1
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Condeles AL, Toledo Junior JC. The Labile Iron Pool Reacts Rapidly and Catalytically with Peroxynitrite. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1331. [PMID: 34572543 PMCID: PMC8466499 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While investigating peroxynitrite-dependent oxidation in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, we observed that removal of the Labile Iron Pool (LIP) by chelation increases the intracellular oxidation of the fluorescent indicator H2DCF, so we concluded that the LIP reacts with peroxynitrite and decreases the yield of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants. This was a paradigm-shifting finding in LIP biochemistry and raised many questions. In this follow-up study, we address fundamental properties of the interaction between the LIP and peroxynitrite by using the same cellular model and fluorescence methodology. We have identified that the reaction between the LIP and peroxynitrite has catalytic characteristics, and we have estimated that the rate constant of the reaction is in the range of 106 to 107 M-1s-1. Together, these observations suggest that the LIP represents a constitutive peroxynitrite reductase system in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Carlos Toledo Junior
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil;
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2
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Martínez-González K, Serrano-Cuevas L, Almeida-Gutiérrez E, Flores-Chavez S, Mejía-Aranguré JM, Garcia-delaTorre P. Citrulline supplementation improves spatial memory in a murine model for Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition 2021; 90:111248. [PMID: 33940559 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) correlates with the dysfunction of metabolic pathways that translates into neurological symptoms. An arginine deficiency, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), has been reported for patients with AD. We aimed to evaluate the effect of citrulline oral supplementation on cognitive decline in an AD murine model. METHODS Three-month citrulline or water supplementation was blindly given to male and female wild-type and 3 × Tg mice with AD trained and tested in the Morris water maze. Cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue were collected. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography was used for arginine determinations and the Griess method for NO. RESULTS Eight-month-old male 3 × Tg mice with AD supplemented with citrulline performed significantly better in the Morris water maze task. Arginine levels increased in the cerebrospinal fluid although no changes were seen in brain tissue and only a tendency of increase of NO was observed. CONCLUSIONS Citrulline oral administration is a viable treatment for memory improvement in the early stages of AD, pointing to NO as a viable, efficient target for memory dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Martínez-González
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Distrito Federal, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - Leonor Serrano-Cuevas
- Coordinación de Unidades Médicas, División de Evaluación y Rendición de Cuentas de los Procesos de Atención Médica en Unidades Médicas de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | - Eduardo Almeida-Gutiérrez
- Head of Medical Education and Research, Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | - Salvador Flores-Chavez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México
| | | | - Paola Garcia-delaTorre
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México.
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3
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Poncin K, Roba A, Jimmidi R, Potemberg G, Fioravanti A, Francis N, Willemart K, Zeippen N, Machelart A, Biondi EG, Muraille E, Vincent SP, De Bolle X. Occurrence and repair of alkylating stress in the intracellular pathogen Brucella abortus. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4847. [PMID: 31649248 PMCID: PMC6813329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is assumed that intracellular pathogenic bacteria have to cope with DNA alkylating stress within host cells. Here we use single-cell reporter systems to show that the pathogen Brucella abortus does encounter alkylating stress during the first hours of macrophage infection. Genes encoding direct repair and base-excision repair pathways are required by B. abortus to face this stress in vitro and in a mouse infection model. Among these genes, ogt is found to be under the control of the conserved cell-cycle transcription factor GcrA. Our results highlight that the control of DNA repair in B. abortus displays distinct features that are not present in model organisms such as Escherichia coli. It is assumed that intracellular pathogenic bacteria must cope with DNA alkylating stress within host cells. Here, Poncin et al. show that the pathogen Brucella abortus does encounter alkylating stress within macrophages, and shed light into the pathways required for DNA repair in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Poncin
- URBM, Narilis, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Agnès Roba
- URBM, Narilis, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ravikumar Jimmidi
- Unité de Chimie Organique, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, 50 Avenue Halley, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,VIB,Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Arnaud Machelart
- URBM, Narilis, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emanuele G Biondi
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 CNRS, Université de Lille, 50 Avenue Halley, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Eric Muraille
- IMM, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane P Vincent
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
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4
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Taysi S, Tascan AS, Ugur MG, Demir M. Radicals, Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Preeclampsia. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:178-193. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181015151350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) has a profound effect in increasing both maternal and fetal morbidity and
mortality especially in third World. Disturbances of extravillous trophoblast migration toward uterine
spiral arteries is characteristic feature of PE, which, in turn, leads to increased uteroplacental vascular
resistance and by vascular dysfunction resulting in reduced systemic vasodilatory properties. Underlying
pathogenesis appeared to be an altered bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO•) and tissue damage
caused by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The
increase in ROS and RNS production or the decrease in antioxidant mechanisms generates a condition
called oxidative and nitrosative stress, respectively, defined as the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants
in favor of the oxidants. Additionally, ROS might trigger platelet adhesion and aggregation
leading to intravascular coagulopathy. ROS-induced coagulopathy causes placental infarction and impairs
the uteroplacental blood flow in PE. As a consequence of these disorders could result in deficiencies
in oxygen and nutrients required for normal fetal development resulting in fetal growth restriction.
On the one hand, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants scavenge ROS and protect tissues against
oxidative damage. More specifically, placental antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide
dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) protect the vasculature from ROS, maintaining
the vascular function. On the other hand, ischemia in placenta in PE reduces the antioxidant activity.
Collectively, the extent of oxidative stress would increase and therefore leads to the development
of the pathological findings of PE including hypertension and proteinuria. Our goal in this article is to
review current literature about researches demonstrating the interplay between oxidative, nitrosative
stresses and PE, about their roles in the pathophysiology of PE and also about the outcomes of current
clinical trials aiming to prevent PE with antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyithan Taysi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayse Saglam Tascan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mete Gurol Ugur
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziantep University, Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Demir
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Golbasi State Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
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5
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Bourret TJ, Boyle WK, Zalud AK, Valenzuela JG, Oliveira F, Lopez JE. The relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae persists in the highly oxidative environment of its soft-bodied tick vector. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e12987. [PMID: 30489694 PMCID: PMC6454574 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia turicatae possesses a complex life cycle in its soft-bodied tick vector, Ornithodoros turicata. Spirochetes enter the tick midgut during a blood meal, and, during the following weeks, spirochetes disseminate throughout O. turicata. A population persists in the salivary glands allowing for rapid transmission to the mammalian hosts during tick feeding. Little is known about the physiological environment within the salivary glands acini in which B. turicatae persists. In this study, we examined the salivary gland transcriptome of O. turicata ticks and detected the expression of 57 genes involved in oxidant metabolism or antioxidant defences. We confirmed the expression of five of the most highly expressed genes, including glutathione peroxidase (gpx), thioredoxin peroxidase (tpx), manganese superoxide dismutase (sod-1), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (sod-2), and catalase (cat) by reverse-transcriptase droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR). We also found distinct differences in the expression of these genes when comparing the salivary glands and midguts of unfed O. turicata ticks. Our results indicate that the salivary glands of unfed O. turicata nymphs are highly oxidative environments where reactive oxygen species (ROS) predominate, whereas midgut tissues comprise a primarily nitrosative environment where nitric oxide synthase is highly expressed. Additionally, B. turicatae was found to be hyperresistant to ROS compared with the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, suggesting it is uniquely adapted to the highly oxidative environment of O. turicata salivary gland acini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Bourret
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - William K Boyle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Amanda K Zalud
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Job E Lopez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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6
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Mahmoudi L, Kissner R, Koppenol WH. Low-Temperature Trapping of Intermediates in the Reaction of NO • with O 2. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:4846-4851. [PMID: 28414428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The autoxidation of NO• was studied in glass-like matrices of 2-methylbutane at 110 K and in a 8:3 v/v mixture of 2,2-dimethylbutane and n-pentane (rigisolve) at 80-90 K, by letting gaseous NO• diffuse into these solvents that were saturated with O2. In 2-methyllbutane, we observed a red compound. However, in rigisolve at 85-90 K, a bright yellow color appears that turns red when the sample is warmed by 10-20 K. The new yellow compound is a precursor of the red one and also diamagnetic. The UV-vis spectrum of the yellow compound contains a band which resembles that present in ONOO-. Because the red and yellow intermediates are not paramagnetic, we postulate that O═N-O-O• is in close contact with NO•, or with another O═N-O-O•. Diffusion of gaseous O2 into rigisolve saturated with NO• does not produce a color; however, a weak EPR signal (g = 2.010) is observed. This signal most likely indicates the presence of ONOO•. These findings complement our earlier observation of a red color at low temperatures and the presence of ONOO• in the gas phase (Galliker, B.; Kissner, R.; Nauser, T.; Koppenol, W. H. Chem. Eur. J. 2009, 15, 6161-6168), and they indicate that the termolecular autoxidation of nitrogen monoxide proceeds via the intermediate ONOO• and not via N2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mahmoudi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Kissner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Willem H Koppenol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Beuve A. Thiol-Based Redox Modulation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase, the Nitric Oxide Receptor. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:137-149. [PMID: 26906466 PMCID: PMC5240013 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), which produces the second messenger cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), is at the crossroads of nitric oxide (NO) signaling: sGC catalytic activity is both stimulated by NO binding to the heme and inhibited by NO modification of its cysteine (Cys) thiols (S-nitrosation). Modulation of sGC activity by thiol oxidation makes sGC a therapeutic target for pathologies originating from oxidative or nitrosative stress. sGC has an unusually high percentage of Cys for a cytosolic protein, the majority solvent exposed and therefore accessible modulatory targets for biological and pathophysiological signaling. Recent Advances: Thiol oxidation of sGC contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases by decreasing NO-dependent cGMP production and thereby vascular reactivity. This thiol-based resistance to NO (e.g., increase in peripheral resistance) is observed in hypertension and hyperaldosteronism. CRITICAL ISSUES Some roles of specific Cys thiols have been identified in vitro. So far, it has not been possible to pinpoint the roles of specific Cys of sGC in vivo and to investigate the molecular mechanisms in an animal model. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The role of Cys as redox sensors, intermediates of activation, and mediators of change in sGC conformation, activity, and dimerization remains largely unexplored. To understand modulation of sGC activity, it is critical to investigate the roles of specific oxidative thiol modifications that are formed during these processes. Where the redox state of sGC thiols contribute to pathologies (vascular resistance and sGC desensitization by NO donors), it becomes crucial to design therapeutic strategies to restore sGC to its normal, physiological thiol redox state. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 137-149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Beuve
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers , Newark, New Jersey
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8
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Lancaster JR. How are nitrosothiols formed de novo in vivo? Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 617:137-144. [PMID: 27794428 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological mechanisms of de novo formation of cellular nitrosothiols (as opposed to transnitrosation) are reviewed. The approach is to introduce chemical foundations for each mechanism, followed by evidence in biological systems. The general categories include mechanisms involving nitrous acid, NO autoxidation and oxidant stress, redox active and inactive metal ions, and sulfide/persulfide. Important conclusions/speculations are that de novo cellular thiol nitrosation (1) is an oxidative process, and so should be considered within the family of other thiol oxidative modifications, (2) may not involve a single dominant process but depends on the specific conditions, (3) does not involve O2 under at least some conditions, and (4) may serve to provide a "substrate pool" of protein cysteine nitrosothiol which could, through subsequent enzymatic transnitrosation/denitrosation, be "rearranged" to accomplish the specificity and regulatory control required for effective post-translational signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack R Lancaster
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
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9
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Zaffagnini M, De Mia M, Morisse S, Di Giacinto N, Marchand CH, Maes A, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms: A comprehensive overview with future perspectives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:952-66. [PMID: 26861774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and derivative reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play essential roles in cellular redox regulation mainly through protein S-nitrosylation, a redox post-translational modification in which specific cysteines are converted to nitrosothiols. SCOPE OF VIEW This review aims to discuss the current state of knowledge, as well as future perspectives, regarding protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS NO, synthesized by plants from different sources (nitrite, arginine), provides directly or indirectly the nitroso moiety of nitrosothiols. Biosynthesis, reactivity and scavenging systems of NO/RNS, determine the NO-based signaling including the rate of protein nitrosylation. Denitrosylation reactions compete with nitrosylation in setting the levels of nitrosylated proteins in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on a combination of proteomic, biochemical and genetic approaches, protein nitrosylation is emerging as a pervasive player in cell signaling networks. Specificity of protein nitrosylation and integration among different post-translational modifications are among the major challenges for future experimental studies in the redox biology field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaffagnini
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M De Mia
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Morisse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N Di Giacinto
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C H Marchand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Maes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S D Lemaire
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8226, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire and des Eucaryotes, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - P Trost
- Laboratory of Plant Redox Biology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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10
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Abstract
Nitric oxide is a free radical signal molecule. Various methods are available for measurement of NO. Out of all methods, fluorescent probes to localize NO is very widely used method. Diaminofluorescein in diacetate form (DAF-2DA) is most widely probe for NO measurement. This method is based on application of 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA) which is actively diffused into cells, once taken up by cells cytoplasmic esterases cleave the acetate groups to generate 4,5-diaminofluorescein; DAF-2. The generated DAF-2 can readily react with N2O3, which is an oxidation product of NO to generate the highly fluorescent DAF-2T (triazolofluorescein). There are various advantages and disadvantages associated with this method, but to its advantage in diffusion closely to NO producing sites, it is widely used for localization studies. Here, we describe method to make sections of the roots and localization of NO in roots subjected to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Wany
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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11
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Damasceno FC, Facci RR, da Silva TM, Toledo JC. Mechanisms and kinetic profiles of superoxide-stimulated nitrosative processes in cells using a diaminofluorescein probe. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:270-80. [PMID: 25242205 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the mechanisms and kinetic profiles of intracellular nitrosative processes using diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) as a target in RAW 264.7 cells. The intracellular formation of the fluorescent, nitrosated product diaminofluorescein triazol (DAFT) from both endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide (NO) was prevented by deoxygenation and by cell membrane-permeable superoxide (O2(-)) scavengers but not by extracellular bovine Cu,Zn-SOD. In addition, the DAFT formation rate decreased in the presence of cell membrane-permeable Mn porphyrins that are known to scavenge peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) but was enhanced by HCO3(-)/CO2. Together, these results indicate that nitrosative processes in RAW 264.7 cells depend on endogenous intracellular O2(-) and are stimulated by ONOO(-)/CO2-derived radical oxidants. The N2O3 scavenger sodium azide (NaN3) only partially attenuated the DAFT formation rate and only with high NO (>120 nM), suggesting that DAFT formation occurs by nitrosation (azide-susceptible DAFT formation) and predominantly by oxidative nitrosylation (azide-resistant DAFT formation). Interestingly, the DAFT formation rate increased linearly with NO concentrations of up to 120-140 nM but thereafter underwent a sharp transition and became insensitive to NO. This behavior indicates the sudden exhaustion of an endogenous cell substrate that reacts rapidly with NO and induces nitrosative processes, consistent with the involvement of intracellular O2(-). On the other hand, intracellular DAFT formation stimulated by a fixed flux of xanthine oxidase-derived extracellular O2(-) that also occurs by nitrosation and oxidative nitrosylation increased, peaked, and then decreased with increasing NO, as previously observed. Thus, our findings complementarily show that intra- and extracellular O2(-)-dependent nitrosative processes occurring by the same chemical mechanisms do not necessarily depend on NO concentration and exhibit different unusual kinetic profiles with NO dynamics, depending on the biological compartment in which NO and O2(-) interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cruvinel Damasceno
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Rodrigues Facci
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Marques da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Toledo
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Tun X, Yasukawa K, Yamada KI. Involvement of nitric oxide with activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:108-17. [PMID: 24992835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by acute inflammation, ulceration, and bleeding of the colonic mucosa. Its cause remains unknown. Increases in adhesion molecules in vascular endothelium, and activated neutrophils releasing injurious molecules such as reactive oxygen species, are reportedly associated with the pathogenesis of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Nitric oxide (NO) production derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) via activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) has been reported. It is also reported that stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide can activate NF-κB. In this study, we investigated the involvement of NO production in activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with DSS-induced colitis. The addition of 5% DSS to the drinking water of male ICR mice resulted in increases in TLR4 protein in colon tissue and NF-κB p65 subunit in the nuclear fraction on day 3, increases in colonic tumor necrosis factor-α on day 4, and increases in P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, NO2(-)/NO3(-), and nitrotyrosine in colonic mucosa on day 5. These activated inflammatory mediators and pathology of colitis were completely suppressed by treatment with a NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, as well as an iNOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine. Conversely, a NO-releasing compound, NOC-18, increased TLR4 levels and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and exacerbated mucosal damage induced by DSS challenge. These data suggest that increases in TLR4 expression induced by drinking DSS-treated water might be directly or indirectly associated with NO overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tun
- Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Yasukawa
- Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Department of Biofunctional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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13
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Quantitative determination of nitric oxide production in haemocytes: Nitrite reduction activity as a potential pathway of NO formation in haemolymph of Galleria mellonella larvae. Nitric Oxide 2014; 37:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Abstract
S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) are involved in post-translational modifications of many proteins analogous to protein phosphorylation. In addition, RSNO have many physiological roles similar to nitric oxide ((•)NO), which are presumably involving the release of (•)NO from the RSNO. However, the much longer life span in biological systems for RSNO than (•)NO suggests a dominant role for RSNO in mediating (•)NO bioactivity. RSNO are detected in plasma in low nanomolar levels in healthy human subjects. These RSNO are believed to be redirecting the (•)NO to the vasculature. However, the mechanism for the formation of RSNO in vivo has not been established. We have reviewed the reactions of (•)NO with oxygen, metalloproteins, and free radicals that can lead to the formation of RSNO and have evaluated the potential for each mechanism to provide a source for RSNO in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enika Nagababu
- Molecular Dynamics Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Rm No. 5B131, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA,
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15
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Sinha BK, Kumar A, Bhattacharjee S, Espey MG, Mason RP. Effect of nitric oxide on the anticancer activity of the topoisomerase-active drugs etoposide and adriamycin in human melanoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:607-14. [PMID: 24049059 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.207928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (·NO) was originally identified as an innate cytotoxin. However, in tumors it can enhance resistance to chemotherapy and exacerbate cancer progression. Our previous studies indicated that (·NO/·NO-derived species react with etoposide (VP-16) in vitro and form products that show significantly reduced activity toward HL60 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. Here, we further confirm the hypothesis that (÷)NO generation contributes to VP-16 resistance by examining interactions of ·NO with VP-16 in inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)-expressing human melanoma A375 cells. Inhibition of iNOS catalysis by N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine dihydrochloride (L-NIL) in human melanoma A375 cells reversed VP-16 resistance, leading to increased DNA damage and apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that coculturing A375 melanoma cells with LPS-induced macrophage RAW cells also significantly reduced VP-16 cytotoxicity and DNA damage in A375 cells. We also examined the interactions of (·)NO with another topoisomerase active drug, Adriamycin, in A375 cells. In contrast, to VP-16, (·)NO caused no significant modulation of cytotoxicity or Adriamycin-dependent apoptosis, suggesting that (⋅)NO does not interact with Adriamycin. Our studies support the hypothesis that (·)NO oxidative chemistry can detoxify VP-16 through direct nitrogen oxide radical attack. Our results provide insights into the pharmacology and anticancer mechanisms of VP-16 that may ultimately contribute to increased resistance, treatment failure, and induction of secondary leukemia in VP-16-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K Sinha
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (B.K.S., A.K., S.B., R.P.M.); and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (M.G.E.)
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16
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Ghirga F, D’Acquarica I, Delle Monache G, Mannina L, Molinaro C, Nevola L, Sobolev AP, Pierini M, Botta B. Reaction of Nitrosonium Cation with Resorc[4]arenes Activated by Supramolecular Control: Covalent Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6935-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400489m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ghirga
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria D’Acquarica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuliano Delle Monache
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carmela Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Nevola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica
“Annalaura Segre”, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche CNR Area della Ricerca di Roma, Via Salaria
km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Marco Pierini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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17
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St John S, Blower R, Popova TG, Narayanan A, Chung MC, Bailey CL, Popov SG. Bacillus anthracis co-opts nitric oxide and host serum albumin for pathogenicity in hypoxic conditions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:16. [PMID: 23730627 PMCID: PMC3656356 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is a dangerous pathogen of humans and many animal species. Its virulence has been mainly attributed to the production of Lethal and Edema toxins as well as the antiphagocytic capsule. Recent data indicate that the nitric oxide (NO) synthase (baNOS) plays an important pathogenic role at the early stage of disease by protecting bacteria from the host reactive species and S-nytrosylating the mitochondrial proteins in macrophages. In this study we for the first time present evidence that bacteria-derived NO participates in the generation of highly reactive oxidizing species which could be abolished by the NOS inhibitor L - NAME, free thiols, and superoxide dismutase but not catalase. The formation of toxicants is likely a result of the simultaneous formation of NO and superoxide leading to a labile peroxynitrite and its stable decomposition product, nitrogen dioxide. The toxicity of bacteria could be potentiated in the presence of bovine serum albumin. This effect is consistent with the property of serum albumin to serves as a trap of a volatile NO accelerating its reactions. Our data suggest that during infection in the hypoxic environment of pre-mortal host the accumulated NO is expected to have a broad toxic impact on host cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen St John
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
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18
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The contribution of N₂O₃ to the cytotoxicity of the nitric oxide donor DETA/NO: an emerging role for S-nitrosylation. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20120120. [PMID: 23402389 PMCID: PMC3610299 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20120120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the biological activity of NO and its chemistry is complex. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of oxygen tension on the cytotoxicity of the NO• donor DETA/NO and to determine the effects of oxygen tension on the key RNS (reactive nitrogen species) responsible for any subsequent toxicity. The findings presented in this study indicate that the DETA/NO-mediated cytotoxic effects were enhanced under hypoxic conditions. Further investigations revealed that neither ONOO− (peroxynitrite) nor nitroxyl was generated. Fluorimetric analysis in the presence of scavengers suggest for the first time that another RNS, dinitrogen trioxide may be responsible for the cytotoxicity with DETA/NO. Results showed destabilization of HIF (hypoxia inducible factor)-1α and depletion of GSH levels following the treatment with DETA/NO under hypoxia, which renders cells more susceptible to DETA/NO cytotoxicity, and could account for another mechanism of DETA/NO cytotoxicity under hypoxia. In addition, there was significant accumulation of nuclear p53, which showed that p53 itself might be a target for S-nitrosylation following the treatment with DETA/NO. Both the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the Fas extrinsic apoptotic pathway were also activated. Finally, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is another important S-nitrosylated protein that may possibly play a key role in DETA/NO-mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Therefore this study elucidates further mechanisms of DETA/NO mediated cytotoxicity with respect to S-nitrosylation that is emerging as a key player in the signalling and detection of DETA/NO-modified proteins in the tumour microenvironment.
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Sinha BK, Bhattacharjee S, Chatterjee S, Jiang J, Motten AG, Kumar A, Espey MG, Mason RP. Role of nitric oxide in the chemistry and anticancer activity of etoposide (VP-16,213). Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:379-87. [PMID: 23402364 DOI: 10.1021/tx300480q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Originally identified as an innate cytotoxin, nitric oxide ((·)NO) formation in tumors can influence chemotherapy and exacerbate cancer progression. Here, we examined the hypothesis that (·)NO generation contributes to cancer cell drug resistance toward the widely used anticancer drug Etoposide (VP-16). The UV-vis spectrum of VP-16 was not changed by exposure of VP-16 to (·)NO in aqueous buffer. In contrast, reddish-orange compound(s) characteristic of o-quinone- and nitroso-VP-16 were readily generated in a hydrophobic medium (chloroform) in an oxygen-dependent manner. Similar products were also formed when the VP-16 radical, generated from VP-16 and horseradish peroxidase/H2O2, was exposed directly to (·)NO in chloroform in the presence of oxygen. Separation and spectral analysis of VP-16 reaction extracts by electron spin resonance and UV-vis indicated the generation of the phenoxy radical and the o-quinone of VP-16, as well as putative nitroxide, iminoxyl, and other nitrogen oxide intermediates. Nitric oxide products of VP-16 displayed significantly diminished topoisomerase II-dependent cleavage of DNA and cytotoxicity to human HL-60 leukemia cells. LPS-mediated induction of nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages resulted in VP-16 resistance compared to Raw cells. Furthermore, (·)NO products derived from iNOS rapidly reacted with VP-16 leading to decreased DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Together, these observations suggest that the formation of (·)NO in tumors (associated macrophages) can contribute to VP-16 resistance via the detoxification of VP-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K Sinha
- Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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20
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Suhr F, Brenig J, Müller R, Behrens H, Bloch W, Grau M. Moderate exercise promotes human RBC-NOS activity, NO production and deformability through Akt kinase pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45982. [PMID: 23049912 PMCID: PMC3457942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in human red blood cells (RBCs) was shown to depend on shear stress and to exhibit important biological functions, such as inhibition of platelet activation. In the present study we hypothesized that exercise-induced shear stress stimulates RBC-NOS activation pathways, NO signaling, and deformability of human RBCs. Methods/Findings Fifteen male subjects conducted an exercise test with venous blood sampling before and after running on a treadmill for 1 hour. Immunohistochemical staining as well as western blot analysis were used to determine phosphorylation and thus activation of Akt kinase and RBC-NOS as well as accumulation of cyclic guanylyl monophosphate (cGMP) induced by the intervention. The data revealed that activation of NO upstream located enzyme Akt kinase was significantly increased after the test. Phosphorylation of RBC-NOSSer1177 was also significantly increased after exercise, indicating activation of RBC-NOS through Akt kinase. Total detectable RBC-NOS content and phosphorylation of RBC-NOSThr495 were not affected by the intervention. NO production by RBCs, determined by DAF fluorometry, and RBC deformability, measured via laser-assisted-optical-rotational red cell analyzer, were also significantly increased after the exercise test. The content of the NO downstream signaling molecule cGMP increased after the test. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase/Akt kinase pathway led to a decrease in RBC-NOS activation, NO production and RBC deformability. Conclusion/Significance This human in vivo study first-time provides strong evidence that exercise-induced shear stress stimuli activate RBC-NOS via the PI3-kinase/Akt kinase pathway. Actively RBC-NOS-produced NO in human RBCs is critical to maintain RBC deformability. Our data gain insights into human RBC-NOS regulation by exercise and, therefore, will stimulate new therapeutic exercise-based approaches for patients with microvascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Suhr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- The German Research Center of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Brenig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Müller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hilke Behrens
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- The German Research Center of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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21
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Rümer S, Krischke M, Fekete A, Mueller MJ, Kaiser WM. DAF-fluorescence without NO: elicitor treated tobacco cells produce fluorescing DAF-derivatives not related to DAF-2 triazol. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:123-35. [PMID: 22683597 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diaminofluorescein-dyes (DAFs) are widely used for visualizing NO· production in biological systems. Here it was examined whether DAF-fluorescence could be evoked by other means than nitrosation. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells treated with the fungal elicitor cryptogein released compound(s) which gave a fluorescence increase in the cell-free filtrate after addition of DAF-2 or DAF-FM or DAR-4M. DAF-reactive compounds were relatively stable and identified as reaction products of H(2)O(2) plus apoplastic peroxidase (PO). CPTIO prevented formation of these products. Horseradish-peroxidase (HR-PO) plus H(2)O(2) also generated DAF-fluorescence in vitro. Using RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection, DAF derivatives were further analyzed. In filtrates from cryptogein-treated cells, fluorescence originated from two novel DAF-derivatives also obtained in vitro with DAF-2+HR-PO+H(2)O(2). DAF-2T was only detected when an NO donor (DEA-NO) was present. Using high resolution mass spectrometry, the two above-described novel DAF-reaction products were tentatively identified as dimers. In cells preloaded with DAF-2 DA and incubated with or without cryptogein, DAF-fluorescence originated from a complex pattern of multiple products different from those obtained in vitro. One specific peak was responsive to exogenous H(2)O(2), and another, minor peak eluted at or close to DAF-2T. Thus, in contrast to the prevailing opinion, DAF-2 can be enzymatically converted into a variety of highly fluorescing derivatives, both inside and outside cells, of which none (outside) or only a minor part (inside) appeared NO· dependent. Accordingly, DAF-fluorescence and its prevention by cPTIO do not necessarily indicate NO· production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rümer
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biosciences, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
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22
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Duan R, Hu N, Liu HY, Li J, Guo HF, Liu C, Liu L, Liu XD. Biphasic regulation of P-glycoprotein function and expression by NO donors in Caco-2 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:767-74. [PMID: 22543702 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) donors on the function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells. METHODS Caco-2 cells were exposed to NO donors for designated times. P-gp function and expression were assessed using Rhodamine123 uptake assay and Western blotting, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS) and intracellular reactive nitrogen species (iRNS) levels were measured using ROS and RNS assay kits, respectively. RESULTS Exposure of Caco-2 cells to 0.1 or 2 mmol/L of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) affected the function and expression of P-gp in concentration- and time-dependent manners. A short-term (4 h) exposure reduced P-gp function and expression accompanied with significantly increased levels of iROS and iRNS. In contrast, a long-term (24 h) exposure stimulated the P-gp function and expression. The stimulatory effects of 2 mmol/L SNP was less profound as compared to those caused by 0.1 mmol/L SNP. The other NO donors SIN-1 and SNAP showed similar effects. Neither the NO scavenger PTIO (2 mmol/L) nor soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (50 μmol/L) reversed the SNP-induced alteration of P-gp function. On the other hand, free radical scavengers ascorbate, glutathione and uric acid (2 mmol/L for each), PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (5 μmol/L), PI3K/Akt inhibitor wortmannin (1 μmol/L) and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L) reversed the upregulation of P-gp function by the long-term exposure to SNP, but these agents had no effect on the impaired P-gp function following the short-term exposure to SNP. CONCLUSION NO donors time-dependently regulate P-gp function and expression in Caco-2 cells: short-term exposure impairs P-gp function and expression, whereas long-term exposure stimulates P-gp function and expression. The regulation occurs via a NO-independent mechanism.
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Qian J, Fulton DJR. Exogenous, but not Endogenous Nitric Oxide Inhibits Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2012; 3:3. [PMID: 22279436 PMCID: PMC3260459 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has many beneficial actions on the vascular wall including suppression of inflammation. The mechanism(s) by which NO antagonizes cytokine signaling are poorly understood, but are thought to involve inhibition of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor, NF-κB. NO represses nuclear translocation of NF-κB via the S-nitrosylation of its subunits which decreases the expression of target genes including adhesion molecules. In previous studies, we have shown that the intracellular location of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) can influence the amount of NO produced and that NO levels are paramount in regulating the S-nitrosylation of target proteins. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the significance of subcellular eNOS to NF-κB signaling induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). We found that in HAECs stimulated with TNFα, L-NAME did not influence the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion molecular 1 (VCAM-1). In eNOS "knock down" HAECs reconstituted with either plasma membrane or Golgi restricted forms of eNOS, there was no significant effect on the activation of the NF-κB pathway over different times and concentrations of TNFα. Similarly, the endogenous production of NO did not influence the phosphorylation of IκBα. In contrast, higher concentrations of NO derived from the use of the exogenous NO donor, DETA NONOate, effectively suppressed the expression of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 in response to TNFα and induced greater S-nitrosylation of IKKβ and p65. Collectively these results suggest that neither endogenous eNOS nor eNOS location is an important influence on inflammatory signaling via the NF-κB pathway and that higher NO concentrations are required to suppress NF-κB in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qian
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University Augusta, GA, USA
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24
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Gan N, Hondou T, Miyata H. Spontaneous Increases in the Fluorescence of 4,5-Diaminofluorescein and Its Analogs: Their Impact on the Fluorometry of Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1454-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b11-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Gan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Tsuyoshi Hondou
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Hidetake Miyata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
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25
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Rudkouskaya A, Sim V, Shah AA, Feustel PJ, Jourd’heuil D, Mongin AA. Long-lasting inhibition of presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmitter release by protein S-nitrosylation. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:757-69. [PMID: 20633346 PMCID: PMC2923826 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a major role in the pathophysiology of stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases. One of the poorly understood consequences of stroke is a long-lasting inhibition of synaptic transmission. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that RNS can produce long-term inhibition of neurotransmitter release via S-nitrosylation of proteins in presynaptic nerve endings. We examined the effects of exogenous sources of RNS on the vesicular and nonvesicular L-[(3)H]glutamate release from rat brain synaptosomes. NO/RNS donors, such as spermine NONOate, MAHMA NONOate, S-nitroso-L-cysteine, and SIN-1, inhibited only the vesicular component of glutamate release with an order of potency that closely matched levels of protein S-nitrosylation. Inhibition of glutamate release persisted for >1h after RNS donor decomposition and washout and strongly correlated with decreases in the intrasynaptosomal ATP levels. Post-NO treatment of synaptosomes with thiol-reducing reagents decreased the total content of S-nitrosylated proteins but had little effect on glutamate release and ATP levels. In contrast, post-NO application of the end-product of glycolysis, pyruvate, partially rescued neurotransmitter release and ATP production. These data suggest that RNS suppress presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmitter release via poorly reversible modifications of glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes, one of which was identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. A similar mechanism may contribute to the long-term suppression of neuronal communication during nitrosative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Rudkouskaya
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Vasiliy Sim
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Aabha A. Shah
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Paul J. Feustel
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Jourd’heuil
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Alexander A. Mongin
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. A.A. Mongin, Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave. (MC-136), Albany, NY 12208, USA. Fax (518) 262-5799;
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Andrews AM, Jaron D, Buerk DG, Kirby PL, Barbee KA. Direct, real-time measurement of shear stress-induced nitric oxide produced from endothelial cells in vitro. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:335-42. [PMID: 20719252 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelium is involved in the regulation of vascular tone. Decreased NO production or availability has been linked to endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Shear stress-induced NO release is a well-established phenomenon, yet the cellular mechanisms of this response are not completely understood. Experimental limitations have hindered direct, real-time measurements of NO under flow conditions. We have overcome these challenges with a new design for a parallel-plate flow chamber. The chamber consists of two compartments, separated by a Transwell® membrane, which isolates a NO recording electrode located in the upper compartment from flow effects. Endothelial cells are grown on the bottom of the membrane, which is inserted into the chamber flush with the upper plate. We demonstrate for the first time direct real-time NO measurements from endothelial cells with controlled variations in shear stress. Step changes in shear stress from 0.1 dyn/cm(2) to 6, 10, or 20 dyn/cm(2) elicited a transient decrease in NO followed by an increase to a new steady state. An analysis of NO transport suggests that the initial decrease is due to the increased removal rate by convection as flow increases. Furthermore, the rate at which the NO concentration approaches the new steady state is related to the time-dependent cellular response rather than transport limitations of the measurement configuration. Our design offers a method for studying the kinetics of the signaling mechanisms linking NO production with shear stress as well as pathological conditions involving changes in NO production or availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Andrews
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lu TT, Chen CH, Liaw WF. Formation of the Distinct Redox-Interrelated Forms of Nitric Oxide from Reaction of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes (DNICs) and Substitution Ligands. Chemistry 2010; 16:8088-95. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Gupta KJ, Kaiser WM. Production and scavenging of nitric oxide by barley root mitochondria. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:576-84. [PMID: 20185408 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether root mitochondria and mitochondrial membranes produce nitric oxide (NO) exclusively by reduction of nitrite or also via a nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and to what extent direct NO measurements could become undetectable due to NO oxidation. Chemiluminescence detection of NO in the gas phase was used to monitor NO emission from suspensions (i.e. direct chemiluminescence). For comparison, diaminofluorescein (DAF) and diaminorhodamine (DAR) were used as NO indicators. NO oxidation to nitrite and nitrate was quantified after reduction of nitrite + nitrate to NO by vandium (III) with subsequent chemiluminescence detection (i.e. indirect chemiluminescence). Nitrite and NADH consumption were also measured. Anaerobic nitrite-dependent NO emission was exclusively associated with the membrane fraction, without participation of matrix components. Rates of nitrite and NADH consumption matched, whereas the rate of NO emission was lower. In air, mitochondria apparently produced no nitrite-dependent NO, and no NOS activity was detected by direct or indirect chemiluminescence. In contrast, with DAF-2 or DAR-4M, an l-arginine-dependent fluorescence increase took place. However, the response of this apparent low NOS activity to inhibitors, substrates and cofactors was untypical when compared with commercial inducible NOS (iNOS), and the existence of NOS in root mitochondria is therefore doubtful. In a solution of commercial iNOS, about two-thirds of the NO (measured as NADPH consumption) were oxidized to nitrite + nitrate. Addition of mitochondria to iNOS decreased the apparent NO emission, but without a concomitant increase in nitrite + nitrate formation. Thus, mitochondria appeared to accelerate oxidation of NO to volatile intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapuganti J Gupta
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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Hu TM, Chen YJ. Nitrosation-modulating effect of ascorbate in a model dynamic system of coexisting nitric oxide and superoxide. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:552-62. [DOI: 10.3109/10715761003667570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jones LE, Ying L, Hofseth AB, Jelezcova E, Sobol RW, Ambs S, Harris CC, Espey MG, Hofseth LJ, Wyatt MD. Differential effects of reactive nitrogen species on DNA base excision repair initiated by the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase. Carcinogenesis 2010; 30:2123-9. [PMID: 19864471 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can cause DNA damage and may also directly modify DNA repair proteins. RNS-modified DNA is repaired predominantly by the base excision repair (BER) pathway, which includes the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG). The AAG active site contains several tyrosines and cysteines that are potential sites for modification by RNS. In vitro, we demonstrate that RNS differentially alter AAG activity depending on the site and type of modification. Nitration of tyrosine 162 impaired 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilonA)-excision activity, whereas nitrosation of cysteine 167 increased epsilonA excision. To understand the effects of RNS on BER in vivo, we examined intestinal adenomas for levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and AAG. A striking correlation between AAG and iNOS expression was observed (r = 0.76, P = 0.00002). Interestingly, there was no correlation between changes in AAG levels and enzymatic activity. We found AAG to be nitrated in human adenomas, suggesting that this RNS modification is relevant in the human disease. Expression of key downstream components of BER, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and DNA polymerase beta (POLbeta), was also examined. POLbeta protein was increased in nearly all adenomas compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, whereas APE1 expression was only increased in approximately half of the adenomas and also was relocalized to the cytoplasm in adenomas. Collectively, the results suggest that BER is dysregulated in colon adenomas. RNS-induced posttranslational modification of AAG is one mechanism of BER dysregulation, and the type of modification may define the role of AAG during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Diesen DL, Kuo PC. Nitric oxide and redox regulation in the liver: Part I. General considerations and redox biology in hepatitis. J Surg Res 2009; 162:95-109. [PMID: 20444470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are created in normal hepatocytes and are critical for normal physiologic processes, including oxidative respiration, growth, regeneration, apoptosis, and microsomal defense. When the levels of oxidation products exceed the capacity of normal antioxidant systems, oxidative stress occurs. This type of stress, in the form of ROS and RNS, can be damaging to all liver cells, including hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, and endothelial cells, through induction of inflammation, ischemia, fibrosis, necrosis, apoptosis, or through malignant transformation by damaging lipids, proteins, and/or DNA. In Part I of this review, we will discuss basic redox biology in the liver, including a review of ROS, RNS, and antioxidants, with a focus on nitric oxide as a common source of RNS. We will then review the evidence for oxidative stress as a mechanism of liver injury in hepatitis (alcoholic, viral, nonalcoholic). In Part II of this review, we will review oxidative stress in common pathophysiologic conditions, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, iron overload, Wilson's disease, sepsis, and acetaminophen overdose. Finally, biomarkers, proteomic, and antioxidant therapies will be discussed as areas for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Diesen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Abstract
S-Nitrosylation, the redox-based modification of Cys thiol side chains by nitric oxide, is a common mechanism in signal transduction. Dysregulated S-nitrosylation contributes to a range of human pathologies. New roles for protein denitrosylation in regulating S-nitrosylation are being revealed. Recently, several denitrosylases - the enzymes that mediate Cys denitrosylation - have been discovered, of which two enzyme systems in particular, the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and thioredoxin systems, have been shown to be physiologically relevant. These highly conserved enzymes regulate signalling through multiple classes of receptors and influence diverse cellular responses. In addition, they protect from nitrosative stress in microorganisms, mammals and plants, thereby exerting profound effects on host-microbe interactions and innate immunity.
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Endogenous nitric oxide is a key promoting factor for initiation of seizure-like events in hippocampal and entorhinal cortex slices. J Neurosci 2009; 29:8565-77. [PMID: 19571147 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5698-08.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) modulates synaptic transmission, and its level is elevated during epileptic activity in animal models of epilepsy. However, the role of NO for development and maintenance of epileptic activity is controversial. We studied this aspect in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and acute hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices from wild-type and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) knock-out mice combining electrophysiological and fluorescence imaging techniques. Slice cultures contained nNOS-positive neurons and an elaborated network of nNOS-positive fibers. Lowering of extracellular Mg(2+) concentration led to development of epileptiform activity and increased NO formation as revealed by NO-selective probes, 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein and 1,2-diaminoanthraquinone sulfate. NO deprivation by NOS inhibitors and NO scavengers caused depression of both EPSCs and IPSCs and prevented initiation of seizure-like events (SLEs) in 75% of slice cultures and 100% of hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices. This effect was independent of the guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway. Suppression of SLE initiation in acute slices from mice was achieved by both the broad-spectrum NOS inhibitor N-methyl-L-arginine acetate and the nNOS-selective inhibitor 7-nitroindazole, whereas inhibition of inducible NOS by aminoguanidine was ineffective, suggesting that nNOS activity was crucial for SLE initiation. Additional evidence was obtained from knock-out animals because SLEs developed in a significantly lower percentage of slices from nNOS(-/-) mice and showed different characteristics, such as prolongation of onset latency and higher variability of SLE intervals. We conclude that enhancement of synaptic transmission by NO under epileptic conditions represents a positive feedback mechanism for the initiation of seizure-like events.
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Peyrot F, Houée-Levin C, Ducrocq C. Melatonin nitrosation promoted by radical; comparison with the peroxynitrite reaction. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:910-20. [PMID: 17015270 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600693414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
N-nitroso species have recently been detected in animal tissues. Protein N-nitrosotryptophan is the best candidate for this N-nitroso pool. N-nitrosation of N-blocked trytophan derivatives like melatonin (MelH) by N2O3 or peroxynitrite (ONOOH/ONOO- ) has been observed under conditions of pH and reagent concentrations similar to in vivo conditions. We studied the reaction of NO*2 with MelH. When NO*2 was synthesized by gamma-irradiation of aqueous neutral solutions of nitrate under anaerobic conditions, detected oxidation and nitration of MelH were negligible. In the presence of additional nitrite, when NO* was also generated, formation of 1-nitrosomelatonin increased with nitrite concentration. Nitrosation is not due to N2O3 but could proceed via successive additions of NO*2 and NO*. For comparison, peroxynitrite was infused into a solution of MelH under air leading to the same products as those detected in irradiated solutions but in different proportions. In the presence of additional nitrite, the formation of nitroderivatives increased significantly while N-formylkynuramine and 1-nitrosomelatonin were maintained at similar levels. Mechanistic implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Peyrot
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Dinitrosyliron complexes and the mechanism(s) of cellular protein nitrosothiol formation from nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:4671-6. [PMID: 19261856 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710416106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrosothiols (RSNO), formed from thiols and metabolites of nitric oxide (*NO), have been implicated in a diverse set of physiological and pathophysiological processes, although the exact mechanisms by which they are formed biologically are unknown. Several candidate nitrosative pathways involve the reaction of *NO with O(2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transition metals. We developed a strategy using extracellular ferrocyanide to determine that under our conditions intracellular protein RSNO formation occurs from reaction of *NO inside the cell, as opposed to cellular entry of nitrosative reactants from the extracellular compartment. Using this method we found that in RAW 264.7 cells RSNO formation occurs only at very low (<8 microM) O(2) concentrations and exhibits zero-order dependence on *NO concentration. Indeed, RSNO formation is not inhibited even at O(2) levels <1 microM. Additionally, chelation of intracellular chelatable iron pool (CIP) reduces RSNO formation by >50%. One possible metal-dependent, O(2)-independent nitrosative pathway is the reaction of thiols with dinitrosyliron complexes (DNIC), which are formed in cells from the reaction of *NO with the CIP. Under our conditions, DNIC formation, like RSNO formation, is inhibited by approximately 50% after chelation of labile iron. Both DNIC and RSNO are also increased during overproduction of ROS by the redox cycler 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that cellular RSNO are formed from free *NO via transnitrosation from DNIC derived from the CIP. We have examined in detail the kinetics and mechanism of RSNO formation inside cells.
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Elia E, Vighi S, Lombardi E, Motta AB. Detrimental effects of hyperandrogenism on uterine functions. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1827-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Donzelli S, Espey MG, Flores-Santana W, Switzer CH, Yeh GC, Huang J, Stuehr DJ, King SB, Miranda KM, Wink DA. Generation of nitroxyl by heme protein-mediated peroxidation of hydroxylamine but not N-hydroxy-L-arginine. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:578-84. [PMID: 18503778 PMCID: PMC2562766 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reactivity, toxicology, and pharmacological responses to nitroxyl (HNO) are often distinctly different from those of nitric oxide (NO). The discovery that HNO donors may have pharmacological utility for treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as heart failure and ischemia reperfusion has led to increased speculation of potential endogenous pathways for HNO biosynthesis. Here, the ability of heme proteins to utilize H2O2 to oxidize hydroxylamine (NH2OH) or N-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) to HNO was examined. Formation of HNO was evaluated with a recently developed selective assay in which the reaction products in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified by HPLC. Release of HNO from the heme pocket was indicated by formation of sulfinamide (GS(O)NH2), while the yields of nitrite and nitrate signified the degree of intramolecular recombination of HNO with the heme. Formation of GS(O)NH2 was observed upon oxidation of NH2OH, whereas NOHA, the primary intermediate in oxidation of L-arginine by NO synthase, was apparently resistant to oxidation by the heme proteins utilized. In the presence of NH2OH, the highest yields of GS(O)NH2 were observed with proteins in which the heme was coordinated to a histidine (horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase, myoglobin, and hemoglobin) in contrast to a tyrosine (catalase) or cysteine (cytochrome P450). That peroxidation of NH2OH by horseradish peroxidase produced free HNO, which was able to affect intracellular targets, was verified by conversion of 4,5-diaminofluorescein to the corresponding fluorophore within intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Donzelli
- Tumor Biology Section, Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Hemoglobin and myoglobin are among the most extensively studied proteins, and nitrite is one of the most studied small molecules. Recently, multiple physiologic studies have surprisingly revealed that nitrite represents a biologic reservoir of NO that can regulate hypoxic vasodilation, cellular respiration, and signaling. These studies suggest a vital role for deoxyhemoglobin- and deoxymyoglobin-dependent nitrite reduction. Biophysical and chemical analysis of the nitrite-deoxyhemoglobin reaction has revealed unexpected chemistries between nitrite and deoxyhemoglobin that may contribute to and facilitate hypoxic NO generation and signaling. The first is that hemoglobin is an allosterically regulated nitrite reductase, such that oxygen binding increases the rate of nitrite conversion to NO, a process termed R-state catalysis. The second chemical property is oxidative denitrosylation, a process by which the NO formed in the deoxyhemoglobin-nitrite reaction that binds to other deoxyhemes can be released due to heme oxidation, releasing free NO. Third, the reaction undergoes a nitrite reductase/anhydrase redox cycle that catalyzes the anaerobic conversion of 2 molecules of nitrite into dinitrogen trioxide (N(2)O(3)), an uncharged molecule that may be exported from the erythrocyte. We will review these reactions in the biologic framework of hypoxic signaling in blood and the heart.
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Thomas DD, Ridnour LA, Isenberg JS, Flores-Santana W, Switzer CH, Donzellie S, Hussain P, Vecoli C, Paolocci N, Ambs S, Colton C, Harris C, Roberts DD, Wink DA. The chemical biology of nitric oxide: implications in cellular signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:18-31. [PMID: 18439435 PMCID: PMC2572721 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has earned the reputation of being a signaling mediator with many diverse and often opposing biological activities. The diversity in response to this simple diatomic molecule comes from the enormous variety of chemical reactions and biological properties associated with it. In the past few years, the importance of steady-state NO concentrations has emerged as a key determinant of its biological function. Precise cellular responses are differentially regulated by specific NO concentration. We propose five basic distinct concentration levels of NO activity: cGMP-mediated processes ([NO]<1-30 nM), Akt phosphorylation ([NO] = 30-100 nM), stabilization of HIF-1alpha ([NO] = 100-300 nM), phosphorylation of p53 ([NO]>400 nM), and nitrosative stress (1 microM). In general, lower NO concentrations promote cell survival and proliferation, whereas higher levels favor cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence. Free radical interactions will also influence NO signaling. One of the consequences of reactive oxygen species generation is to reduce NO concentrations. This antagonizes the signaling of nitric oxide and in some cases results in converting a cell-cycle arrest profile to a cell survival profile. The resulting reactive nitrogen species that are generated from these reactions can also have biological effects and increase oxidative and nitrosative stress responses. A number of factors determine the formation of NO and its concentration, such as diffusion, consumption, and substrate availability, which are referred to as kinetic determinants for molecular target interactions. These are the chemical and biochemical parameters that shape cellular responses to NO. Herein we discuss signal transduction and the chemical biology of NO in terms of the direct and indirect reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D. Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy.School of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinios
| | - Lisa A. Ridnour
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wilmarie Flores-Santana
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher H. Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sonia Donzellie
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Perwez Hussain
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 2128
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 2128
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Carol Colton
- Division of Neurology Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Curtis Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David A. Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Matsumoto S, Espey MG, Utsumi H, Devasahayam N, Matsumoto KI, Matsumoto A, Hirata H, Wink DA, Kuppusamy P, Subramanian S, Mitchell JB, Krishna MC. Dynamic monitoring of localized tumor oxygenation changes using RF pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance in conscious mice. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:619-25. [PMID: 18224698 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenation status is a key determinant in both tumor growth and responses to therapeutic interventions. The oxygen partial pressure (pO2) was assessed using a novel pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at 750 MHz. Crystals of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) implanted into either squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumor or femoral muscle on opposing legs of mice were tested by pulsed EPR. The results showed pO2 of SCC tumor was 2.7 +/- 0.4 mmHg, while in the femoral muscle it was 6.1 +/- 0.9 mmHg. A major advantage of pulsed EPR oximetry over conventional continuous-wave (CW) EPR oximetry is the lack of influence from subject motion, while avoiding artifacts associated with modulation or power saturation. Resonators in pulsed EPR are overcoupled to minimize recovery time. This makes changes in coupling associated with object motion minimal without influencing spectral quality. Consequently, pulsed EPR oximetry enables approximately a temporal resolution of approximately one second in pO2 monitoring in conscious subjects, avoiding significant influence of anesthetics on the physiology being studied. The pO2 in SCC tumor and muscle was found to be higher without anesthesia (3.9 +/- 0.5 mmHg for tumor, 8.8 +/- 1.2 mmHg for muscle). These results support the advantage of pulsed EPR in examining pO2 in conscious animals with LiPc chronically implanted in predetermined regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Matsumoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1002, USA
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Miersch S, Espey MG, Chaube R, Akarca A, Tweten R, Ananvoranich S, Mutus B. Plasma membrane cholesterol content affects nitric oxide diffusion dynamics and signaling. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:18513-21. [PMID: 18445594 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800440200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) signaling is inextricably linked to both its physical and chemical properties. Due to its preferentially hydrophobic solubility, NO molecules tend to partition from the aqueous milieu into biological membranes. We hypothesized that plasma membrane ordering provided by cholesterol further couples the physics of NO diffusion with cellular signaling. Fluorescence lifetime quenching studies with pyrene liposome preparations showed that the presence of cholesterol decreased apparent diffusion coefficients of NO approximately 20-40%, depending on the phospholipid composition. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the diffusion rate of NO across artificial bilayer membranes were inversely related to cholesterol content. Sterol transport-defective Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) fibroblasts exhibited increased plasma membrane cholesterol content but decreased activation of both intracellular soluble guanylyl cyclase and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation at Ser(239) induced by exogenous NO exposure relative to their normal human fibroblast (NHF) counterparts. Augmentation of plasma membrane cholesterol in NHF diminished production of both cGMP and VASP phosphorylation elicited by NO to NPC1-comparable levels. Conversely, decreasing membrane cholesterol in NPC1 resulted in the augmentation in both cGMP and VASP phosphorylation to a level similar to those observed in NHF. Increasing plasma membrane cholesterol contents in NHF, platelets, erythrocytes and tumor cells also resulted in an increased level of extracellular diaminofluorescein nitrosation following NO exposure. These findings suggest that the impact of cholesterol on membrane fluidity and microdomain structure contributes to the spatial heterogeneity of NO diffusion and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Miersch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Vitecek J, Reinohl V, Jones RL. Measuring NO production by plant tissues and suspension cultured cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2008; 1:270-84. [PMID: 19825539 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssm020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe an inexpensive and reliable detector for measuring NO emitted in the gas phase from plants. The method relies on the use of a strong oxidizer to convert NO to NO2 and subsequent capture of NO2 by a Griess reagent trap. The set-up approaches the sensitivity for NO comparable to that of instruments based on chemiluminescence and photoacoustic detectors. We demonstrate the utility of our set-up by measuring NO produced by a variety of well established plant sources. NO produced by nitrate reductase (NR) in tobacco leaves and barley aleurone was readily detected, as was the production of NO from nitrite by the incubation medium of barley aleurone. Arabidopsis mutants that overproduce NO or lack NO-synthase (AtNOS1) also displayed the expected NO synthesis phenotype when assayed by our set-up. We could also measure NO production from elicitor-treated suspension cultured cells using this set-up. Further, we have focused on the detection of NO by a widely used fluorescent probe 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM). Our work points to the pitfalls that must be avoided when using DAF-FM to detect the production of NO by plant tissues. In addition to the dramatic effects that pH can have on fluorescence from DAF-FM, the widely used NO scavengers 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) can produce anomalous and unexpected results. Perhaps the most serious drawback of DAF-FM is its ability to bind to dead cells and remain NO-sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vitecek
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
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Sandalio LM, Rodríguez‐Serrano M, Romero‐Puertas MC, del Río LA. Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide In Vivo in Plant Tissues. Methods Enzymol 2008; 440:397-409. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(07)00825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ghafourifar P, Parihar MS, Nazarewicz R, Zenebe WJ, Parihar A. Detection assays for determination of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase activity; advantages and limitations. Methods Enzymol 2008; 440:317-34. [PMID: 18423228 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(07)00821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive radical synthesized by members of the NO synthase (NOS) family, including mitochondrial-specific NOS (mtNOS). Some of the assays used for the determination of cytoplasmic NOS activity have been utilized to detect mtNOS activity. However, it seems that many of those assays need to be adjusted and optimized to detect NO in the unique environment of mitochondria. Additionally, most mtNOS detection assays are designed and optimized for isolated mitochondria and may exert inherent pitfalls and limitations once used in living cells. This chapter describes several assays used commonly for mtNOS detection in isolated mitochondria and in mitochondria of live cells. Those include colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods, Griess reaction, radioassay, and polarographic and chemiluminescence assays. It also describes fluorescent-based assays for the detection of mitochondrial NO in live cells. Advantages and limitations of each assay are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Ghafourifar
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Catalytic generation of N2O3 by the concerted nitrite reductase and anhydrase activity of hemoglobin. Nat Chem Biol 2007; 3:785-94. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2007.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bryan NS, Grisham MB. Methods to detect nitric oxide and its metabolites in biological samples. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:645-57. [PMID: 17664129 PMCID: PMC2041919 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) methodology is a complex and often confusing science and the focus of many debates and discussion concerning NO biochemistry. NO is involved in many physiological processes including regulation of blood pressure, immune response, and neural communication. Therefore its accurate detection and quantification are critical to understanding health and disease. Due to the extremely short physiological half-life of this gaseous free radical, alternative strategies for the detection of reaction products of NO biochemistry have been developed. The quantification of NO metabolites in biological samples provides valuable information with regard to in vivo NO production, bioavailability, and metabolism. Simply sampling a single compartment such as blood or plasma may not always provide an accurate assessment of whole body NO status, particularly in tissues. Therefore, extrapolation of plasma or blood NO status to specific tissues of interest is no longer a valid approach. As a result, methods continue to be developed and validated which allow the detection and quantification of NO and NO-related products/metabolites in multiple compartments of experimental animals in vivo. The methods described in this review is not an exhaustive or comprehensive discussion of all methods available for the detection of NO but rather a description of the most commonly used and practical methods which allow accurate and sensitive quantification of NO products/metabolites in multiple biological matrices under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S. Bryan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas-Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
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Huang KJ, Zhang M, Xie WZ, Zhang HS, Feng YQ, Wang H. Sensitive determination of ultra-trace nitric oxide in blood using derivatization-polymer monolith microextraction coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 591:116-22. [PMID: 17456432 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a very important role in human blood system. In this work, a novel approach has been developed for the quantitation of ultra-trace NO derivatized with 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(3',4'-diaminophenyl)-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene (DAMBO) using a polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) with a poly(methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-EGDMA) monolith in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both derivatization and PMME conditions have been optimized in detail. The detection limit of derivatized NO was 2x10(-12) mol L(-1) (signal to noise=3) and linear range was 9x10(-11)-4.5x10(-8) mol L(-1). The proposed DAMBO-based derivatization-PMME-HPLC-fluorescence detection method has been successfully applied for the determination of NO in 10 microL blood samples of healthy persons and patients suffering from ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases with recoveries varying from 87.40 to 91.60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Huang KJ, Wang H, Ma M, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Real-time imaging of nitric oxide production in living cells with 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-dicarbethoxy-8-(3′,4′-diaminophenyl)-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacence by invert fluorescence microscope. Nitric Oxide 2007; 16:36-43. [PMID: 16843017 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the importance of nitric oxide (NO) as a signalling molecule in many biological processes is becoming increasingly evident, many proposed and potential biological functions of NO still remain unclear. Bioimaging is a good technique to visualize observation of nitric oxide in biological samples. In this report, a fluorescent probe, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-dicarbethoxy-8-(3',4'-diaminophenyl)-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacence (TMDCDABODIPY), has been first applied to real-time image NO produced in PC12 cells, Sf9 cells and human vascular endothelial cells at the presence of l-arginine with inverted fluorescence microscope. NO production in the cells is successfully captured and imaged with fine temporal and spatial resolution. The results prove that the probe combined with inverted fluorescence microscope can be developed into a sensitive and selective method for further study of NO release from cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Abstract
NO(*) alone is a poorly reactive species; however, it is able to undergo secondary reactions to form highly oxidizing and nitrating species, NO(2)(*), N(2)O(3), and ONOO(-). These secondary reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are capable of modifying a diversity of biomolecular structures in the cell. The chemical properties of individual RNS will be discussed, along with their ability to react with amino acids, metal cofactors, lipids, cholesterol, and DNA bases and sugars. Many of the identified RNS-induced modifications have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. Several of these chemical modifications have been attributed with a functional role in the cell, such as the modulation of enzyme activity. Other areas in the field will be discussed, including the ability of RNS to react with metabolites, RNA, and substrates in the mitochondrion, and the cellular removal/repair of RNS-modified structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Reiter
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Ckless K, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger Y. Oxidative-nitrosative stress and post-translational protein modifications: implications to lung structure-function relations. Arginase modulates NF-kappaB activity via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 36:645-53. [PMID: 17218616 PMCID: PMC1899343 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2006-0329sm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB is a versatile transcription factor that regulates a wide array of processes, including inflammation and survival, and plays a critical role in the etiology of inflammatory lung diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to play an antiinflammatory role through S-nitrosation of components of NF-kappaB pathway. NO production can be modulated by changing the availability of its substrate, L-arginine. Arginases compete with NO synthases (NOSs) for their common substrate, L-arginine, and thereby have the potential to alter the signaling function of NO. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of arginase manipulation on NO, and subsequent effects on NF-kappaB activation, in lung epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate that reduction of arginase activity enhanced cellular content of NO and S-nitrosated proteins, and resulted in decreases in TNF-alpha- or LPS-stimulated NF-kappaB DNA binding and transcriptional activity, in association with enhanced S-nitrosation of p50. The effects of arginase inhibition on NF-kappaB were reversed by the generic NOS inhibitor, N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), suggesting a causal role for NO in the attenuation of NF-kappaB induced by arginase suppression. Conversely, overexpression of arginase I decreased cellular S-nitrosothiol content and enhanced IkappaB kinase activity and NF-kappaB DNA binding, and decreased S-nitrosation of p50. Collectively, our data point to a regulatory mechanism wherein NF-kappaB is controlled through arginase-dependent regulation of NO levels, which may impact on chronic inflammatory diseases that are accompanied by NF-kappaB activation and upregulation of arginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ckless
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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