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Stępnik K, Kukula-Koch W, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Gawel K. Astragaloside IV as a Memory-Enhancing Agent: In Silico Studies with In Vivo Analysis and Post Mortem ADME-Tox Profiling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4021. [PMID: 38612831 PMCID: PMC11012721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many people around the world suffer from neurodegenerative diseases associated with cognitive impairment. As life expectancy increases, this number is steadily rising. Therefore, it is extremely important to search for new treatment strategies and to discover new substances with potential neuroprotective and/or cognition-enhancing effects. This study focuses on investigating the potential of astragaloside IV (AIV), a triterpenoid saponin with proven acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting activity naturally occurring in the root of Astragalus mongholicus, to attenuate memory impairment. Scopolamine (SCOP), an antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a trigger of neuroinflammation, were used to impair memory processes in the passive avoidance (PA) test in mice. This memory impairment in SCOP-treated mice was attenuated by prior intraperitoneal (ip) administration of AIV at a dose of 25 mg/kg. The attenuation of memory impairment by LPS was not observed. It can therefore be assumed that AIV does not reverse memory impairment by anti-inflammatory mechanisms, although this needs to be further verified. All doses of AIV tested did not affect baseline locomotor activity in mice. In the post mortem analysis by mass spectrometry of the body tissue of the mice, the highest content of AIV was found in the kidneys, then in the spleen and liver, and the lowest in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stępnik
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie–Skłodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Boguszewska-Czubara
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kinga Gawel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 8B Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Matrella ML, Valletti A, Gigante I, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Russo S, Lobasso S, Lobraico D, Dibattista M, Pacelli C, Cocco T. High OXPHOS efficiency in RA-FUdr-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of cAMP signalling and respiratory supercomplexes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7411. [PMID: 38548913 PMCID: PMC10978939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly dependent on mitochondria to meet their bioenergetic needs and understanding the metabolic changes during the differentiation process is crucial in the neurodegeneration context. Several in vitro approaches have been developed to study neuronal differentiation and bioenergetic changes. The human SH-SY5Y cell line is a widely used cellular model and several differentiation protocols have been developed to induce a neuron-like phenotype including retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In this work we obtained a homogeneous functional population of neuron-like cells by a two-step differentiation protocol in which SH-SY5Y cells were treated with RA plus the mitotic inhibitor 2-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUdr). RA-FUdr treatment induced a neuronal phenotype characterized by increased expression of neuronal markers and electrical properties specific to excitable cells. In addition, the RA-FUdr differentiated cells showed an enrichment of long chain and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in the acyl chain composition of cardiolipin (CL) and the bioenergetic analysis evidences a high coupled and maximal respiration associated with high mitochondrial ATP levels. Our results suggest that the observed high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity may be related to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs), highlighting the change in mitochondrial phenotype during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Matrella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- MASMEC Biomed S.p.A, 70026, Modugno, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology- IRCCS "Saverio De Bellis", Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Lobraico
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Wang W, Li Z, Yan Y, Wu S, Yao X, Gao C, Liu L, Yu Y. LIPUS-induced neurogenesis:A potential therapeutic strategy for cognitive dysfunction in traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114588. [PMID: 37907126 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) precipitates cellular membrane degeneration, phospholipid degradation, neuronal demise, impaired brain electrical activity, and compromised neuroplasticity, ultimately leading to acute and chronic brain dysfunction. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is an emerging brain therapy with the characteristics of non-invasive, high spatial resolution, and high stimulation depth. Herein, we established a controlled cortical impact model to investigate the potential reparative mechanisms of LIPUS in TBI, employing a multi-faceted research methodology encompassing behavioral assessments, immunofluorescence, neuroelectrophysiology, scratch detection of primary cortical neurons, metabolomics and transcriptomics. Our findings demonstrate that LIPUS promotes hippocampal neurogenesis following brain injury, accomplished through the elevation of phosphatidylcholine levels in the hippocampus of TBI mice. Consequently, LIPUS enhances neural electrical activity and augments neural plasticity within the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, effectively restoring neuronal function and cognitive capabilities in TBI mice. These findings shed light on the promising role of LIPUS in TBI brain rehabilitation, offering new perspectives and theoretical foundations for future studies in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Wang
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yitong Yan
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuo Wu
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yao
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, PR China
| | - Chen Gao
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, PR China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China.
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Akyol S, Ashrafi N, Yilmaz A, Turkoglu O, Graham SF. Metabolomics: An Emerging "Omics" Platform for Systems Biology and Its Implications for Huntington Disease Research. Metabolites 2023; 13:1203. [PMID: 38132886 PMCID: PMC10744751 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The precise mechanisms of HD progression are poorly understood; however, it is known that there is an expansion of the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the Huntingtin gene. Important new strategies are of paramount importance to identify early biomarkers with predictive value for intervening in disease progression at a stage when cellular dysfunction has not progressed irreversibly. Metabolomics is the study of global metabolite profiles in a system (cell, tissue, or organism) under certain conditions and is becoming an essential tool for the systemic characterization of metabolites to provide a snapshot of the functional and pathophysiological states of an organism and support disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. This review briefly highlights the historical progress of metabolomic methodologies, followed by a more detailed review of the use of metabolomics in HD research to enable a greater understanding of the pathogenesis, its early prediction, and finally the main technical platforms in the field of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyya Akyol
- NX Prenatal Inc., 4350 Brownsboro Road, Louisville KY 40207, USA;
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
- Metabolomics Division, Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
| | - Onur Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
| | - Stewart F. Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, 318 Meadow Brook Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (N.A.); (A.Y.); (O.T.)
- Metabolomics Division, Beaumont Research Institute, 3811 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
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Camdzic M, Aga DS, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Cellular Lipidome Changes during Retinoic Acid (RA)-Induced Differentiation in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Comprehensive In Vitro Model for Assessing Neurotoxicity of Contaminants. ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 1:110-120. [PMID: 37614295 PMCID: PMC10443778 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y, neuroblastoma cell line, is a common in vitro model used to study physiological neuronal function and the neuronal response to different stimuli, including exposure to toxic chemicals. These cells can be differentiated to neuron-like cells by administration of various reagents, including retinoic acid or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Despite their common use, there is an incomplete understanding of the molecular changes that occur during differentiation. Therefore, there is a critical need to fully understand the molecular changes that occur during differentiation to properly study neurotoxicity in response to various environmental exposures. Previous studies have investigated the proteome and transcriptome during differentiation; however, the regulation of the cellular lipidome in this process is unexplored. In this work, we conducted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted lipidomics in undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, induced by retinoic acid. We show that there are global differences between the cellular lipidomes of undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Out of thousands of features detected in positive and negative electrospray ionization modes, 44 species were identified that showed significant differences (p-value ≤0.05, fold change ≥2) in differentiated cells. Identification of these features combined with targeted lipidomics highlighted the accumulation of phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids during differentiation while triacylglycerols were depleted. These results provide important insights into lipid-related changes that occur during cellular differentiation of SH-5YSY cells and emphasize the need for the detailed characterization of biochemical differences that occur during differentiation while using this in vitro model for assessing ecological impacts of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Camdzic
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Diana S. Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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6
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Blanco HM, Perez CN, Banchio C, Alvarez SE, Ciuffo GM. Neurite outgrowth induced by stimulation of angiotensin II AT 2 receptors in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells involves c-Src activation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15656. [PMID: 37144208 PMCID: PMC10151373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor occurring in childhood, originates from the aberrant proliferation of neural crest cells. Accordingly, the mechanism underling neuronal differentiation could provide new strategies for neuroblastoma treatment. It is well known that neurite outgrowth could be induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) AT2 receptors; however, the signaling mechanism and its possible interaction with NGF (neural growth factor) receptors remain unclear. Here, we show that Ang II and CGP42112A (AT2 receptor agonist) promote neuronal differentiation by inducing neurite outgrowth and βIII-tubulin expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In addition, we demonstrate that treatment with PD123319 (AT2 receptor antagonist) reverts Ang II or CGP42112A-induced differentiation. By using specific pharmacological inhibitors we established that neurite outgrowth induced by CGP42112A requires the activation of MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase), SphK (sphingosine kinase) and c-Src but not PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). Certainly, CGP42112A stimulated a rapid and transient (30 s, 1 min) phosphorylation of c-Src at residue Y416 (indicative of activation), following by a Src deactivation as indicated by phosphorylation of Y527. Moreover, inhibition of the NGF receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) reduced neurite outgrowth induced by Ang II and CGP42112A. In summary, we demonstrated that AT2 receptor-stimulated neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells involves the induction of MEK, SphK and c-Src and suggests a possible transactivation of TrkA. In that regard, AT2 signaling pathway is a key player in neuronal differentiation and might be a potential target for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga M. Blanco
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Celia N. Perez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sergio E. Alvarez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
- Corresponding author. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL CONICET), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Gladys M. Ciuffo
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
- Corresponding author. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL CONICET), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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Lu J, Drobyshevsky A, Lu L, Yu Y, Caplan MS, Claud EC. Microbiota from Preterm Infants Who Develop Necrotizing Enterocolitis Drives the Neurodevelopment Impairment in a Humanized Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1131. [PMID: 37317106 PMCID: PMC10224461 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading basis for gastrointestinal morbidity and poses a significant risk for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in preterm infants. Aberrant bacterial colonization preceding NEC contributes to the pathogenesis of NEC, and we have demonstrated that immature microbiota in preterm infants negatively impacts neurodevelopment and neurological outcomes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that microbial communities before the onset of NEC drive NDI. Using our humanized gnotobiotic model in which human infant microbial samples were gavaged to pregnant germ-free C57BL/6J dams, we compared the effects of the microbiota from preterm infants who went on to develop NEC (MNEC) to the microbiota from healthy term infants (MTERM) on brain development and neurological outcomes in offspring mice. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that MNEC mice had significantly decreased occludin and ZO-1 expression compared to MTERM mice and increased ileal inflammation marked by the increased nuclear phospho-p65 of NFκB expression, revealing that microbial communities from patients who developed NEC had a negative effect on ileal barrier development and homeostasis. In open field and elevated plus maze tests, MNEC mice had worse mobility and were more anxious than MTERM mice. In cued fear conditioning tests, MNEC mice had worse contextual memory than MTERM mice. MRI revealed that MNEC mice had decreased myelination in major white and grey matter structures and lower fractional anisotropy values in white matter areas, demonstrating delayed brain maturation and organization. MNEC also altered the metabolic profiles, especially carnitine, phosphocholine, and bile acid analogs in the brain. Our data demonstrated numerous significant differences in gut maturity, brain metabolic profiles, brain maturation and organization, and behaviors between MTERM and MNEC mice. Our study suggests that the microbiome before the onset of NEC has negative impacts on brain development and neurological outcomes and can be a prospective target to improve long-term developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biological Sciences, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Lei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biological Sciences, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yueyue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biological Sciences, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael S. Caplan
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Erika C. Claud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biological Sciences, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Roy P, Tomassoni D, Nittari G, Traini E, Amenta F. Effects of choline containing phospholipids on the neurovascular unit: A review. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:988759. [PMID: 36212684 PMCID: PMC9541750 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.988759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of choline and of choline-containing phospholipids (CCPLs) on the maintenance and progress of neurovascular unit (NVU) integrity are analyzed. NVU is composed of neurons, glial and vascular cells ensuring the correct homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and indirectly the function of the central nervous system. The CCPLs phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), choline alphoscerate or α-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine (α-GPC) contribute to the modulation of the physiology of the NVU cells. A loss of CCPLs contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease. Our study has characterized the cellular components of the NVU and has reviewed the effect of lecithin, of CDP-choline and α-GPC documented in preclinical studies and in limited clinical trials on these compounds. The interesting results obtained with some CCPLs, in particular with α-GPC, probably would justify reconsideration of the most promising molecules in larger attentively controlled studies. This can also contribute to better define the role of the NVU in the pathophysiology of brain disorders characterized by vascular impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Nittari
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Enea Traini
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Amenta,
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Monjes NM, Wagner PM, Guido ME. “Disruption of the molecular clock severely affects lipid metabolism in a Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell model”. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Chen D, Su M, Zhu H, Zhong G, Wang X, Ma W, Wanapat M, Tan Z. Using Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomics to Identify the Association of Biomarkers in Cattle Feces with Marbling Standard Longissimus Lumborum. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172243. [PMID: 36077963 PMCID: PMC9455031 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To improve the grade of beef marbling has great economic value in the cattle industry since marbling has the traits of high quality and comprehensive nutrition. And because of the marbling’s importance and complexity, it is indispensable to explore marbled beef at multiple levels. This experiment studied the relationship between fecal metabolites and marbling characters, and further screened biomarkers. Results: We performed fecal metabolomics analysis on 30 individuals selected from 100 crossbreed cattle (Luxi Yellow cattle ♀ × Japanese Wagyu cattle ♂), 15 with an extremely high-grade marbling beef and 15 with an extremely low-grade marbling beef. A total of 9959 and 8389 m/z features were detected in positive ionization and negative ionization mode by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Unfortunately, the sample separation in the PCA is not obvious, and the predictive ability of the orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) model is not good. However, we got six differential metabolites filtered by VIP > 1 and p < 0.05. After that, we used weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and found out a module in each positive and negative mode most related to the trait of marbling beef, and then identified three metabolites in positive mode. By further annotation of the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), it was found that these metabolites involved a variety of metabolic ways, including sphingomyelin metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and so on. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictability of metabolites, and the result showed that SM(d18:0/16:1(9Z)) (AUC = 0.72), PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) (AUC = 0.72), ADP (AUC = 0.71), PC(16:0/16:0) (AUC = 0.73), and 3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide (d18:1/18:0) (AUC = 0.69) have an accuracy diagnosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study supports new opinions for the successive evaluation of marbling beef through metabolites. Furthermore, six non-invasive fecal metabolites that can evaluate beef marbling grade were found, including SM(d18:0/16:1(9Z)), PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), ADP, PC(16:0/16:0), and 3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Minchao Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - He Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Products Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Technology Center of Gaoqing Black Cattle Product Processing and Quality Improvement, Zibo 255000, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Gang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weimin Ma
- Technology Center of Gaoqing Black Cattle Product Processing and Quality Improvement, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Facully of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
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Chanaday NL, Kavalali ET. Role of the endoplasmic reticulum in synaptic transmission. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 73:102538. [PMID: 35395547 PMCID: PMC9167765 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neurons possess a complex morphology spanning long distances and a large number of subcellular specializations such as presynaptic terminals and dendritic spines. This structural complexity is essential for maintenance of synaptic junctions and associated electrical as well as biochemical signaling events. Given the structural and functional complexity of neurons, neuronal endoplasmic reticulum is emerging as a key regulator of neuronal function, in particular synaptic signaling. Neuronal endoplasmic reticulum mediates calcium signaling, calcium and lipid homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and proteostasis events that underlie autonomous functions of numerous subcellular compartments. However, based on its geometric complexity spanning the whole neuron, endoplasmic reticulum also integrates the activity of these autonomous compartments across the neuron and coordinates their interactions with the soma. In this article, we review recent work regarding neuronal endoplasmic reticulum function and its relationship to neurotransmission and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali L Chanaday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA.
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA.
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12
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Phosphatidylcholine restores neuronal plasticity of neural stem cells under inflammatory stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22891. [PMID: 34819604 PMCID: PMC8613233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The balances between NSCs growth and differentiation, and between glial and neuronal differentiation play a key role in brain regeneration after any pathological conditions. It is well known that the nervous tissue shows a poor recovery after injury due to the factors present in the wounded microenvironment, particularly inflammatory factors, that prevent neuronal differentiation. Thus, it is essential to generate a favourable condition for NSCs and conduct them to differentiate towards functional neurons. Here, we show that neuroinflammation has no effect on NSCs proliferation but induces an aberrant neuronal differentiation that gives rise to dystrophic, non-functional neurons. This is perhaps the initial step of brain failure associated to many neurological disorders. Interestingly, we demonstrate that phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho)-enriched media enhances neuronal differentiation even under inflammatory stress by modifying the commitment of post-mitotic cells. The pro-neurogenic effect of PtdCho increases the population of healthy normal neurons. In addition, we provide evidences that this phospholipid ameliorates the damage of neurons and, in consequence, modulates neuronal plasticity. These results contribute to our understanding of NSCs behaviour under inflammatory conditions, opening up new venues to improve neurogenic capacity in the brain.
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Liu J, Lu H, Hua X, Gu Y, Pan W, Dong D, Liang D. Direct analysis of metabolites in the liver tissue of zebrafish exposed to fiproles by internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:4480-4486. [PMID: 34160503 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the metabolic disturbance of fipronil and its derivatives in aquatic organisms may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of fipronil on the ecological environment. In this work, internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS) was used to directly analyze metabolites in the liver tissue of zebrafish exposed to fipronil and its three derivatives. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that 32 signals were considered as differential signals in zebrafish after the exposure treatment of fipronil and its derivatives, including phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), fatty acids and so on. The pathway analysis result showed that both fipronil and its derivatives have a significant impact on the glycerophospholipid metabolism of zebrafish. Besides, the intensities of PC signals in the liver samples of each group showed such a trend: mixed fiprole exposed group > fipronil sulfone exposed group ≈ fipronil sulfide exposed group > fipronil exposed group > fipronil desulfinyl exposed group > control group, indicating that mixed exposure of fipronil and its derivatives exhibited more significant metabolic disturbance in zebrafish. Taken together, iEESI-MS is applied to environmental toxicology and investigating the metabolic disturbance induced by fipronil and its derivatives in aquatic organisms, providing a new analytical method for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130012, PR China. and College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130012, PR China. and College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130012, PR China. and College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130012, PR China. and College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130012, PR China. and College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130012, PR China. and College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
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Lacal JC, Zimmerman T, Campos JM. Choline Kinase: An Unexpected Journey for a Precision Medicine Strategy in Human Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:788. [PMID: 34070409 PMCID: PMC8226952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (ChoK) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphorylcholine (PCho) in the presence of ATP and magnesium. ChoK is required for the synthesis of key membrane phospholipids and is involved in malignant transformation in a large variety of human tumours. Active compounds against ChoK have been identified and proposed as antitumor agents. The ChoK inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of symmetrical bispyridinium and bisquinolinium compounds have been defined using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and structural parameters. The design strategy followed in the development of the most active molecules is presented. The selective anticancer activity of these structures is also described. One promising anticancer compound has even entered clinical trials. Recently, ChoKα inhibitors have also been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach against parasites, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory processes, and pathogenic bacteria. The evidence for ChoKα as a novel drug target for approaches in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lacal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz, IDIPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/Campus de Cartuja, s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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15
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Nakazaki E, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Citrolo D, Watanabe F. Citicoline and Memory Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Nutr 2021; 151:2153-2160. [PMID: 33978188 PMCID: PMC8349115 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation of citicoline (CDP-choline), a naturally occurring mononucleotide, has shown beneficial effects on memory function and behavior in populations with a wide range of impairments. However, few studies have investigated its effect in healthy older populations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of citicoline (Cognizin®), on memory in healthy elderly populations with age-associated memory impairment (AAMI). METHODS A total of 100 healthy men and women aged between 50 and 85 y with AAMI participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized to receive placebo (n = 51) or citicoline (n = 49; 500 mg/d) for 12 wk. Memory function was assessed at baseline and end of the intervention (12 wk) using computerized tests (Cambridge Brain Sciences, Ontario, Canada). Safety measurements included adverse events query, body weight, blood pressure, and hematology and metabolic panel. Intent-to-treat analysis was conducted using ANCOVA for the primary and secondary outcome variables with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS A total of 99 out of 100 participants completed the study in its entirety. After the 12-wk intervention, participants supplemented with citicoline showed significantly greater improvements in secondary outcomes of episodic memory (assessed by the Paired Associate test), compared with those on placebo (mean: 0.15 vs. 0.06, respectively, P = 0.0025). Composite memory (secondary outcome), calculated using the scores of 4 memory tests, also significantly improved to a greater extent following citicoline supplementation (mean: 3.78) compared with placebo (mean: 0.72, P = 0.0052). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation of citicoline for 12 wk improved overall memory performance, especially episodic memory, in healthy older males and females with AAMI. The findings suggest that regular consumption of citicoline may be safe and potentially beneficial against memory loss due to aging. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03369925.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Innovation Services, Addison, IL 60101, USA
| | | | - Danielle Citrolo
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Kyowa Hakko USA Inc., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fumiko Watanabe
- Research & Innovation Center, Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–0841, Japan
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Fernández-Irigoyen J, Cartas-Cejudo P, Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta M, Santamaría E. Alteration in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipidome in Parkinson's Disease: A Post-Mortem Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:491. [PMID: 33946950 PMCID: PMC8146703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is clearly associated to Parkinson's disease (PD). Although lipid homeostasis has been widely studied in multiple animal and cellular models, as well as in blood derived from PD individuals, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidomic profile in PD remains largely unexplored. In this study, we characterized the post-mortem CSF lipidomic imbalance between neurologically intact controls (n = 10) and PD subjects (n = 20). The combination of dual extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-qToF-MS/MS) allowed for the monitoring of 257 lipid species across all samples. Complementary multivariate and univariate data analysis identified that glycerolipids (mono-, di-, and triacylglycerides), saturated and mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids, primary fatty amides, glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines), sphingolipids (ceramides, sphingomyelins), N-acylethanolamines and sterol lipids (cholesteryl esters, steroids) were significantly increased in the CSF of PD compared to the control group. Interestingly, CSF lipid dyshomeostasis differed depending on neuropathological staging and disease duration. These results, despite the limitation of being obtained in a small population, suggest extensive CSF lipid remodeling in PD, shedding new light on the deployment of CSF lipidomics as a promising tool to identify potential lipid markers as well as discriminatory lipid species between PD and other atypical parkinsonisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
| | - Paz Cartas-Cejudo
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
| | | | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (P.C.-C.)
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17
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Yazd HS, Rubio VY, Chamberlain CA, Yost RA, Garrett TJ. Metabolomic and lipidomic characterization of an X-chromosome deletion disorder in neural progenitor cells by UHPLC-HRMS. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 20:11-24. [PMID: 34820667 PMCID: PMC8601009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intellectual disorders involving deletions of the X chromosome present a difficult task in the determination of a connection between symptoms and metabolites that could lead to treatment options. One specific disorder of X-chromosomal deletion, Fragile X syndrome, is the most frequently occurring of intellectual disabilities. Previous metabolomic studies have been limited to mouse models that may not have sufficiently revealed the full biochemical diversity of the disease in humans. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the human biochemistry in X-chromosomal deletion disorders through metabolomic and lipidomic profiling, using cells from a X-deletion patient as a representative case. METHODS Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was performed by UHPLC-HRMS on neural progenitor (NP) cells isolated from an afflicted female patient versus normal neural progenitor cells. RESULTS Results showed perturbations in several metabolic pathways, including those of arginine and proline, that significantly impact both neurotransmitter generation and overall brain function. Coincidently, dysregulation was observed for lipids involved in both cellular structure and membrane integrity. The trends of observed metabolomic changes, as well as lipidomic profiling from identified features, are discussed. CONCLUSION The lipidomic and metabolomic profiles of NP cell samples exhibited significant differentiation associated with partial deletion of the X chromosome. These findings suggest that rare X-chromosomal deletion disorders are not only a mental disorder limited to alterations in local neuronal functions, but are also metabolic diseases.
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Key Words
- BMP, Bis(monoacylglycero) phosphate
- Cer-NS, Ceramide nonhydroxyfatty acid-sphingosines
- Fragile X syndrome
- GL, Glycerolipid
- HexCer-NS, Hexosylceramide nonhydroxyfatty acid-sphingosines
- LPC, Lysophosphatidylcholines
- Lipidomics
- Metabolomics
- Microdeletion
- PC, Phosphatidylcholine
- PE, Phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG, Phosphatidylglycerol
- SM, Sphingomyelin
- SP, Sphingolipid
- ST, Sterol
- Xq27.3-Xq28
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Safari Yazd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Vanessa Y. Rubio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Casey A. Chamberlain
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Richard A. Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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18
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Igal RA, Sinner DI. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a Δ-9 fatty acyl desaturase in search of a function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158840. [PMID: 33049404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research has demonstrated that human stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a universally expressed fatty acid Δ9-desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), is a central regulator of metabolic and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Unlike SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a second SCD isoform found in a variety of vertebrates, including humans, has received considerably less attention but new information on the catalytic properties, regulation and biological functions of this enzyme has begun to emerge. This review will examine the new evidence that supports key metabolic and biological roles for SCD5, as well as the potential implication of this desaturase in the mechanisms of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, PH 1501 East, New York City, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - Débora I Sinner
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Lab: R4447, Office: R4445, MLC 7009, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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Rodríguez-Nogales C, Mura S, Couvreur P, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Squalenoyl-gemcitabine/edelfosine nanoassemblies: Anticancer activity in pediatric cancer cells and pharmacokinetic profile in mice. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119345. [PMID: 32311470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great advances accomplished in the treatment of pediatric cancers, recurrences and metastases still exacerbate prognosis in some aggressive solid tumors such as neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. In view of the poor efficacy and toxicity of current chemotherapeutic treatments, we propose a single multitherapeutic nanotechnology-based strategy by co-assembling in the same nanodevice two amphiphilic antitumor agents: squalenoyl-gemcitabine and edelfosine. Homogeneous batches of nanoassemblies were easily formulated by the nanoprecipitation method. Their anticancer activity was tested in pediatric cancer cell lines and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in mice. In vitro assays revealed a synergistic effect when gemcitabine was co-administered with edelfosine. Squalenoyl-gemcitabine/edelfosine nanoassemblies were found to be capable of intracellular translocation in patient-derived metastatic pediatric osteosarcoma cells and showed a better antitumor profile than squalenoyl-gemcitabine nanoassemblies alone. The intravenous administration of this combinatorial nanomedicine in mice exhibited a controlled release behavior of gemcitabine and diminished edelfosine plasma peak concentrations. These findings make it a suitable pre-clinical candidate for childhood cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodríguez-Nogales
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - S Mura
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - P Couvreur
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - M J Blanco-Prieto
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain.
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20
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Richardson RJ, Fink JK, Glynn P, Hufnagel RB, Makhaeva GF, Wijeyesakere SJ. Neuropathy target esterase (NTE/PNPLA6) and organophosphorus compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2020; 4:1-78. [PMID: 32518884 PMCID: PMC7271139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) with certain organophosphorus (OP) compounds produces OP compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), a distal degeneration of axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), thereby providing a powerful model for studying a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. Axonopathies are important medical entities in their own right, but in addition, illnesses once considered primary neuronopathies are now thought to begin with axonal degeneration. These disorders include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Moreover, conditional knockout of NTE in the mouse CNS produces vacuolation and other degenerative changes in large neurons in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum, along with degeneration and swelling of axons in ascending and descending spinal cord tracts. In humans, NTE mutations cause a variety of neurodegenerative conditions resulting in a range of deficits including spastic paraplegia and blindness. Mutations in the Drosophila NTE orthologue SwissCheese (SWS) produce neurodegeneration characterized by vacuolization that can be partially rescued by expression of wild-type human NTE, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for certain human neurological disorders. This chapter defines NTE and OPIDN, presents an overview of OP compounds, provides a rationale for NTE research, and traces the history of discovery of NTE and its relationship to OPIDN. It then briefly describes subsequent studies of NTE, including practical applications of the assay; aspects of its domain structure, subcellular localization, and tissue expression; abnormalities associated with NTE mutations, knockdown, and conventional or conditional knockout; and hypothetical models to help guide future research on elucidating the role of NTE in OPIDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy J. Richardson
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Corresponding author:
| | - John K. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul Glynn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Galina F. Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sanjeeva J. Wijeyesakere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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21
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Implications of gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic changes in prion disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 135:104704. [PMID: 31837420 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the gut microbiota influencing neurodegenerative diseases has been reported for several neural diseases. However, there is little insight regarding the relationship between the gut microbiota and prion disease. Here, using fecal samples of 12 prion-infected mice and 25 healthy controls, we analyzed the structure of the gut microbiota and metabolic changes by 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS-based metabolomics respectively as multi-omic analyses. Additionally, SCFAs and common amino acids were detected by GC-MS and UPLC respectively. Enteric changes induced by prion disease affected both structure and abundances of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota of infected mice displayed greater numbers of Proteobacteria and less Saccharibacteria at the phylum level and more Lactobacillaceae and Helicobacteraceae and less Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae at the family level. A total of 145 fecal metabolites were found to be significantly different in prion infection, and most (114) of these were lipid metabolites. Using KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, we found that 3 phosphatidylcholine (PC) compounds significantly decreased and 4 hydrophobic bile acids significantly increased. Decreases of 8 types of short-chain acids (SCFAs) and increases of Cys and Tyr and decreases of His, Trp, and Arg were observed in prion infection. Correlation analysis indicated that the gut microbiota changes observed in our study may have been the shared outcome of prion disease. These findings suggest that prion disease can cause significant shifts in the gut microbiota. Certain bacterial taxa can then respond to the resulting change to the enteric environment by causing dramatic shifts in metabolite levels. Our data highlight the health impact of the gut microbiota and related metabolites in prion disease.
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22
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Haszto CS, Stanley JA, Iyengar S, Prasad KM. Regionally Distinct Alterations in Membrane Phospholipid Metabolism in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 5:264-280. [PMID: 31748123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing data on altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in schizophrenia are diverse. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a noninvasive imaging approach that can assess molecular biochemistry of cortex by measuring phosphomonoester (PME) and phosphodiester (PDE) levels, which can provide evidence of altered biochemical processes involved in neuropil membrane expansion and contraction in schizophrenia. METHODS We analyzed PME and PDE data in the frontal and temporal lobes in subjects with schizophrenia from 24 peer-reviewed publications using the MAVIS package in R by building random- and fixed-effects models. Heterogeneity of effect sizes, effects of publication bias, and file drawer analysis were also assessed. RESULTS Subjects with schizophrenia showed lower PME levels in the frontal regions (p = .008) and elevated PDE levels in the temporal regions (p < .001) with significant heterogeneity. We noted significant publication bias and file drawer effect for frontal PME and PDE and temporal PDE levels, but not for temporal PME levels. Fail-safe analysis estimated that a high number of negative studies were required to provide nonsignificant results. CONCLUSIONS Despite methodological differences, these phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies demonstrate regionally specific imbalance in membrane phospholipid metabolism related to neuropil in subjects with schizophrenia compared with control subjects reflecting neuropil contraction. Specifically, decreased PME levels in the frontal regions and elevated PDE levels in the temporal regions provide evidence of decreased synthesis and increased degradation of neuropil membrane, respectively. Notwithstanding significant heterogeneity and publication bias, a large number of negative studies are required to render the results of this meta-analysis nonsignificant. These findings warrant further postmortem and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S Haszto
- Kenneth Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Konasale M Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Faiq MA, Wollstein G, Schuman JS, Chan KC. Cholinergic nervous system and glaucoma: From basic science to clinical applications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100767. [PMID: 31242454 PMCID: PMC6739176 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system has a crucial role to play in visual function. Although cholinergic drugs have been a focus of attention as glaucoma medications for reducing eye pressure, little is known about the potential modality for neuronal survival and/or enhancement in visual impairments. Citicoline, a naturally occurring compound and FDA approved dietary supplement, is a nootropic agent that is recently demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular diseases, memory disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in both humans and animal models. The mechanisms of its action appear to be multifarious including (i) preservation of cardiolipin, sphingomyelin, and arachidonic acid contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, (ii) restoration of phosphatidylcholine, (iii) stimulation of glutathione synthesis, (iv) lowering glutamate concentrations and preventing glutamate excitotoxicity, (v) rescuing mitochondrial function thereby preventing oxidative damage and onset of neuronal apoptosis, (vi) synthesis of myelin leading to improvement in neuronal membrane integrity, (vii) improving acetylcholine synthesis and thereby reducing the effects of mental stress and (viii) preventing endothelial dysfunction. Such effects have vouched for citicoline as a neuroprotective, neurorestorative and neuroregenerative agent. Retinal ganglion cells are neurons with long myelinated axons which provide a strong rationale for citicoline use in visual pathway disorders. Since glaucoma is a form of neurodegeneration involving retinal ganglion cells, citicoline may help ameliorate glaucomatous damages in multiple facets. Additionally, trans-synaptic degeneration has been identified in humans and experimental models of glaucoma suggesting the cholinergic system as a new brain target for glaucoma management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb A Faiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin C Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Department of Radiology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States; Center for Neural Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
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Ziegler AB, Tavosanis G. Glycerophospholipids – Emerging players in neuronal dendrite branching and outgrowth. Dev Biol 2019; 451:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Lee H, Lee HR, Kim HY, Lee H, Kim HJ, Choi HK. Characterization and classification of rat neural stem cells and differentiated cells by comparative metabolic and lipidomic profiling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5423-5436. [PMID: 31161326 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is necessary to characterize and classify neural stem cells (NSCs) and differentiated cells (DCs) for potential use of NSC to treat neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore performed an analysis of NSCs and DCs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and direct infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS) with elaborate multivariate statistical analysis for the characterization and classification of rat NSCs and DCs. GC-MS and DI-MS detected a total of 92 metabolites and lipids in NSCs and DCs, and the levels of 72 of them differed significantly between NSCs and DCs. The optimal model for partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis was constructed by applying 3 and 2 PLS components with a unit-variance scaling method for classifying NSCs and DCs based on the data obtained in the GC-MS and DI-MS analyses, respectively. The obtained results from PCA and PLS-DA suggest that creatinine, lactic acid, lysine, glutamine, glycine, pyroglutamic acid, PG 18:1/20:2, PS 18:0/20:2, PI 18:0/20:3, PC 16:0/20:4, PI 16:0/20:4, and PI 18:1/20:4 were the main contributors that provided distinct characteristics of NSCs and DCs. The results of this study suggest objective and complementary criteria for the characterization and classification of NSCs and DCs for potential clinical applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Rim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Youn Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Heayyean Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Landeira BS, Santana TTDS, Araújo JADM, Tabet EI, Tannous BA, Schroeder T, Costa MR. Activity-Independent Effects of CREB on Neuronal Survival and Differentiation during Mouse Cerebral Cortex Development. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:538-548. [PMID: 27999124 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal survival and morphological maturation depends on the action of the transcription factor calcium responsive element binding protein (CREB), which regulates expression of several target genes in an activity-dependent manner. However, it remains largely unknown whether CREB-mediated transcription could play a role at early stages of neuronal differentiation, prior to the establishment of functional synaptic contacts. Here, we show that CREB is phosphorylated at very early stages of neuronal differentiation in vivo and in vitro, even in the absence of depolarizing agents. Using genetic tools, we also show that inhibition of CREB-signaling affects neuronal growth and survival in vitro without affecting cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Expression of A-CREB or M-CREB, 2 dominant-negative inhibitors of CREB, decreases cell survival and the complexity of neuronal arborization. Similar changes are observed in neurons treated with protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitors, which also show decreased levels of pCREBSer133. Notably, expression of CREB-FY, a Tyr134Phe CREB mutant with a lower Km for phosphorylation, partly rescues the effects of PKA and CaMKII inhibition. Our data indicate that CREB-mediated signaling play important roles at early stages of cortical neuron differentiation, prior to the establishment of fully functional synaptic contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elie I Tabet
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstr. 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59056-450, Brazil
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Domizi P, Malizia F, Chazarreta-Cifre L, Diacovich L, Banchio C. KDM2B regulates choline kinase expression and neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210207. [PMID: 30629659 PMCID: PMC6328129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of neuronal differentiation is associated with neurite elongation and membrane biogenesis, and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is the major membrane phospholipid in mammalian cells. During neuroblast differentiation, the transcription of two genes involved in PtdCho biosynthesis are stimulated: Chka gene for choline kinase (CK) alpha isoform and Pcyt1a gene for CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) alpha isoform. Here we show that CKα is essential for neuronal differentiation. In addition, we demonstrated that KDM2B regulates CKα expression and, as a consequence, neuronal differentiation. This factor is up-regulated in the course of the neuroblasts proliferative and undifferentiated state and down-regulated during differentiation induced by retinoic acid (RA). During proliferation, KDM2B binds to the Box2 located in the Chka promoter repressing its transcription. Interestingly, KDM2B knockdown enhances the levels of CKα expression in neuroblast cells and induces neuronal differentiation even in the absence of RA. These results suggest that KDM2B is required for the appropriate regulation of CKα during neuronal differentiation and to the maintaining of the undifferentiated stage of neuroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domizi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Florencia Malizia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lorena Chazarreta-Cifre
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Diacovich
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, formation of Lewy bodies, and microgliosis. During the past decades multiple cellular pathways have been associated with PD pathology (i.e., oxidative stress, endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune response), yet disease-modifying treatments are not available. We have recently used genetic data from familial and sporadic cases in an unbiased approach to build a molecular landscape for PD, revealing lipids as central players in this disease. Here we extensively review the current knowledge concerning the involvement of various subclasses of fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and lipoproteins in PD pathogenesis. Our review corroborates a central role for most lipid classes, but the available information is fragmented, not always reproducible, and sometimes differs by sex, age or PD etiology of the patients. This hinders drawing firm conclusions about causal or associative effects of dietary lipids or defects in specific steps of lipid metabolism in PD. Future technological advances in lipidomics and additional systematic studies on lipid species from PD patient material may improve this situation and lead to a better appreciation of the significance of lipids for this devastating disease.
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Weber K, Casali C, Gaveglio V, Pasquaré S, Morel Gómez E, Parra L, Erjavec L, Perazzo C, Fernández Tome MC. TAG synthesis and storage under osmotic stress. A requirement for preserving membrane homeostasis in renal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1108-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Neuropil contraction in relation to Complement C4 gene copy numbers in independent cohorts of adolescent-onset and young adult-onset schizophrenia patients-a pilot study. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:134. [PMID: 30026462 PMCID: PMC6053402 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent report suggested Complement 4 (C4A) gene copy numbers (GCN) as risk factors for schizophrenia. Rodent model showed association of C4 with synaptic pruning suggesting its pathophysiological significance (Sekar, A. et al. (2016)). We, therefore, predicted that C4A GCN would be positively correlated with neuropil contraction in the human brain among schizophrenia patients showing more prominent correlations in ventral regions among young adults and dorsal regions among adolescents since neuromaturation progresses dorsoventrally. Whole-brain, multi-voxel, in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) assessed neuropil changes by estimating levels of membrane phospholipid (MPL) precursors and catabolites. Increased MPL catabolites and/or decreased MPL precursors indexed neuropil contraction. Digital droplet PCR-based assay was used to estimate C4A and C4B GCN. We evaluated two independent cohorts (young adult-onset early-course schizophrenia (YASZ = 15) and adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOSZ = 12) patients), and controls matched for each group, n = 22 and 15, respectively. Separate forward stepwise linear regression models with Akaike information Criterion were built for MPL catabolites and precursors. YASZ cohort: Consistent with the rodent model (Sekar, A. et al. 2016)), C4A GCN positively correlated with neuropil contraction (increased pruning/decreased formation) in the inferior frontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule. AOSZ cohort: C4A GCN positively correlated with neuropil contraction in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Exploratory analysis of C4B GCN showed positive correlation with neuropil contraction in the cerebellum and superior temporal gyrus among YASZ while AOSZ showed neuropil contraction in the prefrontal and subcortical structures. Thus, C4A and C4B GCN are associated with neuropil contraction in regions often associated with schizophrenia, and may be neuromaturationally dependent.
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31
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Proliferative Glioblastoma Cancer Cells Exhibit Persisting Temporal Control of Metabolism and Display Differential Temporal Drug Susceptibility in Chemotherapy. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1276-1292. [PMID: 29881948 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Even in immortalized cell lines, circadian clocks regulate physiological processes in a time-dependent manner, driving transcriptional and metabolic rhythms, the latter being able to persist without transcription. Circadian rhythm disruptions in modern life (shiftwork, jetlag, etc.) may lead to higher cancer risk. Here, we investigated whether the human glioblastoma T98G cells maintained quiescent or under proliferation keep a functional clock and whether cells display differential time responses to bortezomib chemotherapy. In arrested cultures, mRNAs for clock (Per1, Rev-erbα) and glycerophospholipid (GPL)-synthesizing enzyme genes, 32P-GPL labeling, and enzyme activities exhibited circadian rhythmicity; oscillations were also found in the redox state/peroxiredoxin oxidation. In proliferating cells, rhythms of gene expression were lost or their periodicity shortened whereas the redox and GPL metabolisms continued to fluctuate with a similar periodicity as under arrest. Cell viability significantly changed over time after bortezomib treatment; however, this rhythmicity and the redox cycles were altered after Bmal1 knock-down, indicating cross-talk between the transcriptional and the metabolic oscillators. An intrinsic metabolic clock continues to function in proliferating cells, controlling diverse metabolisms and highlighting differential states of tumor suitability for more efficient, time-dependent chemotherapy when the redox state is high and GPL metabolism low.
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Glinton KE, Benke PJ, Lines MA, Geraghty MT, Chakraborty P, Al-Dirbashi OY, Jiang Y, Kennedy AD, Grotewiel MS, Sutton VR, Elsea SH, El-Hattab AW. Disturbed phospholipid metabolism in serine biosynthesis defects revealed by metabolomic profiling. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 123:309-316. [PMID: 29269105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Serine biosynthesis defects are autosomal recessive metabolic disorders resulting from the deficiency of any of the three enzymes involved in de novo serine biosynthesis, specifically phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP). In this study, we performed metabolomic profiling on 4 children with serine biosynthesis defects; 3 with PGDH deficiency and 1 with PSAT deficiency. The evaluations were performed at baseline and with serine and glycine supplementation. Metabolomic profiling performed at baseline showed low phospholipid species, including glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. All children had low serine and glycine as expected. Low glycerophosphocholine compounds were found in 4 children, low glycerophosphoethanolamine compounds in 3 children, and low sphingomyelin species in 2 children. Metabolic profiling with serine and glycine supplementation showed normalization of most of the low phospholipid compounds in the 4 children. Phospholipids are the major component of plasma and intracellular membranes, and phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant phospholipid of all mammalian cell types and subcellular organelles. Phosphatidylcholine is of particular importance for the nervous system, where it is essential for neuronal differentiation. The observed low phosphatidylcholine species in children with serine biosynthesis defects that improved after serine supplementation, supports the role of serine as a significant precursor for phosphatidylcholine. The vital role that phosphatidylcholine has during neuronal differentiation and the pronounced neurological manifestations in serine biosynthesis defects suggest that phosphatidylcholine deficiency occurring secondary to serine deficiency may have a significant contribution to the development of the neurological manifestations in individuals with serine biosynthesis defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Glinton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Benke
- Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital and Florida Atlantic School of Medicine, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - Matthew A Lines
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Osama Y Al-Dirbashi
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirate University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yi Jiang
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael S Grotewiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayman W El-Hattab
- Division of Clinical Genetic and Metabolic Disorders, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Montaner A, da Silva Santana TT, Schroeder T, Einicker-Lamas M, Girardini J, Costa MR, Banchio C. Specific Phospholipids Regulate the Acquisition of Neuronal and Astroglial Identities in Post-Mitotic Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:460. [PMID: 29323239 PMCID: PMC5765016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hitherto, the known mechanisms underpinning cell-fate specification act on neural progenitors, affecting their commitment to generate neuron or glial cells. Here, we show that particular phospholipids supplemented in the culture media modify the commitment of post-mitotic neural cells in vitro. Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho)-enriched media enhances neuronal differentiation at the expense of astroglial and unspecified cells. Conversely, phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) enhances astroglial differentiation and accelerates astrocyte maturation. The ability of phospholipids to modify the fate of post-mitotic cells depends on its presence during a narrow time-window during cell differentiation and it is mediated by the selective activation of particular signaling pathways. While PtdCho-mediated effect on neuronal differentiation depends on cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA)/calcium responsive element binding protein (CREB), PtdEtn stimulates astrogliogenesis through the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Collectively, our results provide an additional degree of plasticity in neural cell specification and further support the notion that cell differentiation is a reversible phenomenon. They also contribute to our understanding of neuronal and glial lineage specification in the central nervous system, opening up new avenues to retrieve neurogenic capacity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneley Montaner
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Cell Systems Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Einicker-Lamas
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-902, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Javier Girardini
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcos Romualdo Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59056-450, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Luo LD, Li G, Wang Y. PLD1 promotes dendritic spine development by inhibiting ADAM10-mediated N-cadherin cleavage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6035. [PMID: 28729535 PMCID: PMC5519554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the basic units of information transmission, processing and integration in the nervous system. Dysfunction of the synaptic development has been recognized as one of the main reasons for mental dementia and psychiatric diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and autism. However, the underlying mechanisms of the synapse formation are far from clear. Here we report that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) promotes the development of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. We found that overexpressing PLD1 increases both the density and the area of dendritic spines. On the contrary, loss of function of PLD1, including overexpression of the catalytically-inactive PLD1 (PLD1ci) or knocking down PLD1 by siRNAs, leads to reduction in the spine density and the spine area. Moreover, we found that PLD1 promotes the dendritic spine development via regulating the membrane level of N-cadherin. Further studies showed that the regulation of surface N-cadherin by PLD1 is related with the cleavage of N-cadherin by a member of the disintegrin and metalloprotease family-ADAM10. Taking together, our results indicate a positive role of PLD1 in synaptogenesis by inhibiting the ADAM10 mediated N-cadherin cleavage and provide new therapeutic clues for some neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Da Luo
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Gang Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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35
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Hijazi M, Medina JM, Velasco A. Restrained Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis in a Cellular Model of Down's Syndrome is Associated with the Overexpression of Dyrk1A. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:1092-1100. [PMID: 26803494 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant formation of the cerebral cortex could be attributed to the lack of suitable substrates that direct the migration of neurons. Previous work carried out at our laboratory has shown that oleic acid is a neurotrophic factor. In order to characterize the effect of oleic acid in a cellular model of Down's syndrome (DS), here, we used immortalized cell lines derived from the cortex of trisomy Ts16 and euploid mice. We report that in the plasma membrane of euploid cells, an increase in phosphatidylcholine concentrations occurs in the presence of oleic acid. However, in trisomic cells, oleic acid failed to increase phosphatidylcholine incorporation into the plasma membrane. Gene expression analysis of trisomic cells revealed that the phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway was deregulated. Taken together, these results suggest that the overdose of specific genes in trisomic lines delays differentiation in the presence of oleic acid. The dual-specificity tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene is located on human chromosome 21. DYRK1A contributes to intellectual disability and the early onset of Alzheimer's disease in DS patients. Here, we explored the potential role of Dyrk1A in the reduction of phosphatidylcholine concentrations in trisomic cells in the presence of oleic acid. The downregulation of Dyrk1A by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in trisomic cells returned phosphatidylcholine concentrations up to similar levels to those of euploid cells in the presence of oleic acid. Thus, our results highlight the role of Dyrk1A in brain development through the modulation of phosphatidylcholine location, levels and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruan Hijazi
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Mayo JC, Hevia D, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Cepas V, Gonzalez-Pola I, Sainz RM. IGFBP3 and MAPK/ERK signaling mediates melatonin-induced antitumor activity in prostate cancer. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27736013 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer among males, lacks successful strategies especially in advanced, hormone-refractory stages. Some clinical studies have shown an increase in neuroendocrine-like cells parallel to the tumor progression but their exact role is a matter of debate. The prostate is a well-known target for melatonin, which reduces PCa cells proliferation and induces neuroendocrine differentiation. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the indole effects on neuroendocrine differentiation and its impact on PCa progression, we used a cell culture model (LNCaP) and a murine model (TRAMP). Persistent ERK1/2 activation was found in both, melatonin and androgen-deprived cells. Melatonin blocked nuclear translocation of androgen receptor (AR), thus confirming anti-androgenic actions of the indole. However, using a comparative genome microarray to check the differentially expressed genes in control, melatonin, or androgen-deprived cells, some differences were found, suggesting a more complex role of the indole. By comparing control cells with those treated with melatonin or depleted of androgen, a cluster of 26 differentially expressed genes (±2.5-fold) was found. Kallikreins (KLK)2 and KLK3 (PSA) were dramatically downregulated by both treatments whereas IGFBP3 and IGF1R were up- and downregulated, respectively, in both experimental groups, thus showing a role for IGF in both scenarios. Finally, melatonin prolonged the survival of TRAMP mice by 33% when given at the beginning or at advances stages of the tumor. Serum IGFBP3 was significantly elevated by the indole in early stages of the tumor, confirming in vivo the role of the IGF signaling in the oncostatic action of the indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), C1, Marie Arsenian Henriksson group, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cepas
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Gonzalez-Pola
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Redox Biology Unit, The University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Prasad KM, Burgess AM, Keshavan MS, Nimgaonkar VL, Stanley JA. Neuropil pruning in Early-Course Schizophrenia: Immunological, Clinical, and Neurocognitive Correlates. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2016; 1:528-538. [PMID: 28255578 PMCID: PMC5328666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropathological studies suggest neuropil reduction in schizophrenia. Altered synaptic pruning is proposed to underlie neuropil reduction. Underlying factors and clinical correlates of synaptic pruning are poorly understood. Using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS), it is feasible to assess membrane phospholipid (MPL) metabolites in the brain that specifically and sensitively reflect neuropil expansion (elevated MPL precursors) or contraction (elevated MPL catabolites). METHODS We examined MPL metabolites and their cognitive, clinical and immunologic correlates among 28 early-course schizophrenia individuals (illness duration 1.99±1.33 years; antipsychotic-naïve=18) and 21 controls. We acquired whole-brain multi-voxel 31P MRS data from 12 unique brain regions. Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were assayed in the serum. Generalized linear mixed models examined case-control differences in MPL metabolites in these regions correcting for multiple testing. Partial correlations accounting for multiple tests examined the relationship of Interleukin-6 and CRP levels with MPL metabolite levels. RESULTS MPL catabolite levels were increased in the thalamus in schizophrenia compared to controls. Interleukin-6 and CRP levels did not show case-control differences. Interleukin-6 levels positively correlated with MPL catabolite levels in the thalamus after correcting for multiple tests. The left thalamus MPL catabolite levels correlated negatively with sustained attention (corrected p=0.039). DISCUSSION Elevated MPL catabolites in the thalamus suggest increased neuropil contraction that may be related to excessive synaptic pruning. The thalamic neuropil contraction is associated with Interleukin-6 levels suggesting central pathogenic mechanisms for the inflammatory mediators. Correlation of increased thalamic MPL catabolite levels with cognitive impairments suggests clinical correlates of neuropil contraction.
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Zhu CH, Wu T, Jin Y, Huang BX, Zhou RF, Wang YQ, Luo XL, Zhu HL. Prenatal choline supplementation attenuates spatial learning deficits of offspring rats exposed to low-protein diet during fetal period. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Monte Carlo cross-validation analysis screens pathway cross-talk associated with Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1327-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Wu Q, Zou M, Yang M, Zhou S, Yan X, Sun B, Wang Y, Chang S, Tang Y, Liang F, Yu S. Revealing Potential Biomarkers of Functional Dyspepsia by Combining 1H NMR Metabonomics Techniques and an Integrative Multi-objective Optimization Method. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18852. [PMID: 26743458 PMCID: PMC4705523 DOI: 10.1038/srep18852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabonomics methods have gradually become important auxiliary tools for screening disease biomarkers. However, recognition of metabolites or potential biomarkers closely related to either particular clinical symptoms or prognosis has been difficult. The current study aims to identify potential biomarkers of functional dyspepsia (FD) by a new strategy that combined hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabonomics techniques and an integrative multi-objective optimization (LPIMO) method. First, clinical symptoms of FD were evaluated using the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), and plasma metabolic profiles were measured by 1H NMR. Correlations between the key metabolites and the NDI scores were calculated. Then, LPIMO was developed to identify a multi-biomarker panel by maximizing diagnostic ability and correlation with the NDI score. Finally, a KEGG database search elicited the metabolic pathways in which the potential biomarkers are involved. The results showed that glutamine, alanine, proline, HDL, β-glucose, α-glucose and LDL/VLDL levels were significantly altered in FD patients. Among them, phosphatidycholine (PtdCho) and leucine/isoleucine (Leu/Ile) were positively and negatively correlated with the NDI Symptom Index (NDSI) respectively. Our procedure not only significantly improved the credibility of the biomarkers, but also demonstrated the potential of further explorations and applications to diagnosis and treatment of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Meng Zou
- National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Mingxiao Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Xianzhong Yan
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bo Sun
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Shyang Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
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Mastrokolias A, Pool R, Mina E, Hettne KM, van Duijn E, van der Mast RC, van Ommen G, ‘t Hoen PAC, Prehn C, Adamski J, van Roon-Mom W. Integration of targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics identifies deregulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in Huntington's disease peripheral blood samples. Metabolomics 2016; 12:137. [PMID: 27524956 PMCID: PMC4963448 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic changes have been frequently associated with Huntington's disease (HD). At the same time peripheral blood represents a minimally invasive sampling avenue with little distress to Huntington's disease patients especially when brain or other tissue samples are difficult to collect. OBJECTIVES We investigated the levels of 163 metabolites in HD patient and control serum samples in order to identify disease related changes. Additionally, we integrated the metabolomics data with our previously published next generation sequencing-based gene expression data from the same patients in order to interconnect the metabolomics changes with transcriptional alterations. METHODS This analysis was performed using targeted metabolomics and flow injection electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in 133 serum samples from 97 Huntington's disease patients (29 pre-symptomatic and 68 symptomatic) and 36 controls. RESULTS By comparing HD mutation carriers with controls we identified 3 metabolites significantly changed in HD (serine and threonine and one phosphatidylcholine-PC ae C36:0) and an additional 8 phosphatidylcholines (PC aa C38:6, PC aa C36:0, PC ae C38:0, PC aa C38:0, PC ae C38:6, PC ae C42:0, PC aa C36:5 and PC ae C36:0) that exhibited a significant association with disease severity. Using workflow based exploitation of pathway databases and by integrating our metabolomics data with our gene expression data from the same patients we identified 4 deregulated phosphatidylcholine metabolism related genes (ALDH1B1, MBOAT1, MTRR and PLB1) that showed significant association with the changes in metabolite concentrations. CONCLUSION Our results support the notion that phosphatidylcholine metabolism is deregulated in HD blood and that these metabolite alterations are associated with specific gene expression changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Mastrokolias
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Mina
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina M. Hettne
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Duijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Mental Health Care Delfland, Jorisweg 2, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Roos C. van der Mast
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - GertJan van Ommen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. C. ‘t Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Willeke van Roon-Mom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Paoletti L, Domizi P, Marcucci H, Montaner A, Krapf D, Salvador G, Banchio C. Lysophosphatidylcholine Drives Neuroblast Cell Fate. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6316-6331. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Feng X, Yu W, Liang R, Shi C, Zhao Z, Guo J. Receptor-interacting protein 140 overexpression promotes neuro-2a neuronal differentiation by ERK1/2 signaling. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:119-24. [PMID: 25563324 PMCID: PMC4837806 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.147850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal neuronal differentiation plays an important role in central nervous system (CNS) development abnormalities such as Down syndrome (DS), a disorder that results directly from overexpression of genes in trisomic cells. Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is significantly upregulated in DS brains, suggesting its involvement in DS CNS development abnormalities. However, the role of RIP140 in neuronal differentiation is still not clear. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of RIP140 overexpression on the differentiation of neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells, in vitro. Methods: Stably RIP140-overexpressing N2a (N2a-RIP140) cells were used as a neurodevelopmental model, and were constructed by lipofection and overexpression validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Retinoic acid (RA) was used to stimulate N2a differentiation. Combining the expression of Tuj1 at the mRNA and protein levels, the percentage of cells baring neurites, and the number of neurites per cell body was semi-quantified to determine the effect of RIP140 on differentiation of N2a cells. Furthermore, western blot and the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 were used to identify the specific signaling pathway by which RIP140 induces differentiation of N2a cells. Statistical significance of the differences between groups was determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by the Dunnett test. Results: Compared to untransfected N2a cells RIPl40 expression in N2a-RIP140 cells was remarkably upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. N2a-RIP140 cells had a significantly increased percentage of cells baring neurites, and numbers of neurites per cell, as compared to N2a cells, in the absence and presence of RA (P < 0.05). In addition, Tuj1, a neuronal biomarker, was strongly upregulated in N2a-RIP140 cells (P < 0.05) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) levels in N2a-RIP140 cells were dramatically increased, while differentiation was inhibited by the ERK1/2-specific inhibitor U0126. Conclusions: RIP140 overexpression promotes N2a cell neuronal differentiation by activating the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jingzhu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Cornell RB, Ridgway ND. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase: Function, regulation, and structure of an amphitropic enzyme required for membrane biogenesis. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:147-71. [PMID: 26165797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) catalyzes a rate-limiting and regulated step in the CDP-choline pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC-derived lipids. Control of CCT activity is multi-layered, and includes direct regulation by reversible membrane binding involving a built-in lipid compositional sensor. Thus CCT contributes to phospholipid compositional homeostasis. CCT also modifies the curvature of its target membrane. Knowledge of CCT structure and regulation of its catalytic function are relatively advanced compared to many lipid metabolic enzymes, and are reviewed in detail. Recently the genetic origins of two human developmental and lipogenesis disorders have been traced to mutations in the gene for CCTα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary B Cornell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and the Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A-1S6, Canada.
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4H7, Canada
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Gorné LD, Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Pasquaré SJ, Salvador GA, Giusto NM, Guido ME. The mouse liver displays daily rhythms in the metabolism of phospholipids and in the activity of lipid synthesizing enzymes. Chronobiol Int 2014; 32:11-26. [PMID: 25140391 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.949734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system involves central and peripheral oscillators regulating temporally biochemical processes including lipid metabolism; their disruption leads to severe metabolic diseases (obesity, diabetes, etc). Here, we investigated the temporal regulation of glycerophospholipid (GPL) synthesis in mouse liver, a well-known peripheral oscillator. Mice were synchronized to a 12:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and then released to constant darkness with food ad libitum. Livers collected at different times exhibited a daily rhythmicity in some individual GPL content with highest levels during the subjective day. The activity of GPL-synthesizing/remodeling enzymes: phosphatidate phosphohydrolase 1 (PAP-1/lipin) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) also displayed significant variations, with higher levels during the subjective day and at dusk. We evaluated the temporal regulation of expression and activity of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesizing enzymes. PC is mainly synthesized through the Kennedy pathway with Choline Kinase (ChoK) as a key regulatory enzyme or through the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway. The PC/PE content ratio exhibited a daily variation with lowest levels at night, while ChoKα and PEMT mRNA expression displayed maximal levels at nocturnal phases. Our results demonstrate that mouse liver GPL metabolism oscillates rhythmically with a precise temporal control in the expression and/or activity of specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Gorné
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina and
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Kim HY, Huang BX, Spector AA. Phosphatidylserine in the brain: metabolism and function. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 56:1-18. [PMID: 24992464 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the major anionic phospholipid class particularly enriched in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. PS is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine, and this reaction is catalyzed by phosphatidylserine synthase 1 and phosphatidylserine synthase 2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Activation of Akt, Raf-1 and protein kinase C signaling, which supports neuronal survival and differentiation, requires interaction of these proteins with PS localized in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Furthermore, neurotransmitter release by exocytosis and a number of synaptic receptors and proteins are modulated by PS present in the neuronal membranes. Brain is highly enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and brain PS has a high DHA content. By promoting PS synthesis, DHA can uniquely expand the PS pool in neuronal membranes and thereby influence PS-dependent signaling and protein function. Ethanol decreases DHA-promoted PS synthesis and accumulation in neurons, which may contribute to the deleterious effects of ethanol intake. Improvement of some memory functions has been observed in cognitively impaired subjects as a result of PS supplementation, but the mechanism is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, United States.
| | - Bill X Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, United States
| | - Arthur A Spector
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9410, United States
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Domizi P, Aoyama C, Banchio C. Choline kinase alpha expression during RA-induced neuronal differentiation: role of C/EBPβ. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:544-51. [PMID: 24440820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation is a complex process characterized by a halt in proliferation and extension of neurites from the cell body. This process is accompanied by changes in gene expression that mediate the redirection leading to neurite formation and function. Acceleration of membrane phospholipids synthesis is associated with neurite elongation, and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is the major membrane phospholipid in mammalian cells. The transcription of two genes in particular encoding key enzymes in the CDP-choline pathway for PtdCho biosynthesis are stimulated; the Chka gene for choline kinase (CK) alpha isoform and the Pcyt1a gene for the CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) alpha isoform. We report that the stimulation of CKα expression during retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiation depends on a promoter region that contains two CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein-β (C/EBPβ) sites. We demonstrate that during neuronal differentiation of Neuro-2a cells, RA induces Chka expression by a mechanism that involves ERK1/2 activation which triggers C/EBPβ expression. Elevated levels of C/EBPβ bind to the Chka proximal promoter (Box1) inducing CKα expression. In addition we identified a downstream sequence named Box2 which together with Box1 is required for the promoter to reach the full induction. This is the first elucidation of the mechanism by which the expression of Chka is coordinately regulated during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Domizi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR) and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Chieko Aoyama
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR) and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Predio CONICET Rosario, Rosario, 2000, Argentina.
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Nardicchi V, Ferrini M, Pilolli F, Angeli EB, Persichetti E, Beccari T, Mannucci R, Arcuri C, Donato R, Dorman RV, Goracci G. NGF Induces the Expression of Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 in PC12 Cells: The Newly Synthesized Enzyme Is Addressed to Growing Neurites. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:15-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Expression of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic enzymes during early embryogenesis in the amphibian Bufo arenarum. ZYGOTE 2013; 23:257-65. [PMID: 24229731 DOI: 10.1017/s096719941300052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the principal route of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis the regulatory steps are catalysed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) and choline kinase (CK). Knock-out mice in Pcyt1a (CCT gene) and Chka1 (CK gene) resulted in preimplantation embryonic lethality, demonstrating the essential role of this pathway. However, there is still a lack of detailed CCT and CK expression analysis during development. The aim of the current work was to study the expression during early development of both enzymes in the external-fertilization vertebrate Bufo arenarum. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot confirmed their presence in unfertilized eggs. Analysis performed in total extracts from staged embryos showed constant protein levels of both enzymes until the 32-cell stage: then they decreased, reaching a minimum in the gastrula before starting to recover. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase is an amphitropic enzyme that inter-converts between cytosolic inactive and membrane-bound active forms. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the cytosolic:total CCT protein ratio does not change throughout embryogenesis, suggesting a progressive decline of CCT activity in early development. However, PC (and phosphatidylethanolamine) content per egg/embryo remained constant throughout the stages analysed. In conclusion, the current data for B. arenarum suggest that net synthesis of PC mediated by CCT and CK is not required in early development and that supplies for membrane biosynthesis are fulfilled by lipids already present in the egg/embryo reservoirs.
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Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Márquez S, Salvador GA, Pasquaré SJ, Gorné LD, Garbarino-Pico E, Giusto NM, Guido ME. Daily rhythms of glycerophospholipid synthesis in fibroblast cultures involve differential enzyme contributions. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1798-811. [PMID: 23641021 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m034264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks regulate the temporal organization of several biochemical processes, including lipid metabolism, and their disruption leads to severe metabolic disorders. Immortalized cell lines acting as circadian clocks display daily variations in [(32)P]phospholipid labeling; however, the regulation of glycerophospholipid (GPL) synthesis by internal clocks remains unknown. Here we found that arrested NIH 3T3 cells synchronized with a 2 h-serum shock exhibited temporal oscillations in a) the labeling of total [(3)H] GPLs, with lowest levels around 28 and 56 h, and b) the activity of GPL-synthesizing and GPL-remodeling enzymes, such as phosphatidate phosphohydrolase 1 (PAP-1) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLAT), respectively, with antiphase profiles. In addition, we investigated the temporal regulation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. PC is mainly synthesized through the Kennedy pathway with choline kinase (ChoK) and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltranferase (CCT) as key regulatory enzymes. We observed that the PC labeling exhibited daily changes, with the lowest levels every ~28 h, that were accompanied by brief increases in CCT activity and the oscillation in ChoK mRNA expression and activity. Results demonstrate that the metabolisms of GPLs and particularly of PC in synchronized fibroblasts are subject to a complex temporal control involving concerted changes in the expression and/or activities of specific synthesizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Acosta-Rodríguez
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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