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Lau APY, Khavkine Binstock SS, Thu KL. CD47: The Next Frontier in Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5229. [PMID: 37958404 PMCID: PMC10649163 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of PD-1/PD-L1-targeted therapy in lung cancer has resulted in great enthusiasm for additional immunotherapies in development to elicit similar survival benefits, particularly in patients who do not respond to or are ineligible for PD-1 blockade. CD47 is an immunosuppressive molecule that binds SIRPα on antigen-presenting cells to regulate an innate immune checkpoint that blocks phagocytosis and subsequent activation of adaptive tumor immunity. In lung cancer, CD47 expression is associated with poor survival and tumors with EGFR mutations, which do not typically respond to PD-1 blockade. Given its prognostic relevance, its role in facilitating immune escape, and the number of agents currently in clinical development, CD47 blockade represents a promising next-generation immunotherapy for lung cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize how tumors disrupt the cancer immunity cycle to facilitate immune evasion and their exploitation of immune checkpoints like the CD47-SIRPα axis. We also discuss approved immune checkpoint inhibitors and strategies for targeting CD47 that are currently being investigated. Finally, we review the literature supporting CD47 as a promising immunotherapeutic target in lung cancer and offer our perspective on key obstacles that must be overcome to establish CD47 blockade as the next standard of care for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa P. Y. Lau
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Sharon S. Khavkine Binstock
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Kelsie L. Thu
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
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Zhang H, Chen Z, Zhang A, Gupte AA, Hamilton DJ. The Role of Calcium Signaling in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031010. [PMID: 35162934 PMCID: PMC8835635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling plays important roles in physiological and pathological conditions, including cutaneous melanoma, the most lethal type of skin cancer. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), cell membrane calcium channels, calcium related proteins (S100 family, E-cadherin, and calpain), and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways are related to melanogenesis and melanoma tumorigenesis and progression. Calcium signaling influences the melanoma microenvironment, including immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), the vascular network, and chemical and physical surroundings. Other ionic channels, such as sodium and potassium channels, are engaged in calcium-mediated pathways in melanoma. Calcium signaling serves as a promising pharmacological target in melanoma treatment, and its dysregulation might serve as a marker for melanoma prediction. We documented calcium-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondria dysfunction, by targeting calcium channels and influencing [Ca2+]i and calcium homeostasis, and attenuated drug resistance in melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.Z.); (A.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Zhe Chen
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.Z.); (A.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anisha A. Gupte
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.Z.); (A.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dale J. Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (H.Z.); (A.Z.); (A.A.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medicine Affiliate, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(713)-441-4483
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Bogomiakova ME, Eremeev AV, Lagarkova MA. At Home among Strangers: Is It Possible to Create Hypoimmunogenic Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines? Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Peinado H, Zhang H, Matei IR, Costa-Silva B, Hoshino A, Rodrigues G, Psaila B, Kaplan RN, Bromberg JF, Kang Y, Bissell MJ, Cox TR, Giaccia AJ, Erler JT, Hiratsuka S, Ghajar CM, Lyden D. Pre-metastatic niches: organ-specific homes for metastases. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:302-317. [PMID: 28303905 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1148] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumour cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumour before metastatic spread has even occurred. Sowing the 'seeds' of metastasis requires the action of tumour-secreted factors and tumour-shed extracellular vesicles that enable the 'soil' at distant metastatic sites to encourage the outgrowth of incoming cancer cells. In this Review, we summarize the main processes and new mechanisms involved in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Peinado
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Irina R Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Goncalo Rodrigues
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bethan Psaila
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Center for Cancer Research, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-Hatfield CRC, Room 1-3940, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jacqueline F Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sachie Hiratsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Yang SY, Choi SA, Lee JY, Park AK, Wang KC, Phi JH, Koh EJ, Park WY, Park SH, Hwang DW, Jung HW, Kim SK. miR-192 suppresses leptomeningeal dissemination of medulloblastoma by modulating cell proliferation and anchoring through the regulation of DHFR, integrins, and CD47. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43712-30. [PMID: 26506238 PMCID: PMC4791261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main cause of death in medulloblastoma is recurrence associated with leptomeningeal dissemination. During this process, the role of microRNAs (miRs) in the acquisition of metastatic phenotype remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the miR involved in leptomeningeal dissemination and to elucidate its biological functional mechanisms. Materials and methods We analyzed the miR expression profiles of 29 medulloblastomas according to the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seeding. Differentially expressed miRs (DEmiRs) were validated in 29 medulloblastoma tissues and three medulloblastoma cell lines. The biological functions of the selected miRs were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo studies. Results A total of 12 DEmiRs were identified in medulloblastoma with seeding, including miR-192. The reduced expression of miR-192 was confirmed in the tumor seeding group and in the medulloblastoma cells. Overexpression of miR-192 inhibited cellular proliferation by binding DHFR. miR-192 decreased cellular anchoring via the repression of ITGAV, ITGB1, ITGB3, and CD47. Animals in the miR-192-treated group demonstrated a reduction of spinal seeding (P < 0.05) and a significant survival benefit (P < 0.05). Conclusions Medulloblastoma with seeding showed specific DEmiRs compared with those without. miR-192 suppresses leptomeningeal dissemination of medulloblastoma by modulating cell proliferation and anchoring ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeob Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae-Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Koh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Translational Genomics Laboratory, Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Won Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Caston SS, Cooper EE, Chandramani-Shivalingappa P, Sponseller BA, Hostetter JM, Sun Y. CD47 expression in cryopreserved equine cutaneous masses and normal skin. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:408-13. [PMID: 27154320 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716643352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated CD47 expression in cryopreserved sections of equine cutaneous masses and normal skin. CD47 is a cell surface protein expressed on many cell types and overexpressed in some tumors. Interaction of CD47 and signal regulatory protein-alpha (SIRPα) inhibits phagocytosis by macrophages. Formalin-fixed tissues from horses prospectively enrolled in the study were used to establish a histologic diagnosis. Immunohistochemical assays were performed on cryopreserved tissues using anti-CD47 antibodies or IgG control antibodies. CD47 was not expressed on equine normal skin but positivity to CD47 was present in 13 of 24 (54%) masses. Immunotherapy with anti-CD47 antibodies for equine cutaneous tumors that express CD47 warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Caston
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Caston, Cooper), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (Chandramani-Shivalingappa, Sponseller), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Pathology (Hostetter), Iowa State University, Ames, IACollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Statistics (Sun), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Elizabeth E Cooper
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Caston, Cooper), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (Chandramani-Shivalingappa, Sponseller), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Pathology (Hostetter), Iowa State University, Ames, IACollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Statistics (Sun), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Prashanth Chandramani-Shivalingappa
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Caston, Cooper), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (Chandramani-Shivalingappa, Sponseller), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Pathology (Hostetter), Iowa State University, Ames, IACollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Statistics (Sun), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Brett A Sponseller
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Caston, Cooper), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (Chandramani-Shivalingappa, Sponseller), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Pathology (Hostetter), Iowa State University, Ames, IACollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Statistics (Sun), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Jesse M Hostetter
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Caston, Cooper), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (Chandramani-Shivalingappa, Sponseller), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Pathology (Hostetter), Iowa State University, Ames, IACollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Statistics (Sun), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Caston, Cooper), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine (Chandramani-Shivalingappa, Sponseller), Iowa State University, Ames, IAVeterinary Pathology (Hostetter), Iowa State University, Ames, IACollege of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Statistics (Sun), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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CD47: A Cell Surface Glycoprotein Which Regulates Multiple Functions of Hematopoietic Cells in Health and Disease. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:614619. [PMID: 23401787 PMCID: PMC3564380 DOI: 10.1155/2013/614619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between cells and their surroundings are important for proper function and homeostasis in a multicellular organism. These interactions can either be established between the cells and molecules in their extracellular milieu, but also involve interactions between cells. In all these situations, proteins in the plasma membranes are critically involved to relay information obtained from the exterior of the cell. The cell surface glycoprotein CD47 (integrin-associated protein (IAP)) was first identified as an important regulator of integrin function, but later also was shown to function in ways that do not necessarily involve integrins. Ligation of CD47 can induce intracellular signaling resulting in cell activation or cell death depending on the exact context. By binding to another cell surface glycoprotein, signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), CD47 can regulate the function of cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In this spotlight paper, several functions of CD47 will be reviewed, although some functions may be more briefly mentioned. Focus will be on the ways CD47 regulates hematopoietic cells and functions such as CD47 signaling, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of phagocytosis or cell-cell fusion.
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Extranodal dissemination of non-Hodgkin lymphoma requires CD47 and is inhibited by anti-CD47 antibody therapy. Blood 2011; 118:4890-901. [PMID: 21828138 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-02-338020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) presents as both localized and disseminated disease with spread to secondary sites carrying a worse prognosis. Although pathways driving NHL dissemination have been identified, there are few therapies capable of inhibiting them. Here, we report a novel role for the immunomodulatory protein CD47 in NHL dissemination, and we demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of CD47 can prevent such spread. We developed 2 in vivo lymphoma metastasis models using Raji cells, a human NHL cell line, and primary cells from a lymphoma patient. CD47 expression was required for Raji cell dissemination to the liver in mouse xenotransplants. Targeting of CD47 with a blocking antibody inhibited Raji cell dissemination to major organs, including the central nervous system, and inhibited hematogenous dissemination of primary lymphoma cells. We hypothesized that anti-CD47 antibody-mediated elimination of circulating tumor cells occurred through phagocytosis, a previously described mechanism for blocking anti-CD47 antibodies. As predicted, inhibition of dissemination by anti-CD47 antibodies was dependent on blockade of phagocyte SIRPα and required macrophage effector cells. These results demonstrate that CD47 is required for NHL dissemination, which can be therapeutically targeted with a blocking anti-CD47 antibody. Ultimately, these findings are potentially applicable to the dissemination and metastasis of other solid tumors.
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The anti-tumor properties of two tumstatin peptide fragments in human gastric carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1307-15. [PMID: 19701238 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim was to study the anti-tumor activities and mechanisms of two synthetic peptide fragments of tumstatin (alpha3 (IV) NC1 domain) in human gastric carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS MTT assay and cell cycle assay were used to study the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities of two peptide fragments in vitro. Apoptosis induced by the two peptide fragments was demonstrated by TUNEL assay and morphological observation. The orthotopic tumor model was established to investigate the activities of two peptide fragments in vivo. Intratumor vascularization and the expressions of VEGF, bFGF, Fas, FasL, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3 were determined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Peptide 19 inhibited SGC-7901 proliferation and induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, peptide 21 suppressed the proliferation of HUVEC-12 cells in vitro. Each peptide arrested both cell lines at the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle, and they also synergistically suppressed in vitro and in vivo tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed the strong expression of Fas, FasL and caspase 3 in orthotopic tumor tissues treated with peptide 19 alone or in combination with peptide 21. Decreased expressions of VEGF and bFGF and decreased microvessel density (MVD) in orthotopic tumor tissues were seen in mice treated with peptide 21 alone or in combination with peptide 19. CONCLUSION Two tumstatin peptide fragments facilitate two unique antitumor activities. Thus, they are drug candidates in the treatment of gastric carcinoma.
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Erler JT, Bennewith KL, Cox TR, Lang G, Bird D, Koong A, Le QT, Giaccia AJ. Hypoxia-induced lysyl oxidase is a critical mediator of bone marrow cell recruitment to form the premetastatic niche. Cancer Cell 2009; 15:35-44. [PMID: 19111879 PMCID: PMC3050620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 903] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell metastasis is facilitated by "premetastatic niches" formed in destination organs by invading bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs). Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is critical for premetastatic niche formation. LOX secreted by hypoxic breast tumor cells accumulates at premetastatic sites, crosslinks collagen IV in the basement membrane, and is essential for CD11b+ myeloid cell recruitment. CD11b+ cells adhere to crosslinked collagen IV and produce matrix metalloproteinase-2, which cleaves collagen, enhancing the invasion and recruitment of BMDCs and metastasizing tumor cells. LOX inhibition prevents CD11b+ cell recruitment and metastatic growth. CD11b+ cells and LOX also colocalize in biopsies of human metastases. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for LOX in premetastatic niche formation and support targeting LOX for the treatment and prevention of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T. Erler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Medical Biophysics, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Thomas R. Cox
- Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Georgina Lang
- Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Demelza Bird
- Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Albert Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Amato J. Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Sudhakar A, Boosani CS. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by tumstatin: insights into signaling mechanisms and implications in cancer regression. Pharm Res 2008; 25:2731-9. [PMID: 18551250 PMCID: PMC7275098 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing tumors develop additional new blood vessels to meet the demand for adequate nutrients and oxygen, a process called angiogenesis. Cancer is a highly complex disease promoted by excess angiogenesis; interfering with this process poses for an attractive approach for controlling tumor growth. This hypothesis led to the identification of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors generated from type IV collagen, a major component of vascular basement membrane (VBM). Type IV collagen and the angiogenesis inhibitors derived from it are involved in complex roles, than just the molecular construction of basement membranes. Protease degradation of collagens in VBM occurs in various physiological and pathological conditions and produces several peptides. Some of these peptides are occupied in the regulation of functions conflicting from those of their original integral molecules. Tumstatin (alpha3(IV)NC1), a proteolytic C-terminal non-collagenous (NC1) domain from type IV collagen alpha3 chain has been highlighted recently because of its potential role in anti-angiogenesis, however its biological actions are not limited to these processes. alpha3(IV)NC1 inhibits proliferation by promoting endothelial cell apoptosis and suppresses diverse tumor angiogenesis, thus making it a potential candidate for future cancer therapy. The present review surveys the physiological functions of type IV collagen and discovery of alpha3(IV)NC1 as an antiangiogenic protein with a comprehensive overview of the knowledge gained by us towards understanding its signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akulapalli Sudhakar
- Cell Signaling and Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
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Abstract
The last two decades have seen spectacular advances in our understanding of the biology of melanoma and, in particular, have elucidated the mechanisms operative in disease initiation and progression. With respect to the former, the genetics of melanoma and in particular the impact of genetic defects on dysregulation of the cell cycle are key issues in malignant transformation and are a major focus of this review. With respect to the latter, consideration also is given to the acquisition of growth factor autonomy and the capacity for invasion and metastasis from the standpoint of cell adhesion, motility, and matrix digestion. These events have specific morphologic correlates that will be briefly addressed. Where relevant, we will address certain of the modern pharmacogenetic strategies that flow from these novel observations concerning melanoma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Neil Crowson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma and Regional Medical Laboratory, St. John Medical Center, Tulsa, OK 74114-4109, USA.
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Grant MA, Kalluri R. Structural basis for the functions of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2006; 70:399-410. [PMID: 16869777 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2005.70.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tipping the angiogenic balance between pro- and antiangiogenic stimuli to favor vasculature induction and enhanced angiogenesis is a key event in the growth and progression of tumors. Recently, we demonstrated that the genetic loss of normal physiological levels of individual endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis leads to a change in the balance between proangiogenic stimulators and their inhibitors, thus favoring enhanced angiogensis and increased tumor growth. Therefore, these endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors provide a physiological threshold against the induction of angiogenesis. The antiangiogenic activities of endostatin, tumstatin, and thrombospondin-1 are evaluated and correlated with their three-dimensional structure and active sites, deriving a structural basis for their activities. Collectively, structural analysis of all three inhibitors demonstrates that the active antiangiogenic sites on these molecules are exposed on the surface and available to bind their putative integrin receptors on proliferating endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Grant
- Center for Matrix Biology and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Borza CM, Pozzi A, Borza DB, Pedchenko V, Hellmark T, Hudson BG, Zent R. Integrin alpha3beta1, a novel receptor for alpha3(IV) noncollagenous domain and a trans-dominant Inhibitor for integrin alphavbeta3. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:20932-20939. [PMID: 16731529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601147200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous soluble human alpha3 noncollagenous (NC1) domain of collagen IV inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. These biological functions are attributed to the binding of alpha3NC1 to integrin alphavbeta3. However, in some tumor cells that express integrin alphavbeta3, the alpha3NC1 domain does not inhibit proliferation, suggesting that integrin alphavbeta3 expression is not sufficient to mediate the anti-tumorigenic activity of this domain. Therefore, in the present study, we searched for novel binding receptors for the soluble alpha3NC1 domain in cells lacking alphavbeta3 integrin. In these cells, soluble alpha3NC1 bound integrin alpha3beta1; however, unlike alphavbeta3, alpha3beta1 integrin did not mediate cell adhesion to immobilized alpha3NC1 domain. Interestingly, in cells lacking integrin alpha3beta1, adhesion to the alpha3NC1 domain was enhanced due to activation of integrin alphavbeta3. These findings indicate that integrin alpha3beta1 is a receptor for the alpha3NC1 domain and transdominantly inhibits integrin alphavbeta3 activation. Thus integrin alpha3beta1, in conjunction with integrin alphavbeta3, modulates cellular responses to the alpha3NC1 domain, which may be pivotal in the mechanism underpinning its anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M Borza
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372.
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372; Department of Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372
| | - Dorin-Bogdan Borza
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372
| | - Vadim Pedchenko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372
| | - Thomas Hellmark
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Lund University, S-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372.
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372; Department of Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2372.
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15
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Hamano Y, Kalluri R. Tumstatin, the NC1 domain of alpha3 chain of type IV collagen, is an endogenous inhibitor of pathological angiogenesis and suppresses tumor growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:292-8. [PMID: 15979458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is required for physiological development of vertebrates and repair of damaged tissue, but in the pathological setting contributes to progression of cancer. During tumor growth, angiogenesis is supported by up-regulation of angiogenic stimulators (pro-angiogenic) and down-regulation of angiogenic inhibitors (anti-angiogenic). The switch to the angiogenic phenotype (angiogenic switch) allows the tumors to grow and facilitate metastasis. The bioactive NC1 domain of type IV collagen alpha3 chain, called tumstatin, imparts anti-tumor activity by inducing apoptosis of proliferating endothelial cells. Tumstatin binds to alphaVbeta3 integrin via a mechanism independent of the RGD-sequence recognition and inhibits cap-dependent protein synthesis in the proliferating endothelial cells. The physiological level of tumstatin is controlled by matrix metalloproteinase-9, which most effectively cleaves it from the basement membrane and its physiological concentration in the circulation keeps pathological angiogenesis and tumor growth in check. These findings suggest that tumstatin functions as an endogenous inhibitor of pathological angiogenesis and functions as a novel suppressor of proliferating endothelial cells and growth of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hamano
- Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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16
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Gordon GJ, Rockwell GN, Jensen RV, Rheinwald JG, Glickman JN, Aronson JP, Pottorf BJ, Nitz MD, Richards WG, Sugarbaker DJ, Bueno R. Identification of novel candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressors in malignant pleural mesothelioma using large-scale transcriptional profiling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 166:1827-40. [PMID: 15920167 PMCID: PMC1363736 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly lethal, poorly understood neoplasm that is typically associated with asbestos exposure. We performed transcriptional profiling using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays containing approximately 22,000 genes to elucidate potential molecular and pathobiological pathways in MPM using discarded human MPM tumor specimens (n = 40), normal lung specimens (n = 4), normal pleura specimens (n = 5), and MPM and SV40-immortalized mesothelial cell lines (n = 5). In global expression analysis using unsupervised clustering techniques, we found two potential subclasses of mesothelioma that correlated loosely with tumor histology. We also identified sets of genes with expression levels that distinguish between multiple tumor subclasses, normal and tumor tissues, and tumors with different morphologies. Microarray gene expression data were confirmed using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and protein analysis for three novel candidate oncogenes (NME2, CRI1, and PDGFC) and one candidate tumor suppressor (GSN). Finally, we used bioinformatics tools (ie, software) to create and explore complex physiological pathways. Combined, all of these data may advance our understanding of mesothelioma tumorigenesis, pathobiology, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Gordon
- Thoracic Surgery Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Chen X, Zuckerman ST, Kao WJ. Intracellular protein phosphorylation in adherent U937 monocytes mediated by various culture conditions and fibronectin-derived surface ligands. Biomaterials 2005; 26:873-82. [PMID: 15353198 PMCID: PMC5746422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in the normal healing process after tissue injury and the host response to foreign objects such as biomaterials. The process leading to macrophage adhesion and activation on protein-adsorbed substrates is complex and unresolved. While the use of primary cells offers clinical relevancy, macrophage cell lines offer unique advantages such as availability and relatively homogeneous phenotype as models to probe the molecular mechanism of cell-surface interaction. Our goal was to better characterize the effect of the culture condition and surface-associated ligands on the extent of U937 adhesion. Tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins was surveyed as a basis to seek a greater understanding of the molecular mechanism involved in mediating U937 adhesion on various ligand-adsorbed surfaces. U937 viability and adhesion on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) increased with (i) increasing serum level, (ii) decreasing tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor AG18 concentration, or (iii) increasing culture time. The adsorption of various adhesion proteins such as fibronectin and peptide ligands (i.e., RGD, PHSRN) on TCPS did not significantly increase the adherent density of U937 when compared with albumin and PBS ligand controls. However, ligand identity and the presence of phorbol myristate acetate dramatically affected the extent (i.e., increase or decrease) and the identity (i.e., molecular weight) of phosphotyrosine proteins in adherent U937 in a time-dependent manner. The extent and identity of phosphotyrosine proteins did not exhibit a clear AG18 dose dependency, rather the level of tyrosine phosphorylation for a distinct group of proteins was either increased or decreased for a given AG18 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sean T. Zuckerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weiyuan John Kao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Corresponding author. 777 Highland Ave., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Tel: +1608-263-2998; fax: +1608-262-5345. (W.J. Kao)
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18
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Novel Biological Properties of Peptides Arising from Basement Membrane Proteins. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(05)56013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Pasco S, Brassart B, Ramont L, Maquart FX, Monboisse JC. Control of melanoma cell invasion by type IV collagen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 29:260-6. [PMID: 15936594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdp.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death from diseases of the skin. This review summarizes the data from the literature and our laboratory addressing the effects of type IV collagen on melanoma progression. Many different sequences from type IV collagen promote melanoma cell adhesion, migration and invasion. The triple helical conformation of the collagenous domain plays a critical role in some of these interactions. However, recent studies from our group demonstrated that a sequence from the alpha3(IV) NC1 domain inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by decreasing MMP production and activation. Peptide sequences from the alpha1(IV), alpha2(IV) and alpha3(IV) chains named arresten, canstatin and tumstatin, respectively were shown to inhibit angiogenesis. Further investigations regarding the inhibitory effects of the alpha(IV) NC1 domains will have a paramount relevance for the design of efficient strategies to limit melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, UMR 6198 CNRS, IFR 53 Biomolecules, UFR Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, F51095, REIMS Cedex, France.
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20
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Pasco S, Ramont L, Maquart FX, Monboisse JC. Control of melanoma progression by various matrikines from basement membrane macromolecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2004; 49:221-33. [PMID: 15036262 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2003.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biological processes such as cell differentiation, cell migration or gene expression are tightly controlled by cell-cell interactions or by various cytokines. During tumor progression, cancer cells are in contact with extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules involving specific receptors such as integrins. The different stages of tumor progression, and mainly the proteolytic cascades implicated in extracellular matrix degradation and cell migration, may be controlled by the extracellular matrix macromolecules or by domains released by directed and limited proteolysis of these molecules. In this review, we summarise the biological effects of various peptides, named matrikines, derived from basement membranes (BM) components, such as laminins (LN), proteoglycans or collagens. These peptides may control tumor progression by regulating the proteolytic cascades leading to cancer cell dissemination and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS FRE 2534, Faculté de Médecine, IFR 53 Biomolécules, 51 Rue Cognac Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France
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21
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Huang JB, Kindzelskii AL, Clark AJ, Petty HR. Identification of Channels Promoting Calcium Spikes and Waves in HT1080 Tumor Cells. Cancer Res 2004; 64:2482-9. [PMID: 15059902 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signals have been associated with cell polarization and locomotion. As cell motility underlies metastasis, we have sought to better characterize the Ca(2+) signaling events in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. We have tested the hypothesis that low voltage-activated (LVA) and nonvoltage-gated (NVG) channels of HT1080 cells participate in dynamic Ca(2+)-signaling events leading to cell migration and invasion. Immunofluorescence microscopy has shown that HT1080 cells express LVA T-type Ca(2+) channels uniformly about the cell periphery, whereas the transient receptor potential-1 (a NVG cation channel) protein appears as punctate spots about a cell's periphery. HT1080 cells exhibit periodic intracellular Ca(2+) spikes. High-speed imaging revealed that the Ca(2+) spikes were composed of a single Ca(2+) wave traveling unidirectionally about the periphery of the cytoplasm in a clockwise fashion (as viewed from basal to apical surfaces). The T-type Ca(2+) channel blocker mibefradil inhibited Ca(2+) spikes and waves on cells and, in parallel, inhibited cell motility and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Similar changes were noted with the NVG cation channel blockers Gd(3+) and carboxyamido-triazole. The combination of LVA and NVG blockers further reduced Matrigel invasiveness. However, the Ca(2+) channel blockers nicardipine, SKF96365, diltiazem, and verapamil had no effect at appropriate doses. These results indicate that certain LVA and NVG channels regulate HT1080 cell motility. In addition to providing novel information regarding cancer cell motility, we suggest that it may be possible to design drugs that inhibit a key Ca(2+) wave, thereby enhancing the efficacy of emerging therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Biao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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22
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Shahan T, Grant D, Tootell M, Ziaie Z, Ohno N, Mousa S, Mohamad S, Delisser H, Kefalides N. Oncothanin, a peptide from the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen, modifies endothelial cell function and inhibits angiogenesis. Connect Tissue Res 2004; 45:151-63. [PMID: 15512769 DOI: 10.1080/03008200490505923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies from our group and the group of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Rheims, France [corrected] have shown that basement membrane (BM) collagen from anterior lens capsule type IV collagen (ALC-COL IV) and peptides from the noncollagenous domain (NC1) of the alpha3(IV) [corrected] chain, corresponding to residues 185-203 and 179-208, inhibit tumor cell proliferation, specifically through the interaction of the -SNS- tripeptide (residues 189-191) with the CD47/alphavbeta3 integrin receptor complex. Data presented here demonstrate that the alpha3(IV)185-203 and the alpha3(IV)179-208 peptides, from here forward [corrected] designated as oncothanin, regulate endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, adhesion, and motility which [corrected] ultimately influence angiogenesis. The data also indicate that oncothanin, when used as a chemoattractant, greatly enhanced EC chemotaxis. In contrast, pretreatment of EC with oncothanin inhibited chemotaxis toward several different chemoattractants. When oncothanin was used as a substrate, it enhanced EC adhesion that was inhibited when pretreated with same. Analysis of angiogenesis by EC differentiation (tube formation), aortic ring microvessel formation [corrected] and the chorioallantoic membrane assay, [corrected] demonstrate that oncothanin, but not the control medium or peptides, inhibits angiogenesis. In the EC differentiation assay, oncothanin completely inhibited tube formation at 25 microg/ml, whereas peptides with comparable sequences, that lacked [corrected] the -SNS- sequence, from ALC-COL IV NC1 domains alpha1 and alpha2 chains failed to inhibit tube formation. The data support the hypothesis that ALC-COL IV and oncothanin inhibit angiogenesis by modulation of EC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Shahan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Schickel J, Stahn K, Zimmer KP, Sudbrak R, Størm TM, Dürst M, Kiehntopf M, Deufel T. Gene for integrin-associated protein (IAP, CD47): physical mapping, genomic structure, and expression studies in skeletal muscle. Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 80:169-76. [PMID: 11989712 DOI: 10.1139/o01-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-associated protein (IAP) is a widely expressed membrane protein with multiple functions in immunological and neuronal processes. Having physically mapped the IAP gene into a BAC/PAC contig covering approximately 1 Mb on human chromosome 3ql3.1-q13.2, we determined the genomic organization of the gene, established its expression in skeletal muscle, and identified a novel splice variant. Our expression studies demonstrate expression of integrin-associated protein in the t-tubular system and the euchromatin of skeletal muscle cells where its function thus far is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schickel
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, Klinikum der Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Germany.
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24
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Ortega N, Werb Z. New functional roles for non-collagenous domains of basement membrane collagens. J Cell Sci 2002; 115:4201-14. [PMID: 12376553 PMCID: PMC2789001 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens IV, XV and XVIII are major components of various basement membranes. In addition to the collagen-specific triple helix, these collagens are characterized by the presence of several non-collagenous domains. It is clear now that these ubiquitous collagen molecules are involved in more subtle and sophisticated functions than just the molecular architecture of basement membranes, particularly in the context of extracellular matrix degradation. Degradation of the basement membrane collagens occurs during numerous physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development or tumorigenesis and generates collagen fragments. These fragments are involved in the regulation of functions differing from those of their original intact molecules. The non-collagenous C-terminal fragment NC1 of collagen IV, XV and XVIII have been recently highlighted in the literature because of their potential in reducing angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, but it is clear that their biological functions are not limited to these processes. Proteolytic release of soluble NC1 fragments stimulates migration, proliferation, apoptosis or survival of different cell types and suppresses various morphogenetic events.
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25
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Kato Y, Fujisawa T, Shibano M, Saito T, Gatto W, Kamiya H, Hirai K, Sumida M, Yoshie O. Airway epithelial cells promote transmigration of eosinophils in a new three-dimensional chemotaxis model. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:889-97. [PMID: 12047436 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prominent infiltration of eosinophils in airway mucosa is the pathognomonic sign of asthma. The role of airway epithelial cells in eosinophil infiltration, however, has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop a new in vitro transmigration system composed of airway epithelial cells and extracellular matrix, and to investigate the role of airway epithelial cells in eosinophil infiltration. METHODS A layer of type I collagen gel was formed in Netwell, and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were cultured on the gel. Then the wells covered with epithelial monolayer were filled with medium, inverted, and new upper chambers were constructed on the gel side by applying a ring cap. After further incubation with or without exogenous cytokines for 48 h, eosinophils or neutrophils were loaded in upper chambers (the gel side) and cells transmigrated to lower chambers (the epithelial cell side) were counted. Immunohistochemical analyses were also performed. RESULTS While a simple collagen gel hardly promoted eosinophil migration even in the presence of eotaxin or RANTES, significant numbers of eosinophils migrated to lower chambers in the presence of the epithelial cells. Replacement of medium in the lower chamber (the epithelial cell side) with fresh medium, addition of exogenous eotaxin or RANTES in the upper chamber (the gel side), or pre-treatment of eosinophils with anti-CCR3 all inhibited transmigration. We found that the epithelial cells produced and deposited extracellular matrix proteins such as type IV collagen onto the type I collagen gel. Separately, we found that type IV collagen itself was capable of enhancing eotaxin-induced eosinophil migration in a standard chemotaxis assay. Neutrophils also efficiently migrated in the present transmigration system. Pre-treatment of epithelial cells with TNF-alpha and IL-4 enhanced eosinophil transmigration, while that of neutrophils was enhanced by TNF-alpha but suppressed by IL-4. CONCLUSION By utilizing a new in vitro transmigration system mimicking the airway mucosa, we have demonstrated that airway epithelial cells play an essential role in transmigration of eosinophils and that multiple factors such as chemokines, extracellular matrix proteins and exogenous inflammatory cytokines are involved in efficient transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mie School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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26
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de Vries HE, Hendriks JJA, Honing H, De Lavalette CR, van der Pol SMA, Hooijberg E, Dijkstra CD, van den Berg TK. Signal-regulatory protein alpha-CD47 interactions are required for the transmigration of monocytes across cerebral endothelium. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:5832-9. [PMID: 12023387 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.11.5832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte infiltration into inflamed tissue requires their initial arrest onto the endothelial cells (ECs), followed by firm adhesion and subsequent transmigration. Although several pairs of adhesion molecules have been shown to play a role in the initial adhesion of monocytes to ECs, the mechanism of transendothelial migration is poorly defined. In this study, we have investigated the role of signal-regulatory protein (SIRP)alpha-CD47 interactions in monocyte transmigration across brain ECs. CD47 expression was observed in vivo on cerebral endothelium of both control animals and animals suffering from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. To investigate whether SIRPalpha-CD47 interactions are instrumental in the trafficking of monocytes across cerebral EC monolayers, in vitro assays were conducted in which the migration of monocytes, but not adhesion, was found to be effectively diminished by blocking SIRPalpha and CD47 on monocytes and ECs, respectively. In this process, SIRPalpha was found to interact solely with its counterligand CD47 on ECs. Overexpression of the CD47 molecule on brain ECs significantly enhanced monocytic transmigration, but did not affect adhesion. SIRPalpha-CD47-mediated transendothelial migration involved Gi protein activity, a known signaling component of CD47. Finally, cross-linking of CD47 on brain ECs induced cytoskeletal reorganization of the endothelium, a process that was Gi protein independent. These data provide the first evidence that the interaction of CD47 with its monocytic counterligand SIRPalpha is of importance in the final step of monocyte trafficking into the brain, a critical event in the development of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Liu AY, True LD. Characterization of prostate cell types by CD cell surface molecules. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 160:37-43. [PMID: 11786396 PMCID: PMC1867111 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A set of monoclonal antibodies raised against lymphocyte cell surface molecules, the cluster designation (CD) antigens, was used to distinguish the constituent cell types of the prostate. The luminal secretory epithelial, basal epithelial, fibromuscular stromal, nerve sheath, and endothelial cells express distinctive complements of cell surface molecules that were identified by immunohistochemistry using 152 commercially available antibodies. Many of the CD antibodies stained lymphocyte populations in the prostate. These lymphocyte populations were grouped into abundance classes of rare, moderate, and high. Some of these molecules are expressed by multiple cell types, both parenchymal and lymphoid; others are expressed by only one cell type. Distinctive patterns of CD expression, which are most similar to the expression pattern of prostate luminal cells, also characterize a small series of Gleason score 6 prostate cancers. The cell-type specificity of CD molecules increases the prospect of isolating specific cell populations, using such techniques as laser capture microdissection and flow cytometry, for cell-specific molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Y Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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28
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Abstract
Basement membrane molecules and fragments derived from them are regulators of biological activities such as cell growth, differentiation and migration. This review describes proteolytically derived fragments from the non-collagenous (NC1) domain at the C-terminus of the basement membrane collagens type IV, XV and XVIII, which have been implicated as regulators of angiogenesis. Endostatin is an endogenous collagen XVIII/NC1 derivative, inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumor-growth in vivo. A homologous NC1 domain fragment of type XV collagen has anti-angiogenic activity as well. Furthermore, NC1 domain fragments of the most abundant basement membrane collagen, type IV collagen, have been shown to inhibit induced vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Marneros
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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29
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Erb L, Liu J, Ockerhausen J, Kong Q, Garrad RC, Griffin K, Neal C, Krugh B, Santiago-Pérez LI, González FA, Gresham HD, Turner JT, Weisman GA. An RGD sequence in the P2Y(2) receptor interacts with alpha(V)beta(3) integrins and is required for G(o)-mediated signal transduction. J Cell Biol 2001; 153:491-501. [PMID: 11331301 PMCID: PMC2190579 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.153.3.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2Y(2) nucleotide receptor (P2Y(2)R) contains the integrin-binding domain arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) in its first extracellular loop, raising the possibility that this G protein-coupled receptor interacts directly with an integrin. Binding of a peptide corresponding to the first extracellular loop of the P2Y(2)R to K562 erythroleukemia cells was inhibited by antibodies against alpha(V)beta(3)/beta(5) integrins and the integrin-associated thrombospondin receptor, CD47. Immunofluorescence of cells transfected with epitope-tagged P2Y(2)Rs indicated that alpha(V) integrins colocalized 10-fold better with the wild-type P2Y(2)R than with a mutant P2Y(2)R in which the RGD sequence was replaced with RGE. Compared with the wild-type P2Y(2)R, the RGE mutant required 1,000-fold higher agonist concentrations to phosphorylate focal adhesion kinase, activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and initiate the PLC-dependent mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+). Furthermore, an anti-alpha(V) integrin antibody partially inhibited these signaling events mediated by the wild-type P2Y(2)R. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of G(i/o) proteins, partially inhibited Ca(2+) mobilization mediated by the wild-type P2Y(2)R, but not by the RGE mutant, suggesting that the RGD sequence is required for P2Y(2)R-mediated activation of G(o), but not G(q). Since CD47 has been shown to associate directly with G(i/o) family proteins, these results suggest that interactions between P2Y(2)Rs, integrins, and CD47 may be important for coupling the P2Y(2)R to G(o).
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- CD47 Antigen
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
- Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Integrins/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Point Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2
- Receptors, Vitronectin/genetics
- Receptors, Vitronectin/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Vitronectin/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- L Erb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
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Goodman MG. Mechanism of synergy between T cell signals and C8-substituted guanine nucleosides in humoral immunity: B lymphotropic cytokines induce responsiveness to 8-mercaptoguanosine. Br J Pharmacol 1986; 167:1415-30. [PMID: 3514757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes require a source of T cell-like help to produce antibody to T cell-dependent antigens. T cell-derived lymphokines and C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides (such as 8-mercaptoguanosine; 8MGuo) are effective sources of such T cell-like help. Addition of T cell-derived lymphokines to antigen-activated B cells together with 8MGuo results in synergistic B cell differentiation, amplifying the sum of the individual responses twofold to four-fold. Lymphokine activity is required at initiation of culture for optimal synergy with 8MGuo, whereas the nucleoside can be added up to 48 hr after the lymphokines with full synergy. 8MGuo provides a perceived T cell-like differentiation signal to B cells from immunodeficient xid mice, thereby distinguishing a subset of Lyb-5- nucleoside-responsive B cells from those activated by soluble anti-mu followed by B cell stimulatory factor-1, interleukin 1, and B cell differentiation factors, which are Lyb-5+. Moreover, at least a subset of the B cells recruited by the synergistic interaction of lymphokines and nucleoside is distinct from that responsive to 8MGuo + antigen, insofar as Sephadex G-10 nonadherent xid B cells fail to respond to either 8MGuo or lymphokines alone, but do respond to the combination. A distinct subpopulation can also be demonstrated among normal B cells by limiting dilution analysis in which the precursor frequency of antigen-reactive B cells in the presence of lymphokines or nucleoside alone increases substantially when both agents are present together. In concert with the kinetic data, these observations suggest that synergy derives at least in part from the ability of lymphokines to induce one or more elements the absence of which limits the capacity of a distinct B cell subpopulation to respond to 8MGuo.
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