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França DCH, França EL, Sobrevia L, Barbosa AMP, Honorio-França AC, Rudge MVC. Integration of nutrigenomics, melatonin, serotonin and inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166737. [PMID: 37146917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is an important public health problem and has been associated with the development of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence. The interaction is related to hyperglycemia, and inflammatory and hormonal patterns, which favor functional alterations in different organs and systems. Several genes associated with human diseases have been identified and partially characterized. Most of these genes are known to cause monogenic diseases. However, about 3 % of diseases do not fit the monogenic theory due to the complex interactions between multiple genes and environmental factors, as in chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The nutritional, immunological, and hormonal patterns associated with changes in maternal metabolism may influence and contribute to greater susceptibility to urinary tract disorders. However, early systematic reviews have not yielded consistent findings for these associations. This literature review summarizes important new findings from integrating nutrigenomics, hormones, and cytokines in women with Gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence. Changes in maternal metabolism due to hyperglycemia can generate an inflammatory environment with increased inflammatory cytokines. This environment modulated by inflammation can alter tryptophan uptake through food and thus influence the production of serotonin and melatonin. As these hormones seem to have protective effects against smooth muscle dysfunction and to restore the impaired contractility of the detrusor muscle, it is assumed that these changes may favor the onset of urinary incontinence specific to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cristina Honorio França
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Luzía França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças 78605-091, Brazil.
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Seville, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey 64710, Mexico.
| | - Angélica Mércia Pascon Barbosa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Philosophy and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marilia 17525-900, Brazil
| | | | - Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.
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Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:216. [PMID: 35794109 PMCID: PMC9259665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. Insulin resistance (IR) is a disordered biological response for insulin stimulation through the disruption of different molecular pathways in target tissues. Acquired conditions and genetic factors have been implicated in IR. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids and toxic lipid metabolites promote IR in other tissues. IR is associated with several groups of abnormal syndromes that include obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other abnormalities. Although no medication is specifically approved to treat IR, we summarized the lifestyle changes and pharmacological medications that have been used as efficient intervention to improve insulin sensitivity. Ultimately, the systematic discussion of complex mechanism will help to identify potential new targets and treat the closely associated metabolic syndrome of IR.
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Palihaderu PADS, Mendis BILM, Premarathne JMKJK, Dias WKRR, Yeap SK, Ho WY, Dissanayake AS, Rajapakse IH, Karunanayake P, Senarath U, Satharasinghe DA. Potential role of microRNAs in selective hepatic insulin resistance: From paradox to the paradigm. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1028846. [PMID: 36479211 PMCID: PMC9720316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1028846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradoxical action of insulin on hepatic glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in the insulin-resistant state has been of much research interest in recent years. Generally, insulin resistance would promote hepatic gluconeogenesis and demote hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The underlying major drivers of these mechanisms were insulin-dependent, via FOXO-1-mediated gluconeogenesis and SREBP1c-mediated lipogenesis. However, insulin-resistant mouse models have shown high glucose levels as well as excess lipid accumulation. As suggested, the inert insulin resistance causes the activation of the FOXO-1 pathway promoting gluconeogenesis. However, it does not affect the SREBP1c pathway; therefore, cells continue de novo lipogenesis. Many hypotheses were suggested for this paradoxical action occurring in insulin-resistant rodent models. A "downstream branch point" in the insulin-mediated pathway was suggested to act differentially on the FOXO-1 and SREBP1c pathways. MicroRNAs have been widely studied for their action of pathway mediation via suppressing the intermediate protein expressions. Many in vitro studies have postulated the roles of hepato-specific expressions of miRNAs on insulin cascade. Thus, miRNA would play a pivotal role in selective hepatic insulin resistance. As observed, there were confirmations and contradictions between the outcomes of gene knockout studies conducted on selective hepatic insulin resistance and hepato-specific miRNA expression studies. Furthermore, these studies had evaluated only the effect of miRNAs on glucose metabolism and few on hepatic de novo lipogenesis, limiting the ability to conclude their role in selective hepatic insulin resistance. Future studies conducted on the role of miRNAs on selective hepatic insulin resistance warrant the understanding of this paradoxical action of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Panduka Karunanayake
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Upul Senarath
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Dilan Amila Satharasinghe
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- *Correspondence: Dilan Amila Satharasinghe,
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Shang C, Lin H, Fang X, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Qu Y, Xiang M, Shen Z, Xin L, Lu Y, Gao J, Cui X. Beneficial effects of cinnamon and its extracts in the management of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Food Funct 2021; 12:12194-12220. [PMID: 34752593 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes are the leading causes of death worldwide, which underlines the urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. Cinnamon has been an eminent component of spice and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Numerous lines of findings have elucidated that cinnamon has beneficial effects against CVDs in various ways, including endothelium protection, regulation of immune response, lowering blood lipids, antioxidative properties, anti-inflammatory properties, suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and mobilization, repression of platelet activity and thrombosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, emerging evidence has established that cinnamon improves diabetes, a crucial risk factor for CVDs, by enhancing insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion; regulating the enzyme activity involved in glucose; regulating glucose metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue and muscle; ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation to protect islet cells; and improving diabetes complications. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms by which cinnamon regulates CVDs and diabetes in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical application of cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongchen Lin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xuqin Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yi Qu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Zihuan Shen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jialiang Gao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Hepatic miR-192-3p reactivation alleviates steatosis by targeting glucocorticoid receptor. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100179. [PMID: 33134908 PMCID: PMC7588854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The paradox of hepatic insulin resistance describes the inability for liver to respond to bioenergetics hormones in suppressing gluconeogenesis whilst maintaining lipid synthesis. Here, we report the deficiency of miR-192-3p in the livers of mice with diabetes and its role in alleviating hepatic steatosis. Methods As conventional pre-microRNA (miRNA) stem-loop overexpression only boosts guiding strand (i.e. miR-192-5p) expression, we adopted an artificial AAV(DJ)-directed, RNA Pol III promoter-driven miRNA hairpin construct for star-strand-specific overexpression in the liver. Liver steatosis and insulin resistance markers were evaluated in primary hepatocytes, mice with diabetes, and mice with excessive carbohydrate consumption. Results Functional loss of miR-192-3p in liver exacerbated hepatic micro-vesicular steatosis and insulin resistance in either mice with diabetes or wild-type mice with excessive fructose consumption. Liver-specific overexpression of miR-192-3p effectively halted hepatic steatosis and ameliorated insulin resistance in these mice models. Likewise, hepatocytes overexpressing miR-192-3p exhibited improved lipid accumulation, accompanied with decreases in lipogenesis and lipid-accumulation-related transcripts. Mechanistically, glucocorticoid receptor (GCR, also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 [NR3C1]) was demonstrated to be negatively regulated by miR-192-3p. The effect of miR-192-3p on mitigating micro-vesicular steatosis was ablated by the reactivation of NR3C1. Conclusions The star strand miR-192-3p was an undermined glycerolipid regulator involved in controlling fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in liver through blockade of hepatic GCR signalling; this miRNA may serve as a potential therapeutic option for the common co-mobility of diabetic mellitus and fatty liver disease. Lay summary The potential regulatory activity of star strand microRNA (miRNA) species has been substantially underestimated. In this study, we investigate the role and mechanism of an overlooked star strand miRNA (miR-192-3p) in regulating hepatic steatosis and insulin signalling in the livers of mice with diabetes and mice under excessive carbohydrate consumption. Liver-specific knockdown of miR-192-3p recapitulated functional loss of the miRNA as in mice with diabetes. This knockdown was characterised by pronounced hepatic micro-vesicular steatosis coupled to insulin resistance. In vivo overexpression of miR-192-3p alleviated hepatic steatosis in mice with diabetes and wild-type mice with excessive fructose consumption. Glucocorticoid receptor (also known as NR3C1) was discovered as the immediate target of miR-192-3p in regulating hepatic lipid turnover and storage.
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Key Words
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- CPT, carnitine palmitoyl transferase
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DNL, de novo lipogenesis
- Diabetes mellitus
- FA, fatty acid
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- GCR, glucocorticoid receptor
- Glucocorticoid receptor
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HFrD, high-fructose drink
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- Hepatic steatosis
- High carbohydrate consumption
- MicroRNA
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NR3C1, nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1
- NT, non-targeting
- OA, oleic acid
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TAG, triacylglyceride/triglyceride
- Transcription repressor
- VAT, visceral adipose tissue
- miRNA, microRNA
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
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Mohammed KAA, Ahmed HMS, Sharaf HA, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Mehaya FM, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Encapsulation of cinnamon oil in whey protein counteracts the disturbances in biochemical parameters, gene expression, and histological picture of the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2829-2843. [PMID: 31834580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of encapsulated cinnamon oil emulsion (COE) in whey protein concentrate (WPC) against the disturbance in lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. COE was analyzed using GC-MS, and the emulsion was prepared and characterized. In the in vivo study, six groups of male rats were treated orally for 4 weeks, including the control group, the group treated with STZ (D-rats), the groups received a low or high dose of COE (200 or 400 mg/kg B.w.), and the D-rats groups received COE at the low or high dose. Blood and tissue samples were collected after the end of the treatment period for biochemical, genetical, and histological analyses. The GC-MS results revealed that the major components of the oil were cinnamaldehyde, 1,8 cineole, acetic acid, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept2yl ester, α-Pinene, and α-Terpineol. The size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of COE were 240 ± 1.03 nm, - 7.09 ± 0.42, and 0.36, respectively. The in vivo results revealed that COE at the two tested doses improved the levels of glucose, insulin, amylase, lipid profile, hepatic MDA, SOD, and GSH. COE also downregulated hepatic GLU2, FAS, SREBP-1c, and PEPCK gene expression and upregulated IGF-1 mRNA expression in diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, COE improved and the histological picture of the liver and pancreas. It could be concluded that COE overcomes the disturbances in biochemical, cytological, and histopathological changes in D-rats via the enhancement of antioxidant capacity; reduces the oxidative stress; modulates the concerned gene expression; and may be promising to develop new drugs for diabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal A A Mohammed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Dongola University, Dongola, Sudan
- Toxicology & Pharmacology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy M S Ahmed
- Toxicology & Pharmacology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hafiza A Sharaf
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Fathy M Mehaya
- Food Technology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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The vital role of ATP citrate lyase in chronic diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:71-95. [PMID: 31858156 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic or non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide; they usually result in long-term illnesses and demand long-term care. Despite advances in molecular therapeutics, specific biomarkers and targets for the treatment of these diseases are required. The dysregulation of de novo lipogenesis has been found to play an essential role in cell metabolism and is associated with the development and progression of many chronic diseases; this confirms the link between obesity and various chronic diseases. The main enzyme in this pathway-ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a lipogenic enzyme-catalyzes the critical reaction linking cellular glucose catabolism and lipogenesis. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that the modulation of ACLY expression correlates with the development and progressions of various chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that the inhibition of ACLY activity modulates the glycolysis and lipogenesis processes and stimulates normal physiological functions. This comprehensive review aimed to critically evaluate the role of ACLY in the development and progression of different diseases and the effects of its downregulation in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Piguet AC, Guarino M, Potaczek DP, Garn H, Dufour JF. Hepatic gene expression in mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after acute exercise. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:637-652. [PMID: 30811073 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients benefit from physical exercise. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acute exercise on hepatic gene expression in different mouse models of NAFLD. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with a control (CD) or a high fat (HFD) diet. AlbCrePtenflox/flox (Pten-KO) and Fxr-/- mice, two genetic models of NAFLD with insulin hypersensitivity and resistance, respectively, were fed with CD. After 4 weeks, mice were randomly assigned to exercise or sedentariness. Mice were killed 15 min or 3 h after the running/sedentary period. Genome-wide hepatic gene expression was evaluated with the Illumina Micro-array platform. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed changes in gene expression. RESULTS Acute exercise transiently affected the expression of genes involved in the immune response in C57BL/6 mice fed with CD and this effect normalized in the recovery phase. Acute exercise affected genes involved in gluconeogenesis in the insulin resistant Fxr-/- model. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were affected in C57BL/6 mice fed with CD, but not in mouse models of NAFLD. Genes involved in DNA damage response pathways were deregulated only in C57BL/6 mice fed with CD and not in mouse models of NAFLD. CONCLUSION The simultaneous analysis of different NAFLD models revealed that an acute exercise bout affects hepatic gene expression differentially according to animal models and that most of the differentially expressed genes are involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism, immune regulation, and DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Piguet
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Guarino
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Adinortey MB, Agbeko R, Boison D, Ekloh W, Kuatsienu LE, Biney EE, Affum OO, Kwarteng J, Nyarko AK. Phytomedicines Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana: A Systematic Search and Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6021209. [PMID: 31118963 PMCID: PMC6500637 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6021209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available data indicate that diabetes mellitus leads to elevated cost of healthcare. This imposes a huge economic burden on households, societies, and nations. As a result many Ghanaians, especially rural folks, resort to the use of phytomedicine, which is relatively less expensive. This paper aims at obtaining information on plants used in Ghana to treat diabetes mellitus, gather and present evidence-based data available to support their uses and their mechanisms of action, and identify areas for future research. METHOD A catalogue of published textbooks, monographs, theses, and peer-reviewed articles of plants used in Ghanaian traditional medicine between 1987 and July 2018 for managing diabetes mellitus was obtained and used. RESULTS The review identified 76 plant species belonging to 45 families that are used to manage diabetes mellitus. Leaves were the part of the plants frequently used for most preparation (63.8%) and were mostly used as decoctions. Majority of the plants belonged to the Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Apocynaceae families. Pharmacological data were available on 23 species that have undergone in vitro studies. Forty species have been studied using in vivo animal models. Only twelve plants and their bioactive compounds were found with data on both preclinical and clinical studies. The records further indicate that medicinal plants showing antidiabetic effects did so via biochemical mechanisms such as restitution of pancreatic β-cell function, improvement in insulin sensitivity by receptors, stimulating rate of insulin secretion, inhibition of liver gluconeogenesis, enhanced glucose absorption, and inhibition of G-6-Pase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activities. CONCLUSION This review contains information on medicinal plants used to manage diabetes mellitus, including their pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action as well as models used to investigate them. It also provides gaps that can form the basis for further investigations and development into useful medications for effective treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Buenor Adinortey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Rosemary Agbeko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Daniel Boison
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - William Ekloh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Disease and Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Emmanuel Ekow Biney
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Obed O. Affum
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jeffery Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Jang J, Jung Y, Chae S, Cho SH, Yoon M, Yang H, Shin SS, Yoon Y. Gangjihwan, a polyherbal composition, inhibits fat accumulation through the modulation of lipogenic transcription factors SREBP1C, PPARγ and C/EBPα. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:10-22. [PMID: 28842339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gangjihwan (DF) which is composed of Ephedra intermedia, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Rheum palmatum has been used for the treatment of obesity in traditional medical clinics in Korea. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to standardize DF and elucidate its mechanism of action for inhibiting fat accumulation in adipocytes and adipose tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The herbal ingredients of DF were extracted in water, 30% ethanol or 70% ethanol and freeze-dried followed by HPLC analyses. 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice were treated with each of the three DF preparations. Messenger RNA and protein expression levels were measured by real-time qPCR and Western blotting. RNA-Seq analyses were conducted to examine the effects of DF treatment on whole transcriptome of adipocyte. RESULTS (-)-Ephedrine and (+)-pseudoephedrine from E. intermedia, aloe-emodin and chrysophanol from R. palmatum and shikonin from L. erythrorhizon were identified as phytochemical components of DF. DF caused dose-dependent inhibition of fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. It also significantly reduced adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. DF was found to down-regulate the expressions of the lipogenic transcription factors such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1C (SREBP1C), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Among the three preparations of DF, the 70% ethanol extract was the most effective. RNA-Seq analyses showed that DF treatment decreased the expression levels of up-regulators and increased those of down-regulators of lipogenic transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS DF preparations, among which 70% ethanol extract was the most effective, reduced fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice through the down-regulation of lipogenic transcription factors SREBP1C, PPARγ and C/EBPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonju Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Chae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences and Research Center of Korean Medicine for Diabetes and Obesity, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoosik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang SB, Yang S, Zhang Z, Zhang A, Zhang M, Yin L, Casey-Sawicki K, Swarts S, Vidyasagar S, Zhang L, Okunieff P. Thoracic gamma irradiation-induced obesity in C57BL/6 female mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1334-1342. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1385871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amy Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine Casey-Sawicki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Sacramento J, Ribeiro M, Rodrigues T, Guarino M, Diogo L, Seiça R, Monteiro E, Matafome P, Conde S. Insulin resistance is associated with tissue-specific regulation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α during mild chronic intermittent hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2016; 228:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Park CH, Noh JS, Fujii H, Roh SS, Song YO, Choi JS, Chung HY, Yokozawa T. Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, attenuates gluco-lipotoxicity-mediated renal disorder in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Drug Discov Ther 2015; 9:13-22. [PMID: 25788048 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oligonol is a phenolic product derived from lychee fruit extract containing catechin-type monomers and oligomers of proanthocyanidins, produced by a manufacturing process which converts polyphenol polymers into oligomers. These proanthocyanidins have been reported to exhibit beneficial bioactivities in many studies, and so oligonol, a rich source of polyphenol, is expected to show favorable effects on various chronic diseases. This article summarizes recent work whether oligonol has an ameliorative effect on diabetic indices and renal disorders associated with gluco-lipotoxicity-mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in db/db mice with diabetes. Oligonol was able to improve diabetic indices, prevent the development of diabetic renal disease, and preserve renal cells and the renal morphological structure via the attenuation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-induced oxidative stress, inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) generation, and prevention of apoptosis-induced cell death in db/db mice, being independent of changes in the body weight or serum glucose levels. The present study provides important evidence that oligonol exhibits a pleiotropic effect, representing renoprotective effects against the development of diabetic complications in type 2 diabetic db/db mice.
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14
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Ferulic acid regulates hepatic GLUT2 gene expression in high fat and fructose-induced type-2 diabetic adult male rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 761:391-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Ouchfoun M, Eid HM, Musallam L, Brault A, Li S, Vallerand D, Arnason JT, Haddad PS. Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum) attenuates insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:941-54. [PMID: 25916863 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of Labrador tea [Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron and Judd], a beverage and medicinal tea used by the Cree Nations of northern Quebec. METHODS C57BL6 mice were divided into five groups and given standard chow (~4 % of lipids) or high-fat diet (~35 % of lipids) for 8 weeks until they became obese and insulin resistant. Treatment began by adding the plant extract at three doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) to the high-fat diet for another 8 weeks. At the end of the study, insulin-sensitive tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue) were collected to investigate the plant's molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Labrador tea significantly reduced blood glucose (13 %), the response to an oral glucose tolerance test (18.2 %) and plasma insulin (65 %) while preventing hepatic steatosis (42 % reduction in hepatic triglyceride levels) in DIO mice. It stimulated insulin-dependent Akt pathway (55 %) and increased the expression of GLUT4 (53 %) in skeletal muscle. In the liver, Labrador tea stimulated the insulin-dependent Akt and the insulin-independent AMP-activated protein kinase pathways. The improvement in hepatic steatosis observed in DIO-treated mice was associated with a reduction in inflammation (through the IKK α/β) and a decrease in the hepatic content of SREBP-1 (39 %). CONCLUSIONS Labrador tea exerts potential antidiabetic action by improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. They validate the safety and efficacy of this plant, a promising candidate for culturally relevant complementary treatment in Cree diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Ouchfoun
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hoda M Eid
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Beni-seuf, Beni-Seuf, Egypt
| | - Lina Musallam
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Brault
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shilin Li
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Vallerand
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John T Arnason
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology and Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre S Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada. .,Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic Medicines, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Reis SRDL, Feres NH, Ignacio-Souza LM, Veloso RV, Arantes VC, Kawashita NH, Colodel EM, Botosso BL, Reis MADB, Latorraca MQ. Nutritional recovery with a soybean diet after weaning reduces lipogenesis but induces inflammation in the liver in adult rats exposed to protein restriction during intrauterine life and lactation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:781703. [PMID: 25892856 PMCID: PMC4393912 DOI: 10.1155/2015/781703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of postweaning nutritional recovery with a soybean flour diet on de novo hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation in adult rats exposed to protein restriction during intrauterine life and lactation. Rats from mothers fed with protein (casein) in a percentage of 17% (control, C) or 6% (low, L) during pregnancy and lactation were fed with diet that contained 17% casein (CC and LC groups, resp.) or soybean (CS and LS groups, resp.) after weaning until 90 days of age. LS and CS rats had low body weight, normal basal serum triglyceride levels, increased ALT concentrations, and high HOMA-IR indices compared with LC and CC rats. The soybean diet reduced PPARγ as well as malic enzyme and citrate lyase contents and activities. The lipogenesis rate and liver fat content were lower in LS and CS rats relative to LC and CC rats. TNFα mRNA and protein levels were higher in LS and CS rats than in LC and CC rats. NF-κB mRNA levels were lower in the LC and LS groups compared with the CC and LC groups. Thus, the soybean diet prevented hepatic steatosis at least in part through reduced lipogenesis but resulted in TNFα-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Regina de Lima Reis
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Naoel Hassan Feres
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Leticia Martins Ignacio-Souza
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Roberto Vilela Veloso
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arantes
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Nair Honda Kawashita
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Laet Botosso
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marise Auxiliadora de Barros Reis
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Márcia Queiroz Latorraca
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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17
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Manna P, Jain SK. Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate and cellular signaling: implications for obesity and diabetes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015; 35:1253-75. [PMID: 25721445 DOI: 10.1159/000373949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃) is one of the most important phosphoinositides and is capable of activating a wide range of proteins through its interaction with their specific binding domains. Localization and activation of these effector proteins regulate a number of cellular functions, including cell survival, proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, intracellular vesicle trafficking, and cell metabolism. Phosphoinositides have been investigated as an important agonist-dependent second messenger in the regulation of diverse physiological events depending upon the phosphorylation status of their inositol group. Dysregulation in formation as well as metabolism of phosphoinositides is associated with various pathophysiological disorders such as inflammation, allergy, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and metabolic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that the impaired metabolism of PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ is a prime mediator of insulin resistance associated with various metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes. This review examines the current status of the role of PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ signaling in the regulation of various cellular functions and the implications of dysregulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ signaling in obesity, diabetes, and their associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Manna
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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18
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Calorie restriction-mediated restoration of hypothalamic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation is not effective for lowering the body weight set point in IRS-2 knockout obese mice. Diabetol Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-015-0205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Hum Park C, Young Rhyu D, Sook Noh J, Min Park C, Yokozawa T. Effectiveness of Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu for dyslipi-demia, using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and type 2 diabetic mice. Drug Discov Ther 2014; 8:121-31. [PMID: 25031044 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2014.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu, comprised of six crude drugs, has received much attention due to its numerous biological activities. The present study was conducted to examine whether Kangen-karyu has an ameliorative effect on dyslipidemia. The effect of Kangen-karyu was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and also db/db mice as an experimental model for diabetic dyslipidemia. Kangen-karyu significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Kangen-karyu also down-regulated the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, and fatty acid synthase, and the protein levels of aP2 and PPARγ, which indicates that Kangen-karyu inhibited adipogenesis during adipocyte differentiation, and may have potential anti-dyslipidemia effects. In addition, the administration of Kangen-karyu reduced hyperlipidemia in db/db type 2 diabetic mice through a decline in the serum levels of lipids, and an improvement of lipoprotein profiles. The enhanced hepatic triglyceride level of the db/db mice was significantly reduced by Kangen-karyu administration through the down-regulation of SREBP-1 and lipogenic enzymes in the liver. These findings indicate that Kangen-karyu exerts anti-dyslipidemia effects in adipocytes and type 2 diabetic db/db mice.
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20
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Zhao X, Xiaoli, Zong H, Abdulla A, Yang EST, Wang Q, Ji JY, Pessin JE, Das BC, Yang F. Inhibition of SREBP transcriptional activity by a boron-containing compound improves lipid homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 2014; 63:2464-73. [PMID: 24608444 PMCID: PMC4066337 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis is intimately associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs) are the master regulators of lipid biosynthesis. Previous studies have shown that the conserved transcriptional cofactor Mediator complex is critically required for the SREBP transcriptional activity, and recruitment of the Mediator complex to the SREBP transactivation domains (TADs) is through the MED15-KIX domain. Recently, we have synthesized several boron-containing small molecules. Among these novel compounds, BF175 can specifically block the binding of MED15-KIX to SREBP1a-TAD in vitro, resulting in an inhibition of the SREBP transcriptional activity and a decrease of SREBP target gene expression in cultured hepatocytes. Furthermore, BF175 can improve lipid homeostasis in the mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Compared with the control, BF175 treatment decreased the expression of SREBP target genes in mouse livers and decreased hepatic and blood levels of lipids. These results suggest that blocking the interaction between SREBP-TADs and the Mediator complex by small molecules may represent a novel approach for treating diseases with aberrant lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYDepartment of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYDepartment of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Haihong Zong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Arian Abdulla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYDepartment of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ellen S T Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Bhaskar C Das
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Fajun Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NYDepartment of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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21
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Bi Y, Wu W, Shi J, Liang H, Yin W, Chen Y, Tang S, Cao S, Cai M, Shen S, Gao Q, Weng J, Zhu D. Role for sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c activation in mediating skeletal muscle insulin resistance via repression of rat insulin receptor substrate-1 transcription. Diabetologia 2014; 57:592-602. [PMID: 24362725 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a master regulator of fatty acid synthase and controls lipogenesis. IRS-1 is the key insulin signalling mediator in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we investigated the role of SREBP-1c in the regulation of IRS-1 in skeletal muscle cells. METHODS L6 muscle cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) or metformin. Adenovirus vectors expressing Srebp-1c (also known as Srebf1) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Srebp-1c were transfected into the L6 cells. Protein-DNA interactions were assessed by luciferase reporter analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS We found that both gene and protein expression of SREBP-1c was increased in contrast to IRS-1 expression in PA-treated L6 cells. SREBP-1c overproduction decreased Irs-1 mRNA and IRS-1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner, and suppressed the resultant insulin signalling, whereas SERBP-1c knockdown by Serbp-1c siRNA blocked the downregulation of IRS-1 induced by PA. Protein-DNA interaction studies demonstrated that SREBP-1c was able to bind to the rat Irs-1 promoter region, thereby repressing its gene transcription. Of particular importance, we found that metformin treatment downregulated Srebp-1c promoter activity, decreased the specific binding of SREBP-1c to Irs-1 promoter and upregulated Irs-1 promoter activity in PA-cultured L6 cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data indicate for the first time that SREBP-1c activation participates in skeletal muscle insulin resistance through a direct effect of suppressing Irs-1 transcription. These findings imply that SREBP-1c could serve as an attractive therapeutic target for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, No321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China,
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22
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Nakasa T, Yamagami S, Tanaka T, Tanaka H, Hariu H, Okinaka O. Improving Effects of Narazuke Lees on Fatty Liver of Rats Induced by High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diets. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
ASC-2 (activating signal co-integrator-2, also known as AIB3 and NCoA6) is a transcriptional co-activator and regulates insulin secretion and β-cell survival. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of ASC-2 in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. Although islet cells from 10-week-old ASC-2+/- mice secreted less insulin than wild-type islets, there was no significant difference in glucose tolerance between ASC-2+/- and wild-type mice. However, ASC-2+/- mice did show increased insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type mice in insulin tolerance tests. Consistently, the levels of phosphorylated Akt were higher in ASC-2+/- hepatocytes than in wild-type hepatocytes after insulin treatment. Moreover, decreases in phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase mRNA in refed mice were more prominent in ASC-2+/- livers than in wild-type livers. Interestingly, the expression levels of SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 1) and SOCS3, well-known insulin signalling inhibitors, were decreased in ASC-2+/- hepatocytes and increased in ASC-2-overexpressing hepatocytes. Furthermore, ASC-2 was recruited to the promoter region of SOCS1 and potentiated the transcription by SREBP-1c (sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c). This transcription-activating function of ASC-2 was diminished by mutations of SREBP-1c-binding sites in the SOCS1 promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that ASC-2 negatively affects hepatic insulin sensitivity, at least in part, through induction of the insulin signalling inhibitors SOCS1 and SOCS3.
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Adachi K, Fukumorita K, Araki M, Zaima N, Yang ZH, Chiba S, Kishimura H, Saeki H. Transcriptome analysis of the duodenum, pancreas, liver, and muscle from diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats fed a trypsin inhibitor derived from squid viscera. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5540-5546. [PMID: 22594795 DOI: 10.1021/jf300152y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin inhibitors (TIs) have various nutritional effects. However, a detailed mechanism for their effects, especially on the gene expression patterns in various tissues, remains unknown. Here, we used transcriptome techniques and gene ontology (GO) analysis to examine the effects of squid TI (sqTI), a biochemically stable peptide, on diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats after feeding for 10 weeks. We demonstrated that downregulation of SREBP1c in the liver via duodenal/pancreatic hormones suppresses the blood cholesterol level. Consistently, in GO analysis, the term "cholesterol biosynthetic process" was enriched among downregulated genes. No hypoglycemic or insulinotropic effects were observed, in contrast to the results from our previous studies (single stimulation with the same dose of TI), which can be partly ascribed to the inactive responses of the duodenum and pancreas in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Adachi
- Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Limited, Kitanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as key regulators of metabolism. For example, miR-33a and miR-33b have a crucial role in controlling cholesterol and lipid metabolism in concert with their host genes, the sterol-regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors. Other metabolic miRNAs, such as miR-103 and miR-107, regulate insulin and glucose homeostasis, whereas miRNAs such as miR-34a are emerging as key regulators of hepatic lipid homeostasis. The discovery of circulating miRNAs has highlighted their potential as both endocrine signalling molecules and disease markers. Dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to metabolic abnormalities, suggesting that miRNAs may potentially serve as therapeutic targets for ameliorating cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Rottiers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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26
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as key regulators of metabolism. For example, miR-33a and miR-33b have a crucial role in controlling cholesterol and lipid metabolism in concert with their host genes, the sterol-regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors. Other metabolic miRNAs, such as miR-103 and miR-107, regulate insulin and glucose homeostasis, whereas miRNAs such as miR-34a are emerging as key regulators of hepatic lipid homeostasis. The discovery of circulating miRNAs has highlighted their potential as both endocrine signalling molecules and disease markers. Dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to metabolic abnormalities, suggesting that miRNAs may potentially serve as therapeutic targets for ameliorating cardiometabolic disorders.
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Burgos-Ramos E, González-Rodríguez A, Canelles S, Baquedano E, Frago LM, Revuelta-Cervantes J, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Chowen JA, Argente J, Valverde AM, Barrios V. Differential insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-related modulation of neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin expression in nondiabetic and diabetic IRS2-/- mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1129-40. [PMID: 22210743 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes correlate with impaired leptin and insulin signaling. Insulin receptor substrate-2 deficient (IRS2(-/-)) mice are an accepted model for the exploration of alterations in these signaling pathways and their relationship with diabetes; however, disturbances in hypothalamic signaling and the effect on neuropeptides controlling food intake remain unclear. Our aim was to analyze how leptin and insulin signaling may differentially affect the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides regulating food intake and hypothalamic inflammation in diabetic (D) and nondiabetic (ND) IRS2(-/-) mice. We analyzed the activation of leptin and insulin targets by Western blotting and their association by immunoprecipitation, as well as the mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin, and inflammatory markers by real-time PCR and colocalization of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and NPY by double immunohistochemistry in the hypothalamus. Serum leptin and insulin levels and hypothalamic Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 activation were increased in ND IRS2(-/-) mice. IRS1 levels and its association with Janus kinase 2 and p85 and protein kinase B activation were increased in ND IRS2(-/-). Increased FOXO1 positively correlated with NPY mRNA levels in D IRS2(-/-) mice, with FOXO1 showing mainly nuclear localization in D IRS2(-/-) and cytoplasmic in ND IRS2(-/-) mice. D IRS2(-/-) mice exhibited higher hypothalamic inflammation markers than ND IRS2(-/-) mice. In conclusion, differential activation of these pathways and changes in the expression of NPY and inflammation may exert a protective effect against hypothalamic deregulation of appetite, suggesting that manipulation of these targets could be of interest in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, 65; E-28009 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Abstract
The sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) play an important role in regulating lipid homeostasis. Translated as inactive precursors that are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, SREBPs are activated through a proteolytic process in response to intracellular demands for lipids. The cleaved amino-terminal fragments of SREBPs then translocate into the nucleus as homodimers and stimulate the transcription of target genes by binding to the sterol response elements (SREs) in their promoters. Numerous studies using cell culture or genetically modified mouse models have demonstrated that the major target genes of SREBPs include rate-limiting enzymes in the pathways of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis as well as the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The proteolytic maturation of SREBPs has been well studied in the past. However, recent studies have also improved our understanding on the regulation of nuclear SREBPs. In the nucleus, SREBPs interact with specific transcriptional cofactors, such as CBP/p300 and the Mediator complex, resulting in stimulation or inhibition of their transcriptional activities. In addition, nuclear SREBP protein stability is dynamically regulated by phosphorylation and acetylation. Such protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications elegantly link the extracellular signals, such as insulin, or intracellular signals, such as oxidative stress, to lipid biosynthesis by modulating the transcriptional activity of SREBPs. Under normal physiological states, lipid homeostasis is strictly maintained. However, the SREBP pathways are often dysregulated in pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver diseases. Thus, the novel regulatory mechanisms of SREBPs may provide new opportunities for fighting these metabolic diseases.
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29
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Rottiers V, Najafi-Shoushtari SH, Kristo F, Gurumurthy S, Zhong L, Li Y, Cohen DE, Gerszten RE, Bardeesy N, Mostoslavsky R, Näär AM. MicroRNAs in metabolism and metabolic diseases. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 76:225-33. [PMID: 22156303 PMCID: PMC3880782 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2011.76.011049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant cholesterol/lipid homeostasis is linked to a number of diseases prevalent in the developed world, including metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We have previously uncovered gene regulatory mechanisms of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) family of transcription factors, which control the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis and uptake. Intriguingly, we recently discovered conserved microRNAs (miR-33a/b) embedded within intronic sequences of the human SREBF genes that act in a concerted manner with their host gene products to regulate cholesterol/lipid homeostasis. Indeed, miR-33a/b control the levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCA1, a cholesterol efflux pump critical for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) synthesis and reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues. Importantly, antisense inhibition of miR-33 in mice results in elevated HDL and decreased atherosclerosis. Interestingly, miR-33a/b also act in the fatty acid/lipid homeostasis pathway by controlling the fatty acid β-oxidation genes carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT), hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A-dehydrogenase (HADHB), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), as well as the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1), the NAD(+)-dependent sirtuin SIRT6, and the insulin signaling intermediate IRS2, key regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism. These results have revealed a highly integrated microRNA (miRNA)-host gene circuit governing cholesterol/lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in mammals that may have important therapeutic implications for the treatment of cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Rottiers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S. Hani Najafi-Shoushtari
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fjoralba Kristo
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sushma Gurumurthy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lei Zhong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anders M. Näär
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Protective Effect of Proanthocyanidin against Diabetic Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:623879. [PMID: 21912569 PMCID: PMC3168294 DOI: 10.1155/2012/623879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the antidiabetic potential of proanthocyanidin and its oligomeric form in STZ-induced diabetic model rats and db/db type 2 diabetic mice. Proanthocyanidin ameliorated the diabetic condition by significant decreases of serum glucose, glycosylated protein, and serum urea nitrogen as well as decreases of urinary protein and renal-AGE in STZ-induced diabetic rats and decrease of serum glucose as well as significant decrease of glycosylated protein in db/db type 2 diabetic mice. The suppression of ROS generation and elevation of the GSH/GSSG ratio were also observed in the groups administered proanthocyanidin. Moreover, proanthocyanidin, especially its oligomeric form, affected the inflammatory process with the regulation of related protein expression, iNOS, COX-2 and upstream regulators, NF-κB, and the IκB-α. In addition, it had a marked effect on hyperlipidemia through lowering significant levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and NEFA. Moreover, expressions in the liver of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 were downregulated by the administration of proanthocyanidins. The protective effect against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in type 1 and 2 diabetic models was significantly strong in the groups administered the oligomeric rather than polymeric form. This suggests that oligomers act as a regulator in inflammatory reactions caused by oxidative stress in diabetes.
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31
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Rector RS, Thyfault JP. Does physical inactivity cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:1828-35. [PMID: 21565984 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00384.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While physical activity represents a key element in the prevention and management of many chronic diseases, we and others believe that physical inactivity is a primary cause of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Unfortunately, accumulating evidence suggests that we have engineered physical activity out of our normal daily living activity. One such consequence of our sedentary and excessive lifestyle is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is now considered the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Westernized societies. In this review, we will present evidence that physical inactivity, low aerobic fitness, and overnutrition, either separately or in combination, are an underlying cause of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Rector
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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32
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Fritsche L, Neukamm SS, Lehmann R, Kremmer E, Hennige AM, Hunder-Gugel A, Schenk M, Häring HU, Schleicher ED, Weigert C. Insulin-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-2 via ERK1/2 and mTOR: studies on the function of Ser675 and Ser907. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E824-36. [PMID: 21098738 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00409.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The identity of specific serine phosphorylation residues of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 and their impact on insulin signal transduction are largely unknown. Ser(675) and Ser(907) of mouse IRS-2 are adjacent to PI 3-kinase or Grb2 binding domains, respectively. Using monoclonal phosphosite-specific antibodies, we demonstrated the phosphorylation of both serines after stimulation of Fao hepatoma cells with insulin, anisomycin, or phorbol esters. Phosphorylation of both sites was a late and prolonged event during insulin treatment and was also detected in liver tissue of insulin-treated as well as refed mice. Inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERK1/2 indicated that the insulin-induced phosphorylation of Ser(907) was ERK dependent. Phosphorylation of Ser(907) did not prevent the insulin-induced association of IRS-2 with Grb2, but phosphorylation of the adjacent Tyr(911) was proved to be crucial in HEK 293 cells expressing IRS-2 Ala mutants. The insulin-induced phosphorylation of Ser(675) was prevented by inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of mTOR but not of p70(S6K1). Mutation of Ser(675) to Ala did not affect downstream insulin signaling but increased the half-life of the protein, suggesting an involvement of phospho-Ser(675) in an accelerated degradation of IRS-2. Moreover, the insulin-induced degradation of IRS-2 was blocked by inhibition of mTOR. We conclude that the two novel insulin-dependent serine phosphorylation sites of IRS-2 were not involved in the regulation of the adjacent PI 3-kinase and Grb2 binding domains but might be implicated in the ERK- and mTOR-mediated negative feedback control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fritsche
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Div. of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Univ. of Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Straße 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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33
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Leavens KF, Birnbaum MJ. Insulin signaling to hepatic lipid metabolism in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 46:200-15. [PMID: 21599535 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2011.562481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of overnutrition and reduced activity has led to a worldwide epidemic of obesity. In many cases, this is associated with insulin resistance, an inability of the hormone to direct its physiological actions appropriately. A number of disease states accompany insulin resistance such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Though the pathways by which insulin controls hepatic glucose output have been of intense study in recent years, considerably less attention has been devoted to how lipid metabolism is regulated. Thus, both the proximal signaling pathways as well as the more distal targets of insulin remain uncertain. In this review, we consider the signaling pathways by which insulin controls the synthesis and accumulation of lipids in the mammalian liver and, in particular, how this might lead to abnormal triglyceride deposition in liver during insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla F Leavens
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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34
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Dong XY, Tang SQ. Insulin-induced gene: a new regulator in lipid metabolism. Peptides 2010; 31:2145-50. [PMID: 20817058 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-induced genes (Insigs) including Insig-1 and Insig-2, are proteins that mediate sterol regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase). Insigs perform distinct tasks in the regulation of these effectors: they promote the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of SCAP, but ubiquitin-mediated degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. Through these activities, Insig-1 and Insig-2 influence cholesterol metabolism, lipogenesis, and glucose homeostasis in diverse tissues such as adipose tissue and liver. In this article, we focus on the functions, expression and regulation, gene polymorphisms of Insigs, and their deficiency with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Dong
- College of Yingdong Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Daxue Avenue, Zhenjiang District, Shaoguan 512005, PR China
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35
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Garcia-Barrado MJ, Iglesias-Osma MC, Moreno-Viedma V, Pastor Mansilla MF, Gonzalez SS, Carretero J, Moratinos J, Burks DJ. Differential sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation underlies the sexual dimorphism in the development of diabetes caused by Irs-2 deficiency. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 81:279-88. [PMID: 20959116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The diabetic phenotype caused by the deletion of insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs-2) in mice displays a sexual dimorphism. Whereas the majority of male Irs-2(-/-) mice are overtly diabetic by 12 weeks of age, female Irs-2(-/-) animals develop mild obesity and progress less rapidly to diabetes. Here we investigated β-cell function and lipolysis as potential explanations for the gender-related differences in this model. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was enhanced in islets from male null mice as compared to male WT whereas this response in female Irs-2(-/-) islets was identical to that of female controls. The ability of α(2)-adrenoceptor (α(2)-AR) agonists to inhibit insulin secretion was attenuated in male Irs2 null mice. Consistent with this, the expression of the α(2A)-AR was reduced in male Irs-2(-/-) islets. The response of male Irs-2(-/-) islets to forskolin was enhanced, owing to increased production of cAMP. Basal lipolysis was increased in male Irs-2(-/-) but decreased in female Irs-2(-/-) mice, concordant with the observation that adipose tissue is sparse in males whereas female Irs2 null mice are mildly obese. Adipocytes from both male and female Irs-2(-/-) were resistant to the anti-lipolytic effects of insulin but female Irs-2(-/-) fat cells were additionally resistant to the catabolic effects of beta-adrenergic agonists. This catecholamine resistance was associated with impaired generation of cAMP. Consequently, targets of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) which mediate lipolysis were not phosphorylated in adipose tissue of female Irs-2(-/-) mice. Our findings suggest that IRS-2 deficiency in mice alters the expression and/or sensitivity of components of adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Garcia-Barrado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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36
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Noh JS, Park CH, Kim HY, Zhao Q, Yamabe N, Matsumoto K, Yokozawa T. Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu prevents dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in mouse model of type 2 diabetes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 63:111-9. [PMID: 21155823 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We have investigated the effects of Kangen-karyu, a Chinese prescription, on the lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in a type 2 diabetes model.
Methods
Male db/db mice were divided into three groups: control (vehicle), Kangen-karyu 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight/day orally administered mice. Age-matched non-diabetic m/m mice were used as a normal group.
Key findings
The administration of Kangen-karyu reduced hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in db/db type 2 diabetic mice through a decline in the serum levels of glucose and lipids, and an improvement of lipoprotein profiles. The increased oxidative stress in db/db mice was attenuated by the administration of Kangen-karyu through inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. The enhanced hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of the db/db mice were significantly reduced by Kangen-karyu administration through down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and lipogenic enzymes in liver. Furthermore, the expressions of hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels were also augmented in db/db mice. However, Kangen-karyu reduced the expressions of these inflammatory proteins by inhibiting NF-κB activation in db/db type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions
This study suggests that Kangen-karyu may improve oxidative stress via the regulation of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sook Noh
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Jinju National University, Chilamdong, Jinju, Korea
| | - Qi Zhao
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamabe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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37
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Keller MP, Attie AD. Physiological insights gained from gene expression analysis in obesity and diabetes. Annu Rev Nutr 2010; 30:341-64. [PMID: 20415584 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microarray technology permits the interrogation of nearly all expressed genes under a wide range of conditions. Patterns of gene expression in response to obesity and diabetes have yielded important insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes and its relationship to obesity. In muscle, microarray studies have motivated research into mitochondrial function. In adipose tissue, clues have pointed to the importance of inflammation in obesity. New adipocyte-derived hormones involved in insulin resistance have been found; a notable example is retinol binding protein 4. In liver, genes responsive to master regulators of lipid metabolism have been identified. In beta-cells, genes involved in cell survival, cell proliferation, and insulin secretion have been identified. These studies have greatly expanded our understanding of mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of obesity-induced diabetes. When combined with genetic information, microarray data can be used to construct causal network models linking gene expression with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, USA
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38
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Abnormal hepatic apolipoprotein B metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:353-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hypolipidaemic and antioxidative effects of oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, on renal damage in type 2 diabetic mice. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1120-8. [PMID: 20642878 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oligonol was orally administered at 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight per d for 8 weeks to db/db mice with type 2 diabetes, and its effects were compared with those of the vehicle in db/db and m/m (misty, non-diabetic) mice. Serum and renal biochemical factors, protein expressions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, and advanced glycation endproducts were measured. There were significant reductions in the serum lipid concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, as well as improvements in renal function parameters. In addition, oligonol treatment significantly decreased ROS levels and lipid peroxidation in the kidney. In particular, the renal lipid contents such as TAG and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the oligonol-administered groups through the up-regulation of PPARα and down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in db/db mice. Moreover, oligonol inhibited non-fluorescent AGE formation and their receptor expression, suggesting that it could effectively inhibit AGE development caused by oxidative stress and/or dyslipidaemia in the kidney of db/db mice. Furthermore, augmented expressions of NF-κBp65, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase were down-regulated to the levels of m/m mice in the group given oligonol at 20 mg/kg. This means that oligonol would act as a regulator in the inflammatory response of type 2 diabetes. The present results suggest that oligonol could have renoprotective effects against abnormal lipid metabolism and ROS-related AGE formation in type 2 diabetes.
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40
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Yamabe N, Kim HY, Kang KS, Zhao Q, Matsumoto K, Yokozawa T. Effect of Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu on lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:299-305. [PMID: 20363309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu is clinically used as a treatment for cardiovascular diseases, and we have reported the beneficial effects on chemically induced hyperlipidemic animal models. The present study was investigated to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of Kangen-karyu in type 2 diabetic db/db mice which has not been explored yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male db/db mice were divided into three groups, vehicle (control), Kangen-karyu 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight/day, and orally administered for 5 weeks every day. Age-matched non-diabetic m/m mice were used as a normal group. RESULTS Serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels in db/db mice were increased compared with those of m/m mice. However, the administration of Kangen-karyu reduced hyperlipidemia in db/db mice through a decline in the serum levels of TG and total cholesterol. The hepatic TG and total cholesterol levels of db/db mice were markedly higher than those of m/m mice, but these elevated lipid levels were significantly reduced by 200 mg/kg Kangen-karyu administration. Also, oil red O staining showed that the increased lipid deposition level in the liver of db/db control mice was improved by Kangen-karyu administration. The expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 in the liver of db/db mice was significantly down-regulated by the administration of Kangen-karyu at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Kangen-karyu caused a slight elevation in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in the liver of db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS This study provides scientific evidence that Kangen-karyu improves hyperlipidemia and lipid deposition via the regulation of hepatic SREBP-1 expression in type 2 diabetic db/db mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Blotting, Western
- Cholesterol/blood
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/biosynthesis
- Treatment Outcome
- Triglycerides/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yamabe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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41
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Fernández-Alvarez A, Soledad Alvarez M, Cucarella C, Casado M. Characterization of the human insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) promoter: the role of Ets-binding motifs. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:11765-74. [PMID: 20145255 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.067447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) and its homolog INSIG1 encode closely related endoplasmic reticulum proteins that regulate the proteolytic activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, transcription factors that activate the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in animal cells. Several studies have been carried out to identify INSIG2 genetic variants associated with metabolic diseases. However, few data have been published regarding the regulation of INSIG2 gene expression. Two Insig2 transcripts have been described in rodents through the use of different promoters that produce different noncoding first exons that splice into a common second exon. Herein we report the cloning and characterization of the human INSIG2 promoter and the detection of an INSIG2-specific transcript homologous to the Insig2b mouse variant in human liver. Deletion analyses on 3 kb of 5'-flanking DNA of the human INSIG2 gene revealed the functional importance of a 350-bp region upstream of the transcription start site. Mutated analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and RNA interference analyses unveiled the significance of an Ets-consensus motif in the proximal region and the interaction of the Ets family member SAP1a (serum response factor (SRF) accessory protein-1a) with this region of the human INSIG2 promoter. Moreover, our findings suggest that insulin activated the human INSIG2 promoter in a process mediated by phosphorylated SAP1a. Overall, these results map the functional elements in the human INSIG2 promoter sequence and suggest an unexpected regulation of INSIG2 gene expression in human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernández-Alvarez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Valencia, Spain
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Hérault F, Saez G, Robert E, Al Mohammad A, Davail S, Chartrin P, Baéza E, Diot C. Liver gene expression in relation to hepatic steatosis and lipid secretion in two duck species. Anim Genet 2010; 41:12-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bu SY, Mashek MT, Mashek DG. Suppression of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 decreases hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis through decreased transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30474-83. [PMID: 19737935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.036665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) activate fatty acids to acyl-CoAs in the initial step of fatty acid metabolism. Numerous isoforms of ACSL and FATP exist with different tissue distribution patterns, intracellular locations, and substrate preferences, suggesting that each isoform has distinct functions in channeling fatty acids into different metabolic pathways. Because fatty acids, acyl-CoAs, and downstream lipid metabolites regulate various transcription factors that control hepatic energy metabolism, we hypothesized that ACSL or FATP isoforms differentially regulate hepatic gene expression. Using small interference RNA (siRNA), we knocked down each liver-specific ACSL and FATP isoform in rat primary hepatocyte cultures and subsequently analyzed reporter gene activity of numerous transcription factors and performed quantitative mRNA analysis of their target genes. Compared with control cells, which were transfected with control siRNA, knockdown of acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3) significantly decreased reporter gene activity of several lipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator activation receptor-gamma, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and liver X receptor-alpha and the expression of their target genes. These findings were further supported by metabolic labeling studies that showed [1-(14)C]acetate incorporation into lipid extracts was decreased in cells treated with ACSL3 siRNAs and that ACSL3 expression is up-regulated in ob/ob mice and mice fed a high sucrose diet. ACSL3 knockdown decreased total acyl-CoA synthetase activity without substantially altering the expression of other ACSL isoforms. In summary, these results identify a novel role for ACSL3 in mediating transcriptional control of hepatic lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Bu
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
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Delibegovic M, Zimmer D, Kauffman C, Rak K, Hong EG, Cho YR, Kim JK, Kahn BB, Neel BG, Bence KK. Liver-specific deletion of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) improves metabolic syndrome and attenuates diet-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Diabetes 2009; 58:590-9. [PMID: 19074988 PMCID: PMC2646057 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is a negative regulator of insulin signaling; consequently, mice deficient in PTP1B are hypersensitive to insulin. Because PTP1B(-/-) mice have diminished fat stores, the extent to which PTP1B directly regulates glucose homeostasis is unclear. Previously, we showed that brain-specific PTP1B(-/-) mice are protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, whereas muscle-specific PTP1B(-/-) mice have increased insulin sensitivity independent of changes in adiposity. Here we studied the role of liver PTP1B in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed body mass/adiposity, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism in liver-specific PTP1B(-/-) and PTP1Bfl/fl control mice, fed a chow or high-fat diet. RESULTS Compared with normal littermates, liver-specific PTP1B(-/-) mice exhibit improved glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, independent of changes in adiposity. Liver-specific PTP1B(-/-) mice have increased hepatic insulin signaling, decreased expression of gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G-6-Pase, enhanced insulin-induced suppression of hepatic glucose production, and improved glucose tolerance. Liver-specific PTP1B(-/-) mice exhibit decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels and diminished expression of lipogenic genes SREBPs, FAS, and ACC. Liver-specific PTP1B deletion also protects against high-fat diet-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response in vivo, as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of p38MAPK, JNK, PERK, and eIF2alpha and lower expression of the transcription factors C/EBP homologous protein and spliced X box-binding protein 1. CONCLUSIONS Liver PTP1B plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism, independent of alterations in adiposity. Inhibition of PTP1B in peripheral tissues may be useful for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and reduction of cardiovascular risk in addition to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Delibegovic
- Cancer Biology Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Awazawa M, Ueki K, Inabe K, Yamauchi T, Kaneko K, Okazaki Y, Bardeesy N, Ohnishi S, Nagai R, Kadowaki T. Adiponectin suppresses hepatic SREBP1c expression in an AdipoR1/LKB1/AMPK dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:51-6. [PMID: 19254698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin, one of the insulin-sensitizing adipokines, has been shown to activate fatty acid oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle, thus maintaining insulin sensitivity. However, the precise roles of adiponectin in fatty acid synthesis are poorly understood. Here we show that adiponectin administration acutely suppresses expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, the master regulator which controls and upregulates the enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, in the liver of +Lepr(db)/+Lepr(db) (db/db) mouse as well as in cultured hepatocytes. We also show that adiponectin suppresses SREBP1c by AdipoR1, one of the functional receptors for adiponetin, and furthermore that suppressing either AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via its upstream kinase LKB1 deletion cancels the negative effect of adiponectin on SREBP1c expression. These data show that adiponectin suppresses SREBP1c through the AdipoR1/LKB1/AMPK pathway, and suggest a possible role for adiponectin in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Awazawa
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Takamoto I, Terauchi Y, Kubota N, Ohsugi M, Ueki K, Kadowaki T. Crucial role of insulin receptor substrate-2 in compensatory beta-cell hyperplasia in response to high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10 Suppl 4:147-56. [PMID: 18834442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes, there is a defect in the regulation of functional beta-cell mass to overcome high-fat (HF) diet-induced insulin resistance. Many signals and pathways have been implicated in beta-cell function, proliferation and apoptosis. The co-ordinated regulation of functional beta-cell mass by insulin signalling and glucose metabolism under HF diet-induced insulin-resistant conditions is discussed in this article. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 is one of the two major substrates for the insulin signalling. Interestingly, IRS-2 is involved in the regulation of beta-cell proliferation, as has been demonstrated using knockout mice models. On the other hand, in an animal model for human type 2 diabetes with impaired insulin secretion because of insufficiency of glucose metabolism, decreased beta-cell proliferation was observed in mice with beta-cell-specific glucokinase haploinsufficiency (Gck(+/) (-)) fed a HF diet without upregulation of IRS-2 in beta-cells, which was reversed by overexpression of IRS-2 in beta-cells. As to the mechanism underlying the upregulation of IRS-2 in beta-cells, glucose metabolism plays an important role independently of insulin, and phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein triggered by calcium-dependent signalling is the critical pathway. Downstream from insulin signalling via IRS-2 in beta-cells, a reduction in FoxO1 nuclear exclusion contributes to the insufficient proliferative response of beta-cells to insulin resistance. These findings suggest that IRS-2 is critical for beta-cell hyperplasia in response to HF diet-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Takamoto
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Zheng PY. Effects of puerarin on expressions of leptin receptor mRNA, phosphoryla-ted Janus kinase 2/phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 proteins in the liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 6:921-7. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20080909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lee YA, Cho EJ, Yokozawa T. Effects of proanthocyanidin preparations on hyperlipidemia and other biomarkers in mouse model of type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7781-7789. [PMID: 18690694 DOI: 10.1021/jf800639m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of proanthocyanidins from persimmon peel, using both oligomers and polymers, was investigated in a db/db type 2 diabetes model. Male db/db mice were divided into three groups: control (vehicle), polymer-, or oligomer- (10 mg/(kg body weight x day x p.o.)) administered mice. Age-matched nondiabetic m/m mice were used as a normal group. The administration of proanthocyanidins reduced hyperglycemia in db/db mice through a decline in the serum level of glucose and glycosylated protein. In addition, it had a strong effect on hyperlipidemia through lowering levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acids. The protective effect against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia was greater in the groups administered the oligomeric rather than polymeric form. The increased oxidative stress in db/db mice was attenuated by the administration of oligomers through inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and elevating the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. On the other hand, polymers did not show such an effect. Moreover, expressions in the liver of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 and SREBP-2 were downregulated by the administration of proanthocyanidins, especially the oligomeric form. Oligomers caused a slight elevation in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha. Furthermore, oligomeric proanthocyanidin regulated the expression of nuclear factor kappaB in db/db type 2 diabetes via the activation of inhibitor protein kappaB-alpha. It also attenuated the protein expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. This suggests that oligomers would act as a regulator in inflammatory reactions associated with oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. The present study results suggest that proanthocyanidin administration, especially the oligomeric form, may improve oxidative stress via the regulation of hyperlipidemia than hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young A Lee
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Nino-Fong R, Collins T, Chan C. Nutrigenomics, beta-cell function and type 2 diabetes. Curr Genomics 2008; 8:1-29. [PMID: 18645625 PMCID: PMC2474685 DOI: 10.2174/138920207780076947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 08/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present investigation was designed to investigate the accuracy and precision of lactate measurement obtained with contemporary biosensors (Chiron Diagnostics, Nova Biomedical) and standard enzymatic photometric procedures (Sigma Diagnostics, Abbott Laboratories, Analyticon). MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurements were performed in vitro before and after the stepwise addition of 1 molar sodium lactate solution to samples of fresh frozen plasma to systematically achieve lactate concentrations of up to 20 mmol/l. RESULTS Precision of the methods investigated varied between 1% and 7%, accuracy ranged between 2% and -33% with the variability being lowest in the Sigma photometric procedure (6%) and more than 13% in both biosensor methods. CONCLUSION Biosensors for lactate measurement provide adequate accuracy in mean with the limitation of highly variable results. A true lactate value of 6 mmol/l was found to be presented between 4.4 and 7.6 mmol/l or even with higher difference. Biosensors and standard enzymatic photometric procedures are only limited comparable because the differences between paired determinations presented to be several mmol. The advantage of biosensors is the complete lack of preanalytical sample preparation which appeared to be the major limitation of standard photometry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nino-Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3 Canada
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Arai T, Hashimoto H, Kawai K, Mori A, Ohnishi Y, Hioki K, Ito M, Saito M, Ueyama Y, Ohsugi M, Suzuki R, Kubota N, Yamauchi T, Tobe K, Kadowaki T, Kosaka K. Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus observed in insulin receptor substrate 2 deficient mice. Clin Exp Med 2008; 8:93-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-008-0163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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