70 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is necessary for T cell memory fate determination. Here, we examined CD27 signaling during Tn cell activation and differentiation. In conjunction with T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, ligation of CD27 by a synthetic trimeric CD70 ligand triggered CD27 internalization and degradation, suggesting active regulation of this signaling axis. Internalized CD27 recruited the signaling adaptor TRAF2 and the phosphatase SHP-1, thereby modulating TCR and CD28 signals. CD27-mediated modulation of TCR signals promoted transcription factor circuits that induced memory rather than effector associated gene programs, which are induced by CD28 costimulation. CD27-costimulated chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells exhibited improved tumor control compared with CD28-costimulated CAR-T cells. Thus, CD27 signaling during Tn cell activation promotes memory properties with relevance to T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Jaeger-Ruckstuhl
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Yun Lo
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Elena Fulton
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Olivia G Waltner
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tamer B Shabaneh
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sylvain Simon
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pranav V Muthuraman
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Colin E Correnti
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Oliver J Newsom
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ian A Engstrom
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sami B Kanaan
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shruti S Bhise
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jobelle M C Peralta
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Raymond Ruff
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jason P Price
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Sylvia M Stull
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew R Stevens
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Grace Bugos
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mitchell G Kluesner
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Valentin Voillet
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Vishaka Muhunthan
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fionnuala Morrish
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Raphaël Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Jay F Sarthy
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steven Henikoff
- Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Scott N Furlan
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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4
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Hou B, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Wang X, Li W, Tang J, Jia X, Wang J, Cong Y, Quan M, Yang H, Zheng H, Bao Y, Chen XL, Wang HR, Xu B, Gascoigne NRJ, Fu G. SHP-1 Regulates CD8+ T Cell Effector Function but Plays a Subtle Role with SHP-2 in T Cell Exhaustion Due to a Stage-Specific Nonredundant Functional Relay. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:397-409. [PMID: 38088801 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
SHP-1 (Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1) is a well-known negative regulator of T cells, whereas its close homolog SHP-2 is the long-recognized main signaling mediator of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway. However, recent studies have challenged the requirement of SHP-2 in PD-1 signaling, and follow-up studies further questioned the alternative idea that SHP-1 may replace SHP-2 in its absence. In this study, we systematically investigate the role of SHP-1 alone or jointly with SHP-2 in CD8+ T cells in a series of gene knockout mice. We show that although SHP-1 negatively regulates CD8+ T cell effector function during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, it is dispensable for CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic LCMV infection. Moreover, in contrast to the mortality of PD-1 knockout mice upon chronic LCMV infection, mice double deficient for SHP-1 and SHP-2 in CD8+ T cells survived without immunopathology. Importantly, CD8+ T cells lacking both phosphatases still differentiate into exhausted cells and respond to PD-1 blockade. Finally, we found that SHP-1 and SHP-2 suppressed effector CD8+ T cell expansion at the early and late stages, respectively, during chronic LCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minxue Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuzhou Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong-Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University; Xiamen, China
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5
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Hu B, Xin Y, Hu G, Li K, Tan Y. Fluid shear stress enhances natural killer cell's cytotoxicity toward circulating tumor cells through NKG2D-mediated mechanosensing. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036108. [PMID: 37575881 PMCID: PMC10423075 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells metastasize to distant organs mainly via hematogenous dissemination, in which circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are relatively vulnerable, and eliminating these cells has great potential to prevent metastasis. In vasculature, natural killer (NK) cells are the major effector lymphocytes for efficient killing of CTCs under fluid shear stress (FSS), which is an important mechanical cue in tumor metastasis. However, the influence of FSS on the cytotoxicity of NK cells against CTCs remains elusive. We report that the death rate of CTCs under both NK cells and FSS is much higher than the combined death induced by either NK cells or FSS, suggesting that FSS may enhance NK cell's cytotoxicity. This death increment is elicited by shear-induced NK activation and granzyme B entry into target cells rather than the death ligand TRAIL or secreted cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. When NK cells form conjugates with CTCs or adhere to MICA-coated substrates, NK cell activating receptor NKG2D can directly sense FSS to induce NK activation and degranulation. These findings reveal the promotive effect of FSS on NK cell's cytotoxicity toward CTCs, thus providing new insight into immune surveillance of CTCs within circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Youhua Tan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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6
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Tsay A, Wang JC. The Role of PIK3R1 in Metabolic Function and Insulin Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12665. [PMID: 37628845 PMCID: PMC10454413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PIK3R1 (also known as p85α) is a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). PI3K, a heterodimer of a regulatory subunit and a catalytic subunit, phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol into secondary signaling molecules involved in regulating metabolic homeostasis. PI3K converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3), which recruits protein kinase AKT to the inner leaflet of the cell membrane to be activated and to participate in various metabolic functions. PIK3R1 stabilizes and inhibits p110 catalytic activity and serves as an adaptor to interact with insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and growth factor receptors. Thus, mutations in PIK3R1 or altered expression of PIK3R1 could modulate the activity of PI3K and result in significant metabolic outcomes. Interestingly, recent studies also found PI3K-independent functions of PIK3R1. Overall, in this article, we will provide an updated review of the metabolic functions of PIK3R1 that includes studies of PIK3R1 in various metabolic tissues using animal models, the mechanisms modulating PIK3R1 activity, and studies on the mutations of human PIK3R1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Tsay
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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Mourragui SMC, Loog M, Vis DJ, Moore K, Manjon AG, van de Wiel MA, Reinders MJT, Wessels LFA. Predicting patient response with models trained on cell lines and patient-derived xenografts by nonlinear transfer learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106682118. [PMID: 34873056 PMCID: PMC8670522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106682118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models have been the workhorse of cancer research, producing massive amounts of drug response data. Unfortunately, translating response biomarkers derived from these datasets to human tumors has proven to be particularly challenging. To address this challenge, we developed TRANSACT, a computational framework that builds a consensus space to capture biological processes common to preclinical models and human tumors and exploits this space to construct drug response predictors that robustly transfer from preclinical models to human tumors. TRANSACT performs favorably compared to four competing approaches, including two deep learning approaches, on a set of 23 drug prediction challenges on The Cancer Genome Atlas and 226 metastatic tumors from the Hartwig Medical Foundation. We demonstrate that response predictions deliver a robust performance for a number of therapies of high clinical importance: platinum-based chemotherapies, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel. In contrast to other approaches, we demonstrate the interpretability of the TRANSACT predictors by correctly identifying known biomarkers of targeted therapies, and we propose potential mechanisms that mediate the resistance to two chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane M C Mourragui
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Loog
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Vis
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kat Moore
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G Manjon
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 0SR, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands;
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands
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8
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CLEC12B suppresses lung cancer progression by inducing SHP-1 expression and inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112914. [PMID: 34780782 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. CLEC12B, a C-type lectin-like receptor, is low-expressed in lung cancer tissues. However, the function of CLEC12B in lung cancer and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, an obvious down-regulation of CLEC12B was observed in lung cancer cells compared with the normal lung epithelial cells. CLEC12B over-expression suppressed cell viability and cell cycle entry in lung cancer, along with the reduction of PCNA and cyclin D1 expressions, while silencing CLEC12B possessed the opposite effects. Over-expression of CLEC12B promoted lung cancer cell apoptosis, accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9. Moreover, CLEC12B decreased phosphorylation of PI3K-p85 and AKT proteins. By contrast, CLEC12B knockdown activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, CLEC12B inhibited tumor growth in lung cancer, which can be reversed by CLEC12B inhibition. Co-IP and immunofluorescence assays confirmed the interaction between CLEC12B and SHP-1, and CLEC12B over-expression increased SHP-1 level. Furthermore, knocking down SHP-1 abrogated the above biological phenotypes caused by CLEC12B elevation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CLEC12B serves as a tumor-suppressing gene in lung cancer through positively regulating SHP-1 expression, which may be mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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9
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Hypoxia/ischemia impairs CD33 (Siglec-3)/TREM2 signaling: Potential role in Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105186. [PMID: 34530055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic and molecular studies have indicated that the innate immune system, especially microglia, have a crucial role in the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, the CD33 receptor, also called Siglec-3, inhibits the TREM2 receptor-induced phagocytic activity of microglia. CD33 receptors recognize the α2,3 and α2,6-linked sialic groups in tissue glycocalyx, especially sialylated gangliosides in human brain. The CD33 receptor triggers cell-type specific responses, e.g., in microglia, CD33 inhibits phagocytosis, whereas in natural killer cells, it inhibits the cytotoxic activity of the NKG2D receptor. Nonetheless, the regulation of the activity of CD33 receptor needs to be clarified. For example, it seems that hypoxia/ischemia, a potential cause of AD pathology, increases the expression of CD33 and its downstream target SHP-1, a tyrosine phosphatase which suppresses the phagocytosis driven by TREM2. Moreover, hypoxia/ischemia increases the deposition of sialylated gangliosides, e.g., GM1, GM2, GM3, and GD1, which are ligands for inhibitory CD33/Siglec-3 receptors. In addition, β-amyloid peptides bind to the sialylated gangliosides in raft-like clusters and subsequently these gangliosides act as seeds for the formation of β-amyloid plaques in AD pathology. It is known that senile plaques contain sialylated GM1, GM2, and GM3 gangliosides, i.e., the same species induced by hypoxia/ischemia treatment. Sialylated gangliosides in plaques might stimulate the CD33/Siglec-3 receptors of microglia and thus impede TREM2-driven phagocytosis. We propose that hypoxia/ischemia, e.g., via the accumulation of sialylated gangliosides, prevents the phagocytosis of β-amyloid deposits by inhibiting CD33/TREM2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, KYS, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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10
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Shi L, Bian Z, Kidder K, Liang H, Liu Y. Non-Lyn Src Family Kinases Activate SIRPα-SHP-1 to Inhibit PI3K-Akt2 and Dampen Proinflammatory Macrophage Polarization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1419-1427. [PMID: 34348974 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage functional plasticity plays a central role in responding to proinflammatory stimuli. The molecular basis underlying the dynamic phenotypic activation of macrophages, however, remains incompletely understood. In this article, we report that SIRPα is a chief negative regulator of proinflammatory macrophage polarization. In response to TLR agonists, proinflammatory cytokines, or canonical M1 stimulation, Src family kinases (SFK) excluding Lyn phosphorylate SIRPα ITIMs, leading to the preferential recruitment and activation of SHP-1, but not SHP-2. Solely extracellular ligation of SIRPα by CD47 does not greatly induce phosphorylation of SIRPα ITIMs, but it enhances proinflammatory stimuli-induced SIRPα phosphorylation. Examination of downstream signaling elicited by IFN-γ and TLR3/4/9 agonists found that SIRPα-activated SHP-1 moderately represses STAT1, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling but markedly inhibits Akt2, resulting in dampened proinflammatory cytokine production and expression of Ag presentation machinery. Pharmacological inhibition of SHP-1 or deficiency of SIRPα conversely attenuates SIRPα-mediated inhibition and, as such, augments macrophage proinflammatory polarization that in turn exacerbates proinflammation in mouse models of type I diabetes and peritonitis. Our results reveal an SFK-SIRPα-SHP-1 mechanism that fine-tunes macrophage proinflammatory phenotypic activation via inhibition of PI3K-Akt2, which controls the transcription and translation of proinflammatory cytokines, Ag presentation machinery, and other cellular programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zhen Bian
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Koby Kidder
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Program of Immunology and Molecular Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
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11
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Regulatory effects of IL-1β in the interaction of GBM and tumor-associated monocyte through VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174216. [PMID: 34058204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor with high inflammation. GBM cells infiltrate microglia and macrophages and are surrounded by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin (IL)-1β, which is abundantly expressed in the tumor microenvironment, is involved in tumor progression. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 mediate cell-cell interactions, and these cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) can be regulated by cytokines in immune cells or cancer cells in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. In this study, we found that ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was induced when GBM cells were treated with IL-1β, and that adhesive interaction between monocytes and GBM cells increased accordingly. The levels of soluble CAMs (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) were also increased in the supernatants induced by IL-1β. Furthermore, the conditioned media contained sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1, which further promoted IL-6 and CCL2 expression in differentiated macrophages. IL-1β downregulated Src homology 1 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) in GBM. The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was regulated by p38, AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways, which were modulated by SHP-1 signaling. The present study suggests that IL-1β-induced protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in GBM may modulate the adhesive interaction between GBM and monocytes. In addition, IL-1β also induced the soluble form of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in GBM, which plays a key role in the regulation of tumor-associated monocyte/macrophage polarization.
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12
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Runx proteins mediate protective immunity against Leishmania donovani infection by promoting CD40 expression on dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009136. [PMID: 33370418 PMCID: PMC7793297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of CD40 expression on dendritic cells (DCs) plays a decisive role in disease protection during Leishmania donovani (LD) infection. However, current understanding of the molecular regulation of CD40 expression remains elusive. Using molecular, cellular and functional approaches, we identified a role for Runx1 and Runx3 transcription factors in the regulation of CD40 expression in DCs. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or antileishmanial drug sodium antimony gluconate (SAG), both Runx1 and Runx3 translocated to the nucleus, bound to the CD40 promoter and upregulated CD40 expression on DCs. These activities of Runx proteins were mediated by the upstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. Notably, LD infection attenuated LPS- or TNFα-induced CD40 expression in DCs by inhibiting PI3K-Akt-Runx axis via protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. In contrast, CD40 expression induced by SAG was unaffected by LD infection, as SAG by blocking LD-induced SHP-1 activation potentiated PI3K-Akt signaling to drive Runx-mediated CD40 upregulation. Adoptive transfer experiments further showed that Runx1 and Runx3 play a pivotal role in eliciting antileishmanial immune response of SAG-treated DCs in vivo by promoting CD40-mediated type-1 T cell responses. Importantly, antimony-resistant LD suppressed SAG-induced CD40 upregulation on DCs by blocking the PI3K-Akt-Runx pathway through sustained SHP-1 activation. These findings unveil an immunoregulatory role for Runx proteins during LD infection.
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13
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Beyond the Cell Surface: Targeting Intracellular Negative Regulators to Enhance T cell Anti-Tumor Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235821. [PMID: 31756921 PMCID: PMC6929154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that extracellular proteins that negatively regulate T cell function, such as Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death protein 1 (PD-1), can be effectively targeted to enhance cancer immunotherapies and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR-T cells). Intracellular proteins that inhibit T cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction, though less well studied, are also potentially useful therapeutic targets to enhance T cell activity against tumor. Four major classes of enzymes that attenuate TCR signaling include E3 ubiquitin kinases such as the Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proteins (Cbl-b and c-Cbl), and Itchy (Itch), inhibitory tyrosine phosphatases, such as Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatases (SHP-1 and SHP-2), inhibitory protein kinases, such as C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), and inhibitory lipid kinases such as Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP) and Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs). This review describes the mechanism of action of eighteen intracellular inhibitory regulatory proteins in T cells within these four classes, and assesses their potential value as clinical targets to enhance the anti-tumor activity of endogenous T cells and CAR-T cells.
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14
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Guardiola-Serrano F, Beteta-Göbel R, Rodríguez-Lorca R, Ibarguren M, López DJ, Terés S, Alonso-Sande M, Higuera M, Torres M, Busquets X, Escribá PV. The triacylglycerol, hydroxytriolein, inhibits triple negative mammary breast cancer cell proliferation through a mechanism dependent on dihydroceramide and Akt. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2486-2507. [PMID: 31069012 PMCID: PMC6493458 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is an attractive target for new anticancer drugs, not least because regulating its lipid structure can control multiple signaling pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Accordingly, the novel anticancer drug hydroxytriolein (HTO) was designed to interact with and regulate the composition and structure of the membrane, which in turn controls the interaction of amphitropic signaling membrane proteins with the lipid bilayer. Changes in signaling provoked by HTO impair the growth of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, aggressive breast tumor cells that have a worse prognosis than other types of breast cancers and for which there is as yet no effective targeted therapy. HTO alters the lipid composition and structure of cancer cell membranes, inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 TNBC cells in vitro. Depending on the cellular context, HTO could regulate two pathways involved in TNBC cell proliferation. On the one hand, HTO might stimulate ERK signaling and induce TNBC cell autophagy, while on the other, it could increase dihydroceramide and ceramide production, which would inhibit Akt independently of EGFR activation and provoke cell death. In vivo studies using a model of human TNBC show that HTO and its fatty acid constituent (2-hydroxyoleic acid) impair tumor growth, with no undesired side effects. For these reasons, HTO appears to be a promising anticancer molecule that targets the lipid bilayer (membrane-lipid therapy). By regulating membrane lipids, HTO controls important signaling pathways involved in cancer cell growth, the basis of its pharmacological efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Guardiola-Serrano
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Roberto Beteta-Göbel
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodríguez-Lorca
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maitane Ibarguren
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - David J López
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Terés
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - María Alonso-Sande
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Mónica Higuera
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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15
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Farrar CS, Hocking DC. Assembly of fibronectin fibrils selectively attenuates platelet-derived growth factor-induced intracellular calcium release in fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18655-18666. [PMID: 30323067 PMCID: PMC6290149 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular responses to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are altered in a variety of pathological conditions, including cancers, fibroses, and vascular diseases, making PDGF-induced signaling pathways important therapeutic targets. The limited success of therapies designed to impact PDGF pathways may be overcome with a clearer understanding of how cells integrate signals from PDGF and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we assessed the effects of fibronectin matrix assembly on the responsiveness of mesenchymal cells to PDGF. Our results indicate that fibroblast-mediated assembly of fibronectin fibrils attenuates intracellular calcium release in response to PDGF. The dose-dependent inhibition of PDGF-induced intracellular calcium release was specific to the ECM form of fibronectin. Further, a recombinant protein engineered to mimic ECM fibronectin similarly attenuated intracellular calcium release in response to PDGF. Of note, fibronectin attenuated the PDGF-calcium signaling axis at the level of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. Interestingly, ECM fibronectin did not alter other intracellular signals activated by PDGF, including activation of PDGF receptor β, AKT Ser/Thr kinase, phospholipase Cγ1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Rather, fibronectin inhibited activation of the p55 regulatory subunit of PI3K in response to a variety of stimuli, indicating that ECM fibronectin selectively attenuates the intracellular calcium release cascade while leaving intact other PDGF signaling pathways. Selective regulation of calcium signaling by ECM fibronectin via the p55 regulatory subunit of PI3K represents a mechanism by which cells tune their response to PDGF and may therefore serve as a target to selectively regulate one branch of PDGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denise C Hocking
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering and
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642
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16
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The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib activates SHP-1 and induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e366. [PMID: 28798401 PMCID: PMC5579508 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains difficult to treat and urgently needs new therapeutic options. Nintedanib, a multikinase inhibitor, has exhibited efficacy in early clinical trials for HER2-negative breast cancer. In this study, we examined a new molecular mechanism of nintedanib in TNBC. The results demonstrated that nintedanib enhanced TNBC cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by a reduction of p-STAT3 and its downstream proteins. STAT3 overexpression suppressed nintedanib-mediated apoptosis and further increased the activity of purified SHP-1 protein. Moreover, treatment with either a specific inhibitor of SHP-1 or SHP-1-targeted siRNA reduced the apoptotic effects of nintedanib, which validates the role of SHP-1 in nintedanib-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, nintedanib-induced apoptosis was attenuated in TNBC cells expressing SHP-1 mutants with constantly open conformations, suggesting that the autoinhibitory mechanism of SHP-1 attenuated the effects of nintedanib. Importantly, nintedanib significantly inhibited tumor growth via the SHP-1/p-STAT3 pathway. Clinically, SHP-1 levels were downregulated, whereas p-STAT3 was upregulated in tumor tissues, and SHP-1 transcripts were associated with improved disease-free survival in TNBC patients. Our findings revealed that nintedanib induces TNBC apoptosis by acting as a SHP-1 agonist, suggesting that targeting STAT3 by enhancing SHP-1 expression could be a viable therapeutic strategy against TNBC.
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17
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Leblanc C, Langlois M, Coulombe G, Vaillancourt‐Lavigueur V, Jones C, Carrier JC, Boudreau F, Rivard N. Epithelial Src homology region 2 domain–containing phosphatase‐1 restrains intestinal growth, secretory cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. FASEB J 2017; 31:3512-3526. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601378r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leblanc
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie CellulaireFaculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Marie‐Josée Langlois
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie CellulaireFaculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Geneviève Coulombe
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie CellulaireFaculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Vanessa Vaillancourt‐Lavigueur
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie CellulaireFaculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Christine Jones
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie CellulaireFaculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Julie C. Carrier
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie CellulaireFaculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - François Boudreau
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie CellulaireFaculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie CellulaireFaculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la SantéUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
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18
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Mercadante ER, Lorenz UM. T Cells Deficient in the Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Resist Suppression by Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:129-137. [PMID: 28550200 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The balance between activation of T cells and their suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs) is dysregulated in autoimmune diseases and cancer. Autoimmune diseases feature T cells that are resistant to suppression by Tregs, whereas in cancer, T cells are unable to mount antitumor responses due to the Treg-enriched suppressive microenvironment. In this study, we observed that loss of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a negative regulator of TCR signaling, renders naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells resistant to Treg-mediated suppression in a T cell-intrinsic manner. At the intracellular level, SHP-1 controlled the extent of Akt activation, which has been linked to the induction of T cell resistance to Treg suppression. Finally, under conditions of homeostatic expansion, SHP-1-deficient CD4+ T cells resisted Treg suppression in vivo. Collectively, these data establish SHP-1 as a critical player in setting the threshold downstream of TCR signaling and identify a novel function of SHP-1 as a regulator of T cell susceptibility to Treg-mediated suppression in vitro and in vivo. Thus, SHP-1 could represent a potential novel immunotherapeutic target to modulate susceptibility of T cells to Treg suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Mercadante
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Abstract
The immense power of the immune system is harnessed in healthy individuals by a range of negative regulatory signals and checkpoints. Manipulating these checkpoints through inhibition has resulted in striking immune-mediated clearance of otherwise untreatable tumours and metastases; unfortunately, not all patients respond to treatment with the currently available inhibitors of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Combinatorial studies using both anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 demonstrate synergistic effects of targeting multiple checkpoints, paving the way for other immune checkpoints to be targeted. Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) is a widely expressed inhibitory protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). In T-cells, it is a negative regulator of antigen-dependent activation and proliferation. It is a cytosolic protein, and therefore not amenable to antibody-mediated therapies, but its role in activation and proliferation makes it an attractive target for genetic manipulation in adoptive transfer strategies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. This review will discuss the potential value of SHP-1 inhibition in future tumour immunotherapy.
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20
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Singh BK, Kambayashi T. The Immunomodulatory Functions of Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:96. [PMID: 27656643 PMCID: PMC5013040 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) is critical for promoting immune cell activation, regulation, and function. Diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ) serves as an important negative regulator of DAG by enzymatically converting DAG into phosphatidic acid (PA) to shut down DAG-mediated signaling. Consequently, the loss of DGKζ increases DAG levels and the duration of DAG-mediated signaling. However, while the enhancement of DAG signaling is thought to augment immune cell function, the loss of DGKζ can result in both immunoactivation and immunomodulation depending on the cell type and function. In this review, we discuss how different immune cell functions can be selectively modulated by DGKζ. Furthermore, we consider how targeting DGKζ can be potentially beneficial for the resolution of human diseases by either promoting immune responses important for protection against infection or cancer or dampening immune responses in immunopathologic conditions such as allergy and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenal K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Purity of transferred CD8(+) T cells is crucial for safety and efficacy of combinatorial tumor immunotherapy in the absence of SHP-1. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:802-8. [PMID: 27430370 PMCID: PMC5027373 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells is a promising advance in cancer therapy. Similarly, checkpoint inhibition has shown striking clinical results in some patients. Here we combine adoptive cell transfer with ablation of the checkpoint protein Src homology 2-domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1, Ptpn6). Naturally occurring motheaten mice lack SHP-1 and do not survive weaning due to extensive immunopathology. To circumvent this limitation, we created a novel SHP-1null mouse that is viable up to 12 weeks of age by knocking out IL1r1. Using this model, we demonstrate that the absence of SHP-1 augments the ability of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells to control tumor growth. This therapeutic effect was only observed in situations where T-cell numbers were limited, analogous to clinical settings. However, adoptive transfer of non-CD8+ SHP-1null hematopoietic cells resulted in lethal motheaten-like pathology, indicating that systemic inhibition of SHP-1 could have serious adverse effects. Despite this caveat, our findings support the development of SHP-1 inhibition strategies in human T cells to complement adoptive transfer therapies in the clinic.
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22
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Dong B, Somani AK, Love PE, Zheng X, Chen X, Zhang J. CD5-mediated inhibition of TCR signaling proceeds normally in the absence of SHP-1. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:45-56. [PMID: 27221212 PMCID: PMC4899029 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD5 transmembrane glycoprotein functions as a co-receptor in the signaling pathway linking T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement to activation and differentiation. Although CD5 effects on TCR signaling have been shown to be primarily inhibitory, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In view of recent data revealing the ability of CD5 to associate with the SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase, a protein that also downregulates TCR signaling, we examined the role of SHP-1 in modulating CD5 function using thymocytes from SHP-1-deficient viable motheaten (mev) mice. The results revealed the association of SHP-1 with CD5 to be markedly increased following TCR stimulation and indicated that this interaction was enhanced by and was dependent on CD5 tyrosine phosphorylation. However, there was no difference of the tyrosine phosphorylation status of CD5 between resting and TCR-stimulated cells in SHP-1-deficient compared to wild-type thymocytes. Lack of SHP-1 activity did not affect the levels of CD5 surface expression, CD5 co-immunoprecipitable tyrosine phosphatase activity and intracellular calcium increase following co-crosslinking of the TCR and CD5. Similarly, an analysis of T-cell thymocyte populations in mev mice expressing an H-Y transgene as well as a construct mediating T-cell restricted CD5 overexpression, revealed that the reduction in the positive selection conferred by CD5 overexpression was unaffected by SHP-1 deficiency. CD5 is not a SHP-1 substrate and SHP-1 is not required for and possibly not involved in the CD5-mediated modulation of TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Dong
- Department of Haematology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ally-Khan Somani
- Lunenfeld‑Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Paul E Love
- The Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Haematology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiequn Chen
- Department of Haematology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Lunenfeld‑Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
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23
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Khan OS, Bhat AA, Krishnankutty R, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol in Lymphoid Malignancies. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:365-73. [PMID: 27028800 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1152386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Toubiana J, Rossi AL, Belaidouni N, Grimaldi D, Pene F, Chafey P, Comba B, Camoin L, Bismuth G, Claessens YE, Mira JP, Chiche JD. Src-family-tyrosine kinase Lyn is critical for TLR2-mediated NF-κB activation through the PI 3-kinase signaling pathway. Innate Immun 2015; 21:685-97. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425915586075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR2 has a prominent role in host defense against a wide variety of pathogens. Stimulation of TLR2 triggers MyD88-dependent signaling to induce NF-κB translocation, and activates a Rac1-PI 3-kinase dependent pathway that leads to transactivation of NF-κB through phosphorylation of the P65 NF-κB subunit. This transactivation pathway involves tyrosine phosphorylations. The role of the tyrosine kinases in TLR signaling is controversial, with discrepancies between studies using only chemical inhibitors and knockout mice. Here, we show the involvement of the tyrosine-kinase Lyn in TLR2-dependent activation of NF-κB in human cellular models, by using complementary inhibition strategies. Stimulation of TLR2 induces the formation of an activation cluster involving TLR2, CD14, PI 3-kinase and Lyn, and leads to the activation of AKT. Lyn-dependent phosphorylation of the p110 catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase is essential to the control of PI 3-kinase biological activity upstream of AKT and thereby to the transactivation of NF-κB. Thus, Lyn kinase activity is crucial in TLR2-mediated activation of the innate immune response in human mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Toubiana
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Lise Rossi
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Belaidouni
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - David Grimaldi
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Pene
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chafey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Comba
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Georges Bismuth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yann-Erick Claessens
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Mira
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Chiche
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Inserm, U1016, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Wang X, Hills LB, Huang YH. Lipid and Protein Co-Regulation of PI3K Effectors Akt and Itk in Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:117. [PMID: 25821452 PMCID: PMC4358224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase, PI3K) pathway transduces signals critical for lymphocyte function. PI3K generates the phospholipid PIP3 at the plasma membrane to recruit proteins that contain pleckstrin homology (PH) domains – a conserved domain found in hundreds of mammalian proteins. PH domain–PIP3 interactions allow for rapid signal propagation and confer a spatial component to these signals. The kinases Akt and Itk are key PI3K effectors that bind PIP3 via their PH domains and mediate vital processes – such as survival, activation, and differentiation – in lymphocytes. Here, we review the roles and regulation of PI3K signaling in lymphocytes with a specific emphasis on Akt and Itk. We also discuss these and other PH domain-containing proteins as they relate more broadly to immune cell function. Finally, we highlight the emerging view of PH domains as multifunctional protein domains that often bind both lipid and protein substrates to exert their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Leonard Benjamin Hills
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - Yina Hsing Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA ; Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
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Ke K, Sul OJ, Choi EK, Safdar AM, Kim ES, Choi HS. Reactive oxygen species induce the association of SHP-1 with c-Src and the oxidation of both to enhance osteoclast survival. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E61-70. [PMID: 24824657 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00044.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss of ovarian function causes oxidative stress as well as bone loss. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the failure of ovarian function are responsible for the bone loss by increasing the number of osteoclasts (OC). We found that ROS enhanced OC survival via Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), c-Src, Akt, and ERK. ROS induced the association of SHP-1 with c-Src as well as the oxidation of c-Src and SHP-1. This resulted in inactivation of SHP-1 and activation of c-Src via phosphorylation of Tyr(416). Knockdown of c-Src or SHP-1 abolished the effect of ROS on OC survival. Moreover, downregulation of SHP-1 upregulated activation of c-Src, Akt, and ERK in the absence of any stimulus, suggesting that inactivation of SHP-1 is required for OC survival. We demonstrated that the association and oxidation of c-Src and SHP-1 by ROS are key steps in enhancing OC survival, which are responsible for increased bone loss when ovarian function ceases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Ok-Joo Sul
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Ali M Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
| | - Eun-Sook Kim
- Department of Endocrinology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea; and
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Tai WT, Shiau CW, Li YS, Chang CW, Huang JW, Hsueh TT, Yu HC, Chen KF. Nintedanib (BIBF-1120) inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth independent of angiokinase activity. J Hepatol 2014; 61:89-97. [PMID: 24657398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nintedanib, a triple angiokinase inhibitor, is currently being evaluated against advanced HCC in phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we report the underlying molecular mechanism by which nintedanib (BIBF-1120) induces an anti-HCC effect. METHODS To further elucidate whether the effect of nintedanib on SHP-1 is dependent on its angiokinase inhibition activity, we developed a novel kinase-independent derivative of nintedanib, ΔN. HCC cell lines were treated with nintedanib or its derivative (ΔN) and apoptosis, signal transduction, and phosphatase activity were analyzed. Purified SHP-1 proteins or HCC cells expressing deletion N-SH2 domain or D61A point mutants were used to investigate the potential effect of nintedanib on SHP-1. In vivo efficacy was determined in nude mice with HCC subcutaneous xenografts (n⩾8 mice). RESULTS Nintedanib induced anti-proliferation in HCC cell lines by targeting STAT3. Ectopic STAT3 abolished nintedanib-mediated apoptosis in HCC cells. Nintedanib further activated SHP-1 in purified SHP-1 proteins suggesting that nintedanib directly affects SHP-1 for STAT3 inhibition. HCC cells or recombinant SHP-1 proteins expressing deletion of N-SH2 domain or D61A mutants restored the activity of nintedanib suggesting that the auto-inhibition structure of SHP-1 was relieved by nintedanib. Although ΔN only retained the backbone of nintedanib without kinase activity, ΔN still induced substantial anti-HCC activity in vitro and in vivo by targeting STAT3. CONCLUSIONS Nintedanib induced significant anti-HCC activity independent of angiokinase inhibition activity in a preclinical HCC model by relieving autoinhibition of SHP-1. Our findings provide new mechanistic insight into the inhibition of HCC growth by nintedanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tien Tai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Shi Li
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Wen Huang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Hsueh
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Yu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yin S, Wu H, Lv J, Wu X, Zhang Y, Du J, Zhang Y. SHP-1 arrests mouse early embryo development through downregulation of Nanog by dephosphorylation of STAT3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86330. [PMID: 24466030 PMCID: PMC3897670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Src-homology protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is implicated in the regulation of growth, differentiation, survival, apoptosis and proliferation of hematopoietic cells and other cell types. Here, we found that SHP-1 is involved in regulation of early embryonic development. Embryos overexpressing SHP-1 were mainly arrested at the 8-cell stage, and Nanog mRNA expression was first observed in the morulae that showed down-regulation of SHP-1. These results suggested an antagonistic relationship between SHP-1 and Nanog during early embryonic development. Next, the specific mechanism was examined in mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. We confirmed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was a substrate for SHP-1 by co-immunoprecipitation. Using overexpression and knockdown strategies, we found that SHP-1 participated in regulation of Nanog expression. Furthermore, site mutation of STAT3 was performed to confirm that SHP-1 was responsible for rapid STAT3 dephosphorylation and a decrease of Nanog expression in F9 cells. These findings suggest that SHP-1 plays a crucial role during early embryonic development. Thus, SHP-1 may function as a key regulator for Nanog that specifically demarcates the nascent epiblast, coincident with the domain of X chromosome reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songna Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxing Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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29
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Sharma V, Tikoo K. Stage-specific quantitative changes in renal and urinary proteome during the progression and development of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 388:95-111. [PMID: 24281856 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication associated with diabetes causing slow deterioration of kidneys leading to end-stage renal disease. Timely intervention and diagnosis are crucial in order to ameliorate and halt the progression of DN. Current diagnosis of DN consists of urine assays for detection of microalbuminuria, which have inadequate specificity and sensitivity. Hence, there arises a need to discover stage-specific biomarkers which can aid in the early detection of DN and also in identifying the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of DN. Therefore the present study was undertaken to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the urine and to examine the pattern of proteomic changes occurring in the rat kidneys during the course of progression of streptozotocin-induced model of DN in rats. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was employed to identify the differentially expressed proteins under diabetic conditions. Among the identified proteins Calgranulin A and Calgranulin B appeared in the urinary proteome at the fourth week of induction of diabetes while we recorded a time-dependent decrease in the expression of major urinary protein (alpha 2u globulin) in the urine as well as kidneys of diabetic rats. Parallel monitoring of targeted proteomic changes in the renal proteome revealed an increase in histone H2B phosphorylation at serine14 along with a gradual decrease in Bcl-2 and MMP-13 expression during the course of progression and development of streptozotocin-induced DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sharma
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160 062, Punjab, India,
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30
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Roppenser B, Kwon H, Canadien V, Xu R, Devreotes PN, Grinstein S, Brumell JH. Multiple host kinases contribute to Akt activation during Salmonella infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71015. [PMID: 23990921 PMCID: PMC3750030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SopB is a type 3 secreted effector with phosphatase activity that Salmonella employs to manipulate host cellular processes, allowing the bacteria to establish their intracellular niche. One important function of SopB is activation of the pro-survival kinase Akt/protein kinase B in the infected host cell. Here, we examine the mechanism of Akt activation by SopB during Salmonella infection. We show that SopB-mediated Akt activation is only partially sensitive to PI3-kinase inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin in HeLa cells, suggesting that Class I PI3-kinases play only a minor role in this process. However, depletion of PI(3,4) P2/PI(3-5) P3 by expression of the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase PTEN inhibits Akt activation during Salmonella invasion. Therefore, production of PI(3,4) P2/PI(3-5) P3 appears to be a necessary event for Akt activation by SopB and suggests that non-canonical kinases mediate production of these phosphoinositides during Salmonella infection. We report that Class II PI3-kinase beta isoform, IPMK and other kinases identified from a kinase screen all contribute to Akt activation during Salmonella infection. In addition, the kinases required for SopB-mediated activation of Akt vary depending on the type of infected host cell. Together, our data suggest that Salmonella has evolved to use a single effector, SopB, to manipulate a remarkably large repertoire of host kinases to activate Akt for the purpose of optimizing bacterial replication in its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Roppenser
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyunwoo Kwon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica Canadien
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Risheng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter N. Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H. Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sickkids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Destabilization of peptide:MHC interaction induces IL-2 resistant anergy in diabetogenic T cells. J Autoimmun 2013; 44:82-90. [PMID: 23895744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells are responsible for inducing several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. We have developed a strategy to induce unresponsiveness in these cells by destabilizing the peptide:MHC ligand recognized by the T cell receptor. By introducing amino acid substitutions into the immunogenic peptide at residues that bind to the MHC, the half life of the peptide:MHC complex is severely reduced, thereby resulting in abortive T cell activation and anergy. By treating a monoclonal diabetogenic T cell population with an MHC variant peptide, the cells are rendered unresponsive to the wild type ligand, as measured by both proliferation and IL-2 production. Stimulation of T cells with MHC variant peptides results in minimal Erk1/2 phosphorylation or cell division. Variant peptide stimulation effectively initiates a signaling program dominated by sustained tyrosine phosphatase activity, including elevated SHP-1 activity. These negative signaling events result in an anergic phenotype in which the T cells are not competent to signal through the IL-2 receptor, as evidenced by a lack of phospho-Stat5 upregulation and proliferation, despite high expression of the IL-2 receptor. This unique negative signaling profile provides a novel means to shut down the anti-self response.
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32
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Nozaki Y, Mitsumori T, Yamamoto T, Kawashima I, Shobu Y, Hamanaka S, Nakajima K, Komatsu N, Kirito K. Rituximab activates Syk and AKT in CD20-positive B cell lymphoma cells dependent on cell membrane cholesterol levels. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:687-696.e1. [PMID: 23603515 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has dramatically improved the treatment outcomes of patients with B cell lymphoma. Nevertheless, the clinical response to rituximab varies, and a subpopulation of patients does not respond well to this antibody. Although several molecular events have been shown to be involved in the mechanism of action of rituximab, recent studies have demonstrated that intracellular signaling pathways and the direct effects of rituximab on cell membrane components are responsible for the antilymphoma action of this drug. In the present study, we demonstrated that rituximab activated Syk and Akt, molecules with antiapoptotic functions, in several CD20-positive lymphoma cell lines. Notably, rituximab activated Syk and Akt in all the tested primary lymphoma samples from six patients. Our results show that the cholesterol levels in lymphoma cell membranes have a crucial role in the regulation of Syk and Akt. The depletion of cholesterol from the cell membrane completely blocked rituximab-induced Syk and Akt activation. Simvastatin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, also abrogated rituximab-mediated Syk and Akt activation. Finally, we report that rituximab inhibited the apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, which was observed solely in Akt-activated cells. This work demonstrates for the first time that rituximab paradoxically works to suppress apoptosis under certain conditions in a manner that is dependent on the cell membrane cholesterol level. Our observations provide novel insights and suggest that the cell membrane cholesterol level represents a new biomarker for predicting patient response to rituximab. Furthermore, the modulation of lipid rafts could provide a new strategy for enhancing the antilymphoma action of rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nozaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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33
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James AM, Hsu HT, Dongre P, Uzel G, Mace EM, Banerjee PP, Orange JS. Rapid activation receptor- or IL-2-induced lytic granule convergence in human natural killer cells requires Src, but not downstream signaling. Blood 2013; 121:2627-37. [PMID: 23380740 PMCID: PMC3617630 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-437012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells participate in host defense by surveying for and ultimately killing virally infected or malignant target cells. NK cell cytotoxicity is a tightly regulated process that proceeds stepwise from adhesion and activation to the secretion of preformed lytic granule contents onto a diseased or stressed cell. We previously characterized rapid dynein-dependent lytic granule convergence to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) as an early, prerequisite step in NK cell cytotoxicity. Although multiple activating receptors can trigger granule convergence, the specific signal or signals responsible remained unknown. Using live cell confocal microscopy, NK cell lytic granule movement after NK cell activation was captured and measured. Using inhibitors of common early signaling mediators, we show that Src kinases are required for lytic granule convergence, but downstream signals that promote actin rearrangement, MTOC polarization, and calcium mobilization are not. Exposure to interleukin 2 was also sufficient to induce lytic granule convergence, which required noncanonical Src-dependent signaling. Thus, NK cell lytic granule convergence, prompted by specific receptor-mediated and soluble cytokine signals, depends on a directly downstream early Src kinase-dependent signal and emphasizes the importance of this step in readying NK cells for cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Mentlik James
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Alicea-Velázquez NL, Jakoncic J, Boggon TJ. Structure-guided studies of the SHP-1/JAK1 interaction provide new insights into phosphatase catalytic domain substrate recognition. J Struct Biol 2013; 181:243-51. [PMID: 23296072 PMCID: PMC3578099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SHP-1 (PTPN6) is a member of the SHP sub-family of protein tyrosine phosphatases and plays a critical role in the regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Previous studies suggested that SHP-1 contains a PTP1B-like second phosphotyrosine pocket that allows for binding of tandem phosphotyrosine residues, such as those found in the activation loop of JAK kinases. To discover the structural nature of the interaction between SHP-1 and the JAK family member, JAK1, we determined the 1.8Å co-crystal structure of the SHP-1 catalytic domain and a JAK1-derived substrate peptide. This structure reveals electron density for only one bound phosphotyrosine residue. To investigate the role of the predicted second site pocket we determined the structures of SHP-1 in complex with phosphate and sulfate to 1.37Å and 1.7Å, respectively, and performed anomalous scattering experiments for a selenate-soaked crystal. These crystallographic data suggest that SHP-1 does not contain a PTP1B-like second site pocket. This conclusion is further supported by analysis of the relative dephosphorylation and binding affinities of mono- and tandem-phosphorylated peptide substrates. The crystal structures instead indicate that SHP-1 contains an extended C-terminal helix α2' incompatible with the predicted second phosphotyrosine binding site. This study suggests that SHP-1 defines a new category of PTP1B-like protein tyrosine phosphatases with a hindered second phosphotyrosine pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilda L. Alicea-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jean Jakoncic
- the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratories, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520
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35
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Xu E, Charbonneau A, Rolland Y, Bellmann K, Pao L, Siminovitch KA, Neel BG, Beauchemin N, Marette A. Hepatocyte-specific Ptpn6 deletion protects from obesity-linked hepatic insulin resistance. Diabetes 2012; 61:1949-58. [PMID: 22698917 PMCID: PMC3402325 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein-tyrosine phosphatase Shp1 negatively regulates insulin action on glucose homeostasis in liver and muscle, but its potential role in obesity-linked insulin resistance has not been examined. To investigate the role of Shp1 in hepatic insulin resistance, we generated hepatocyte-specific Shp1 knockout mice (Ptpn6(H-KO)), which were subjected to extensive metabolic monitoring throughout an 8-week standard chow diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. We report for the first time that Shp1 expression is upregulated in metabolic tissues of HFD-fed obese mice. When compared with their Shp1-expressing Ptpn6(f/f) littermates, Ptpn6(H-KO) mice exhibited significantly lowered fasting glycemia and heightened hepatic insulin sensitivity. After HFD feeding, Ptpn6(H-KO) mice developed comparable levels of obesity as Ptpn6(f/f) mice, but they were remarkably protected from liver insulin resistance, as revealed by euglycemic clamps and hepatic insulin signaling determinations. Although Ptpn6(H-KO) mice still acquired diet-induced peripheral insulin resistance, they were less hyperinsulinemic during a glucose tolerance test because of reduced insulin secretion. Ptpn6(H-KO) mice also exhibited increased insulin clearance in line with enhanced CC1 tyrosine phosphorylation in liver. These results show that hepatocyte Shp1 plays a critical role in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and represents a novel therapeutic target for obesity-linked diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Xu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Laval University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Charbonneau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Laval University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Yannève Rolland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Laval University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Kerstin Bellmann
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Laval University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Lily Pao
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine A. Siminovitch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin G. Neel
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Beauchemin
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine, and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (Hôpital Laval), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Metabolism, Vascular and Renal Health Axis, Laval University Hospital Research Center, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Corresponding author: André Marette,
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36
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Stromnes IM, Fowler C, Casamina CC, Georgopolos CM, McAfee MS, Schmitt TM, Tan X, Kim TD, Choi I, Blattman JN, Greenberg PD. Abrogation of SRC homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 in tumor-specific T cells improves efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy by enhancing the effector function and accumulation of short-lived effector T cells in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1812-25. [PMID: 22798667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
T cell expression of inhibitory proteins can be a critical component for the regulation of immunopathology owing to self-reactivity or potentially exuberant responses to pathogens, but it may also limit T cell responses to some malignancies, particularly if the tumor Ag being targeted is a self-protein. We found that the abrogation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) in tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells improves the therapeutic outcome of adoptive immunotherapy in a mouse model of disseminated leukemia, with benefit observed in therapy employing transfer of CD8(+) T cells alone or in the context of also providing supplemental IL-2. SHP-1(-/-) and SHP-1(+/+) effector T cells were expanded in vitro for immunotherapy. Following transfer in vivo, the SHP-1(-/-) effector T cells exhibited enhanced short-term accumulation, followed by greater contraction, and they ultimately formed similar numbers of long-lived, functional memory cells. The increased therapeutic effectiveness of SHP-1(-/-) effector cells was also observed in recipients that expressed the tumor Ag as a self-antigen in the liver, without evidence of inducing autoimmune toxicity. SHP-1(-/-) effector CD8(+) T cells expressed higher levels of eomesodermin, which correlated with enhanced lysis of tumor cells. Furthermore, reduction of SHP-1 expression in tumor-reactive effector T cells by retroviral transduction with vectors that express SHP-1-specific small interfering RNA, a translatable strategy, also exhibited enhanced antitumor activity in vivo. These studies suggest that abrogating SHP-1 in effector T cells may improve the efficacy of tumor elimination by T cell therapy without affecting the ability of the effector cells to persist and provide a long-term response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn M Stromnes
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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37
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Xu Y, Huntington ND, Harder KW, Nandurkar H, Hibbs ML, Tarlinton DM. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity in B cells is negatively regulated by Lyn tyrosine kinase. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:903-11. [PMID: 22777522 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activity is essential for normal B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated responses. To understand the mechanisms of PI3K regulation during B-cell activation, we performed a series of biochemical analysis on primary B cells, and found that activity of Src family tyrosine kinases (SFK) is crucial for the activation of PI3K following BCR ligation and this is regulated by the SFK Lyn. We show that the hyperresponsive phenotype of B cells lacking Lyn is predicated on significantly increased basal and inducible PI3K activity that correlates with the constitutive hypophosphorylation of PAG/Cbp (phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains/Csk-binding protein), a concomitant reduction in bound Csk in Lyn(-/-) B cells and elevated levels of active Fyn. Regulating SFK activity may thus be a central mechanism by which Lyn regulates PI3K activity in B cells. This study defines the molecular connection between the BCR and PI3K and reveals this to be a point of Lyn-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekang Xu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
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38
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Lapalombella R, Yeh YY, Wang L, Ramanunni A, Rafiq S, Jha S, Staubli J, Lucas DM, Mani R, Herman SEM, Johnson AJ, Lozanski A, Andritsos L, Jones J, Flynn JM, Lannutti B, Thompson P, Algate P, Stromatt S, Jarjoura D, Mo X, Wang D, Chen CS, Lozanski G, Heerema NA, Tridandapani S, Freitas MA, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC. Tetraspanin CD37 directly mediates transduction of survival and apoptotic signals. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:694-708. [PMID: 22624718 PMCID: PMC3360882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are commonly believed to act only as "molecular facilitators," with no direct role in signal transduction. We herein demonstrate that upon ligation, CD37, a tetraspanin molecule expressed on mature normal and transformed B cells, becomes tyrosine phosphorylated, associates with proximal signaling molecules, and initiates a cascade of events leading to apoptosis. Moreover, we have identified two tyrosine residues with opposing regulatory functions: one lies in the N-terminal domain of CD37 in a predicted "ITIM-like" motif and mediates SHP1-dependent death, whereas the second lies in a predicted "ITAM motif" in the C-terminal domain of CD37 and counteracts death signals by mediating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent survival.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Forkhead Box Protein O3
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nanotechnology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Transport
- Proteomics/methods
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Tetraspanins/chemistry
- Tetraspanins/genetics
- Tetraspanins/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tyrosine
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yuh-Ying Yeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Asha Ramanunni
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarwish Rafiq
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Integrated Biomedical Research Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shruti Jha
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Justin Staubli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Integrated Biomedical Research Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David M Lucas
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rajeswaran Mani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah E M Herman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Integrated Biomedical Research Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arletta Lozanski
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Leslie Andritsos
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey Jones
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph M Flynn
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Algate
- Emergent BioSolutions, Seattle, WA 98121-3460, USA
| | | | - David Jarjoura
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dasheng Wang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nyla A Heerema
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Freitas
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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39
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Pike KA, Tremblay ML. Regulating naïve and memory CD8 T cell homeostasis - a role for protein tyrosine phosphatases. FEBS J 2012; 280:432-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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40
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) is the master determinant for the activation of the angiogenic program leading to the formation of new blood vessels to sustain solid tumor growth and metastasis. VEGF specific binding to VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) triggers different signaling pathways, including phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) and Akt cascades, crucial for endothelial proliferation, permeability, and survival. By combining biologic experiments, theoretical insights, and mathematical modeling, we found that: (1) cell density influences VEGFR-2 protein level, as receptor number is 2-fold higher in long-confluent than in sparse cells; (2) cell density affects VEGFR-2 activation by reducing its affinity for VEGF in long-confluent cells; (3) despite reduced ligand-receptor affinity, high VEGF concentrations provide long-confluent cells with a larger amount of active receptors; (4) PLC-γ and Akt are not directly sensitive to cell density but simply transduce downstream the upstream difference in VEGFR-2 protein level and activation; and (5) the mathematical model correctly predicts the existence of at least one protein tyrosine phosphatase directly targeting PLC-γ and counteracting the receptor-mediated signal. Our data-based mathematical model quantitatively describes VEGF signaling in quiescent and angiogenic endothelium and is suitable to identify new molecular determinants and therapeutic targets.
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41
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Zhang H, Liu H, Borok Z, Davies KJ, Ursini F, Forman HJ. Cigarette smoke extract stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Src activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1437-42. [PMID: 22342303 PMCID: PMC3312989 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and cancer metastasis, two conditions associated with cigarette smoke (CS). CS has been reported to promote the EMT process. CS is the major cause of lung cancer and nearly half of lung cancer patients are active smokers. Nonetheless, the mechanism whereby CS induces EMT remains largely unknown. In this study we investigated the induction of EMT by CS and explored the underlying mechanisms in the human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (H358) cell line. We demonstrate that exposure to an extract of CS (CSE) decreases E-cadherin and increases N-cadherin and vimentin, markers of EMT, in H358 cells cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with 1% fetal bovine serum. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant and precursor of glutathione, abrogated changes in these EMT markers. In addition, CSE activated Src kinase (shown as increased phosphorylation of Src at Tyr418), and the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 inhibited CS-stimulated EMT changes, suggesting that Src is critical in CSE-stimulated EMT induction. Furthermore, NAC treatment abrogated CSE-stimulated Src activation. However, co-incubation with catalase had no effect on CSE-mediated Src activation. Finally, acrolein, an unsaturated aldehyde present in CSE, caused Src activation. Taken together, these data suggest that CSE initiates EMT through Src, which is activated by CS through redox modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
| | - Honglei Liu
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kelvin J.A. Davies
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Dipartmento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
- School of Natural Science, University of California, Merced
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42
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Casey SC, Blumberg B. The steroid and xenobiotic receptor negatively regulates B-1 cell development in the fetal liver. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:916-25. [PMID: 22496360 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) (also known as pregnane X receptor or PXR) is a broad-specificity nuclear hormone receptor that is well known for its role in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. SXR is activated by a wide variety of endobiotics, dietary compounds, pharmaceuticals, and xenobiotic chemicals. SXR is expressed at its highest levels in the liver and intestine yet is found in lower levels in other tissues, where its roles are less understood. We previously demonstrated that SXR(-/-) mice demonstrate elevated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and overexpression of NF-κB target genes and that SXR(-/-) mice develop lymphoma derived from B-1 lymphocytes in an age-dependent manner. In this work, we show that fetal livers in SXR(-/-) mice display elevated expression of NF-κB target genes and possess a significantly larger percentage of B-1 progenitor cells in the fetal liver. Furthermore, in utero activation of SXR in wild-type mice reduces the B-1 progenitor populations in the embryonic liver and reduces the size of the B-1 cell compartment in adult animals that were treated in utero. This suggests that activation of SXR during development may permanently alter the immune system of animals exposed in utero, demonstrating a novel role for SXR in the generation of B-1 cell precursors in the fetal liver. These data support our previous findings that SXR functions as a tumor suppressor in B-1 lymphocytes and establish a unique role for SXR as a modulator of developmental hematopoiesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA
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43
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Mujib S, Jones RB, Lo C, Aidarus N, Clayton K, Sakhdari A, Benko E, Kovacs C, Ostrowski MA. Antigen-independent induction of Tim-3 expression on human T cells by the common γ-chain cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 is associated with proliferation and is dependent on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3745-56. [PMID: 22422881 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T cell Ig mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of a subset of CD8(+) and Th1 CD4(+) T cells. Elevated expression of Tim-3 on virus-specific T cells during chronic viral infections, such as HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, positively correlates with viral load. Tim-3(+) cytotoxic T cells are dysfunctional and are unable to secrete effector cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. In this study, we examined potential inducers of Tim-3 on primary human T cells. Direct HIV-1 infection of CD4(+) T cells, or LPS, found to be elevated in HIV-1 infection, did not induce Tim-3 on T cells. Tim-3 was induced by the common γ-chain (γc) cytokines IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 but not IL-4, in an Ag-independent manner and was upregulated on primary T cells in response to TCR/CD28 costimulation, as well as γc cytokine stimulation with successive divisions. γc cytokine-induced Tim-3 was found on naive, effector, and memory subsets of T cells. Tim-3(+) primary T cells were more prone to apoptosis, particularly upon treatment with galectin-9, a Tim-3 ligand, after cytokine withdrawal. The upregulation of Tim-3 could be blocked by the addition of a PI3K inhibitor, LY 294002. Thus, Tim-3 can be induced via TCR/CD28 costimulation and/or γc cytokines, likely through the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Mujib
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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44
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Wang Y, Zhu Z, Church TD, Lugogo NL, Que LG, Francisco D, Ingram JL, Huggins M, Beaver DM, Wright JR, Kraft M. SHP-1 as a critical regulator of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced inflammation in human asthmatic airway epithelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3371-81. [PMID: 22371396 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against exposure of the airway to infectious agents. Src homology protein (SHP)-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, is a negative regulator of signaling pathways that are critical to the development of asthma and host defense. We hypothesize that SHP-1 function is defective in asthma, contributing to the increased inflammatory response induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a pathogen known to exacerbate asthma. M. pneumoniae significantly activated SHP-1 in airway epithelial cells collected from nonasthmatic subjects by bronchoscopy with airway brushing but not in cells from asthmatic subjects. In asthmatic airway epithelial cells, M. pneumoniae induced significant PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and IL-8 production compared with nonasthmatic cells, which were reversed by SHP-1 overexpression. Conversely, SHP-1 knockdown significantly increased IL-8 production and PI3K/Akt and NF-κB activation in the setting of M. pneumoniae infection in nonasthmatic cells, but it did not exacerbate these three parameters already activated in asthmatic cells. Thus, SHP-1 plays a critical role in abrogating M. pneumoniae-induced IL-8 production in nonasthmatic airway epithelial cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB activity, but it is defective in asthma, resulting in an enhanced inflammatory response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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45
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Lin C, Ear J, Pavlova Y, Mittal Y, Kufareva I, Ghassemian M, Abagyan R, Garcia-Marcos M, Ghosh P. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the Gα-interacting protein GIV promotes activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase during cell migration. Sci Signal 2012; 4:ra64. [PMID: 21954290 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GIV (Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein; also known as Girdin) enhances Akt activation downstream of multiple growth factor- and G protein (heterotrimeric guanosine 5'-triphosphate-binding protein)-coupled receptors to trigger cell migration and cancer invasion. We demonstrate that GIV is a tyrosine phosphoprotein that directly binds to and activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Upon ligand stimulation of various receptors, GIV was phosphorylated at tyrosine-1764 and tyrosine-1798 by both receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. These phosphorylation events enabled direct binding of GIV to the amino- and carboxyl-terminal Src homology 2 domains of p85α, a regulatory subunit of PI3K; stabilized receptor association with PI3K; and enhanced PI3K activity at the plasma membrane to trigger cell migration. Tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV and its association with p85α increased during metastatic progression of a breast carcinoma. These results suggest a mechanism by which multiple receptors activate PI3K through tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV, thereby making the GIV-PI3K interaction a potential therapeutic target within the PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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46
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Vadas O, Burke JE, Zhang X, Berndt A, Williams RL. Structural basis for activation and inhibition of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Sci Signal 2011; 4:re2. [PMID: 22009150 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are implicated in a broad spectrum of cellular activities, such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and metabolism. Activation of class I PI3Ks by mutation or overexpression correlates with the development and maintenance of various human cancers. These PI3Ks are heterodimers, and the activity of the catalytic subunits is tightly controlled by the associated regulatory subunits. Although the same p85 regulatory subunits associate with all class IA PI3Ks, the functional outcome depends on the isotype of the catalytic subunit. New PI3K partners that affect the signaling by the PI3K heterodimers have been uncovered, including phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN), cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and nonstructural protein 1. Interactions with PI3K regulators modulate the intrinsic membrane affinity and either the rate of phosphoryl transfer or product release. Crystal structures for the class I and class III PI3Ks in complexes with associated regulators and inhibitors have contributed to developing isoform-specific inhibitors and have shed light on the numerous regulatory mechanisms controlling PI3K activation and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Vadas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QH, UK.
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Mittal Y, Pavlova Y, Garcia-Marcos M, Ghosh P. Src homology domain 2-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) binds and dephosphorylates G(alpha)-interacting, vesicle-associated protein (GIV)/Girdin and attenuates the GIV-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32404-15. [PMID: 21799016 PMCID: PMC3173146 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.275685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GIV (Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein, also known as Girdin) is a bona fide enhancer of PI3K-Akt signals during a diverse set of biological processes, e.g. wound healing, macrophage chemotaxis, tumor angiogenesis, and cancer invasion/metastasis. We recently demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV by receptor and non-receptor-tyrosine kinases is a key step that is required for GIV to directly bind and enhance PI3K activity. Here we report the discovery that Src homology 2-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) is the major protein-tyrosine phosphatase that targets two critical phosphotyrosines within GIV and antagonizes phospho-GIV-dependent PI3K enhancement in mammalian cells. Using phosphorylation-dephosphorylation assays, we demonstrate that SHP-1 is the major and specific protein-tyrosine phosphatase that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of tyrosine-phosphorylated GIV in vitro and inhibits ligand-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV downstream of both growth factor receptors and GPCRs in cells. In vitro binding and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that SHP-1 and GIV interact directly and constitutively and that this interaction occurs between the SH2 domain of SHP-1 and the C terminus of GIV. Overexpression of SHP-1 inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV and formation of phospho-GIV-PI3K complexes, and specifically suppresses GIV-dependent activation of Akt. Consistently, depletion of SHP-1 enhances peak tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV, which coincides with an increase in peak Akt activity. We conclude that SHP-1 antagonizes the action of receptor and non-receptor-tyrosine kinases on GIV and down-regulates the phospho-GIV-PI3K-Akt axis of signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- From the Departments of Medicine and
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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Resveratrol suppresses constitutive activation of AKT via generation of ROS and induces apoptosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24703. [PMID: 21931821 PMCID: PMC3171480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently shown that deregulation PI3-kinase/AKT survival pathway plays an important role in pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In an attempt to identify newer therapeutic agents, we investigated the role of Resveratrol (trans-3,4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound on a panel of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells in causing inhibition of cell viability and inducing apoptosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the action of Resveratrol on DLBCL cells and found that Resveratrol inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis by inhibition of constitutively activated AKT and its downstream targets via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Simultaneously, Resveratrol treatment of DLBCL cell lines also caused ROS dependent upregulation of DR5; and interestingly, co-treatment of DLBCL with sub-toxic doses of TRAIL and Resveratrol synergistically induced apoptosis via utilizing DR5, on the other hand, gene silencing of DR5 abolished this effect. Conclusion/Significance Altogether, these data suggest that Resveratrol acts as a suppressor of AKT/PKB pathway leading to apoptosis via generation of ROS and at the same time primes DLBCL cells via up-regulation of DR5 to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. These data raise the possibility that Resveratrol may have a future therapeutic role in DLBCL and possibly other malignancies with constitutive activation of the AKT/PKB pathway.
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Lodeiro M, Alén BO, Mosteiro CS, Beiroa D, Nogueiras R, Theodoropoulou M, Pardo M, Gallego R, Pazos Y, Casanueva FF, Camiña JP. The SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase negatively modulates Akt signaling in the ghrelin/GHSR1a system. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4182-91. [PMID: 21900501 PMCID: PMC3204078 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-04-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase is a negative regulator of ghrelin activity, being a critical signaling component for proper regulation of Akt-dependent processes. Based on the SHP-1 expression pattern in white adipose tissue (WAT) and its regulation in a positive energy balance situation, it is possible to speculate about its role in the enlargement of WAT in obesity. The aim of the present study was to identify the signaling mechanism(s) responsible for the modulation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHSR1a)-associated Akt activity. Ghrelin leads to the activation of Akt through the interplay of distinct signaling mechanisms: an early Gi/o protein-dependent pathway and a late pathway mediated by β-arrestins. We found that the Src homology 2–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-1) was an essential molecule in both Gi/o protein–dependent and β-arrestin–mediated pathways. More specifically, the role of SHP-1 in the Gi/o protein–dependent pathway was demonstrated by the fact that the overexpression of a catalytically defective SHP-1 augments tyrosine phosphorylation of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, leading to an increase in the phosphorylation of cSrc and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, and finally activating Akt. The presence of SHP-1 in the β-arrestin–scaffolded complex and its attenuating effect on the cSrc and Akt activities verified that SHP-1 regulates not only the Gi/o protein–dependent pathway but also the β-arrestin–mediated pathway. Assays performed in preadipocyte and adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells showed SHP-1 expression. According to our results in HEK-GHSR1a cells, ghrelin stimulated SHP-1 phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 cells. The increase in ghrelin-induced Akt activity was enhanced by small interfering RNA of SHP-1 in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. These results were reproduced in white adipose tissue obtained from mice, in which SHP-1 exhibited higher expression in omental than in subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, this pattern of expression was inverted in mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting a role for SHP-1 in controlling ghrelin sensitivity in adipose tissue. Indeed, SHP-1 deficiency was associated with augmented ghrelin-evoked Akt phosphorylation in omental tissue, as well as decreased phosphorylation under overexpression of SHP-1 in subcutaneous tissue. These findings showed a novel role for SHP-1 in the regulation of Akt activity through the modulation of the ghrelin/GHSR1a system signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lodeiro
- Área de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Servicio Gallego de Salud, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
T cell recognition of antigen is a crucial aspect of the adaptive immune response. One of the most common means of pathogen immune evasion is mutation of T cell epitopes. T cell recognition of such ligands can result in a variety of outcomes including activation, apoptosis and anergy. The ability of a given T cell to respond to a specific peptide-MHC ligand is regulated by a number of factors, including the affinity, on- and off-rates and half-life of the TCR-peptide-MHC interaction. Interaction of T cells with low-potency ligands results in unique signaling patterns and requires engagement with a larger number of T cell receptors than agonist ligands. This review will address these aspects of T cell interaction with weak ligands and the ways in which these ligands have been utilized therapeutically.
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