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Du J, Wang Z. Regulation of RIPK1 Phosphorylation: Implications for Inflammation, Cell Death, and Therapeutic Interventions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1525. [PMID: 39062098 PMCID: PMC11275223 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) plays a crucial role in controlling inflammation and cell death. Its function is tightly controlled through post-translational modifications, enabling its dynamic switch between promoting cell survival and triggering cell death. Phosphorylation of RIPK1 at various sites serves as a critical mechanism for regulating its activity, exerting either activating or inhibitory effects. Perturbations in RIPK1 phosphorylation status have profound implications for the development of severe inflammatory diseases in humans. This review explores the intricate regulation of RIPK1 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and highlights the potential of targeting RIPK1 phosphorylation as a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Du
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Heart Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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2
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Zhang H, Read A, Cataisson C, Yang HH, Lee WC, Turk BE, Yuspa SH, Luo J. Protein phosphatase 6 activates NF-κB to confer sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors in KRAS- and BRAF-mutant cancer cells. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadd5073. [PMID: 38743809 PMCID: PMC11238902 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major target for cancer treatment. To better understand the genetic pathways that modulate cancer cell sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors, we performed a CRISPR knockout screen with MAPK pathway inhibitors on a colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line carrying mutant KRAS. Genetic deletion of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), encoded by PPP6C, rendered KRAS- and BRAF-mutant CRC and BRAF-mutant melanoma cells more resistant to these inhibitors. In the absence of MAPK pathway inhibition, PPP6C deletion in CRC cells decreased cell proliferation in two-dimensional (2D) adherent cultures but accelerated the growth of tumor spheroids in 3D culture and tumor xenografts in vivo. PPP6C deletion enhanced the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling in CRC and melanoma cells and circumvented the cell cycle arrest and decreased cyclin D1 abundance induced by MAPK pathway blockade in CRC cells. Inhibiting NF-κB activity by genetic and pharmacological means restored the sensitivity of PPP6C-deficient cells to MAPK pathway inhibition in CRC and melanoma cells in vitro and in CRC cells in vivo. Furthermore, a R264 point mutation in PPP6C conferred loss of function in CRC cells, phenocopying the enhanced NF-κB activation and resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition observed for PPP6C deletion. These findings demonstrate that PP6 constrains the growth of KRAS- and BRAF-mutant cancer cells, implicates the PP6-NF-κB axis as a modulator of MAPK pathway output, and presents a rationale for cotargeting the NF-κB pathway in PPP6C-mutant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abigail Read
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Current affiliation: Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Howard H. Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei-Chun Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart H. Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Hwang SH, Jang HA, Kojour MAM, Yun K, Lee YS, Han YS, Jo YH. Effects of TmTak1 silencing on AMP production as an Imd pathway component in Tenebrio molitor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18914. [PMID: 37919359 PMCID: PMC10622451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mealworms beetles, Tenebrio molitor, are the limelight next-generation food for humans due to their high nutrient contents. Since Tenebrio molitor is used as feed for pets and livestock in addition to their ability to decompose polystyrene and plastic waste, it is recognized as an insect with an industrial core value. Therefore, it is important to study the immune mechanism related to the development and infection of mealworms for mass breeding purposes. The immune deficiency (Imd) signaling is one of the main pathways with pivotal roles in the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase (TAK1) is one of the Imd pathway components, forms a complex with TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) to ultimately help activate the transcription factor Relish and eventually induce host to produce AMPs. Relatively, little has been revealed about TAK1 in insect models, especially in the T. molitor. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the function of TmTak1 in T. molitor. Our results showed that the highest and lowest mRNA expression of TmTak1 were found in egg and young larvae respectively. The tissue-specific expression patterns were reported in the gut of T. molitor larvae and the fat bodies of adults. Systemic microbial challenge illustrated TmTak1 high expression following the fungal infection in all dissected tissues except for the whole body. However, silencing TmTak1 experiments showed that the survivability of T. molitor larvae affected significantly following Escherichia coli infection. Accordingly, AMP induction after TmTak1 knock down was mainly reported in the integument and the fat bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyeon Hwang
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Am Jang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunho Yun
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
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Zmarzły N, Januszyk S, Mieszczański P, Czarniecka J, Bednarska-Czerwińska A, Boroń D, Oplawski M, Grabarek BO. The influence of selected microRNAs on the expression profile of genes and proteins related to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling pathways in endometrioid endometrial cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:9679-9689. [PMID: 37233761 PMCID: PMC10423110 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor exerts many adverse biological effects, from cell proliferation to cell death. Accurate diagnosis and treatment are therefore difficult due to many factors influencing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling, including microRNAs (miRNAs), especially in tumors. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of miRNAs on the expression profile of genes and proteins related to TNF-α signaling in endometrial cancer. METHODS The material consisted of 45 endometrioid endometrial cancer and 45 normal endometrium tissue samples. Gene expression was determined with microarrays and then validated for TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2), caveolin 1 (CAV1), nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), and TGF-beta activated kinase 1 (MAP3K7)-binding protein 2 (TAB2) using real-time quantitative reverse transcription reaction (RT-qPCR). The protein concentration was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, differentiating miRNAs were identified using miRNA microarrays and their relationships with TNF-α signaling genes were evaluated using the mirDIP tool. RESULTS TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, CAV1, NFKB1, and TAB2 were upregulated both on the mRNA and protein levels. The decrease in the activity of miR-1207-5p, miR-1910-3p, and miR-940 may be related to CAV1 overexpression. Similarly for miR-572 and NFKB1 as well as miR-939-5p and TNF-α. In turn, miR-3178 may partially inhibit TNFR1 activity up to grade 2 cancer. CONCLUSION TNF-α signaling, especially the TNF-α/NF-κB axis, is disrupted in endometrial cancer and worsens with disease progression. The observed changes may be the result of miRNAs' activity in the initial stage of endometrial cancer and its gradual loss in later grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Zmarzły
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
| | | | - Paweł Mieszczański
- Hospital of Ministry of Interior and Administration, 40-052, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czarniecka
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Bednarska-Czerwińska
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, 40-851, Katowice, Poland
- American Medical Clinic, 40-600, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, 40-662, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Oplawski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University in Cracow, 30-705, Cracow, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, 40-851, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, 40-662, Katowice, Poland
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5
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Mariano NC, Rusin SF, Nasa I, Kettenbach AN. Inducible Protein Degradation as a Strategy to Identify Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 6 Substrates in RAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100614. [PMID: 37392812 PMCID: PMC10400926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an essential regulatory mechanism that controls most cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, cell division, and response to extracellular stimuli, among many others, and is deregulated in many diseases. Protein phosphorylation is coordinated by the opposing activities of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. In eukaryotic cells, most serine/threonine phosphorylation sites are dephosphorylated by members of the Phosphoprotein Phosphatase (PPP) family. However, we only know for a few phosphorylation sites which specific PPP dephosphorylates them. Although natural compounds such as calyculin A and okadaic acid inhibit PPPs at low nanomolar concentrations, no selective chemical PPP inhibitors exist. Here, we demonstrate the utility of endogenous tagging of genomic loci with an auxin-inducible degron (AID) as a strategy to investigate specific PPP signaling. Using Protein Phosphatase 6 (PP6) as an example, we demonstrate how rapidly inducible protein degradation can be employed to identify dephosphorylation sites and elucidate PP6 biology. Using genome editing, we introduce AID-tags into each allele of the PP6 catalytic subunit (PP6c) in DLD-1 cells expressing the auxin receptor Tir1. Upon rapid auxin-induced degradation of PP6c, we perform quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics to identify PP6 substrates in mitosis. PP6 is an essential enzyme with conserved roles in mitosis and growth signaling. Consistently, we identify candidate PP6c-dependent dephosphorylation sites on proteins implicated in coordinating the mitotic cell cycle, cytoskeleton, gene expression, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Hippo signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that PP6c opposes the activation of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) by dephosphorylating Threonine 35 (T35) on Mps One Binder (MOB1), thereby blocking the interaction of MOB1 and LATS1. Our analyses highlight the utility of combining genome engineering, inducible degradation, and multiplexed phosphoproteomics to investigate signaling by individual PPPs on a global level, which is currently limited by the lack of tools for specific interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha C Mariano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Scott F Rusin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Isha Nasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
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6
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Mariano NC, Rusin SF, Nasa I, Kettenbach AN. Inducible protein degradation as a strategy to identify Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 6 substrates in RAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.534211. [PMID: 36993243 PMCID: PMC10055397 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.534211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an essential regulatory mechanism that controls most cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, cell division, and response to extracellular stimuli, among many others, and is deregulated in many diseases. Protein phosphorylation is coordinated by the opposing activities of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. In eukaryotic cells, most serine/threonine phosphorylation sites are dephosphorylated by members of the Phosphoprotein Phosphatase (PPP) family. However, we only know for a few phosphorylation sites which specific PPP dephosphorylates them. Although natural compounds such as calyculin A and okadaic acid inhibit PPPs at low nanomolar concentrations, no selective chemical PPP inhibitors exist. Here, we demonstrate the utility of endogenous tagging of genomic loci with an auxin-inducible degron (AID) as a strategy to investigate specific PPP signaling. Using Protein Phosphatase 6 (PP6) as an example, we demonstrate how rapidly inducible protein degradation can be employed to identify dephosphorylation SITES and elucidate PP6 biology. Using genome editing, we introduce AID-tags into each allele of the PP6 catalytic subunit (PP6c) in DLD-1 cells expressing the auxin receptor Tir1. Upon rapid auxin-induced degradation of PP6c, we perform quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics to identify PP6 substrates in mitosis. PP6 is an essential enzyme with conserved roles in mitosis and growth signaling. Consistently, we identify candidate PP6c-dependent phosphorylation sites on proteins implicated in coordinating the mitotic cell cycle, cytoskeleton, gene expression, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Hippo signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that PP6c opposes the activation of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) by dephosphorylating Threonine 35 (T35) on Mps One Binder (MOB1), thereby blocking the interaction of MOB1 and LATS1. Our analyses highlight the utility of combining genome engineering, inducible degradation, and multiplexed phosphoproteomics to investigate signaling by individual PPPs on a global level, which is currently limited by the lack of tools for specific interrogation.
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Sai K, Nakanishi A, Scofield KM, Tokarz DA, Linder KE, Cohen TJ, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. Aberrantly activated TAK1 links neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260102. [PMID: 36912451 PMCID: PMC10112982 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is causally associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Reactive glia cells secrete various neurotoxic factors that impair neuronal homeostasis eventually leading to neuronal loss. Although the glial activation mechanism in AD has been relatively well studied, how it perturbs intraneuronal signaling, which ultimately leads to neuronal cell death, remains poorly understood. Here, we report that compound stimulation with the neurotoxic factors TNF and glutamate aberrantly activates neuronal TAK1 (also known as MAP3K7), which promotes the pathogenesis of AD in mouse models. Glutamate-induced Ca2+ influx shifts TNF signaling to hyper-activate TAK1 enzymatic activity through Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which leads to necroptotic cellular damage. Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 ameliorated AD-associated neuronal loss and cognitive impairment in the AD model mice. Our findings provide a molecular mechanism linking cytokines, Ca2+ signaling and neuronal necroptosis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Sai
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, USA
| | - Aoi Nakanishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Scofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, USA
| | - Debra A. Tokarz
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Todd J. Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, USA
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Mechanisms of TNF-independent RIPK3-mediated cell death. Biochem J 2022; 479:2049-2062. [PMID: 36240069 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and necroptosis regulate many aspects of organismal biology and are involved in various human diseases. TNF is well known to induce both of these forms of cell death and the underlying mechanisms have been elaborately described. However, cells can also engage apoptosis and necroptosis through TNF-independent mechanisms, involving, for example, activation of the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and -4, or zDNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1). In this context, cell death signaling depends on the presence of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Whereas RIPK3 is required for TNF-induced necroptosis, it mediates both apoptosis and necroptosis upon TLR3/4 and ZBP1 engagement. Here, we review the intricate mechanisms by which TNF-independent cell death is regulated by RIPK3.
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9
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Tambat N, Mulani SK, Ahmad A, Shaikh SB, Ahmed K. Pyrazine Derivatives—Versatile Scaffold. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Deficiency of PPP6C protects TNF-induced necroptosis through activation of TAK1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:618. [PMID: 35842423 PMCID: PMC9288536 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Necroptotic cell death is mediated by a super-molecular complex called necrosome which consists of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). The role of these kinases has been extensively investigated in the regulation of necroptosis. However, whether the protein phosphatase is involved in necroptosis is still largely unknown. Here, we identified protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit (PPP6C) promotes TNF-induced necroptosis by genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening. We found that PPP6C deficiency protects cells from TNF-induced necroptosis in a phosphatase-activity-dependent manner. Mechanistically, PPP6C acts as a TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphatase to inactivate its kinase activity. Deletion of PPP6C leads to hyperactivation of TAK1 and reduced RIPK1 kinase activity upon TNF stimulation. We further showed that heterozygous deletion of Ppp6c in mouse gastrointestinal tract alleviates necroptosis-related tissue injury and inflammation. Thus, our study identifies PPP6C as an important regulator of necroptosis and highlights a central role of phosphatase in the regulation of necroptosis-related diseases.
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Yin H, Guo X, Chen Y, Zeng Y, Mo X, Hong S, He H, Li J, Steinmetz R, Liu Q. TAB2 deficiency induces dilated cardiomyopathy by promoting RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152297. [PMID: 34990405 PMCID: PMC8843707 DOI: 10.1172/jci152297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in TGF-β-activated kinase 1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy and/or congenital heart disease in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. Here, we identified an indispensable role for TAB2 in regulating myocardial homeostasis and remodeling by suppressing receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) activation and RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Tab2 in mice triggered dilated cardiomyopathy with massive apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. Moreover, Tab2-deficient mice were also predisposed to myocardial injury and adverse remodeling after pathological stress. In cardiomyocytes, deletion of TAB2 but not its close homolog TAB3 promoted TNF-α-induced apoptosis and necroptosis, which was rescued by forced activation of TAK1 or inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity. Mechanistically, TAB2 critically mediates RIPK1 phosphorylation at Ser321 via a TAK1-dependent mechanism, which prevents RIPK1 kinase activation and the formation of RIPK1-FADD-caspase-8 apoptotic complex or RIPK1-RIPK3 necroptotic complex. Strikingly, genetic inactivation of RIPK1 with Ripk1-K45A knockin effectively rescued cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in Tab2-deficient mice. Together, these data demonstrated that TAB2 is a key regulator of myocardial homeostasis and remodeling by suppressing RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis. Our results also suggest that targeting RIPK1-mediated cell death signaling may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for TAB2 deficiency-induced dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yachang Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Mo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siqi Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hui He
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Steinmetz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Guan S, Li L, Chen WS, Jiang WY, Ding Y, Zhao LL, Shi YF, Wang J, Gui Q, Xu CC, Cheng Y, Zhang W. Circular RNA WHSC1 exerts oncogenic properties by regulating miR-7/TAB2 in lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9784-9795. [PMID: 34551195 PMCID: PMC8505844 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA is a newly discovered member of non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) and regulates the target gene by acting as a micro‐RNA sponge. It plays vital roles in various diseases. However, the functions of circular RNA in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain still unclear. Our data showed that circ‐WHSC1 was highly expressed in NSCLC cells and tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that circ‐WHSC1 promoted NSCLC proliferation. circ‐WHSC1 also promoted the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Through bioinformatic analysis and functional experiments, we showed that circ‐WHSC1 could act as a sponge for micro‐RNA‐7 (miR‐7) and regulate the expression of TAB2 (TGF‐beta activated kinase one binding protein two). Inhibition of the circ‐WHSC1/miR‐7/TAB2 pathway could effectively attenuate lung cancer progression. In summary, this study confirmed the existence and oncogenic function of circ‐WHSC1 in NSCLC. The research suggests that the circ‐WHSC1/miR‐7/TAB2 axis might be a potential target for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Shu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Lan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Gui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Taetzsch T, Shapiro D, Eldosougi R, Myers T, Settlage RE, Valdez G. The microRNA miR-133b functions to slow Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathogenesis. J Physiol 2021; 599:171-192. [PMID: 32991751 PMCID: PMC8418193 DOI: 10.1113/jp280405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Impairment of muscle biogenesis contributes to the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). As a muscle enriched microRNA that has been implicated in muscle biogenesis, the role of miR-133b in DMD remains unknown. To assess miR-133b function in DMD-affected skeletal muscles, we genetically ablated miR-133b in the mdx mouse model of DMD. We show that deletion of miR-133b exacerbates the dystrophic phenotype of DMD-afflicted skeletal muscle by dysregulating muscle stem cells involved in muscle biogenesis, in addition to affecting signalling pathways related to inflammation and fibrosis. Our results provide evidence that miR-133b may underlie DMD pathology by affecting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells. ABSTRACT Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration. No treatments are currently available to prevent the disease. While the muscle enriched microRNA miR-133b has been implicated in muscle biogenesis, its role in DMD remains unknown. To assess miR-133b function in DMD-affected skeletal muscles, we genetically ablated miR-133b in the mdx mouse model of DMD. In the absence of miR-133b, the tibialis anterior muscle of P30 mdx mice is smaller in size and exhibits a thickened interstitial space containing more mononucleated cells. Additional analysis revealed that miR-133b deletion influences muscle fibre regeneration, satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, and induces widespread transcriptomic changes in mdx muscle. These include known miR-133b targets as well as genes involved in cell proliferation and fibrosis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that skeletal muscles utilize miR-133b to mitigate the deleterious effects of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Taetzsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dillon Shapiro
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Randa Eldosougi
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Tracey Myers
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | | | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, United States
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, United States
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14
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Zheng W, Xu Q, Zhang Y, E X, Gao W, Zhang M, Zhai W, Rajkumar RS, Liu Z. Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity against herpesviridae infection: a current perspective on viral infection signaling pathways. Virol J 2020; 17:192. [PMID: 33298111 PMCID: PMC7726878 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past decades, researchers have demonstrated the critical role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune system. They recognize viral components and trigger immune signal cascades to subsequently promote the activation of the immune system. Main body Herpesviridae family members trigger TLRs to elicit cytokines in the process of infection to activate antiviral innate immune responses in host cells. This review aims to clarify the role of TLRs in the innate immunity defense against herpesviridae, and systematically describes the processes of TLR actions and herpesviridae recognition as well as the signal transduction pathways involved. Conclusions Future studies of the interactions between TLRs and herpesviridae infections, especially the subsequent signaling pathways, will not only contribute to the planning of effective antiviral therapies but also provide new molecular targets for the development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaofei E
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Mogen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Weijie Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | | | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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15
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Aashaq S, Batool A, Andrabi KI. TAK1 mediates convergence of cellular signals for death and survival. Apoptosis 2020; 24:3-20. [PMID: 30288639 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β activated kinase 1, a MAPK kinase kinase family serine threonine kinase has been implicated in regulating diverse range of cellular processes that include embryonic development, differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis and cell survival. TAK1 along with its binding partners TAB1, TAB2 and TAB3 displays a complex pattern of regulation that includes serious crosstalk with major signaling pathways including the C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and I-kappa B kinase complex (IKK) involved in establishing cellular commitments for death and survival. This review also highlights how TAK1 orchestrates regulation of energy homeostasis via AMPK and its emerging role in influencing mTORC1 pathway to regulate death or survival in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabreena Aashaq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Asiya Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Khurshid I Andrabi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, India
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16
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Abdeldayem A, Raouf YS, Constantinescu SN, Moriggl R, Gunning PT. Advances in covalent kinase inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2617-2687. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review details recent advances, challenges and innovations in covalent kinase inhibition within a 10 year period (2007–2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yasir S. Raouf
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics
- University of Veterinary Medicine
- 1210 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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17
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Molnár T, Mázló A, Tslaf V, Szöllősi AG, Emri G, Koncz G. Current translational potential and underlying molecular mechanisms of necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:860. [PMID: 31719524 PMCID: PMC6851151 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell death has a fundamental impact on the evolution of degenerative disorders, autoimmune processes, inflammatory diseases, tumor formation and immune surveillance. Over the past couple of decades extensive studies have uncovered novel cell death pathways, which are independent of apoptosis. Among these is necroptosis, a tightly regulated, inflammatory form of cell death. Necroptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases and in this review, we will focus exclusively on necroptosis in humans. Necroptosis is considered a backup mechanism of apoptosis, but the in vivo appearance of necroptosis indicates that both caspase-mediated and caspase-independent mechanisms control necroptosis. Necroptosis is regulated on multiple levels, from the transcription, to the stability and posttranslational modifications of the necrosome components, to the availability of molecular interaction partners and the localization of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Accordingly, we classified the role of more than seventy molecules in necroptotic signaling based on consistent in vitro or in vivo evidence to understand the molecular background of necroptosis and to find opportunities where regulating the intensity and the modality of cell death could be exploited in clinical interventions. Necroptosis specific inhibitors are under development, but >20 drugs, already used in the treatment of various diseases, have the potential to regulate necroptosis. By listing necroptosis-modulated human diseases and cataloging the currently available drug-repertoire to modify necroptosis intensity, we hope to kick-start approaches with immediate translational potential. We also indicate where necroptosis regulating capacity should be considered in the current applications of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Molnár
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anett Mázló
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Vera Tslaf
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koncz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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18
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Analyses of miRNA in the ileum of diarrheic piglets caused by Clostridium perfringens type C. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103699. [PMID: 31472261 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C is one of major pathogenic causing diarrhea and other intestinal inflammatory diseases in piglets, which seriously affects the healthy development of the swine industries. Studies have found that miRNAs play important roles in regulating piglet diarrhea challenged by pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella. However, little is known miRNAs in the ileum of diarrheic piglets caused by C. perfringens type C. Therefore, we studied the expression profiles of the ileum miRNAs of 7-day-old piglets infected with C. perfringens type C using small RNA-Seq, including control (IC), susceptible (IS) and resistant (IR) groups. As a result, 53 differentially expressed miRNAs were found. KEGG pathway analysis for target genes revealed that these miRNAs were involved in ErbB signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway. The expression correlation analysis between miRNAs and target genes revealed that the expression of miR-7134-5p had negative correlation with target NFATC4, miR-500 had negative correlation with target ELK1, HSPA2 and IL7R, and miR-92b-3p had negative correlation with target CLCF1 in ileum of IR vs IS group, suggesting that miR-7134-5p targeting to NFATC4, miR-500 targeting to ELK1, HSPA2 and IL7R, and miR-92b-3p targeting to CLCF1 were probably involved in piglet resisting C. perfringens type C. The results will provide value resources for better understanding of the genetic basis of C. perfringens type C resistance in piglet and lays a new foundation for identifying novel markers of C. perfringens type C resistance.
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19
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Hong CS, Park MR, Sun EG, Choi W, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Rhee JH, Cho SH, Chung IJ. Gal-3BP Negatively Regulates NF-κB Signaling by Inhibiting the Activation of TAK1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1760. [PMID: 31402917 PMCID: PMC6677151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3-binding protein (Gal-3BP) is a member of the family of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain-containing proteins, which are associated with the immune system. However, the functional roles and signaling mechanisms of Gal-3BP in host defense and the immune response remain largely unknown. Here, we identified cellular Gal-3BP as a negative regulator of NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, cellular Gal-3BP interacted with transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a crucial mediator of NF-κB activation in response to cellular stress. Gal-3BP inhibited the phosphorylation of TAK1, leading to suppression of its kinase activity and reduced protein stability. In vivo we found that Lgals3BP deficiency in mice enhanced LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine release and rendered mice more sensitive to LPS-induced endotoxin shock. Overall, these results suggest that Gal-3BP is a novel suppressor of TAK1-dependent NF-κB activation that may have potential in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Soo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Jun-Eul Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Woo-Kyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.,Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Clinical Vaccine R&D Center and Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Clinical Vaccine R&D Center and Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea.,Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Clinical Vaccine R&D Center and Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
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20
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Zhou R, Chen Z, Hao D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yi X, Lyu LD, Liu H, Zou Q, Chu Y, Ge B, Yan D. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Tir inhibits TAK1 activation and mediates immune evasion. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:734-748. [PMID: 31130074 PMCID: PMC6542180 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1620589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Many pathogens infect hosts through various immune evasion strategies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which pathogen proteins modulate and evade the host immune response remain unclear. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a pathological strain that can induce mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (Erk, Jnk and p38 MAPK) and NF-κB pathway activation and proinflammatory cytokine production, which then causes diarrheal diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is a key regulator involved in distinct innate immune signalling pathways. Here we report that EHEC translocated intimin receptor (Tir) protein inhibits the expression of EHEC-induced proinflammatory cytokines by interacting with the host tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which is dependent on the phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs). Mechanistically, the association of EHEC Tir with SHP-1 facilitated the recruitment of SHP-1 to TAK1 and inhibited TAK1 phosphorylation, which then negatively regulated K63-linked polyubiquitination of TAK1 and downstream signal transduction. Taken together, these results suggest that EHEC Tir negatively regulates proinflammatory responses by inhibiting the activation of TAK1, which is essential for immune evasion and could be a potential target for the treatment of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Zhou
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zijuan Chen
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Doudou Hao
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- b Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy , Army Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- c School of Biomedical Engineering , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Dong Lyu
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- d Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Quanming Zou
- b Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy , Army Medical University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- d Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,e Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Yan
- a Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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21
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Ohama T. The multiple functions of protein phosphatase 6. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Morlino S, Castori M, Dordoni C, Cinquina V, Santoro G, Grammatico P, Venturini M, Colombi M, Ritelli M. A novel MAP3K7 splice mutation causes cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome with features of hereditary connective tissue disorder. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:582-586. [PMID: 29467388 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous variants in MAP3K7, encoding the transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), are associated with the ultrarare cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome (CSCFS). Specific gain-of-function variants in the same gene cause the allelic frontometaphyseal dysplasia type 2. Phenotypic series of frontometaphyseal dysplasia also comprise variants in FLNA (type 1) and two patients with a heterozygous variant in TAB2 (type 3). We report on a 7-year-old girl with CSCFS due to the novel heterozygous c.737-7A>G variant in MAP3K7. The identified variant generates a new splice acceptor site causing an in-frame insertion of 2 amino acid residues (p.Asn245_Gly246insValVal), as demonstrated by RNA study. The patient was originally ascertained for a presumed hereditary connective tissue disorder due to soft/dystrophic skin, extreme joint hypermobility, polyvalvular heart disease, and upper gastrointestinal dismotility. Our study confirms locus homogeneity for CSCFS, expands the mutational spectrum of MAP3K7, and adds data on the existence of a community of connective tissue disorders caused by abnormalities of the TAK1-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Morlino
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy.
| | - Chiara Dordoni
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Graziano Santoro
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Venturini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
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MiR674 inhibits the neuraminidase-stimulated immune response on dendritic cells via down-regulated Mbnl3. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48978-48994. [PMID: 27285980 PMCID: PMC5226485 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA), a structural protein of the H9N2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV), can facilitate viral invasion of the upper airway by cleaving the sialic acid moieties on mucin. Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen-presenting cells whose immune functions, such as presenting antigens and activating lymphocytes, can be regulated by microRNAs. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism of miRNA-induced repression of immune responses in mouse DCs. First, we screened for and verified the miRNAs induced by NA. Then, we showed that, consistent with the H9N2 virus treatment, the viral NA up-regulated the expression of miR-155, miR-674, and miR-499 in DCs; however, unlike H9N2 virus treatment, the presence of NA was associated with reduced expression of miR-181b1. Our results suggest that NA significantly increased DC surface markers CD80 and MHCII and enhanced the ability of activating lymphocytes and secreting cytokines compared with HA, NP and M2. Meanwhile, we found that miR-674 and miR-155 over-expression increased all surface markers of DC. Nevertheless, by inhibiting the expression of miR-674 and miR-155, NA lost the ability to promote DC maturation. Furthermore, we predicted and demonstrated that Pgm2l1, Aldh18a1, Camk1d, and Mbnl3 were the target genes of miR-674. Among them, Mbnl3 interference strongly blocked the mature DCs. Collectively, our data shed new light on the roles of and mechanisms involved in the repression of DCs by miRNAs, which may contribute to efforts to develop a prophylaxis for the influenza virus.
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Gupta S, Su H, Agrawal S, Gollapudi S. Molecular changes associated with increased TNF-α-induced apoptotis in naïve (T N) and central memory (T CM) CD8+ T cells in aged humans. Immun Ageing 2018; 15:2. [PMID: 29387134 PMCID: PMC5775550 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-017-0109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive T cell decline in aged humans is associated with a deficiency of naïve (TN) and central memory (TCM) T cells. We have previously reported increased Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis in TN and TCM T cells in aged humans; however, the molecular basis of increased apoptosis remains to be defined. Since expression of TNF receptors (TNFRs) was reported to be comparable in young and aged, we investigated signaling events downstream of TNFRs to understand the molecular basis of increased TNF-α-induced apoptosis in aged TN and TCM CD8+ cells. RESULTS The expression of TRAF-2 and RIP, phosphorylation of JNK, IKKα/β, and IκBα, and activation of NF-κB activation were significantly decreased in TN and TCM CD8+ cells from aged subjects as compared to young controls. Furthermore, expression of A20, Bcl-xL, cIAP1, and FLIP-L and FLIP-S was significantly decreased in TN and TCM CD8+ cells from aged subjects. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that an impaired expression/function of molecules downstream TNFR signaling pathway that confer survival signals contribute to increased apoptosis of TN and TCM CD8+ cells in aged humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Gupta
- Program in Primary Immunodeficiency and Aging, Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Medical Sci. I, C-240, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Houfen Su
- Program in Primary Immunodeficiency and Aging, Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Program in Primary Immunodeficiency and Aging, Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Sastry Gollapudi
- Program in Primary Immunodeficiency and Aging, Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, USA
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25
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Yamamoto JI, Kasamatsu A, Okubo Y, Nakashima D, Fushimi K, Minakawa Y, Kasama H, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Evaluation of tryptophan-aspartic acid repeat-containing protein 34 as a novel tumor-suppressor molecule in human oral cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2469-2474. [PMID: 29278705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) repeat-containing protein 34 (WDR34), one of the WDR protein superfamilies with five WD40 domains, inhibits a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-associated NF-κB activation pathway. Nevertheless, little is known about the roles of WDR34 in cancer. The current study sought to elucidate the clinical relevance of WDRsfb34 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We found WDR34 down-regulation in OSCCs compared with normal control tissues using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Models of overexpression of WDR34 (oeWDR34) showed depressed cellular growth through cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase. To investigate the inhibitory function of WDR34, we challenged oeWDR34 cells with interleukin (IL)-1, a ligand for activation of the TAK1-NF-κB pathway and assessed the expression of a target gene of the pathway. oeWDR34 strongly inhibited IL-6 expression, which is closely related to tumoral growth, compared with control cells, suggesting that WDR34 would be a critical molecule for control of tumoral progression. In addition to the in vitro experiments, WDR34 negativity was correlated with tumoral growth of OSCCs. Our findings suggested that WDR34 inhibits OSCC progression and might be a potential tumor-suppressor molecule in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Okubo
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Fushimi
- Division of Oral Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Minakawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Dentistry, Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kasama
- Division of Oral Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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26
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Geng J, Ito Y, Shi L, Amin P, Chu J, Ouchida AT, Mookhtiar AK, Zhao H, Xu D, Shan B, Najafov A, Gao G, Akira S, Yuan J. Regulation of RIPK1 activation by TAK1-mediated phosphorylation dictates apoptosis and necroptosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:359. [PMID: 28842570 PMCID: PMC5572456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of TNFR1 by TNFα can promote three distinct alternative mechanisms of cell death: necroptosis, RIPK1-independent and -dependent apoptosis. How cells decide which way to die is unclear. Here, we report that TNFα-induced phosphorylation of RIPK1 in the intermediate domain by TAK1 plays a key role in regulating this critical decision. Using phospho-Ser321 as a marker, we show that the transient phosphorylation of RIPK1 intermediate domain induced by TNFα leads to RIPK1-independent apoptosis when NF-κB activation is inhibited by cycloheximide. On the other hand, blocking Ser321 phosphorylation promotes RIPK1 activation and its interaction with FADD to mediate RIPK1-dependent apoptosis (RDA). Finally, sustained phosphorylation of RIPK1 intermediate domain at multiple sites by TAK1 promotes its interaction with RIPK3 and necroptosis. Thus, absent, transient and sustained levels of TAK1-mediated RIPK1 phosphorylation may represent distinct states in TNF-RSC to dictate the activation of three alternative cell death mechanisms, RDA, RIPK1-independent apoptosis and necroptosis. TNFα can promote three distinct mechanisms of cell death: necroptosis, RIPK1-independent and dependent apoptosis. Here the authors show that TNFα-induced phosphorylation of RIPK1 in the intermediate domain by TAK1 plays a key role in regulating this decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Geng
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yasushi Ito
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Linyu Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Rd, PuDong District, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Palak Amin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiachen Chu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Tomie Ouchida
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adnan Kasim Mookhtiar
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daichao Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bing Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Rd, PuDong District, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ayaz Najafov
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center and Vector Core, and Department of Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, AS6-2049, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Rd, PuDong District, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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27
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Functions of protein phosphatase-6 in NF-κB signaling and in lymphocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:693-701. [PMID: 28620030 PMCID: PMC5473023 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase-6 (PP6) is a member of the PPP family of Ser/Thr phosphatases involved in intracellular signaling. PP6 is conserved among all eukaryotes, and genetics in model organisms indicates it has non-redundant functions relative to other PPP phosphatases. PP6 functions in association with conserved SAPS subunits and, in vertebrate species, forms heterotrimers with Ankrd subunits. Multiple studies have demonstrated how PP6 exerts negative control at different steps of nuclear factor kappaB signaling. Expression of PP6 catalytic subunit and the PPP6R1 subunit is especially high in hematopoietic cells and lymphoid tissues. Recent efforts at conditionally knocking out genes for PP6c or PP6R1 (SAPS1) have revealed distinctive effects on development of and signaling in lymphocytes.
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28
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Engin A. Diet-Induced Obesity and the Mechanism of Leptin Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:381-397. [PMID: 28585208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leptin signaling blockade by chronic overstimulation of the leptin receptor or hypothalamic pro-inflammatory responses due to elevated levels of saturated fatty acid can induce leptin resistance by activating negative feedback pathways. Although, long form leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) initiates leptin signaling through more than seven different signal transduction pathways, excessive suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) activity is a potential mechanism for the leptin resistance that characterizes human obesity. Because the leptin-responsive metabolic pathways broadly integrate with other neurons to control energy balance, the methods used to counteract the leptin resistance has extremely limited effect. In this chapter, besides the impairment of central and peripheral leptin signaling pathways, limited access of leptin to central nervous system (CNS) through blood-brain barrier, mismatch between high leptin and the amount of leptin receptor expression, contradictory effects of cellular and circulating molecules on leptin signaling, the connection between leptin signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and self-regulation of leptin signaling has been discussed in terms of leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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29
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Reineri S, Agati S, Miano V, Sani M, Berchialla P, Ricci L, Iannello A, Coscujuela Tarrero L, Cutrupi S, De Bortoli M. A Novel Functional Domain of Tab2 Involved in the Interaction with Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168639. [PMID: 27992601 PMCID: PMC5167418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tab2, originally described as a component of the inflammatory pathway, has been implicated in phenomena of gene de-repression in several contexts, due to its ability to interact with the NCoR corepressor. Tab2 interacts also with steroid receptors and dismisses NCoR from antagonist-bound Estrogen and Androgen Receptors on gene regulatory regions, thus modifying their transcriptional activity and leading to pharmacological resistance in breast and prostate cancer cells. We demonstrated previously that either Tab2 knock-down, or a peptide mimicking the Estrogen Receptor alpha domain interacting with Tab2, restore the antiproliferative response to Tamoxifen in Tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. In this work, we map the domain of Tab2 responsible of Estrogen Receptor alpha interaction. First, using both co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down with recombinant proteins, we found that the central part of Tab2 is primarily responsible for this interaction, and that this region also interacts with Androgen Receptor. Then, we narrowed down the essential interaction region by means of competition assays using recombinant protein pull-down. The interaction motif was finally identified as a small region adjacent to, but not overlapping, the Tab2 MEKK1 phosphorylation sites. A synthetic peptide mimicking this motif efficiently displaced Tab2 from interacting with recombinant Estrogen Receptor alpha in vitro, prompting us to test its efficacy using derivatives of the MCF7 breast carcinoma cell lines that are spontaneously resistant to Tamoxifen. Indeed, we observed that this mimic peptide, made cell-permeable by addition of the TAT minimal carrier domain, reduced the growth of Tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells in the presence of Tamoxifen. These data indicate a novel functional domain of the Tab2 protein with potential application in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Reineri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Agati
- Bioindustry Park Silvano Fumero, Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Miano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Sani
- CNR, i.c.r.m. Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Ricci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Bioindustry Park Silvano Fumero, Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Iannello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Santina Cutrupi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele De Bortoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
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30
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Ogoh H, Tanuma N, Matsui Y, Hayakawa N, Inagaki A, Sumiyoshi M, Momoi Y, Kishimoto A, Suzuki M, Sasaki N, Ohuchi T, Nomura M, Teruya Y, Yasuda K, Watanabe T, Shima H. The protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit (Ppp6c) is indispensable for proper post-implantation embryogenesis. Mech Dev 2016; 139:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Kurmyshkina OV, Bogdanova AA, Volkova TO, Poltorak AN. Septic shock: innate molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of generalized inflammation. Russ J Dev Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360415040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Boylan JM, Salomon AR, Tantravahi U, Gruppuso PA. Adaptation of HepG2 cells to a steady-state reduction in the content of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) catalytic subunit. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:224-37. [PMID: 25999147 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) is a ubiquitous Ser/Thr phosphatase involved in an array of cellular processes. To assess the potential of PP6 as a therapeutic target in liver disorders, we attenuated expression of the PP6 catalytic subunit in HepG2 cells using lentiviral-transduced shRNA. Two PP6 knock-down (PP6KD) cell lines (90% reduction of PP6-C protein content) were studied in depth. Both proliferated at a rate similar to control cells. However, flow cytometry indicated G2/M cell cycle arrest that was accounted for by a shift of the cells from a diploid to tetraploid state. PP6KD cells did not show an increase in apoptosis, nor did they exhibit reduced viability in the presence of bleomycin or taxol. Gene expression analysis by microarray showed attenuated anti-inflammatory signaling. Genes associated with DNA replication were downregulated. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic analysis yielded 80 phosphopeptides representing 56 proteins that were significantly affected by a stable reduction in PP6-C. Proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA damage repair and pre-mRNA splicing were overrepresented among these. PP6KD cells showed intact mTOR signaling. Our studies demonstrated involvement of PP6 in a diverse set of biological pathways and an adaptive response that may limit the effectiveness of targeting PP6 in liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Boylan
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Umadevi Tantravahi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pathology, Brown University and Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Philip A Gruppuso
- Department of Pediatrics, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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33
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Krishnan G, Chatterjee N. Differential immune mechanism to HIV-1 Tat variants and its regulation by AEA [corrected]. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9887. [PMID: 25943894 PMCID: PMC4421801 DOI: 10.1038/srep09887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the retina, Müller glia is a dominant player of immune response. The HIV-1 transactivator viral protein (Tat) induces production of several neurotoxic cytokines in retinal cells. We show that HIV-1 clades Tat B and C act differentially on Müller glia, which is reflected in apoptosis, activation of cell death pathway components and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The harsher immune-mediated pathology of Tat B, as opposed to milder effects of Tat C, manifests at several signal transduction pathways, notably, MAPK, STAT, SOCS, the NFκB signalosome, and TTP. In activated cells, anandamide (AEA), acting as an immune-modulator, suppresses Tat B effect through MKP-1 but Tat C action via MEK-1. AEA lowers nuclear NF-κB and TAB2 for both variants while elevating IRAK1BP1 in activated Müller glia. Müller glia exposed to Tat shows enhanced PBMC attachment. Tat-induced increase in leukocyte adhesion to Müller cells can be mitigated by AEA, involving both CB receptors. This study identifies multiple signalling components that drive immune-mediated pathology and contribute to disease severity in HIV clades. We show that the protective effects of AEA occur at various stages in cytokine generation and are clade-dependant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Krishnan
- 1] L&T Department of Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 41 College Road, Chennai, 600006 India [2] Research Scholar, CeNTAB, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tanjore, India
| | - Nivedita Chatterjee
- L&T Department of Ocular Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 41 College Road, Chennai, 600006 India
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34
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Pol JG, Lekbaby B, Redelsperger F, Klamer S, Mandouri Y, Ahodantin J, Bieche I, Lefevre M, Souque P, Charneau P, Gadessaud N, Kremsdorf D, Soussan P. Alternative splicing-regulated protein of hepatitis B virus hacks the TNF-α-stimulated signaling pathways and limits the extent of liver inflammation. FASEB J 2015; 29:1879-89. [PMID: 25630972 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B splicing-regulated protein (HBSP) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) was uncovered a few years ago but its function remains unknown. HBSP expression occurs from a spliced viral transcript that increases during the course of liver disease. This study aimed at characterizing the impact of HBSP on cellular signaling pathways in vitro and on liver pathogenesis in transgenic (Tg) mice. By RT-qPCR array, NF-κB-inducible genes appeared modulated in HepG2 cells transduced with a HBSP-encoding lentivirus. Using luciferase and Western blot assays, we observed a decreased activation of the NF-κB pathway in HBSP-expressing cells following TNF-α treatment, as illustrated by lower levels of phosphorylated IκB-α. Meanwhile, the level of phosphorylated JNK increased together with the sensitivity to apoptosis. The contrasting effects on JNK and IκB-α activation upon TNF-α stimulation matched with a modulated maturation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) kinase, assessed by 2-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway by HBSP was confirmed in the liver of HBSP Tg mice and associated with a significant decrease of chemically induced chronic liver inflammation, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, HBSP contributes to limit hepatic inflammation during chronic liver disease and may favor HBV persistence by evading immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Pol
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Bouchra Lekbaby
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - François Redelsperger
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Sofieke Klamer
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Yassmina Mandouri
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - James Ahodantin
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Marine Lefevre
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Philippe Souque
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Noémie Gadessaud
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Dina Kremsdorf
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
| | - Patrick Soussan
- *INSERM U845, Pathogenèse des Hépatites Virales B et Immunothérapie, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Necker, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Virologie Moléculaire et Vectorologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité de Recherche Associée 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Plateforme d'Histologie, Laboratoire L-RB126, Paris, France; **Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tenon, Paris France
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Abstract
The mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) has emerged as an interesting therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer. TAK1 is a tightly regulated kinase that represents a key signaling node in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli, modulating both expression of inflammatory mediators and cell death. The first inhibitors described for TAK1 exploit the active site cysteine residue found in this kinase, but more recently both type I ATP hinge-binding inhibitors and type II DFG-out inhibitors have been described. This article will review the emerging role of TAK1 kinase in inflammation, the current state of the art for small molecule inhibitor development and opportunities for chemical biology approaches.
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TAK1 control of cell death. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1667-76. [PMID: 25146924 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death, a physiologic process for removing cells, is critically important in normal development and for elimination of damaged cells. Conversely, unattended cell death contributes to a variety of human disease pathogenesis. Thus, precise understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying control of cell death is important and relevant to public health. Recent studies emphasize that transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a central regulator of cell death and is activated through a diverse set of intra- and extracellular stimuli. The physiologic importance of TAK1 and TAK1-binding proteins in cell survival and death has been demonstrated using a number of genetically engineered mice. These studies uncover an indispensable role of TAK1 and its binding proteins for maintenance of cell viability and tissue homeostasis in a variety of organs. TAK1 is known to control cell viability and inflammation through activating downstream effectors such as NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). It is also emerging that TAK1 regulates cell survival not solely through NF-κB but also through NF-κB-independent pathways such as oxidative stress and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) kinase activity-dependent pathway. Moreover, recent studies have identified TAK1's seemingly paradoxical role to induce programmed necrosis, also referred to as necroptosis. This review summarizes the consequences of TAK1 deficiency in different cell and tissue types from the perspective of cell death and also focuses on the mechanism by which TAK1 complex inhibits or promotes programmed cell death. This review serves to synthesize our current understanding of TAK1 in cell survival and death to identify promising directions for future research and TAK1's potential relevance to human disease pathogenesis.
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Song Z, Zhu X, Jin R, Wang C, Yan J, Zheng Q, Nanda A, Granger DN, Li G. Roles of the kinase TAK1 in CD40-mediated effects on vascular oxidative stress and neointima formation after vascular injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101671. [PMID: 25050617 PMCID: PMC4106789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although TAK1 has been implicated in inflammation and oxidative stress, its roles in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in response to vascular injury have not been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of TAK1 in modulating oxidative stress in VSMCs and its involvement in neointima formation after vascular injury. Double immunostaining reveals that vascular injury induces a robust phosphorylation of TAK1 (Thr187) in the medial VSMCs of injured arteries in wildtype mice, but this effect is blocked in CD40-deficient mice. Upregulation of TAK1 in VSMCs is functionally important, as it is critically involved in pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects on VSMCs and eventual neointima formation. In vivo, pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked the injury-induced phosphorylation of both TAK1 (Thr187) and NF-kB/p65 (Ser536), associated with marked inhibition of superoxide production, 3-nitrotyrosine, and MCP-1 in the injured arteries. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that either siRNA knockdown or 5Z-7-oxozeaenol inhibition of TAK1 significantly attenuated NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide production induced by CD40L/CD40 stimulation. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that blockade of TAK1 disrupted the CD40L-induced complex formation of p22phox with p47phox, p67phox, or Nox4. Blockade of TAK1 also inhibited CD40L-induced NF-kB activation by modulating IKKα/β and NF-kB p65 phosphorylation and this was related to reduced expression of proinflammatory genes (IL-6, MCP-1 and ICAM-1) in VSMCs. Lastly, treatment with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol attenuated neointimal formation in wire-injured femoral arteries. Our findings demonstrate previously uncharacterized roles of TAK1 in vascular oxidative stress and the contribution to neointima formation after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Song
- Vascular Biology and Stroke Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Vascular Biology and Stroke Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Rong Jin
- Vascular Biology and Stroke Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Vascular Biology and Stroke Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qichang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anil Nanda
- Vascular Biology and Stroke Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - D. Neil Granger
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Guohong Li
- Vascular Biology and Stroke Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, LSU Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, LSU Health Science Center in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Morioka S, Broglie P, Omori E, Ikeda Y, Takaesu G, Matsumoto K, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. TAK1 kinase switches cell fate from apoptosis to necrosis following TNF stimulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:607-23. [PMID: 24535827 PMCID: PMC3926964 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201305070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the TAK1 kinase drives RIPK3-dependent necrosis and inhibits apoptosis downstream of TNF-α stimulation. TNF activates three distinct intracellular signaling cascades leading to cell survival, caspase-8–mediated apoptosis, or receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)–dependent necrosis, also called necroptosis. Depending on the cellular context, one of these pathways is activated upon TNF challenge. When caspase-8 is activated, it drives the apoptosis cascade and blocks RIPK3-dependent necrosis. Here we report the biological event switching to activate necrosis over apoptosis. TAK1 kinase is normally transiently activated upon TNF stimulation. We found that prolonged and hyperactivation of TAK1 induced phosphorylation and activation of RIPK3, leading to necrosis without caspase activation. In addition, we also demonstrated that activation of RIPK1 and RIPK3 promoted TAK1 activation, suggesting a positive feedforward loop of RIPK1, RIPK3, and TAK1. Conversely, ablation of TAK1 caused caspase-dependent apoptosis, in which Ripk3 deletion did not block cell death either in vivo or in vitro. Our results reveal that TAK1 activation drives RIPK3-dependent necrosis and inhibits apoptosis. TAK1 acts as a switch between apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Morioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Ikeda Y, Morioka S, Matsumoto K, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. TAK1 binding protein 2 is essential for liver protection from stressors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88037. [PMID: 24498425 PMCID: PMC3912198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the first line of defense from environmental stressors in that hepatocytes respond to and metabolize them. Hence, hepatocytes can be damaged by stressors. Protection against hepatic cell damage and cell death is important for liver function and homeostasis. TAK1 (MAP3K7) is an intermediate of stressors such as bacterial moieties–induced signal transduction pathways in several cell types. Tak1 deficiency has been reported to induce spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the regulatory mechanism of TAK1 activity in liver stress response has not yet been defined. Here we report that activation of TAK1 through TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) is required for liver protection from stressors. We found that a bacterial moiety, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), activated TAK1 in primary hepatocytes, which was diminished by deletion of TAB2. Mice having hepatocyte-specific deletion of the Tab2 gene exhibited only late-onset moderate liver lesions but were hypersensitive to LPS-induced liver injury. Furthermore, we show that a chemical stressor induced greatly exaggerated liver injury in hepatocyte-specific Tab2-deficient mice. These results demonstrate that TAB2 is a sensor of stress conditions in the liver and functions to protect the liver by activating the TAK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sho Morioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kunihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Abstract
TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1 or MAP3K7) is an intracellular hub molecule that regulates both nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways that play key roles in development, cell survival, immune response, metabolism, and carcinogenesis. TAK1 activity is tightly regulated by its binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2/TAB3, as well as by post-translational modification including ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that TAK1 plays a role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis as a tumor prompter or tumor suppressor. An understanding of the role of TAK1 in liver physiology and diseases is required for the development of therapeutic agencies targeting TAK1. In this review, we highlight the activation mechanism and pathophysiological roles of TAK1 in the liver.
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41
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The TGFβ1 pathway is required for NFκB dependent gene expression in mouse keratinocytes. Cytokine 2013; 64:652-9. [PMID: 24075100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) and NFκB pathways are important regulators of epidermal homeostasis, inflammatory responses and carcinogenesis. Previous studies have shown extensive crosstalk between these pathways that is cell type and context dependent, but this has not been well-characterized in epidermal keratinocytes. Here we show that in primary mouse keratinocytes, TGFβ1 induces NFκB-luciferase reporter activity that is dependent on both NFκB and Smad3. TGFβ1-induced NFκB-luciferase activity was blocked by the IκB inhibitor parthenolide, the IκB super-repressor, a dominant negative TGFβ1-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and genetic deletion of NFκB1. Coexpression of NFκB p50 or p65 subunits enhanced NFκB-luciferase activity. Similarly, inhibition of the TGFβ1 type I receptor with SB431542 or genetic deletion of Smad3 blocked TGFβ1 induction of NFκB-luciferase. TGFβ1 rapidly induced IKK phosphorylation but did not cause a detectable decrease in cytoplasmic IκB levels or nuclear translocation of NFκB subunits, although EMSA showed rapid NFκB nuclear binding activity that could be blocked by SB431542 treatment. TNFα, a well characterized NFκB target gene was also induced by TGFβ1 and this was blocked in NFκB+/- and -/- keratinocytes and by the IκB super-repressor. To test the effects of the TGFβ1 pathway on a biologically relevant activator of NFκB, we exposed mice and primary keratinocytes in culture to UVB irradiation. In primary keratinocytes UVB caused a detectable increase in levels of Smad2 phosphorylation that was dependent on ALK5, but no significant increase in SBE-dependent gene expression. Inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling in primary keratinocytes with SB431542 or genetic deletion of Tgfb1 or Smad3 suppressed UVB induction of TNFα message. Similarly, UVB induction of TNFα mRNA was blocked in skin of Tgfb1+/- mice. These studies demonstrate that intact TGFβ1 signaling is required for NFκB-dependent gene expression in mouse keratinocytes and skin and suggest that a convergence of these pathways in the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm may be critical for regulation of inflammatory pathways in skin by TGFβ1.
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Abstract
In progressive kidney diseases, fibrosis represents the common pathway to end-stage kidney failure. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been established as a central mediator of kidney fibrosis. Emerging evidence shows a complex scheme of signaling networks that enable multifunctionality of TGF-β1 actions. Specific targeting of the TGF-β signaling pathway is seemingly critical and an attractive molecular therapeutic strategy. TGF-β1 signals through the interaction of type I and type II receptors to activate distinct intracellular pathways involving the Smad and the non-Smad. The Smad signaling axis is known as the canonical pathway induced by TGF-β1. Importantly, recent investigations have shown that TGF-β1 also induces various non-Smad signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on current insights into the mechanism and function of the Smad-independent signaling pathway via TGF-β-activated kinase 1 and its role in mediating the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Choi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Dai L, Aye Thu C, Liu XY, Xi J, Cheung PCF. TAK1, more than just innate immunity. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:825-34. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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White BJ, Tarabishy S, Venna VR, Manwani B, Benashski S, McCullough LD, Li J. Protection from cerebral ischemia by inhibition of TGFβ-activated kinase. Exp Neurol 2012; 237:238-45. [PMID: 22683931 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase (TAK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family that plays important roles in apoptosis and inflammatory signaling, both of which are critical components of stroke pathology. TAK1 has recently been identified as a major upstream kinase that phosphorylates and activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major mediator of neuronal injury after experimental cerebral ischemia. We studied the functional role of TAK1 and its mechanistic link with AMPK after stroke. METHODS Male mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was injected either intracerebroventricularly or intraperitoneally at various doses and infarct size and functional outcome after long term survival was assessed. Mice with deletion of the AMPK α2 isoform were utilized to assess the contribution of downstream AMPK signaling to stroke outcomes. Levels of pTAK1, pAMPK, and other TAK1 targets including the pro-apoptotic molecule c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun and the pro-inflammatory protein cyclooxygenase-2 were also examined. RESULTS TAK1 is critical in stroke pathology. Delayed treatment with a TAK1 inhibitor reduced infarct size and improved behavioral outcome even when given several hours after stroke onset. This protective effect may be independent of AMPK activation but was associated with a reduction in JNK and c-Jun signaling. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced TAK1 signaling, via activation of JNK, contributes to cell death in ischemic stroke. TAK1 inhibition is a novel therapeutic approach for stroke as it is neuroprotective with systemic administration, has a delayed therapeutic window, and demonstrates sustained neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J White
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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45
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Abstract
Cell death is regulated by a myriad of intracellular molecular pathways, with many involving protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In this review, we will focus on Ser/Thr phosphatases-mediated regulation in cell apoptosis as well as on their potential roles in cell necrosis. The emerging functional importance of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases in cell death regulation adds new dimension to the signaling mechanisms of cellular function, physiology, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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46
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Piao JH, Yagita H, Okumura K, Nakano H. Aberrant accumulation of interleukin-10-secreting neutrophils in TRAF2-deficient mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2012; 90:881-8. [PMID: 22546736 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Highly coordinated expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is crucial for maintaining homeostasis of the gut that is constantly exposed to large amounts of commensal bacteria. We have previously reported that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (Traf)2(-/-) mice spontaneously develop severe colitis and that the development of colitis largely depends on TNFα-dependent apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the immunological disorders of Traf2(-/-) mice are not fully understood. Here we show that interleukin (IL)-10-secreting neutrophils accumulated in peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) cells from Traf2(-/-) mice compared with those from wild-type mice. Treatment of Traf2(-/-) mice with neutralizing antibody against TNFα or crossing Traf2(-/-) mice with Tnfr1(-/-) mice reduced the percentages of IL-10-secreting neutrophils, suggesting that the development of IL-10-secreting neutrophils largely depended on TNFα signals. Moreover, stimulation of BM cells from wild-type mice with lipopolysaccharide and Pam3CS(K)4, a ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 and 2, respectively, induced differentiation of BM cells into IL-10-secreting neutrophils. These results suggest that the development of IL-10-secreting neutrophils is not restricted to Traf2(-/-) mice, but could be generalized to wild-type mice under certain conditions such as inflammation. Finally, combined treatment of Traf2(-/-) mice with neutralizing antibodies against TNFα and IL-10, but not each antibody alone, substantially ameliorated colitis and prolonged survival. Together, abrogation of immunosuppressive conditions mediated by IL-10-secreting neutrophils might be an alternative strategy to treat chronic inflammatory diseases at least under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hu Piao
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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TGF-β-activated kinase-1: New insights into the mechanism of TGF-β signaling and kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2012; 31:94-105. [PMID: 26889415 PMCID: PMC4715161 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2012.04.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and wound healing. TGF-β1, the prototype member of the TGF-β superfamily, is well established as a central mediator of renal fibrosis. In chronic kidney disease, dysregulation of expression and activation of TGF-β1 results in the relentless synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins that lead to the development of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and ultimately to end-stage renal disease. Therefore, specific targeting of the TGF-β signaling pathway is seemingly an attractive molecular therapeutic strategy in chronic kidney disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the multifunctionality of TGF-β1 is connected with the complexity of its cell signaling networks. TGF-β1 signals through the interaction of type I and type II receptors to activate distinct intracellular pathways. Although the Smad signaling pathway is known as a canonical pathway induced by TGF-β1, and has been the focus of many previous reviews, importantly TGF-β1 also induces various Smad-independent signaling pathways. In this review, we describe evidence that supports current insights into the mechanism and function of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which has emerged as a critical signaling molecule in TGF-β-induced Smad-independent signaling pathways. We also discuss the functional role of TAK1 in mediating the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1.
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48
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. Emerging role of NF-κB signaling in the induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cell Signal 2012; 24:835-45. [PMID: 22182507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The major hallmark of cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest and thus it is a potent tumor suppressor mechanism. Genotoxic insults, e.g. oxidative stress, are important inducers of the senescent phenotype which is characterized by an accumulation of senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF) and DNA segments with chromatin alterations reinforcing senescence (DNA-SCARS). Interestingly, senescent cells secrete pro-inflammatory factors and thus the condition has been called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Emerging data has revealed that NF-κB signaling is the major signaling pathway which stimulates the appearance of SASP. It is known that DNA damage provokes NF-κB signaling via a variety of signaling complexes containing NEMO protein, an NF-κB essential modifier, as well as via the activation of signaling pathways of p38MAPK and RIG-1, retinoic acid inducible gene-1. Genomic instability evoked by cellular stress triggers epigenetic changes, e.g. release of HMGB1 proteins which are also potent enhancers of inflammatory responses. Moreover, environmental stress and chronic inflammation can stimulate p38MAPK and ceramide signaling and induce cellular senescence with pro-inflammatory responses. On the other hand, two cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p16INK4a and p14ARF, are effective inhibitors of NF-κB signaling. We will review in detail the signaling pathways which activate NF-κB signaling and trigger SASP in senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Epithelial transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is activated through two independent mechanisms and regulates reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3365-70. [PMID: 22331902 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116188109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in cellular redox systems results in accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are causally associated with a number of disease conditions. Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a signaling intermediate of innate immune signaling pathways and is critically involved in the redox regulation in vivo. Ablation of TAK1 causes accumulation of ROS, resulting in epithelial cell death and inflammation. Here we determine the mechanism by which TAK1 kinase is activated in epithelial tissues. TAB1 and TAB2 are structurally unrelated TAK1 binding protein partners. TAB2 is known to mediate polyubiquitin chain-dependent TAK1 activation in innate immune signaling pathways, whereas the role of TAB1 is not defined. We found that epithelial-specific TAB1 and TAB2 double- but not TAB1 or TAB2 single-knockout mice phenocopied epithelial-specific TAK1 knockout mice. We demonstrate that phosphorylation-dependent basal activity of TAK1 is dependent on TAB1. Ablation of both TAB1 and TAB2 diminished the activity of TAK1 in vivo and causes accumulation of ROS in the epithelial tissues. These results demonstrate that epithelial TAK1 activity is regulated through two unique, TAB1-dependent basal and TAB2-mediated stimuli-dependent mechanisms.
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Trendelenburg AU, Meyer A, Jacobi C, Feige JN, Glass DJ. TAK-1/p38/nNFκB signaling inhibits myoblast differentiation by increasing levels of Activin A. Skelet Muscle 2012; 2:3. [PMID: 22313861 PMCID: PMC3295657 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal-muscle differentiation is required for the regeneration of myofibers after injury. The differentiation capacity of satellite cells is impaired in settings of old age, which is at least one factor in the onset of sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal-muscle mass and major cause of frailty. One important cause of impaired regeneration is increased levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β accompanied by reduced Notch signaling. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are also upregulated in aging, which led us hypothesize that they might potentially contribute to impaired regeneration in sarcopenia. Thus, in this study, we further analyzed the muscle differentiation-inhibition pathway mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in human skeletal muscle cells (HuSKMCs). Methods We studied the modulation of HuSKMC differentiation by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α The grade of differentiation was determined by either imaging (fusion index) or creatine kinase (CK) activity, a marker of muscle differentiation. Secretion of TGF-β proteins during differentiation was assessed by using a TGF-β-responsive reporter-gene assay and further identified by means of pharmacological and genetic inhibitors. In addition, signaling events were monitored by western blotting and reverse transcription PCR, both in HuSKMC cultures and in samples from a rat sarcopenia study. Results The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and TNF-α block differentiation of human myoblasts into myotubes. This anti-differentiation effect requires activation of TGF-β-activated kinase (TAK)-1. Using pharmacological and genetic inhibitors, the TAK-1 pathway could be traced to p38 and NFκB. Surprisingly, the anti-differentiation effect of the cytokines required the transcriptional upregulation of Activin A, which in turn acted through its established signaling pathway: ActRII/ALK/SMAD. Inhibition of Activin A signaling was able to rescue human myoblasts treated with IL-1β or TNF-α, resulting in normal differentiation into myotubes. Studies in aged rats as a model of sarcopenia confirmed that this pro-inflammatory cytokine pathway identified is activated during aging. Conclusions In this study, we found an unexpected connection between cytokine and Activin signaling, revealing a new mechanism by which cytokines affect skeletal muscle, and establishing the physiologic relevance of this pathway in the impaired regeneration seen in sarcopenia.
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