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Svalastoga P, Kaci A, Molnes J, Solheim MH, Johansson BB, Krogvold L, Skrivarhaug T, Valen E, Johansson S, Molven A, Sagen JV, Søfteland E, Bjørkhaug L, Tjora E, Aukrust I, Njølstad PR. Characterisation of HNF1A variants in paediatric diabetes in Norway using functional and clinical investigations to unmask phenotype and monogenic diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2226-2237. [PMID: 37798422 PMCID: PMC10627920 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Correctly diagnosing MODY is important, as individuals with this diagnosis can discontinue insulin injections; however, many people are misdiagnosed. We aimed to develop a robust approach for determining the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A)-MODY and to obtain an accurate estimate of the prevalence of HNF1A-MODY in paediatric cases of diabetes. METHODS We extended our previous screening of the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry by 830 additional samples and comprehensively genotyped HNF1A variants in autoantibody-negative participants using next-generation sequencing. Carriers of pathogenic variants were treated by local healthcare providers, and participants with novel likely pathogenic variants and variants of uncertain significance were enrolled in an investigator-initiated, non-randomised, open-label pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT04239586). To identify variants associated with HNF1A-MODY, we functionally characterised their pathogenicity and assessed the carriers' phenotype and treatment response to sulfonylurea. RESULTS In total, 615 autoantibody-negative participants among 4712 cases of paediatric diabetes underwent genetic sequencing, revealing 19 with HNF1A variants. We identified nine carriers with novel variants classified as variants of uncertain significance or likely to be pathogenic, while the remaining ten participants carried five pathogenic variants previously reported. Of the nine carriers with novel variants, six responded favourably to sulfonylurea. Functional investigations revealed their variants to be dysfunctional and demonstrated a correlation with the resulting phenotype, providing evidence for reclassifying these variants as pathogenic. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Based on this robust classification, we estimate that the prevalence of HNF1A-MODY is 0.3% in paediatric diabetes. Clinical phenotyping is challenging and functional investigations provide a strong complementary line of evidence. We demonstrate here that combining clinical phenotyping with functional protein studies provides a powerful tool to obtain a precise diagnosis of HNF1A-MODY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Svalastoga
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alba Kaci
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Janne Molnes
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie H Solheim
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente B Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Division of Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torild Skrivarhaug
- Division of Childhood and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Valen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Søfteland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Bjørkhaug
- Department of Safety, Chemistry, and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling Tjora
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Chu Y, Zhao L, Liu X, Chen H, Zhao C, Chen S, Xiang S, Lu J, Wang X, Wan Y, Dong D, Yao S, Li C, Yin R, Ren G, Yang X, Yu M. Lysine 117 Residue Is Essential for the Function of the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1α. Diabetes 2023; 72:1502-1516. [PMID: 37440709 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) plays essential roles in controlling development and metabolism; its mutations are clearly linked to the occurrence of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3) in humans. Lysine 117 (K117) to glutamic acid (E117) mutation in the HNF1α gene has been clinically associated with MODY3, but no functional data on this variant are available. Here, we addressed the role of lysine 117 in HNF1α function using a knock-in animal model and site-directed mutagenesis. HNF1α K117E homozygous mice exhibited dwarfism, hepatic dysfunction, renal Fanconi syndrome, and progressive wasting syndrome. These phenotypes were very similar to those of mice with complete HNF1α deficiency, suggesting that K117 is critical to HNF1α functions. K117E homozygotes developed diabetes in the early postnatal period. The relative deficiency of serum insulin levels and the normal response to insulin treatment in homozygous mice were markedly similar to those in the MODY3 disorder in humans. Moreover, K117E heterozygous mutant causes age-dependent glucose intolerance, which is similar to the pathogenesis of MODY3 as well. K117 mutants significantly reduced the overall transactivation and DNA binding capacity of HNF1α by disrupting dimerization. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unappreciated role of POU domain of HNF1α in homodimerization and provide important clues for identifying the molecular basis of HNF1α-related diseases such as MODY3. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS HNF1α K117E homozygous mice exhibited dwarfism, hepatic dysfunction, renal Fanconi syndrome, and progressive wasting syndrome. K117E homozygotes developed diabetes in the early postnatal period. K117E heterozygous mutant causes age-dependent glucose intolerance, which is similar to the pathogenesis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. K117 mutants significantly reduced the overall transactivation and DNA binding capacity of HNF1α by disrupting dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hygienic Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Shensi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Hepatology and Cancer Biotherapy Ward, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, He Bei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yue Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Diandian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, He Bei University, Baoding, China
| | - Songhui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Changyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ronghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, He Bei University, Baoding, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, An Hui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Kavitha B, Ranganathan S, Gopi S, Vetrivel U, Hemavathy N, Mohan V, Radha V. Molecular characterization and re-interpretation of HNF1A variants identified in Indian MODY subjects towards precision medicine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1177268. [PMID: 37396188 PMCID: PMC10313120 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1177268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HNF1A is an essential component of the transcription factor network that controls pancreatic β-cell differentiation, maintenance, and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). A continuum of protein malfunction is caused by variations in the HNF1A gene, from severe loss-of-function (LOF) variants that cause the highly penetrant Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) to milder LOF variants that are far less penetrant but impart a population-wide risk of type 2 diabetes that is up to five times higher. Before classifying and reporting the discovered variations as relevant in clinical diagnosis, a critical review is required. Functional investigations offer substantial support for classifying a variant as pathogenic, or otherwise as advised by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) ACMG/AMP criteria for variant interpretation. Objective To determine the molecular basis for the variations in the HNF1A gene found in patients with monogenic diabetes in India. Methods We performed functional protein analyses such as transactivation, protein expression, DNA binding, nuclear localization, and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay, along with structural prediction analysis for 14 HNF1A variants found in 20 patients with monogenic diabetes. Results Of the 14 variants, 4 (28.6%) were interpreted as pathogenic, 6 (42.8%) as likely pathogenic, 3 (21.4%) as variants of uncertain significance, and 1 (7.14%) as benign. Patients harboring the pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were able to successfully switch from insulin to sulfonylureas (SU) making these variants clinically actionable. Conclusion Our findings are the first to show the need of using additive scores during molecular characterization for accurate pathogenicity evaluations of HNF1A variants in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Kavitha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Sundaramoorthy Gopi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- Department of Bioinformatics, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- Department of Virology Biotechnology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, India
| | | | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai and Dr. Mohan’s Diabetes Specialties Centre, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Centre for Advanced Research on Diabetes, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Miyachi Y, Miyazawa T, Ogawa Y. HNF1A Mutations and Beta Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063222. [PMID: 35328643 PMCID: PMC8948720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic factors of diabetes is essential for addressing the global increase in type 2 diabetes. HNF1A mutations cause a monogenic form of diabetes called maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and HNF1A single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Numerous studies have been conducted, mainly using genetically modified mice, to explore the molecular basis for the development of diabetes caused by HNF1A mutations, and to reveal the roles of HNF1A in multiple organs, including insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in the liver, and urinary glucose reabsorption in the kidneys. Recent studies using human stem cells that mimic MODY have provided new insights into beta cell dysfunction. In this article, we discuss the involvement of HNF1A in beta cell dysfunction by reviewing previous studies using genetically modified mice and recent findings in human stem cell-derived beta cells.
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Cujba AM, Alvarez-Fallas ME, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Laddach A, Shepherd MH, Hattersley AT, Watt FM, Sancho R. An HNF1α truncation associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young impairs pancreatic progenitor differentiation by antagonizing HNF1β function. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110425. [PMID: 35235779 PMCID: PMC8905088 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The HNF1αp291fsinsC truncation is the most common mutation associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3). Although shown to impair HNF1α signaling, the mechanism by which HNF1αp291fsinsC causes MODY3 is not fully understood. Here we use MODY3 patient and CRISPR/Cas9-engineered human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) grown as 3D organoids to investigate how HNF1αp291fsinsC affects hiPSC differentiation during pancreatic development. HNF1αp291fsinsC hiPSCs shows reduced pancreatic progenitor and β cell differentiation. Mechanistically, HNF1αp291fsinsC interacts with HNF1β and inhibits its function, and disrupting this interaction partially rescues HNF1β-dependent transcription. HNF1β overexpression in the HNF1αp291fsinsC patient organoid line increases PDX1+ progenitors, while HNF1β overexpression in the HNF1αp291fsinsC patient iPSC line partially rescues β cell differentiation. Our study highlights the capability of pancreas progenitor-derived organoids to model disease in vitro. Additionally, it uncovers an HNF1β-mediated mechanism linked to HNF1α truncation that affects progenitor differentiation and could explain the clinical heterogeneity observed in MODY3 patients. MODY3 patient and CRISPR/Cas9 HNF1αp291fsinsC mutated iPSC lines are generated Mutant iPSCs show deficient pancreatic progenitor and β cell differentiation Mutant truncated HNF1α protein binds wild-type HNF1β protein to hinder its function HNF1β overexpression in MODY3 iPSC line partially rescues β cell differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Cujba
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Li LM, Jiang BG, Sun LL. HNF1A:From Monogenic Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:829565. [PMID: 35299962 PMCID: PMC8921476 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.829565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a disease characterized by hyperglycemia, has a serious impact on the lives and families of patients as well as on society. Diabetes is a group of highly heterogeneous metabolic diseases that can be classified as type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or other according to the etiology. The clinical manifestations are more or less similar among the different types of diabetes, and each type is highly heterogeneous due to different pathogenic factors. Therefore, distinguishing between various types of diabetes and defining their subtypes are major challenges hindering the precise treatment of the disease. T2D is the main type of diabetes in humans as well as the most heterogeneous. Fortunately, some studies have shown that variants of certain genes involved in monogenic diabetes also increase the risk of T2D. We hope this finding will enable breakthroughs regarding the pathogenesis of T2D and facilitate personalized treatment of the disease by exploring the function of the signal genes involved. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A (HNF1α) is widely expressed in pancreatic β cells, the liver, the intestines, and other organs. HNF1α is highly polymorphic, but lacks a mutation hot spot. Mutations can be found at any site of the gene. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) while some others do not cause MODY3 but increase the susceptibility to T2D or GDM. The phenotypes of MODY3 caused by different SNPs also differ. MODY3 is among the most common types of MODY, which is a form of monogenic diabetes mellitus caused by a single gene mutation. Both T2D and GDM are multifactorial diseases caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Different types of diabetes mellitus have different clinical phenotypes and treatments. This review focuses on HNF1α gene polymorphisms, HNF1A-MODY3, HNF1A-associated T2D and GDM, and the related pathogenesis and treatment methods. We hope this review will provide a valuable reference for the precise and individualized treatment of diabetes caused by abnormal HNF1α by summarizing the clinical heterogeneity of blood glucose abnormalities caused by HNF1α mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Ge Jiang
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bei-Ge Jiang, ; Liang-Liang Sun,
| | - Liang-Liang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bei-Ge Jiang, ; Liang-Liang Sun,
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Molecular diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young in Iranian patients: improving management. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1369-1374. [PMID: 34900788 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to identify the mutations of the most common form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), also known as MODY3, in diabetic patients suspected of MODY. This can recommend appropriate medical surveillance of at-risk family members of MODY based on the genetic cause. Methods We analyzed the clinical course of 19 patients from 12 unrelated Iranian families with diabetes features. The coding regions and intron-exon boundaries of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A) gene were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sanger sequencing. Also, the detected mutation was analyzed by bioinformatics tools. Results One novel frameshift insertion mutation (p.Glu11Argfs*12) was detected in one of the probands and seven other patients of her family with the heterozygote state. The mutation is located in the exon1 of the dimerization domain of the HNF1A gene. According to the In Silico analysis, the detected mutation is predicted as a pathogenic one. Conclusions Differential diagnosis between MODY3 and other forms of diabetes can be considered a necessity in terms of overlapping symptoms of MODY3 with type1 or 2 diabetes. Molecular genetic testing can provide an accurate diagnosis for optimal management.
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Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): Genetic Causes, Clinical Characteristics, Considerations for Testing, and Treatment Options. ENDOCRINES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) encompasses a group of rare monogenic forms of diabetes distinct in etiology and clinical presentation from the more common forms of Type 1 (autoimmune) and Type 2 diabetes. Since its initial description as a clinical entity nearly 50 years ago, the underlying genetic basis for the various forms of MODY has been increasingly better elucidated. Clinically, the diagnosis may be made in childhood or young adulthood and can present as overt hyperglycemia requiring insulin therapy or as a subtle form of slowly progressive glucose impairment. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms, patients with MODY may be misdiagnosed as possessing another form of diabetes, resulting in potentially inappropriate treatment and delays in screening of affected family members and associated comorbidities. In this review, we highlight the various known genetic mutations associated with MODY, clinical presentation, indications for testing, and the treatment options available.
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Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young-New Approaches for Disease Modelling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147553. [PMID: 34299172 PMCID: PMC8303136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a genetically heterogeneous group of monogenic endocrine disorders that is characterised by autosomal dominant inheritance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. These patients are commonly misdiagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, as the clinical symptoms largely overlap. Even though several biomarkers have been tested none of which could be used as single clinical discriminator. The correct diagnosis for individuals with MODY is of utmost importance, as the applied treatment depends on the gene mutation or is subtype-specific. Moreover, in patients with HNF1A-MODY, additional clinical monitoring can be included due to the high incidence of vascular complications observed in these patients. Finally, stratification of MODY patients will enable better and newer treatment options for MODY patients, once the disease pathology for each patient group is better understood. In the current review the clinical characteristics and the known disease-related abnormalities of the most common MODY subtypes are discussed, together with the up-to-date applied diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Additionally, the usage of pluripotent stem cells together with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for disease modelling with the possibility to reveal new pathophysiological mechanisms in MODY is discussed.
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A Review of Functional Characterization of Single Amino Acid Change Mutations in HNF Transcription Factors in MODY Pathogenesis. Protein J 2021; 40:348-360. [PMID: 33950347 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in HNF transcription factor genes cause the most common subtypes of maturity-onset of diabetes of youth (MODY), a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus. Mutations in the HNF1-α, HNF4-α, and HNF1-β genes are primarily considered as the cause of MODY3, MODY1, and MODY5 subtypes, respectively. Although patients with different subtypes display similar symptoms, they may develop distinct diabetes-related complications and require different treatments depending on the type of the mutation. Genetic analysis of MODY patients revealed more than 400 missense/nonsense mutations in HNF1-α, HNF4-α, and HNF1-β genes, however only a small portion of them are functionally characterized. Evaluation of nonsense mutations are more direct as they lead to premature stop codons and mostly in mRNA decay or nonfunctional truncated proteins. However, interpretation of the single amino acid change (missense) mutation is not such definite, as effect of the variant may vary depending on the location and also the substituted amino acid. Mutations with benign effect on the protein function may not be the pathologic variant and further genetic testing may be required. Here, we discuss the functional characterization analysis of single amino acid change mutations identified in HNF1-α, HNF4-α, and HNF1-β genes and evaluate their roles in MODY pathogenesis. This review will contribute to comprehend HNF nuclear family-related molecular mechanisms and to develop more accurate diagnosis and treatment based on correct evaluation of pathologic effects of the variants.
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Analysis of the promoter regions of disease-causing genes in maturity-onset diabetes of the young patients. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6759-6768. [PMID: 32860162 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a form of monogenic diabetes caused by the variants in MODY-related genes. In addition to coding variants, variants in the promoter region of MODY-related genes can cause the disease as well. In this study, we screened the promoter regions of the most common MODY-related genes GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A and HNF1B in our cohort of 29 MODY patients. We identified one genetic variant in the HNF1A gene, a 7 bp insertion c.-154-160insTGGGGGT, and three variants in the GCK gene, -282C>T; -194A>G; 402C>G appearing as set. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay was performed to test the effect of the 7 bp insertion and the variant set on the activity of the reporter gene in HepG2 and RIN-5F cell, respectively, where a decreasing trend was observed for both variants. In silico analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the 7 bp insertion did not create the binding site for new transcriptional factors, but gave rise to additional binding sites for the existing ones. Results from our study indicated that the 7 bp insertion in the HNF1A gene could be associated with the patient's diabetes. As for the GCK variant set, it is probably not associated with diabetes in patients, but it may modify the fasting glucose level by causing small elevation in variant set carriers. We have presented two promoter variants in MODY-related genes. Variant in the HNF1A gene is presumed to be disease-causing and the GCK promoter variant set could be a phenotype modifier.
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Malikova J, Kaci A, Dusatkova P, Aukrust I, Torsvik J, Vesela K, Kankova PD, Njølstad PR, Pruhova S, Bjørkhaug L. Functional Analyses of HNF1A-MODY Variants Refine the Interpretation of Identified Sequence Variants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5722353. [PMID: 32017842 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT While rare variants of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A) gene can cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (HNF1A-MODY), other variants can be risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. As has been suggested by the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines for variant interpretation, functional studies provide strong evidence to classify a variant as pathogenic. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a functional evaluation can improve the interpretation of the HNF1A variants in our Czech MODY Registry. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 17 HNF1A variants that were identified in 48 individuals (33 female/15 male) from 20 Czech families with diabetes, using bioinformatics in silico tools and functional protein analyses (transactivation, protein expression, DNA binding, and nuclear localization). RESULTS Of the 17 variants, 12 variants (p.Lys120Glu, p.Gln130Glu, p.Arg131Pro, p.Leu139Pro, p.Met154Ile, p.Gln170Ter, p.Glu187SerfsTer40, p.Phe215SerfsTer18, p.Gly253Arg, p.Leu383ArgfsTer3, p.Gly437Val, and p.Thr563HisfsTer85) exhibited significantly reduced transcriptional activity or DNA binding (< 40%) and were classified as (likely) pathogenic, 2/17 variants were (likely) benign and 3/17 remained of uncertain significance. Functional analyses allowed for the reclassification of 10/17 variants (59%). Diabetes treatment was improved in 20/29 (69%) carriers of (likely) pathogenic HNF1A variants. CONCLUSION Functional evaluation of the HNF1A variants is necessary to better predict the pathogenic effects and to improve the diagnostic interpretation and treatment, particularly in cases where the cosegregation or family history data are not available or where the phenotype is more diverse and overlaps with other types of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Malikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alba Kaci
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petra Dusatkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janniche Torsvik
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Klara Vesela
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Dvorakova Kankova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague, Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lise Bjørkhaug
- Department of Safety, Chemistry and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) is a type of diabetes resulting from a pathogenic effect of gene mutations. Up to date, 13 MODY genes are known. Gene HNF1A is one of the most common causes of MODY diabetes (HNF1A-MODY; MODY3). This gene is polymorphic and more than 1200 pathogenic and non-pathogenic HNF1A variants were described in its UTRs, exons and introns. For HNF1A-MODY, not just gene but also phenotype heterogeneity is typical. Although there are some clinical instructions, HNF1A-MODY patients often do not meet every diagnostic criteria or they are still misdiagnosed as type 1 and type 2 diabetics. There is a constant effort to find suitable biomarkers to help with in distinguishing of MODY3 from Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). DNA sequencing is still necessary for unambiguous confirmation of clinical suspicion of MODY. NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) methods brought discoveries of multiple new gene variants and new instructions for their pathogenicity classification were required. The most actual problem is classification of variants with uncertain significance (VUS) which is a stumbling-block for clinical interpretation. Since MODY is a hereditary disease, DNA analysis of family members is helpful or even crucial. This review is updated summary about HNF1A-MODY genetics, pathophysiology, clinics functional studies and variant classification.
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Association of Common Variants in HNF1A Gene with Serum AFP Level in Healthy Chinese Individuals and HCC Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2019:6273497. [PMID: 31915469 PMCID: PMC6935455 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6273497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a widely used tumor marker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 40% of newly diagnosed patients do not have an elevated AFP level. Research has revealed that mutations in the HNF1A binding site of the AFP gene promoter cause significantly elevated serum AFP levels in patients with hereditary persistence of AFP. This study investigated the relationship between HNF1A genetic variants and serum AFP levels. We examined the association between the HNF1A-rs1169288 (A/C), rs2464196 (G/A), and rs1169310 (C/T) polymorphisms and AFP levels in a healthy Chinese population (n = 1010) and HCC patients (n = 185). Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by the amplification refractory mutation system combined with TaqMan probe in real-time PCR. The serum AFP concentrations were measured using the Architect i2000 immunochemistry analyzer. In healthy individuals, serum AFP levels were significantly lower with the rs2464196-AA and rs1169310-TT genotypes. Similar significant differences were observed in HCC patients. Moreover, in HCC patients, the distribution frequencies of rs2464196-AA+AG and rs1169310-TT+TC among those with AFP ≤ 20 ng/ml or ≤400 ng/ml were significantly lower than those in patients with AFP > 20 ng/ml or >400 ng/ml. Among all subjects, those carrying the HNF1A-rs2464196-A or rs1169310-T allele tended to have low levels of AFP. However, the HNF1A-rs1169288 polymorphism showed no significant association with the serum AFP level. These findings provide new insight into the genetic determinants of serum AFP level and can aid the differential diagnosis of HCC patients with low serum AFP.
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Nocera D, Menniti M, Belviso S, Bond HM, Lanzillotta D, Spoleti CB, Guagliardi MR, Malatesta P, Trapasso F, Irace C, Perrotti N, Iuliano R. Functional characterization of p.Pro409His variant in HNF1A, a hypomorphic mutation involved in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:883-888. [PMID: 30963309 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS HNF1A is a gene coding for the transcription factor HNF1-α, mutated in some forms of MODY and type 2 diabetes mellitus characterized by a strong genetic component. The penetrance of HNF1A variants differs considerably; thus, to assess the genetic risk of diabetes in carrier subjects of a HNF1A mutant allele, a functional characterization of mutant forms is of paramount importance. METHODS The HNF1A gene was sequenced in two patients with partly discordant diabetic phenotype, carrying the p.Pro409His variant. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the variant, we measured the transactivation power of the corresponding P408H HNF1-α mutant mouse form on HNF1-α target promoters. RESULTS We found a lower but detectable activity of transactivation of the mutant form compared with the wild-type form and we excluded mechanisms of protein degradation or nuclear mislocalization. CONCLUSIONS The HNF1A mutation p.Pro409His can be considered a mild variant that confers a moderate risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in heterozygous carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Nocera
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Mater Domini, Viale T. Campanella, 115, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miranda Menniti
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Belviso
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Heather Mandy Bond
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Delia Lanzillotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Barbara Spoleti
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Guagliardi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Mater Domini, Viale T. Campanella, 115, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Malatesta
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Mater Domini, Viale T. Campanella, 115, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Mater Domini, Viale T. Campanella, 115, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Concetta Irace
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Mater Domini, Viale T. Campanella, 115, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Mater Domini, Viale T. Campanella, 115, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Yabe SG, Nishida J, Fukuda S, Takeda F, Nasiro K, Yasuda K, Iwasaki N, Okochi H. Expression of mutant mRNA and protein in pancreatic cells derived from MODY3- iPS cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217110. [PMID: 31145732 PMCID: PMC6542550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterozygous monogenic diabetes; more than 14 disease genes have been identified. However, the pathogenesis of MODY is not fully understood because the patients' pancreatic beta cells are inaccessible. To elucidate the pathology of MODY, we established MODY3 patient-derived iPS (MODY3-iPS) cells using non-integrating Sendai virus (SeV) vector and examined the mutant mRNA and protein of HNF1A (Hepatocyte Nuclear factor 1A) after pancreatic lineage differentiation. Our patient had a cytosine insertion in the HNF1A gene (P291fsinsC) causing frameshift and making a premature termination codon (PTC). We confirmed these MODY3-iPS cells possessed the characteristics of pluripotent stem cells. After we differentiated them into pancreatic beta cells, transcripts of HNF1A gene were cloned and sequenced. We found that P291fsinsC mutant transcripts were much less frequent than wild ones, but they increased after adding cycloheximide (CHX) to the medium. These results suggested that mutant mRNA was destroyed by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Moreover, we were not able to detect any band of mutant proteins in pancreatic lineage cells which were differentiated from MODY3-iPSCs by western blot (WB) analysis. A scarcity of the truncated form of mutant protein may indicate that MODY3 might be caused by a haplo-insufficiency effect rather than a dominant negative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu G. Yabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Fukuda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujie Takeda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Nasiro
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Iwasaki
- Institute of Geriatrics, Diabetes Center, Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okochi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Locke JM, Saint-Martin C, Laver TW, Patel KA, Wood AR, Sharp SA, Ellard S, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Hattersley AT, Harries LW, Weedon MN. The Common HNF1A Variant I27L Is a Modifier of Age at Diabetes Diagnosis in Individuals With HNF1A-MODY. Diabetes 2018; 67:1903-1907. [PMID: 29895593 PMCID: PMC6109380 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is wide variation in the age at diagnosis of diabetes in individuals with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to a mutation in the HNF1A gene. We hypothesized that common variants at the HNF1A locus (rs1169288 [I27L], rs1800574 [A98V]), which are associated with type 2 diabetes susceptibility, may modify age at diabetes diagnosis in individuals with HNF1A-MODY. Meta-analysis of two independent cohorts, comprising 781 individuals with HNF1A-MODY, found no significant associations between genotype and age at diagnosis. However after stratifying according to type of mutation (protein-truncating variant [PTV] or missense), we found each 27L allele to be associated with a 1.6-year decrease (95% CI -2.6, -0.7) in age at diagnosis, specifically in the subset (n = 444) of individuals with a PTV. The effect size was similar and significant across the two independent cohorts of individuals with HNF1A-MODY. We report a robust genetic modifier of HNF1A-MODY age at diagnosis that further illustrates the strong effect of genetic variation within HNF1A upon diabetes phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Locke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
| | - Cécile Saint-Martin
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Thomas W Laver
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Seth A Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Christine Bellanné-Chantelot
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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The E3 SUMO ligase PIASγ is a novel interaction partner regulating the activity of diabetes associated hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12780. [PMID: 30143652 PMCID: PMC6109179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF-1A) is involved in normal pancreas development and function. Rare variants in the HNF1A gene can cause monogenic diabetes, while common variants confer type 2 diabetes risk. The precise mechanisms for regulation of HNF-1A, including the role and function of post-translational modifications, are still largely unknown. Here, we present the first evidence for HNF-1A being a substrate of SUMOylation in cellulo and identify two lysine (K) residues (K205 and K273) as SUMOylation sites. Overexpression of protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIASγ) represses the transcriptional activity of HNF-1A and is dependent on simultaneous HNF-1A SUMOylation at K205 and K273. Moreover, PIASγ is a novel HNF-1A interaction partner whose expression leads to translocation of HNF-1A to the nuclear periphery. Thus, our findings support that the E3 SUMO ligase PIASγ regulates HNF-1A SUMOylation with functional implications, representing new targets for drug development and precision medicine in diabetes.
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Najmi LA, Aukrust I, Flannick J, Molnes J, Burtt N, Molven A, Groop L, Altshuler D, Johansson S, Bjørkhaug L, Njølstad PR. Functional Investigations of HNF1A Identify Rare Variants as Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in the General Population. Diabetes 2017; 66:335-346. [PMID: 27899486 PMCID: PMC5860263 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Variants in HNF1A encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF-1A) are associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young form 3 (MODY 3) and type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether functional classification of HNF1A rare coding variants can inform models of diabetes risk prediction in the general population by analyzing the effect of 27 HNF1A variants identified in well-phenotyped populations (n = 4,115). Bioinformatics tools classified 11 variants as likely pathogenic and showed no association with diabetes risk (combined minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.22%; odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% CI 0.73-5.60; P = 0.18). However, a different set of 11 variants that reduced HNF-1A transcriptional activity to <60% of normal (wild-type) activity was strongly associated with diabetes in the general population (combined MAF 0.22%; OR 5.04; 95% CI 1.99-12.80; P = 0.0007). Our functional investigations indicate that 0.44% of the population carry HNF1A variants that result in a substantially increased risk for developing diabetes. These results suggest that functional characterization of variants within MODY genes may overcome the limitations of bioinformatics tools for the purposes of presymptomatic diabetes risk prediction in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laeya Abdoli Najmi
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Janne Molnes
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Noel Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Bjørkhaug
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Magaña‐Cerino JM, Luna‐Arias JP, Labra‐Barrios ML, Avendaño‐Borromeo B, Boldo‐León XM, Martínez‐López MC. Identification and functional analysis of c.422_423InsT, a novel mutation of the HNF1A gene in a patient with diabetes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:50-65. [PMID: 28116330 PMCID: PMC5241209 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HNF1A gene regulates liver-specific genes, and genes that have a role in glucose metabolism, transport, and secretion of insulin. HNF1A gene mutations are frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. HNF1A protein has three domains: the dimerization domain, the DNA-binding domain, and the trans-activation domain. Some mutations in the dimerization or DNA-binding domains have no influence on the normal allele, while others have dominant negative effects. The I27L, A98V, and S487N polymorphisms are common variants of the HNF1A gene; they have been found in T2D and non-diabetic subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched for mutations in the first three exons of the HNF1A gen in an Amerindian population of 71 diabetic patients. DNA sequencing revealed the previously reported I27L polymorphism (c.79A>C) in 53% of diabetic patients and in 67% of the control group. Thus, the I27L/L27L polymorphism might be a marker of Amerindians. In addition, we found the c.422_423InsT mutation in the HNF1A gene of one patient, which had not been previously reported. This mutation resulted in a frame shift of the open reading frame and a new translation stop in codon 187, leading to a truncated polypeptide of 186 amino acids (Q141Hfs*47). This novel mutation affects the DNA-binding capacity of the mutant HNF1A protein by EMSA; its intracellular localization by fluorescence and confocal microscopy, and a dominant-negative effect affecting the DNA-binding capacity of the normal HNF1A by EMSA. We also studied the homology modeling structure to understand the effect of this mutation on its DNA-binding capacity and its dominant negative effect. CONCLUSION The HNF1A Q141Hfs*47 mutant polypeptide has no DNA-binding capacity and exerts a dominant negative effect on the HNF1A protein. Therefore, it might produce severe phenotypic effects on the expression levels of a set of β-cell genes. Consequently, its screening should be included in the genetic analysis of diabetic patients after more functional studies are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Miguel Magaña‐Cerino
- Centro de Investigación y PosgradoLaboratorio de Diagnóstico MolecularDivisión Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS)Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT)Ave. Gregorio Méndez Magaña. No 2838‐A, Col. Tamulté de las BarrancasVillahermosaC.P. 86150México
| | - Juan P. Luna‐Arias
- Departamento de Biología CelularCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro ZacatencoCiudad de MéxicoC.P. 07360México
| | - María Luisa Labra‐Barrios
- Departamento de Biología CelularCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro ZacatencoCiudad de MéxicoC.P. 07360México
| | - Bartolo Avendaño‐Borromeo
- Departamento de Biología CelularCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV‐IPN)Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro ZacatencoCiudad de MéxicoC.P. 07360México
| | - Xavier Miguel Boldo‐León
- Centro de Investigación y PosgradoLaboratorio de Diagnóstico MolecularDivisión Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS)Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT)Ave. Gregorio Méndez Magaña. No 2838‐A, Col. Tamulté de las BarrancasVillahermosaC.P. 86150México
| | - Mirian Carolina Martínez‐López
- Centro de Investigación y PosgradoLaboratorio de Diagnóstico MolecularDivisión Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS)Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT)Ave. Gregorio Méndez Magaña. No 2838‐A, Col. Tamulté de las BarrancasVillahermosaC.P. 86150México
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21
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Tubular proteinuria in patients with HNF1α mutations: HNF1α drives endocytosis in the proximal tubule. Kidney Int 2016; 89:1075-1089. [PMID: 27083284 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) is a transcription factor expressed in the liver, pancreas, and proximal tubule of the kidney. Mutations of HNF1α cause an autosomal dominant form of diabetes mellitus (MODY-HNF1A) and tubular dysfunction. To gain insights into the role of HNF1α in the proximal tubule, we analyzed Hnf1a-deficient mice. Compared with wild-type littermates, Hnf1a knockout mice showed low-molecular-weight proteinuria and a 70% decrease in the uptake of β2-microglobulin, indicating a major endocytic defect due to decreased expression of megalin/cubilin receptors. We identified several binding sites for HNF1α in promoters of Lrp2 and Cubn genes encoding megalin and cubilin, respectively. The functional interaction of HNF1α with these promoters was shown in C33 epithelial cells lacking endogenous HNF1α. Defective receptor-mediated endocytosis was confirmed in proximal tubule cells from these knockout mice and could be rescued by transfection of wild-type but not mutant HNF1α. Transfection of human proximal tubule HK2 cells with HNF1α was able to upregulate megalin and cubilin expression and to increase endocytosis of albumin. Low-molecular-weight proteinuria was consistently detected in individuals with HNF1A mutations compared with healthy controls and patients with non-MODY-HNF1A diabetes mellitus. Thus, HNF1α plays a key role in the constitutive expression of megalin and cubilin, hence regulating endocytosis in the proximal tubule of the kidney. These findings provide new insight into the renal phenotype of individuals with mutations of HNF1A.
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Balamurugan K, Bjørkhaug L, Mahajan S, Kanthimathi S, Njølstad PR, Srinivasan N, Mohan V, Radha V. Structure-function studies of HNF1A (MODY3) gene mutations in South Indian patients with monogenic diabetes. Clin Genet 2016; 90:486-495. [PMID: 26853433 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic form of diabetes characterized by onset of diabetes below 25 years of age, autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and primary defect in insulin secretion. Mutations in the gene (HNF1A) encoding transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF-1A) results in one of the most common forms of MODY (MODY3). HNF-1A is mainly enriched in pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes and important for organ development and normal pancreatic function. We here report on the functional interrogation of eight missense HNF1A mutations associated with MODY3 in South Indian subjects, and the contributing effect of common variant (S487N) within HNF1A. Of the eight mutations, three mutations (p.R171G, p.G245R and p.R263H), in particular, affected HNF-1A function in transfected HeLa cells by reducing both transcriptional activity and nuclear localization, possibly due to disruption of the integrity of the three dimensional structure. The common variant p.S487N contributed further to the loss-of-function of p.R271Q (p.R271Q+p.S487N double mutant), in vitro, on both activity and localization. Our data on the first functional study of HNF1A mutations in South India subjects confers that the defect of the HNF-1A mutant proteins are responsible for MODY3 diabetes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Balamurugan
- Department of Molecular genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - L Bjørkhaug
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Mahajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - S Kanthimathi
- Department of Molecular genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - P R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - N Srinivasan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - V Mohan
- Department of Molecular genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
| | - V Radha
- Department of Molecular genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention & Control, IDF Centre of Education, Chennai, India
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Jonasson ME, Wicklow BA, Sellers EAC, Dolinsky VW, Doucette CA. Exploring the role of the HNF-1αG319S polymorphism in β cell failure and youth-onset type 2 diabetes: Lessons from MODY and Hnf-1α-deficient animal models. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:487-94. [PMID: 26176428 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing worldwide, disproportionately affecting Indigenous youth with Oji-Cree heritage from central Canada. Candidate gene screening has uncovered a novel and private polymorphism in the Oji-Cree population in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF-1α) gene, where a highly conserved glycine residue at position 319 is changed to a serine (termed HNF-1αG319S or simply G319S). Oji-Cree youth who carry one or two copies of the "S-allele" present at diagnosis with less obesity, reduced indicators of insulin resistance, and lower plasma insulin levels at diagnosis, suggestive of a primary defect in the insulin-secreting β cells. Few studies on the impact of the HNF-1αG319S variant on β cell function have been performed to date; however, much can be learned from other clinical phenotypes of HNF-1α-deficiency, including HNF-1α mutations that cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3). In addition, evaluation of Hnf-1α-deficient murine models reveals that HNF-1α plays a central role in the regulation of insulin secretion by regulating the expression of key genes involved in β cell glucose-sensing, mitochondrial function, and the maintenance of the β cell phenotype in differentiated β cells. The overall goal of this minireview is to explore the impact of HNF-1α-deficiency on the β cell to better inform future research into the mechanisms of β cell dysfunction in Oji-Cree youth with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Jonasson
- d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Brandy A Wicklow
- b Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, CE-208 Childrens Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A C Sellers
- b Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, CE-208 Childrens Hospital, 840 Sherbrook Street, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- c Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, A203 Chown Bldg., 753 McDermot Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Christine A Doucette
- a College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, 432 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.,d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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Plaisance V, Waeber G, Regazzi R, Abderrahmani A. Role of microRNAs in islet beta-cell compensation and failure during diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:618652. [PMID: 24734255 PMCID: PMC3964735 DOI: 10.1155/2014/618652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell function and mass are markedly adaptive to compensate for the changes in insulin requirement observed during several situations such as pregnancy, obesity, glucocorticoids excess, or administration. This requires a beta-cell compensation which is achieved through a gain of beta-cell mass and function. Elucidating the physiological mechanisms that promote functional beta-cell mass expansion and that protect cells against death, is a key therapeutic target for diabetes. In this respect, several recent studies have emphasized the instrumental role of microRNAs in the control of beta-cell function. MicroRNAs are negative regulators of gene expression, and are pivotal for the control of beta-cell proliferation, function, and survival. On the one hand, changes in specific microRNA levels have been associated with beta-cell compensation and are triggered by hormones or bioactive peptides that promote beta-cell survival and function. Conversely, modifications in the expression of other specific microRNAs contribute to beta-cell dysfunction and death elicited by diabetogenic factors including, cytokines, chronic hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidized LDL. This review underlines the importance of targeting the microRNA network for future innovative therapies aiming at preventing the beta-cell decline in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Plaisance
- Lille 2 University, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, UMR-8199 Lille, France
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital-University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romano Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Lille 2 University, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, UMR-8199 Lille, France
- *Amar Abderrahmani:
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25
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Ekholm E, Nilsson R, Groop L, Pramfalk C. Alterations in bile acid synthesis in carriers of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α mutations. J Intern Med 2013; 274:263-72. [PMID: 23607861 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heterozygous mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) cause maturity onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3), an autosomal dominant form of diabetes. Deficiency of HNF1α in mice results in diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and increased bile acid (BA) and cholesterol synthesis. Little is known about alterations in lipid metabolism in patients with MODY3. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with MODY3 have altered cholesterol and BA synthesis and intestinal cholesterol absorption. A secondary aim was to investigate the effects of HNF1α mutations on the transcriptional regulation of BA metabolism. METHODS Plasma biomarkers of BA and cholesterol synthesis and intestinal cholesterol absorption were measured in patients with MODY3 (n = 19) and in matched healthy control subjects (n = 15). Cotransfection experiments were performed with several promoters involved in BA metabolism along with expression vectors carrying the mutations found in these patients. RESULTS Plasma analysis showed higher levels of BA synthesis in patients with MODY3. No differences were observed in cholesterol synthesis or intestinal cholesterol absorption. Cotransfection experiments showed that one of the mutations (P379A) increased the induction of the cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase promoter compared with HNF1α, without further differences in other studied promoters. By contrast, the other four mutations (L107I, T260M, P291fsinsC and R131Q) reduced the induction of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) promoter, which was followed by reduced repression of the small heterodimer partner promoter. In addition, these mutations also reduced the induction of the apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter promoter. CONCLUSIONS BA synthesis is increased in patients with MODY3 compared with control subjects. Mutations in HNF1α affect promoters involved in BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ekholm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden
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Thanabalasingham G, Huffman JE, Kattla JJ, Novokmet M, Rudan I, Gloyn AL, Hayward C, Adamczyk B, Reynolds RM, Muzinic A, Hassanali N, Pucic M, Bennett AJ, Essafi A, Polasek O, Mughal SA, Redzic I, Primorac D, Zgaga L, Kolcic I, Hansen T, Gasperikova D, Tjora E, Strachan MW, Nielsen T, Stanik J, Klimes I, Pedersen OB, Njølstad PR, Wild SH, Gyllensten U, Gornik O, Wilson JF, Hastie ND, Campbell H, McCarthy MI, Rudd PM, Owen KR, Lauc G, Wright AF. Mutations in HNF1A result in marked alterations of plasma glycan profile. Diabetes 2013; 62:1329-37. [PMID: 23274891 PMCID: PMC3609552 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A) as a key regulator of fucosylation. We hypothesized that loss-of-function HNF1A mutations causal for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) would display altered fucosylation of N-linked glycans on plasma proteins and that glycan biomarkers could improve the efficiency of a diagnosis of HNF1A-MODY. In a pilot comparison of 33 subjects with HNF1A-MODY and 41 subjects with type 2 diabetes, 15 of 29 glycan measurements differed between the two groups. The DG9-glycan index, which is the ratio of fucosylated to nonfucosylated triantennary glycans, provided optimum discrimination in the pilot study and was examined further among additional subjects with HNF1A-MODY (n = 188), glucokinase (GCK)-MODY (n = 118), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-α (HNF4A)-MODY (n = 40), type 1 diabetes (n = 98), type 2 diabetes (n = 167), and nondiabetic controls (n = 98). The DG9-glycan index was markedly lower in HNF1A-MODY than in controls or other diabetes subtypes, offered good discrimination between HNF1A-MODY and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (C statistic ≥ 0.90), and enabled us to detect three previously undetected HNF1A mutations in patients with diabetes. In conclusion, glycan profiles are altered substantially in HNF1A-MODY, and the DG9-glycan index has potential clinical value as a diagnostic biomarker of HNF1A dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya Thanabalasingham
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Jayesh J. Kattla
- Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, U.K
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca M. Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Ana Muzinic
- Genos Ltd., Glycobiology Division, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neelam Hassanali
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Maja Pucic
- Genos Ltd., Glycobiology Division, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amanda J. Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Abdelkader Essafi
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Saima A. Mughal
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Irma Redzic
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Primorac
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- University of Osijek School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Daniela Gasperikova
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erling Tjora
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Trine Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juraj Stanik
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Children Diabetes Centre at the First Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine at the Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iwar Klimes
- DIABGENE and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Oluf B. Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Hagedorn Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Nicholas D. Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Trust for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- Dublin-Oxford Glycobiology Laboratory, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katharine R. Owen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Ltd., Glycobiology Division, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
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Urbanová J, Rypáčková B, Kučera P, Anděl M, Heneberg P. Should the Negativity for Islet Cell Autoantibodies Be Used in a Prescreening for Genetic Testing in Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young? The Case of Autoimmunity-Associated Destruction of Pancreatic β-Cells in a Family of HNF1A-MODY Subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:279-84. [DOI: 10.1159/000346906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Fang Q, Chen S, Wang Y, Jiang S, Zhang R, Hu C, Wang C, Liu F, Xiang K, Jia W. Functional analyses of the mutation nt-128 T→G in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α promoter region in Chinese diabetes pedigrees. Diabet Med 2012; 29:1456-64. [PMID: 22413961 PMCID: PMC3570122 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF-1α) regulates the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Mutations in the HNF-1α gene cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young Type 3. However, the mechanism leading to this disease has not been completely ascertained. Previously, we found a novel mutation in the regulatory element of the human HNF-1α gene in two Chinese diabetes pedigrees. The nucleotide at position -128 T was substituted by G (nt-128 T→G). In this study, we analysed the functional defect of nt-128 T→G in HNF-1α transcription activity. METHODS Luciferase reporter gene assays were carried out to examine the functional characteristics of this mutant. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to confirm the binding of nuclear proteins to oligonucleotides. RESULTS The variant construct (nt-128 T→G) had a 1.65-fold increase in promoter activity compared with that of the wild-type construct in HepG2 cells and a 1.33-fold increase in MIN6 cells, respectively. The variant resided at a FOXA/HNF-3 binding site identified by a series of competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assays and antibody supershift analyses. The assays showed a differential binding affinity in the wild-type and the nt-128 T→G mutant fragments by FOXA/HNF-3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that FOXA/HNF-3 bound to this region in vivo. One nucleotide substitution in the FOXA/HNF-3 site in the human HNF-1α regulatory element caused an increase of HNF-1α transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that this substitution in the promoter region affects DNA-protein interaction and HNF-1α gene transcription. The mutant may contribute to the development of diabetes in these two nt-128 T→G pedigrees of Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Harries LW. Messenger RNA processing and its role in diabetes. Diabet Med 2011; 28:1010-7. [PMID: 21699562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The past few years have seen huge advances in our understanding of the genetics of diabetes. However, definition of the mechanisms that underpin these observations is less clear. It is now becoming apparent that the processes that mediate these effects are complex and interlinked, and will require consideration of other factors in addition to the DNA sequence. The information in our genes is conveyed to the cellular machinery via an intermediate molecule, RNA. However, we now understand that RNA is not merely a messenger, as RNA-based mechanisms are responsible for a large proportion of the fine-tuning of gene expression and gene regulation. The initial RNA transcript produced undergoes a series of modifications known as RNA processing to generate a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). This includes addition of the 5' cap sequences and the poly-A tail of the mRNA molecule, and removal of its intronic sequences. The exact pattern of mRNA processing may vary from cell type to cell type and differ in response to internal and external stimuli. In this review, using examples from my own work, I will outline how mRNA processing mechanisms can sometimes provide a mode of action for mutations causing monogenic diabetes, and also suggest potential explanations for phenotypic variation in this condition. The potential for mRNA processing to impact on more complex causes of diabetes as well will also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Harries
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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30
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Nagaoka M, Duncan SA. Transcriptional control of hepatocyte differentiation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 97:79-101. [PMID: 21074730 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385233-5.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the largest glandular organ in the body and plays a central role in controlling metabolism. During hepatogenesis, complex developmental processes must generate an array of cell types that are spatially arranged to generate a hepatic architecture that is essential to support liver function. The processes that control the ultimate formation of the liver are diverse and complex and in many cases poorly defined. Much of the focus of research during the past three decades has been on understanding how hepatocytes, which are the predominant liver parenchymal cells, differentiate during embryogenesis. Through a combination of mouse molecular genetics, embryology, and molecular biochemistry, investigators have defined a myriad of transcription factors that combine to control formation and function of hepatocytes. Here, we will review the major discoveries that underlie our current understanding of transcriptional regulation of hepatocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nagaoka
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Dusatkova P, Pruhova S, Sumnik Z, Kolouskova S, Obermannova B, Cinek O, Lebl J. HNF1A mutation presenting with fetal macrosomia and hypoglycemia in childhood prior to onset of overt diabetes. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2011; 24:187-9. [PMID: 21648289 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2011.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HNF1A-MODY (MODY3) is a common subtype of autosomal dominant diabetes. Unlike HNF4-MODY where fetal macrosomia and early postnatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia have been reported, history of transient insulin overproduction has not yet been recognized in individuals with HNF1A-MODY. CASE REPORT Here, we report on a 40-year-old male patient with HNF1A mutation p.Arg272His (c.815G>A) having a history of fetal macrosomia (4750 g, 59 cm), and, at least, one attack of symptomatic hypoglycemia in childhood. Diabetes was subsequently diagnosed at 19 years of age. The proband's daughter who developed diabetes at 16 years carries the same mutation, but her birth weight and length were in the upper normal range, and she never experienced hypoglycemic symptoms. CONCLUSION The observation of fetal macrosomia and hypoglycemia in childhood is indicative of a biphasic impact of the HNF1A mutation on p-cell function over the lifespan, leading from inappropriate insulin oversecretion to final clinical diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dusatkova
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dušátková P, Průhová Š, Šumník Z, Koloušková S, Obermannová B, Cinek O, Lebl J. HNF1A mutation presenting with fetal macrosomia and hypoglycemia in childhood prior to onset of overt diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2011.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jeannot E, Mellottee L, Bioulac-Sage P, Balabaud C, Scoazec JY, Tran Van Nhieu J, Bacq Y, Michalak S, Buob D, Laurent-Puig P, Rusyn I, Zucman-Rossi J. Spectrum of HNF1A somatic mutations in hepatocellular adenoma differs from that in patients with MODY3 and suggests genotoxic damage. Diabetes 2010; 59:1836-44. [PMID: 20393147 PMCID: PMC2889786 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) is a consequence of heterozygous germline mutation in HNF1A. A subtype of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is also caused by biallelic somatic HNF1A mutations (H-HCA), and rare HCA may be related to MODY3. To better understand a relationship between the development of MODY3 and HCA, we compared both germline and somatic spectra of HNF1A mutations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared 151 somatic HNF1A mutations in HCA with 364 germline mutations described in MODY3. We searched for genotoxic and oxidative stress features in HCA and surrounding liver tissue. RESULTS A spectrum of HNF1A somatic mutations significantly differed from the germline changes in MODY3. In HCA, we identified a specific hot spot at codon 206, nonsense and frameshift mutations mainly in the NH(2)-terminal part, and almost all amino acid substitutions were restricted to the POU-H domain. The high frequency of G-to-T tranversions, predominantly found on the nontranscribed DNA strand, suggested a genotoxic mechanism. However, no features of oxidative stress were observed in the nontumor liver tissue. Finally, in a few MODY3 patients with HNF1A germline mutation leading to amino acid substitutions outside the POU-H domain, we identified a different subtype of HCA either with a gp130 and/or CTNNB1 activating mutation. CONCLUSIONS Germline HNF1A mutations could be associated with different molecular subtypes of HCA. H-HCA showed mutations profoundly inactivating hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha function; they are associated with a genotoxic signature suggesting a specific toxicant exposure that could be associated with genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Jeannot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U674, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucille Mellottee
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U674, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Paulette Bioulac-Sage
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U889, Université Bordeaux 2, IFR66, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Balabaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U889, Université Bordeaux 2, IFR66, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jeanne Tran Van Nhieu
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pathology Department, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Yannick Bacq
- Hôpital Trousseau, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sophie Michalak
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pathology Department, Angers, France
| | - David Buob
- Pôle Pathologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U775; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U674, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Jessica Zucman-Rossi,
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Dominant-negative mutant hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha induces diabetes in transgenic-cloned pigs. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:697-706. [PMID: 19357985 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pigs have been recognized as an excellent biomedical model for investigating a variety of human health issues. We developed genetically modified pigs that exhibit the apparent symptoms of diabetes. Transgenic cloned pigs carrying a mutant human hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha gene, which is known to cause the type 3 form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young, were produced using a combined technology of intracytoplasmic sperm injection-mediated gene transfer and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Although most of the 22 cloned offspring obtained died before weaning, four pigs that lived for 20-196 days were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus with nonfasting blood glucose levels greater than 200 mg/dl. Oral glucose tolerance test on a cloned pig also revealed a significant increase of blood glucose level after glucose loading. Histochemical analysis of pancreas tissue from the cloned pigs showed small and irregularly formed Langerhans Islets, in which poor insulin secretion was detected.
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Abstract
The genetic program controlled by transcription factors can be modulated by multiple mechanisms. Binding of coactivators or corepressors, for example, can modulate the transcription of target genes. Dudziak and colleagues identified novel HNF1beta-interacting proteins that, when overexpressed, affect nephrogenesis. These results could improve our understanding of the way HNF1beta controls kidney development.
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36
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Harries LW, Sloman MJ, Sellers EAC, Hattersley AT, Ellard S. Diabetes susceptibility in the Canadian Oji-Cree population is moderated by abnormal mRNA processing of HNF1A G319S transcripts. Diabetes 2008. [PMID: 18586913 PMCID: PMC2453634 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE—The G319S HNF1A variant is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Canadian Oji-Cree population. We hypothesized that the variant site at the 3′ end of exon 4 might influence splicing and characterized mRNA transcripts to investigate the mutational mechanism underlying this susceptibility to diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We established lymphoblastoid cell lines from a G319S homozygote and controls. HNF1A transcripts were characterized in the cell lines and pancreatic tissue by sequence analysis of RT-PCR products and quantification using real-time PCR. Susceptibility to mRNA surveillance was investigated using cycloheximide. RESULTS—Full-length G319S mRNA accounted for 24% of mRNA transcripts in the homozygous G319S cell line. A novel isoform lacking the terminal 12 bases of exon 4 was upregulated (55% of mRNA transcripts) compared with control cell lines (33%) and human pancreatic tissue (17%). Two abnormal transcripts present only in the G319S cell line included premature termination codons as a result of the inclusion of seven nucleotides from intron 4 or the deletion of exon 8. Cycloheximide treatment increased the levels of both transcripts. CONCLUSIONS—The G319S variant results in the production of two abnormal transcripts and an alteration in the relative balance of normal splicing products. This is predicted to lead to a reduction in total HNF1A transcript levels, but residual hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α protein activity in G319S homozygotes may still reach up to 66% of normal levels. A combination of abnormal splicing and reduced activity of the G319S protein may explain the diabetes susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, U.K.
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37
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Harries LW, Sloman MJ, Sellers EAC, Hattersley AT, Ellard S. Diabetes susceptibility in the Canadian Oji-Cree population is moderated by abnormal mRNA processing of HNF1A G319S transcripts. Diabetes 2008; 57:1978-82. [PMID: 18586913 PMCID: PMC2453634 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The G319S HNF1A variant is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Canadian Oji-Cree population. We hypothesized that the variant site at the 3' end of exon 4 might influence splicing and characterized mRNA transcripts to investigate the mutational mechanism underlying this susceptibility to diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We established lymphoblastoid cell lines from a G319S homozygote and controls. HNF1A transcripts were characterized in the cell lines and pancreatic tissue by sequence analysis of RT-PCR products and quantification using real-time PCR. Susceptibility to mRNA surveillance was investigated using cycloheximide. RESULTS Full-length G319S mRNA accounted for 24% of mRNA transcripts in the homozygous G319S cell line. A novel isoform lacking the terminal 12 bases of exon 4 was upregulated (55% of mRNA transcripts) compared with control cell lines (33%) and human pancreatic tissue (17%). Two abnormal transcripts present only in the G319S cell line included premature termination codons as a result of the inclusion of seven nucleotides from intron 4 or the deletion of exon 8. Cycloheximide treatment increased the levels of both transcripts. CONCLUSIONS The G319S variant results in the production of two abnormal transcripts and an alteration in the relative balance of normal splicing products. This is predicted to lead to a reduction in total HNF1A transcript levels, but residual hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha protein activity in G319S homozygotes may still reach up to 66% of normal levels. A combination of abnormal splicing and reduced activity of the G319S protein may explain the diabetes susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, U.K.
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38
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Vaxillaire M, Froguel P. Monogenic diabetes in the young, pharmacogenetics and relevance to multifactorial forms of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 2008; 29:254-64. [PMID: 18436708 DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most valuable breakthroughs in the genetics of type 2 diabetes for the past two decades have arisen from candidate gene studies and familial linkage analysis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), an autosomal dominant form of diabetes typically occurring before 25 years of age caused by primary insulin secretion defects. Despite its low prevalence, MODY is not a single entity but presents genetic, metabolic and clinical heterogeneity. MODY can result from mutations in at least six different genes encoding the glucose sensor enzyme glucokinase and transcription factors that participate in a regulatory network essential for adult beta-cell function. Additional genes have been described in other discrete phenotypes or syndromic forms of diabetes. Whereas common variants in the MODY genes contribute very modestly to type 2 diabetes susceptibility in adults, major findings emerging from the advent of genome-wide association studies will deliver an increasing number of genes and new pathways for the pathological events of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vaxillaire
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8090, Institute of Biology and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
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39
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Abstract
The importance of hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs), as well as other transcription factors in β-cell development and function, was underlined by the characterization of human mutations causing maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). HNF1A and HNF1B mutations lead to MODY forms 3 and 5, respectively. Thus, transcriptional control is an essential mechanism underlying the precise metabolic control exerted by β-cells in regulating insulin release. The diabetes phenotype of MODY3 (HNF1α) and the phenotypes of MODY5 (HNF1β), which can also include renal disease and genitourinary malformations, as well as neonatal diabetes and pancreatic agenesis, have now been described. However, detailed molecular pathology remains elusive. The large array of dominant-negative and deletion mutations, and the lack of structure-phenotype relationships for most mutations, have not helped us to formulate a mechanistic understanding. Further molecular studies of HNF1 actions and gene regulation are anticipated to provide useful insights into β-cell biology and potential therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Rhoads
- a Director, Pediatric Endocrine Research Laboratory, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 55 Fruit Street - BHX410, Boston, MA 02114-2696, USA.
| | - Lynne L Levitsky
- b Chief, Pediatric Endocrine Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 175 Cambridge Street - CPZS-5, Boston, MA 02114-2696, USA.
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40
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Bellanné-Chantelot C, Carette C, Riveline JP, Valéro R, Gautier JF, Larger E, Reznik Y, Ducluzeau PH, Sola A, Hartemann-Heurtier A, Lecomte P, Chaillous L, Laloi-Michelin M, Wilhem JM, Cuny P, Duron F, Guerci B, Jeandidier N, Mosnier-Pudar H, Assayag M, Dubois-Laforgue D, Velho G, Timsit J. The type and the position of HNF1A mutation modulate age at diagnosis of diabetes in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)-3. Diabetes 2008; 57:503-8. [PMID: 18003757 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical expression of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)-3 is highly variable. This may be due to environmental and/or genetic factors, including molecular characteristics of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha (HNF1A) gene mutation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the mutations identified in 356 unrelated MODY3 patients, including 118 novel mutations, and searched for correlations between the genotype and age at diagnosis of diabetes. RESULTS Missense mutations prevailed in the dimerization and DNA-binding domains (74%), while truncating mutations were predominant in the transactivation domain (62%). The majority (83%) of the mutations were located in exons 1- 6, thus affecting the three HNF1A isoforms. Age at diagnosis of diabetes was lower in patients with truncating mutations than in those with missense mutations (18 vs. 22 years, P = 0.005). Missense mutations affecting the dimerization/DNA-binding domains were associated with a lower age at diagnosis than those affecting the transactivation domain (20 vs. 30 years, P = 10(-4)). Patients with missense mutations affecting the three isoforms were younger at diagnosis than those with missense mutations involving one or two isoforms (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These data show that part of the variability of the clinical expression in MODY3 patients may be explained by the type and the location of HNF1A mutations. These findings should be considered in studies for the search of additional modifier genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bellanné-Chantelot
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Bât 6 rue Lapeyronie, 47/83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Lu P, Rha GB, Chi YI. Structural basis of disease-causing mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1beta. Biochemistry 2007; 46:12071-80. [PMID: 17924661 PMCID: PMC2367142 DOI: 10.1021/bi7010527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HNF1beta is an atypical POU transcription factor that participates in a hierarchical network of transcription factors controlling the development and proper function of vital organs such as liver, pancreas, and kidney. Many inheritable mutations on HNF1beta are the monogenic causes of diabetes and several kidney diseases. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of its function and the structural basis of mutations, we have determined the crystal structure of human HNF1beta DNA binding domain in complex with a high-affinity promoter. Disease-causing mutations have been mapped to our structure, and their predicted effects have been tested by a set of biochemical/ functional studies. These findings together with earlier findings with a homologous protein HNF1alpha, help us to understand the structural basis of promoter recognition by these atypical POU transcription factors and the site-specific functional disruption by disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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42
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Tward AD, Jones KD, Yant S, Cheung ST, Fan ST, Chen X, Kay MA, Wang R, Bishop JM. Distinct pathways of genomic progression to benign and malignant tumors of the liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:14771-6. [PMID: 17785413 PMCID: PMC1964540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706578104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used several of the genetic lesions commonly associated with human liver tumors to reconstruct genetic progression to hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma in mouse models. We initiated tumorigenesis with a transgene of the protooncogene MET or by hydrodynamic transfection of MET in combination with other genes into the livers of adult animals. Hepatocellular carcinoma in both instances arose from cooperation between MET and constitutively active versions of beta-catenin. In contrast, adenomas were produced by cooperation between MET and defective signaling through the transcription factor HNF1alpha. Prompted by these findings, we uncovered a coincidence between activation of the protein-tyrosine kinase encoded by MET and activating mutations of beta-catenin in a subset of human hepatocellular carcinomas. Inactivation of MET transgenes led to regression of hepatocellular carcinomas despite the persistence of activated beta-catenin. The tumors eventually recurred in the absence of MET expression, however, presumably after the occurrence of one or more events that cooperated with activated beta-catenin in lieu of MET. These results offer insight into hepatic tumorigenesis, provide mouse models that should be useful in the further study of hepatic tumorigenesis and for preclinical testing, and identify a subset of human hepatocellular carcinomas that may be susceptible to combination therapy directed against Met and the Wnt signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/etiology
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/genetics
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/metabolism
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/pathology
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha/metabolism
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Precipitin Tests
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transfection
- Transgenes
- beta Catenin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Tward
- *G. W. Hooper Foundation and Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | | | - Stephen Yant
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery and Centre for the Study of Liver Disease, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheung Tat Fan
- Department of Surgery and Centre for the Study of Liver Disease, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, and
| | - Mark A. Kay
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Rong Wang
- **Departments of Anatomy and Surgery and the Pacific Vascular Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - J. Michael Bishop
- *G. W. Hooper Foundation and Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
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Winckler W, Weedon MN, Graham RR, McCarroll SA, Purcell S, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Gaudet D, Boström KB, Walker M, Hitman G, Hattersley AT, McCarthy MI, Ardlie KG, Hirschhorn JN, Daly MJ, Frayling TM, Groop L, Altshuler D. Evaluation of common variants in the six known maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes for association with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2007; 56:685-93. [PMID: 17327436 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An important question in human genetics is the extent to which genes causing monogenic forms of disease harbor common variants that may contribute to the more typical form of that disease. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the extent to which common variation in the six known maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes, which cause a monogenic form of type 2 diabetes, is associated with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, we determined patterns of common sequence variation in the genes encoding Gck, Ipf1, Tcf2, and NeuroD1 (MODY2 and MODY4-MODY6, respectively), selected a comprehensive set of 107 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that captured common variation, and genotyped each in 4,206 patients and control subjects from Sweden, Finland, and Canada (including family-based studies and unrelated case-control subjects). All SNPs with a nominal P value <0.1 for association to type 2 diabetes in this initial screen were then genotyped in an additional 4,470 subjects from North America and Poland. Of 30 nominally significant SNPs from the initial sample, 8 achieved consistent results in the replication sample. We found the strongest effect at rs757210 in intron 2 of TCF2, with corrected P values <0.01 for an odds ratio (OR) of 1.13. This association was observed again in an independent sample of 5,891 unrelated case and control subjects and 500 families from the U.K., for an overall OR of 1.12 and a P value <10(-6) in >15,000 samples. We combined these results with our previous studies on HNF4alpha and TCF1 and explicitly tested for gene-gene interactions among these variants and with several known type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci, and we found no genetic interactions between these six genes. We conclude that although rare variants in these six genes explain most cases of MODY, common variants in these same genes contribute very modestly, if at all, to the common form of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Winckler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Holmkvist J, Cervin C, Lyssenko V, Winckler W, Anevski D, Cilio C, Almgren P, Berglund G, Nilsson P, Tuomi T, Lindgren CM, Altshuler D, Groop L. Common variants in HNF-1 alpha and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49:2882-91. [PMID: 17033837 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha gene (HNF-1alpha, now known as the transcription factor 1 gene [TCF1]) cause the most common monogenic form of diabetes, MODY3, but it is not known if common variants in HNF-1a are associated with decreased transcriptional activity or phenotypes related to type 2 diabetes, or whether they predict future type 2 diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied the effect of four common polymorphisms (rs1920792, I27L, A98V and S487N) in and upstream of the HNF-1alpha gene on transcriptional activity in vitro, and their possible association with type 2 diabetes and insulin secretion in vivo. RESULTS Certain combinations of the I27L and A98V polymorphisms in the HNF-1alpha gene showed decreased transcriptional activity on the target promoters glucose transporter 2 (now known as solute carrier family 2 [facilitated glucose transporter], member 2) and albumin in both HeLa and INS-1 cells. In vivo, these polymorphisms were associated with a modest but significant impairment in insulin secretion in response to oral glucose. Insulin secretion deteriorated over time in individuals carrying the V allele of the A98V polymorphism (n = 2,293; p = 0.003). In a new case-control (n = 1,511 and n = 2,225 respectively) data set, the I27L polymorphism was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, odds ratio (OR) = 1.5 (p = 0.002; multiple logistic regression), particularly in elderly (age > 60 years) and overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) patients (OR = 2.3, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study provides in vitro and in vivo evidence that common variants in the MODY3 gene, HNF-1alpha, influence transcriptional activity and insulin secretion in vivo. These variants are associated with a modestly increased risk of late-onset type 2 diabetes in subsets of elderly overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Holmkvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Clinical Research Center, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, S-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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45
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Navalón-García K, Mendoza-Alcantar L, Díaz-Vargas ME, Martínez-Godínez MA, Reyna-Garfias H, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Riba L, Canizales-Quinteros S, Villarreal-Molina T, González-Chávez A, Argueta-Villamar V, Tusié-Luna MT, Miliar-García A. HNF-1alpha G574S is a functional variant with decreased transactivation activity. Diabet Med 2006; 23:1295-300. [PMID: 17116178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the functional consequence of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha gene (HNF-1alpha) G574S variant previously proposed as a diabetes susceptibility allele, in a group of Mexican Type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS The transcriptional activity of the HNF-1alpha G574S recombinant protein on the human insulin promoter was assessed by transfection assays in RINm5f and HepG2 cell lines. RESULTS Two unrelated Mexican diabetic patients with no known African ancestry were found to carry the G574S variant. This substitution was not found among unrelated healthy control subjects. Whereas the G574S HNF-1alpha transcription activation of the human insulin promoter was 40% lower than that of the wild-type protein in RINm5f beta cells, no difference was found in a hepatic cell line (HepG2). CONCLUSIONS G574S affects the transactivation potential of HNF-1alpha on the insulin promoter in pancreatic beta-cells. Although it has been difficult to prove its role in the development of diabetes in case-control association studies, this variant exhibits functional effects consistent with it being a potential diabetes susceptibility allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Navalón-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Superior de Medicins, Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
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46
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Harries LW. Alternate mRNA processing of the hepatocyte nuclear factor genes and its role in monogenic diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2006; 1:715-726. [PMID: 30754156 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.1.6.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Variation in mRNA processing has the capacity to exert fine control over gene expression in most cell types. The hepatic nuclear factor genes, like approximately 74% of the genome, produce multiple transcripts. Hepatic nuclear factor isoforms exhibit both spatial and temporal variation in expression. In this review, the known isoforms of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α genes are described and their properties are compared. Finally, data are discussed regarding the influence of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α alternate mRNA processing on the clinical phenotype of maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna W Harries
- a RCUK Diabetes and Metabolism Academic Fellow, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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Tward AD, Jones KD, Yant S, Kay MA, Wang R, Bishop JM. Genomic progression in mouse models for liver tumors. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2006; 70:217-24. [PMID: 16869757 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2005.70.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The principal cause of human liver cancer is infection with hepatitis viruses B and C, but tumor progression is fueled by ensuing perturbations that confer gain of function on proto-oncogenes or loss of function on tumor suppressor genes. Frequent among these perturbations is overexpression of the proto-oncogene MET. We have modeled the pathogenesis of liver tumors by expressing conditional transgenes of MET in the hepatocytes of inbred mice. The response to the MET transgene varied with both the magnitude and timing of its expression but included hyperplasia of hepatic progenitor cells, as well as benign and malignant tumors that display both phenotypic and genotypic resemblances to human counterparts. The results reveal MET to be a crucial switch in the development of the liver; dramatize how different cellular compartments within a developmental lineage can give rise to distinctive tumor stem cells; delineate rules of tumor progression; provide evidence that the experimental tumors in mice are authentic models for human tumors; and support a role for MET in the genesis of human liver tumors. The models should be useful in elucidating the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and in the preclinical testing of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Tward
- GW Hooper Foundation, University of California at San Francisco, 94143, USA
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Ellard S, Colclough K. Mutations in the genes encoding the transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A) and 4 alpha (HNF4A) in maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Hum Mutat 2006; 27:854-69. [PMID: 16917892 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, early age of onset (often <25 years of age), and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. MODY is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with six different genes identified to date; glucokinase (GCK), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A, or TCF1), hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF4A), insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF1 or PDX1), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF1B or TCF2), and neurogenic differentiation 1 (NEUROD1). Mutations in the HNF1A gene are a common cause of MODY in the majority of populations studied. A total of 193 different mutations have been described in 373 families. The most common mutation is Pro291fs (P291fsinsC) in the polycytosine (poly C) tract of exon 4, which has been reported in 65 families. HNF4A mutations are rarer; 31 mutations reported in 40 families. Sensitivity to treatment with sulfonylurea tablets is a feature of both HNF1A and HNF4A mutations. The identification of an HNF1A or 4A gene mutation confirms a diagnosis of MODY and has important implications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Ellard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Identification of four novel mutations in the HNF-1A gene in Chinese early-onset and/or multiplex diabetes pedigrees. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200607010-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Harries LW, Ellard S, Stride A, Morgan NG, Hattersley AT. Isomers of the TCF1 gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha show differential expression in the pancreas and define the relationship between mutation position and clinical phenotype in monogenic diabetes. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2216-24. [PMID: 16760222 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of multiple transcripts by mRNA processing has the potential to moderate differences in gene expression both between tissues and at different stages of development. Where gene function is compromised by mutation, the presence of multiple isoforms may influence the resulting phenotype. Heterozygous mutations in the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A or TCF1 gene) result in early-onset diabetes as a result of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. We investigated the expression of the three alternatively processed isoforms of the HNF1A gene and their impact on the phenotype associated with mutations. Real-time PCR demonstrated variation in tissue expression of HNF1A isomers: HNF1A(A), with the lowest transactivation activity compared with the truncated isoforms HNF1A(B) and HNF1A(C), is the major isomer in liver (54%) and kidney (67%) but not in adult pancreas (24%) and islets (26%). However, in fetal pancreas HNF1A(A) is the major transcript (84%), which supports developmental regulation of isomer expression. We examined whether the isomers affected by the mutation altered the diabetes phenotype in 564 subjects with 123 mutations in HNF1A. Mutations that affected only isomer HNF1A(A) (exons 8-10) were diagnosed later (25.5 years) than mutations affecting all three isomers (exons 1-6) (18.0 years) (P=0.006). This first genotype/phenotype relationship described for patients with HNF1A mutations is explained by isomer structure and not by either mutation type or functional domain. We conclude that all three isomers may be critical for beta-cell function and could play a role in both the developing and mature beta cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clincal Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, UK.
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